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+/*
+ * This file is open source software, licensed to you under the terms
+ * of the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"). See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright
+ * ownership. You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Cloudius Systems, Ltd.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+// The following unaligned_cast<T*>(p) is a portable replacement for
+// reinterpret_cast<T*>(p) which should be used every time address p
+// is not guaranteed to be properly aligned to alignof(T).
+//
+// On architectures like x86 and ARM, where unaligned access is allowed,
+// unaligned_cast will behave the same as reinterpret_cast and will generate
+// the same code.
+//
+// Certain architectures (e.g., MIPS) make it extremely slow or outright
+// forbidden to use ordinary machine instructions on a primitive type at an
+// unaligned addresses - e.g., access a uint32_t at an address which is not
+// a multiple of 4. Gcc's "undefined behavior sanitizer" (enabled in our debug
+// build) also catches such unaligned accesses and reports them as errors,
+// even when running on x86.
+//
+// Therefore, reinterpret_cast<int32_t*> on an address which is not guaranteed
+// to be a multiple of 4 may generate extremely slow code or runtime errors,
+// and must be avoided. The compiler needs to be told about the unaligned
+// access, so it can generate reasonably-efficient code for the access
+// (in MIPS, this means generating two instructions "lwl" and "lwr", instead
+// of the one instruction "lw" which faults on unaligned/ access). The way to
+// tell the compiler this is with __attribute__((packed)). This will also
+// cause the sanitizer not to generate runtime alignment checks for this
+// access.
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace seastar {
+
+template <typename T>
+struct unaligned {
+ // This is made to support only simple types, so it is fine to
+ // require them to be trivially copy constructible.
+ static_assert(std::is_trivially_copy_constructible_v<T>);
+ T raw;
+ unaligned() noexcept = default;
+ unaligned(T x) noexcept : raw(x) {}
+ unaligned& operator=(const T& x) noexcept { raw = x; return *this; }
+ operator T() const noexcept { return raw; }
+} __attribute__((packed));
+
+
+// deprecated: violates strict aliasing rules
+template <typename T, typename F>
+inline auto unaligned_cast(F* p) noexcept {
+ return reinterpret_cast<unaligned<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>*>(p);
+}
+
+// deprecated: violates strict aliasing rules
+template <typename T, typename F>
+inline auto unaligned_cast(const F* p) noexcept {
+ return reinterpret_cast<const unaligned<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>*>(p);
+}
+
+}