Adding upstream version 9.1.upstream/9.1upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

773 files changed, 59904 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tests/Coreutils.pm b/tests/Coreutils.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2c5392
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Coreutils.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,629 @@
+package Coreutils;
+# This is a testing framework.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT);
+
+use FileHandle;
+use File::Compare qw(compare);
+
+@ISA = qw(Exporter);
+($VERSION = '$Revision: 1.5 $ ') =~ tr/[0-9].//cd;
+@EXPORT = qw (run_tests triple_test getlimits);
+
+my $debug = $ENV{DEBUG};
+
+my @Types = qw (IN IN_PIPE OUT ERR AUX CMP EXIT PRE POST OUT_SUBST
+                ERR_SUBST ENV ENV_DEL);
+my %Types = map {$_ => 1} @Types;
+my %Zero_one_type = map {$_ => 1}
+   qw (OUT ERR EXIT PRE POST OUT_SUBST ERR_SUBST ENV);
+my $srcdir = "$ENV{srcdir}";
+my $Global_count = 1;
+
+# When running in a DJGPP environment, make $ENV{SHELL} point to bash.
+# Otherwise, a bad shell might be used (e.g. command.com) and many
+# tests would fail.
+defined $ENV{DJDIR}
+  and $ENV{SHELL} = "$ENV{DJDIR}/bin/bash.exe";
+
+# Perl 5.22.2 was seen to default to TERM=dumb on Solaris 11 OpenIndiana
+# So ensure this variable is unset.
+defined $ENV{TERM}
+  and delete $ENV{TERM};
+
+# A file spec: a scalar or a reference to a single-keyed hash
+# ================
+# 'contents'               contents only (file name is derived from test name)
+# {filename => 'contents'} filename and contents
+# {filename => undef}      filename only -- $(srcdir)/tests/filename must exist
+#
+# FIXME: If there is more than one input file, then you can't specify 'REDIR'.
+# PIPE is still ok.
+#
+# I/O spec: a hash ref with the following properties
+# ================
+# - one key/value pair
+# - the key must be one of these strings: IN, OUT, ERR, AUX, CMP, EXIT
+# - the value must be a file spec
+# {OUT => 'data'}    put data in a temp file and compare it to stdout from cmd
+# {OUT => {'filename'=>undef}} compare contents of existing filename to
+#           stdout from cmd
+# {OUT => {'filename'=>[$CTOR, $DTOR]}} $CTOR and $DTOR are references to
+#           functions, each which is passed the single argument 'filename'.
+#           $CTOR must create 'filename'.
+#           DTOR may be omitted in which case 'sub{unlink @_[0]}' is used.
+#           FIXME: implement this
+# {ERR => ...}
+#           Same as for OUT, but compare with stderr, not stdout.
+# {OUT_SUBST => 's/variable_output/expected_output/'}
+#   Transform actual standard output before comparing it against expected.
+#   This is useful e.g. for programs like du that produce output that
+#   varies a lot from system.  E.g., an empty file may consume zero file
+#   blocks, or more, depending on the OS and on the file system type.
+# {ERR_SUBST => 's/variable_output/expected_output/'}
+#   Transform actual stderr output before comparing it against expected.
+#   This is useful when verifying that we get a meaningful diagnostic.
+#   For example, in rm/fail-2eperm, we have to account for three different
+#   diagnostics: Operation not permitted, Not owner, and Permission denied.
+# {EXIT => N} expect exit status of cmd to be N
+# {ENV => 'VAR=val ...'}
+#   Prepend 'VAR=val ...' to the command that we execute via 'system'.
+# {ENV_DEL => 'VAR'}
+#   Remove VAR from the environment just before running the corresponding
+#   command, and restore any value just afterwards.
+#
+# There may be many input file specs.  File names from the input specs
+# are concatenated in order on the command line.
+# There may be at most one of the OUT-, ERR-, and EXIT-keyed specs.
+# If the OUT-(or ERR)-keyed hash ref is omitted, then expect no output
+#   on stdout (or stderr).
+# If the EXIT-keyed one is omitted, then expect the exit status to be zero.
+
+# FIXME: Make sure that no junkfile is also listed as a
+# non-junkfile (i.e., with undef for contents)
+
+sub _shell_quote ($)
+{
+  my ($string) = @_;
+  $string =~ s/\'/\'\\\'\'/g;
+  return "'$string'";
+}
+
+sub _create_file ($$$$)
+{
+  my ($program_name, $test_name, $file_name, $data) = @_;
+  my $file;
+  if (defined $file_name)
+    {
+      $file = $file_name;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      $file = "$test_name.$Global_count";
+      ++$Global_count;
+    }
+
+  warn "creating file '$file' with contents '$data'\n" if $debug;
+
+  # The test spec gave a string.
+  # Write it to a temp file and return tempfile name.
+  my $fh = new FileHandle "> $file";
+  die "$program_name: $file: $!\n" if ! $fh;
+  print $fh $data;
+  $fh->close || die "$program_name: $file: $!\n";
+
+  return $file;
+}
+
+sub _compare_files ($$$$$)
+{
+  my ($program_name, $test_name, $in_or_out, $actual, $expected) = @_;
+
+  my $differ = compare ($actual, $expected);
+  if ($differ)
+    {
+      my $info = (defined $in_or_out ? "std$in_or_out " : '');
+      warn "$program_name: test $test_name: ${info}mismatch, comparing "
+        . "$expected (expected) and $actual (actual)\n";
+      # Ignore any failure, discard stderr.
+      system "diff -c $expected $actual 2>/dev/null";
+    }
+
+  return $differ;
+}
+
+sub _process_file_spec ($$$$$)
+{
+  my ($program_name, $test_name, $file_spec, $type, $junk_files) = @_;
+
+  my ($file_name, $contents);
+  if (!ref $file_spec)
+    {
+      ($file_name, $contents) = (undef, $file_spec);
+    }
+  elsif (ref $file_spec eq 'HASH')
+    {
+      my $n = keys %$file_spec;
+      die "$program_name: $test_name: $type spec has $n elements --"
+        . " expected 1\n"
+          if $n != 1;
+      ($file_name, $contents) = each %$file_spec;
+
+      # This happens for the AUX hash in an io_spec like this:
+      # {CMP=> ['zy123utsrqponmlkji', {'@AUX@'=> undef}]},
+      defined $contents
+        or return $file_name;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      die "$program_name: $test_name: invalid RHS in $type-spec\n"
+    }
+
+  my $is_junk_file = (! defined $file_name
+                      || (($type eq 'IN' || $type eq 'AUX' || $type eq 'CMP')
+                          && defined $contents));
+  my $file = _create_file ($program_name, $test_name,
+                           $file_name, $contents);
+
+  if ($is_junk_file)
+    {
+      push @$junk_files, $file
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      # FIXME: put $srcdir in here somewhere
+      warn "$program_name: $test_name: specified file '$file' does"
+        . " not exist\n"
+          if ! -f "$srcdir/tests/$file";
+    }
+
+  return $file;
+}
+
+sub _at_replace ($$)
+{
+  my ($map, $s) = @_;
+  foreach my $eo (qw (AUX OUT ERR))
+    {
+      my $f = $map->{$eo};
+      $f
+        and $s =~ /\@$eo\@/
+          and $s =~ s/\@$eo\@/$f/g;
+    }
+  return $s;
+}
+
+sub getlimits()
+{
+  my $NV;
+  open $NV, "getlimits |" or die "Error running getlimits\n";
+  my %limits = map {split /=|\n/} <$NV>;
+  return \%limits;
+}
+
+# FIXME: cleanup on interrupt
+# FIXME: extract 'do_1_test' function
+
+# FIXME: having to include $program_name here is an expedient kludge.
+# Library code doesn't 'die'.
+sub run_tests ($$$$$)
+{
+  my ($program_name, $prog, $t_spec, $save_temps, $verbose) = @_;
+
+  # To indicate that $prog is a shell built-in, you'd make it a string 'ref'.
+  # E.g., call run_tests ($prog, \$prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+  # If it's a ref, invoke it via "env":
+  my $built_prog = ref $prog ? $$prog : $prog;
+  my @prog = ref $prog ? (qw(env --), $$prog) : $prog;
+
+  # Warn about empty t_spec.
+  # FIXME
+
+  # Remove all temp files upon interrupt.
+  # FIXME
+
+  # Verify that test names are distinct.
+  my $bad_test_name = 0;
+  my %seen;
+  my %seen_8dot3;
+  my $t;
+  foreach $t (@$t_spec)
+    {
+      my $test_name = $t->[0];
+      if ($seen{$test_name})
+        {
+          warn "$program_name: $test_name: duplicate test name\n";
+          $bad_test_name = 1;
+        }
+      $seen{$test_name} = 1;
+
+      if (0)
+        {
+          my $t8 = lc substr $test_name, 0, 8;
+          if ($seen_8dot3{$t8})
+            {
+              warn "$program_name: 8.3 test name conflict: "
+                . "$test_name, $seen_8dot3{$t8}\n";
+              $bad_test_name = 1;
+            }
+          $seen_8dot3{$t8} = $test_name;
+        }
+
+      # The test name may be no longer than 30 bytes.
+      # Yes, this is an arbitrary limit.  If it causes trouble,
+      # consider removing it.
+      my $max = 30;
+      if ($max < length $test_name)
+        {
+          warn "$program_name: $test_name: test name is too long (> $max)\n";
+          $bad_test_name = 1;
+        }
+    }
+  return 1 if $bad_test_name;
+
+  $ENV{built_programs} =~ /\b$built_prog\b/ ||
+    CuSkip::skip "required program(s) not built [$built_prog]\n";
+
+  # FIXME check exit status
+  system (@prog, '--version') if $verbose;
+
+  my @junk_files;
+  my $fail = 0;
+  foreach my $tt (@$t_spec)
+    {
+      my @post_compare;
+      my @dummy = @$tt;
+      my $t = \@dummy;
+      my $test_name = shift @$t;
+      my $expect = {};
+      my ($pre, $post);
+
+      # FIXME: maybe don't reset this.
+      $Global_count = 1;
+      my @args;
+      my $io_spec;
+      my %seen_type;
+      my @env_delete;
+      my $env_prefix = '';
+      my $input_pipe_cmd;
+      foreach $io_spec (@$t)
+        {
+          if (!ref $io_spec)
+            {
+              push @args, $io_spec;
+              next;
+            }
+
+          if (ref $io_spec ne 'HASH')
+            {
+              eval 'use Data::Dumper';
+              die "$program_name: $test_name: invalid entry in test spec; "
+                . "expected HASH-ref,\nbut got this:\n"
+                  . Data::Dumper->Dump ([\$io_spec], ['$io_spec']) . "\n";
+            }
+
+          my $n = keys %$io_spec;
+          die "$program_name: $test_name: spec has $n elements --"
+            . " expected 1\n"
+              if $n != 1;
+          my ($type, $val) = each %$io_spec;
+          die "$program_name: $test_name: invalid key '$type' in test spec\n"
+            if ! $Types{$type};
+
+          # Make sure there's no more than one of OUT, ERR, EXIT, etc.
+          die "$program_name: $test_name: more than one $type spec\n"
+            if $Zero_one_type{$type} and $seen_type{$type}++;
+
+          if ($type eq 'PRE' or $type eq 'POST')
+            {
+              $expect->{$type} = $val;
+              next;
+            }
+
+          if ($type eq 'CMP')
+            {
+              my $t = ref $val;
+              $t && $t eq 'ARRAY'
+                or die "$program_name: $test_name: invalid CMP spec\n";
+              @$val == 2
+                or die "$program_name: $test_name: invalid CMP list;  must have"
+                  . " exactly 2 elements\n";
+              my @cmp_files;
+              foreach my $e (@$val)
+                {
+                  my $r = ref $e;
+                  $r && $r ne 'HASH'
+                    and die "$program_name: $test_name: invalid element ($r)"
+                      . " in CMP list;  only scalars and hash references "
+                        . "are allowed\n";
+                  if ($r && $r eq 'HASH')
+                    {
+                      my $n = keys %$e;
+                      $n == 1
+                        or die "$program_name: $test_name: CMP spec has $n "
+                          . "elements -- expected 1\n";
+
+                      # Replace any '@AUX@' in the key of %$e.
+                      my ($ff, $val) = each %$e;
+                      my $new_ff = _at_replace $expect, $ff;
+                      if ($new_ff ne $ff)
+                        {
+                          $e->{$new_ff} = $val;
+                          delete $e->{$ff};
+                        }
+                    }
+                  my $cmp_file = _process_file_spec ($program_name, $test_name,
+                                                     $e, $type, \@junk_files);
+                  push @cmp_files, $cmp_file;
+                }
+              push @post_compare, [@cmp_files];
+
+              $expect->{$type} = $val;
+              next;
+            }
+
+          if ($type eq 'EXIT')
+            {
+              die "$program_name: $test_name: invalid EXIT code\n"
+                if $val !~ /^\d+$/;
+              # FIXME: make sure $data is numeric
+              $expect->{EXIT} = $val;
+              next;
+            }
+
+          if ($type =~ /^(OUT|ERR)_SUBST$/)
+            {
+              $expect->{RESULT_SUBST} ||= {};
+              $expect->{RESULT_SUBST}->{$1} = $val;
+              next;
+            }
+
+          if ($type eq 'ENV')
+            {
+              $env_prefix = "$val ";
+              next;
+            }
+
+          if ($type eq 'ENV_DEL')
+            {
+              push @env_delete, $val;
+              next;
+            }
+
+          my $file = _process_file_spec ($program_name, $test_name, $val,
+                                         $type, \@junk_files);
+
+          if ($type eq 'IN' || $type eq 'IN_PIPE')
+            {
+              my $quoted_file = _shell_quote $file;
+              if ($type eq 'IN_PIPE')
+                {
+                  defined $input_pipe_cmd
+                    and die "$program_name: $test_name: only one input"
+                      . " may be specified with IN_PIPE\n";
+                  $input_pipe_cmd = "cat $quoted_file |";
+                }
+              else
+                {
+                  push @args, $quoted_file;
+                }
+            }
+          elsif ($type eq 'AUX' || $type eq 'OUT' || $type eq 'ERR')
+            {
+              $expect->{$type} = $file;
+            }
+          else
+            {
+              die "$program_name: $test_name: invalid type: $type\n"
+            }
+        }
+
+      # Expect an exit status of zero if it's not specified.
+      $expect->{EXIT} ||= 0;
+
+      # Allow ERR to be omitted -- in that case, expect no error output.
+      foreach my $eo (qw (OUT ERR))
+        {
+          if (!exists $expect->{$eo})
+            {
+              $expect->{$eo} = _create_file ($program_name, $test_name,
+                                             undef, '');
+              push @junk_files, $expect->{$eo};
+            }
+        }
+
+      # FIXME: Does it ever make sense to specify a filename *and* contents
+      # in OUT or ERR spec?
+
+      # FIXME: this is really suboptimal...
+      my @new_args;
+      foreach my $a (@args)
+        {
+          $a = _at_replace $expect, $a;
+          push @new_args, $a;
+        }
+      @args = @new_args;
+
+      warn "$test_name...\n" if $verbose;
+      &{$expect->{PRE}} if $expect->{PRE};
+      my %actual;
+      $actual{OUT} = "$test_name.O";
+      $actual{ERR} = "$test_name.E";
+      push @junk_files, $actual{OUT}, $actual{ERR};
+      my @cmd = (@prog, @args, "> $actual{OUT}", "2> $actual{ERR}");
+      $env_prefix
+        and unshift @cmd, $env_prefix;
+      defined $input_pipe_cmd
+        and unshift @cmd, $input_pipe_cmd;
+      my $cmd_str = join (' ', @cmd);
+
+      # Delete from the environment any symbols specified by syntax
+      # like this: {ENV_DEL => 'TZ'}.
+      my %pushed_env;
+      foreach my $env_sym (@env_delete)
+        {
+          my $val = delete $ENV{$env_sym};
+          defined $val
+            and $pushed_env{$env_sym} = $val;
+        }
+
+      warn "Running command: '$cmd_str'\n" if $debug;
+      my $rc = 0xffff & system $cmd_str;
+
+      # Restore any environment setting we changed via a deletion.
+      foreach my $env_sym (keys %pushed_env)
+        {
+          $ENV{$env_sym} = $pushed_env{$env_sym};
+        }
+
+      if ($rc == 0xff00)
+        {
+          warn "$program_name: test $test_name failed: command failed:\n"
+            . "  '$cmd_str': $!\n";
+          $fail = 1;
+          goto cleanup;
+        }
+      $rc >>= 8 if $rc > 0x80;
+      if ($expect->{EXIT} != $rc)
+        {
+          warn "$program_name: test $test_name failed: exit status mismatch:"
+            . "  expected $expect->{EXIT}, got $rc\n";
+          $fail = 1;
+          goto cleanup;
+        }
+
+      my %actual_data;
+      # Record actual stdout and stderr contents, if POST may need them.
+      if ($expect->{POST})
+        {
+          foreach my $eo (qw (OUT ERR))
+            {
+              my $out_file = $actual{$eo};
+              open IN, $out_file
+                or (warn
+                    "$program_name: cannot open $out_file for reading: $!\n"),
+                  $fail = 1, next;
+              $actual_data{$eo} = <IN>;
+              close IN
+                or (warn "$program_name: failed to read $out_file: $!\n"),
+                  $fail = 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+      foreach my $eo (qw (OUT ERR))
+        {
+          my $subst_expr = $expect->{RESULT_SUBST}->{$eo};
+          if (defined $subst_expr)
+            {
+              my $out = $actual{$eo};
+              my $orig = "$out.orig";
+
+              # Move $out aside (to $orig), then recreate $out
+              # by transforming each line of $orig via $subst_expr.
+              rename $out, $orig
+                or (warn "$program_name: cannot rename $out to $orig: $!\n"),
+                  $fail = 1, next;
+              open IN, $orig
+                or (warn "$program_name: cannot open $orig for reading: $!\n"),
+                  $fail = 1, (unlink $orig), next;
+              unlink $orig
+                or (warn "$program_name: cannot unlink $orig: $!\n"),
+                  $fail = 1;
+              open OUT, ">$out"
+                or (warn "$program_name: cannot open $out for writing: $!\n"),
+                  $fail = 1, next;
+              while (defined (my $line = <IN>))
+                {
+                  eval "\$_ = \$line; $subst_expr; \$line = \$_";
+                  print OUT $line;
+                }
+              close IN;
+              close OUT
+                or (warn "$program_name: failed to write $out: $!\n"),
+                  $fail = 1, next;
+            }
+
+          my $eo_lower = lc $eo;
+          _compare_files ($program_name, $test_name, $eo_lower,
+                          $actual{$eo}, $expect->{$eo})
+            and $fail = 1;
+        }
+
+      foreach my $pair (@post_compare)
+        {
+          my ($expected, $actual) = @$pair;
+          _compare_files $program_name, $test_name, undef, $actual, $expected
+            and $fail = 1;
+        }
+
+    cleanup:
+      $expect->{POST}
+        and &{$expect->{POST}} ($actual_data{OUT}, $actual_data{ERR});
+
+    }
+
+  # FIXME: maybe unlink files inside the big foreach loop?
+  unlink @junk_files if ! $save_temps;
+
+  return $fail;
+}
+
+# For each test in @$TESTS, generate two additional tests,
+# one using stdin, the other using a pipe.  I.e., given this one
+# ['idem-0', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}],
+# generate these:
+# ['idem-0.r', '<', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}],
+# ['idem-0.p', {IN_PIPE=>''}, {OUT=>''}],
+# Generate new tests only if there is exactly one input spec.
+# The returned list of tests contains each input test, followed
+# by zero or two derived tests.
+sub triple_test($)
+{
+  my ($tests) = @_;
+  my @new;
+  foreach my $t (@$tests)
+    {
+      push @new, $t;
+
+      my @in;
+      my @args;
+      my @list_of_hash;
+      foreach my $e (@$t)
+        {
+          !ref $e
+            and push (@args, $e), next;
+
+          ref $e && ref $e eq 'HASH'
+            or (warn "$0: $t->[0]: unexpected entry type\n"), next;
+          defined $e->{IN}
+            and (push @in, $e->{IN}), next;
+          push @list_of_hash, $e;
+        }
+      # Add variants IFF there is exactly one input file.
+      @in == 1
+        or next;
+      shift @args; # discard test name
+      push @new, ["$t->[0].r", @args, '<', {IN => $in[0]}, @list_of_hash];
+      push @new, ["$t->[0].p", @args, {IN_PIPE => $in[0]}, @list_of_hash];
+    }
+  return @new;
+}
+
+## package return
+1;
diff --git a/tests/CuSkip.pm b/tests/CuSkip.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f753ad1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/CuSkip.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package CuSkip;
+# Skip a test: emit diag to log and to stderr, and exit 77
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+our $ME = $0 || "<???>";
+
+# Emit a diagnostic both to stderr and to $stderr_fileno_.
+# FIXME: don't hard-code that value (9), since it's already defined in init.cfg.
+sub skip ($)
+{
+  my ($msg) = @_;
+  my $stderr_fileno_ = 9;
+  warn $msg;
+  open FH, ">&$stderr_fileno_"
+    or warn "$ME: failed to dup stderr\n";
+  print FH $msg;
+  close FH
+    or warn "$ME: failed to close FD $stderr_fileno_\n";
+  exit 77;
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/tests/CuTmpdir.pm b/tests/CuTmpdir.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57b49fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/CuTmpdir.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+package CuTmpdir;
+# create, then chdir into a temporary sub-directory
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use File::Temp;
+use File::Find;
+
+our $ME = $0 || "<???>";
+
+my $dir;
+
+sub skip_test($)
+{
+  warn "$ME: skipping test: unsafe working directory name: '$_[0]'\n";
+  exit 77;
+}
+
+sub chmod_1
+{
+  my $name = $_;
+
+  # Skip symlinks and non-directories.
+  -l $name || !-d _
+    and return;
+
+  chmod 0700, $name;
+}
+
+sub chmod_tree
+{
+  # When tempdir fails, it croaks, which leaves $dir undefined.
+  defined $dir
+    or return;
+
+  # Perform the equivalent of find "$dir" -type d -print0|xargs -0 chmod -R 700.
+  my $options = {untaint => 1, wanted => \&chmod_1};
+  find ($options, $dir);
+}
+
+sub import {
+  my $prefix = $_[1];
+
+  $ME eq '-' && defined $prefix
+    and $ME = $prefix;
+
+  if ($prefix !~ /^\//)
+    {
+      eval 'use Cwd';
+      my $cwd = $@ ? '.' : Cwd::getcwd();
+      $prefix = "$cwd/$prefix";
+    }
+
+  # Untaint for the upcoming mkdir.
+  $prefix =~ m!^([-+\@\w./]+)$!
+    or skip_test $prefix;
+  $prefix = $1;
+
+  my $original_pid = $$;
+
+  my $on_sig_remove_tmpdir = sub {
+    my ($sig) = @_;
+    if ($$ == $original_pid and defined $dir)
+      {
+        chmod_tree;
+        # Older versions of File::Temp lack this method.
+        exists &File::Temp::cleanup
+          and &File::Temp::cleanup;
+      }
+    $SIG{$sig} = 'DEFAULT';
+    kill $sig, $$;
+  };
+
+  foreach my $sig (qw (INT TERM HUP))
+    {
+      $SIG{$sig} = $on_sig_remove_tmpdir;
+    }
+
+  $dir = File::Temp::tempdir("$prefix.tmp-XXXX", CLEANUP => 1 );
+  chdir $dir
+    or warn "$ME: failed to chdir to $dir: $!\n";
+}
+
+END {
+  # Move cwd out of the directory we're about to remove.
+  # This is required on some systems, and by some versions of File::Temp.
+  chdir '..'
+    or warn "$ME: failed to chdir to .. from $dir: $!\n";
+
+  my $saved_errno = $?;
+  chmod_tree;
+  $? = $saved_errno;
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/tests/GNUmakefile b/tests/GNUmakefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c178a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/GNUmakefile
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Provide a compatibility layer so that the commands used before the
+# conversion of tests/ to non-recursive make still work.  To do that, we
+# must rerun the "make check" from the parent, and with tests/ prefixed
+# onto any TESTS values.  The SUBDIRS=. is to prevent the top-level check
+# rules from descending into e.g., gnulib-test/.
+
+.PHONY: all
+all:
+	@echo 'tests/GNUmakefile: did you mean to make "check"?' 1>&2
+	@exit 1
+
+ifeq ($(TESTS),)
+tests =
+else
+tests = TESTS=$(addprefix tests/,$(TESTS))
+endif
+
+.PHONY: check
+check:
+	cd .. && $(MAKE) $@ $(tests) SUBDIRS=.
diff --git a/tests/chgrp/basic.sh b/tests/chgrp/basic.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c3c583a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chgrp/basic.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure chgrp is reasonable
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chgrp
+require_membership_in_two_groups_
+require_local_dir_
+
+set _ $groups; shift
+g1=$1
+g2=$2
+mkdir d
+touch f f2 d/f3
+chgrp $g1 f || fail=1
+chgrp $g2 f || fail=1
+chgrp $g2 f2 || fail=1
+chgrp -R $g1 d || fail=1
+
+d_files='d d/f3'
+
+chgrp $g1 f || fail=1  ; test $(stat --p=%g f) = $g1 || fail=1
+chgrp $g2 f || fail=1  ; test $(stat --p=%g f) = $g2 || fail=1
+chgrp $g2 f || fail=1  ; test $(stat --p=%g f) = $g2 || fail=1
+chgrp '' f  || fail=1  ; test $(stat --p=%g f) = $g2 || fail=1
+chgrp $g1 f || fail=1  ; test $(stat --p=%g f) = $g1 || fail=1
+chgrp $g1 f || fail=1  ; test $(stat --p=%g f) = $g1 || fail=1
+chgrp --reference=f2 f ; test $(stat --p=%g f) = $g2 || fail=1
+
+chgrp -R $g2 d ||fail=1; test $(stat --p=%g: $d_files) = "$g2:$g2:" || fail=1
+chgrp -R $g1 d ||fail=1; test $(stat --p=%g: $d_files) = "$g1:$g1:" || fail=1
+chgrp -R $g2 d ||fail=1; test $(stat --p=%g: $d_files) = "$g2:$g2:" || fail=1
+chgrp -R $g1 d ||fail=1; test $(stat --p=%g: $d_files) = "$g1:$g1:" || fail=1
+chgrp $g2 d    ||fail=1; test $(stat --p=%g: $d_files) = "$g2:$g1:" || fail=1
+
+rm -f f
+touch f
+ln -s f symlink
+chgrp $g1 f
+test $(stat --printf=%g f) = $g1 || fail=1
+
+# This should not change the group of f.
+chgrp -h $g2 symlink
+test $(stat --printf=%g f) = $g1 || fail=1
+
+# Don't fail if chgrp failed to set the group of a symlink.
+# Some systems don't support that.
+test $(stat --printf=%g symlink) = $g2 ||
+  echo 'info: failed to set group of symlink' 1>&2
+
+chown --from=:$g1 :$g2 f; test $(stat --printf=%g f) = $g2 || fail=1
+
+# This *should* change the group of f.
+# Though note that the diagnostic is misleading in that
+# it says the 'group of 'symlink'' has been changed.
+chgrp $g1 symlink; test $(stat --printf=%g f) = $g1 || fail=1
+chown --from=:$g1 :$g2 f; test $(stat --printf=%g f) = $g2 || fail=1
+
+# If -R is specified without -H or L, -h is assumed.
+chgrp -h $g1 f symlink; test $(stat --printf=%g symlink) = $g1 || fail=1
+chgrp -R $g2 symlink
+chown --from=:$g1 :$g2 f; test $(stat --printf=%g f) = $g2 || fail=1
+
+# Make sure we can change the group of inaccessible files.
+chmod a-r f
+chown --from=:$g2 :$g1 f; test $(stat --printf=%g f) = $g1 || fail=1
+chmod 0 f
+chown --from=:$g1 :$g2 f; test $(stat --printf=%g f) = $g2 || fail=1
+
+# chown() must not be optimized away even when
+# the file's owner and group already have the desired value.
+rm -f f g
+touch f g
+chgrp $g1 f g
+chgrp $g2 g
+sleep 1
+chgrp $g1 f
+
+# The following no-change chgrp command is supposed to update f's ctime,
+# but on OpenBSD and Darwin 7.9.0-8.11.1 (aka MacOS X 10.3.9 - 10.4.11)
+# it appears to be a no-op for some file system types (at least NFS) so g's
+# ctime is more recent.  This is not a big deal;
+# this test works fine when the files are on a local file system (/tmp).
+chgrp '' f
+test "$(ls -C -c -t f g)" = 'f  g' || \
+  {
+    case $host_triplet in
+      *openbsd*) echo ignoring known OpenBSD-specific chgrp failure 1>&2 ;;
+      *darwin7.9.*|*darwin8.*)
+        echo ignoring known MacOS X-specific chgrp failure 1>&2 ;;
+      *) echo $host_triplet: no-change chgrp failed to update ctime 1>&2;
+            fail=1 ;;
+    esac
+  }
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chgrp/default-no-deref.sh b/tests/chgrp/default-no-deref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f7c4cf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chgrp/default-no-deref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that chgrp -R does not dereference symlinks.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chgrp
+require_membership_in_two_groups_
+require_local_dir_
+
+set _ $groups; shift
+g2=$2
+
+mkdir d && touch f && ln -s ../f d/s || framework_failure_
+
+
+g_init=$(stat --printf=%g f)
+chgrp -R $g2 d || fail=1
+test $(stat --printf=%g f) = $g_init || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chgrp/deref.sh b/tests/chgrp/deref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8398733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chgrp/deref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# see if chgrp can change the group of a symlink
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chgrp
+require_membership_in_two_groups_
+
+set _ $groups; shift
+g1=$1
+g2=$2
+
+touch f
+ln -s f symlink
+
+chgrp -h $g2 symlink 2> /dev/null
+set _ $(ls -ln symlink)
+g=$5
+test "$g" = $g2 ||
+  skip_ "your system doesn't support changing the owner or group" \
+      "of a symbolic link."
+
+
+chgrp $g1 f
+set _ $(ls -ln f); g=$5; test "$g" = $g1 || fail=1
+
+chgrp -h $g2 symlink || fail=1
+set _ $(ls -ln f); g=$5; test "$g" = $g1 || fail=1
+set _ $(ls -ln symlink); g=$5; test "$g" = $g2 || fail=1
+
+# This should not change the group of f.
+chgrp -h $g2 symlink || fail=1
+set _ $(ls -ln f); g=$5; test "$g" = $g1 || fail=1
+set _ $(ls -ln symlink); g=$5; test "$g" = $g2 || fail=1
+
+chgrp $g2 f
+set _ $(ls -ln f); g=$5; test "$g" = $g2 || fail=1
+
+# This *should* change the group of f.
+# Though note that the diagnostic you'd get with -c is misleading in that
+# it says the 'group of 'symlink'' has been changed.
+chgrp --dereference $g1 symlink
+set _ $(ls -ln f); g=$5; test "$g" = $g1 || fail=1
+set _ $(ls -ln symlink); g=$5; test "$g" = $g2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chgrp/no-x.sh b/tests/chgrp/no-x.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..61888a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chgrp/no-x.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure chgrp gives the right diagnostic for a readable,
+# but inaccessible directory.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chgrp
+require_membership_in_two_groups_
+skip_if_root_
+require_local_dir_
+
+set _ $groups; shift
+g1=$1
+g2=$2
+
+mkdir -p d/no-x/y || framework_failure_
+chmod u=rw d/no-x || framework_failure_
+
+
+# This must exit nonzero.
+chgrp -R $g2 d >/dev/null 2>out && fail=1
+
+prog=chgrp
+# NOTE: this code is the same for all tests/*/no-x tests.
+# Depending on whether fts is using native fdopendir, we see one
+# of the following diagnostics (note also the /y suffix in one case):
+#   prog: 'd/no-x': Permission denied
+#   prog: cannot access 'd/no-x/y': Permission denied
+#   prog: cannot read directory 'd/no-x': Permission denied
+# Convert either of the latter two to the first one.
+sed "s/^$prog: cannot access /$prog: /" out > t && mv t out
+sed "s/^$prog: cannot read directory /$prog: /" out > t && mv t out
+sed 's,d/no-x/y,d/no-x,' out > t && mv t out
+
+cat <<EOF > exp
+$prog: 'd/no-x': Permission denied
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chgrp/posix-H.sh b/tests/chgrp/posix-H.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..42e5eef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chgrp/posix-H.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test POSIX-mandated -H option.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chgrp
+require_membership_in_two_groups_
+require_local_dir_
+
+set _ $groups; shift
+g1=$1
+g2=$2
+
+mkdir 1 2 3 || framework_failure_
+touch 1/1F 2/2F 3/3F || framework_failure_
+ln -s 1 1s || framework_failure_
+ln -s ../3 2/2s || framework_failure_
+chgrp -R $g1 1 2 3 || framework_failure_
+
+
+chgrp --preserve-root -H -R $g2 1s 2 || fail=1
+
+# These must have group $g2.
+# =========================
+changed='
+1
+1/1F
+2
+2/2F
+3
+'
+for i in $changed; do
+  # Filter out symlinks (entries that end in 's'), since it's not
+  # possible to change their group/owner information on some systems.
+  case $i in *s) continue;; esac
+  set _ $(ls -dgn $i); shift
+  group=$3
+  test $group = $g2 || fail=1
+done
+
+# These must have group $g1.
+# =========================
+not_changed='
+1s
+2/2s
+3/3F
+'
+for i in $not_changed; do
+  # Filter out symlinks (entries that end in 's'), since it's not
+  # possible to change their group/owner information on some systems.
+  case $i in *s) continue;; esac
+  set _ $(ls -dgn $i); shift
+  group=$3
+  test $group = $g1 || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chgrp/recurse.sh b/tests/chgrp/recurse.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a03b961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chgrp/recurse.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ad-hoc tests of chgrp with -R and -H or -L and symlinks
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chgrp
+require_membership_in_two_groups_
+require_local_dir_
+
+set _ $groups; shift
+g1=$1
+g2=$2
+
+
+# chgrp -R should not traverse a symlink to a directory.
+mkdir d e
+touch d/dd e/ee
+ln -s ../e d/s
+chgrp -R $g1 e/ee || fail=1
+# This should not should change the group of e/ee
+chgrp -R $g2 d
+set _ $(ls -ln e/ee); g=$5; test "$g" = $g1 || fail=1
+# This must change the group of e/ee, since -L makes
+# chgrp traverse the symlink from d/s into e.
+chgrp -L -R $g2 d
+set _ $(ls -ln e/ee); g=$5; test "$g" = $g2 || fail=1
+
+# This must *not* change the group of e/ee
+chgrp -H -R $g1 d
+set _ $(ls -ln e/ee); g=$5; test "$g" = $g2 || fail=1
+
+ln -s d link
+
+# This shouldn't change the group of e/ee either.
+chgrp -H -R $g1 link || fail=1
+set _ $(ls -ln e/ee); g=$5; test "$g" = $g2 || fail=1
+# But it *should* change d/dd.
+set _ $(ls -ln d/dd); g=$5; test "$g" = $g1 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chmod/c-option.sh b/tests/chmod/c-option.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f9deeb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chmod/c-option.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify that chmod's --changes (-c) option works.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chmod
+
+umask 0
+file=f
+touch $file || framework_failure_
+chmod 444 $file || framework_failure_
+
+skip_if_setgid_
+
+
+chmod u=rwx $file || fail=1
+chmod -c g=rwx $file > out || fail=1
+chmod -c g=rwx $file > empty || fail=1
+
+compare /dev/null empty || fail=1
+case "$(cat out)" in
+  "mode of 'f' changed from 0744 "?rwxr--r--?" to 0774 "?rwxrwxr--?) ;;
+  *) cat out; fail=1 ;;
+esac
+
+# From V5.1.0 to 8.22 this would stat the wrong file and
+# give an erroneous ENOENT diagnostic
+mkdir -p a/b || framework_failure_
+# chmod g+s might fail as detailed in setgid.sh
+# but we don't care about those edge cases here
+chmod g+s a/b
+# This should never warn, but it did when special
+# bits are set on b (the common case under test)
+chmod -c -R g+w a 2>err
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chmod/equal-x.sh b/tests/chmod/equal-x.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0e4f236
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chmod/equal-x.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test "chmod =x" and the like.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1999-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chmod
+
+file=f
+touch $file || framework_failure_
+
+umask 005
+for mode in =x =xX =Xx =x,=X =X,=x; do
+  chmod a=r,$mode $file || fail=1
+  case "$(ls -l $file)" in
+    ---x--x---*) ;;
+    *) fail=1; echo "after 'chmod $mode $file':"; ls -l $file ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chmod/equals.sh b/tests/chmod/equals.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..182474a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chmod/equals.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure chmod mode arguments of the form A=B work properly.
+# Before fileutils-4.1.2, some of them didn't.
+# Also, before coreutils-5.3.1, =[ugo] sometimes didn't work.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chmod
+
+touch f || framework_failure_
+
+
+expected_u=-rwx------
+expected_g=----rwx---
+expected_o=-------rwx
+
+for src in u g o; do
+  for dest in u g o; do
+    test $dest = $src && continue
+    chmod a=,$src=rwx,$dest=$src,$src= f || fail=1
+    actual_perms=$(ls -l f|cut -b-10)
+    expected_perms=$(eval 'echo $expected_'$dest)
+    test "$actual_perms" = "$expected_perms" || fail=1
+  done
+done
+
+umask 027
+chmod a=,u=rwx,=u f || fail=1
+actual_perms=$(ls -l f|cut -b-10)
+test "$actual_perms" = "-rwxr-x---" || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chmod/ignore-symlink.sh b/tests/chmod/ignore-symlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9bc03e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chmod/ignore-symlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test for proper exit code of chmod on a processed symlink.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2021-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chmod
+
+mkdir dir || framework_failure_
+touch dir/f || framework_failure_
+ln -s f dir/l || framework_failure_
+
+# This operation ignores symlinks but should succeed.
+chmod u+w -R dir 2> out || fail=1
+
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chmod/inaccessible.sh b/tests/chmod/inaccessible.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..70ed53b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chmod/inaccessible.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test for the bug fixed on 2006-09-20.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chmod
+
+mkdir -p d/e || framework_failure_
+chmod 0 d/e d || framework_failure_
+
+
+chmod u+rwx d d/e || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chmod/no-x.sh b/tests/chmod/no-x.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..052634d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chmod/no-x.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure chmod gives the right diagnostic for a readable,
+# but inaccessible directory.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chmod
+skip_if_root_
+
+mkdir -p d/no-x/y a/b || framework_failure_
+chmod u=rw d/no-x || framework_failure_
+
+
+# This must exit nonzero.
+chmod -R o=r d >/dev/null 2>out && fail=1
+
+prog=chmod
+# NOTE: this code is the same for all tests/*/no-x tests.
+# Depending on whether fts is using native fdopendir, we see one
+# of the following diagnostics (note also the /y suffix in one case):
+#   prog: 'd/no-x': Permission denied
+#   prog: cannot access 'd/no-x/y': Permission denied
+#   prog: cannot read directory 'd/no-x': Permission denied
+# Convert either of the latter two to the first one.
+sed "s/^$prog: cannot access /$prog: /" out > t && mv t out
+sed "s/^$prog: cannot read directory /$prog: /" out > t && mv t out
+sed 's,d/no-x/y,d/no-x,' out > t && mv t out
+
+cat <<EOF > exp
+$prog: 'd/no-x': Permission denied
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+cd a
+# This will fail with ''chmod: fts_read failed: Permission denied''
+# chmod must exit with status 1.
+# Due to a bug in coreutils-5.93's fts.c, chmod would provoke
+# an abort (exit with status 134) on recent glibc-based systems.
+returns_ 1 chmod a-x . b 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chmod/octal.sh b/tests/chmod/octal.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4d4e6a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chmod/octal.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that chmod diagnoses a certain type of invalid mode string
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chmod
+
+
+# Before coreutils-5.92, this would mistakenly succeed,
+# and act like 'chmod 0 .'.
+for mode in '0-anything' '7-anything' '8'; do
+  returns_ 1 chmod "$mode" . 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chmod/setgid.sh b/tests/chmod/setgid.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fdeb343
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chmod/setgid.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure GNU chmod works the same way as those of Solaris, HPUX, AIX
+# on directories with the setgid bit set.  Also, check that the GNU octal
+# notations work.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chmod
+
+umask 0
+mkdir -m 755 d || framework_failure_
+
+chmod g+s d 2> /dev/null && env -- test -g d ||
+  {
+    # This is required because on some systems (at least NetBSD 1.4.2A),
+    # it may happen that when you create a directory, its group isn't one
+    # to which you belong.  When that happens, the above chmod fails.  So
+    # here, upon failure, we try to set the group, then rerun the chmod command.
+
+    id_g=$(id -g) &&
+    test -n "$id_g" &&
+    chgrp "$id_g" d &&
+    chmod g+s d || framework_failure_
+  }
+
+# "chmod g+s d" does nothing on some NFS file systems.
+env -- test -g d ||
+  skip_ 'cannot create setgid directories'
+
+for mode in \
+  + - g-s 00755 000755 =755 -2000 -7022 755 0755 \
+  +2000 -5022 =7777,-5022
+do
+  chmod $mode d || fail=1
+
+  case $mode in
+    g-s | 00*755 | =755 | -2000 | -7022)
+       expected_mode=drwxr-xr-x ;;
+    *) expected_mode=drwxr-sr-x ;;
+  esac
+  ls_output=$(ls -ld d)
+  case $ls_output in
+    $expected_mode*) ;;
+    *) fail=1 ;;
+  esac
+
+  chmod =2755 d || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chmod/silent.sh b/tests/chmod/silent.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c47fae2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chmod/silent.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that chgrp, chmod, chown -f don't print some diagnostics
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chgrp chmod chown
+
+chmod -f 0   no-such 2> out && fail=1
+chgrp -f 0   no-such 2>> out && fail=1
+chown -f 0:0 no-such 2>> out && fail=1
+touch exp || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chmod/thru-dangling.sh b/tests/chmod/thru-dangling.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9953816
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chmod/thru-dangling.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test for proper error and exit code of chmod on a dangling symlink.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chmod
+
+ln -s non-existent dangle || framework_failure_
+
+
+# This operation cannot succeed since the symbolic link dangles.
+chmod 644 dangle 2> out && fail=1
+
+echo "chmod: cannot operate on dangling symlink 'dangle'" > exp
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chmod/umask-x.sh b/tests/chmod/umask-x.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..85c53a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chmod/umask-x.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test that chmod -x file reports an error if the result is executable.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chmod
+
+touch file
+chmod 755 file
+(umask 77 && returns_ 1 chmod -x file) 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chmod/usage.sh b/tests/chmod/usage.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2144230
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chmod/usage.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify that chmod works correctly with odd option combinations.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chmod
+
+
+# Each line in this list is a set of arguments, followed by :,
+# followed by the set of files it will attempt to chmod,
+# or empty if the usage is erroneous.
+# Many of these test cases are due to Glenn Fowler.
+# These test cases assume GNU behavior for "options" like -w.
+cases='
+  --         :
+  -- --      :
+  -- -- -- f : -- f
+  -- -- -w f : -w f
+  -- -- f    : f
+  -- -w      :
+  -- -w -- f : -- f
+  -- -w -w f : -w f
+  -- -w f    : f
+  -- f       :
+  -w         :
+  -w --      :
+  -w -- -- f : -- f
+  -w -- -w f : -w f
+  -w -- f    : f
+  -w -w      :
+  -w -w -- f : f
+  -w -w -w f : f
+  -w -w f    : f
+  -w f       : f
+  f          :
+  f --       :
+  f -w       : f
+  f f        :
+  u+gr f     :
+  ug,+x f    :
+'
+
+all_files=$(echo "$cases" | sed 's/.*://'|sort -u)
+
+old_IFS=$IFS
+IFS='
+'
+for case in $cases; do
+  IFS=$old_IFS
+  args=$(expr "$case" : ' *\(.*[^ ]\) *:')
+  files=$(expr "$case" : '.*: *\(.*\)')
+
+  case $files in
+  '')
+    touch -- $all_files || framework_failure_
+    returns_ 1 chmod $args 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+    ;;
+  ?*)
+    touch -- $files || framework_failure_
+    chmod $args || fail=1
+    for file in $files; do
+      # Test for misparsing args by creating all $files but $file.
+      # chmod has a bug if it succeeds even though $file is absent.
+      rm -f -- $all_files && touch -- $files && rm -- $file \
+          || framework_failure_
+      returns_ 1 chmod $args 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+    done
+    ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chown/basic.sh b/tests/chown/basic.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6f57512
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chown/basic.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure chown --from=... works
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chown
+require_root_
+
+touch f || framework_failure_
+
+chown -R --preserve-root 0:1 f
+
+# Make sure the owner and group are 0 and 1 respectively.
+set _ $(ls -n f); shift; test "$3:$4" = 0:1 || fail=1
+
+# Make sure the correct diagnostic is output
+# Note we output a name even though an id was specified.
+chown -v --from=42 43 f > out || fail=1
+printf "ownership of 'f' retained as $(id -nu)\n" > exp
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure diagnostics work for non existent files.
+returns_ 1 chown -v 0 nf > out || fail=1
+printf "failed to change ownership of 'nf' to 0\n" > exp
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+chown --from=0:1 2:010 f || fail=1
+
+# And now they should be 2 and 10 respectively.
+set _ $(ls -n f); shift; test "$3:$4" = 2:10 || fail=1
+
+ln -s f slink
+# Applying chown to a symlink with --no-dereference
+# should change only the link.
+chown --no-dereference 0:1 slink || fail=1
+# owner/group on the symlink should be set
+set _ $(ls -n slink); shift; test "$3:$4" = 0:1 || fail=1
+# owner/group on the referent should remain unchanged
+set _ $(ls -n f);     shift; test "$3:$4" = 2:10 || fail=1
+
+chown --no-dereference --from=0:1 2:010 slink || fail=1
+# owner/group on the symlink should be changed
+set _ $(ls -n slink); shift; test "$3:$4" = 2:10 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chown/deref.sh b/tests/chown/deref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..617ab2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chown/deref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# For coreutils-5.2.1 and earlier, chown --dereference would skip
+# symlinks having owner/group matching the specified owner/group.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chown
+
+ln -s no-such dangle || framework_failure_
+
+
+set _ $(ls -ldo dangle); shift; user=$3
+
+# With 5.2.1 and earlier, this command would mistakenly succeed.
+chown --dereference $user dangle 2> out1 && fail=1
+sed 's/: [^:]*$//' out1 > out
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+chown: cannot dereference 'dangle'
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chown/preserve-root.sh b/tests/chown/preserve-root.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..02665d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chown/preserve-root.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify that --preserve-root works.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chown
+skip_if_root_
+
+mkdir d && ln -s / d/slink-to-root
+
+
+# Even if --preserve-root were to malfunction, allowing the chown or
+# chgrp to traverse through "/", since we're running as non-root,
+# they would be very unlikely to cause any changes.
+chown -R --preserve-root 0 / >  out 2>&1 && fail=1
+chgrp -R --preserve-root 0 / >> out 2>&1 && fail=1
+
+# Here, if --preserve-root were to malfunction, chmod could make changes,
+# but only to files owned and unreadable by the user running this test,
+# and then, only to make them readable by owner.
+chmod -R --preserve-root u+r / >> out 2>&1 && fail=1
+
+# With -RHh, --preserve-root should trigger nothing,
+# since the symlink in question is not a command line argument.
+# Contrary to the above commands, these two should succeed.
+echo '==== test -RHh' >> out || framework_failure_
+chown -RHh --preserve-root $(id -u) d >> out 2>&1 || fail=1
+chgrp -RHh --preserve-root $(id -g) d >> out 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# These must fail.
+echo '==== test -RLh' >> out || framework_failure_
+chown -RLh --preserve-root $(id -u) d >> out 2>&1 && fail=1
+chgrp -RLh --preserve-root $(id -g) d >> out 2>&1 && fail=1
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+chown: it is dangerous to operate recursively on '/'
+chown: use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe
+chgrp: it is dangerous to operate recursively on '/'
+chgrp: use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe
+chmod: it is dangerous to operate recursively on '/'
+chmod: use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe
+==== test -RHh
+==== test -RLh
+chown: it is dangerous to operate recursively on 'd/slink-to-root' (same as '/')
+chown: use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe
+chgrp: it is dangerous to operate recursively on 'd/slink-to-root' (same as '/')
+chgrp: use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/chown/separator.sh b/tests/chown/separator.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c2e5e59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/chown/separator.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure "chown USER:GROUP FILE" works, and similar tests with separators.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chown
+
+id_u=$(id -u) || framework_failure_
+test -n "$id_u" || framework_failure_
+
+id_un=$(id -un) || framework_failure_
+test -n "$id_un" || framework_failure_
+
+id_g=$(id -g) || framework_failure_
+test -n "$id_g" || framework_failure_
+
+id_gn=$(id -gn) || framework_failure_
+test -n "$id_gn" || framework_failure_
+
+# Systems with both local and external groups with conflicting IDs,
+# were seen to fail this test erroneously with EPERM errors.
+test $(getent group | grep "^$id_gn:" | wc -l) = 1 ||
+  skip_ "group '$id_gn' not biunique: " \
+        "$(getent group | grep "^$id_gn:" | tr '\n' ',')"
+
+# FreeBSD 6.x's getgrnam fails to look up a group name containing
+# a space. On such a system, skip this test if the group name contains
+# a byte not in the portable filename character set.
+case $host_triplet in
+  *-freebsd6.*)
+    case $id_gn in
+      *[^a-zA-Z0-9._-]*) skip_ "invalid group name: $id_gn";;
+    esac;;
+  *) ;;
+esac
+
+
+chown '' . || fail=1
+
+for u in $id_u "$id_un" ''; do
+  for g in $id_g "$id_gn" ''; do
+    case $u$g in
+      *.*) seps=':' ;;
+      *)   seps=': .' ;;
+    esac
+    for sep in $seps; do
+      case $u$sep$g in
+        [0-9]*$sep) returns_ 1 chown "$u$sep$g" . 2>/dev/null || fail=1 ;;
+        *) chown "$u$sep$g" . || fail=1 ;;
+      esac
+    done
+  done
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/abuse.sh b/tests/cp/abuse.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4e65717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/abuse.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that cp does not write through a just-copied symlink
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+mkdir a b c || framework_failure_
+ln -s ../t a/1 || framework_failure_
+echo payload > b/1 || framework_failure_
+
+echo "cp: will not copy 'b/1' through just-created symlink 'c/1'" \
+  > exp || framework_failure_
+
+# Check both cases: a dangling symlink, and one pointing to a writable file.
+
+for i in dangling-dest existing-dest; do
+  test $i = existing-dest && echo i > t
+  test $i = dangling-dest && rm -f t
+
+  cp -dR a/1 b/1 c 2> out && fail=1
+
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+
+  # When the destination is a dangling symlink,
+  # ensure that cp does not create it.
+  test $i = dangling-dest \
+    && test -f t && fail=1
+
+  # When the destination symlink points to a writable file,
+  # ensure that cp does not change it.
+  test $i = existing-dest \
+    && case $(cat t) in i);; *) fail=1;; esac
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/acl.sh b/tests/cp/acl.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..152b8d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/acl.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# copy files/directories across file system boundaries
+# and make sure acls are preserved appropriately
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+require_acl_
+
+# Skip this test if cp was built without ACL support:
+grep '^#define USE_ACL 1' $CONFIG_HEADER > /dev/null ||
+  skip_ "insufficient ACL support"
+
+mkdir -p a b || framework_failure_
+touch a/file || framework_failure_
+
+# Ensure that setfacl and getfacl work on this file system.
+skip=no
+acl1=$(cd a && getfacl file) || skip=yes
+setfacl -m user:bin:rw- a/file 2> /dev/null || skip=yes
+test $skip = yes &&
+  skip_ "'.' is not on a suitable file system for this test"
+
+# copy a file without preserving permissions
+cp a/file b/ || fail=1
+acl2=$(cd b && getfacl file) || framework_failure_
+test "$acl1" = "$acl2" || fail=1
+
+# Update with acl set above
+acl1=$(cd a && getfacl file) || framework_failure_
+
+# copy a file, preserving permissions
+cp -p a/file b/ || fail=1
+acl2=$(cd b && getfacl file) || framework_failure_
+test "$acl1" = "$acl2" || fail=1
+
+# copy a file, preserving permissions, with --attributes-only
+echo > a/file || framework_failure_ # add some data
+test -s a/file || framework_failure_
+cp -p --attributes-only a/file b/ || fail=1
+compare /dev/null b/file || fail=1
+acl2=$(cd b && getfacl file) || framework_failure_
+test "$acl1" = "$acl2" || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/attr-existing.sh b/tests/cp/attr-existing.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a6ff58b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/attr-existing.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure cp --attributes-only doesn't truncate existing data
+
+# Copyright 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+printf '1' > file1 || framework_failure_
+printf '2' > file2 || framework_failure_
+printf '2' > file2.exp || framework_failure_
+
+cp --attributes-only file1 file2 || fail=1
+cmp file2 file2.exp || fail=1
+
+# coreutils v8.32 and before would remove destination files
+# if hardlinked or the source was not a regular file.
+ln file2 link2 || framework_failure_
+cp -a --attributes-only file1 file2 || fail=1
+cmp file2 file2.exp || fail=1
+
+ln -s file1 sym1 || framework_failure_
+returns_ 1 cp -a --attributes-only sym1 file2 || fail=1
+cmp file2 file2.exp || fail=1
+
+# One can still force removal though
+cp -a --remove-destination --attributes-only sym1 file2 || fail=1
+test -L file2 || fail=1
+cmp file1 file2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/backup-1.sh b/tests/cp/backup-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9c1750b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/backup-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test cp backup.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1997-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+suffix=.b
+file=F
+file_backup="$file$suffix"
+
+echo test > $file || framework_failure_
+
+# Specify both version control and suffix so the environment variables
+# (possibly set by the user running these tests) aren't used.
+cp --force --backup=simple --suffix=$suffix $file $file || fail=1
+cp -T --force --backup=simple --suffix=$suffix $file $file || fail=1
+
+test -f $file || fail=1
+test -f $file_backup || fail=1
+compare $file $file_backup > /dev/null || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/backup-dir.sh b/tests/cp/backup-dir.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..531367d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/backup-dir.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that cp -b doesn't back up directories.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+mkdir x y || framework_failure_
+
+
+cp -a x y || fail=1
+
+# This would mistakenly create a backup of y/x (y/x~) in coreutils-6.3.
+cp -ab x y || fail=1
+test -d y/x || fail=1
+test -d y/x~ && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/backup-is-src.sh b/tests/cp/backup-is-src.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..50497aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/backup-is-src.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test cp backup to source file.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+echo a > a || framework_failure_
+echo a-tilde > a~ || framework_failure_
+
+# This cp command should exit nonzero.
+cp --b=simple a~ a > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+
+sed "s,cp:,XXX:," out > out2
+
+cat > exp <<\EOF
+XXX: backing up 'a' might destroy source;  'a~' not copied
+EOF
+
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/capability.sh b/tests/cp/capability.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f67b2cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/capability.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure cp --preserves copies capabilities
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+require_root_
+working_umask_or_skip_
+
+
+grep '^#define HAVE_CAP 1' $CONFIG_HEADER > /dev/null \
+  || skip_ "configured without libcap support"
+
+(setcap --help) 2>&1 |grep 'usage: setcap' > /dev/null \
+  || skip_ "setcap utility not found"
+(getcap --help) 2>&1 |grep 'usage: getcap' > /dev/null \
+  || skip_ "getcap utility not found"
+
+
+touch file || framework_failure_
+chown $NON_ROOT_USERNAME file || framework_failure_
+
+setcap 'cap_net_bind_service=ep' file ||
+  skip_ "setcap doesn't work"
+getcap file | grep cap_net_bind_service >/dev/null ||
+  skip_ "getcap doesn't work"
+
+cp --preserve=xattr file copy1 || fail=1
+
+# Before coreutils 8.5 the capabilities would not be preserved,
+# as the owner was set _after_ copying xattrs, thus clearing any capabilities.
+cp --preserve=all   file copy2 || fail=1
+
+for file in copy1 copy2; do
+  getcap $file | grep cap_net_bind_service >/dev/null || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/copy-FMR.sh b/tests/cp/copy-FMR.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e6dcce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/copy-FMR.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Trigger a free-memory read bug in cp from coreutils-[8.11..8.19]
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+require_valgrind_
+require_perl_
+
+# Trigger FMR in fiemap logic from v8.11..v8.19
+$PERL -e 'for (1..600) { sysseek (*STDOUT, 4096, 1)' \
+  -e '&& syswrite (*STDOUT, "a" x 1024) or die "$!"}' > j || fail=1
+valgrind --quiet --error-exitcode=3 cp --reflink=never j j2 || fail=1
+cmp j j2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/cp-HL.sh b/tests/cp/cp-HL.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..54f8a79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/cp-HL.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# test cp's -H and -L options
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+mkdir src-dir dest-dir || framework_failure_
+echo f > f || framework_failure_
+ln -s f slink || framework_failure_
+ln -s no-such-file src-dir/slink || framework_failure_
+
+
+cp -H -R slink src-dir dest-dir || fail=1
+test -d src-dir || fail=1
+test -d dest-dir/src-dir || fail=1
+
+# Expect this to succeed since this slink is not a symlink
+cat dest-dir/slink > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# Expect this to fail since *this* slink is a dangling symlink.
+returns_ 1 cat dest-dir/src-dir/slink >/dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# FIXME: test -L, too.
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/cp-a-selinux.sh b/tests/cp/cp-a-selinux.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f0872bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/cp-a-selinux.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that cp -Z, -a and cp --preserve=context work properly.
+# In particular, test on a writable NFS partition.
+# Check also locally if --preserve=context, -a and --preserve=all
+# does work
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+require_root_
+require_selinux_
+
+cwd=$(pwd)
+cleanup_() { cd /; umount "$cwd/mnt"; }
+
+# This context is special: it works even when mcstransd isn't running.
+ctx='root:object_r:tmp_t'
+mls_enabled_ && ctx="$ctx:s0"
+
+# Check basic functionality - before check on fixed context mount
+touch c || framework_failure_
+chcon $ctx c || skip_ "Failed to set context: $ctx"
+cp -a c d 2>err || framework_failure_
+cp --preserve=context c e || framework_failure_
+cp --preserve=all c f || framework_failure_
+ls -Z d | grep $ctx || fail=1
+# there must be no stderr output for -a
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+ls -Z e | grep $ctx || fail=1
+ls -Z f | grep $ctx || fail=1
+rm -f f
+
+# Check handling of existing dirs which requires specific handling
+# due to recursion, and was handled incorrectly in coreutils-8.22
+# Note standard permissions are updated for existing directories
+# in the destination, so SELinux contexts should be updated too.
+mkdir -p backup/existing_dir/ || framework_failure_
+ls -Zd backup/existing_dir > ed_ctx || fail=1
+grep $ctx ed_ctx && framework_failure_
+touch backup/existing_dir/file || framework_failure_
+chcon $ctx backup/existing_dir/file || framework_failure_
+# Set the dir context to ensure it is reset
+mkdir -p --context="$ctx" restore/existing_dir || framework_failure_
+# Copy and ensure existing directories updated
+cp -a backup/. restore/ || fail=1
+ls -Zd restore/existing_dir > ed_ctx || fail=1
+grep $ctx ed_ctx &&
+  { ls -lZd restore/existing_dir; fail=1; }
+
+# Check context preserved with directories created with --parents,
+# which was not handled before coreutils-8.27
+mkdir -p parents/a/b || framework_failure_
+ls -Zd parents/a/b > ed_ctx || fail=1
+grep $ctx ed_ctx && framework_failure_
+touch parents/a/b/file || framework_failure_
+chcon $ctx parents/a/b || framework_failure_
+# Set the dir context to ensure it is reset
+mkdir -p --context="$ctx" parents_dest/parents/a || framework_failure_
+# Copy and ensure existing directories updated
+cp -r --parents --preserve=context parents/a/b/file parents_dest || fail=1
+# Check new context
+ls -Zd parents_dest/parents/a/b > ed_ctx || fail=1
+grep $ctx ed_ctx ||
+  { ls -lZd parents_dest/parents/a/b; fail=1; }
+# Check updated context
+ls -Zd parents_dest/parents/a > ed_ctx || fail=1
+grep $ctx ed_ctx &&
+  { ls -lZd parents_dest/parents/a; fail=1; }
+
+# Check restorecon (-Z) functionality for file and directory
+# Also make a dir with our known context
+mkdir c_d || framework_failure_
+chcon $ctx c_d || framework_failure_
+# Get the type of this known context for file and dir for tracing
+old_type_f=$(get_selinux_type c)
+old_type_d=$(get_selinux_type c_d)
+# Setup copies for manipulation with restorecon
+# and get the adjusted type for comparison
+cp -a c Z1 || fail=1
+cp -a c_d Z1_d || fail=1
+if restorecon Z1 Z1_d 2>restorecon.err \
+   && compare /dev/null restorecon.err; then
+  new_type_f=$(get_selinux_type Z1)
+  new_type_d=$(get_selinux_type Z1_d)
+
+  # Ensure -Z sets the type like restorecon does
+  cp -Z c Z2 || fail=1
+  cpZ_type_f=$(get_selinux_type Z2)
+  test "$cpZ_type_f" = "$new_type_f" || fail=1
+
+  # Ensure -Z overrides -a and that dirs are handled too
+  cp -aZ c Z3 || fail=1
+  cp -aZ c_d Z3_d || fail=1
+  cpaZ_type_f=$(get_selinux_type Z3)
+  cpaZ_type_d=$(get_selinux_type Z3_d)
+  test "$cpaZ_type_f" = "$new_type_f" || fail=1
+  test "$cpaZ_type_d" = "$new_type_d" || fail=1
+
+  # Ensure -Z sets the type for existing files
+  mkdir -p existing/c_d || framework_failure_
+  touch existing/c || framework_failure_
+  cp -aZ c c_d existing || fail=1
+  cpaZ_type_f=$(get_selinux_type existing/c)
+  cpaZ_type_d=$(get_selinux_type existing/c_d)
+  test "$cpaZ_type_f" = "$new_type_f" || fail=1
+  test "$cpaZ_type_d" = "$new_type_d" || fail=1
+fi
+
+skip=0
+# Create a file system, then mount it with the context=... option.
+dd if=/dev/zero of=blob bs=8192 count=200    || skip=1
+mkdir mnt                                    || skip=1
+mkfs -t ext2 -F blob ||
+  skip_ "failed to create an ext2 file system"
+
+mount -oloop,context=$ctx blob mnt           || skip=1
+test $skip = 1 \
+  && skip_ "insufficient mount/ext2 support"
+
+cd mnt                                       || framework_failure_
+
+# Create files with hopefully different contexts
+echo > ../f                                  || framework_failure_
+echo > g                                     || framework_failure_
+test "$(stat -c%C ../f)" = "$(stat -c%C g)" &&
+  skip_ "files on separate file systems have the same security context"
+
+# /bin/cp from coreutils-6.7-3.fc7 would fail this test by letting cp
+# succeed (giving no diagnostics), yet leaving the destination file empty.
+cp -a ../f g 2>err || fail=1
+test -s g       || fail=1     # The destination file must not be empty.
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# =====================================================
+# Here, we expect cp to succeed and not warn with "Operation not supported"
+rm -f g
+echo > g
+cp --preserve=all ../f g 2>err || fail=1
+test -s g || fail=1
+grep "Operation not supported" err && fail=1
+
+# =====================================================
+# The same as above except destination does not exist
+rm -f g
+cp --preserve=all ../f g 2>err || fail=1
+test -s g || fail=1
+grep "Operation not supported" err && fail=1
+
+# An alternative to the following approach would be to run in a confined
+# domain (maybe creating/loading it) that lacks the required permissions
+# to the file type.
+# Note: this test could also be run by a regular (non-root) user in an
+# NFS mounted directory.  When doing that, I get this diagnostic:
+# cp: failed to set the security context of 'g' to 'system_u:object_r:nfs_t': \
+#   Operation not supported
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+cp: failed to set the security context of
+EOF
+
+rm -f g
+echo > g
+# =====================================================
+# Here, we expect cp to fail, because it cannot set the SELinux
+# security context through NFS or a mount with fixed context.
+cp --preserve=context ../f g 2> out && fail=1
+# Here, we *do* expect the destination to be empty.
+compare /dev/null g || fail=1
+sed "s/ .g'.*//" out > k
+mv k out
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+rm -f g
+echo > g
+# Check if -a option doesn't silence --preserve=context option diagnostics
+cp -a --preserve=context ../f g 2> out2 && fail=1
+# Here, we *do* expect the destination to be empty.
+compare /dev/null g || fail=1
+sed "s/ .g'.*//" out2 > k
+mv k out2
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+for no_g_cmd in '' 'rm -f g'; do
+  # restorecon equivalent.  Note even though the context
+  # returned from matchpathcon() will not match $ctx
+  # the resulting ENOTSUP warning will be suppressed.
+
+   # With absolute path
+  $no_g_cmd
+  cp -Z ../f $(realpath g) || fail=1
+   # With relative path
+  $no_g_cmd
+  cp -Z ../f g || fail=1
+   # -Z overrides -a
+  $no_g_cmd
+  cp -Z -a ../f g || fail=1
+   # -Z doesn't take an arg
+  $no_g_cmd
+  returns_ 1 cp -Z "$ctx" ../f g || fail=1
+
+  # Explicit context
+  $no_g_cmd
+   # Explicitly defaulting to the global $ctx should work
+  cp --context="$ctx" ../f g || fail=1
+   # --context overrides -a
+  $no_g_cmd
+  cp -a --context="$ctx" ../f g || fail=1
+done
+
+# Mutually exclusive options
+returns_ 1 cp -Z --preserve=context ../f g || fail=1
+returns_ 1 cp --preserve=context -Z ../f g || fail=1
+returns_ 1 cp --preserve=context --context="$ctx" ../f g || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/cp-deref.sh b/tests/cp/cp-deref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b5eed20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/cp-deref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# cp -RL dir1 dir2' must handle the case in which each of dir1 and dir2
+# contain a symlink pointing to some third directory.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+mkdir a b c d || framework_failure_
+ln -s ../c a || framework_failure_
+ln -s ../c b || framework_failure_
+
+
+# Before coreutils-5.94, the following would fail with this message:
+# cp: will not create hard link 'd/b/c' to directory 'd/a/c'
+cp -RL a b d || fail=1
+test -d a/c || fail=1
+test -d b/c || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/cp-i.sh b/tests/cp/cp-i.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f2cafa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/cp-i.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test whether cp -i prompts in the right place.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+mkdir -p a b/a/c || framework_failure_
+touch a/c || framework_failure_
+
+
+# coreutils 6.2 cp would neglect to prompt in this case.
+echo n | cp -iR a b 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+# test miscellaneous combinations of -f -i -n parameters
+touch c d || framework_failure_
+echo "'c' -> 'd'" > out_copy
+> out_empty
+
+# ask for overwrite, answer no
+echo n | cp -vi  c d 2>/dev/null > out1 || fail=1
+compare out1 out_empty || fail=1
+
+# ask for overwrite, answer yes
+echo y | cp -vi  c d 2>/dev/null > out2 || fail=1
+compare out2 out_copy  || fail=1
+
+# -i wins over -n
+echo y | cp -vni c d 2>/dev/null > out3 || fail=1
+compare out3 out_copy  || fail=1
+
+# -n wins over -i
+echo y | cp -vin c d 2>/dev/null > out4 || fail=1
+compare out4 out_empty || fail=1
+
+# ask for overwrite, answer yes
+echo y | cp -vfi c d 2>/dev/null > out5 || fail=1
+compare out5 out_copy  || fail=1
+
+# do not ask, prevent from overwrite
+echo n | cp -vfn c d 2>/dev/null > out6 || fail=1
+compare out6 out_empty || fail=1
+
+# do not ask, prevent from overwrite
+echo n | cp -vnf c d 2>/dev/null > out7 || fail=1
+compare out7 out_empty || fail=1
+
+# options --backup and --no-clobber are mutually exclusive
+returns_ 1 cp -bn c d 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/cp-mv-backup.sh b/tests/cp/cp-mv-backup.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..36f6501
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/cp-mv-backup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test basic --backup functionality for both cp and mv.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1999-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+umask 022
+
+# Be careful to close $actual before removing the containing directory.
+# Use '1>&2' rather than '1<&-' since the latter appears not to work
+# with /bin/sh from powerpc-ibm-aix4.2.0.0.
+
+actual=actual
+expected=expected
+
+exec 3>&1 1> $actual
+
+for prog in cp mv; do
+  for initial_files in 'x' 'x y' 'x y y~' 'x y y.~1~' 'x y y~ y.~1~'; do
+    for opt in none off  numbered t  existing nil  simple never; do
+      touch $initial_files
+        $prog --backup=$opt x y || fail=1
+      echo $initial_files $opt: $(ls [xy]*); rm -f x y y~ y.~?~
+    done
+  done
+done
+
+cat <<\EOF > $expected-tmp
+x none: x y
+x off: x y
+x numbered: x y
+x t: x y
+x existing: x y
+x nil: x y
+x simple: x y
+x never: x y
+x y none: x y
+x y off: x y
+x y numbered: x y y.~1~
+x y t: x y y.~1~
+x y existing: x y y~
+x y nil: x y y~
+x y simple: x y y~
+x y never: x y y~
+x y y~ none: x y y~
+x y y~ off: x y y~
+x y y~ numbered: x y y.~1~ y~
+x y y~ t: x y y.~1~ y~
+x y y~ existing: x y y~
+x y y~ nil: x y y~
+x y y~ simple: x y y~
+x y y~ never: x y y~
+x y y.~1~ none: x y y.~1~
+x y y.~1~ off: x y y.~1~
+x y y.~1~ numbered: x y y.~1~ y.~2~
+x y y.~1~ t: x y y.~1~ y.~2~
+x y y.~1~ existing: x y y.~1~ y.~2~
+x y y.~1~ nil: x y y.~1~ y.~2~
+x y y.~1~ simple: x y y.~1~ y~
+x y y.~1~ never: x y y.~1~ y~
+x y y~ y.~1~ none: x y y.~1~ y~
+x y y~ y.~1~ off: x y y.~1~ y~
+x y y~ y.~1~ numbered: x y y.~1~ y.~2~ y~
+x y y~ y.~1~ t: x y y.~1~ y.~2~ y~
+x y y~ y.~1~ existing: x y y.~1~ y.~2~ y~
+x y y~ y.~1~ nil: x y y.~1~ y.~2~ y~
+x y y~ y.~1~ simple: x y y.~1~ y~
+x y y~ y.~1~ never: x y y.~1~ y~
+EOF
+
+sed 's/: x/:/' $expected-tmp |cat $expected-tmp - > $expected
+
+exec 1>&3 3>&-
+
+compare $expected $actual || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/cp-mv-enotsup-xattr.sh b/tests/cp/cp-mv-enotsup-xattr.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9164c6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/cp-mv-enotsup-xattr.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that mv, cp -a and cp --preserve=xattr(all) options do work
+# as expected on file systems without their support and do show correct
+# diagnostics when required
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp mv
+
+require_root_
+
+cwd=$(pwd)
+cleanup_() { cd /; umount "$cwd/noxattr"; umount "$cwd/xattr"; }
+
+skip=0
+
+# Mount an ext2 loopback file system at $WHERE with $OPTS
+make_fs() {
+  where="$1"
+  opts="$2"
+
+  fs="$where.bin"
+
+  dd if=/dev/zero of="$fs" bs=8192 count=200 > /dev/null 2>&1 \
+                                                 || skip=1
+  mkdir "$where"                                 || skip=1
+  mkfs -t ext2 -F "$fs" ||
+    skip_ "failed to create ext2 file system"
+  mount -oloop,$opts "$fs" "$where"              || skip=1
+  echo test > "$where"/f                         || skip=1
+  test -s "$where"/f                             || skip=1
+
+  test $skip = 1 &&
+    skip_ "insufficient mount/ext2 support"
+}
+
+make_fs noxattr nouser_xattr
+make_fs xattr   user_xattr
+
+# testing xattr name-value pair
+xattr_name="user.foo"
+xattr_value="bar"
+xattr_pair="$xattr_name=\"$xattr_value\""
+
+echo test > xattr/a || framework_failure_
+getfattr -d xattr/a >out_a || skip_ "failed to get xattr of file"
+grep -F "$xattr_pair" out_a >/dev/null && framework_failure_
+setfattr -n "$xattr_name" -v "$xattr_value" xattr/a >out_a \
+  || skip_ "failed to set xattr of file"
+getfattr -d xattr/a >out_a || skip_ "failed to get xattr of file"
+grep -F "$xattr_pair" out_a >/dev/null \
+  || skip_ "failed to set xattr of file"
+
+
+# This should pass without diagnostics
+cp -a xattr/a noxattr/ 2>err || fail=1
+test -s noxattr/a   || fail=1  # destination file must not be empty
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+rm -f err noxattr/a
+
+# This should pass without diagnostics (new file)
+cp --preserve=all xattr/a noxattr/ 2>err || fail=1
+test -s noxattr/a   || fail=1  # destination file must not be empty
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# This should pass without diagnostics (existing file)
+cp --preserve=all xattr/a noxattr/ 2>err || fail=1
+test -s noxattr/a   || fail=1  # destination file must not be empty
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+rm -f err noxattr/a
+
+# This should fail with corresponding diagnostics
+cp -a --preserve=xattr xattr/a noxattr/ 2>err && fail=1
+if grep '^#define USE_XATTR 1' $CONFIG_HEADER > /dev/null; then
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+cp: setting attributes for 'noxattr/a': Operation not supported
+EOF
+else
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+cp: cannot preserve extended attributes, cp is built without xattr support
+EOF
+fi
+
+compare exp err     || fail=1
+
+rm -f err noxattr/a
+
+# This should pass without diagnostics
+mv xattr/a noxattr/ 2>err || fail=1
+test -s noxattr/a         || fail=1  # destination file must not be empty
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# This should pass and copy xattrs of the symlink
+# since the xattrs used here are not in the 'user.' namespace.
+# Up to and including coreutils-8.22 xattrs of symlinks
+# were not copied across file systems.
+ln -s 'foo' xattr/symlink || framework_failure_
+# Note 'user.' namespace is only supported on regular files/dirs
+# so use the 'trusted.' namespace here
+txattr='trusted.overlay.whiteout'
+if setfattr -hn "$txattr" -v y xattr/symlink; then
+  # Note only root can read the 'trusted.' namespace
+  if getfattr -h -m- -d xattr/symlink | grep -F "$txattr"; then
+    mv xattr/symlink noxattr/ 2>err || fail=1
+    if grep '^#define USE_XATTR 1' $CONFIG_HEADER > /dev/null; then
+      getfattr -h -m- -d noxattr/symlink | grep -F "$txattr" || fail=1
+    fi
+    compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+  else
+    echo "failed to get '$txattr' xattr. skipping symlink check" >&2
+  fi
+else
+  echo "failed to set '$txattr' xattr. skipping symlink check" >&2
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/cp-parents.sh b/tests/cp/cp-parents.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9644469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/cp-parents.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+working_umask_or_skip_
+
+# Run the setgid check from the just-created directory.
+skip_if_setgid_
+
+{
+  mkdir foo bar
+  mkdir -p a/b/c d e g
+  ln -s d/a sym
+  touch f
+} || framework_failure_
+
+# With 4.0.37 and earlier (back to when?), this would fail
+# with the failed assertion from dirname.c due to the trailing slash.
+cp -R --parents foo/ bar || fail=1
+
+# Exercise the make_path and re_protect code in cp.c.
+# FIXME: compare verbose output with expected output.
+cp --verbose -a --parents a/b/c d > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+test -d d/a/b/c || fail=1
+
+# With 6.7 and earlier, cp --parents f/g d would mistakenly create a
+# directory d/f, even though f is a regular file.
+returns_ 1 cp --parents f/g d 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+test -d d/f && fail=1
+
+# Check that re_protect works.
+chmod go=w d/a || framework_failure_
+cp -a --parents d/a/b/c e || fail=1
+cp -a --parents sym/b/c g || fail=1
+p=$(ls -ld e/d|cut -b-10); case $p in drwxr-xr-x);; *) fail=1;; esac
+p=$(ls -ld e/d/a|cut -b-10); case $p in drwx-w--w-);; *) fail=1;; esac
+p=$(ls -ld g/sym|cut -b-10); case $p in drwx-w--w-);; *) fail=1;; esac
+p=$(ls -ld e/d/a/b/c|cut -b-10); case $p in drwxr-xr-x);; *) fail=1;; esac
+p=$(ls -ld g/sym/b/c|cut -b-10); case $p in drwxr-xr-x);; *) fail=1;; esac
+
+# Before 8.25 cp --parents --no-preserve=mode would copy
+# the mode bits from the source directories
+{
+  mkdir -p np/b &&
+  chmod 0700 np &&
+  touch np/b/file &&
+  chmod 775 np/b/file &&
+  mkdir np_dest
+} || framework_failure_
+cp --parents --no-preserve=mode np/b/file np_dest/ || fail=1
+p=$(ls -ld np_dest/np|cut -b-10); case $p in drwxr-xr-x);; *) fail=1;; esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/cross-dev-symlink.sh b/tests/cp/cross-dev-symlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f7df222
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/cross-dev-symlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure symlinks can be replaced across devices
+
+# Copyright (C) 2018-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+require_root_
+
+cwd=$(pwd)
+cleanup_() { cd /; umount "$cwd/mnt"; }
+
+truncate -s100M fs.img || framework_failure_
+mkfs -t ext4 fs.img    || skip_ 'failed to create ext4 file system'
+mkdir mnt              || framework_failure_
+mount fs.img mnt       || skip_ 'failed to mount ext4 file system'
+
+mkdir mnt/path1 || framework_failure_
+touch mnt/path1/file || framework_failure_
+mkdir path2 || framework_failure_
+cd path2 && ln -s ../mnt/path1/file || framework_failure_
+
+cp -dsf ../mnt/path1/file . || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/deref-slink.sh b/tests/cp/deref-slink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c7561c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/deref-slink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Demonstrate bug when using -d with an existing destination file
+# that is a symlink.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+touch f slink-target || framework_failure_
+ln -s slink-target slink || framework_failure_
+
+cp -d f slink || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/dir-rm-dest.sh b/tests/cp/dir-rm-dest.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c784abb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/dir-rm-dest.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# verify cp's --remove-destination option
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+mkdir d e || framework_failure_
+
+# Do it once with no destination...
+cp -R --remove-destination d e || fail=1
+
+# ...and again, with an existing destination.
+cp -R --remove-destination d e || fail=1
+
+# verify no ELOOP which was the case in <= 8.29
+ln -s loop loop || framework_failure_
+touch file || framework_failure_
+cp --remove-destination file loop || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/dir-slash.sh b/tests/cp/dir-slash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e3e5a1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/dir-slash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure that cp -R DIR1 DIR2 does the right thing
+# when DIR1 is written with a trailing slash.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+mkdir dir1 dir2 || framework_failure_
+touch dir1/file || framework_failure_
+
+cp -R dir1/ dir2 || fail=1
+
+# This file should not exist, but it did with fileutils-4.0w.
+test -r dir2/file && fail=1
+
+# These two should.
+test -r dir2/dir1/file || fail=1
+test -r dir1/file || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/dir-vs-file.sh b/tests/cp/dir-vs-file.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7f33501
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/dir-vs-file.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# A directory may not replace an existing file.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+mkdir dir || framework_failure_
+touch file || framework_failure_
+
+
+# In 4.0.35, this cp invocation silently succeeded.
+returns_ 1 cp -R dir file 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+# Make sure file is not replaced with a directory.
+# In 4.0.35, it was.
+test -f file || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/existing-perm-dir.sh b/tests/cp/existing-perm-dir.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..46d73a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/existing-perm-dir.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure cp -p doesn't "restore" permissions it shouldn't (Bug#9170).
+
+# Copyright 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+umask 002
+mkdir -p -m ug-s,u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rx src/dir || fail=1
+mkdir -p -m ug-s,u=rwx,g=,o= dst/dir || fail=1
+
+cp -r src/. dst/ || fail=1
+
+mode=$(stat --p=%A dst/dir)
+test "$mode" = drwx------ || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/existing-perm-race.sh b/tests/cp/existing-perm-race.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9c35426
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/existing-perm-race.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure cp -p isn't too generous with existing file permissions.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+require_membership_in_two_groups_
+
+# cp -p gives ENOTSUP on NFS on Linux 2.6.9 at least
+require_local_dir_
+
+require_no_default_acl_ .
+
+set _ $groups; shift
+g1=$1
+g2=$2
+
+
+umask 077
+mkfifo_or_skip_ fifo
+
+touch fifo-copy &&
+chgrp $g1 fifo &&
+chgrp $g2 fifo-copy &&
+chmod g+r fifo-copy || framework-failure
+
+# Terminate any background cp process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+# Copy a fifo's contents.  That way, we can examine the
+# destination permissions before they're finalized.
+cp -p --copy-contents fifo fifo-copy & pid=$!
+
+(
+  # Now 'cp' is reading the fifo.  Wait for the destination file to
+  # be written to, encouraging things along by echoing to the fifo.
+  while test ! -s fifo-copy; do
+    echo foo
+  done
+
+  # Check the permissions of the destination.
+  ls -l -n fifo-copy >ls.out &&
+
+  # Close the fifo so that "cp" can continue.  But output first,
+  # before exiting, otherwise some shells would optimize away the file
+  # descriptor that holds the fifo open.
+  echo foo
+) >fifo || fail=1
+
+# Check that the destination mode is safe while the file is being copied.
+read mode links owner group etc <ls.out || fail=1
+case $mode in
+  -rw-------*) ;;
+
+  # FIXME: Remove the following case; the file mode should always be
+  # 600 while the data are being copied.  This will require changing
+  # cp so that it also does not put $g1's data in a file that is
+  # accessible to $g2.  This fix will not close a security hole, since
+  # a $g2 process can maintain an open file descriptor to the
+  # destination, but it's safer anyway.
+  -rw-r-----*)
+    # If the file has group $g1 and is group-readable, that is definitely bogus,
+    # as neither the source nor the destination was readable to group $g1.
+    test "$group" = "$g1" && fail=1;;
+
+  *) fail=1;;
+esac
+
+wait $pid || fail=1
+
+# Check that the final mode and group are right.
+ls -l -n fifo-copy >ls.out &&
+read mode links owner group etc <ls.out || fail=1
+case $mode in
+  -rw-------*) test "$group" = "$g1" || fail=1;;
+  *) fail=1;;
+esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/fail-perm.sh b/tests/cp/fail-perm.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b41c5ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/fail-perm.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+skip_if_root_
+
+chmod g-s . || framework_failure_
+mkdir D D/D || framework_failure_
+touch D/a || framework_failure_
+chmod 0 D/a || framework_failure_
+chmod u=rx,go=,-st D || framework_failure_
+
+
+# This is expected to exit non-zero, because it can't read D/a.
+returns_ 1 cp -pR D DD > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# Permissions on DD must be 'dr-x------'
+
+mode=$(ls -ld DD|cut -b-10)
+test "$mode" = dr-x------ || fail=1
+
+chmod 0 D
+ln -s D/D symlink
+touch F
+cat > exp <<\EOF
+cp: cannot stat 'symlink': Permission denied
+EOF
+
+cp F symlink 2> out && fail=1
+# HPUX appears to fail with EACCES rather than EPERM.
+# Transform their diagnostic
+#   ...: The file access permissions do not allow the specified action.
+# to the expected one:
+sed 's/: The file access permissions.*/: Permission denied/'<out>o1;mv o1 out
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+cp --no-target-directory F symlink 2> out && fail=1
+sed 's/: The file access permissions.*/: Permission denied/'<out>o1;mv o1 out
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+cat > exp <<\EOF
+cp: target directory 'symlink': Permission denied
+EOF
+
+cp --target-directory=symlink F 2> out && fail=1
+sed 's/: The file access permissions.*/: Permission denied/'<out>o1;mv o1 out
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+chmod 700 D
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/file-perm-race.sh b/tests/cp/file-perm-race.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..14fa27e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/file-perm-race.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure cp -p isn't too generous with file permissions.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+# cp -p gives ENOTSUP on NFS on Linux 2.6.9 at least
+require_local_dir_
+
+umask 022
+mkfifo_or_skip_ fifo
+
+# Terminate any background cp process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+# Copy a fifo's contents.  That way, we can examine the
+# destination permissions before they're finalized.
+cp -p --copy-contents fifo fifo-copy & pid=$!
+
+(
+  # Now 'cp' is reading the fifo.  Wait for the destination file to
+  # be created, encouraging things along by echoing to the fifo.
+  while test ! -f fifo-copy; do
+    echo foo
+  done
+
+  # Check the permissions of the destination.
+  ls -l fifo-copy >ls.out
+
+  # Close the fifo so that "cp" can continue.  But output first,
+  # before exiting, otherwise some shells would optimize away the file
+  # descriptor that holds the fifo open.
+  echo foo
+) >fifo
+
+case $(cat ls.out) in
+-???------*) ;;
+*) fail=1;;
+esac
+
+wait $pid || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/into-self.sh b/tests/cp/into-self.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cfd3640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/into-self.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Confirm that copying a directory into itself gets a proper diagnostic.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# In 4.0.35 and earlier, 'mkdir dir && cp -R dir dir' would produce this:
+#   cp: won't create hard link 'dir/dir/dir' to directory ''
+# Now it gives this:
+#   cp: can't copy a directory 'dir' into itself 'dir/dir'
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+mkdir a dir || framework_failure_
+
+
+# This command should exit nonzero.
+cp -R dir dir 2> out && fail=1
+echo 1 >> out
+
+# This should, too.  However, with coreutils-7.1 it would infloop.
+cp -rl dir dir 2>> out && fail=1
+echo 2 >> out
+
+cp -rl a dir dir 2>> out && fail=1
+echo 3 >> out
+cp -rl a dir dir 2>> out && fail=1
+echo 4 >> out
+
+cat > exp <<\EOF
+cp: cannot copy a directory, 'dir', into itself, 'dir/dir'
+1
+cp: cannot copy a directory, 'dir', into itself, 'dir/dir'
+2
+cp: cannot copy a directory, 'dir', into itself, 'dir/dir'
+3
+cp: cannot copy a directory, 'dir', into itself, 'dir/dir'
+4
+EOF
+#'
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/link-deref.sh b/tests/cp/link-deref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e0eded5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/link-deref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise cp --link's behavior regarding the dereferencing of symbolic links.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+if { grep '^#define HAVE_LINKAT 1' "$CONFIG_HEADER" > /dev/null \
+     && grep '#undef LINKAT_SYMLINK_NOTSUP' "$CONFIG_HEADER" > /dev/null; } \
+   || grep '^#define LINK_FOLLOWS_SYMLINKS 0' "$CONFIG_HEADER" > /dev/null; then
+  # With this config cp will attempt to linkat() to hardlink a symlink.
+  # So now double check the current file system supports this operation.
+  ln -s testtarget test_sl || framework_failure_
+  ln -P test_sl test_hl_sl || framework_failure_
+  ino_sl="$(stat -c '%i' test_sl)" || framework_failure_
+  ino_hl="$(stat -c '%i' test_hl_sl)" || framework_failure_
+  test "$ino_sl" = "$ino_hl" && can_hardlink_to_symlink=1
+fi
+
+mkdir dir              || framework_failure_
+> file                 || framework_failure_
+ln -s dir     dirlink  || framework_failure_
+ln -s file    filelink || framework_failure_
+ln -s nowhere danglink || framework_failure_
+
+# printf format of the output line.
+outformat='%s|result=%s|inode=%s|type=%s|error=%s\n'
+
+for src in dirlink filelink danglink; do
+  # Get symlink's target.
+  tgt=$(readlink $src) || framework_failure_
+  # Get inodes and file type of the symlink (src) and its target (tgt).
+  # Note: this will fail for 'danglink'; catch it.
+  ino_src="$(stat -c '%i' $src)" || framework_failure_
+  typ_src="$(stat -c '%F' $src)" || framework_failure_
+  ino_tgt="$(stat -c '%i' $tgt 2>/dev/null)" || ino_tgt=
+  typ_tgt="$(stat -c '%F' $tgt 2>/dev/null)" || typ_tgt=
+
+  for o in '' -L -H -P; do
+
+    # Skip the -P case where we don't or can't hardlink symlinks
+    ! test "$can_hardlink_to_symlink" && test "$o" = '-P' && continue
+
+    for r in '' -R; do
+
+      command="cp --link $o $r $src dst"
+      $command 2> err
+      result=$?
+
+      # Get inode and file type of the destination (which may fail, too).
+      ino_dst="$(stat -c '%i' dst 2>/dev/null)" || ini_dst=
+      typ_dst="$(stat -c '%F' dst 2>/dev/null)" || typ_dst=
+
+      # Print the actual result in a certain format.
+      printf "$outformat" \
+        "$command"   \
+        "$result"   \
+        "$ino_dst"  \
+        "$typ_dst"  \
+        "$(cat err)"  \
+        > out
+
+      # What was expected?
+      if [ "$o" = "-P" ]; then
+        # cp --link should not dereference if -P is given.
+        exp_result=0
+        exp_inode=$ino_src
+        exp_ftype=$typ_src
+        exp_error=
+      elif [ "$src" = 'danglink' ]; then
+        # Dereferencing should fail for the 'danglink'.
+        exp_result=1
+        exp_inode=
+        exp_ftype=
+        exp_error="cp: cannot stat 'danglink': No such file or directory"
+      elif [ "$src" = 'dirlink' ] && [ "$r" != '-R' ]; then
+        # Dereferencing should fail for the 'dirlink' without -R.
+        exp_result=1
+        exp_inode=
+        exp_ftype=
+        exp_error="cp: -r not specified; omitting directory 'dirlink'"
+      elif [ "$src" = 'dirlink' ]; then
+        # cp --link -R 'dirlink' should create a new directory.
+        exp_result=0
+        exp_inode=$ino_dst
+        exp_ftype=$typ_dst
+        exp_error=
+      else
+        # cp --link 'filelink' should create a hard link to the target.
+        exp_result=0
+        exp_inode=$ino_tgt
+        exp_ftype=$typ_tgt
+        exp_error=
+      fi
+
+      # Print the expected result in a certain format.
+      printf "$outformat" \
+        "$command"   \
+        "$exp_result" \
+        "$exp_inode"  \
+        "$exp_ftype"  \
+        "$exp_error"  \
+        > exp
+
+      compare exp out || { ls -lid $src $tgt dst; fail=1; }
+
+      rm -rf dst err exp out || framework_failure_
+    done
+  done
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/link-heap.sh b/tests/cp/link-heap.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..52aaa85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/link-heap.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that cp --preserve=link --link doesn't waste heap
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+expensive_
+
+# Determine basic amount of memory needed for 'cp -al'.
+touch f || framework_failure_
+vm=$(get_min_ulimit_v_ cp -al f f2) \
+  || skip_ "this shell lacks ulimit support"
+rm f f2 || framework_failure_
+
+a=$(printf %031d 0)
+b=$(printf %031d 1)
+(mkdir $a \
+   && cd $a \
+   && seq --format=%031g 10000 |xargs touch \
+   && seq --format=d%030g 10000 |xargs mkdir ) || framework_failure_
+cp -al $a $b || framework_failure_
+mkdir e || framework_failure_
+mv $a $b e || framework_failure_
+
+# Allow cp(1) to use 4MiB more virtual memory than for the above trivial case.
+(ulimit -v $(($vm+4000)) && cp -al e f) || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/link-no-deref.sh b/tests/cp/link-no-deref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..97d52fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/link-no-deref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that cp --link --no-dereference works properly
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+ln -s no-such-file dangling-slink || framework_failure_
+
+
+# Prior to coreutils-6.0, this would fail on non-Linux kernels,
+# with link being applied to the dangling symlink.
+cp --link --no-dereference dangling-slink d2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/link-preserve.sh b/tests/cp/link-preserve.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4747432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/link-preserve.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that 'cp -d' preserves hard-links between command line arguments
+# ensure that --preserve=links works with -RH and -RL
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+touch a || framework_failure_
+ln a b || framework_failure_
+mkdir c || framework_failure_
+cp -d a b c || framework_failure_
+test -f c/a || framework_failure_
+test -f c/b || framework_failure_
+
+
+a_inode=$(ls -i c/a|sed 's,c/.*,,')
+b_inode=$(ls -i c/b|sed 's,c/.*,,')
+test "$a_inode" = "$b_inode" || fail=1
+# --------------------------------------
+
+rm -rf a b c
+touch a
+ln -s a b
+mkdir c
+cp --preserve=links -R -H a b c || fail=1
+a_inode=$(ls -i c/a|sed 's,c/.*,,')
+b_inode=$(ls -i c/b|sed 's,c/.*,,')
+test "$a_inode" = "$b_inode" || fail=1
+# --------------------------------------
+
+# Ensure that -L makes cp follow the b->a symlink
+# and translates to hard-linked a and b in the destination dir.
+rm -rf a b c d; mkdir d; (cd d; touch a; ln -s a b)
+cp --preserve=links -R -L d c || fail=1
+a_inode=$(ls -i c/a|sed 's,c/.*,,')
+b_inode=$(ls -i c/b|sed 's,c/.*,,')
+test "$a_inode" = "$b_inode" || fail=1
+# --------------------------------------
+
+# Same as above, but starting with a/b hard linked.
+rm -rf a b c d; mkdir d; (cd d; touch a; ln a b)
+cp --preserve=links -R -L d c || fail=1
+a_inode=$(ls -i c/a|sed 's,c/.*,,')
+b_inode=$(ls -i c/b|sed 's,c/.*,,')
+test "$a_inode" = "$b_inode" || fail=1
+# --------------------------------------
+
+# Ensure that --no-preserve=links works.
+rm -rf a b c d; mkdir d; (cd d; touch a; ln a b)
+cp -dR --no-preserve=links d c || fail=1
+a_inode=$(ls -i c/a|sed 's,c/.*,,')
+b_inode=$(ls -i c/b|sed 's,c/.*,,')
+test "$a_inode" = "$b_inode" && fail=1
+# --------------------------------------
+
+# Ensure that -d still preserves hard links.
+rm -rf a b c d
+touch a; ln a b
+mkdir c
+cp -d a b c || fail=1
+a_inode=$(ls -i c/a|sed 's,c/.*,,')
+b_inode=$(ls -i c/b|sed 's,c/.*,,')
+test "$a_inode" = "$b_inode" || fail=1
+# --------------------------------------
+
+# Ensure that --no-preserve=mode works
+rm -rf a b c d
+touch a; chmod 731 a
+umask 077
+cp -a --no-preserve=mode a b || fail=1
+mode=$(ls -l b|cut -b-10)
+test "$mode" = "-rw-------" || fail=1
+umask 022
+# --------------------------------------
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/link-symlink.sh b/tests/cp/link-symlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..63d166d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/link-symlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that cp -a --link maintains timestamps if possible
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+# Check that the timestamps of the symlink are copied
+# if we're using hardlink to symlink emulation.
+touch file
+ln -s file link || framework_failure_
+touch -m -h -d 2011-01-01 link ||
+  skip_ "Your system doesn't support updating symlink timestamps"
+case $(stat --format=%y link) in
+  2011-01-01*) ;;
+  *) skip_ "Your system doesn't support updating symlink timestamps" ;;
+esac
+
+# link.cp is probably a hardlink, but may also be a symlink
+# In either case the timestamp should match the original.
+cp -al link link.cp || fail=1
+case $(stat --format=%y link.cp) in
+  2011-01-01*) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/link.sh b/tests/cp/link.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2a1cead
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/link.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure cp --link -f works when the target exists.
+# This failed for 4.0z (due to a bug introduced in that test release).
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+touch src || framework_failure_
+touch dest || framework_failure_
+touch dest2 || framework_failure_
+
+
+cp -f --link src dest || fail=1
+cp -f --symbolic-link src dest2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/nfs-removal-race.sh b/tests/cp/nfs-removal-race.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7603812
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/nfs-removal-race.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Running cp S D on an NFS client while another client has just removed D
+# would lead (w/coreutils-8.16 and earlier) to cp's initial stat call
+# seeing (via stale NFS cache) that D exists, so that cp would then call
+# open without the O_CREAT flag.  Yet, the open must actually consult
+# the server, which confesses that D has been deleted, thus causing the
+# open call to fail with ENOENT.
+#
+# This test simulates that situation by intercepting stat for a nonexistent
+# destination, D, and making the stat fill in the result struct for another
+# file and return 0.
+#
+# This test is skipped on systems that lack LD_PRELOAD support; that's fine.
+# Similarly, on a system that lacks <dlfcn.h> or __xstat, skipping it is fine.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+require_gcc_shared_
+
+# Replace each stat call with a call to this wrapper.
+cat > k.c <<'EOF' || framework_failure_
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+#define __xstat __xstat_orig
+
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#undef __xstat
+
+int
+__xstat (int ver, const char *path, struct stat *st)
+{
+  static int (*real_stat)(int ver, const char *path, struct stat *st) = NULL;
+  fclose(fopen("preloaded", "w"));
+  if (!real_stat)
+    real_stat = dlsym (RTLD_NEXT, "__xstat");
+  /* When asked to stat nonexistent "d",
+     return results suggesting it exists. */
+  return real_stat (ver, *path == 'd' && path[1] == 0 ? "d2" : path, st);
+}
+EOF
+
+# Then compile/link it:
+gcc_shared_ k.c k.so \
+  || framework_failure_ 'failed to build shared library'
+
+touch d2 || framework_failure_
+echo xyz > src || framework_failure_
+
+# Finally, run the test:
+LD_PRELOAD=$LD_PRELOAD:./k.so cp src d || fail=1
+
+test -f preloaded || skip_ 'LD_PRELOAD was ineffective?'
+
+compare src d || fail=1
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/no-ctx.sh b/tests/cp/no-ctx.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..78367a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/no-ctx.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure we handle file systems returning no SELinux context,
+# which triggered a segmentation fault in coreutils-8.22.
+# This test is skipped on systems that lack LD_PRELOAD support; that's fine.
+# Similarly, on a system that lacks lgetfilecon altogether, skipping it is fine.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+require_gcc_shared_
+require_selinux_
+
+# Replace each getfilecon and lgetfilecon call with a call to these stubs.
+cat > k.c <<'EOF' || framework_failure_
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <selinux/selinux.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+int getfilecon (const char *path, char **con)
+{
+  /* Leave a marker so we can identify if the function was intercepted.  */
+  fclose(fopen("preloaded", "w"));
+
+  errno=ENODATA;
+  return -1;
+}
+
+int lgetfilecon (const char *path, char **con)
+{ return getfilecon (path, con); }
+EOF
+
+# Then compile/link it:
+gcc_shared_ k.c k.so \
+  || skip_ 'failed to build SELinux shared library'
+
+touch file_src
+
+# New file with SELinux context optionally included
+LD_PRELOAD=$LD_PRELOAD:./k.so cp -a file_src file_dst || fail=1
+
+# Existing file with SELinux context optionally included
+LD_PRELOAD=$LD_PRELOAD:./k.so cp -a file_src file_dst || fail=1
+
+# ENODATA should give an immediate error when required to preserve ctx
+# This is debatable, and maybe we should not fail when no context available?
+( export LD_PRELOAD=$LD_PRELOAD:./k.so
+  returns_ 1 cp --preserve=context file_src file_dst ) || fail=1
+
+test -e preloaded || skip_ 'LD_PRELOAD interception failed'
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/no-deref-link1.sh b/tests/cp/no-deref-link1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..678179f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/no-deref-link1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# cp from 3.16 fails this test
+
+# Copyright (C) 1997-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+mkdir a b
+msg=bar
+echo $msg > a/foo
+cd b
+ln -s ../a/foo .
+cd ..
+
+
+# It should fail with a message something like this:
+#   ./cp: 'a/foo' and 'b/foo' are the same file
+# Fail this test if the exit status is not 1
+returns_ 1 cp -d a/foo b 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+test "$(cat a/foo)" = $msg || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/no-deref-link2.sh b/tests/cp/no-deref-link2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..33e4268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/no-deref-link2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# cp from 3.16 fails this test
+
+# Copyright (C) 1997-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+mkdir b
+msg=bar
+echo $msg > a
+cd b
+ln -s ../a .
+cd ..
+
+
+# It should fail with a message something like this:
+#   cp: 'a' and 'b/foo' are the same file
+# Fail this test if the exit status is not 1
+returns_ 1 cp -d a b 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+test "$(cat a)" = $msg || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/no-deref-link3.sh b/tests/cp/no-deref-link3.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c156214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/no-deref-link3.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# cp from 3.16 fails this test
+
+# Copyright (C) 1997-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+msg=bar
+echo $msg > a
+ln -s a b
+
+
+# It should fail with a message something like this:
+#   cp: 'a' and 'b' are the same file
+# Fail this test if the exit status is not 1
+returns_ 1 cp -d a b 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+test "$(cat a)" = $msg || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/parent-perm-race.sh b/tests/cp/parent-perm-race.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5c142d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/parent-perm-race.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure cp -pR --parents isn't too generous with parent permissions.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+# cp -p gives ENOTSUP on NFS on Linux 2.6.9 at least
+require_local_dir_
+
+umask 002
+mkdir mode ownership d || framework_failure_
+chmod g+s d 2>/dev/null # The cp test is valid either way.
+
+# Terminate any background cp process.
+pid=
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+for attr in mode ownership
+do
+  mkfifo_or_skip_ $attr/fifo
+
+  # Copy a fifo's contents.  That way, we can examine d/$attr's
+  # state while cp is running.
+  timeout 10 cp --preserve=$attr -R --copy-contents --parents $attr d & pid=$!
+
+  # Check the permissions of the destination directory that 'cp' has made.
+  # 'ls' won't start until after 'cp' has made the destination directory
+  # $d/attr and has started to read the source file $attr/fifo.
+  timeout 10 sh -c "ls -ld d/$attr >$attr/fifo" || fail=1
+
+  wait $pid || fail=1
+
+  ls_output=$(cat d/$attr/fifo) || fail=1
+  case $attr,$ls_output in
+  ownership,d???--[-S]--[-S]* | \
+  mode,d????-??-?* | \
+  mode,d??[-x]?w[-x]?-[-x]* )
+    ;;
+  *)
+    fail=1;;
+  esac
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/parent-perm.sh b/tests/cp/parent-perm.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6cc79b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/parent-perm.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that cp --parents works properly with a preexisting dest. directory
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+working_umask_or_skip_
+# cp -p gives ENOTSUP on NFS on Linux 2.6.9 at least
+require_local_dir_
+
+mkdir -p a/b/c a/b/d e || framework_failure_
+touch a/b/c/foo a/b/d/foo || framework_failure_
+cp -p --parent a/b/c/foo e || framework_failure_
+
+# Make permissions of e/a different, so that we exercise the
+# code in cp -p --parents that propagates permissions even
+# to a destination directory that it doesn't create.
+chmod g-rx e/a e/a/b || framework_failure_
+
+cp -p --parent a/b/d/foo e || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that permissions on just-created directory, e/a/,
+# are the same as those on original, a/.
+
+# The sed filter maps any 's' from an inherited set-GID bit
+# to the usual 'x'.  Otherwise, under unusual circumstances, this
+# test would fail with e.g., drwxr-sr-x != drwxr-xr-x .
+# For reference, the unusual circumstances is: build dir is set-gid,
+# so "a/" inherits that.  However, when the user does not belong to
+# the group of the build directory, chmod ("a/e", 02755) returns 0,
+# yet fails to set the S_ISGID bit.
+for dir in a a/b a/b/d; do
+  test $(stat --printf %A $dir|sed s/s/x/g) \
+     = $(stat --printf %A e/$dir|sed s/s/x/g) ||
+  fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/perm.sh b/tests/cp/perm.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..813b017
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/perm.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure the permission-preserving code in copy.c (mv, cp, install) works.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp mv
+
+very_expensive_
+
+umask 037
+
+
+# Now, try it with 'mv', with combinations of --force, no-f and
+# existing-destination and not.
+for u in 31 37 2; do
+  echo umask: $u
+  umask $u
+  for cmd in mv 'cp -p' cp; do
+    for force in '' -f; do
+      for existing_dest in yes no; do
+        for g_perm in r w x rw wx xr rwx; do
+          for o_perm in r w x rw wx xr rwx; do
+            touch src || exit 1
+            chmod u=r,g=rx,o= src || exit 1
+            expected_perms=$(stat --format=%A src)
+            rm -f dest
+            test $existing_dest = yes && {
+              touch dest || exit 1
+              chmod u=rw,g=$g_perm,o=$o_perm dest || exit 1
+              }
+            $cmd $force src dest || exit 1
+            test "$cmd" = mv && test -f src && exit 1
+            test "$cmd" = cp && { test -f src || exit 1; }
+            actual_perms=$(stat --format=%A dest)
+
+            case "$cmd:$force:$existing_dest" in
+              cp:*:yes)
+                _g_perm=$(echo rwx|sed 's/[^'$g_perm']/-/g')
+                _o_perm=$(echo rwx|sed 's/[^'$o_perm']/-/g')
+                expected_perms=-rw-$_g_perm$_o_perm
+                ;;
+              cp:*:no)
+                test $u = 37 &&
+                  expected_perms=$(
+                    echo $expected_perms | sed 's/.....$/-----/'
+                  )
+                test $u = 31 &&
+                  expected_perms=$(
+                    echo $expected_perms | sed 's/..\(..\).$/--\1-/'
+                  )
+                ;;
+            esac
+            test _$actual_perms = _$expected_perms || exit 1
+            # Perform only one iteration when there's no existing destination.
+            test $existing_dest = no && break 3
+          done
+        done
+      done
+    done
+  done
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/preserve-2.sh b/tests/cp/preserve-2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1f0fbbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/preserve-2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that cp's --preserve=X,Y option is parsed properly
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+# cp -p gives ENOTSUP on NFS on Linux 2.6.9 at least
+require_local_dir_
+
+touch f || framework_failure_
+
+cp --preserve=mode,links f g || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/preserve-gid.sh b/tests/cp/preserve-gid.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8b36eab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/preserve-gid.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify that cp -p preserves GID when it is possible.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+require_perl_
+require_root_
+
+# Some of the tests expect a umask that grants group and/or world read access.
+working_umask_or_skip_
+
+# Record primary group number, usually 0.
+# This is the group ID used when cp (without -p) creates a new file.
+primary_group_num=$(id -g)
+
+create() {
+  echo "$1" > "$1" || exit 1
+  chown "+$2:+$3" "$1" || exit 1
+}
+
+t0() {
+  f=$1; shift
+  u=$1; shift
+  g=$1; shift
+  rm -f b || exit 1
+  "$@" "$f" b || exit 1
+  s=$(stat -c '%u %g' b)
+  if test "x$s" != "x$u $g"; then
+    # Allow the actual group to match that of the parent directory
+    # (it was set to 0 above).
+    if test "x$s" = "x$u $primary_group_num"; then
+      :
+    else
+      echo "$0: $* $f b: $u $g != $s" 1>&2
+      Exit 1
+    fi
+  fi
+}
+
+nameless_uid=$($PERL -le '
+  foreach my $i (1000..16*1024-1)
+    {
+      getpwuid $i or (print $i), exit
+    }
+')
+nameless_gid1=$($PERL -le '
+  foreach my $i (1000..16*1024)
+    {
+      getgrgid $i or (print $i), exit
+    }
+')
+nameless_gid2=$($PERL -le '
+  foreach my $i ('"$nameless_gid1"'+1..16*1024)
+    {
+      getgrgid $i or (print $i), exit
+    }
+')
+
+if test -z "$nameless_uid" \
+    || test -z "$nameless_gid1" \
+    || test -z "$nameless_gid2"; then
+  skip_ "couldn't find a nameless UID or GID"
+fi
+
+chown "+$nameless_uid:+0" .
+
+create a0 0 0
+create b0 "$nameless_uid" "$nameless_gid1"
+create b1 "$nameless_uid" "$nameless_gid2"
+create c0 0 "$nameless_gid1"
+create c1 0 "$nameless_gid2"
+
+t0 a0 0 0 cp
+t0 b0 0 0 cp
+t0 b1 0 0 cp
+t0 c0 0 0 cp
+t0 c1 0 0 cp
+
+t0 a0 0 0 cp -p
+t0 b0 "$nameless_uid" "$nameless_gid1" cp -p
+t0 b1 "$nameless_uid" "$nameless_gid2" cp -p
+t0 c0 0 "$nameless_gid1" cp -p
+t0 c1 0 "$nameless_gid2" cp -p
+
+# For the remaining tests, we need a cp binary that is accessible to a user
+# with UID of $nameless_uid.  The build directory may not be accessible,
+# so create a temporary directory and copy cp into it, ensure that
+# $nameless_uid can access it and then make that directory the search path.
+tmp_path=
+cleanup_() { rm -rf "$tmp_path"; }
+
+# Cause mktemp to create a directory directly under /tmp.
+# Setting TMPDIR explicitly is required here, in case $TMPDIR
+# is not readable by our nameless IDs.
+test -d /tmp && TMPDIR=/tmp
+tmp_path=$(mktemp -d) || fail_ "failed to create temporary directory"
+if test -x "$abs_path_dir_/coreutils" &&
+   { test -L "$abs_path_dir_/cp" ||
+     test $(wc -l < "$abs_path_dir_/cp") = 1; } then
+  # if configured with --enable-single-binary we need to use the single binary
+  cp "$abs_path_dir_/coreutils" "$tmp_path/cp" || framework_failure_
+else
+  cp "$abs_path_dir_/cp" "$tmp_path"
+fi
+chmod -R a+rx "$tmp_path"
+
+t1() {
+  f=$1; shift
+  u=$1; shift
+  g=$1; shift
+  t0 "$f" "$u" "$g" \
+      chroot --skip-chdir \
+             --user=+$nameless_uid:+$nameless_gid1 \
+             --groups="+$nameless_gid1,+$nameless_gid2" \
+        / env PATH="$tmp_path" "$@"
+}
+
+t1 a0 "$nameless_uid" "$nameless_gid1" cp
+t1 b0 "$nameless_uid" "$nameless_gid1" cp
+t1 b1 "$nameless_uid" "$nameless_gid1" cp
+t1 c0 "$nameless_uid" "$nameless_gid1" cp
+t1 c1 "$nameless_uid" "$nameless_gid1" cp
+
+t1 a0 "$nameless_uid" "$nameless_gid1" cp -p
+t1 b0 "$nameless_uid" "$nameless_gid1" cp -p
+t1 b1 "$nameless_uid" "$nameless_gid2" cp -p
+t1 c0 "$nameless_uid" "$nameless_gid1" cp -p
+t1 c1 "$nameless_uid" "$nameless_gid2" cp -p
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/preserve-link.sh b/tests/cp/preserve-link.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e4a7e65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/preserve-link.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise the fix for https://bugs.gnu.org/8419
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+same_inode()
+{
+  local u v
+  u=$(stat --format %i "$1") &&
+    v=$(stat --format %i "$2") && test "$u" = "$v"
+}
+
+create_source_tree()
+{
+  rm -Rf s
+  mkdir s || framework_failure_
+
+  # a missing link in dest will be created
+  touch s/f || framework_failure_
+  ln s/f s/linkm || framework_failure_
+
+  # an existing link in dest will be maintained
+  ln s/f s/linke || framework_failure_
+
+  # a separate older file in dest will be overwritten
+  ln s/f s/fileo || framework_failure_
+
+  # a separate newer file in dest will be overwritten!
+  ln s/f s/fileu || framework_failure_
+}
+
+create_target_tree()
+{
+  f=$1 # which of f or linkm to create in t/
+
+  rm -Rf t
+  mkdir -p t/s/ || framework_failure_
+
+  # a missing link in dest must be created
+  touch t/s/$f || framework_failure_
+
+  # an existing link must be maintained
+  ln t/s/$f t/s/linke || framework_failure_
+
+  # a separate older file in dest will be overwritten
+  touch -d '-1 hour' t/s/fileo || framework_failure_
+
+  # a separate newer file in dest will be overwritten!
+  touch -d '+1 hour' t/s/fileu || framework_failure_
+}
+
+
+# Note we repeat this, creating either one of
+# two hard linked files from source in the dest, so as to
+# test both paths in $(cp) for creating the hard links.
+# The path taken by cp is dependent on which cp encounters
+# first in the source, which is non deterministic currently
+# (I'm guessing that results are sorted by inode and
+# beauses they're the same here, and due to the sort
+# being unstable, either can be processed first).
+create_source_tree
+
+for f in f linkm; do
+  create_target_tree $f
+
+  # Copy all the hard links across.  With cp from coreutils-8.12
+  # and prior, it would sometimes mistakenly copy rather than link.
+  cp -au s t || fail=1
+
+  same_inode t/s/f t/s/linkm || fail=1
+  same_inode t/s/f t/s/linke || fail=1
+  same_inode t/s/f t/s/fileo || fail=1
+  same_inode t/s/f t/s/fileu || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/preserve-mode.sh b/tests/cp/preserve-mode.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7527303
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/preserve-mode.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Check whether cp generates files with correct modes.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+get_mode() { stat -c%f "$1"; }
+
+umask 0022 || framework_failure_
+
+#regular file test
+touch a b || framework_failure_
+chmod 600 b || framework_failure_
+cp --no-preserve=mode b c || fail=1
+test "$(get_mode a)" = "$(get_mode c)" || fail=1
+
+#existing destination test
+chmod 600 c || framework_failure_
+cp --no-preserve=mode a b || fail=1
+test "$(get_mode b)" = "$(get_mode c)" || fail=1
+
+#directory test
+mkdir d1 d2 || framework_failure_
+chmod 705 d2 || framework_failure_
+cp --no-preserve=mode -r d2 d3 || fail=1
+test "$(get_mode d1)" = "$(get_mode d3)" || fail=1
+
+#contradicting options test
+rm -f a b || framework_failure_
+touch a || framework_failure_
+chmod 600 a || framework_failure_
+cp --no-preserve=mode --preserve=all a b || fail=1
+test "$(get_mode a)" = "$(get_mode b)" || fail=1
+
+#fifo test
+if mkfifo fifo; then
+  cp -a --no-preserve=mode fifo fifo_copy || fail=1
+  #ensure default perms set appropriate for non regular files
+  #which wasn't done between v8.20 and 8.29 inclusive
+  test "$(get_mode fifo)" = "$(get_mode fifo_copy)" || fail=1
+fi
+
+# Test that plain --preserve=ownership does not affect destination mode.
+rm -f a b c || framework_failure_
+touch a || framework_failure_
+chmod 660 a || framework_failure_
+cp a b || fail=1
+cp --preserve=ownership a c || fail=1
+test "$(get_mode b)" = "$(get_mode c)" || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/preserve-slink-time.sh b/tests/cp/preserve-slink-time.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e0484d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/preserve-slink-time.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify that cp -Pp preserves times even on symlinks.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+grep '^#define HAVE_UTIMENSAT 1' "$CONFIG_HEADER" > /dev/null ||
+grep '^#define HAVE_LUTIMES 1' "$CONFIG_HEADER" > /dev/null ||
+  skip_ 'this system lacks the utimensat function'
+
+ln -s no-such dangle || framework_failure_
+
+# If the current file system lacks sub-second resolution, sleep for 2s to
+# ensure that the times on the copy are different from those of the original.
+case $(stat --format=%y dangle) in
+  ??:??:??.000000000) sleep 2;;
+esac
+
+copy_timestamp_() {
+  sleep $1
+  rm -f d2
+  cp -Pp dangle d2 || framework_failure_
+  # Can't use --format=%x, as lstat() modifies atime on some platforms.
+  stat --format=%y dangle > t1 || framework_failure_
+  stat --format=%y d2 > t2 || framework_failure_
+  compare t1 t2
+}
+
+# We retry with a delay at least 1.5s because on GPFS
+# it was seen that the timestamp wasn't updated unless there
+# was sufficient delay between the ln and cp.
+# I.e., if there wasn't sufficient difference in
+# the timestamp being updated, the update was discarded.
+retry_delay_ copy_timestamp_ .1 4 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/proc-short-read.sh b/tests/cp/proc-short-read.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bedb08e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/proc-short-read.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# exercise cp's short-read failure when operating on >4KB files in /proc
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+proc_large=/proc/cpuinfo  # usually > 4KiB
+
+test -r $proc_large || skip_ "your system lacks $proc_large"
+
+# Before coreutils-7.3, cp would copy less than 4KiB of this file.
+cp $proc_large 1    || fail=1
+cat $proc_large > 2 || fail=1
+
+# adjust varying parts
+sed '/MHz/d; /bogomips/d;' 1 > proc.cp || framework_failure_
+sed '/MHz/d; /bogomips/d;' 2 > proc.cat || framework_failure_
+
+compare proc.cp proc.cat || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/proc-zero-len.sh b/tests/cp/proc-zero-len.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1c11bd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/proc-zero-len.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that cp copies contents of non-empty "regular" file with st_size==0
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+touch empty || framework_failure_
+
+f=/proc/cpuinfo
+test -r $f || f=empty
+
+cat $f > out || fail=1
+
+# With coreutils-6.9, this would create a zero-length "exp" file.
+# Skip this test on architectures like aarch64 where the inode
+# number of the file changed during the cp run.
+cp $f exp 2>err \
+  || { fail=1;
+       grep 'replaced while being copied' err \
+         && skip_ "File $f is being replaced while being copied"; }
+
+# Don't simply compare contents; they might differ,
+# e.g., if CPU freq changes between cat and cp invocations.
+# Instead, simply compare whether they're both nonempty.
+test -s out \
+  && { rm -f out; echo nonempty > out; }
+test -s exp \
+  && { rm -f exp; echo nonempty > exp; }
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/r-vs-symlink.sh b/tests/cp/r-vs-symlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0ad9b75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/r-vs-symlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# cp -r should not create symlinks.  Fixed in fileutils-4.1.5.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# Restored old behavior (whereby cp -r preserves symlinks) in 4.1.6,
+# though now such usage evokes a warning:
+# cp: 'slink': WARNING: using -r to copy symbolic links is not portable
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+echo abc > foo || framework_failure_
+ln -s foo slink || framework_failure_
+ln -s no-such-file no-file || framework_failure_
+
+
+# This would fail in 4.1.5, not in 4.1.6.
+cp -r no-file junk 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+cp -r slink bar 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+set x $(ls -l bar); shift; mode=$1
+case $mode in
+  l*) ;;
+  *) fail=1;;
+esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/reflink-auto.sh b/tests/cp/reflink-auto.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..16b4078
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/reflink-auto.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test cp --reflink=auto
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+cleanup_() { rm -rf "$other_partition_tmpdir"; }
+. "$abs_srcdir/tests/other-fs-tmpdir"
+a_other="$other_partition_tmpdir/a"
+rm -f "$a_other" || framework_failure_
+
+echo non_zero_size > "$a_other" || framework_failure_
+
+# we shouldn't be able to reflink() files on separate partitions
+returns_ 1 cp --reflink "$a_other" b || fail=1
+
+# --reflink=auto should fall back to a normal copy
+cp --reflink=auto "$a_other" b || fail=1
+test -s b || fail=1
+
+# --reflink=auto should allow --sparse for fallback copies.
+# This command can be used to create minimal sized copies.
+cp --reflink=auto --sparse=always "$a_other" b || fail=1
+test -s b || fail=1
+
+# --reflink=auto should be overridden by --reflink=never
+cp --reflink=auto --reflink=never "$a_other" b || fail=1
+test -s b || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/reflink-perm.sh b/tests/cp/reflink-perm.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..192fceb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/reflink-perm.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test cp --reflink copies permissions
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+
+> time_check
+> file
+ts='2009-08-28 19:00'
+touch -d "$ts" file || framework_failure_
+test time_check -nt file || skip_ "The system clock is wrong"
+
+chmod a=rwx file || framework_failure_
+umask 077
+cp --reflink=auto --preserve file copy || fail=1
+
+mode=$(stat --printf "%A" copy)
+test "$mode" = "-rwxrwxrwx" || fail=1
+
+test copy -nt file && fail=1
+
+# Ensure that --attributes-only overrides --reflink completely
+echo > file2 # file with data
+cp --reflink=auto --preserve --attributes-only file2 empty_copy || fail=1
+compare /dev/null empty_copy || fail=1
+cp --reflink=always --preserve --attributes-only file2 empty_copy || fail=1
+compare /dev/null empty_copy || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/same-file.sh b/tests/cp/same-file.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7a61565
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/same-file.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test some of cp's options and how cp handles situations in
+# which a naive implementation might overwrite the source file.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+# Unset CDPATH.  Otherwise, output from the 'cd dir' command
+# can make this test fail.
+(unset CDPATH) >/dev/null 2>&1 && unset CDPATH
+
+VERSION_CONTROL=numbered; export VERSION_CONTROL
+
+# Determine whether a hard link to a symlink points to the symlink
+# itself or to its referent.  For example, the link from FreeBSD6.1
+# does dereference a symlink, but the one from Linux does not.
+ln -s no-such dangling-slink
+ln dangling-slink hard-link > /dev/null 2>&1 \
+  && hard_link_to_symlink_does_the_deref=no \
+  || hard_link_to_symlink_does_the_deref=yes
+rm -f no-such dangling-slink hard-link
+
+test $hard_link_to_symlink_does_the_deref = yes \
+    && remove_these_sed='/^0 -[bf]*l .*sl1 ->/d; /hlsl/d' \
+    || remove_these_sed='/^ELIDE NO TEST OUTPUT/d'
+
+exec 3>&1 1> actual
+
+# FIXME: This should be bigger: like more than 8k
+contents=XYZ
+
+for args in 'foo symlink' 'symlink foo' 'foo foo' 'sl1 sl2' \
+            'foo hardlink' 'hlsl sl2'; do
+  for options in '' -d -f -df --rem -b -bd -bf -bdf \
+                 -l -dl -fl -dfl -bl -bdl -bfl -bdfl -s -sf; do
+    case $args$options in
+      # These tests are not portable.
+      # They all involve making a hard link to a symbolic link.
+      # In the past, we've skipped the tests that are not portable,
+      # by doing "continue" here and eliminating the corresponding
+      # expected output lines below.  Don't do that anymore.
+      'symlink foo'-dfl)
+        continue;;
+      'symlink foo'-bdl)
+        continue;;
+      'symlink foo'-bdfl)
+        continue;;
+      'sl1 sl2'-dfl)
+        continue;;
+      'sl1 sl2'-bd*l)
+        continue;;
+      'sl1 sl2'-dl)
+        continue;;
+    esac
+
+    # cont'd  Instead, skip them only on systems for which link does
+    # dereference a symlink.  Detect and skip such tests here.
+    case $hard_link_to_symlink_does_the_deref:$args:$options in
+      'yes:sl1 sl2:-fl')
+        continue ;;
+      'yes:sl1 sl2:-bl')
+        continue ;;
+      'yes:sl1 sl2:-bfl')
+        continue ;;
+      yes:hlsl*)
+        continue ;;
+    esac
+
+    rm -rf dir
+    mkdir dir
+    cd dir
+    echo $contents > foo
+    case "$args" in *symlink*) ln -s foo symlink ;; esac
+    case "$args" in *hardlink*) ln foo hardlink ;; esac
+    case "$args" in *sl1*) ln -s foo sl1;; esac
+    case "$args" in *sl2*) ln -s foo sl2;; esac
+    case "$args" in *hlsl*) ln sl2 hlsl;; esac
+    (
+      (
+        # echo 1>&2 cp $options $args
+        cp $options $args 2>_err
+        echo $? $options
+
+        # Normalize the program name and diagnostics in the error output,
+        # and put brackets around the output.
+        if test -s _err; then
+          sed '
+            s/symbolic link/symlink/
+            s/^[^:]*:\([^:]*\).*/cp:\1/
+            1s/^/[/
+            $s/$/]/
+          ' _err
+        fi
+        # Strip off all but the file names.
+        ls=$(ls -gG --ignore=_err . \
+             | sed \
+                -e '/^total /d' \
+                -e 's/^[^ ]*  *[^ ]*  *[^ ]*  *[^ ]*  *[^ ]*  *[^ ]*  *//')
+        echo "($ls)"
+        # Make sure the original is unchanged and that
+        # the destination is a copy.
+        for f in $args; do
+          if test -f $f; then
+            case "$(cat $f)" in
+              "$contents") ;;
+              *) echo cp FAILED;;
+            esac
+          else
+            echo symlink-loop
+          fi
+        done
+      ) | tr '\n' ' '
+      echo
+    ) | sed 's/  *$//'
+    cd ..
+  done
+  echo
+done
+
+cat <<\EOF | sed "$remove_these_sed" > expected
+1 [cp: 'foo' and 'symlink' are the same file] (foo symlink -> foo)
+1 -d [cp: 'foo' and 'symlink' are the same file] (foo symlink -> foo)
+1 -f [cp: 'foo' and 'symlink' are the same file] (foo symlink -> foo)
+1 -df [cp: 'foo' and 'symlink' are the same file] (foo symlink -> foo)
+0 --rem (foo symlink)
+0 -b (foo symlink symlink.~1~ -> foo)
+0 -bd (foo symlink symlink.~1~ -> foo)
+0 -bf (foo symlink symlink.~1~ -> foo)
+0 -bdf (foo symlink symlink.~1~ -> foo)
+1 -l [cp: cannot create hard link 'symlink' to 'foo'] (foo symlink -> foo)
+1 -dl [cp: cannot create hard link 'symlink' to 'foo'] (foo symlink -> foo)
+0 -fl (foo symlink)
+0 -dfl (foo symlink)
+0 -bl (foo symlink symlink.~1~ -> foo)
+0 -bdl (foo symlink symlink.~1~ -> foo)
+0 -bfl (foo symlink symlink.~1~ -> foo)
+0 -bdfl (foo symlink symlink.~1~ -> foo)
+1 -s [cp: cannot create symlink 'symlink' to 'foo'] (foo symlink -> foo)
+0 -sf (foo symlink -> foo)
+
+1 [cp: 'symlink' and 'foo' are the same file] (foo symlink -> foo)
+1 -d [cp: 'symlink' and 'foo' are the same file] (foo symlink -> foo)
+1 -f [cp: 'symlink' and 'foo' are the same file] (foo symlink -> foo)
+1 -df [cp: 'symlink' and 'foo' are the same file] (foo symlink -> foo)
+1 --rem [cp: 'symlink' and 'foo' are the same file] (foo symlink -> foo)
+1 -b [cp: 'symlink' and 'foo' are the same file] (foo symlink -> foo)
+0 -bd (foo -> foo foo.~1~ symlink -> foo) symlink-loop symlink-loop
+1 -bf [cp: 'symlink' and 'foo' are the same file] (foo symlink -> foo)
+0 -bdf (foo -> foo foo.~1~ symlink -> foo) symlink-loop symlink-loop
+0 -l (foo symlink -> foo)
+0 -dl (foo symlink -> foo)
+0 -fl (foo symlink -> foo)
+0 -bl (foo symlink -> foo)
+0 -bfl (foo symlink -> foo)
+1 -s [cp: 'symlink' and 'foo' are the same file] (foo symlink -> foo)
+1 -sf [cp: 'symlink' and 'foo' are the same file] (foo symlink -> foo)
+
+1 [cp: 'foo' and 'foo' are the same file] (foo)
+1 -d [cp: 'foo' and 'foo' are the same file] (foo)
+1 -f [cp: 'foo' and 'foo' are the same file] (foo)
+1 -df [cp: 'foo' and 'foo' are the same file] (foo)
+1 --rem [cp: 'foo' and 'foo' are the same file] (foo)
+1 -b [cp: 'foo' and 'foo' are the same file] (foo)
+1 -bd [cp: 'foo' and 'foo' are the same file] (foo)
+0 -bf (foo foo.~1~)
+0 -bdf (foo foo.~1~)
+0 -l (foo)
+0 -dl (foo)
+0 -fl (foo)
+0 -dfl (foo)
+0 -bl (foo)
+0 -bdl (foo)
+0 -bfl (foo foo.~1~)
+0 -bdfl (foo foo.~1~)
+1 -s [cp: 'foo' and 'foo' are the same file] (foo)
+1 -sf [cp: 'foo' and 'foo' are the same file] (foo)
+
+1 [cp: 'sl1' and 'sl2' are the same file] (foo sl1 -> foo sl2 -> foo)
+0 -d (foo sl1 -> foo sl2 -> foo)
+1 -f [cp: 'sl1' and 'sl2' are the same file] (foo sl1 -> foo sl2 -> foo)
+0 -df (foo sl1 -> foo sl2 -> foo)
+0 --rem (foo sl1 -> foo sl2)
+0 -b (foo sl1 -> foo sl2 sl2.~1~ -> foo)
+0 -bd (foo sl1 -> foo sl2 -> foo sl2.~1~ -> foo)
+0 -bf (foo sl1 -> foo sl2 sl2.~1~ -> foo)
+0 -bdf (foo sl1 -> foo sl2 -> foo sl2.~1~ -> foo)
+1 -l [cp: cannot create hard link 'sl2' to 'sl1'] (foo sl1 -> foo sl2 -> foo)
+0 -fl (foo sl1 -> foo sl2)
+0 -bl (foo sl1 -> foo sl2 sl2.~1~ -> foo)
+0 -bfl (foo sl1 -> foo sl2 sl2.~1~ -> foo)
+1 -s [cp: cannot create symlink 'sl2' to 'sl1'] (foo sl1 -> foo sl2 -> foo)
+0 -sf (foo sl1 -> foo sl2 -> sl1)
+
+1 [cp: 'foo' and 'hardlink' are the same file] (foo hardlink)
+1 -d [cp: 'foo' and 'hardlink' are the same file] (foo hardlink)
+1 -f [cp: 'foo' and 'hardlink' are the same file] (foo hardlink)
+1 -df [cp: 'foo' and 'hardlink' are the same file] (foo hardlink)
+0 --rem (foo hardlink)
+0 -b (foo hardlink hardlink.~1~)
+0 -bd (foo hardlink hardlink.~1~)
+0 -bf (foo hardlink hardlink.~1~)
+0 -bdf (foo hardlink hardlink.~1~)
+0 -l (foo hardlink)
+0 -dl (foo hardlink)
+0 -fl (foo hardlink)
+0 -dfl (foo hardlink)
+0 -bl (foo hardlink)
+0 -bdl (foo hardlink)
+0 -bfl (foo hardlink)
+0 -bdfl (foo hardlink)
+1 -s [cp: 'foo' and 'hardlink' are the same file] (foo hardlink)
+1 -sf [cp: 'foo' and 'hardlink' are the same file] (foo hardlink)
+
+1 [cp: 'hlsl' and 'sl2' are the same file] (foo hlsl -> foo sl2 -> foo)
+0 -d (foo hlsl -> foo sl2 -> foo)
+1 -f [cp: 'hlsl' and 'sl2' are the same file] (foo hlsl -> foo sl2 -> foo)
+0 -df (foo hlsl -> foo sl2 -> foo)
+0 --rem (foo hlsl -> foo sl2)
+0 -b (foo hlsl -> foo sl2 sl2.~1~ -> foo)
+0 -bd (foo hlsl -> foo sl2 -> foo sl2.~1~ -> foo)
+0 -bf (foo hlsl -> foo sl2 sl2.~1~ -> foo)
+0 -bdf (foo hlsl -> foo sl2 -> foo sl2.~1~ -> foo)
+1 -l [cp: cannot create hard link 'sl2' to 'hlsl'] (foo hlsl -> foo sl2 -> foo)
+0 -dl (foo hlsl -> foo sl2 -> foo)
+0 -fl (foo hlsl -> foo sl2)
+0 -dfl (foo hlsl -> foo sl2 -> foo)
+0 -bl (foo hlsl -> foo sl2 sl2.~1~ -> foo)
+0 -bdl (foo hlsl -> foo sl2 -> foo)
+0 -bfl (foo hlsl -> foo sl2 sl2.~1~ -> foo)
+0 -bdfl (foo hlsl -> foo sl2 -> foo)
+1 -s [cp: cannot create symlink 'sl2' to 'hlsl'] (foo hlsl -> foo sl2 -> foo)
+0 -sf (foo hlsl -> foo sl2 -> hlsl)
+
+EOF
+
+exec 1>&3 3>&-
+
+compare expected actual 1>&2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/slink-2-slink.sh b/tests/cp/slink-2-slink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4abf395
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/slink-2-slink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# 'test cp --update A B' where A and B are both symlinks that point
+# to the same file
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+touch file || framework_failure_
+ln -s file a || framework_failure_
+ln -s file b || framework_failure_
+ln -s no-such-file c || framework_failure_
+ln -s no-such-file d || framework_failure_
+
+cp --update --no-dereference a b || fail=1
+cp --update --no-dereference c d || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/sparse-2.sh b/tests/cp/sparse-2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2104071
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/sparse-2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise a few more corners of the copying code.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp stat dd
+
+touch sparse_chk
+seek_data_capable_ sparse_chk \
+  || skip_ "this file system lacks SEEK_DATA support"
+
+# Exercise the code that handles a file ending in a hole.
+printf x > k || framework_failure_
+dd bs=1k seek=128 of=k < /dev/null || framework_failure_
+
+# The first time through the outer loop, the input file, K, ends with a hole.
+# The second time through, we append a byte so that it does not.
+for append in no yes; do
+  test $append = yes && printf y >> k
+  for i in always never; do
+    cp --reflink=never --sparse=$i k k2 || fail=1
+    cmp k k2 || fail=1
+  done
+done
+
+# Ensure that --sparse=always can restore holes.
+rm -f k
+# Create a file starting with an "x", followed by 256K-1 0 bytes.
+printf x > k || framework_failure_
+dd bs=1k seek=1 of=k count=255 < /dev/zero || framework_failure_
+
+# cp should detect the all-zero blocks and convert some of them to holes.
+# How many it detects/converts currently depends on io_blksize.
+# Currently, on my F14/ext4 desktop, this K file starts off with size 256KiB,
+# (note that the K in the preceding test starts off with size 4KiB).
+# cp from coreutils-8.9 with --sparse=always reduces the size to 32KiB.
+cp --reflink=never --sparse=always k k2 || fail=1
+if test $(stat -c %b k2) -ge $(stat -c %b k); then
+  # If not sparse, then double check by creating with dd
+  # as we're not guaranteed that seek will create a hole.
+  # apfs on darwin 19.2.0 for example was seen to not to create holes < 16MiB.
+  hole_size=$(stat -c %o k2) || framework_failure_
+  dd if=k of=k2.dd bs=$hole_size conv=sparse || framework_failure_
+  test $(stat -c %b k2) -eq $(stat -c %b k2.dd) || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/sparse-extents-2.sh b/tests/cp/sparse-extents-2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..37a4477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/sparse-extents-2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test cp --sparse=always through SEEK_DATA copy
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+require_perl_
+
+# The test was seen to fail on ext3 so exclude that type
+# (or any file system where the type can't be determined)
+touch sparse_chk
+if seek_data_capable_ sparse_chk && ! df -t ext3 . >/dev/null; then
+  : # Current partition has working extents.  Good!
+else
+  skip_ "current file system has insufficient SEEK_DATA support"
+
+  # It's not;  we need to create one, hence we need root access.
+  require_root_
+
+  cwd=$PWD
+  cleanup_() { cd /; umount "$cwd/mnt"; }
+
+  skip=0
+  # Create an ext4 loopback file system
+  dd if=/dev/zero of=blob bs=32k count=1000 || skip=1
+  mkdir mnt
+  mkfs -t ext4 -F blob ||
+    skip_ "failed to create ext4 file system"
+  mount -oloop blob mnt   || skip=1
+  cd mnt                  || skip=1
+  echo test > f           || skip=1
+  test -s f               || skip=1
+
+  test $skip = 1 &&
+    skip_ "insufficient mount/ext4 support"
+fi
+
+# =================================================
+# The data below was set up to ensure that the original FIEMAP-copying code
+# was exercised enough to provoke at least two iterations of the do...while loop
+# in which it calls ioctl (fd, FS_IOC_FIEMAP,...
+# This also verifies that non-trivial extents are preserved.
+
+# Extract logical block number and length pairs from filefrag -v output.
+# The initial sed is to remove the "eof" from the normally-empty "flags" field.
+# Similarly, remove flags values like "unknown,delalloc,eof".
+# That is required when that final extent has no number in the "expected" field.
+f()
+{
+  sed 's/ [a-z,][a-z,]*$//' $@ \
+    | $AWK '/^ *[0-9]/ {printf "%d %d ", $2, (NF>=6 ? $6 : (NF<5 ? $NF : $5)) }
+            END {print ""}'
+}
+
+for i in $(seq 1 2 21); do
+  for j in 1 2 31 100; do
+    $PERL -e '$n = '$i' * 1024; *F = *STDOUT;' \
+          -e 'for (1..'$j') { sysseek (*F, $n, 1)' \
+          -e '&& syswrite (*F, chr($_)x$n) or die "$!"}' > j1 || fail=1
+
+    # Note there is an implicit sync performed by cp on Linux kernels
+    # before 2.6.39 to work around bugs in EXT4 and BTRFS.
+    # (this was removed in the release after coreutils-8.32).
+    # Note also the -s parameter to the filefrag commands below
+    # for the same reasons.
+    cp --reflink=never --sparse=always j1 j2 || fail=1
+
+    cmp j1 j2 || fail_ "data loss i=$i j=$j"
+    if ! filefrag -vs j1 | grep -F extent >/dev/null; then
+      test $skip != 1 && warn_ 'skipping part; you lack filefrag'
+      skip=1
+    else
+      # Here is sample filefrag output:
+      #   $ perl -e 'BEGIN{$n=16*1024; *F=*STDOUT}' \
+      #          -e 'for (1..5) { sysseek(*F,$n,1)' \
+      #          -e '&& syswrite *F,"."x$n or die "$!"}' > j
+      #   $ filefrag -v j
+      #   File system type is: ef53
+      #   File size of j is 163840 (40 blocks, blocksize 4096)
+      #    ext logical physical expected length flags
+      #      0       4  6258884               4
+      #      1      12  6258892  6258887      4
+      #      2      20  6258900  6258895      4
+      #      3      28  6258908  6258903      4
+      #      4      36  6258916  6258911      4 eof
+      #   j: 6 extents found
+
+      # exclude the physical block numbers; they always differ
+      filefrag -v j1 > ff1 || framework_failure_
+      filefrag -vs j2 > ff2 || framework_failure_
+      { f ff1; f ff2; } | $PERL $abs_srcdir/tests/filefrag-extent-compare \
+        || {
+             warn_ ignoring filefrag-reported extent map differences
+             # Show the differing extent maps.
+             head -n99 ff1 ff2
+           }
+    fi
+    test $fail = 1 && break 2
+  done
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/sparse-extents.sh b/tests/cp/sparse-extents.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5216b95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/sparse-extents.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test cp handles extents correctly
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+require_sparse_support_
+
+touch sparse_chk || framework_failure_
+seek_data_capable_ sparse_chk ||
+  skip_ 'this file system lacks SEEK_DATA support'
+
+fallocate --help >/dev/null || skip_ 'The fallocate utility is required'
+touch falloc.test || framework_failure_
+fallocate -l 1 -o 1 -n falloc.test ||
+  skip_ 'this file system lacks FALLOCATE support'
+rm falloc.test
+
+# We don't currently handle unwritten extents specially
+if false; then
+# Require more space than we'll actually use, so that
+# tests run in parallel do not run out of space.
+# Otherwise, with inadequate space, simply running the following
+# fallocate command would induce a temporary file-system-full condition,
+# which would cause failure of unrelated tests run in parallel.
+require_file_system_bytes_free_ 800000000
+
+fallocate -l 1MiB num.test ||
+  skip_ "this fallocate doesn't support numbers with IEX suffixes"
+
+fallocate -l 600MiB space.test ||
+  skip_ 'this test needs at least 600MiB free space'
+
+# Disable this test on old BTRFS (e.g. Fedora 14)
+# which reports ordinary extents for unwritten ones.
+filefrag space.test || skip_ 'the 'filefrag' utility is missing'
+filefrag -v space.test | grep -F 'unwritten' > /dev/null ||
+  skip_ 'this file system does not report empty extents as "unwritten"'
+
+rm space.test
+
+# Ensure we read a large empty file quickly
+fallocate -l 300MiB empty.big || framework_failure_
+timeout 3 cp --reflink=never --sparse=always empty.big cp.test || fail=1
+test $(stat -c %s empty.big) = $(stat -c %s cp.test) || fail=1
+rm empty.big cp.test
+fi
+
+# Ensure we handle extents beyond file size correctly.
+# Note until we support fallocate, we will not maintain
+# the file allocation.  FIXME: amend this test if fallocate is supported.
+# Note currently this only uses SEEK_DATA logic when the allocation (-l)
+# is smaller than the size, thus identifying the file as sparse.
+# Note the '-l 1' case is an effective noop, and just checks
+# a file with a trailing hole is copied correctly.
+for sparse_arg in always auto never; do
+  for alloc in '-l 4194304' '-l 1048576 -o 4194304' '-l 1'; do
+    dd count=10 if=/dev/urandom iflag=fullblock of=unwritten.withdata
+    truncate -s 2MiB unwritten.withdata || framework_failure_
+    fallocate $alloc -n unwritten.withdata || framework_failure_
+    cp --reflink=never --sparse=$sparse_arg unwritten.withdata cp.test || fail=1
+    test $(stat -c %s unwritten.withdata) = $(stat -c %s cp.test) || fail=1
+    cmp unwritten.withdata cp.test || fail=1
+    rm unwritten.withdata cp.test || framework_failure_
+  done
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/sparse-perf.sh b/tests/cp/sparse-perf.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d529dd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/sparse-perf.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that a sparse file is copied efficiently, by default
+
+# Copyright (C) 2021-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+# Create a large-but-sparse file.
+timeout 10 truncate -s1T f ||
+  skip_ "unable to create a 1 TiB sparse file"
+
+# Note zfs with zfs_dmu_offset_next_sync=0 (the default)
+# will generally skip here, due to needing about 5 seconds
+# between the creation of the file and the use of SEEK_DATA,
+# for it to determine it's an empty file (return ENXIO).
+seek_data_capable_ f ||
+  skip_ "this file system lacks appropriate SEEK_DATA support"
+
+# Nothing can read that many bytes in so little time.
+timeout 10 cp --reflink=never f f2 || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that the sparse file copied through SEEK_DATA has the same size
+# in bytes as the original.
+test "$(stat --printf %s f)" = "$(stat --printf %s f2)" || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/sparse-to-pipe.sh b/tests/cp/sparse-to-pipe.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3c3f8f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/sparse-to-pipe.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# copy a sparse file to a pipe, to exercise some seldom-used parts of copy.c
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+require_sparse_support_
+
+# Terminate any background cp process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+mkfifo_or_skip_ pipe
+timeout 10 cat pipe > copy & pid=$!
+
+truncate -s1M sparse || framework_failure_
+cp sparse pipe || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that the cat has completed before comparing.
+wait $pid
+
+cmp sparse copy || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/sparse.sh b/tests/cp/sparse.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ea5cba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/sparse.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test cp --sparse=always
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+require_sparse_support_
+
+# Create a sparse file.
+# It has to be at least 128K in order to be sparse on some systems.
+# Make its size one larger than 128K, in order to tickle the
+# bug in coreutils-6.0.
+size=$(expr 128 \* 1024 + 1)
+dd bs=1 seek=$size of=sparse < /dev/null 2> /dev/null || framework_failure_
+
+# Avoid reflinking. We want to test hole navigation here.
+cp_no_reflink() {
+  cp --reflink=never "$@"
+}
+
+cp_no_reflink --sparse=always sparse copy || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that the copy has the same block count as the original.
+test $(stat --printf %b copy) -le $(stat --printf %b sparse) || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that --sparse={always,never} with --reflink fail.
+returns_ 1 cp --sparse=always --reflink sparse copy || fail=1
+returns_ 1 cp --sparse=never --reflink sparse copy || fail=1
+
+
+# Ensure we handle sparse/non-sparse transitions correctly
+maxn=128 # how many $hole_size chunks per file
+hole_size=$(stat -c %o copy)
+dd if=/dev/zero bs=$hole_size count=$maxn of=zeros || framework_failure_
+tr '\0' 'U' < zeros > nonzero || framework_failure_
+
+for pattern in 1 0; do
+  test "$pattern" = 1 && pattern="$(printf '%s\n%s' nonzero zeros)"
+  test "$pattern" = 0 && pattern="$(printf '%s\n%s' zeros nonzero)"
+
+  for n in 1 2 4 11 32 $maxn; do
+    parts=$(expr $maxn / $n)
+
+    rm -f file.in
+
+    # Generate non sparse file for copying with alternating
+    # hole/data patterns of size n * $hole_size
+    for i in $(yes "$pattern" | head -n$parts); do
+      dd iflag=fullblock if=$i of=file.in conv=notrunc oflag=append \
+         bs=$hole_size count=$n status=none || framework_failure_
+    done
+
+    cp_no_reflink --sparse=always file.in sparse.out || fail=1 # non sparse in
+    cp_no_reflink --sparse=always sparse.out sparse.out2 || fail=1 # sparse in
+
+    cmp file.in sparse.out || fail=1
+    cmp file.in sparse.out2 || fail=1
+
+    ls -lsh file.in sparse.*
+  done
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/special-bits.sh b/tests/cp/special-bits.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1e4e5b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/special-bits.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure 'cp -p' preserves special bits
+# This works only when run as root.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# This test would fail due to a bug introduced in 4.0y.
+# The bug was fixed in 4.0z.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+require_root_
+
+touch a b c || framework_failure_
+chmod u+sx,go= a || framework_failure_
+chmod u=rwx,g=sx,o= b || framework_failure_
+chmod a=r,ug+sx c || framework_failure_
+chown $NON_ROOT_USERNAME . || framework_failure_
+chmod u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx . || framework_failure_
+
+
+cp -p a a2 || fail=1
+set _ $(ls -l a); shift; p1=$1
+set _ $(ls -l a2); shift; p2=$1
+test $p1 = $p2 || fail=1
+
+cp -p b b2 || fail=1
+set _ $(ls -l b); shift; p1=$1
+set _ $(ls -l b2); shift; p2=$1
+test $p1 = $p2 || fail=1
+
+chroot --skip-chdir --user=$NON_ROOT_USERNAME / env PATH="$PATH" cp -p c c2 \
+  || fail=1
+set _ $(ls -l c); shift; p1=$1
+set _ $(ls -l c2); shift; p2=$1
+test $p1 = $p2 && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/special-f.sh b/tests/cp/special-f.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2c7bf5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/special-f.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that "cp -Rf fifo E" unlinks E and retries.
+# Up until coreutils-6.10.171, it would not.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+mkfifo_or_skip_ fifo
+
+touch e || framework-failure
+
+for force in '' '-f'; do
+  # Second time through will need to unlink fifo e
+  timeout 10 cp -R $force fifo e || fail=1
+  test -p fifo || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/src-base-dot.sh b/tests/cp/src-base-dot.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2e5ac8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/src-base-dot.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that "mkdir x y; cd y; cp -ab ../x/. ." is a successful, silent, no-op.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+mkdir x y || framework_failure_
+
+cd y
+cp --verbose -ab ../x/. . > out 2>&1 || fail=1
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/symlink-slash.sh b/tests/cp/symlink-slash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..db1b5fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/symlink-slash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure that cp -dR dereferences a symlink arg if its name is
+# written with a trailing slash.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+mkdir dir || framework_failure_
+ln -s dir symlink || framework_failure_
+
+cp -dR symlink/ s || fail=1
+set $(ls -l s)
+
+# Prior to fileutils-4.0q, the following would have output ...'s -> dir'
+# because the trailing slash was removed unconditionally (now you have to
+# use the new --strip-trailing-slash option) causing cp to reproduce the
+# symlink.  Now, the trailing slash is interpreted by the stat library
+# call and so cp ends up dereferencing the symlink and copying the directory.
+test "$*" = 'total 0' && : || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/cp/thru-dangling.sh b/tests/cp/thru-dangling.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..44d0b15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cp/thru-dangling.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that cp works as documented, when the destination is a dangling symlink
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+
+ln -s no-such dangle || framework_failure_
+echo hi > f || framework_failure_
+echo hi > exp || framework_failure_
+echo "cp: not writing through dangling symlink 'dangle'" \
+    > exp-err || framework_failure_
+
+
+# Starting with 6.9.90, this usage fails, by default:
+for opt in '' '-f'; do
+  returns_ 1 cp $opt f dangle > err 2>&1 || fail=1
+  compare exp-err err || fail=1
+  test -f no-such && fail=1
+done
+
+
+# But you can set POSIXLY_CORRECT to get the historical behavior.
+env POSIXLY_CORRECT=1 cp f dangle > out 2>&1 || fail=1
+cat no-such >> out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+
+# Starting with 8.30 we treat ELOOP as existing and so
+# remove the symlink
+ln -s loop loop || framework_failure_
+cp -f f loop > err 2>&1 || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+compare exp loop || fail=1
+test -f loop || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/d_type-check b/tests/d_type-check
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a2f76f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/d_type-check
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+# Exit 0 if "." and "./tempfile" have useful d_type information, else 1.
+# Intended to exit 0 only on Linux/GNU systems.
+import os
+import sys
+import tempfile
+
+fail = 1
+fname = None
+
+try:
+  import ctypes.util
+
+  (DT_UNKNOWN, DT_DIR, DT_REG) = (0, 4, 8)
+
+  class dirent(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+      ("d_ino", ctypes.c_long),
+      ("d_off", ctypes.c_long),
+      ("d_reclen", ctypes.c_ushort),
+      ("d_type", ctypes.c_ubyte),
+      ("d_name", ctypes.c_char*256)]
+
+  # Pass NULL to dlopen, assuming the python
+  # interpreter is linked with the C runtime
+  libc = ctypes.CDLL(None)
+
+  # Setup correct types for all args and returns
+  # even if only passing, to avoid truncation etc.
+  dirp = ctypes.c_void_p
+  direntp = ctypes.POINTER(dirent)
+
+  libc.readdir.argtypes = [dirp]
+  libc.readdir.restype = direntp
+
+  libc.opendir.restype = dirp
+
+  # Ensure a file is present
+  f, fname = tempfile.mkstemp(dir='.')
+  fname = os.path.basename(fname)
+
+  dirp = libc.opendir(".")
+  if dirp:
+    while True:
+      ep = libc.readdir(dirp)
+      if not ep: break
+      d_type = ep.contents.d_type
+      name = ep.contents.d_name
+      if name == "." or name == "..":
+        if d_type != DT_DIR: break
+      # Check files too since on XFS, only dirs have DT_DIR
+      # while everything else has DT_UNKNOWN
+      elif name == fname:
+        if d_type == DT_REG:
+          fail = 0
+        break
+      elif d_type != DT_DIR and d_type != DT_UNKNOWN:
+        fail = 0
+        break
+except:
+  pass
+
+try:
+  if fname:
+    os.unlink(fname);
+except:
+  pass
+
+sys.exit(fail)
diff --git a/tests/dd/ascii.sh b/tests/dd/ascii.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..56f3b52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/dd/ascii.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# test conv=ascii
+
+# Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ dd printf
+
+{
+  # Two lines, EBCDIC " A A" and " A  ", followed by all the bytes in order.
+  env printf '\100\301\100\301\100\301\100\100' &&
+  env printf $(env printf '\\%03o' $(seq 0 255));
+} >in || framework_failure_
+
+{
+  # The converted lines, with trailing spaces removed.
+env printf \
+' A A\n A\n'\
+'\000\001\002\003\n\234\011\206\177\n'\
+'\227\215\216\013\n\014\015\016\017\n'\
+'\020\021\022\023\n\235\205\010\207\n'\
+'\030\031\222\217\n\034\035\036\037\n'\
+'\200\201\202\203\n\204\012\027\033\n'\
+'\210\211\212\213\n\214\005\006\007\n'\
+'\220\221\026\223\n\224\225\226\004\n'\
+'\230\231\232\233\n\024\025\236\032\n'\
+'\040\240\241\242\n\243\244\245\246\n'\
+'\247\250\325\056\n\074\050\053\174\n'\
+'\046\251\252\253\n\254\255\256\257\n'\
+'\260\261\041\044\n\052\051\073\176\n'\
+'\055\057\262\263\n\264\265\266\267\n'\
+'\270\271\313\054\n\045\137\076\077\n'\
+'\272\273\274\275\n\276\277\300\301\n'\
+'\302\140\072\043\n\100\047\075\042\n'\
+'\303\141\142\143\n\144\145\146\147\n'\
+'\150\151\304\305\n\306\307\310\311\n'\
+'\312\152\153\154\n\155\156\157\160\n'\
+'\161\162\136\314\n\315\316\317\320\n'\
+'\321\345\163\164\n\165\166\167\170\n'\
+'\171\172\322\323\n\324\133\326\327\n'\
+'\330\331\332\333\n\334\335\336\337\n'\
+'\340\341\342\343\n\344\135\346\347\n'\
+'\173\101\102\103\n\104\105\106\107\n'\
+'\110\111\350\351\n\352\353\354\355\n'\
+'\175\112\113\114\n\115\116\117\120\n'\
+'\121\122\356\357\n\360\361\362\363\n'\
+'\134\237\123\124\n\125\126\127\130\n'\
+'\131\132\364\365\n\366\367\370\371\n'\
+'\060\061\062\063\n\064\065\066\067\n'\
+'\070\071\372\373\n\374\375\376\377\n';
+} >exp || framework_failure_
+
+dd if=in of=out conv=ascii cbs=4 || fail=1
+
+compare exp out \
+  || { od -v -to1 exp > exp2 || framework_failure_;
+       od -v -to1 out > out2 || framework_failure_;
+       compare exp2 out2;
+       fail=1; }
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/dd/bytes.sh b/tests/dd/bytes.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..539f041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/dd/bytes.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ dd
+
+echo 0123456789abcdefghijklm > in || framework_failure_
+
+# count bytes
+for operands in "count=14B" "count=14 iflag=count_bytes"; do
+  dd $operands conv=swab < in > out 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+  case $(cat out) in
+   1032547698badc) ;;
+   *) fail=1 ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+for operands in "iseek=10B" "skip=10 iflag=skip_bytes"; do
+  # skip bytes
+  dd $operands < in > out 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+  case $(cat out) in
+   abcdefghijklm) ;;
+   *) fail=1 ;;
+  esac
+
+  # skip records and bytes from pipe
+  echo 0123456789abcdefghijklm |
+    dd $operands bs=2 > out 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+  case $(cat out) in
+   abcdefghijklm) ;;
+   *) fail=1 ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+truncate -s8 expected2
+printf '\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0abcdefghijklm\n' > expected
+
+for operands in "oseek=8B" "seek=8 oflag=seek_bytes"; do
+  # seek bytes
+  echo abcdefghijklm |
+    dd $operands bs=5 > out 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+  compare expected out || fail=1
+
+  # Just truncation, no I/O
+  dd $operands bs=5 of=out2 count=0 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+  compare expected2 out2 || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/dd/direct.sh b/tests/dd/direct.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..640f4c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/dd/direct.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that dd's iflag=direct and oflag=direct work
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ dd
+
+truncate -s 8192 in || framework_failure_
+dd if=in oflag=direct of=out 2> /dev/null \
+  || skip_ '512 byte aligned O_DIRECT is not supported on this (file) system'
+
+truncate -s 511 short || framework_failure_
+truncate -s 8191 m1 || framework_failure_
+truncate -s 8193 p1 || framework_failure_
+
+for i in short m1 p1; do
+  rm -f out
+  dd if=$i iflag=direct oflag=direct of=out || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/dd/misc.sh b/tests/dd/misc.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d20cbac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/dd/misc.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure dd treats '--' properly.
+# Also test some flag values.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1999-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ dd
+export LC_ALL=C
+
+tmp_in=dd-in
+tmp_in2=dd-in2
+tmp_sym=dd-sym
+tmp_out=dd-out
+
+warn=0
+echo data > $tmp_in || framework_failure_
+ln $tmp_in $tmp_in2 || framework_failure_
+ln -s $tmp_in $tmp_sym || framework_failure_
+
+# check status=none suppresses all output to stderr
+dd status=none if=$tmp_in of=/dev/null 2> err || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+dd status=none if=$tmp_in skip=2 of=/dev/null 2> err || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+# check later status=none overrides earlier status=noxfer
+dd status=noxfer status=none if=$tmp_in of=/dev/null 2> err || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+# check later status=noxfer overrides earlier status=none
+dd status=none status=noxfer if=$tmp_in of=/dev/null 2> err || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err && fail=1
+
+dd if=$tmp_in of=$tmp_out 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+compare $tmp_in $tmp_out || fail=1
+
+rm $tmp_out
+dd -- if=$tmp_in of=$tmp_out 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+compare $tmp_in $tmp_out || fail=1
+
+if dd oflag=append if=$tmp_in of=$tmp_out 2> /dev/null; then
+  compare $tmp_in $tmp_out || fail=1
+fi
+
+case $(cat /dev/stdin <$tmp_in 2>/dev/null) in
+(data)
+  rm -f $tmp_out
+  dd if=/dev/stdin of=$tmp_out <$tmp_in || fail=1
+  compare $tmp_in $tmp_out || fail=1
+esac
+
+if dd iflag=nofollow if=$tmp_in count=0 2> /dev/null; then
+  returns_ 1 dd iflag=nofollow if=$tmp_sym count=0 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+fi
+
+if dd iflag=directory if=. count=0 2> /dev/null; then
+  dd iflag=directory count=0 <. 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+  returns_ 1 dd iflag=directory count=0 <$tmp_in 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+fi
+
+old_ls=$(ls -u --full-time $tmp_in)
+sleep 1
+if dd iflag=noatime if=$tmp_in of=$tmp_out 2> /dev/null; then
+  new_ls=$(ls -u --full-time $tmp_in)
+  if test "x$old_ls" != "x$new_ls"; then
+    cat >&2 <<EOF
+=================================================================
+$0: WARNING!!!
+This operating system has the O_NOATIME file status flag,
+but it is silently ignored in some cases.
+Therefore, dd options like iflag=noatime may be silently ignored.
+=================================================================
+EOF
+    warn=77
+  fi
+fi
+
+if dd oflag=nolinks if=$tmp_in of=$tmp_out 2> /dev/null; then
+  returns_ 1 dd iflag=nolinks if=$tmp_in > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+  returns_ 1 dd iflag=nolinks < $tmp_in > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+  dd oflag=nolinks < $tmp_in > $tmp_out 2>&1 || fail=1
+fi
+
+outbytes=$(echo x | dd bs=3 ibs=10 obs=10 conv=sync 2>/dev/null | wc -c)
+test "$outbytes" -eq 3 || fail=1
+
+# A delay is required to trigger a failure.
+# There might be some missed failures but it's unlikely.
+(echo a; sleep .1; echo b) \
+  | dd bs=4 status=noxfer iflag=fullblock >out 2>err || fail=1
+printf 'a\nb\n' > out_ok || framework_failure_
+echo "1+0 records in
+1+0 records out" > err_ok || framework_failure_
+compare out_ok out || fail=1
+compare err_ok err || fail=1
+
+test $fail -eq 0 && fail=$warn
+
+# Check a warning is issued for ambiguous 0x... numbers
+dd if=/dev/null count=0x1 seek=0x1 skip=0x1 status=none 2>err || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF >exp
+dd: warning: '0x' is a zero multiplier; use '00x' if that is intended
+dd: warning: '0x' is a zero multiplier; use '00x' if that is intended
+dd: warning: '0x' is a zero multiplier; use '00x' if that is intended
+EOF
+compare exp err || fail=1
+
+echo "0+0 records in
+0+0 records out" >err_ok || framework_failure_
+big=9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
+dd if=$tmp_in of=$tmp_out count=00x$big status=noxfer 2>err || fail=1
+compare /dev/null $tmp_out || fail=1
+compare err_ok err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/dd/no-allocate.sh b/tests/dd/no-allocate.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cedfa79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/dd/no-allocate.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure that dd doesn't allocate memory unnecessarily
+
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ dd
+
+# Determine basic amount of memory needed.
+echo . > f || framework_failure_
+vm=$(get_min_ulimit_v_ timeout 10 dd if=f of=f2 status=none) \
+  || skip_ "this shell lacks ulimit support"
+rm f f2 || framework_failure_
+
+# count and skip are zero, we don't need to allocate memory
+(ulimit -v $vm && dd  bs=30M count=0) || fail=1
+(ulimit -v $vm && dd ibs=30M count=0) || fail=1
+(ulimit -v $vm && dd obs=30M count=0) || fail=1
+
+check_dd_seek_alloc() {
+  local file="$1"
+  local buf="$2"
+  test "$file" = 'in' && { dd_file=if; dd_op=skip; }
+  test "$file" = 'out' && { dd_file=of; dd_op=seek; }
+  test "$buf" = 'in' && { dd_buf=ibs; }
+  test "$buf" = 'out' && { dd_buf=obs; }
+  test "$buf" = 'both' && { dd_buf=bs; }
+
+  # Provide input to the "tape"
+  timeout 10 dd count=1 if=/dev/zero of=tape&
+
+  # Allocate buffer and read from the "tape"
+  (ulimit -v $vm \
+     && timeout 10 dd $dd_buf=30M $dd_op=1 count=0 $dd_file=tape)
+  local ret=$?
+
+  # Be defensive in case the tape reader is blocked for some reason
+  test $ret = 124 && framework_failure_
+
+  # This should happen without delay,
+  # and is used to ensure we've not multiple writers to the "tape"
+  wait
+
+  # We want the "tape" reader to fail iff allocating
+  # a large buffer corresponding to the file being read
+  case "$file$buf" in
+    inout|outin) test $ret = 0;;
+    *) test $ret != 0;;
+  esac
+}
+
+# Use a fifo for which seek fails, but read does not.
+# For non seekable output we need to allocate a buffer
+# when simulating seeking with a read.
+if mkfifo tape; then
+  for file in 'in' 'out'; do
+    for buf in 'both' 'in' 'out'; do
+      check_dd_seek_alloc "$file" "$buf" || fail=1
+    done
+  done
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/dd/nocache.sh b/tests/dd/nocache.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3aee114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/dd/nocache.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure dd handles the 'nocache' flag
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ dd
+
+# This should not call posix_fadvise
+dd iflag=nocache oflag=nocache if=/dev/null of=/dev/null || fail=1
+
+# We should get an error for trying to process a pipe
+dd count=0 | returns_ 1 dd iflag=nocache count=0 || fail=1
+
+# O_DIRECT is orthogonal to drop cache so mutually exclusive
+returns_ 1 dd iflag=nocache,direct if=/dev/null || fail=1
+
+# The rest ensure that the documented uses cases
+# proceed without error
+for f in ifile ofile; do
+  dd if=/dev/zero of=$f conv=fdatasync count=100 || framework_failure_
+done
+
+# Advise to drop cache for whole file
+if ! dd if=ifile iflag=nocache count=0 2>err; then
+  # We could check for 'Operation not supported' in err here,
+  # but that was seen to be brittle. HPUX returns ENOTTY for example.
+  # So assume that if this basic operation fails, it's due to lack
+  # of support by the system.
+  warn_ 'skipping part; this file system lacks support for posix_fadvise()'
+  skip=1
+fi
+
+if test "$skip" != 1; then
+  # Ensure drop cache for whole file
+  dd of=ofile oflag=nocache conv=notrunc,fdatasync count=0 || fail=1
+
+  # Drop cache for part of file
+  dd if=ifile iflag=nocache skip=10 count=10 of=/dev/null || fail=1
+
+  # Stream data just using readahead cache
+  dd if=ifile of=ofile iflag=nocache oflag=nocache || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/dd/nocache_eof.sh b/tests/dd/nocache_eof.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7de765c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/dd/nocache_eof.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure dd invalidates to EOF when appropriate
+
+# Copyright (C) 2017-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ dd
+require_strace_ fadvise64,fadvise64_64
+
+head -c1234567 /dev/zero > in.f || framework_failure_
+
+# Check basic operation or skip.
+# We could check for 'Operation not supported' error here,
+# but that was seen to be brittle. HPUX returns ENOTTY for example.
+# So assume that if this basic operation fails, it's due to lack
+# of support by the system.
+dd if=in.f iflag=nocache count=0 ||
+  skip_ 'this file system lacks support for posix_fadvise()'
+
+strace_dd() {
+  strace -o dd.strace -e fadvise64,fadvise64_64 dd status=none "$@" || fail=1
+}
+
+advised_to_eof() {
+  grep -F ' 0, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED' dd.strace >/dev/null
+}
+
+# The commented fadvise64 calls are what are expected with
+# a 4KiB page size and 128KiB IO_BUFSIZE.
+
+strace_dd if=in.f of=out.f bs=1M oflag=nocache,sync
+#fadvise64(1, 0, 1048576, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+#fadvise64(1, 1048576, 131072, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+#fadvise64(1, 1179648, 0, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+advised_to_eof || fail=1
+
+strace_dd if=in.f count=0 iflag=nocache
+#fadvise64(0, 0, 0, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+advised_to_eof || fail=1
+
+strace_dd if=in.f of=/dev/null iflag=nocache skip=10 count=300
+#fadvise64(0, 5120, 131072, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+#fadvise64(0, 136192, 22528, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+returns_ 1 advised_to_eof || fail=1
+
+strace_dd if=in.f of=/dev/null iflag=nocache bs=1M count=3000
+#fadvise64(0, 0, 1048576, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+#fadvise64(0, 1048576, 131072, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+#fadvise64(0, 1179648, 0, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+advised_to_eof || fail=1
+
+strace_dd if=in.f of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1 iflag=nocache
+#fadvise64(0, 0, 1048576, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+returns_ 1 advised_to_eof || fail=1
+
+strace_dd if=in.f of=out.f bs=1M iflag=nocache oflag=nocache,sync
+#fadvise64(0, 0, 1048576, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+#fadvise64(1, 0, 1048576, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+#fadvise64(0, 1048576, 131072, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+#fadvise64(1, 1048576, 131072, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+#fadvise64(0, 1179648, 0, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+#fadvise64(1, 1179648, 0, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+advised_to_eof || fail=1
+
+# Ensure sub page size offsets are handled.
+# I.e., only page aligned offsets are sent to fadvise.
+if ! strace -o dd.strace -e fadvise64,fadvise64_64 dd status=none \
+ if=in.f of=out.f bs=1M oflag=direct oseek=512B; then
+  warn_ '512 byte aligned O_DIRECT is not supported on this (file) system'
+  # The current file system may not support O_DIRECT,
+  # or older XFS had a page size alignment requirement
+else
+  #The first call is redundant but inconsequential
+  #fadvise64(1, 1048576, 0, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+  #fadvise64(1, 1048576, 0, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+  advised_to_eof || fail=1
+
+  strace_dd if=in.f of=out.f bs=1M oflag=direct
+  #fadvise64(1, 1048576, 0, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+  #fadvise64(1, 1048576, 0, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) = 0
+  advised_to_eof || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/dd/not-rewound.sh b/tests/dd/not-rewound.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..60c93c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/dd/not-rewound.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure dd does the right thing when the input file descriptor
+# is not rewound.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ dd
+
+
+echo abcde > in
+(dd skip=1 count=1 bs=1; dd skip=1 bs=1) < in > out 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+case $(cat out) in
+  bde) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/dd/reblock.sh b/tests/dd/reblock.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ce3716c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/dd/reblock.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# test dd reblocking vs. bs=
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ dd
+
+# 2 short reads -> 1 full write + 1 partial write
+cat <<\EOF > exp-reblock || framework_failure_
+0+2 records in
+1+1 records out
+4 bytes copied
+EOF
+
+# 2 short reads -> 2 partial writes
+cat <<\EOF > exp-no-reblock || framework_failure_
+0+2 records in
+0+2 records out
+4 bytes copied
+EOF
+
+
+# Use a fifo rather than a pipe in the tests below
+# so that the producer (printf subshell) will wait
+# until the consumer (dd) opens the fifo therefore
+# increasing the chance that dd will read the data
+# from each printf separately.
+mkfifo_or_skip_ dd.fifo
+
+dd_reblock_1()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+
+  # ensure that dd reblocks when bs= is not specified
+  dd ibs=3 obs=3 if=dd.fifo > out 2> err&
+  (printf 'ab'; sleep $delay; printf 'cd') > dd.fifo
+  wait #for dd to complete
+  sed 's/,.*//' err > k && mv k err
+  compare exp-reblock err
+}
+
+retry_delay_ dd_reblock_1 .1 6 || fail=1
+
+dd_reblock_2()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+
+  # Demonstrate that bs=N supersedes even following ibs= and obs= settings.
+  dd bs=3 ibs=1 obs=1 if=dd.fifo > out 2> err&
+  (printf 'ab'; sleep $delay; printf 'cd') > dd.fifo
+  wait #for dd to complete
+  sed 's/,.*//' err > k && mv k err
+  compare exp-no-reblock err
+}
+
+retry_delay_ dd_reblock_2 .1 6 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/dd/skip-seek-past-dev.sh b/tests/dd/skip-seek-past-dev.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..55c8741
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/dd/skip-seek-past-dev.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# test diagnostics are printed immediately when seeking beyond device.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ dd
+
+# need write access to local device
+# (even though we don't actually write anything)
+require_root_
+require_local_dir_
+
+get_device_size() {
+  BLOCKDEV=blockdev
+  $BLOCKDEV -V >/dev/null 2>&1 || BLOCKDEV=/sbin/blockdev
+  $BLOCKDEV --getsize64 "$1"
+}
+
+
+# Get path to device the current dir is on.
+# Note df can only get fs size, not device size.
+device=$(df --output=source . | tail -n1) || framework_failure_
+
+dev_size=$(get_device_size "$device") ||
+  skip_ "failed to determine size of $device"
+
+# Don't use shell arithmetic as older versions of dash use longs
+DEV_OFLOW=$(expr $dev_size + 1) || framework_failure_
+
+timeout 10 dd bs=1 skip=$DEV_OFLOW count=0 status=noxfer < "$device" 2> err
+test "$?" = "1" || fail=1
+echo "dd: 'standard input': cannot skip: Invalid argument
+0+0 records in
+0+0 records out" > err_ok || framework_failure_
+compare err_ok err || fail=1
+
+timeout 10 dd bs=1 seek=$DEV_OFLOW count=0 status=noxfer > "$device" 2> err
+test "$?" = "1" || fail=1
+echo "dd: 'standard output': cannot seek: Invalid argument
+0+0 records in
+0+0 records out" > err_ok || framework_failure_
+compare err_ok err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/dd/skip-seek-past-file.sh b/tests/dd/skip-seek-past-file.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e952448
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/dd/skip-seek-past-file.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# test diagnostics are printed when seeking too far in seekable files.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ dd
+require_sparse_support_ # for 'truncate --size=$OFF_T_MAX'
+eval $(getlimits) # for OFF_T limits
+export LC_ALL=C
+
+printf "1234" > file || framework_failure_
+
+echo "\
+dd: 'standard input': cannot skip to specified offset
+0+0 records in
+0+0 records out" > skip_err || framework_failure_
+
+# skipping beyond number of blocks in file should issue a warning
+dd bs=1 skip=5 count=0 status=noxfer < file 2> err || fail=1
+compare skip_err err || fail=1
+
+# skipping beyond number of bytes in file should issue a warning
+dd bs=3 skip=2 count=0 status=noxfer < file 2> err || fail=1
+compare skip_err err || fail=1
+
+# skipping beyond number of blocks in pipe should issue a warning
+cat file | dd bs=1 skip=5 count=0 status=noxfer 2> err || fail=1
+compare skip_err err || fail=1
+
+# skipping beyond number of bytes in pipe should issue a warning
+cat file | dd bs=3 skip=2 count=0 status=noxfer 2> err || fail=1
+compare skip_err err || fail=1
+
+# Check seeking beyond file already offset into
+# skipping beyond number of blocks in file should issue a warning
+(dd bs=1 skip=1 count=0 2>/dev/null &&
+ dd bs=1 skip=4 status=noxfer 2> err) < file || fail=1
+compare skip_err err || fail=1
+
+# Check seeking beyond file already offset into
+# skipping beyond number of bytes in file should issue a warning
+(dd bs=1 skip=1 count=0 2>/dev/null &&
+ dd bs=2 skip=2 status=noxfer 2> err) < file || fail=1
+compare skip_err err || fail=1
+
+# seeking beyond end of file is OK
+dd bs=1 seek=5 count=0 status=noxfer > file 2> err || fail=1
+echo "0+0 records in
+0+0 records out" > err_ok || framework_failure_
+compare err_ok err || fail=1
+
+# skipping > OFF_T_MAX should fail immediately
+dd bs=1 skip=$OFF_T_OFLOW count=0 status=noxfer < file 2> err && fail=1
+# error message should be "... invalid number: strerror(EOVERFLOW)"
+grep "invalid number:" err >/dev/null || fail=1
+dd bs=1 skip=${OFF_T_OFLOW}x$OFF_T_OFLOW count=0 status=noxfer < file 2> err &&
+    fail=1
+grep "invalid number:" err >/dev/null || fail=1
+
+# skipping > max file size should fail immediately
+if ! truncate --size=$OFF_T_MAX in 2>/dev/null; then
+  # truncate is to ensure file system doesn't actually support OFF_T_MAX files
+  dd bs=1 skip=$OFF_T_MAX count=0 status=noxfer < file 2> err \
+    && lseek_ok=yes \
+    || lseek_ok=no
+
+  if test $lseek_ok = yes; then
+    # On Solaris 10 at least, lseek(>max file size) succeeds,
+    # so just check for the skip warning.
+    compare skip_err err || fail=1
+  else
+    # On Linux kernels at least, lseek(>max file size) fails.
+    # error message should be "... cannot skip: strerror(EINVAL)"
+    grep "cannot skip:" err >/dev/null || fail=1
+  fi
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/dd/skip-seek.pl b/tests/dd/skip-seek.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0fcb1cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/dd/skip-seek.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test dd's skip and seek options.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+my $out = 'out';
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     [
+      'sk-seek1',
+      qw (bs=1 skip=1 seek=2 conv=notrunc count=3 status=noxfer of=@AUX@ < ),
+      {IN=> '0123456789abcdef'},
+      {AUX=> 'zyxwvutsrqponmlkji'},
+      {OUT=> ''},
+      {ERR=> "3+0 records in\n3+0 records out\n"},
+      {CMP=> ['zy123utsrqponmlkji', {'@AUX@'=> undef}]},
+     ],
+     [
+      'sk-seek2',
+      qw (bs=5 skip=1 seek=1 conv=notrunc count=1 status=noxfer of=@AUX@ < ),
+      {IN=> '0123456789abcdef'},
+      {AUX=> 'zyxwvutsrqponmlkji'},
+      {OUT=> ''},
+      {ERR=> "1+0 records in\n1+0 records out\n"},
+      {CMP=> ['zyxwv56789ponmlkji', {'@AUX@'=> undef}]},
+     ],
+     [
+      'sk-seek3',
+      qw (bs=5 skip=1 seek=1 count=1 status=noxfer of=@AUX@ < ),
+      {IN=> '0123456789abcdef'},
+      {AUX=> 'zyxwvutsrqponmlkji'},
+      {OUT=> ''},
+      {ERR=> "1+0 records in\n1+0 records out\n"},
+      {CMP=> ['zyxwv56789', {'@AUX@'=> undef}]},
+     ],
+     [
+      # Before fileutils-4.0.45, the last 10 bytes of output
+      # were these "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0  ".
+      'block-sync-1', qw(ibs=10 cbs=10 status=noxfer), 'conv=block,sync', '<',
+      {IN=> "01234567\nabcdefghijkl\n"},
+      {OUT=> "01234567  abcdefghij          "},
+      {ERR=> "2+1 records in\n0+1 records out\n1 truncated record\n"},
+     ],
+     [
+      # Before coreutils-5.93, this would output just "c\n".
+      'sk-seek4', qw(bs=1 skip=1 status=noxfer),
+      {IN_PIPE=> "abc\n"},
+      {OUT=> "bc\n"},
+      {ERR=> "3+0 records in\n3+0 records out\n"},
+     ],
+     [
+      # Check that iseek and oseek aliases work too.
+      'sk-seek5',
+      qw (bs=1 iseek=1 oseek=2 conv=notrunc count=3 status=noxfer of=@AUX@ < ),
+      {IN=> '0123456789abcdef'},
+      {AUX=> 'zyxwvutsrqponmlkji'},
+      {OUT=> ''},
+      {ERR=> "3+0 records in\n3+0 records out\n"},
+      {CMP=> ['zy123utsrqponmlkji', {'@AUX@'=> undef}]},
+     ],
+    );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $prog = 'dd';
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/dd/skip-seek2.sh b/tests/dd/skip-seek2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..779e1b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/dd/skip-seek2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# show how to skip an amount that is smaller than the nominal block size.
+# There's a more realistic example in the documentation.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ dd
+
+
+echo LA:3456789abcdef > in || framework_failure_
+(dd bs=1 skip=3 count=0 && dd bs=5) < in > out 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+case $(cat out) in
+  3456789abcdef) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+
+echo LA:3456789abcdef > in || framework_failure_
+(dd bs=1 skip=3 count=0 && dd bs=5 count=2) < in > out 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+case $(cat out) in
+  3456789abc) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/dd/sparse.sh b/tests/dd/sparse.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..87477a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/dd/sparse.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ dd
+is_local_dir_ . || very_expensive_
+require_sparse_support_
+
+# Ensure basic sparse generation works
+truncate -s1M sparse
+dd bs=32K if=sparse of=sparse.dd conv=sparse
+test $(stat -c %s sparse) = $(stat -c %s sparse.dd) || fail=1
+
+# Demonstrate that conv=sparse with oflag=append,
+# will do ineffective seeks in the output
+printf 'a\000\000b' > file.in
+printf 'ab' > exp
+dd if=file.in bs=1 conv=sparse oflag=append > out
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Demonstrate conv=sparse with conv=notrunc,
+# where data in file.out is not overwritten with NULs
+printf '____' > out
+printf 'a__b' > exp
+dd if=file.in bs=1 conv=sparse,notrunc of=out
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure we fall back to write if seek fails
+dd if=file.in bs=1 conv=sparse | cat > file.out
+cmp file.in file.out || fail=1
+
+# Setup for block size tests: create a 3MiB file with a 1MiB
+# stretch of NUL bytes in the middle.
+rm -f file.in
+dd if=/dev/urandom of=file.in bs=1M count=3 iflag=fullblock || fail=1
+dd if=/dev/zero    of=file.in bs=1M count=1 seek=1 conv=notrunc || fail=1
+
+kb_alloc() { du -k "$1"|cut -f1; }
+
+# sync out data for async allocators like NFS/BTRFS
+# sync file.in || fail=1
+
+# If our just-created input file appears to be too small,
+# skip the remaining tests.  On at least Solaris 10 with NFS,
+# file.in is reported to occupy <= 1KiB for about 50 seconds
+# after its creation.
+if test $(kb_alloc file.in) -gt 3000; then
+
+  # Ensure NUL blocks smaller than the *output* block size are not made sparse.
+  # Here, with a 2MiB block size, dd's conv=sparse must *not* introduce a hole.
+  dd if=file.in of=file.out ibs=1M obs=2M conv=sparse || fail=1
+
+  # Intermittently BTRFS returns 0 allocation for file.out unless synced
+  sync file.out || framework_failure_
+  test 2500 -lt $(kb_alloc file.out) || fail=1
+
+  # Note we recreate a sparse file first to avoid
+  # speculative preallocation seen in XFS, where a write() that
+  # extends a file can preallocate some extra space that
+  # a subsequent seek will not convert to a hole.
+  rm -f file.out
+  truncate --size=3M file.out
+
+  # Ensure that this 1MiB *output* block of NULs *is* converted to a hole.
+  dd if=file.in of=file.out ibs=2M obs=1M conv=sparse,notrunc
+  if test $(kb_alloc file.out) -ge 2500; then
+    # Double check the failure by creating a sparse file in
+    # the traditional manner for comparison, as we're not guaranteed
+    # that seek=1M will create a hole.  apfs on darwin 19.2.0 for example
+    # was seen to not to create holes < 16MiB.
+    dd if=file.in of=manual.out bs=1M count=1 || fail=1
+    dd if=file.in of=manual.out bs=1M count=1 seek=2 conv=notrunc || fail=1
+
+    test $(kb_alloc file.out) -eq $(kb_alloc manual.out) || fail=1
+  fi
+
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/dd/stats.sh b/tests/dd/stats.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..94df3bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/dd/stats.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Check stats output for SIG{INFO,USR1} and status=progress
+
+# Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ dd
+require_trap_signame_
+
+kill -l | grep 'INFO' && SIGINFO='INFO' || SIGINFO='USR1'
+
+# This to avoid races in the USR1 case
+# as the dd process will terminate by default until
+# it has its handler enabled.
+trap '' $SIGINFO
+
+mkfifo_or_skip_ fifo
+
+# Terminate any background processes
+cleanup_()
+{
+  kill $pid  2>/dev/null
+  kill $pid2 2>/dev/null
+  wait
+}
+
+for open in '' '1'; do
+  > err || framework_failure_
+
+  # Run dd with the fullblock iflag to avoid short reads
+  # which can be triggered by reception of signals
+  dd iflag=fullblock if=/dev/zero of=fifo count=50 bs=5000000 2>err & pid=$!
+
+  # Note if we sleep here we give dd a chance to exec and block on open.
+  # Otherwise we're probably testing SIG_IGN in the forked shell or early dd.
+  test "$open" && sleep .1
+
+  # dd will block on open until fifo is opened for reading.
+  # Timeout in case dd goes away erroneously which we check for below.
+  timeout 60 sh -c 'wc -c < fifo > nwritten' & pid2=$!
+
+  # Send lots of signals immediately to ensure dd not killed due
+  # to race setting handler, or blocking on open of fifo.
+  # Many signals also check that short reads are handled.
+  until ! kill -s $SIGINFO $pid 2>/dev/null; do
+    sleep .01
+  done
+
+  wait
+
+  # Ensure all data processed and at least last status written
+  grep '250000000 bytes (250 MB, 238 MiB) copied' err || { cat err; fail=1; }
+done
+
+progress_output()
+{
+  { sleep $1; echo 1; } | dd bs=1 status=progress of=/dev/null 2>err
+  # Progress output should be for "byte copied", while final is "bytes ..."
+  grep 'byte copied' err
+}
+retry_delay_ progress_output 1 4 || { cat err; fail=1; }
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/dd/stderr.sh b/tests/dd/stderr.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..93dd5a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/dd/stderr.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure dd recognizes failure to write to stderr.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ dd
+
+p=$abs_top_builddir
+
+
+# Ensure this exits successfully, even though stderr is closed,
+# because it generates no stderr output.
+dd --help >/dev/null 2>&- || fail=1
+
+# If 2>&- works, ensure this fails, because stderr is closed and it
+# *does* generate output.  2>&- apparently does not work in HP-UX 11.23.
+# This test is ineffective unless /dev/stderr also works.
+# This exposes a failure present in 6.11 through 7.5.
+if "$p/src/test" -w /dev/stderr 2>/dev/null &&
+   "$p/src/test" ! -w /dev/stderr 2>&-; then
+  : | returns_ 1 dd 2>&- || fail=1
+fi
+
+# Likewise for /dev/full, if /dev/full works.
+if test -w /dev/full && test -c /dev/full; then
+  : | returns_ 1 dd 2>/dev/full || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/dd/unblock-sync.sh b/tests/dd/unblock-sync.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..213dea0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/dd/unblock-sync.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that dd conv=unblock,sync works.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ dd
+
+printf 000100020003xx > in || framework_failure_
+
+
+dd cbs=4 ibs=4 conv=unblock,sync < in > out 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+0001
+0002
+0003
+xx
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/dd/unblock.pl b/tests/dd/unblock.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..08701b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/dd/unblock.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Exercise dd's conv=unblock mode
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+my $out = 'out';
+
+my @t =
+  (
+   # An empty test name signals that these are the arguments to use for the
+   # following tests.
+   ['', [qw (cbs=3 conv=unblock status=noxfer < )]],
+   ['0', '', ''],
+   ['1', "a\n  ", "a\n\n\n"],
+   ['2', "a\n ",  "a\n\n"],
+   ['3', "a  ",   "a\n"],
+   ['4', "a \n ", "a \n\n\n"],
+   ['5', "a \n",  "a \n\n"],
+   ['6', "a   ",  "a\n\n"],
+   ['7', "a  \n", "a\n\n\n"],
+  );
+
+my @Tests;
+my $args;
+foreach my $t (@t)
+  {
+    $t->[0] eq ''
+      and $args = $t->[1], next;
+
+    push @Tests, [$t->[0], @$args, {IN=>$t->[1]}, {OUT=>$t->[2]},
+                  {ERR_SUBST=>'s/^\d+\+\d+ records (?:in|out)$//'},
+                  {ERR=>"\n\n"}];
+  }
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $prog = 'dd';
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/df/df-P.sh b/tests/df/df-P.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f1ad167
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/df/df-P.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that df -P is not affected by BLOCK_SIZE settings
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ df
+
+
+              df -P . > t1 || fail=1
+BLOCK_SIZE=1M df -P . > t2 || fail=1
+
+# Since file system utilization may be changing, compare only df's header line.
+# That records the block size.  E.g., for "1M", it would be:
+# Filesystem         1048576-blocks      Used Available Capacity Mounted on
+# while for 1K, it would be
+# Filesystem         1024-blocks      Used Available Capacity Mounted on
+
+head -n1 t1 > exp || fail=1
+head -n1 t2 > out || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/df/df-output.sh b/tests/df/df-output.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f12f8c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/df/df-output.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise df's --output option.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ df
+
+# Ensure that --output is mutually exclusive with -i, -P, and -T.
+# Ensure that this limitation is not depending on the order of options.
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+df: options OPT and --output are mutually exclusive
+Try 'df --help' for more information.
+EOF
+
+df -i --output '.' 2>out && fail=1
+sed 's/ -i / OPT /' out > out2
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+df --output -i '.' 2>out && fail=1
+sed 's/ -i / OPT /' out > out2
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+df -P --output '.' 2>out && fail=1
+sed 's/ -P / OPT /' out > out2
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+df --output -P '.' 2>out && fail=1
+sed 's/ -P / OPT /' out > out2
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+df -T --output '.' 2>out && fail=1
+sed 's/ -T / OPT /' out > out2
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+df --output -T '.' 2>out && fail=1
+sed 's/ -T / OPT /' out > out2
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that each field is only used once for the --output argument.
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+df: option --output: field 'target' used more than once
+Try 'df --help' for more information.
+EOF
+
+df --output=target,source,target '.' 2>out && fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that this limitation also works for splitted --output options.
+df --out=target,source --out=target '.' 2>out && fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that the full output includes all fields, and
+# that --o (without argument) is identical to the full list.
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+Filesystem Type Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Size Used Avail Use% File Mounted on
+EOF
+
+df -h --o=source,fstype,itotal,iused,iavail,ipcent \
+ --o=size,used,avail,pcent,file,target '.' >out || fail=1
+sed -e '1 {
+          s/ [ ]*/ /g
+          q
+        }' out > out2
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+df -h --output '.' >out || fail=1
+sed -e '1 {
+          s/ [ ]*/ /g
+          q
+        }' out > out2
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that --output indicates the block size
+# when not using --human-readable
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+1K-blocks
+EOF
+
+df -B1K --output=size '.' >out || fail=1
+sed -e '1 {
+          s/ *//
+          q
+        }' out > out2
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that the grand total line now contains a "-" in the TARGET field ...
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+-
+EOF
+
+df --output=source,target --total '.' >out || fail=1
+sed -n -e '3 {
+             s/^total[ ]*//
+             p
+             q
+           }' out > out2
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+# ... but it should read "total" if there is no SOURCE field.
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+total
+EOF
+
+df --output=target --total '.' >out || fail=1
+sed -n -e '3 {
+             p
+             q
+           }' out > out2
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that --output is mentioned in the usage.
+df --help > out || fail=1
+grep ' --output' out >/dev/null || { fail=1; cat out; }
+
+# Ensure that the FILE field contains the argument.
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+.
+exp
+EOF
+
+df --output=file '.' exp >out || fail=1
+sed '1d' out > out2
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/df/df-symlink.sh b/tests/df/df-symlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0ee47d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/df/df-symlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that df dereferences symlinks to file system nodes
+
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ df
+
+file_system=$(df --out=source '.' | tail -n1) ||
+  skip_ "cannot determine '.' file system"
+
+ln -s "$file_system" symlink || framework_failure_
+
+df --out=source,target "$file_system" > exp ||
+  skip_ "cannot get info for $file_system"
+df --out=source,target symlink > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure we output the same values for device nodes and '.'
+# This was not the case in coreutil-8.22 on systems
+# where the device in the mount list was a symlink itself.
+# I.e., '.' => /dev/mapper/fedora-home -> /dev/dm-2
+# Restrict this test to systems with a 1:1 mapping between
+# source and target.  This excludes for example BTRFS sub-volumes.
+if test "$(df --output=source | grep -F "$file_system" | wc -l)" = 1; then
+  df --out=source,target '.' > out || fail=1
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+fi
+
+test "$fail" = 1 && dump_mount_list_
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/df/header.sh b/tests/df/header.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b87aff7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/df/header.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that "df ." outputs a header.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ df
+
+case $(df .) in
+*'
+'*) ;;
+*) fail=1;;
+esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/df/no-mtab-status.sh b/tests/df/no-mtab-status.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0368254
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/df/no-mtab-status.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test df's behaviour when the mount list cannot be read.
+# This test is skipped on systems that lack LD_PRELOAD support; that's fine.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ df
+require_gcc_shared_
+
+# Protect against inaccessible remote mounts etc.
+timeout 10 df || skip_ "df fails"
+
+grep '^#define HAVE_MNTENT_H 1' $CONFIG_HEADER > /dev/null \
+      || skip_ "no mntent.h available to confirm the interface"
+
+grep '^#define HAVE_GETMNTENT 1' $CONFIG_HEADER > /dev/null \
+      || skip_ "getmntent is not used on this system"
+
+# Simulate "mtab" failure.
+cat > k.c <<EOF || framework_failure_
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <mntent.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+#define STREQ(a, b) (strcmp (a, b) == 0)
+
+FILE* fopen(const char *path, const char *mode)
+{
+  static FILE* (*fopen_func)(char const *, char const *);
+
+  /* get reference to original (libc provided) fopen */
+  if (!fopen_func)
+    {
+      fopen_func = (FILE*(*)(char const *, char const *))
+                   dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "fopen");
+      if (!fopen_func)
+        {
+          fprintf (stderr, "Failed to find fopen()\n");
+          errno = ESRCH;
+          return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+  /* Returning ENOENT here will get read_file_system_list()
+     to fall back to using getmntent() below.  */
+  if (STREQ (path, "/proc/self/mountinfo"))
+    {
+      errno = ENOENT;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  else
+    return fopen_func(path, mode);
+}
+
+struct mntent *getmntent (FILE *fp)
+{
+  /* Prove that LD_PRELOAD works. */
+  static int done = 0;
+  if (!done)
+    {
+      fclose (fopen ("x", "w"));
+      ++done;
+    }
+  /* Now simulate the failure. */
+  errno = ENOENT;
+  return NULL;
+}
+EOF
+
+# Then compile/link it:
+gcc_shared_ k.c k.so \
+  || framework_failure_ 'failed to build shared library'
+
+cleanup_() { unset LD_PRELOAD; }
+
+export LD_PRELOAD=$LD_PRELOAD:./k.so
+
+# Test if LD_PRELOAD works:
+df 2>/dev/null
+test -f x || skip_ "internal test failure: maybe LD_PRELOAD doesn't work?"
+
+# These tests are supposed to succeed:
+df '.' || fail=1
+df -i '.' || fail=1
+df -T '.' || fail=1
+df -Ti '.' || fail=1
+df --total '.' || fail=1
+
+# These tests are supposed to fail:
+returns_ 1 df || fail=1
+returns_ 1 df -i || fail=1
+returns_ 1 df -T || fail=1
+returns_ 1 df -Ti || fail=1
+returns_ 1 df --total || fail=1
+
+returns_ 1 df -a || fail=1
+returns_ 1 df -a '.' || fail=1
+
+returns_ 1 df -l || fail=1
+returns_ 1 df -l '.' || fail=1
+
+returns_ 1 df -t hello || fail=1
+returns_ 1 df -t hello '.' || fail=1
+
+returns_ 1 df -x hello || fail=1
+returns_ 1 df -x hello '.' || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/df/over-mount-device.sh b/tests/df/over-mount-device.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9629f20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/df/over-mount-device.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that df /dev/loop0 errors out if overmounted by another device
+
+# Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ df
+require_root_
+
+cwd=$(pwd)
+cleanup_() { cd /; umount "$cwd/mnt"; umount "$cwd/mnt"; }
+
+skip=0
+
+# Create 2 file systems
+for i in 1 2; do
+  dd if=/dev/zero of=blob$i bs=8192 count=200 > /dev/null 2>&1 \
+                                             || skip=1
+  mkfs -t ext2 -F blob$i \
+    || skip_ "failed to create ext2 file system"
+done
+
+# Mount both at the same place (eclipsing the first)
+mkdir mnt                                    || skip=1
+mount -oloop blob1 mnt                       || skip=1
+eclipsed_dev=$(df --o=source mnt | tail -n1) || skip=1
+mount -oloop blob2 mnt                       || skip=1
+
+test $skip = 1 \
+  && skip_ "insufficient mount/ext2 support"
+
+df . || skip_ "failed to lookup the device for the current dir"
+
+echo "df: cannot access '$eclipsed_dev': over-mounted by another device" > exp
+
+# We should get an error for the eclipsed device and continue
+df $eclipsed_dev . > out 2> err && fail=1
+
+# header and single entry in output
+test $(wc -l < out) = 2 || fail=1
+
+compare exp err || fail=1
+
+test "$fail" = 1 && dump_mount_list_
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/df/problematic-chars.sh b/tests/df/problematic-chars.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7816d42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/df/problematic-chars.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that df outputs one line per entry
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ df printf
+require_root_
+
+
+# Ensure a new line in a mount point only outputs a single line
+
+mnt='mount
+point'
+
+cwd=$(pwd)
+cleanup_() { umount "$cwd/$mnt"; }
+
+skip=0
+# Create a file system, then mount it.
+dd if=/dev/zero of=blob bs=8192 count=200 > /dev/null 2>&1 \
+                                             || skip=1
+mkdir "$mnt"                                 || skip=1
+mkfs -t ext2 -F blob \
+  || skip_ "failed to create ext2 file system"
+mount -oloop blob "$mnt"                     || skip=1
+test $skip = 1 \
+  && skip_ "insufficient mount/ext2 support"
+test $(df "$mnt" | wc -l) = 2 || fail=1
+test "$fail" = 1 && dump_mount_list_
+
+
+# Ensure mount points not matching the current user encoding are output
+
+unset LC_ALL
+f=$LOCALE_FR_UTF8
+: ${LOCALE_FR_UTF8=none}
+if test "$LOCALE_FR_UTF8" != "none"; then
+
+  cleanup_ || framework_failure_
+
+  # Create a non UTF8 mount point
+  mnt="$(env printf 'm\xf3unt p\xf3int')"
+  mkdir "$mnt" || framework_failure_
+  mount -oloop blob "$mnt" || skip_ "unable to mount $mnt"
+
+  LC_ALL=$f df --output=target "$mnt" > df.out || fail=1
+  test "$(basename "$(tail -n1 df.out)")" = "$mnt" || fail=1
+fi
+
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/df/skip-duplicates.sh b/tests/df/skip-duplicates.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..06f05a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/df/skip-duplicates.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test df's behavior when the mount list contains duplicate entries.
+# This test is skipped on systems that lack LD_PRELOAD support; that's fine.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ df
+require_gcc_shared_
+
+# We use --local here so as to not activate
+# potentially very many remote mounts.
+df --local --output=target >LOCAL_FS || skip_ 'df fails'
+grep '^/$' LOCAL_FS || skip_ 'no root file system found'
+
+# Get real targets to substitute for /NONROOT and /REMOTE below.
+export CU_NONROOT_FS=$(grep /. LOCAL_FS | head -n1)
+export CU_REMOTE_FS=$(grep /. LOCAL_FS | tail -n+2 | head -n1)
+
+unique_entries=1
+test -z "$CU_NONROOT_FS" || unique_entries=$(expr $unique_entries + 1)
+test -z "$CU_REMOTE_FS" || unique_entries=$(expr $unique_entries + 2)
+
+grep '^#define HAVE_MNTENT_H 1' $CONFIG_HEADER > /dev/null \
+      || skip_ "no mntent.h available to confirm the interface"
+
+grep '^#define HAVE_GETMNTENT 1' $CONFIG_HEADER > /dev/null \
+      || skip_ "getmntent is not used on this system"
+
+# Simulate an mtab file to test various cases.
+cat > k.c <<EOF || framework_failure_
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <mntent.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+#define STREQ(a, b) (strcmp (a, b) == 0)
+
+FILE* fopen(const char *path, const char *mode)
+{
+  static FILE* (*fopen_func)(char const *, char const *);
+
+  /* get reference to original (libc provided) fopen */
+  if (!fopen_func)
+    {
+      fopen_func = (FILE*(*)(char const *, char const *))
+                   dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "fopen");
+      if (!fopen_func)
+        {
+          fprintf (stderr, "Failed to find fopen()\n");
+          errno = ESRCH;
+          return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+  /* Returning ENOENT here will get read_file_system_list()
+     to fall back to using getmntent() below.  */
+  if (STREQ (path, "/proc/self/mountinfo"))
+    {
+      errno = ENOENT;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  else
+    return fopen_func(path, mode);
+}
+
+#define STREQ(a, b) (strcmp (a, b) == 0)
+
+struct mntent *getmntent (FILE *fp)
+{
+  static char *nonroot_fs;
+  static char *remote_fs;
+  static int done;
+
+  /* Prove that LD_PRELOAD works. */
+  if (!done)
+    {
+      fclose (fopen ("x", "w"));
+      ++done;
+    }
+
+  static struct mntent mntents[] = {
+    {.mnt_fsname="/short",  .mnt_dir="/invalid/mount/dir",       .mnt_opts=""},
+    {.mnt_fsname="fsname",  .mnt_dir="/",                        .mnt_opts=""},
+    {.mnt_fsname="/fsname", .mnt_dir="/.",                       .mnt_opts=""},
+    {.mnt_fsname="/fsname", .mnt_dir="/",                        .mnt_opts=""},
+    {.mnt_fsname="virtfs",  .mnt_dir="/NONROOT", .mnt_type="t1", .mnt_opts=""},
+    {.mnt_fsname="virtfs2", .mnt_dir="/NONROOT", .mnt_type="t2", .mnt_opts=""},
+    {.mnt_fsname="netns",   .mnt_dir="net:[1234567]",            .mnt_opts=""},
+    {.mnt_fsname="rem:ote1",.mnt_dir="/REMOTE",                  .mnt_opts=""},
+    {.mnt_fsname="rem:ote1",.mnt_dir="/REMOTE",                  .mnt_opts=""},
+    {.mnt_fsname="rem:ote2",.mnt_dir="/REMOTE",                  .mnt_opts=""},
+  };
+
+  if (done == 1)
+    {
+      nonroot_fs = getenv ("CU_NONROOT_FS");
+      if (!nonroot_fs || !*nonroot_fs)
+        nonroot_fs = "/"; /* merge into / entries.  */
+
+      remote_fs = getenv ("CU_REMOTE_FS");
+    }
+
+  if (done == 1 && !getenv ("CU_TEST_DUPE_INVALID"))
+    done++;  /* skip the first entry.  */
+
+  while (done++ <= 10)
+    {
+      if (!mntents[done-2].mnt_type)
+        mntents[done-2].mnt_type = "-";
+      if (!mntents[done-2].mnt_opts)
+        mntents[done-2].mnt_opts = "-";
+      if (STREQ (mntents[done-2].mnt_dir, "/NONROOT"))
+        mntents[done-2].mnt_dir = nonroot_fs;
+      if (STREQ (mntents[done-2].mnt_dir, "/REMOTE"))
+        {
+          if (!remote_fs || !*remote_fs)
+            continue;
+          else
+            mntents[done-2].mnt_dir = remote_fs;
+        }
+      return &mntents[done-2];
+    }
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+EOF
+
+# Then compile/link it:
+gcc_shared_ k.c k.so \
+  || framework_failure_ 'failed to build shared library'
+
+# Test if LD_PRELOAD works:
+LD_PRELOAD=$LD_PRELOAD:./k.so df
+test -f x || skip_ "internal test failure: maybe LD_PRELOAD doesn't work?"
+
+# The fake mtab file should only contain entries
+# having the same device number; thus the output should
+# consist of a header and unique entries.
+LD_PRELOAD=$LD_PRELOAD:./k.so df -T >out || fail=1
+test $(wc -l <out) -eq $(expr 1 + $unique_entries) || { fail=1; cat out; }
+
+# With --total we should suppress the duplicate but separate remote file system
+LD_PRELOAD=$LD_PRELOAD:./k.so df --total >out || fail=1
+test "$CU_REMOTE_FS" && elide_remote=1 || elide_remote=0
+test $(wc -l <out) -eq $(expr 2 + $unique_entries - $elide_remote) ||
+  { fail=1; cat out; }
+
+# Ensure we don't fail when unable to stat (currently) unavailable entries
+LD_PRELOAD=$LD_PRELOAD:./k.so CU_TEST_DUPE_INVALID=1 df -T >out || fail=1
+test $(wc -l <out) -eq $(expr 1 + $unique_entries) || { fail=1; cat out; }
+
+# df should also prefer "/fsname" over "fsname"
+if test "$unique_entries" = 2; then
+  test $(grep -c '/fsname' <out) -eq 1 || { fail=1; cat out; }
+  # ... and "/fsname" with '/' as Mounted on over '/.'
+  test $(grep -cF '/.' <out) -eq 0 || { fail=1; cat out; }
+fi
+
+# df should use the last seen devname (mnt_fsname) and devtype (mnt_type)
+test $(grep -c 'virtfs2.*t2' <out) -eq 1 || { fail=1; cat out; }
+
+# Ensure that filtering duplicates does not affect -a processing.
+LD_PRELOAD=$LD_PRELOAD:./k.so df -a >out || fail=1
+total_fs=6; test "$CU_REMOTE_FS" && total_fs=$(expr $total_fs + 3)
+test $(wc -l <out) -eq $total_fs || { fail=1; cat out; }
+# Ensure placeholder "-" values used for the eclipsed "virtfs"
+test $(grep -c 'virtfs *-' <out) -eq 1 || { fail=1; cat out; }
+
+# Ensure that filtering duplicates does not affect
+# argument processing (now without the fake getmntent()).
+df '.' '.' >out || fail=1
+test $(wc -l <out) -eq 3 || { fail=1; cat out; }
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/df/skip-rootfs.sh b/tests/df/skip-rootfs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..dad5089
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/df/skip-rootfs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test df's behavior for skipping the pseudo "rootfs" file system.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ df
+
+# Protect against inaccessible remote mounts etc.
+timeout 10 df || skip_ "df fails"
+
+# Verify that rootfs is in mtab (and shown when the -a option is specified).
+# Note this is the case when /proc/self/mountinfo is parsed
+# rather than /proc/mounts.  I.e., when libmount is being used.
+df -a >out || fail=1
+grep '^rootfs' out || skip_ 'no rootfs in mtab'
+
+# Ensure that rootfs is suppressed when no options is specified.
+df >out || fail=1
+grep '^rootfs' out && { fail=1; cat out; }
+
+# Ensure that rootfs is yet skipped when explicitly specifying "-t rootfs".
+# As df emits "no file systems processed" in this case, it would be a failure
+# if df exited with status Zero.
+returns_ 1 df -t rootfs >out || fail=1
+grep '^rootfs' out && { fail=1; cat out; }
+
+# Ensure that the rootfs is shown when explicitly both specifying "-t rootfs"
+# and the -a option.
+df -t rootfs -a >out || fail=1
+grep '^rootfs' out || { fail=1; cat out; }
+
+# Ensure that the rootfs is omitted in all_fs mode when it is explicitly
+# black-listed.
+df -a -x rootfs >out || fail=1
+grep '^rootfs' out && { fail=1; cat out; }
+
+test "$fail" = 1 && dump_mount_list_
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/df/total-unprocessed.sh b/tests/df/total-unprocessed.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..696234a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/df/total-unprocessed.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that df exits non-Zero and writes an error message when
+# --total is used but no file system has been processed.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ df
+require_mount_list_
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+df: no file systems processed
+EOF
+
+# Check we exit with non-Zero.
+# Note we don't check when the file system can't be determined
+# as -t filtering is not applied in that case.
+if test "$(df --output=fstype . | tail -n1)" != '-'; then
+  df -t _non_existent_fstype_ --total . 2>out && fail=1
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+fi
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+df: _does_not_exist_: No such file or directory
+EOF
+
+# Ensure that df writes the error message also in the following case.
+df --total _does_not_exist_ 2>out && fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/df/total-verify.sh b/tests/df/total-verify.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..87589d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/df/total-verify.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure "df --total" computes accurate totals
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ df
+require_perl_
+
+# Protect against inaccessible remote mounts etc.
+timeout 10 df || skip_ "df fails"
+
+cat <<\EOF > check-df || framework_failure_
+my ($total, $used, $avail) = (0, 0, 0);
+while (<>)
+  {
+    $. == 1
+      and next;  # skip first (header) line
+    # Recognize df output lines like these:
+    # /dev/sdc1                  0       0       0    -  /c
+    # tmpfs                1536000   12965 1523035    1% /tmp
+    # total                5285932  787409 4498523   15% -
+    /^(.*?) +(-?\d+|-) +(-?\d+|-) +(-?\d+|-) +(?:-|[0-9]+%) (.*)$/
+      or die "$0: invalid input line\n: $_";
+    if ($1 eq 'total' && $5 eq '-')
+      {
+        $total == $2 or die "$total != $2";
+        $used  == $3 or die "$used  != $3";
+        $avail == $4 or die "$avail != $4";
+        my $line = <>;
+        defined $line
+          and die "$0: extra line(s) after totals\n";
+        exit 0;
+      }
+    $total += $2 unless $2 eq '-';
+    $used  += $3 unless $3 eq '-';
+    $avail += $4 unless $4 eq '-';
+  }
+die "$0: missing line of totals\n";
+EOF
+
+# Use --block-size=512 to keep df from printing rounded-to-kilobyte
+# numbers which wouldn't necessarily add up to the displayed total.
+df --total -P --block-size=512 > space || framework_failure_
+cat space  # this helps when debugging any test failure
+df --total -i -P               > inode || framework_failure_
+cat inode
+
+$PERL check-df space || fail=1
+$PERL check-df inode || fail=1
+
+test "$fail" = 1 && dump_mount_list_
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/df/unreadable.sh b/tests/df/unreadable.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bc04f94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/df/unreadable.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that df can handle an unreadable argument
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ df
+skip_if_root_
+
+touch unreadable || fail=1
+chmod a-r unreadable || fail=1
+df unreadable || fail=1
+
+mkfifo_or_skip_ fifo
+timeout 10 df fifo || fail=1
+
+test "$fail" = 1 && dump_mount_list_
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/2g.sh b/tests/du/2g.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..adee756
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/2g.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that du can handle a 2GB file (i.e., a file of size 2^31 bytes)
+# Before coreutils-5.93, on systems with a signed, 32-bit stat.st_blocks
+# one of du's computations would overflow.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+
+# Creating a 2GB file counts as 'very expensive'.
+very_expensive_
+
+# Get number of free kilobytes on current partition, so we can
+# skip this test if there is insufficient free space.
+free_kb=$(df -k --output=avail . | tail -n1)
+case "$free_kb" in
+  [0-9]*) ;;
+  *) skip_ "invalid size from df: $free_kb";;
+esac
+
+# Require about 3GB free.
+min_kb=3000000
+test $min_kb -lt $free_kb ||
+{
+  skip_ \
+    "too little free space on current partition: $free_kb (need $min_kb KB)"
+}
+
+big=big
+
+if ! fallocate -l2G $big; then
+  rm -f $big
+  {
+    is_local_dir_ . || skip_ 'Not writing 2GB data to remote'
+    for i in $(seq 100); do
+      # Note: 2147483648 == 2^31. Print floor(2^31/100) per iteration.
+      printf %21474836s x || fail=1
+    done
+    # After the final iteration, append the remaining 48 bytes.
+    printf %48s x || fail=1
+  } > $big || fail=1
+fi
+
+# The allocation may be done asynchronously (BTRFS for example)
+sync $big || framework_failure_
+
+du -k $big > out1 || fail=1
+rm -f $big
+sed 's/^2[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]	'$big'$/~2M/' out1 > out
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+~2M
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/8gb.sh b/tests/du/8gb.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7d067e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/8gb.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that du does not rely on narrow types like size_t for
+# file sizes or sums.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+require_sparse_support_
+
+# timeout to avoid hang on GNU/Hurd from 2019
+timeout 10 dd bs=1 seek=8G of=big < /dev/null 2> /dev/null
+if test $? != 0; then
+  skip_ 'cannot create a file large enough for this test; possibly
+because file offsets are only 32 bits on this file system'
+fi
+
+# FIXME: this should be a test of dd.
+# On some systems (at least linux-2.4.18 + NFS to Solaris system)
+# the 'dd' command above mistakenly creates a file of length '0', yet
+# doesn't fail.  The root of that failure is that the ftruncate call
+# returns zero but doesn't do its job.  Detect this failure.
+set x $(ls -gG big)
+size=$4
+if test "$size" = 0; then
+  skip_ "cannot create a file large enough for this test
+possibly because this system's NFS support is buggy
+Consider rerunning this test on a different file system."
+fi
+
+
+# This would print '0	big' with coreutils-4.5.8.
+du -ab big > out || fail=1
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+8589934592	big
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/basic.sh b/tests/du/basic.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a81e895
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/basic.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Compare actual numbers from du, assuming block size matches mine.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+
+mkdir -p a/b d d/sub || framework_failure_
+
+# Ensure that these files contain more than 64 bytes, so that we don't
+# immediately disqualify file systems (e.g., NetApp) on which smaller
+# files take up zero file system blocks.
+printf '%*s' 257 make-sure-the-file-is-non-empty > a/b/F || framework_failure_
+printf %4096s x > d/1
+cp d/1 d/sub/2
+
+
+B=$(stat --format=%B a/b/F)
+
+du --block-size=$B -a a > out || fail=1
+echo === >> out
+du --block-size=$B -a -S a >> out || fail=1
+echo === >> out
+du --block-size=$B -s a >> out || fail=1
+
+f=$(stat --format=%b a/b/F)
+b=$(stat --format=%b a/b)
+a=$(stat --format=%b a)
+bf=$(expr $b + $f)
+tot=$(expr $bf + $a)
+
+cat <<EOF | sed 's/ *#.*//' > exp
+$f	a/b/F
+$bf	a/b
+$tot	a
+===
+$f	a/b/F   # size of file, a/b/F
+$bf	a/b     # size of dir entry, a/b, + size of file, a/b/F
+$a	a       # size of dir entry, a
+===
+$tot	a
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Perform this test only if "." is on a local file system.
+# Otherwise, it would fail e.g., on an NFS-mounted Solaris ZFS file system.
+if is_local_dir_ .; then
+  rm -f out exp
+  du --block-size=$B -a d | sort -r -k2,2 > out || fail=1
+  echo === >> out
+  du --block-size=$B -S d | sort -r -k2,2 >> out || fail=1
+
+  t2=$(stat --format=%b d/sub/2)
+  ts=$(stat --format=%b d/sub)
+  t1=$(stat --format=%b d/1)
+  td=$(stat --format=%b d)
+  tot=$(expr $t1 + $t2 + $ts + $td)
+  d1=$(expr $td + $t1)
+  s2=$(expr $ts + $t2)
+
+  cat <<EOF | sed 's/ *#.*//' > exp
+$t2	d/sub/2
+$s2	d/sub
+$t1	d/1
+$tot	d
+===
+$s2	d/sub
+$d1	d           # d + d/1; don't count the dir. entry for d/sub
+EOF
+
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/bigtime.sh b/tests/du/bigtime.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4f8cfa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/bigtime.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise du on a file with a big timestamp.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+
+export LC_ALL=C
+export TZ=UTC0
+
+# 2**63 - 1
+bignum=9223372036854775807
+
+touch -d @$bignum future 2>/dev/null &&
+future_time=$(ls -l future) &&
+case "$future_time" in
+*" $bignum "*)
+  : ;;
+*' Dec  4  300627798676 '*)
+  skip_ "file system and localtime both handle big timestamps" ;;
+*)
+  skip_ "file system or localtime mishandles big timestamps:" \
+      "$future_time" ;;
+esac || skip_ "file system cannot represent big timestamps"
+
+printf "0\t$bignum\tfuture\n" > exp || framework_failure_
+printf "du: time '$bignum' is out of range\n" > err_ok || framework_failure_
+
+du --time future >out 2>err || fail=1
+
+# On some systems an empty file occupies 4 blocks.
+# Map the number of blocks to 0.
+sed 's/^[0-9][0-9]*/0/' out > k && mv k out
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare err err_ok || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/bind-mount-dir-cycle-v2.sh b/tests/du/bind-mount-dir-cycle-v2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..60ae8b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/bind-mount-dir-cycle-v2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Check that du can handle sub-bind-mounts cycles as well.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+require_root_
+
+cleanup_() { umount a/b/c; }
+
+mkdir -p a/b/c || framework_failure_
+mount --bind a a/b/c \
+  || skip_ 'This test requires mount with a working --bind option.'
+
+echo a/b/c > exp || framework_failure_
+echo a/b >> exp || framework_failure_
+
+du a/b > out 2> err || fail=1
+sed 's/^[0-9][0-9]*	//' out > k && mv k out
+
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/bind-mount-dir-cycle.sh b/tests/du/bind-mount-dir-cycle.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0995663
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/bind-mount-dir-cycle.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise du's new ability to handle bind-mount-induced dir cycles.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+require_root_
+
+cleanup_() { umount a/b; }
+
+mkdir -p a/b || framework_failure_
+mount --bind a a/b \
+  || skip_ "This test requires mount with a working --bind option."
+
+echo a > exp || framework_failure_
+
+du a > out 2> err || fail=1
+sed 's/^[0-9][0-9]*	//' out > k && mv k out
+
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/deref-args.sh b/tests/du/deref-args.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..debc509
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/deref-args.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that --dereference-args (-D) gives reasonable names.
+# This test would fail for coreutils-5.0.91.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+
+mkdir -p dir/a || framework_failure_
+ln -s dir slink || framework_failure_
+printf %65536s x > 64k || framework_failure_
+ln -s 64k slink-to-64k || framework_failure_
+
+
+du -D slink | sed 's/^[0-9][0-9]*	//' > out
+# Ensure that the trailing slash is preserved and handled properly.
+du -D slink/ | sed 's/^[0-9][0-9]*	//' >> out
+
+# Ensure that -D makes du dereference even symlinks to non-directories.
+# Be sure to use --apparent-size.  Otherwise, we'd get varying block counts
+# depending on file system type (e.g. 68 on ext3 vs. 64 on tmpfs and 72
+# on SELinux-enabled systems).
+du --apparent-size --block-size=1K -D slink-to-64k >> out
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+slink/a
+slink
+slink/a
+slink/
+64	slink-to-64k
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/deref.sh b/tests/du/deref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5a1085f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/deref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# prior to coreutils-4.5.3, du -D didn't work in some cases
+# Based on an example from Andreas Schwab and/or Michal Svec.
+# Also, up to coreutils-8.5, du -L sometimes incorrectly
+# counted the space of the followed symlinks.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+
+mkdir -p a/sub || framework_failure_
+ln -s a/sub slink || framework_failure_
+touch b || framework_failure_
+ln -s .. a/sub/dotdot || framework_failure_
+ln -s nowhere dangle || framework_failure_
+
+
+# This used to fail with the following diagnostic:
+# du: 'b': No such file or directory
+du -sD slink b > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# This used to fail to report the dangling symlink.
+returns_ 1 du -L dangle > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# du -L used to mess up, either by counting the symlink's file system space
+# itself (-L should follow symlinks, not count their space)
+# or (briefly in July 2010) by omitting the entry for "a".
+du_L_output=$(du -L a) || fail=1
+du_lL_output=$(du -lL a) || fail=1
+du_x_output=$(du --exclude=dotdot a) || fail=1
+test "X$du_L_output" = "X$du_x_output" || fail=1
+test "X$du_lL_output" = "X$du_x_output" || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/exclude.sh b/tests/du/exclude.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..eedf751
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/exclude.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure du's --exclude option works
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+
+mkdir -p a/b/c a/x/y a/u/v || framework_failure_
+
+
+du --exclude=x a | sed 's/^[0-9][0-9]*	//' | sort > out || fail=1
+printf '===\n' >> out
+printf 'b\n' > excl
+du --exclude-from=excl a | sed 's/^[0-9][0-9]*	//' | sort >> out || fail=1
+printf '===\n' >> out
+# Make sure that we can exclude an entire hierarchy.
+du --exclude=a a >> out || fail=1
+# Make sure that we can exclude based on more than one component.
+# Before coreutils-5.3.0, this part would fail.
+printf '===\n' >> out
+du --exclude=a/u --exclude=a/b a \
+  | sed 's/^[0-9][0-9]*	//' | sort >> out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+a
+a/b
+a/b/c
+a/u
+a/u/v
+===
+a
+a/u
+a/u/v
+a/x
+a/x/y
+===
+===
+a
+a/x
+a/x/y
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/fd-leak.sh b/tests/du/fd-leak.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9697d00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/fd-leak.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# check for file descriptor leak
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+
+# Call this an expensive test.  It's not that expensive, but command line
+# limitations might induce failure on some losing systems.
+expensive_
+
+# Create 1296 (36^2) files.
+# Their names and separating spaces take up 3887 bytes.
+x='a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9'
+f=
+for i in $x; do
+  for j in $x; do
+    f="$f $i$j"
+  done
+done
+
+# This may fail due to command line limitations.
+touch $f || framework_failure_
+
+
+# With coreutils-5.0, this would fail due to a file descriptor leak.
+du $f > out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/files0-from-dir.sh b/tests/du/files0-from-dir.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..44287fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/files0-from-dir.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that du and wc handle --files0-from=DIR
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du wc
+
+mkdir dir
+
+# Skip this test if reading from a directory succeeds.
+# In that case, using --files0-from=dir would yield garbage,
+# interpreting the directory entry as a sequence of
+# NUL-separated file names.
+cat dir > /dev/null && skip_ "cat dir/ succeeds"
+
+for prog in du wc; do
+  $prog --files0-from=dir > /dev/null 2>err && fail=1
+  printf "$prog: dir:\n" > exp || fail=1
+  # The diagnostic string is usually "Is a directory" (ENOTDIR),
+  # but accept a different string or errno value.
+  sed "s/dir:.*/dir:/" err > k; mv k err
+  compare exp err || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/files0-from.pl b/tests/du/files0-from.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bdc3420
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/files0-from.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Exercise du's --files0-from option.
+# FIXME: keep this file in sync with tests/misc/wc-files0-from.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+my $prog = 'du';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my @Tests =
+  (
+   # invalid extra command line argument
+   ['f-extra-arg', '--files0-from=- no-such', {IN=>"a"}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR => "$prog: extra operand 'no-such'\n"
+        . "file operands cannot be combined with --files0-from\n"
+        . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}
+    ],
+
+   # missing input file
+   ['missing', '--files0-from=missing', {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR => "$prog: cannot open 'missing' for reading: "
+     . "No such file or directory\n"}],
+
+   # input file name of '-'
+   ['minus-in-stdin', '--files0-from=-', '<', {IN=>{f=>'-'}}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR => "$prog: when reading file names from stdin, no file name of"
+     . " '-' allowed\n"}],
+
+   # empty input, regular file
+   ['empty', '--files0-from=@AUX@', {AUX=>''}],
+
+   # empty input, from non-regular file
+   ['empty-nonreg', '--files0-from=/dev/null'],
+
+   # one NUL
+   ['nul-1', '--files0-from=-', '<', {IN=>"\0"}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR => "$prog: -:1: invalid zero-length file name\n"}],
+
+   # two NULs
+   ['nul-2', '--files0-from=-', '<', {IN=>"\0\0"}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR => "$prog: -:1: invalid zero-length file name\n"
+          . "$prog: -:2: invalid zero-length file name\n"}],
+
+   # one file name, no NUL
+   ['1', '--files0-from=-', '<',
+    {IN=>{f=>"g"}}, {AUX=>{g=>''}},
+    {OUT=>"0\tg\n"}, {OUT_SUBST=>'s/^\d+/0/'} ],
+
+   # one file name, with NUL
+   ['1a', '--files0-from=-', '<',
+    {IN=>{f=>"g\0"}}, {AUX=>{g=>''}},
+    {OUT=>"0\tg\n"}, {OUT_SUBST=>'s/^\d+/0/'} ],
+
+   # two identical file names, no final NUL
+   ['2', '--files0-from=-', '<',
+    {IN=>{f=>"g\0g"}}, {AUX=>{g=>''}},
+    {OUT=>"0\tg\n"}, {OUT_SUBST=>'s/^\d+/0/'} ],
+
+   # two identical file names, with final NUL
+   ['2a', '--files0-from=-', '<',
+    {IN=>{f=>"g\0g\0"}}, {AUX=>{g=>''}},
+    {OUT=>"0\tg\n"}, {OUT_SUBST=>'s/^\d+/0/'} ],
+
+   # Ensure that $prog processes FILEs following a zero-length name.
+   ['zero-len', '--files0-from=-', '<',
+    {IN=>{f=>"\0g\0"}}, {AUX=>{g=>''}},
+    {OUT=>"0\tg\n"}, {OUT_SUBST=>'s/^\d+/0/'},
+    {ERR => "$prog: -:1: invalid zero-length file name\n"}, {EXIT=>1} ],
+  );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/du/hard-link.sh b/tests/du/hard-link.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7cd03d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/hard-link.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that hard-linked files are counted (and listed) only once.
+# Likewise for excluded directories.
+# Ensure that hard links _are_ listed twice when using --count-links.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+
+mkdir -p dir/sub
+( cd dir &&
+  { echo non-empty > f1
+    ln f1 f2
+    ln -s f1 f3
+    echo non-empty > sub/F; } )
+
+du -a -L --exclude=sub --count-links dir \
+  | sed 's/^[0-9][0-9]*	//' | sort -r > out || fail=1
+
+# For these tests, transform f1 or f2 or f3 (whichever name is find
+# first) to f_.  That is necessary because, depending on the type of
+# file system, du could encounter any of those linked files first,
+# thus listing that one and not the others.
+for args in '-L' 'dir' '-L dir'
+do
+  echo === >> out
+  du -a --exclude=sub $args dir \
+    | sed 's/^[0-9][0-9]*	//' | sed 's/f[123]/f_/' >> out || fail=1
+done
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+dir/f3
+dir/f2
+dir/f1
+dir
+===
+dir/f_
+dir
+===
+dir/f_
+dir/f_
+dir
+===
+dir/f_
+dir
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/inacc-dest.sh b/tests/du/inacc-dest.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b26fd1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/inacc-dest.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Prior to coreutils-6.5, an inaccessible destination dir (chmod a-x)
+# would cause du to exit prematurely on systems with native openat support.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+skip_if_root_
+
+mkdir f && cd f && mkdir a b c d e && touch c/j && chmod a-x c \
+    || framework_failure_
+
+du > ../t 2>&1 && fail=1
+
+# Accept either of the following outputs.
+# You get the first from a system with openat _emulation_ (via /proc),
+# the second from a system with native openat support.
+# FIXME: there may well be a third output, for systems with neither
+# /proc support, nor native openat support.
+
+sed 's/^[0-9][0-9]*	//' ../t | sort -u > out
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+.
+./a
+./b
+./c
+./d
+./e
+du: cannot read directory './c': Permission denied
+EOF
+
+# Map a diagnostic like this
+#   du: cannot access './c/j': Permission denied
+# to this:
+#   du: cannot access './c': Permission denied
+# And accept "cannot read directory" in place of "cannot access"
+sed "s,/c/j': ,/c': ," out > t && mv t out
+sed 's,cannot access,cannot read directory,' out > t && mv t out
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/inacc-dir.sh b/tests/du/inacc-dir.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a5c823e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/inacc-dir.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that du counts the size of an inaccessible directory.
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+skip_if_root_
+
+mkdir -p a/sub || framework_failure_
+
+
+du -s a > exp || fail=1
+chmod 0 a/sub || fail=1
+# Expect failure, ignore diagnostics.
+du -s a > out 2> /dev/null && fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Same as above, but don't use -s, so we print
+# an entry for the unreadable "sub", too.
+chmod 700 a/sub || fail=1
+du -k a > exp || fail=1
+chmod 0 a/sub || fail=1
+# Expect failure, ignore diagnostics.
+du -k a > out 2> /dev/null && fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/inaccessible-cwd.sh b/tests/du/inaccessible-cwd.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..464456d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/inaccessible-cwd.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that even when run from an inaccessible directory, du can still
+# operate on accessible directories elsewhere.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# Before the switch to an fts-based implementation in coreutils 5.0.92,
+# this test would fail.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+
+# Skip this test if your system has neither the openat-style functions
+# nor /proc/self/fd support with which to emulate them.
+require_openat_support_
+
+skip_if_root_
+
+cwd=$(pwd)
+mkdir -p no-x a/b || framework_failure_
+cd no-x || framework_failure_
+chmod 0 . || framework_failure_
+
+
+du "$cwd/a" > /dev/null || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/inodes.sh b/tests/du/inodes.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..008bfe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/inodes.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# exercise du's --inodes option
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+
+# An empty directory uses only 1 inode.
+mkdir d || framework_failure_
+printf '1\td\n' > exp || framework_failure_
+
+du --inodes d > out 2>err || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# Add a regular file: 2 inodes used.
+touch d/f || framework_failure_
+printf '2\td\n' > exp || framework_failure_
+
+du --inodes d > out 2>err || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# Add a hardlink to the file: still only 2 inodes used.
+ln -v d/f d/h || framework_failure_
+du --inodes d > out 2>err || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# Now count also hardlinks (-l,--count-links): 3 inodes.
+printf '3\td\n' > exp || framework_failure_
+du --inodes -l d > out 2>err || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# Create a directory and summarize: 3 inodes.
+mkdir d/d || framework_failure_
+du --inodes -s d > out 2>err || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# Count inodes separated: 1-2.
+printf '1\td/d\n2\td\n' > exp || framework_failure_
+du --inodes -S d > out 2>err || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# Count inodes cumulative (default): 1-3.
+printf '1\td/d\n3\td\n' > exp || framework_failure_
+du --inodes d > out 2>err || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# Count all items: 1-1-3.
+# Sort output because the directory entry order is not defined.
+# Also replace the hardlink with the original file name because
+# the system may either return 'd/f' or 'd/h' first, and du(1)
+# will ignore the other one.
+printf '1\td/d\n1\td/f\n3\td\n' | sort > exp || framework_failure_
+du --inodes -a d > out.tmp 2>err || fail=1
+sed 's/h$/f/' out.tmp | sort >out || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# Count all items and hardlinks again: 1-1-1-4
+# Sort output because the directory entry order is not defined.
+printf '1\td/d\n1\td/h\n1\td/f\n4\td\n' | sort > exp || framework_failure_
+du --inodes -al d > out.tmp 2>err || fail=1
+sort <out.tmp >out || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# Run with total (-c) line: 1-3-3
+printf '1\td/d\n3\td\n3\ttotal\n' > exp || framework_failure_
+du --inodes -c d > out 2>err || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# Create another file in the subdirectory: 2-4
+touch d/d/f || framework_failure_
+printf '2\td/d\n4\td\n' > exp || framework_failure_
+du --inodes d > out 2>err || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# Ensure human output (-h, --si) works.
+rm -rf d || framework_failure_
+mkdir d || framework_failure_
+seq --format="d/file%g" 1023 | xargs touch || framework_failure_
+printf '1.0K\td\n' > exp || framework_failure_
+du --inodes -h d > out 2>err || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+printf '1.1k\td\n' > exp || framework_failure_
+du --inodes --si d > out 2>err || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# Verify --inodes ignores -B.
+printf '1024\td\n' > exp || framework_failure_
+du --inodes -B10 d > out 2>err || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# Verify --inodes works with --threshold.
+printf '1024\td\n' > exp || framework_failure_
+du --inodes --threshold=1000 d > out 2>err || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+du --inodes --threshold=-1000 d > out 2>err || fail=1
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# Verify --inodes raises a warning for --apparent-size and -b.
+du --inodes -b d > out 2>err || fail=1
+grep ' ineffective ' err >/dev/null || { fail=1; cat out err; }
+
+du --inodes --apparent-size d > out 2>err || fail=1
+grep ' ineffective ' err >/dev/null || { fail=1; cat out err; }
+
+# Ensure that --inodes is mentioned in the usage.
+du --help > out || fail=1
+grep ' --inodes ' out >/dev/null || { fail=1; cat out; }
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/long-from-unreadable.sh b/tests/du/long-from-unreadable.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3a2e19b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/long-from-unreadable.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Show fts fails on old-fashioned systems.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# Show that fts (hence du, chmod, chgrp, chown) fails when all of the
+# following are true:
+#   - '.' is not readable
+#   - operating on a hierarchy containing a relative name longer than PATH_MAX
+#   - run on a system where gnulib's openat emulation must resort to using
+#       save_cwd and restore_cwd (which fail if '.' is not readable).
+# Thus, the following du invocation should succeed on newer Linux and
+# Solaris systems, yet it must fail on systems lacking both openat and
+# /proc support.  However, before coreutils-6.0 this test would fail even
+# on Linux+PROC_FS systems because its fts implementation would revert
+# unnecessarily to using FTS_NOCHDIR mode in this corner case.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+
+require_perl_
+
+# ecryptfs for example uses some of the file name space
+# for encrypting filenames, so we must check dynamically.
+name_max=$(stat -f -c %l .)
+test "$name_max" -ge '200' || skip_ "NAME_MAX=$name_max is not sufficient"
+
+proc_file=/proc/self/fd
+if test ! -d $proc_file; then
+  skip_ 'This test would fail, since your system lacks /proc support.'
+fi
+
+dir=$(printf '%200s\n' ' '|tr ' ' x)
+
+# Construct a hierarchy containing a relative file with a name
+# longer than PATH_MAX.
+# for i in $(seq 52); do
+#   mkdir $dir || framework_failure_
+#   cd $dir || framework_failure_
+# done
+# cd $tmp || framework_failure_
+
+# Sheesh.  Bash 3.1.5 can't create this hierarchy.  I get
+#   cd: error retrieving current directory: getcwd:
+#     cannot access parent directories:
+# (all on one line).
+
+cwd=$(pwd)
+# Use perl instead:
+$PERL \
+    -e 'my $d = '$dir'; foreach my $i (1..52)' \
+    -e '  { mkdir ($d, 0700) && chdir $d or die "$!" }' \
+  || framework_failure_
+
+mkdir inaccessible || framework_failure_
+cd inaccessible || framework_failure_
+chmod 0 . || framework_failure_
+
+du -s "$cwd/$dir" > /dev/null || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/long-sloop.sh b/tests/du/long-sloop.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f93bca8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/long-sloop.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Use du to exercise a corner of fts's FTS_LOGICAL code.
+# Show that du fails with ELOOP (Too many levels of symbolic links)
+# when it encounters that condition.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+
+# Create lots of directories, each containing a single symlink
+# pointing at the next directory in the list.
+
+# This number should be larger than the number of symlinks allowed in
+# file name resolution, but not too large as a number of entries
+# in a single directory.
+n=400
+
+dir_list=$(seq $n)
+mkdir $dir_list || framework_failure_
+file=1
+i_minus_1=0
+for i in $dir_list $(expr $n + 1); do
+  case $i_minus_1 in
+  0) ;;
+  *)
+    ln -s ../$i $i_minus_1/s || framework_failure_
+    file=$file/s;;
+  esac
+  i_minus_1=$i
+done
+echo foo > $i || framework_failure_
+
+# If a system can handle this many symlinks in a file name,
+# just skip this test.
+
+# The following also serves to record in 'err' the string
+# corresponding to strerror (ELOOP).  This is necessary because while
+# Linux/libc gives 'Too many levels of symbolic links', Solaris
+# renders it as "Number of symbolic links encountered during path
+# name traversal exceeds MAXSYMLINKS".
+
+cat $file > /dev/null 2> err &&
+    skip_ 'Your system appears to be able to handle more than $n symlinks
+in file name resolution'
+too_many=$(sed 's/.*: //' err)
+
+
+# With coreutils-5.93 there was no failure.
+# With coreutils-5.94 we get the desired diagnostic:
+# du: cannot access '1/s/s/s/.../s': Too many levels of symbolic links
+du -L 1 > /dev/null 2> out1 && fail=1
+sed "s, .1/s/s/s/[/s]*',," out1 > out || framework_failure_
+
+echo "du: cannot access: $too_many" > exp || framework_failure_
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/max-depth.sh b/tests/du/max-depth.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4699263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/max-depth.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# exercise du's --max-depth=N option
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+
+mkdir -p a/b/c/d/e || framework_failure_
+printf 'a/b/c\na/b\na\n' > exp || framework_failure_
+
+du --max-depth=2 a > out 2>err || fail=1
+
+# Remove the sizes.  They vary between file systems.
+cut -f2- out > k && mv k out
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# Repeat, but use -d 1.
+printf 'a/b\na\n' > exp || framework_failure_
+du -d 1 a > out 2>err || fail=1
+cut -f2- out > k && mv k out
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/move-dir-while-traversing.sh b/tests/du/move-dir-while-traversing.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a9708de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/move-dir-while-traversing.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Trigger a failed assertion in coreutils-8.9 and earlier.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+require_trap_signame_
+
+# We use a python-inotify script, so...
+python -m pyinotify -h > /dev/null \
+  || skip_ 'python inotify package not installed'
+
+# Move a directory "up" while du is processing its sub-directories.
+# While du is processing a hierarchy .../B/C/D/... this script
+# detects when du opens D/, and then moves C/ "up" one level
+# so that it is a sibling of B/.
+# Given the inherent race condition, we have to add enough "weight"
+# under D/ so that in most cases, the monitor performs the single
+# rename syscall before du finishes processing the subtree under D/.
+
+cat <<'EOF' > inotify-watch-for-dir-access.py
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+import pyinotify as pn
+import os,sys
+
+dir = sys.argv[1]
+dest_parent = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(dir))
+dest = os.path.join(dest_parent, os.path.basename(dir))
+
+class ProcessDir(pn.ProcessEvent):
+
+    def process_IN_OPEN(self, event):
+        os.rename(dir, dest)
+        sys.exit(0)
+
+    def process_default(self, event):
+        pass
+
+wm = pn.WatchManager()
+notifier = pn.Notifier(wm)
+wm.watch_transient_file(dir, pn.IN_OPEN, ProcessDir)
+sys.stdout.write('started\n')
+sys.stdout.flush()
+notifier.loop()
+EOF
+chmod a+x inotify-watch-for-dir-access.py
+
+t=T/U
+mkdir d2 || framework_failure_
+long=d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z
+# One iteration of this loop creates a tree with which
+# du sometimes completes its traversal before the above rename.
+# Five iterations was not enough in 2 of 7 "make -j20 check" runs on a
+# 6/12-core system.  However, using "10", I saw no failure in 20 trials.
+# Using 10 iterations was not enough, either.
+# Using 50, I saw no failure in 200 trials.
+for i in $(seq 50); do
+  mkdir -p $t/3/a/b/c/$i/$long || framework_failure_
+done
+
+# Terminate any background cp process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+# Prohibit suspension, which could otherwise cause a timeout-induced FP failure.
+trap '' TSTP
+
+timeout 6 ./inotify-watch-for-dir-access.py $t/3/a/b > start-msg & pid=$!
+
+# Wait for the watcher to start...
+nonempty() { sleep $1; test -s start-msg; }
+retry_delay_ nonempty .1 5 || fail=1
+
+# The above watches for an IN_OPEN event on $t/3/a/b,
+# and when it triggers, moves the parent, $t/3/a, up one level
+# so it's directly under $t.
+
+# Before coreutils-8.10, du would abort.
+returns_ 1 du -a $t d2 2> err || fail=1
+
+# check for the new diagnostic
+printf "du: fts_read failed: $t/3/a/b: No such file or directory\n" > exp \
+  || fail=1
+compare exp err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/no-deref.sh b/tests/du/no-deref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4bae934
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/no-deref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that by default, du doesn't dereference command-line symlinks.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+
+mkdir -p dir/a/b || framework_failure_
+ln -s dir slink || framework_failure_
+
+
+du slink | sed 's/^[0-9][0-9]*	//' > out
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+slink
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/no-x.sh b/tests/du/no-x.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..79920a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/no-x.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure du gives the right diagnostic for a readable,
+# but inaccessible directory.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+skip_if_root_
+
+mkdir -p d/no-x/y || framework_failure_
+chmod u=rw d/no-x || framework_failure_
+
+
+# This must exit nonzero.
+du d >/dev/null 2>out && fail=1
+
+prog=du
+# NOTE: this code is the same for all tests/*/no-x tests.
+# Depending on whether fts is using native fdopendir, we see one
+# of the following diagnostics (note also the /y suffix in one case):
+#   prog: 'd/no-x': Permission denied
+#   prog: cannot access 'd/no-x/y': Permission denied
+#   prog: cannot read directory 'd/no-x': Permission denied
+# Convert either of the latter two to the first one.
+sed "s/^$prog: cannot access /$prog: /" out > t && mv t out
+sed "s/^$prog: cannot read directory /$prog: /" out > t && mv t out
+sed 's,d/no-x/y,d/no-x,' out > t && mv t out
+
+cat <<EOF > exp
+$prog: 'd/no-x': Permission denied
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/one-file-system.sh b/tests/du/one-file-system.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fff35ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/one-file-system.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test for bugs in du's --one-file-system (-x) option.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+cleanup_() { rm -rf "$other_partition_tmpdir"; }
+. "$abs_srcdir/tests/other-fs-tmpdir"
+
+mkdir -p b/c y/z d "$other_partition_tmpdir/x" || framework_failure_
+ln -s "$other_partition_tmpdir/x" d || framework_failure_
+
+# Due to a used-uninitialized variable, the "du -x" from coreutils-6.6
+# would not traverse into second and subsequent directories listed
+# on the command line.
+du -ax b y > t || fail=1
+sed 's/^[0-9][0-9]*	//' t > out || framework_failure_
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+b/c
+b
+y/z
+y
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# "du -xL" reported a zero count for a file in a different file system,
+# instead of ignoring it.
+du -xL d > u || fail=1
+sed 's/^[0-9][0-9]*	//' u > out1 || framework_failure_
+echo d > exp1 || framework_failure_
+compare exp1 out1 || fail=1
+
+# With coreutils-8.15, "du -xs FILE" would print no output.
+touch f
+for opt in -x -xs; do
+  du $opt f > u || fail=1
+  sed 's/^[0-9][0-9]*	//' u > out2 || framework_failure_
+  echo f > exp2 || framework_failure_
+  compare exp2 out2 || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/restore-wd.sh b/tests/du/restore-wd.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c9c5069
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/restore-wd.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# due to a bug in glibc's ftw.c, in some cases, nftw w/FTW_CHDIR
+# would not restore the working directory.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+
+mkdir a b || framework_failure_
+
+
+# With du from coreutils-4.5.5 and 4.5.6, this would fail with
+# du: 'b': No such file or directory
+
+du a b > out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/slash.sh b/tests/du/slash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6426d16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/slash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# 'du /' would omit the '/' on the last line.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+require_readable_root_
+
+
+du --exclude='[^/]*' -x / > out-t || fail=1
+sed 's/^[0-9][0-9]*	//' out-t > out
+rm -f out-t
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+/
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/threshold.sh b/tests/du/threshold.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..270b885
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/threshold.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise du's --threshold option.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+
+mkdir -p a/b a/c || framework_failure_
+
+touch            a/b/0 || framework_failure_
+printf '%1s' x > a/b/1 || framework_failure_
+printf '%2s' x > a/b/2 || framework_failure_
+printf '%3s' x > a/b/3 || framework_failure_
+
+Ba=$(stat --format="%B * %b" a     | xargs expr)
+Bb=$(stat --format="%B * %b" a/b   | xargs expr)
+Bc=$(stat --format="%B * %b" a/c   | xargs expr)
+B0=$(stat --format="%B * %b" a/b/0 | xargs expr)
+B1=$(stat --format="%B * %b" a/b/1 | xargs expr)
+B2=$(stat --format="%B * %b" a/b/2 | xargs expr)
+B3=$(stat --format="%B * %b" a/b/3 | xargs expr)
+
+Sa=$(stat --format=%s a    )
+Sb=$(stat --format=%s a/b  )
+Sc=$(stat --format=%s a/c  )
+S0=$(stat --format=%s a/b/0)
+S1=$(stat --format=%s a/b/1)
+S2=$(stat --format=%s a/b/2)
+S3=$(stat --format=%s a/b/3)
+
+Bb0123=$(expr $Bb + $B0 + $B1 + $B2 + $B3)
+Sb0123=$(expr $Sb + $S0 + $S1 + $S2 + $S3)
+
+Bab0123=$(expr $Ba + $Bc + $Bb0123)
+Sab0123=$(expr $Sa + $Sc + $Sb0123)
+
+# Sanity checks
+test $Ba -gt 4 || skip_ "block size of a directory is smaller than 4 bytes"
+test $Bc -gt 4 || skip_ "block size of an empty directory is smaller than 4 \
+bytes"
+test $Sa -gt 4 || skip_ "apparent size of a directory is smaller than 4 bytes"
+test $B1 -gt 4 || skip_ "block size of small file smaller than 4 bytes"
+test $S3 -eq 3 || framework_failure_
+test $S2 -eq 2 || framework_failure_
+test $S1 -eq 1 || framework_failure_
+test $S0 -eq 0 || framework_failure_
+test $B0 -eq 0 || skip_ "block size of an empty file unequal Zero"
+# block size of a/b/1 == a/b/2
+test $B1 -eq $B2 || framework_failure_
+# a is bigger than a/b.
+test $Sab0123 -gt $Sb0123 || framework_failure_
+test $Bab0123 -gt $Bb0123 || framework_failure_
+# a/b is bigger than empty a/c.
+test $Sb0123 -gt $Sc || framework_failure_
+test $Bb0123 -gt $Bc || framework_failure_
+
+# Exercise a bad argument: unparsable number.
+cat <<EOF > exp
+du: invalid --threshold argument 'SIZE'
+EOF
+du --threshold=SIZE a > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+cat <<EOF > exp
+du: invalid -t argument 'SIZE'
+EOF
+du -t SIZE a > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Exercise a bad argument: -0 is not valid.
+cat <<EOF > exp
+du: invalid --threshold argument '-0'
+EOF
+du --threshold=-0 a > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+du -t -0 a > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+du -t-0 a > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Exercise a bad argument: empty argument.
+cat <<EOF > exp
+du: invalid --threshold argument ''
+EOF
+du --threshold= a > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Exercise a bad argument: no argument.
+du --threshold > out.tmp 2>&1 && fail=1
+sed 's/argument.*/argument/; s/option.*requires/option requires/' \
+  < out.tmp > out || framework_failure_
+cat <<EOF > exp
+du: option requires an argument
+Try 'du --help' for more information.
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+rm -f out
+
+dutest ()
+{
+  args="$1"
+  exp="$2"
+
+  rm -f exp out
+
+  # Expected output.
+  if [ "$exp" = "" ] ; then
+    touch exp
+  else
+    printf "%s\n" $exp > exp
+  fi
+
+  rc=0
+  du -B1 $args a > out1 2>&1 || { cat out1 ; rc=1 ; }
+
+  # Remove the size column and sort the output.
+  cut -f2- out1 | sort > out || framework_failure_
+
+  compare exp out || { cat out1 ; rc=1 ; }
+  return $rc
+}
+
+# Check numbers around the total size of the main directory 'a'.
+# One byte greater than 'a'.
+s=$(expr $Sab0123 + 1)  # apparent size
+dutest "--app       -t $s"  ''                                  || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    -t $s"  ''                                  || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S -t $s"  ''                                  || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S -t $s"  ''                                  || fail=1
+dutest "--app       -t -$s" 'a a/b a/c'                         || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    -t -$s" 'a a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c' || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S -t -$s" 'a a/b a/c'                         || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S -t -$s" 'a a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c' || fail=1
+s=$(expr $Bab0123 + 1)  # block size
+dutest "            -t $s"  ''                                  || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    -t $s"  ''                                  || fail=1
+dutest "         -S -t $s"  ''                                  || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S -t $s"  ''                                  || fail=1
+dutest "            -t -$s" 'a a/b a/c'                         || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    -t -$s" 'a a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c' || fail=1
+dutest "         -S -t -$s" 'a a/b a/c'                         || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S -t -$s" 'a a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c' || fail=1
+
+# Exactly the size of 'a'.
+s=$Sab0123  # apparent size
+dutest "--app       --th=$s"  'a'                                 || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    --th=$s"  'a'                                 || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S --th=$s"  ''                                  || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S --th=$s"  ''                                  || fail=1
+dutest "--app       --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/c'                         || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c' || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/c'                         || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c' || fail=1
+s=$Bab0123  # block size
+dutest "            --th=$s"  'a'                                 || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    --th=$s"  'a'                                 || fail=1
+dutest "         -S --th=$s"  ''                                  || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S --th=$s"  ''                                  || fail=1
+dutest "            --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/c'                         || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c' || fail=1
+dutest "         -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/c'                         || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c' || fail=1
+
+# One byte smaller than 'a'.
+s=$(expr $Sab0123 - 1)  # apparent size
+dutest "--app       --th=$s"  'a'                                 || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    --th=$s"  'a'                                 || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S --th=$s"  ''                                  || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S --th=$s"  ''                                  || fail=1
+dutest "--app       --th=-$s" 'a/b a/c'                           || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    --th=-$s" 'a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'   || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/c'                         || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c' || fail=1
+s=$(expr $Bab0123 - 1)  # block size
+dutest "            --th=$s"  'a'                                 || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    --th=$s"  'a'                                 || fail=1
+dutest "         -S --th=$s"  ''                                  || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S --th=$s"  ''                                  || fail=1
+dutest "            --th=-$s" 'a/b a/c'                           || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    --th=-$s" 'a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'   || fail=1
+dutest "         -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/c'                         || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c' || fail=1
+
+
+# Check numbers around the total size of the sub directory 'a/b'.
+# One byte greater than 'a/b'.
+s=$(expr $Sb0123 + 1)  # apparent size
+dutest "--app       --th=$s"  'a'                                 || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    --th=$s"  'a'                                 || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S --th=$s"  ''                                  || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S --th=$s"  ''                                  || fail=1
+dutest "--app       --th=-$s" 'a/b a/c'                           || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    --th=-$s" 'a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'   || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/c'                         || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c' || fail=1
+s=$(expr $Bb0123 + 1)  # block size
+dutest "            --th=$s"  'a'                                  || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    --th=$s"  'a'                                  || fail=1
+dutest "         -S --th=$s"  ''                                   || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S --th=$s"  ''                                   || fail=1
+dutest "            --th=-$s" 'a/b a/c'                            || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    --th=-$s" 'a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'    || fail=1
+dutest "         -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'  || fail=1
+
+# Exactly the size of 'a/b'.
+s=$Sb0123  # apparent size
+dutest "--app       --th=$s"  'a a/b'                              || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    --th=$s"  'a a/b'                              || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S --th=$s"  'a/b'                                || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S --th=$s"  'a/b'                                || fail=1
+dutest "--app       --th=-$s" 'a/b a/c'                            || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    --th=-$s" 'a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'    || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'  || fail=1
+s=$Bb0123  # block size
+dutest "            --th=$s"  'a a/b'                              || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    --th=$s"  'a a/b'                              || fail=1
+dutest "         -S --th=$s"  'a/b'                                || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S --th=$s"  'a/b'                                || fail=1
+dutest "            --th=-$s" 'a/b a/c'                            || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    --th=-$s" 'a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'    || fail=1
+dutest "         -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'  || fail=1
+
+# One byte smaller than 'a/b'.
+s=$(expr $Sb0123 - 1)  # apparent size
+dutest "--app       --th=$s"  'a a/b'                              || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    --th=$s"  'a a/b'                              || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S --th=$s"  'a/b'                                || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S --th=$s"  'a/b'                                || fail=1
+dutest "--app       --th=-$s" 'a/c'                                || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    --th=-$s" 'a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'        || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S --th=-$s" 'a a/c'                              || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'      || fail=1
+s=$(expr $Bb0123 - 1)  # block size
+dutest "            --th=$s"  'a a/b'                              || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    --th=$s"  'a a/b'                              || fail=1
+dutest "         -S --th=$s"  'a/b'                                || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S --th=$s"  'a/b'                                || fail=1
+dutest "            --th=-$s" 'a/c'                                || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    --th=-$s" 'a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'        || fail=1
+dutest "         -S --th=-$s" 'a a/c'                              || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'      || fail=1
+
+
+# Check numbers around the total size of the files a/b/[0123]'.
+echo One byte greater than 'a/b/3'.
+s=$(expr $S3 + 1)  # apparent size
+dutest "--app       --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "--app       --th=-$s" ''                                   || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    --th=-$s" 'a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3'            || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S --th=-$s" ''                                   || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S --th=-$s" 'a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3'            || fail=1
+s=$(expr $B3 + 1)  # block size
+dutest "            --th=$s"  'a a/b'                              || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    --th=$s"  'a a/b'                              || fail=1
+dutest "         -S --th=$s"  'a/b'                                || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S --th=$s"  'a/b'                                || fail=1
+dutest "            --th=-$s" 'a/c'                                || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    --th=-$s" 'a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'        || fail=1
+dutest "         -S --th=-$s" 'a a/c'                              || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'      || fail=1
+
+# Exactly the size of 'a/b/3'.
+echo Exactly the size of 'a/b/3'.
+s=$S3  # apparent size
+dutest "--app       --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    --th=$s"  'a a/b a/b/3 a/c'                    || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S --th=$s"  'a a/b a/b/3 a/c'                    || fail=1
+dutest "--app       --th=-$s" ''                                   || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    --th=-$s" 'a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3'            || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S --th=-$s" ''                                   || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S --th=-$s" 'a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3'            || fail=1
+s=$B3  # block size
+dutest "            --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    --th=$s"  'a a/b a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'        || fail=1
+dutest "         -S --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S --th=$s"  'a a/b a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'        || fail=1
+dutest "            --th=-$s" 'a/c'                                || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    --th=-$s" 'a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'        || fail=1
+dutest "         -S --th=-$s" 'a a/c'                              || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'      || fail=1
+
+# Exactly the size of 'a/b/2'.
+echo Exactly the size of 'a/b/2'.
+s=$S2  # apparent size
+dutest "--app       --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    --th=$s"  'a a/b a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'              || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S --th=$s"  'a a/b a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'              || fail=1
+dutest "--app       --th=-$s" ''                                   || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    --th=-$s" 'a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2'                  || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S --th=-$s" ''                                   || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S --th=-$s" 'a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2'                  || fail=1
+s=$B2  # block size
+dutest "            --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    --th=$s"  'a a/b a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'        || fail=1
+dutest "         -S --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S --th=$s"  'a a/b a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'        || fail=1
+dutest "            --th=-$s" 'a/c'                                || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    --th=-$s" 'a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'        || fail=1
+dutest "         -S --th=-$s" 'a a/c'                              || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'      || fail=1
+
+# Exactly the size of 'a/b/1'.
+echo Exactly the size of 'a/b/1'.
+s=$S1  # apparent size
+dutest "--app       --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    --th=$s"  'a a/b a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'        || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S --th=$s"  'a a/b a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'        || fail=1
+dutest "--app       --th=-$s" ''                                   || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    --th=-$s" 'a/b/0 a/b/1'                        || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S --th=-$s" ''                                   || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S --th=-$s" 'a/b/0 a/b/1'                        || fail=1
+s=$B1  # block size
+dutest "            --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    --th=$s"  'a a/b a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'        || fail=1
+dutest "         -S --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S --th=$s"  'a a/b a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'        || fail=1
+dutest "            --th=-$s" 'a/c'                                || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    --th=-$s" 'a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'        || fail=1
+dutest "         -S --th=-$s" 'a a/c'                              || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S --th=-$s" 'a a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'      || fail=1
+
+# Exactly the size of 'a/b/0'.
+echo Exactly the size of 'a/b/0'.
+s=$S0  # apparent size
+dutest "--app       --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a    --th=$s"  'a a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'  || fail=1
+dutest "--app    -S --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "--app -a -S --th=$s"  'a a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'  || fail=1
+# (maximum tests (-0) not possible).
+s=$B0  # block size
+dutest "            --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "      -a    --th=$s"  'a a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'  || fail=1
+dutest "         -S --th=$s"  'a a/b a/c'                          || fail=1
+dutest "      -a -S --th=$s"  'a a/b a/b/0 a/b/1 a/b/2 a/b/3 a/c'  || fail=1
+# (maximum tests (-0) not possible).
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/trailing-slash.sh b/tests/du/trailing-slash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..01b5e61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/trailing-slash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that du works properly for an argument that refers to a
+# symbolic link, and that is specified with a trailing slash.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# Before coreutils-4.5.3, it would remove a single trailing slash.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+
+mkdir -p dir/1/2 || framework_failure_
+ln -s dir slink || framework_failure_
+
+
+du slink/ | sed 's/^[0-9][0-9]*	//' > out
+echo === >> out
+
+# Ensure that with -L we get the same results (modulo the trailing slash
+# on the third line) even without the trailing slash on the command line.
+du -L slink | sed 's/^[0-9][0-9]*	//' >> out
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+slink/1/2
+slink/1
+slink/
+===
+slink/1/2
+slink/1
+slink
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/du/two-args.sh b/tests/du/two-args.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..01b5e33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/du/two-args.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure 'du d/1 d/2' works.
+# That command failed with du from fileutils-4.0q.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+
+# Run this test from a sub-directory one level deeper than normal,
+# so that the "du .." below doesn't traverse sibling directories
+# that may be inaccessible due concurrently-running tests.
+mkdir sub || framework_failure_
+cd sub || framework_failure_
+
+t=t
+mkdir -p $t/1 $t/2 || framework_failure_
+
+test -d $t || fail=1
+du $t/1 $t/2 > /dev/null || fail=1
+
+# Make sure 'du . $t' and 'du .. $t' work.
+# These would fail prior to fileutils-4.0y.
+du . $t > /dev/null || fail=1
+du .. $t > /dev/null || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/envvar-check b/tests/envvar-check
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56354a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/envvar-check
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# -*- sh -*-
+# Check environment variables for sane values while testing.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+if (FOO=FOO; unset FOO) >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  as_unset=unset
+else
+  as_unset=false
+fi
+
+envvar_check_fail=0
+vars='
+  _POSIX2_VERSION
+  _STDBUF_E
+  _STDBUF_I
+  _STDBUF_O
+  BASH_ENV
+  BLOCKSIZE
+  BLOCK_SIZE
+  CDPATH
+  COLUMNS
+  DF_BLOCK_SIZE
+  DU_BLOCK_SIZE
+  ENV
+  LANGUAGE
+  LS_BLOCK_SIZE
+  LS_COLORS
+  OMP_NUM_THREADS
+  POSIXLY_CORRECT
+  QUOTING_STYLE
+  SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX
+  TABSIZE
+  TERM
+  COLORTERM
+  TIME_STYLE
+  TMPDIR
+  VERSION_CONTROL
+'
+for var in $vars
+do
+  $as_unset $var
+  if eval test \"\${$var+set}\" = set; then
+    echo "$0: the $var environment variable is set --" \
+      ' unset it and rerun this test' >&2
+    envvar_check_fail=1
+  fi
+done
+
+test "$envvar_check_fail" = 1 && exit 1
diff --git a/tests/factor/create-test.sh b/tests/factor/create-test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..be82487
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/factor/create-test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Create the factor test scripts.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+test_name=$1
+template=$2
+
+# Extract the test name: remove .sh suffix from the basename.
+t=`echo "$test_name"|sed 's,.*/,,;s,\.sh$,,'`
+
+# prefix of 2^64
+p=184467440737
+
+# prefix of 2^96
+q=79228162514264337593543
+
+# Each of these numbers has a Pollard rho factor larger than 2^64,
+# and thus exercises some hard-to-reach code in factor.c.
+t1=170141183460469225450570946617781744489
+t2=170141183460469229545748130981302223887
+
+# Factors of the above:
+# t1: 9223372036854775421 18446744073709551709
+# t2: 9223372036854775643 18446744073709551709
+
+# Each test is a triple: lo, hi, sha1 of result.
+# The test script, run.sh, runs seq lo hi|factor|sha1sum
+# and verifies that the actual and expected checksums are the same.
+# New tests must be added to tests/local.mk (factor_tests), too.
+case $t in
+  t00) set            0     10000000 a451244522b1b662c86cb3cbb55aee3e085a61a0 ;;
+  t01) set     10000000     20000000 c792a2e02f1c8536b5121f624b04039d20187016 ;;
+  t02) set     20000000     30000000 8115e8dff97d1674134ec054598d939a2a5f6113 ;;
+  t03) set     30000000     40000000 fe7b832c8e0ed55035152c0f9ebd59de73224a60 ;;
+  t04) set     40000000     50000000 b8786d66c432e48bc5b342ee3c6752b7f096f206 ;;
+  t05) set     50000000     60000000 a74fe518c5f79873c2b9016745b88b42c8fd3ede ;;
+  t06) set     60000000     70000000 689bc70d681791e5d1b8ac1316a05d0c4473d6db ;;
+  t07) set     70000000     80000000 d370808f2ab8c865f64c2ff909c5722db5b7d58d ;;
+  t08) set     80000000     90000000 7978aa66bf2bdb446398336ea6f02605e9a77581 ;;
+  t09) set          $t1          $t1 4622287c5f040cdb7b3bbe4d19d29a71ab277827 ;;
+  t10) set          $t2          $t2 dea308253708b57afad357e8c0d2a111460ef50e ;;
+  t11) set ${p}08551616 ${p}08651615 66c57cd58f4fb572df7f088d17e4f4c1d4f01bb1 ;;
+  t12) set ${p}08651616 ${p}08751615 729228e693b1a568ecc85b199927424c7d16d410 ;;
+  t13) set ${p}08751616 ${p}08851615 5a0c985017c2d285e4698f836f5a059e0b684563 ;;
+  t14) set ${p}08851616 ${p}08951615 0482295c514e371c98ce9fd335deed0c9c44a4f4 ;;
+  t15) set ${p}08951616 ${p}09051615 9c0e1105ac7c45e27e7bbeb5e213f530d2ad1a71 ;;
+  t16) set ${p}09051616 ${p}09151615 604366d2b1d75371d0679e6a68962d66336cd383 ;;
+  t17) set ${p}09151616 ${p}09251615 9192d2bdee930135b28d7160e6d395a7027871da ;;
+  t18) set ${p}09251616 ${p}09351615 bcf56ae55d20d700690cff4d3327b78f83fc01bf ;;
+  t19) set ${p}09351616 ${p}09451615 16b106398749e5f24d278ba7c58229ae43f650ac ;;
+  t20) set ${p}09451616 ${p}09551615 ad2c6ed63525f8e7c83c4c416e7715fa1bebc54c ;;
+  t21) set ${p}09551616 ${p}09651615 2b6f9c11742d9de045515a6627c27a042c49f8ba ;;
+  t22) set ${p}09651616 ${p}09751615 54851acd51c4819beb666e26bc0100dc9adbc310 ;;
+  t23) set ${p}09751616 ${p}09851615 6939c2a7afd2d81f45f818a159b7c5226f83a50b ;;
+  t24) set ${p}09851616 ${p}09951615 0f2c8bc011d2a45e2afa01459391e68873363c6c ;;
+  t25) set ${p}09951616 ${p}10051615 630dc2ad72f4c222bad1405e6c5bea590f92a98c ;;
+  t26) set   ${q}940336   ${q}942335 63cbd6313d78247b04d63bbbac50cb8f8d33ff71 ;;
+  t27) set   ${q}942336   ${q}944335 0d03d63653767173182491b86fa18f8f680bb036 ;;
+  t28) set   ${q}944336   ${q}946335 ca43bd38cd9f97cc5bb63613cb19643578640f0b ;;
+  t29) set   ${q}946336   ${q}948335 86d59545a0c13567fa96811821ea5cde950611b1 ;;
+  t30) set   ${q}948336   ${q}950335 c3740e702fa9c97e6cf00150860e0b936a141a6b ;;
+  t31) set   ${q}950336   ${q}952335 551c3c4c4640d86fda311b5c3006dac45505c0ce ;;
+  t32) set   ${q}952336   ${q}954335 b1b0b00463c2f853d70ef9c4f7a96de5cb614156 ;;
+  t33) set   ${q}954336   ${q}956335 8938a484a9ef6bb16478091d294fcde9f8ecea69 ;;
+  t34) set   ${q}956336   ${q}958335 d1ae6bc712d994f35edf55c785d71ddf31f16535 ;;
+  t35) set   ${q}958336   ${q}960335 2374919a89196e1fce93adfe779cb4664556d4b6 ;;
+  t36) set   ${q}960336   ${q}962335 569e4363e8d9e8830a187d9ab27365eef08abde1 ;;
+  *)
+    echo "$0: error: unknown test: '$test_name' -> '$t'" >&2
+    exit 1
+    ;;
+esac
+
+TEMPLATE="TEST SCRIPT DERIVED FROM THE TEMPLATE $template"
+
+# Create the test script from the template for this test
+# by substituting the START, the END and the CKSUM.
+exec sed \
+  -e "s/__START__/$1/" \
+  -e "s/__END__/$2/" \
+  -e "s/__CKSUM__/$3/" \
+  -e "s!__TEMPLATE__!$TEMPLATE!" "$template"
diff --git a/tests/factor/run.sh b/tests/factor/run.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4a1dbb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/factor/run.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# === THIS IS A __TEMPLATE__ ===
+
+# Test the factor rewrite.
+# The test is to run this command
+# seq $START $END | factor | shasum -c --status <(echo $CKSUM  -)
+# I.e., to ensure that the factorizations of integers $1..$2
+# match what we expect.
+#
+# See: tests/factor/create-test.sh
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+
+# Don't run these tests by default.
+very_expensive_
+
+print_ver_ factor seq sha1sum
+
+# Template variables.
+START=__START__
+  END=__END__
+CKSUM=__CKSUM__
+
+test "$START" = '__ST''ART__' && skip_ 'ignoring factor test template'
+
+echo "$CKSUM  -" > exp
+
+f=1
+seq $START $END | factor | sha1sum -c --status exp && f=0
+
+Exit $f
diff --git a/tests/filefrag-extent-compare b/tests/filefrag-extent-compare
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..155e7ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/filefrag-extent-compare
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+eval '(exit $?0)' && eval 'exec perl -wS "$0" ${1+"$@"}'
+  & eval 'exec perl -wS "$0" $argv:q'
+    if 0;
+# Determine whether two files have the same extents by comparing
+# the logical block numbers and lengths from filefrag -v for each.
+
+# Invoke like this:
+# This helper function, f, extracts logical block number and lengths.
+# f() { awk '/^ *[0-9]/ {printf "%d %d ",$2,NF<5?$NF:$5} END {print ""}'; }
+# { filefrag -v j1 | f; filefrag -v j2 | f; } | ./filefrag-extent-compare
+
+use warnings;
+use strict;
+(my $ME = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+my @line = <>;
+my $n_lines = @line;
+$n_lines == 2
+  or die "$ME: expected exactly two input lines; got $n_lines\n";
+
+my @A = split ' ', $line[0];
+my @B = split ' ', $line[1];
+@A % 2 || @B % 2
+  and die "$ME: unexpected input: odd number of numbers; expected even\n";
+
+my @a;
+my @b;
+foreach my $i (0..@A/2-1) { $a[$i] = { L_BLK => $A[2*$i], LEN => $A[2*$i+1] } };
+foreach my $i (0..@B/2-1) { $b[$i] = { L_BLK => $B[2*$i], LEN => $B[2*$i+1] } };
+
+# Merge adjacent extents in array E.
+sub merge_extents($)
+{
+  my ($e) = @_;
+
+  my $i = 0;
+  while (1)
+    {
+      !defined $e->[$i+1]
+        and last;
+      $e->[$i]->{L_BLK} + $e->[$i]->{LEN} != $e->[$i+1]->{L_BLK}
+        and ++$i, next;
+
+      $e->[$i]->{LEN} += $e->[$i+1]->{LEN};
+      # Remove $e->[$i+1]
+      splice @$e, $i+1, 1;
+    }
+}
+
+merge_extents \@a;
+merge_extents \@b;
+
+@a == @b
+  or die "$ME: extent counts differ, even after adjustment\n";
+
+my $i = 0;
+while (defined $a[$i])
+  {
+    my $start_match = $a[$i]->{L_BLK} == $b[$i]->{L_BLK};
+    my $len_match = $a[$i]->{LEN} == $b[$i]->{LEN};
+    if ( ! ($start_match && ($len_match || $i == (@a - 1))))
+      {
+        # On XFS on Linux kernel 2.6.38, it was seen that the size of the
+        # last extent can vary, and can extend beyond the length of the file.
+        # So we ignore the length of the last extent, because if the
+        # file is the wrong length we'll get failures elsewhere.
+        die "$ME: differing extent:\n"
+          . "  [$i]=$a[$i]->{L_BLK} $a[$i]->{LEN}\n"
+            . "  [$i]=$b[$i]->{L_BLK} $b[$i]->{LEN}\n";
+      }
+    $i++;
+  }
+
+### Setup "GNU" style for perl-mode and cperl-mode.
+## Local Variables:
+## mode: perl
+## perl-indent-level: 2
+## perl-continued-statement-offset: 2
+## perl-continued-brace-offset: 0
+## perl-brace-offset: 0
+## perl-brace-imaginary-offset: 0
+## perl-label-offset: -2
+## perl-extra-newline-before-brace: t
+## perl-merge-trailing-else: nil
+## End:
diff --git a/tests/fmt/base.pl b/tests/fmt/base.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6879340
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fmt/base.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Basic tests for "fmt".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+my $normalize_strerror = "s/': .*/'/";
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['8-bit-pfx', qw (-p 'ç'),
+      {IN=> "ça\nçb\n"},
+      {OUT=>"ça b\n"}],
+     ['wide-1', '-w 32768',
+      {ERR => "fmt: invalid width: '32768'\n"}, {EXIT => 1},
+      {ERR_SUBST => $normalize_strerror}],
+     ['wide-2', '-w 2147483647',
+      {ERR => "fmt: invalid width: '2147483647'\n"}, {EXIT => 1},
+      {ERR_SUBST => $normalize_strerror}],
+     ['bad-suffix', '-72x',	{IN=> ''},
+      {ERR => "fmt: invalid width: '72x'\n"}, {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['no-file', 'no-such-file',
+      {ERR => "fmt: cannot open 'no-such-file' for reading:"
+       . " No such file or directory\n"}, {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['obs-1', '-c -72',
+      {ERR => "fmt: invalid option -- 7; -WIDTH is recognized only when it"
+       . " is the first\noption; use -w N instead\n"
+       . "Try 'fmt --help' for more information.\n" }, {EXIT => 1}],
+
+     # With --prefix=P, do not remove leading space on lines without the prefix.
+     ['pfx-1', qw (-p '>'),
+      {IN=>  " 1\n  2\n\t3\n\t\t4\n> quoted\n> text\n"},
+      {OUT=> " 1\n  2\n\t3\n\t\t4\n> quoted text\n"}],
+
+     # Don't remove prefix from a prefix-only line.
+     ['pfx-only', qw (-p '>'),
+      {IN=>  ">\n"},
+      {OUT=> ">\n"}],
+
+     # With a multi-byte prefix, say, "foo", don't empty a line that
+     # starts with a strict prefix (e.g. "fo") of that prefix.
+     # With fmt from coreutils-6.7, it would mistakenly output an empty line.
+     ['pfx-of-pfx', qw (-p 'foo'),
+      {IN=>  "fo\n"},
+      {OUT=> "fo\n"}],
+);
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+my $prog = 'fmt';
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/fmt/goal-option.sh b/tests/fmt/goal-option.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9151a69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fmt/goal-option.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise the fmt -g option.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ fmt
+
+cat <<\_EOF_ > base || framework_failure_
+
+@command{fmt} prefers breaking lines at the end of a sentence, and tries to
+avoid line breaks after the first word of a sentence or before the last word
+of a sentence.  A @dfn{sentence break} is defined as either the end of a
+paragraph or a word ending in any of @samp{.?!}, followed by two spaces or end
+of line, ignoring any intervening parentheses or quotes.  Like @TeX{},
+@command{fmt} reads entire ''paragraphs'' before choosing line breaks; the
+algorithm is a variant of that given by
+Donald E. Knuth and Michael F. Plass
+in ''Breaking Paragraphs Into Lines'',
+@cite{Software---Practice & Experience}
+@b{11}, 11 (November 1981), 1119--1184.
+_EOF_
+
+fmt -g 60 -w 72 base > out || fail=1
+
+cat <<\_EOF_ > exp || framework_failure_
+
+@command{fmt} prefers breaking lines at the end of a sentence,
+and tries to avoid line breaks after the first word of a sentence
+or before the last word of a sentence.  A @dfn{sentence break}
+is defined as either the end of a paragraph or a word ending
+in any of @samp{.?!}, followed by two spaces or end of line,
+ignoring any intervening parentheses or quotes.  Like @TeX{},
+@command{fmt} reads entire ''paragraphs'' before choosing line
+breaks; the algorithm is a variant of that given by Donald
+E. Knuth and Michael F. Plass in ''Breaking Paragraphs Into
+Lines'', @cite{Software---Practice & Experience} @b{11}, 11
+(November 1981), 1119--1184.
+_EOF_
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/fmt/long-line.sh b/tests/fmt/long-line.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..258101e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fmt/long-line.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure fmt -s works even on long lines
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ fmt
+
+printf '%2030s\n' ' '|sed 's/../ y/g' > in || framework_failure_
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+ y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y
+EOF
+
+
+fmt -s in > out || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/fmt/non-space.sh b/tests/fmt/non-space.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..093c939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fmt/non-space.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test fmt space handling
+
+# Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ fmt printf
+
+# Before coreutils 9.1 macOS treated bytes like 0x85
+# as space characters in multi-byte locales (including UTF-8)
+
+check_non_space() {
+  char="$1"
+  test "$(env printf "=$char=" | fmt -s -w1 | wc -l)" = 1 || fail=1
+}
+
+export LC_ALL=en_US.iso8859-1  # only lowercase form works on macOS 10.15.7
+if test "$(locale charmap 2>/dev/null | sed 's/iso/ISO-/')" = ISO-8859-1; then
+  check_non_space '\xA0'
+fi
+
+export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
+if test "$(locale charmap 2>/dev/null)" = UTF-8; then
+  check_non_space '\u00A0'  # No break space
+  check_non_space '\u2007'  # TODO: should probably split on figure space
+  check_non_space '\u202F'  # Narrow no break space
+  check_non_space '\u2060'  # zero-width no break space
+  check_non_space '\u0445'  # Cyrillic kha, for which macOS isspace(0x85)==true
+fi
+
+export LC_ALL=ru_RU.KOI8-R
+if test "$(locale charmap 2>/dev/null)" = KOI8-R; then
+  check_non_space '\x9A'
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/id/context.sh b/tests/id/context.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fadf8c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/id/context.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that "id" outputs SELinux context only without specified user
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ id
+# Require selinux - when selinux is disabled, id never prints scontext.
+require_selinux_
+
+
+# Check without specified user, context string should be present.
+id | grep context= >/dev/null || fail=1
+
+# Check with specified user, no context string should be present.
+# But if the current user is nameless, skip this part.
+name=$(id -nu) || { test $? -ne 1 && fail=1; }
+if test "$name"; then
+  id "$name" > id_name || fail=1
+  grep context= id_name >/dev/null && fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/id/gnu-zero-uids.sh b/tests/id/gnu-zero-uids.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4ea8b65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/id/gnu-zero-uids.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# On GNU, 'id' must fail for processes with zero UIDs.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ id
+
+require_gnu_
+
+sush - true || skip_ "the 'sush' command does not work"
+
+# Run 'id' with zero UIDs.  It should exit with a non-zero status.
+returns_ 1 sush - id > out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/id/no-context.sh b/tests/id/no-context.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7a2167d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/id/no-context.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# With POSIXLY_CORRECT, id must not print context=...
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ id
+
+# We don't need selinux *FS* support to test id,
+# but this is as good a witness as any, in general.
+require_selinux_
+
+
+# Require the context=... part by default.
+id > out || fail=1
+grep context= out || fail=1
+
+# Require no context=... part in conforming mode.
+POSIXLY_CORRECT=1 id > out || fail=1
+grep context= out && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/id/setgid.sh b/tests/id/setgid.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e447c60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/id/setgid.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify that id [-G] prints the right group when run set-GID.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ id
+require_root_
+
+getlimits_
+
+# Construct a different group number
+gp1=$NON_ROOT_GID
+gp1=$(expr $gp1 + 1) || framework_failure_
+
+test "$gp1" -lt $GID_T_MAX ||
+  skip_ "GID $gp1 is reserved on some systems"
+
+echo $gp1 > exp || framework_failure_
+
+# With coreutils-8.16 and earlier, id -G would print both:
+#  $gp1 $NON_ROOT_GID
+chroot --skip-chdir --user=$NON_ROOT_USERNAME:+$gp1 --groups='' / \
+  env PATH="$PATH" id -G > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# With coreutils-8.22 and earlier, id would erroneously print
+#  groups=$NON_ROOT_GID
+chroot --skip-chdir --user=$NON_ROOT_USERNAME:+$gp1 --groups='' / \
+  env PATH="$PATH" id > out || fail=1
+grep -F "groups=$gp1" out || { cat out; fail=1; }
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/id/smack.sh b/tests/id/smack.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8b9ecc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/id/smack.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# SMACK test for the id-command.
+# Derived from tests/id/context.sh and tests/id/no-context.sh.
+# Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ id
+
+require_smack_
+
+# Check the string "context=" presence without specified user.
+id > out || fail=1
+grep 'context=' out || { cat out; fail=1; }
+
+# Check context=" is absent without specified user in conforming mode.
+POSIXLY_CORRECT=1 id > out || fail=1
+grep 'context=' out && fail=1
+
+# Check the string "context=" absence with specified user.
+# But if the current user is nameless, skip this part.
+id -nu > /dev/null && id $(id -nu) > out
+grep 'context=' out && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/id/uid.sh b/tests/id/uid.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7208544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/id/uid.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that "id" works with numeric user ids
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ id
+
+uid=$(id -u) || fail=1
+user=$(id -nu) || fail=1
+
+# Ensure the empty user spec is discarded
+returns_ 1 id '' || fail=1
+
+# Ensure we don't exit early, and process all users
+id $user > user_out || fail=1
+returns_ 1 id '' $user >multi_user_out || fail=1
+compare user_out multi_user_out || fail=1
+
+for mode in '' '-G' '-g'; do
+  id $mode $user > user_out || fail=1 # lookup name for comparison
+
+  id $mode $uid > uid_out || fail=1   # lookup name "$uid" before id "$uid"
+  compare user_out uid_out || fail=1
+
+  id $mode +$uid > uid_out || fail=1  # lookup only id "$uid"
+  compare user_out uid_out || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/id/zero.sh b/tests/id/zero.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0979a3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/id/zero.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise "id --zero".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ id
+
+u="$( id -nu )"
+id || fail=1
+id "$u" || fail=1
+
+# id(1) should refuse --zero in default format.
+echo 'id: option --zero not permitted in default format' > err-exp \
+  || framework_failure_
+id --zero > out 2>err && fail=1
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+compare err-exp   err || fail=1
+
+# Create a nice list of users.
+# Add $USER to ensure we have at least one explicit entry.
+users="$u"
+# Add a few typical users to test single group and multiple groups.
+for u in root man postfix sshd nobody ; do
+  id $u >/dev/null 2>&1 && users="$users $u"
+done
+# Add $users and '' (implicit $USER) to list to process.
+printf '%s\n' $users '' >> users || framework_failure_
+
+# Exercise "id -z" with various options.
+printf '\n' > exp || framework_failure_
+> out || framework_failure_
+
+while read u ; do
+  for o in g gr G Gr u ur ; do
+    for n in '' n ; do
+      printf   '%s: ' "id -${o}${n}[z] $u" >> exp || framework_failure_
+      printf '\n%s: ' "id -${o}${n}[z] $u" >> out || framework_failure_
+      # There may be no name corresponding to an id, so don't check
+      # exit status when in name lookup mode
+      id -${o}${n}  $u >> exp ||
+        { test $? -ne 1 || test -z "$n" && fail=1; }
+      id -${o}${n}z $u  > tmp ||
+        { test $? -ne 1 || test -z "$n" && fail=1; }
+      head -c-1 < tmp >> out || framework_failure_
+    done
+  done
+done < users
+printf '\n' >> out || framework_failure_
+tr '\0' ' ' < out > out2 || framework_failure_
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+# multiuser testing with -z
+# test if the options work, these tests should pass if the above tests
+# do.
+
+for o in g gr u ur ; do
+  for n in '' n ; do
+    id -${o}${n}  $users >> tmp1 ||
+      { test $? -ne 1 || test -z "$n" && fail=1; }
+    id -${o}${n}z $users  > tmp2 ||
+      { test $? -ne 1 || test -z "$n" && fail=1; }
+    tr '\0' '\n' < tmp2 >> tmp3
+  done
+done
+compare tmp1 tmp3 || fail=1
+
+# Separate checks when we are testing for multiple users && -G.
+# This is done because we terminate the records with two NULs
+# instead of a regular single NUL.
+
+NL='
+'
+
+for o in G Gr ; do
+  for n in '' n ; do
+    id -${o}${n}  $users >> gtmp1 ||
+      { test $? -ne 1 || test -z "$n" && fail=1; }
+    echo >> gtmp1 || framework_failure_
+
+    id -${o}${n}z $users  > gtmp2 ||
+      { test $? -ne 1 || test -z "$n" && fail=1; }
+    # we replace all NULs with spaces, the result we get is there are two
+    # consecutive spaces instead of two NUL's, we pass this to sed
+    # to replace more than 1 space with a newline. This is ideally where a new
+    # line should be. This should make the output similar to without -z.
+    { tr '\0' ' ' < gtmp2; echo; } | sed "s/  /\\$NL/g" >> gtmp3
+  done
+done
+compare gtmp1 gtmp3 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/init.sh b/tests/init.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..933fdd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/init.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,700 @@
+# source this file; set up for tests
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# Using this file in a test
+# =========================
+#
+# The typical skeleton of a test looks like this:
+#
+#   #!/bin/sh
+#   . "${srcdir=.}/init.sh"; path_prepend_ .
+#   Execute some commands.
+#   Note that these commands are executed in a subdirectory, therefore you
+#   need to prepend "../" to relative filenames in the build directory.
+#   Note that the "path_prepend_ ." is useful only if the body of your
+#   test invokes programs residing in the initial directory.
+#   For example, if the programs you want to test are in src/, and this test
+#   script is named tests/test-1, then you would use "path_prepend_ ../src",
+#   or perhaps export PATH='$(abs_top_builddir)/src$(PATH_SEPARATOR)'"$$PATH"
+#   to all tests via automake's TESTS_ENVIRONMENT.
+#   Set the exit code 0 for success, 77 for skipped, or 1 or other for failure.
+#   Use the skip_ and fail_ functions to print a diagnostic and then exit
+#   with the corresponding exit code.
+#   Exit $?
+
+# Executing a test that uses this file
+# ====================================
+#
+# Running a single test:
+#   $ make check TESTS=test-foo.sh
+#
+# Running a single test, with verbose output:
+#   $ make check TESTS=test-foo.sh VERBOSE=yes
+#
+# Running a single test, keeping the temporary directory:
+#   $ make check TESTS=test-foo.sh KEEP=yes
+#
+# Running a single test, with single-stepping:
+#   1. Go into a sub-shell:
+#   $ bash
+#   2. Set relevant environment variables from TESTS_ENVIRONMENT in the
+#      Makefile:
+#   $ export srcdir=../../tests # this is an example
+#   3. Execute the commands from the test, copy&pasting them one by one:
+#   $ . "$srcdir/init.sh"; path_prepend_ .
+#   ...
+#   4. Finally
+#   $ exit
+
+# =============================================================================
+# Elementary diagnostics
+
+ME_=`expr "./$0" : '.*/\(.*\)$'`
+
+# Prepare PATH_SEPARATOR.
+# The user is always right.
+if test "${PATH_SEPARATOR+set}" != set; then
+  # Determine PATH_SEPARATOR by trying to find /bin/sh in a PATH which
+  # contains only /bin. Note that ksh looks also at the FPATH variable,
+  # so we have to set that as well for the test.
+  PATH_SEPARATOR=:
+  (PATH='/bin;/bin'; FPATH=$PATH; sh -c :) >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+    && { (PATH='/bin:/bin'; FPATH=$PATH; sh -c :) >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+           || PATH_SEPARATOR=';'
+       }
+fi
+
+# We use a trap below for cleanup.  This requires us to go through
+# hoops to get the right exit status transported through the handler.
+# So use 'Exit STATUS' instead of 'exit STATUS' inside of the tests.
+# Turn off errexit here so that we don't trip the bug with OSF1/Tru64
+# sh inside this function.
+Exit () { set +e; (exit $1); exit $1; }
+
+# Print warnings (e.g., about skipped and failed tests) to this file number.
+# Override by defining to say, 9, in init.cfg, and putting say,
+#   export ...ENVVAR_SETTINGS...; $(SHELL) 9>&2
+# in the definition of TESTS_ENVIRONMENT in your tests/Makefile.am file.
+# This is useful when using automake's parallel tests mode, to print
+# the reason for skip/failure to console, rather than to the .log files.
+: ${stderr_fileno_=2}
+
+# Note that correct expansion of "$*" depends on IFS starting with ' '.
+# Always write the full diagnostic to stderr.
+# When stderr_fileno_ is not 2, also emit the first line of the
+# diagnostic to that file descriptor.
+warn_ ()
+{
+  # If IFS does not start with ' ', set it and emit the warning in a subshell.
+  case $IFS in
+    ' '*) printf '%s\n' "$*" >&2
+          test $stderr_fileno_ = 2 \
+            || { printf '%s\n' "$*" | sed 1q >&$stderr_fileno_ ; } ;;
+    *) (IFS=' '; warn_ "$@");;
+  esac
+}
+fail_ () { warn_ "$ME_: failed test: $@"; Exit 1; }
+skip_ () { warn_ "$ME_: skipped test: $@"; Exit 77; }
+fatal_ () { warn_ "$ME_: hard error: $@"; Exit 99; }
+framework_failure_ () { warn_ "$ME_: set-up failure: $@"; Exit 99; }
+
+# =============================================================================
+# Ensure the shell supports modern syntax.
+
+# Sanitize this shell to POSIX mode, if possible.
+DUALCASE=1; export DUALCASE
+if test -n "${ZSH_VERSION+set}" && (emulate sh) >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  emulate sh
+  NULLCMD=:
+  alias -g '${1+"$@"}'='"$@"'
+  setopt NO_GLOB_SUBST
+else
+  case `(set -o) 2>/dev/null` in
+    *posix*) set -o posix ;;
+  esac
+fi
+
+# We require $(...) support unconditionally.
+# We require that the printf built-in work correctly regarding octal escapes;
+# this eliminates /bin/sh on AIX 7.2.
+# We require non-surprising "local" semantics (this eliminates dash).
+# This takes the admittedly draconian step of eliminating dash, because the
+# assignment tab=$(printf '\t') works fine, yet preceding it with "local "
+# transforms it into an assignment that sets the variable to the empty string.
+# That is too counter-intuitive, and can lead to subtle run-time malfunction.
+# The example below is less subtle in that with dash, it evokes the run-time
+# exception "dash: 1: local: 1: bad variable name".
+# We require a few additional shell features only when $EXEEXT is nonempty,
+# in order to support automatic $EXEEXT emulation:
+# - hyphen-containing alias names
+# - we prefer to use ${var#...} substitution, rather than having
+#   to work around lack of support for that feature.
+# The following code attempts to find a shell with support for these features.
+# If the current shell passes the test, we're done.  Otherwise, test other
+# shells until we find one that passes.  If one is found, re-exec it.
+# If no acceptable shell is found, skip the current test.
+#
+# The "...set -x; P=1 true 2>err..." test is to disqualify any shell that
+# emits "P=1" into err, as /bin/sh from SunOS 5.11 and OpenBSD 4.7 do.
+#
+# Use "9" to indicate success (rather than 0), in case some shell acts
+# like Solaris 10's /bin/sh but exits successfully instead of with status 2.
+
+# Eval this code in a subshell to determine a shell's suitability.
+# 10 - passes all tests; ok to use
+#  9 - ok, but enabling "set -x" corrupts app stderr; prefer higher score
+#  ? - not ok
+gl_shell_test_script_='
+test $(echo y) = y || exit 1
+LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 printf "\\351" 2>/dev/null \
+  | LC_ALL=C tr "\\351" x | LC_ALL=C grep "^x$" > /dev/null \
+  || exit 1
+printf "\\351" 2>/dev/null \
+  | LC_ALL=C tr "\\351" x | LC_ALL=C grep "^x$" > /dev/null \
+  || exit 1
+f_local_() { local v=1; }; f_local_ || exit 1
+f_dash_local_fail_() { local t=$(printf " 1"); }; f_dash_local_fail_
+score_=10
+if test "$VERBOSE" = yes; then
+  test -n "$( (exec 3>&1; set -x; P=1 true 2>&3) 2> /dev/null)" && score_=9
+fi
+test -z "$EXEEXT" && exit $score_
+shopt -s expand_aliases
+alias a-b="echo zoo"
+v=abx
+     test ${v%x} = ab \
+  && test ${v#a} = bx \
+  && test $(a-b) = zoo \
+  && exit $score_
+'
+
+if test "x$1" = "x--no-reexec"; then
+  shift
+else
+  # Assume a working shell.  Export to subshells (setup_ needs this).
+  gl_set_x_corrupts_stderr_=false
+  export gl_set_x_corrupts_stderr_
+
+  # Record the first marginally acceptable shell.
+  marginal_=
+
+  # Search for a shell that meets our requirements.
+  for re_shell_ in __current__ "${CONFIG_SHELL:-no_shell}" \
+      /bin/sh bash dash zsh pdksh fail
+  do
+    test "$re_shell_" = no_shell && continue
+
+    # If we've made it all the way to the sentinel, "fail" without
+    # finding even a marginal shell, skip this test.
+    if test "$re_shell_" = fail; then
+      test -z "$marginal_" && skip_ failed to find an adequate shell
+      re_shell_=$marginal_
+      break
+    fi
+
+    # When testing the current shell, simply "eval" the test code.
+    # Otherwise, run it via $re_shell_ -c ...
+    if test "$re_shell_" = __current__; then
+      # 'eval'ing this code makes Solaris 10's /bin/sh exit with
+      # $? set to 2.  It does not evaluate any of the code after the
+      # "unexpected" first '('.  Thus, we must run it in a subshell.
+      ( eval "$gl_shell_test_script_" ) > /dev/null 2>&1
+    else
+      "$re_shell_" -c "$gl_shell_test_script_" 2>/dev/null
+    fi
+
+    st_=$?
+
+    # $re_shell_ works just fine.  Use it.
+    if test $st_ = 10; then
+      gl_set_x_corrupts_stderr_=false
+      break
+    fi
+
+    # If this is our first marginally acceptable shell, remember it.
+    if test "$st_:$marginal_" = 9: ; then
+      marginal_="$re_shell_"
+      gl_set_x_corrupts_stderr_=true
+    fi
+  done
+
+  if test "$re_shell_" != __current__; then
+    # Found a usable shell.  Preserve -v and -x.
+    case $- in
+      *v*x* | *x*v*) opts_=-vx ;;
+      *v*) opts_=-v ;;
+      *x*) opts_=-x ;;
+      *) opts_= ;;
+    esac
+    re_shell=$re_shell_
+    export re_shell
+    exec "$re_shell_" $opts_ "$0" --no-reexec "$@"
+    echo "$ME_: exec failed" 1>&2
+    exit 127
+  fi
+fi
+
+# =============================================================================
+# Ensure the shell behaves reasonably.
+
+# If this is bash, turn off all aliases.
+test -n "$BASH_VERSION" && unalias -a
+
+# Note that when supporting $EXEEXT (transparently mapping from PROG_NAME to
+# PROG_NAME.exe), we want to support hyphen-containing names like test-acos.
+# That is part of the shell-selection test above.  Why use aliases rather
+# than functions?  Because support for hyphen-containing aliases is more
+# widespread than that for hyphen-containing function names.
+test -n "$EXEEXT" && test -n "$BASH_VERSION" && shopt -s expand_aliases
+
+# =============================================================================
+# Creating a temporary directory (needed by the core test framework)
+
+# Create a temporary directory, much like mktemp -d does.
+# Written by Jim Meyering.
+#
+# Usage: mktempd_ /tmp phoey.XXXXXXXXXX
+#
+# First, try to use the mktemp program.
+# Failing that, we'll roll our own mktemp-like function:
+#  - try to get random bytes from /dev/urandom
+#  - failing that, generate output from a combination of quickly-varying
+#      sources and gzip.  Ignore non-varying gzip header, and extract
+#      "random" bits from there.
+#  - given those bits, map to file-name bytes using tr, and try to create
+#      the desired directory.
+#  - make only $MAX_TRIES_ attempts
+
+# Helper function.  Print $N pseudo-random bytes from a-zA-Z0-9.
+rand_bytes_ ()
+{
+  n_=$1
+
+  # Maybe try openssl rand -base64 $n_prime_|tr '+/=\012' abcd first?
+  # But if they have openssl, they probably have mktemp, too.
+
+  chars_=abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789
+  dev_rand_=/dev/urandom
+  if test -r "$dev_rand_"; then
+    # Note: 256-length($chars_) == 194; 3 copies of $chars_ is 186 + 8 = 194.
+    dd ibs=$n_ count=1 if=$dev_rand_ 2>/dev/null \
+      | LC_ALL=C tr -c $chars_ 01234567$chars_$chars_$chars_
+    return
+  fi
+
+  n_plus_50_=`expr $n_ + 50`
+  cmds_='date; date +%N; free; who -a; w; ps auxww; ps -ef'
+  data_=` (eval "$cmds_") 2>&1 | gzip `
+
+  # Ensure that $data_ has length at least 50+$n_
+  while :; do
+    len_=`echo "$data_"|wc -c`
+    test $n_plus_50_ -le $len_ && break;
+    data_=` (echo "$data_"; eval "$cmds_") 2>&1 | gzip `
+  done
+
+  echo "$data_" \
+    | dd bs=1 skip=50 count=$n_ 2>/dev/null \
+    | LC_ALL=C tr -c $chars_ 01234567$chars_$chars_$chars_
+}
+
+mktempd_ ()
+{
+  case $# in
+  2);;
+  *) fail_ "Usage: mktempd_ DIR TEMPLATE";;
+  esac
+
+  destdir_=$1
+  template_=$2
+
+  MAX_TRIES_=4
+
+  # Disallow any trailing slash on specified destdir:
+  # it would subvert the post-mktemp "case"-based destdir test.
+  case $destdir_ in
+  / | //) destdir_slash_=$destdir;;
+  */) fail_ "invalid destination dir: remove trailing slash(es)";;
+  *) destdir_slash_=$destdir_/;;
+  esac
+
+  case $template_ in
+  *XXXX) ;;
+  *) fail_ \
+       "invalid template: $template_ (must have a suffix of at least 4 X's)";;
+  esac
+
+  # First, try to use mktemp.
+  d=`unset TMPDIR; { mktemp -d -t -p "$destdir_" "$template_"; } 2>/dev/null` &&
+
+  # The resulting name must be in the specified directory.
+  case $d in "$destdir_slash_"*) :;; *) false;; esac &&
+
+  # It must have created the directory.
+  test -d "$d" &&
+
+  # It must have 0700 permissions.  Handle sticky "S" bits.
+  perms=`ls -dgo "$d" 2>/dev/null` &&
+  case $perms in drwx--[-S]---*) :;; *) false;; esac && {
+    echo "$d"
+    return
+  }
+
+  # If we reach this point, we'll have to create a directory manually.
+
+  # Get a copy of the template without its suffix of X's.
+  base_template_=`echo "$template_"|sed 's/XX*$//'`
+
+  # Calculate how many X's we've just removed.
+  template_length_=`echo "$template_" | wc -c`
+  nx_=`echo "$base_template_" | wc -c`
+  nx_=`expr $template_length_ - $nx_`
+
+  err_=
+  i_=1
+  while :; do
+    X_=`rand_bytes_ $nx_`
+    candidate_dir_="$destdir_slash_$base_template_$X_"
+    err_=`mkdir -m 0700 "$candidate_dir_" 2>&1` \
+      && { echo "$candidate_dir_"; return; }
+    test $MAX_TRIES_ -le $i_ && break;
+    i_=`expr $i_ + 1`
+  done
+  fail_ "$err_"
+}
+
+# =============================================================================
+# Core test framework
+
+# An arbitrary prefix to help distinguish test directories.
+testdir_prefix_ () { printf gt; }
+
+# Set up the environment for the test to run in.
+setup_ ()
+{
+  if test "$VERBOSE" = yes; then
+    # Test whether set -x may cause the selected shell to corrupt an
+    # application's stderr.  Many do, including zsh-4.3.10 and the /bin/sh
+    # from SunOS 5.11, OpenBSD 4.7 and Irix 6.5.
+    # If enabling verbose output this way would cause trouble, simply
+    # issue a warning and refrain.
+    if $gl_set_x_corrupts_stderr_; then
+      warn_ "using SHELL=$SHELL with 'set -x' corrupts stderr"
+    else
+      set -x
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  initial_cwd_=$PWD
+
+  # Create and enter the temporary directory.
+  pfx_=`testdir_prefix_`
+  test_dir_=`mktempd_ "$initial_cwd_" "$pfx_-$ME_.XXXX"` \
+    || fail_ "failed to create temporary directory in $initial_cwd_"
+  cd "$test_dir_" || fail_ "failed to cd to temporary directory"
+  # Set variables srcdir, builddir, for the convenience of the test.
+  case $srcdir in
+    /* | ?:*) ;;
+    *) srcdir="../$srcdir" ;;
+  esac
+  builddir=".."
+  export srcdir builddir
+
+  # As autoconf-generated configure scripts do, ensure that IFS
+  # is defined initially, so that saving and restoring $IFS works.
+  gl_init_sh_nl_='
+'
+  IFS=" ""	$gl_init_sh_nl_"
+
+  # This trap statement, along with a trap on 0 below, ensure that the
+  # temporary directory, $test_dir_, is removed upon exit as well as
+  # upon receipt of any of the listed signals.
+  for sig_ in 1 2 3 13 15; do
+    eval "trap 'Exit $(expr $sig_ + 128)' $sig_"
+  done
+
+  # Remove relative and non-accessible directories from PATH, including '.'
+  # and Zero-length entries.
+  saved_IFS="$IFS"
+  IFS=:
+  new_PATH=
+  sep_=
+  for dir in $PATH; do
+    case "$dir" in
+      /*) test -d "$dir/." || continue
+          new_PATH="${new_PATH}${sep_}${dir}"
+          sep_=':';;
+    esac
+  done
+  IFS="$saved_IFS"
+  PATH="$new_PATH"
+  export PATH
+}
+
+# This is a stub function that is run upon trap (upon regular exit and
+# interrupt).  Override it with a per-test function, e.g., to unmount
+# a partition, or to undo any other global state changes.
+cleanup_ () { :; }
+
+# Run the user-overridable cleanup_ function, remove the temporary
+# directory and exit with the incoming value of $?.
+remove_tmp_ ()
+{
+  __st=$?
+  cleanup_
+  if test "$KEEP" = yes; then
+    echo "Not removing temporary directory $test_dir_"
+  else
+    # cd out of the directory we're about to remove
+    cd "$initial_cwd_" || cd / || cd /tmp
+    chmod -R u+rwx "$test_dir_"
+    # If removal fails and exit status was to be 0, then change it to 1.
+    rm -rf "$test_dir_" || { test $__st = 0 && __st=1; }
+  fi
+  exit $__st
+}
+
+# =============================================================================
+# Prepending directories to PATH
+
+# Given a directory name, DIR, if every entry in it that matches *.exe
+# contains only the specified bytes (see the case stmt below), then print
+# a space-separated list of those names and return 0.  Otherwise, don't
+# print anything and return 1.  Naming constraints apply also to DIR.
+find_exe_basenames_ ()
+{
+  feb_dir_=$1
+  feb_fail_=0
+  feb_result_=
+  feb_sp_=
+  for feb_file_ in $feb_dir_/*.exe; do
+    # If there was no *.exe file, or there existed a file named "*.exe" that
+    # was deleted between the above glob expansion and the existence test
+    # below, just skip it.
+    test "x$feb_file_" = "x$feb_dir_/*.exe" && test ! -f "$feb_file_" \
+      && continue
+    # Exempt [.exe, since we can't create a function by that name, yet
+    # we can't invoke [ by PATH search anyways due to shell builtins.
+    test "x$feb_file_" = "x$feb_dir_/[.exe" && continue
+    case $feb_file_ in
+      *[!-a-zA-Z/0-9_.+]*) feb_fail_=1; break;;
+      *) # Remove leading file name components as well as the .exe suffix.
+         feb_file_=${feb_file_##*/}
+         feb_file_=${feb_file_%.exe}
+         feb_result_="$feb_result_$feb_sp_$feb_file_";;
+    esac
+    feb_sp_=' '
+  done
+  test $feb_fail_ = 0 && printf %s "$feb_result_"
+  return $feb_fail_
+}
+
+# Consider the files in directory, $1.
+# For each file name of the form PROG.exe, create an alias named
+# PROG that simply invokes PROG.exe, then return 0.  If any selected
+# file name or the directory name, $1, contains an unexpected character,
+# define no alias and return 1.
+create_exe_shims_ ()
+{
+  case $EXEEXT in
+    '') return 0 ;;
+    .exe) ;;
+    *) echo "$0: unexpected \$EXEEXT value: $EXEEXT" 1>&2; return 1 ;;
+  esac
+
+  base_names_=`find_exe_basenames_ $1` \
+    || { echo "$0 (exe_shim): skipping directory: $1" 1>&2; return 0; }
+
+  if test -n "$base_names_"; then
+    for base_ in $base_names_; do
+      alias "$base_"="$base_$EXEEXT"
+    done
+  fi
+
+  return 0
+}
+
+# Use this function to prepend to PATH an absolute name for each
+# specified, possibly-$initial_cwd_-relative, directory.
+path_prepend_ ()
+{
+  while test $# != 0; do
+    path_dir_=$1
+    case $path_dir_ in
+      '') fail_ "invalid path dir: '$1'";;
+      /* | ?:*) abs_path_dir_=$path_dir_;;
+      *) abs_path_dir_=$initial_cwd_/$path_dir_;;
+    esac
+    case $abs_path_dir_ in
+      *$PATH_SEPARATOR*) fail_ "invalid path dir: '$abs_path_dir_'";;
+    esac
+    PATH="$abs_path_dir_$PATH_SEPARATOR$PATH"
+
+    # Create an alias, FOO, for each FOO.exe in this directory.
+    create_exe_shims_ "$abs_path_dir_" \
+      || fail_ "something failed (above): $abs_path_dir_"
+    shift
+  done
+  export PATH
+}
+
+# =============================================================================
+# Convenience environment variables for the tests
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Enable glibc's malloc-perturbing option.
+# This is useful for exposing code that depends on the fact that
+# malloc-related functions often return memory that is mostly zeroed.
+# If you have the time and cycles, use valgrind to do an even better job.
+: ${MALLOC_PERTURB_=87}
+export MALLOC_PERTURB_
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# The interpreter for Bourne-shell scripts.
+# No special standards compatibility requirements.
+# Some environments, such as Android, don't have /bin/sh.
+if test -f /bin/sh$EXEEXT; then
+  BOURNE_SHELL=/bin/sh
+else
+  BOURNE_SHELL=sh
+fi
+
+# =============================================================================
+# Convenience functions for the tests
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Return value checking
+
+# This is used to simplify checking of the return value
+# which is useful when ensuring a command fails as desired.
+# I.e., just doing `command ... &&fail=1` will not catch
+# a segfault in command for example.  With this helper you
+# instead check an explicit exit code like
+#   returns_ 1 command ... || fail
+returns_ () {
+  # Disable tracing so it doesn't interfere with stderr of the wrapped command
+  { set +x; } 2>/dev/null
+
+  local exp_exit="$1"
+  shift
+  "$@"
+  test $? -eq $exp_exit && ret_=0 || ret_=1
+
+  if test "$VERBOSE" = yes && test "$gl_set_x_corrupts_stderr_" = false; then
+    set -x
+  fi
+  { return $ret_; } 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Text file comparison
+
+# Emit a header similar to that from diff -u;  Print the simulated "diff"
+# command so that the order of arguments is clear.  Don't bother with @@ lines.
+emit_diff_u_header_ ()
+{
+  printf '%s\n' "diff -u $*" \
+    "--- $1	1970-01-01" \
+    "+++ $2	1970-01-01"
+}
+
+# Arrange not to let diff or cmp operate on /dev/null,
+# since on some systems (at least OSF/1 5.1), that doesn't work.
+# When there are not two arguments, or no argument is /dev/null, return 2.
+# When one argument is /dev/null and the other is not empty,
+# cat the nonempty file to stderr and return 1.
+# Otherwise, return 0.
+compare_dev_null_ ()
+{
+  test $# = 2 || return 2
+
+  if test "x$1" = x/dev/null; then
+    test -s "$2" || return 0
+    emit_diff_u_header_ "$@"; sed 's/^/+/' "$2"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  if test "x$2" = x/dev/null; then
+    test -s "$1" || return 0
+    emit_diff_u_header_ "$@"; sed 's/^/-/' "$1"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  return 2
+}
+
+for diff_opt_ in -u -U3 -c '' no; do
+  test "$diff_opt_" != no &&
+    diff_out_=`exec 2>/dev/null; diff $diff_opt_ "$0" "$0" < /dev/null` &&
+    break
+done
+if test "$diff_opt_" != no; then
+  if test -z "$diff_out_"; then
+    compare_ () { diff $diff_opt_ "$@"; }
+  else
+    compare_ ()
+    {
+      # If no differences were found, AIX and HP-UX 'diff' produce output
+      # like "No differences encountered".  Hide this output.
+      diff $diff_opt_ "$@" > diff.out
+      diff_status_=$?
+      test $diff_status_ -eq 0 || cat diff.out || diff_status_=2
+      rm -f diff.out || diff_status_=2
+      return $diff_status_
+    }
+  fi
+elif cmp -s /dev/null /dev/null 2>/dev/null; then
+  compare_ () { cmp -s "$@"; }
+else
+  compare_ () { cmp "$@"; }
+fi
+
+# Usage: compare EXPECTED ACTUAL
+#
+# Given compare_dev_null_'s preprocessing, defer to compare_ if 2 or more.
+# Otherwise, propagate $? to caller: any diffs have already been printed.
+compare ()
+{
+  # This looks like it can be factored to use a simple "case $?"
+  # after unchecked compare_dev_null_ invocation, but that would
+  # fail in a "set -e" environment.
+  if compare_dev_null_ "$@"; then
+    return 0
+  else
+    case $? in
+      1) return 1;;
+      *) compare_ "$@";;
+    esac
+  fi
+}
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If you want to override the testdir_prefix_ function,
+# or to add more utility functions, use this file.
+test -f "$srcdir/init.cfg" \
+  && . "$srcdir/init.cfg"
+
+# =============================================================================
+# Set up the environment for the test to run in.
+
+setup_ "$@"
+# This trap is here, rather than in the setup_ function, because some
+# shells run the exit trap at shell function exit, rather than script exit.
+trap remove_tmp_ 0
diff --git a/tests/install/basic-1.sh b/tests/install/basic-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..690d591
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/install/basic-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Basic tests for "install".
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ginstall
+skip_if_root_
+
+dir=dir
+file=file
+
+rm -rf $dir $file || framework_failure_
+mkdir -p $dir || framework_failure_
+echo foo > $file || framework_failure_
+
+ginstall $file $dir || fail=1
+# Make sure the source file still exists.
+test -f $file || fail=1
+# Make sure the dest file has been created.
+test -f $dir/$file || fail=1
+
+# Make sure strip works.
+dd=dd$EXEEXT
+dd2=dd2$EXEEXT
+
+just_built_dd=$abs_top_builddir/src/$dd
+
+test -r "$just_built_dd" \
+  || warn_ "WARNING!!! Your just-built dd binary, $just_built_dd
+is not readable, so skipping the remaining tests in this file."
+
+cp "$just_built_dd" . || fail=1
+cp $dd $dd2 || fail=1
+
+strip=-s
+if ! strip $dd2; then
+  ! test -e $abs_top_builddir/src/coreutils \
+    && warn_ "WARNING!!! Your strip command doesn't seem to work,
+so skipping the test of install's --strip option."
+  strip=
+fi
+
+# This test would fail with 3.16s when using versions of strip that
+# don't work on read-only files (the one from binutils works fine).
+ginstall $strip -c -m 555 $dd $dir || fail=1
+# Make sure the source file is still around.
+test -f $dd || fail=1
+
+# Make sure that the destination file has the requested permissions.
+mode=$(ls -l $dir/$dd|cut -b-10)
+test "$mode" = -r-xr-xr-x || fail=1
+
+# These failed in coreutils CVS from 2004-06-25 to 2004-08-11.
+ginstall -d . || fail=1
+ginstall -d newdir || fail=1
+test -d newdir || fail=1
+ginstall -d newdir1 newdir2 newdir3 || fail=1
+test -d newdir1 || fail=1
+test -d newdir2 || fail=1
+test -d newdir3 || fail=1
+
+# This fails because mkdir-p.c's make_dir_parents fails to return to its
+# initial working directory ($iwd) after creating the first argument, and
+# hence cannot do anything meaningful with the following relative-named dirs.
+iwd=$(pwd)
+mkdir sub || fail=1
+(cd sub &&
+ chmod 0 . &&
+ returns_ 1 ginstall -d "$iwd/xx/yy" rel/sub1 rel/sub2 2> /dev/null
+) || fail=1
+chmod 755 sub
+
+# Ensure that the first argument-dir has been created.
+test -d xx/yy || fail=1
+
+# Make sure that the 'rel' directory was not created...
+test -d sub/rel && fail=1
+# and make sure it was not created in the wrong place.
+test -d xx/rel && fail=1
+
+# Test that we can install from an unreadable directory with an
+# inaccessible parent.  coreutils 5.97 fails this test.
+# Perform this test only if "." is on a local file system.
+# Otherwise, it would fail e.g., on an NFS-mounted file system.
+if is_local_dir_ .; then
+  mkdir -p sub1/d || fail=1
+  (cd sub1/d && chmod a-r . && chmod a-rx .. &&
+   ginstall -d "$iwd/xx/zz" rel/a rel/b) || fail=1
+  chmod 755 sub1 sub1/d || fail=1
+  test -d xx/zz || fail=1
+  test -d sub1/d/rel/a || fail=1
+  test -d sub1/d/rel/b || fail=1
+fi
+
+touch file || fail=1
+ginstall -Dv file sub3/a/b/c/file >out 2>&1 || fail=1
+compare - out <<\EOF || fail=1
+ginstall: creating directory 'sub3'
+ginstall: creating directory 'sub3/a'
+ginstall: creating directory 'sub3/a/b'
+ginstall: creating directory 'sub3/a/b/c'
+'file' -> 'sub3/a/b/c/file'
+EOF
+
+# Test -D together with -t (available since coreutils >= 8.23).
+# Let ginstall create a completely new destination hierarchy.
+ginstall -t sub4/a/b/c -Dv file >out 2>&1 || fail=1
+compare - out <<\EOF || fail=1
+ginstall: creating directory 'sub4'
+ginstall: creating directory 'sub4/a'
+ginstall: creating directory 'sub4/a/b'
+ginstall: creating directory 'sub4/a/b/c'
+'file' -> 'sub4/a/b/c/file'
+EOF
+
+# Ensure that -D with an already existing file as -t's option argument fails.
+touch sub4/file_exists || framework_failure_
+ginstall -t sub4/file_exists -Dv file >out 2>&1 && fail=1
+compare - out <<\EOF || fail=1
+ginstall: failed to access 'sub4/file_exists': Not a directory
+EOF
+
+# Ensure that -D with an already existing directory for -t's option argument
+# succeeds.
+mkdir sub4/dir_exists || framework_failure_
+touch sub4/dir_exists || framework_failure_
+ginstall -t sub4/dir_exists -Dv file >out 2>&1 || fail=1
+compare - out <<\EOF || fail=1
+'file' -> 'sub4/dir_exists/file'
+EOF
+
+# Ensure omitted directories are diagnosed
+returns_ 1 ginstall . . 2>err || fail=1
+printf '%s\n' "ginstall: omitting directory '.'" >exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/install/create-leading.sh b/tests/install/create-leading.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..61f447a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/install/create-leading.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test -D option.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# Note that the tests below use 'ginstall', not install, because
+# that's the name of the binary in ../../src.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ginstall
+
+
+file=file
+echo foo > $file || framework_failure_
+
+# Before 4.0q, this would mistakenly create $file, not 'dest'
+# in no-dir1/no-dir2/.
+ginstall -D $file no-dir1/no-dir2/dest || fail=1
+test -d no-dir1/no-dir2 || fail=1
+test -r no-dir1/no-dir2/dest || fail=1
+
+# Between 6.1 and 8.24, this would not copy $file
+# due to incorrectly modified working directory
+mkdir dir1 || framework_failure_
+touch dir1/file1 || framework_failure_
+ginstall -D "$PWD/dir1/file1" $file -t "$PWD/no-dir2/" || fail=1
+test -r no-dir2/$file && test -r no-dir2/file1 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/install/d-slashdot.sh b/tests/install/d-slashdot.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..13ab3fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/install/d-slashdot.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that ginstall -d works with arguments specified with a trailing "/.".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ginstall
+
+
+ginstall -d d1/. || fail=1
+test -d d1 || fail=1
+
+ginstall -d d2/.. || fail=1
+test -d d2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/install/install-C-root.sh b/tests/install/install-C-root.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e96ac52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/install/install-C-root.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure "install -C" compares owner and group.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ginstall
+require_root_
+skip_if_setgid_
+skip_if_nondefault_group_
+
+u1=1
+u2=2
+g1=1
+g2=2
+
+
+echo test > a || framework_failure_
+echo "'a' -> 'b'" > out_installed_first
+echo "removed 'b'
+'a' -> 'b'" > out_installed_second
+> out_empty
+
+# destination file does not exist
+ginstall -Cv -o$u1 -g$g1 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_installed_first || fail=1
+
+# destination file exists
+ginstall -Cv -o$u1 -g$g1 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_empty || fail=1
+
+# destination file exists but -C is not given
+ginstall -v -o$u1 -g$g1 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_installed_second || fail=1
+
+# destination file exists but owner differs
+ginstall -Cv -o$u2 -g$g1 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_installed_second || fail=1
+ginstall -Cv -o$u2 -g$g1 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_empty || fail=1
+
+# destination file exists but group differs
+ginstall -Cv -o$u2 -g$g2 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_installed_second || fail=1
+ginstall -Cv -o$u2 -g$g2 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_empty || fail=1
+
+# destination file exists but owner differs from getuid ()
+ginstall -Cv -o$u2 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_installed_second || fail=1
+ginstall -Cv a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_installed_second || fail=1
+ginstall -Cv a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_empty || fail=1
+
+# destination file exists but group differs from getgid ()
+ginstall -Cv -g$g2 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_installed_second || fail=1
+ginstall -Cv a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_installed_second || fail=1
+ginstall -Cv a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_empty || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/install/install-C-selinux.sh b/tests/install/install-C-selinux.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9433d30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/install/install-C-selinux.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure "install -C" compares SELinux context.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ginstall
+require_selinux_
+skip_if_nondefault_group_
+
+echo test > a || framework_failure_
+chcon -u system_u a || skip_ "chcon doesn't work"
+
+echo "'a' -> 'b'" > out_installed_first
+echo "removed 'b'
+'a' -> 'b'" > out_installed_second
+> out_empty
+
+# destination file does not exist
+ginstall -Cv --preserve-context a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_installed_first || fail=1
+
+# destination file exists
+ginstall -Cv --preserve-context a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_empty || fail=1
+
+# destination file exists but -C is not given
+ginstall -v --preserve-context a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_installed_second || fail=1
+
+# destination file exists but SELinux context differs
+chcon -u unconfined_u a || skip_ "chcon doesn't work"
+ginstall -Cv --preserve-context a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_installed_second || fail=1
+ginstall -Cv --preserve-context a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_empty || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/install/install-C.sh b/tests/install/install-C.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..748d5a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/install/install-C.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure "install -C" works. (basic tests)
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ginstall
+skip_if_setgid_
+skip_if_nondefault_group_
+
+# Note if a group is not specified, install(1) will assume that a file
+# would be installed with the current user's group ID, and thus if the
+# file is the same except that it does have a different group due to
+# its parent directory being g+s for example, then the copy will be
+# done again redundantly in a futile attempt to reset the group ID to
+# that of the current user.
+#
+#  install -d -g wheel -m 2775 test  # Create setgid dir
+#  touch test/a                      # Create source
+#  install -Cv -m664 test/a test/i1  # install source with mode
+#  install -Cv -m664 test/i1 test/i2 # install dest
+#  install -Cv -m664 test/i1 test/i2 # again to see redundant install
+#
+# Similarly if an existing file exists that is the same and has the
+# current users group ID, but when an actual install of the file would
+# reset to a different group ID due to the directory being g+s for example,
+# then the install will not be done when it should.
+#
+#  install -Cv -m664 -g "$(id -nrg)" test/i1 test/i2 # set i2 to uesr's gid
+#  install -Cv -m664 test/i1 test/i2 # this should install but doesn't
+#
+# Therefore we skip the test in the presence of setgid dirs
+# An additional complication on HFS is that it...
+
+mode1=0644
+mode2=0755
+mode3=2755
+
+
+echo test > a || framework_failure_
+echo "'a' -> 'b'" > out_installed_first || framework_failure_
+echo "removed 'b'
+'a' -> 'b'" > out_installed_second || framework_failure_
+> out_empty || framework_failure_
+
+# destination file does not exist
+ginstall -Cv -m$mode1 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_installed_first || fail=1
+
+# destination file exists
+ginstall -Cv -m$mode1 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_empty || fail=1
+
+# destination file exists (long option)
+ginstall -v --compare -m$mode1 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_empty || fail=1
+
+# destination file exists but -C is not given
+ginstall -v -m$mode1 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_installed_second || fail=1
+
+# option -C ignored if any non-permission mode should be set
+ginstall -Cv -m$mode3 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_installed_second || fail=1
+ginstall -Cv -m$mode3 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_installed_second || fail=1
+
+# files are not regular files
+ln -s a c || framework_failure_
+ln -s b d || framework_failure_
+ginstall -Cv -m$mode1 c d > out || fail=1
+echo "removed 'd'
+'c' -> 'd'" > out_installed_second_cd
+compare out out_installed_second_cd || fail=1
+
+# destination file exists but content differs
+echo test1 > a || framework_failure_
+ginstall -Cv -m$mode1 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_installed_second || fail=1
+ginstall -Cv -m$mode1 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_empty || fail=1
+
+# destination file exists but content differs (same size)
+echo test2 > a || framework_failure_
+ginstall -Cv -m$mode1 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_installed_second || fail=1
+ginstall -Cv -m$mode1 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_empty || fail=1
+
+# destination file exists but mode differs
+ginstall -Cv -m$mode2 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_installed_second || fail=1
+ginstall -Cv -m$mode2 a b > out || fail=1
+compare out out_empty || fail=1
+
+# options -C and --preserve-timestamps are mutually exclusive
+returns_ 1 ginstall -C --preserve-timestamps a b || fail=1
+
+# options -C and --strip are mutually exclusive
+returns_ 1 ginstall -C --strip --strip-program=echo a b || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/install/install-Z-selinux.sh b/tests/install/install-Z-selinux.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..05aaf89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/install/install-Z-selinux.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# test 'install -Z -D' and 'install -Z -d'
+# based on tests/mkdir/restorecon.sh
+
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ginstall
+require_selinux_
+
+mkdir subdir || framework_failure_
+ctx='root:object_r:tmp_t'
+mls_enabled_ && ctx="$ctx:s0"
+chcon "$ctx" subdir || skip_ "Failed to set context: $ctx"
+cd subdir
+
+# Since in a tmp_t dir, dirs can be created as user_tmp_t ...
+touch standard || framework_failure_
+mkdir restored || framework_failure_
+if restorecon restored 2>/dev/null; then
+  # ... but when restored can be set to user_home_t
+  # So ensure the type for these mkdir -Z cases matches
+  # the directory type as set by restorecon.
+  ginstall -Z standard single || fail=1
+  ginstall -Z -d single_d || fail=1
+  # Run these as separate processes in case global context
+  # set for an arg, impacts on another arg
+  # TODO: Have the defaultcon() vary over these directories
+  for dst in single_d/existing/file multi/ple/file; do
+    ginstall -Z -D standard "$dst" || fail=1
+  done
+  restored_type=$(get_selinux_type 'restored')
+  test "$(get_selinux_type 'single')" = "$restored_type" || fail=1
+  test "$(get_selinux_type 'single_d')" = "$restored_type" || fail=1
+  test "$(get_selinux_type 'single_d/existing')" = "$restored_type" || fail=1
+  test "$(get_selinux_type 'multi')" = "$restored_type" || fail=1
+  test "$(get_selinux_type 'multi/ple')" = "$restored_type" || fail=1
+fi
+if test "$fail" = '1'; then
+  ls -UZd standard restored
+  ls -UZd single single_d single_d/existing multi multi/ple
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/install/strip-program.sh b/tests/install/strip-program.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1c70481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/install/strip-program.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure "install -s --strip-program=PROGRAM" uses the program to strip
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ginstall
+
+working_umask_or_skip_
+
+cat <<EOF > b || framework_failure_
+#!$SHELL
+sed s/b/B/ \$1 > \$1.t && mv \$1.t \$1
+EOF
+chmod a+x b || framework_failure_
+
+
+echo abc > src || framework_failure_
+echo aBc > exp || framework_failure_
+ginstall src dest -s --strip-program=./b || fail=1
+compare exp dest || fail=1
+
+# Check that install cleans up properly if strip fails.
+returns_ 1 ginstall src dest2 -s --strip-program=./FOO || fail=1
+test -e dest2 && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/install/trap.sh b/tests/install/trap.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5af999c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/install/trap.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that 'install -s' doesn't infloop when its parent
+# process traps CHLD signal.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ginstall
+require_trap_signame_
+
+
+# Use a subshell and an exec to work around a bug in FreeBSD 5.0 /bin/sh.
+(
+  trap '' CHLD
+
+  # Before 2004-04-21, install would infloop, in the 'while (wait...' loop:
+  exec ginstall -s "$abs_top_builddir/src/ginstall$EXEEXT" .
+)
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/lang-default b/tests/lang-default
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..882672f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/lang-default
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Set locale-related environment variables so we get consistent
+# message translations, time formats, sort orderings, etc.
+
+LC_ALL=C
+export LC_ALL
+unset LANGUAGE NLSPATH
+
+# These settings shouldn't matter, but unset them anyway just in case.
+unset LANG LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MESSAGES LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME
diff --git a/tests/ln/backup-1.sh b/tests/ln/backup-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7ae4f73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ln/backup-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Try to create a symlink with backup where the destination file exists
+# and the backup file name is a hard link to the destination file.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1999-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# Based on a problem report from Jamie Lokier.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ln
+
+touch a b || framework_failure_
+
+ln b b~ || fail=1
+ln -f --b=simple a b || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ln/hard-backup.sh b/tests/ln/hard-backup.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2d72065
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ln/hard-backup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that 'ln --backup F F' gives a proper diagnostic.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ln
+
+touch f || framework_failure_
+
+
+ln --backup f f 2> out && fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+ln: 'f' and 'f' are the same file
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ln/hard-to-sym.sh b/tests/ln/hard-to-sym.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..daba9e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ln/hard-to-sym.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Tests for ln -L/-P.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ln
+
+
+# ===================================================
+# ensure -s silently overrides -L, -P
+touch a || framework_failure_
+ln -L -s a symlink1 || fail=1
+ln -P -s symlink1 symlink2 || fail=1
+ln -s -L -P symlink2 symlink3 || fail=1
+
+# ===================================================
+# ensure that -L follows symlinks, and overrides -P
+if ln -P -L symlink3 hard-to-a; then
+  ls=$(ls -lG hard-to-a)x
+  case "$ls" in
+    *'hard-to-ax') ;;
+    *'hard-to-a -> '*x) fail=1 ;;
+    *) framework_failure_ ;;
+  esac
+else
+  fail=1
+fi
+
+# ===================================================
+# ensure that -P links (or at least duplicates) symlinks, and overrides -L
+if ln -L -P symlink3 hard-to-3; then
+  ls=$(ls -lG hard-to-3)x
+  case "$ls" in
+    *'hard-to-3 -> symlink2x') ;;
+    *'hard-to-3x') fail=1 ;;
+    *'hard-to-3 -> '*x) fail=1 ;;
+    *) framework_failure_ ;;
+  esac
+else
+  fail=1
+fi
+
+# ===================================================
+# Create a hard link to a dangling symlink.
+ln -s /no-such-dir || framework_failure_
+ln -L no-such-dir hard-to-dangle 2>err && fail=1
+case $(cat err) in
+  *" failed to access 'no-such-dir'":*) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+ln -P no-such-dir hard-to-dangle || fail=1
+
+# ===================================================
+# Create a hard link to a symlink to a directory.
+mkdir d || framework_failure_
+ln -s d link-to-dir || framework_failure_
+ln -L link-to-dir hard-to-dir-link 2>err && fail=1
+case $(cat err) in
+  *": link-to-dir: hard link not allowed for directory"*) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+ln -P link-to-dir/ hard-to-dir-link 2>err && fail=1
+case $(cat err) in
+  *": link-to-dir/: hard link not allowed for directory"*) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+ln -P link-to-dir hard-to-dir-link || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ln/misc.sh b/tests/ln/misc.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9604a71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ln/misc.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Miscellaneous tests for "ln".
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ln
+
+t=tln-symlink
+d=tln-subdir
+ld=tln-symlink-to-subdir
+f=tln-file
+
+# Create a simple symlink with both source and destination files
+# in current directory.
+touch $f || framework_failure_
+rm -f $t || framework_failure_
+ln -s $f $t || fail=1
+test -f $t || fail=1
+rm $t $f
+
+# Create a symlink with source file and explicit destination directory/file.
+touch $f || framework_failure_
+rm -rf $d || framework_failure_
+mkdir $d || framework_failure_
+ln -s ../$f $d/$t || fail=1
+test -f $d/$t || fail=1
+rm -rf $d $f
+
+# Create a symlink with source file and destination directory.
+touch $f || framework_failure_
+rm -rf $d || framework_failure_
+mkdir $d || framework_failure_
+ln -s ../$f $d || fail=1
+test -f $d/$f || fail=1
+rm -rf $d $f
+
+# See whether a trailing slash is followed too far.
+touch $f || framework_failure_
+rm -rf $d || framework_failure_
+mkdir $d $d/$f || framework_failure_
+returns_ 1 ln $f $d/ 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 ln -s $f $d/ 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+rm -rf $d $f
+
+# Make sure we get a failure with existing dest without -f option
+touch $t || framework_failure_
+# FIXME: don't ignore the error message but rather test
+# it to make sure it's the right one.
+returns_ 1 ln -s $t $t 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+rm $t
+
+# Make sure -sf fails when src and dest are the same
+touch $t || framework_failure_
+returns_ 1 ln -sf $t $t 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+rm $t
+
+# Create a symlink with source file and no explicit directory
+rm -rf $d || framework_failure_
+mkdir $d || framework_failure_
+touch $d/$f || framework_failure_
+ln -s $d/$f || fail=1
+test -f $f || fail=1
+rm -rf $d $f
+
+# Create a symlink with source file and destination symlink-to-directory.
+rm -rf $d $f $ld || framework_failure_
+touch $f || framework_failure_
+mkdir $d || framework_failure_
+ln -s $d $ld
+ln -s ../$f $ld || fail=1
+test -f $d/$f || fail=1
+rm -rf $d $f $ld
+
+# Create a symlink with source file and destination symlink-to-directory.
+# BUT use the new --no-dereference option.
+rm -rf $d $f $ld || framework_failure_
+touch $f || framework_failure_
+mkdir $d || framework_failure_
+ln -s $d $ld
+af=$(pwd)/$f
+ln --no-dereference -fs "$af" $ld || fail=1
+test -f $ld || fail=1
+rm -rf $d $f $ld
+
+# Try to create a symlink with backup where the destination file exists
+# and the backup file name is a hard link to the destination file.
+touch a b || framework_failure_
+ln b b~ || framework_failure_
+ln -f --b=simple a b || fail=1
+
+# ===================================================
+
+# Make sure ln can make simple backups.
+# This was fixed in 4.0.34.  Broken in 4.0r.
+for cmd in ln cp mv ginstall; do
+  rm -rf a x a.orig
+  touch a x || framework_failure_
+  $cmd --backup=simple --suffix=.orig x a || fail=1
+  test -f a.orig || fail=1
+done
+
+# ===================================================
+# With coreutils-5.2.1, this would mistakenly access argv[1][-1].
+# I'm including it here, in case some day programs like valgrind detect that.
+# Purify probably would have done so.
+ln foo '' 2> /dev/null
+
+# ===================================================
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ln/relative.sh b/tests/ln/relative.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f66be22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ln/relative.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test "ln --relative".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ln
+
+mkdir -p usr/bin || framework_failure_
+mkdir -p usr/lib/foo || framework_failure_
+touch usr/lib/foo/foo || framework_failure_
+
+ln -sr usr/lib/foo/foo usr/bin/foo
+test $(readlink usr/bin/foo) = '../lib/foo/foo' || fail=1
+
+ln -sr usr/bin/foo usr/lib/foo/link-to-foo
+test $(readlink usr/lib/foo/link-to-foo) = 'foo' || fail=1
+
+# Correctly update an existing link, which was broken in <= 8.21
+ln -s dir1/dir2/f existing_link
+ln -srf here existing_link
+test $(readlink existing_link) = 'here' || fail=1
+
+# Demonstrate resolved symlinks used to generate relative links
+# so here, 'web/latest' will not be linked to the intermediate 'latest' link.
+# You'd probably want to use realpath(1) in conjunction
+# with ln(1) without --relative to give greater control.
+ln -s release1 alpha
+ln -s release2 beta
+ln -s beta latest
+mkdir web
+ln -sr latest web/latest
+test $(readlink web/latest) = '../release2' || fail=1
+
+# Expect this to fail with exit status 1, or to succeed quietly (freebsd).
+# Prior to coreutils-8.23, it would segfault.
+ln -sr '' F
+case $? in [01]) ;; *) fail=1;; esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ln/sf-1.sh b/tests/ln/sf-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1c9f5dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ln/sf-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test "ln -sf".
+
+# Copyright (C) 1997-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ln
+
+echo foo > a || framework_failure_
+
+# Check that a target directory of '.' is supported
+# and that indirectly specifying the same target and link name
+# through that is detected.
+ln -s . b || framework_failure_
+ln -sf a b > err 2>&1 && fail=1
+case $(cat err) in
+  *'are the same file') ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+
+# Ensure we replace symlinks that don't or can't link to an existing target.
+# coreutils-8.22 would fail to replace {ENOTDIR,ELOOP,ENAMETOOLONG}_link below.
+# We apply a limit since AIX returns 2^32-1 which would trigger resource issues.
+name_max=$(stat -f -c %l .) && test "$name_max" -lt $((1024*1024)) ||
+  name_max=1 # skip this portion of the test
+name_max_plus1=$(expr $name_max + 1)
+long_name=$(printf '%*s' $name_max_plus1 | tr ' ' '0')
+
+for f in '' f; do
+  ln -s$f missing ENOENT_link || fail=1
+  ln -s$f a/b ENOTDIR_link || fail=1
+  ln -s$f ELOOP_link ELOOP_link || fail=1
+  ln -s$f "$long_name" ENAMETOOLONG_link || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ln/slash-decorated-nonexistent-dest.sh b/tests/ln/slash-decorated-nonexistent-dest.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bc34930
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ln/slash-decorated-nonexistent-dest.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that touch f; ln -T f no-such-file/ does not mistakenly succeed
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ln
+
+touch f || framework_failure_
+
+
+# Before coreutils-7.6, this would succeed on Solaris 10
+returns_ 1 ln -T f no-such-file/ || fail=1
+test -e no-such-file && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ln/target-1.sh b/tests/ln/target-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..32c57c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ln/target-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test "ln --target-dir" with one file.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# Before coreutils-4.5.3, --target-dir didn't work with one file.
+# It would create the desired link, but would fail with a diagnosis like this:
+# ln: 'd/.': cannot overwrite directory
+# Based on a test case from Dmitry V. Levin.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ln
+
+mkdir d || framework_failure_
+ln -s --target-dir=d ../f || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/local.mk b/tests/local.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f77786
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/local.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,915 @@
+## Process this file with automake to produce Makefile.in -*-Makefile-*-.
+
+## Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+## This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+## it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+## the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+## (at your option) any later version.
+
+## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+## but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+## GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+## along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# Indirections required so that we'll still be able to know the
+# complete list of our tests even if the user overrides TESTS
+# from the command line (as permitted by the test harness API).
+TESTS = $(all_tests) $(factor_tests)
+root_tests = $(all_root_tests)
+
+EXTRA_DIST += $(all_tests)
+
+TEST_EXTENSIONS = .sh .pl .xpl
+
+if HAVE_PERL
+TESTSUITE_PERL = $(PERL)
+else
+TESTSUITE_PERL = $(SHELL) $(srcdir)/tests/no-perl
+endif
+
+# Options passed to the perl invocations running the perl test scripts.
+TESTSUITE_PERL_OPTIONS = -w -I$(srcdir)/tests -MCuSkip -MCoreutils
+# '$f' is set by the Automake-generated test harness to the path of the
+# current test script stripped of VPATH components, and is used by the
+# CuTmpdir module to determine the name of the temporary files to be
+# used.  Note that $f is a shell variable, not a make macro, so the use
+# of '$$f' below is correct, and not a typo.
+TESTSUITE_PERL_OPTIONS += -M"CuTmpdir qw($$f)"
+
+SH_LOG_COMPILER = $(SHELL)
+PL_LOG_COMPILER = $(TESTSUITE_PERL) $(TESTSUITE_PERL_OPTIONS)
+# Perl scripts that must be run in tainted mode.
+XPL_LOG_COMPILER = $(TESTSUITE_PERL) -T $(TESTSUITE_PERL_OPTIONS)
+
+# We don't want this to go in the top-level directory.
+TEST_SUITE_LOG = tests/test-suite.log
+
+# Note that the first lines are statements.  They ensure that environment
+# variables that can perturb tests are unset or set to expected values.
+# The rest are envvar settings that propagate build-related Makefile
+# variables to test scripts.
+TESTS_ENVIRONMENT =				\
+  . $(srcdir)/tests/lang-default;		\
+  tmp__=$${TMPDIR-/tmp};			\
+  test -d "$$tmp__" && test -w "$$tmp__" || tmp__=.;	\
+  . $(srcdir)/tests/envvar-check;		\
+  TMPDIR=$$tmp__; export TMPDIR;		\
+  export					\
+  VERSION='$(VERSION)'				\
+  LOCALE_FR='$(LOCALE_FR)'			\
+  LOCALE_FR_UTF8='$(LOCALE_FR_UTF8)'		\
+  abs_top_builddir='$(abs_top_builddir)'	\
+  abs_top_srcdir='$(abs_top_srcdir)'		\
+  abs_srcdir='$(abs_srcdir)'			\
+  built_programs='$(built_programs) $(single_binary_progs)' \
+  fail=0					\
+  host_os=$(host_os)				\
+  host_triplet='$(host_triplet)'		\
+  srcdir='$(srcdir)'				\
+  top_srcdir='$(top_srcdir)'			\
+  CONFIG_HEADER='$(abs_top_builddir)/$(CONFIG_INCLUDE)' \
+  CU_TEST_NAME=`basename '$(abs_srcdir)'`,`echo $$tst|sed 's,^\./,,;s,/,-,g'` \
+  CC='$(CC)'					\
+  AWK='$(AWK)'					\
+  EGREP='$(EGREP)'				\
+  EXEEXT='$(EXEEXT)'				\
+  MAKE=$(MAKE)					\
+  PACKAGE_VERSION=$(PACKAGE_VERSION)		\
+  PERL='$(PERL)'				\
+  SHELL='$(PREFERABLY_POSIX_SHELL)'		\
+  ; test -d /usr/xpg4/bin && PATH='/usr/xpg4/bin$(PATH_SEPARATOR)'"$$PATH"; \
+  PATH='$(abs_top_builddir)/src$(PATH_SEPARATOR)'"$$PATH" \
+  ; 9>&2
+
+# On failure, display the global testsuite log on stdout.
+VERBOSE = yes
+
+EXTRA_DIST +=			\
+  init.cfg			\
+  tests/Coreutils.pm		\
+  tests/CuSkip.pm		\
+  tests/CuTmpdir.pm		\
+  tests/d_type-check		\
+  tests/envvar-check		\
+  tests/factor/run.sh		\
+  tests/factor/create-test.sh	\
+  tests/filefrag-extent-compare \
+  tests/seek-data-capable	\
+  tests/init.sh			\
+  tests/lang-default		\
+  tests/no-perl			\
+  tests/other-fs-tmpdir		\
+  tests/sample-test		\
+  $(pr_data)
+
+all_root_tests =				\
+  tests/chown/basic.sh				\
+  tests/cp/cp-a-selinux.sh			\
+  tests/cp/preserve-gid.sh			\
+  tests/cp/special-bits.sh			\
+  tests/cp/cp-mv-enotsup-xattr.sh		\
+  tests/cp/capability.sh			\
+  tests/cp/sparse-extents-2.sh			\
+  tests/cp/cross-dev-symlink.sh			\
+  tests/dd/skip-seek-past-dev.sh		\
+  tests/df/problematic-chars.sh			\
+  tests/df/over-mount-device.sh			\
+  tests/du/bind-mount-dir-cycle.sh		\
+  tests/du/bind-mount-dir-cycle-v2.sh		\
+  tests/id/setgid.sh				\
+  tests/install/install-C-root.sh		\
+  tests/ls/capability.sh			\
+  tests/ls/nameless-uid.sh			\
+  tests/misc/chcon.sh				\
+  tests/misc/chroot-credentials.sh		\
+  tests/misc/selinux.sh				\
+  tests/misc/truncate-owned-by-other.sh		\
+  tests/mkdir/writable-under-readonly.sh	\
+  tests/mkdir/smack-root.sh			\
+  tests/mv/hardlink-case.sh			\
+  tests/mv/sticky-to-xpart.sh			\
+  tests/rm/fail-2eperm.sh			\
+  tests/rm/no-give-up.sh			\
+  tests/rm/one-file-system.sh			\
+  tests/rm/read-only.sh				\
+  tests/rm/empty-immutable-skip.sh		\
+  tests/tail-2/append-only.sh			\
+  tests/tail-2/end-of-device.sh			\
+  tests/touch/now-owned-by-other.sh
+
+ALL_RECURSIVE_TARGETS += check-root
+.PHONY: check-root
+check-root:
+	$(MAKE) check TESTS='$(root_tests)' SUBDIRS=.
+
+# Do not choose a name that is a shell keyword like 'if', or a
+# commonly-used utility like 'cat' or 'test', as the name of a test.
+# Otherwise, VPATH builds will fail on hosts like Solaris, since they
+# will expand 'if test ...' to 'if .../test ...', and the '.../test'
+# will execute the test script rather than the standard utility.
+
+# Notes on the ordering of these tests:
+# Place early in the list tests of the tools that
+# are most commonly used in test scripts themselves.
+# E.g., nearly every test script uses rm and chmod.
+# help-version comes early because it's a basic sanity test.
+# Put seq early, since lots of other tests use it.
+# Put tests that sleep early, but not all together, so in parallel builds
+# they share time with tests that burn CPU, not with others that sleep.
+# Put head-elide-tail early, because it's long-running.
+
+all_tests =					\
+  tests/misc/help-version.sh			\
+  tests/misc/help-version-getopt.sh		\
+  tests/tail-2/inotify-race.sh			\
+  tests/tail-2/inotify-race2.sh			\
+  tests/misc/invalid-opt.pl			\
+  tests/rm/ext3-perf.sh				\
+  tests/rm/cycle.sh				\
+  tests/cp/link-heap.sh				\
+  tests/cp/no-ctx.sh				\
+  tests/misc/tty-eof.pl				\
+  tests/tail-2/inotify-hash-abuse.sh		\
+  tests/tail-2/inotify-hash-abuse2.sh		\
+  tests/tail-2/F-vs-missing.sh			\
+  tests/tail-2/F-vs-rename.sh			\
+  tests/tail-2/F-headers.sh			\
+  tests/tail-2/descriptor-vs-rename.sh		\
+  tests/tail-2/inotify-rotate.sh		\
+  tests/tail-2/inotify-rotate-resources.sh	\
+  tests/tail-2/inotify-dir-recreate.sh		\
+  tests/tail-2/inotify-only-regular.sh		\
+  tests/chmod/no-x.sh				\
+  tests/chgrp/basic.sh				\
+  tests/rm/dangling-symlink.sh			\
+  tests/misc/ls-time.sh				\
+  tests/rm/d-1.sh				\
+  tests/rm/d-2.sh				\
+  tests/rm/d-3.sh				\
+  tests/rm/deep-1.sh				\
+  tests/rm/deep-2.sh				\
+  tests/rm/dir-no-w.sh				\
+  tests/rm/dir-nonrecur.sh			\
+  tests/rm/dot-rel.sh				\
+  tests/rm/isatty.sh				\
+  tests/rm/empty-inacc.sh			\
+  tests/rm/empty-name.pl			\
+  tests/rm/f-1.sh				\
+  tests/rm/fail-eacces.sh			\
+  tests/rm/fail-eperm.xpl			\
+  tests/tail-2/assert.sh			\
+  tests/rm/hash.sh				\
+  tests/rm/i-1.sh				\
+  tests/rm/i-never.sh				\
+  tests/rm/i-no-r.sh				\
+  tests/rm/ignorable.sh				\
+  tests/rm/inaccessible.sh			\
+  tests/rm/interactive-always.sh		\
+  tests/rm/interactive-once.sh			\
+  tests/rm/ir-1.sh				\
+  tests/rm/one-file-system2.sh			\
+  tests/rm/r-1.sh				\
+  tests/rm/r-2.sh				\
+  tests/rm/r-3.sh				\
+  tests/rm/r-4.sh				\
+  tests/rm/r-root.sh				\
+  tests/rm/readdir-bug.sh			\
+  tests/rm/rm1.sh				\
+  tests/touch/empty-file.sh			\
+  tests/rm/rm2.sh				\
+  tests/rm/rm3.sh				\
+  tests/rm/rm4.sh				\
+  tests/rm/rm5.sh				\
+  tests/rm/sunos-1.sh				\
+  tests/rm/unread2.sh				\
+  tests/rm/unread3.sh				\
+  tests/rm/unreadable.pl			\
+  tests/rm/v-slash.sh				\
+  tests/rm/many-dir-entries-vs-OOM.sh		\
+  tests/rm/rm-readdir-fail.sh			\
+  tests/chgrp/default-no-deref.sh		\
+  tests/chgrp/deref.sh				\
+  tests/chgrp/no-x.sh				\
+  tests/chgrp/posix-H.sh			\
+  tests/chgrp/recurse.sh			\
+  tests/fmt/base.pl				\
+  tests/fmt/goal-option.sh			\
+  tests/fmt/long-line.sh			\
+  tests/fmt/non-space.sh			\
+  tests/misc/echo.sh				\
+  tests/misc/env.sh				\
+  tests/misc/env-signal-handler.sh		\
+  tests/misc/ptx.pl				\
+  tests/misc/test.pl				\
+  tests/misc/seq.pl				\
+  tests/misc/seq-epipe.sh			\
+  tests/misc/seq-extra-number.sh		\
+  tests/misc/seq-io-errors.sh			\
+  tests/misc/seq-locale.sh			\
+  tests/misc/seq-long-double.sh			\
+  tests/misc/seq-precision.sh			\
+  tests/misc/head.pl				\
+  tests/misc/head-elide-tail.pl			\
+  tests/tail-2/tail-n0f.sh			\
+  tests/misc/ls-misc.pl				\
+  tests/misc/date.pl				\
+  tests/misc/date-next-dow.pl			\
+  tests/misc/ptx-overrun.sh			\
+  tests/misc/xstrtol.pl				\
+  tests/tail-2/overlay-headers.sh		\
+  tests/tail-2/pid.sh				\
+  tests/misc/od.pl				\
+  tests/misc/od-endian.sh			\
+  tests/misc/od-float.sh			\
+  tests/misc/mktemp.pl				\
+  tests/misc/arch.sh				\
+  tests/misc/join.pl				\
+  tests/pr/pr-tests.pl				\
+  tests/misc/pwd-option.sh			\
+  tests/misc/chcon-fail.sh			\
+  tests/misc/coreutils.sh			\
+  tests/misc/cut.pl				\
+  tests/misc/cut-huge-range.sh			\
+  tests/misc/wc.pl				\
+  tests/misc/wc-files0-from.pl			\
+  tests/misc/wc-files0.sh			\
+  tests/misc/wc-nbsp.sh				\
+  tests/misc/wc-parallel.sh			\
+  tests/misc/wc-proc.sh				\
+  tests/misc/cat-E.sh				\
+  tests/misc/cat-proc.sh			\
+  tests/misc/cat-buf.sh				\
+  tests/misc/cat-self.sh			\
+  tests/misc/base64.pl				\
+  tests/misc/basename.pl			\
+  tests/misc/basenc.pl				\
+  tests/misc/close-stdout.sh			\
+  tests/misc/chroot-fail.sh			\
+  tests/misc/cksum.sh				\
+  tests/misc/cksum-a.sh				\
+  tests/misc/cksum-c.sh				\
+  tests/misc/comm.pl				\
+  tests/misc/csplit.sh				\
+  tests/misc/csplit-1000.sh			\
+  tests/misc/csplit-heap.sh			\
+  tests/misc/csplit-io-err.sh			\
+  tests/misc/csplit-suppress-matched.pl		\
+  tests/misc/date-debug.sh			\
+  tests/misc/date-sec.sh			\
+  tests/misc/date-tz.sh				\
+  tests/misc/dircolors.pl			\
+  tests/misc/dirname.pl				\
+  tests/misc/env-null.sh			\
+  tests/misc/env-S.pl				\
+  tests/misc/env-S-script.sh			\
+  tests/misc/expand.pl				\
+  tests/misc/expr.pl				\
+  tests/misc/expr-multibyte.pl			\
+  tests/misc/factor.pl				\
+  tests/misc/factor-parallel.sh			\
+  tests/misc/false-status.sh			\
+  tests/misc/fold.pl				\
+  tests/misc/groups-dash.sh			\
+  tests/misc/groups-process-all.sh		\
+  tests/misc/groups-version.sh			\
+  tests/misc/head-c.sh				\
+  tests/misc/head-pos.sh			\
+  tests/misc/head-write-error.sh		\
+  tests/misc/kill.sh				\
+  tests/misc/b2sum.sh				\
+  tests/misc/md5sum.pl				\
+  tests/misc/md5sum-bsd.sh			\
+  tests/misc/md5sum-newline.pl			\
+  tests/misc/md5sum-parallel.sh			\
+  tests/misc/mknod.sh				\
+  tests/misc/nice.sh				\
+  tests/misc/nice-fail.sh			\
+  tests/misc/nl.sh				\
+  tests/misc/nohup.sh				\
+  tests/misc/nproc-avail.sh			\
+  tests/misc/nproc-positive.sh			\
+  tests/misc/nproc-override.sh			\
+  tests/misc/numfmt.pl				\
+  tests/misc/od-N.sh				\
+  tests/misc/od-j.sh				\
+  tests/misc/od-multiple-t.sh			\
+  tests/misc/od-x8.sh				\
+  tests/misc/paste.pl				\
+  tests/misc/pathchk1.sh			\
+  tests/misc/printenv.sh			\
+  tests/misc/printf.sh				\
+  tests/misc/printf-cov.pl			\
+  tests/misc/printf-hex.sh			\
+  tests/misc/printf-mb.sh			\
+  tests/misc/printf-surprise.sh			\
+  tests/misc/printf-quote.sh			\
+  tests/misc/pwd-long.sh			\
+  tests/misc/readlink-fp-loop.sh		\
+  tests/misc/readlink-root.sh			\
+  tests/misc/realpath.sh			\
+  tests/misc/runcon-no-reorder.sh		\
+  tests/misc/sha1sum.pl				\
+  tests/misc/sha1sum-vec.pl			\
+  tests/misc/sha224sum.pl			\
+  tests/misc/sha256sum.pl			\
+  tests/misc/sha384sum.pl			\
+  tests/misc/sha512sum.pl			\
+  tests/misc/shred-exact.sh			\
+  tests/misc/shred-passes.sh			\
+  tests/misc/shred-remove.sh			\
+  tests/misc/shred-size.sh			\
+  tests/misc/shuf.sh				\
+  tests/misc/shuf-reservoir.sh			\
+  tests/misc/sleep.sh				\
+  tests/misc/sm3sum.pl				\
+  tests/misc/sort.pl				\
+  tests/misc/sort-benchmark-random.sh		\
+  tests/misc/sort-compress.sh			\
+  tests/misc/sort-compress-hang.sh		\
+  tests/misc/sort-compress-proc.sh		\
+  tests/misc/sort-continue.sh			\
+  tests/misc/sort-debug-keys.sh			\
+  tests/misc/sort-debug-warn.sh			\
+  tests/misc/sort-discrim.sh			\
+  tests/misc/sort-files0-from.pl		\
+  tests/misc/sort-float.sh			\
+  tests/misc/sort-h-thousands-sep.sh		\
+  tests/misc/sort-merge.pl			\
+  tests/misc/sort-merge-fdlimit.sh		\
+  tests/misc/sort-month.sh			\
+  tests/misc/sort-exit-early.sh			\
+  tests/misc/sort-rand.sh			\
+  tests/misc/sort-spinlock-abuse.sh		\
+  tests/misc/sort-stale-thread-mem.sh		\
+  tests/misc/sort-unique.sh			\
+  tests/misc/sort-unique-segv.sh		\
+  tests/misc/sort-version.sh			\
+  tests/misc/sort-NaN-infloop.sh		\
+  tests/misc/sort-u-FMR.sh			\
+  tests/split/filter.sh				\
+  tests/split/suffix-auto-length.sh		\
+  tests/split/suffix-length.sh			\
+  tests/split/additional-suffix.sh		\
+  tests/split/b-chunk.sh			\
+  tests/split/fail.sh				\
+  tests/split/lines.sh				\
+  tests/split/line-bytes.sh			\
+  tests/split/l-chunk.sh			\
+  tests/split/r-chunk.sh			\
+  tests/split/record-sep.sh			\
+  tests/split/numeric.sh			\
+  tests/split/guard-input.sh			\
+  tests/misc/stat-birthtime.sh			\
+  tests/misc/stat-fmt.sh			\
+  tests/misc/stat-hyphen.sh			\
+  tests/misc/stat-mount.sh			\
+  tests/misc/stat-nanoseconds.sh		\
+  tests/misc/stat-printf.pl			\
+  tests/misc/stat-slash.sh			\
+  tests/misc/stdbuf.sh				\
+  tests/misc/stty.sh				\
+  tests/misc/stty-invalid.sh			\
+  tests/misc/stty-pairs.sh			\
+  tests/misc/stty-row-col.sh			\
+  tests/misc/sum.pl				\
+  tests/misc/sum-sysv.sh			\
+  tests/misc/sync.sh				\
+  tests/misc/tac.pl				\
+  tests/misc/tac-continue.sh			\
+  tests/misc/tac-2-nonseekable.sh		\
+  tests/misc/tail.pl				\
+  tests/misc/tee.sh				\
+  tests/misc/test-N.sh				\
+  tests/misc/test-diag.pl			\
+  tests/misc/time-style.sh			\
+  tests/misc/timeout.sh				\
+  tests/misc/timeout-blocked.pl			\
+  tests/misc/timeout-group.sh			\
+  tests/misc/timeout-large-parameters.sh	\
+  tests/misc/timeout-parameters.sh		\
+  tests/misc/tr.pl				\
+  tests/misc/tr-case-class.sh			\
+  tests/misc/truncate-dangling-symlink.sh	\
+  tests/misc/truncate-dir-fail.sh		\
+  tests/misc/truncate-fail-diag.sh		\
+  tests/misc/truncate-fifo.sh			\
+  tests/misc/truncate-no-create-missing.sh	\
+  tests/misc/truncate-overflow.sh		\
+  tests/misc/truncate-parameters.sh		\
+  tests/misc/truncate-relative.sh		\
+  tests/misc/tsort.pl				\
+  tests/misc/tty.sh				\
+  tests/misc/usage_vs_getopt.sh			\
+  tests/misc/unexpand.pl			\
+  tests/misc/uniq.pl				\
+  tests/misc/uniq-perf.sh			\
+  tests/misc/uniq-collate.sh			\
+  tests/misc/xattr.sh				\
+  tests/misc/yes.sh				\
+  tests/tail-2/wait.sh				\
+  tests/tail-2/retry.sh				\
+  tests/tail-2/symlink.sh			\
+  tests/tail-2/tail-c.sh			\
+  tests/tail-2/truncate.sh			\
+  tests/chmod/c-option.sh			\
+  tests/chmod/equal-x.sh			\
+  tests/chmod/equals.sh				\
+  tests/chmod/ignore-symlink.sh			\
+  tests/chmod/inaccessible.sh			\
+  tests/chmod/octal.sh				\
+  tests/chmod/setgid.sh				\
+  tests/chmod/silent.sh				\
+  tests/chmod/thru-dangling.sh			\
+  tests/chmod/umask-x.sh			\
+  tests/chmod/usage.sh				\
+  tests/chown/deref.sh				\
+  tests/chown/preserve-root.sh			\
+  tests/chown/separator.sh			\
+  tests/cp/abuse.sh				\
+  tests/cp/acl.sh				\
+  tests/cp/attr-existing.sh			\
+  tests/cp/backup-1.sh				\
+  tests/cp/backup-dir.sh			\
+  tests/cp/backup-is-src.sh			\
+  tests/cp/cp-HL.sh				\
+  tests/cp/cp-deref.sh				\
+  tests/cp/cp-i.sh				\
+  tests/cp/cp-mv-backup.sh			\
+  tests/cp/cp-parents.sh			\
+  tests/cp/deref-slink.sh			\
+  tests/cp/dir-rm-dest.sh			\
+  tests/cp/dir-slash.sh				\
+  tests/cp/dir-vs-file.sh			\
+  tests/cp/existing-perm-dir.sh			\
+  tests/cp/existing-perm-race.sh		\
+  tests/cp/fail-perm.sh				\
+  tests/cp/sparse-extents.sh			\
+  tests/cp/copy-FMR.sh				\
+  tests/cp/sparse-perf.sh			\
+  tests/cp/sparse-2.sh				\
+  tests/cp/file-perm-race.sh			\
+  tests/cp/into-self.sh				\
+  tests/cp/link.sh				\
+  tests/cp/link-deref.sh			\
+  tests/cp/link-no-deref.sh			\
+  tests/cp/link-preserve.sh			\
+  tests/cp/link-symlink.sh			\
+  tests/cp/nfs-removal-race.sh			\
+  tests/cp/no-deref-link1.sh			\
+  tests/cp/no-deref-link2.sh			\
+  tests/cp/no-deref-link3.sh			\
+  tests/cp/parent-perm.sh			\
+  tests/cp/parent-perm-race.sh			\
+  tests/cp/perm.sh				\
+  tests/cp/preserve-2.sh			\
+  tests/cp/preserve-link.sh			\
+  tests/cp/preserve-mode.sh			\
+  tests/cp/preserve-slink-time.sh		\
+  tests/cp/proc-short-read.sh			\
+  tests/cp/proc-zero-len.sh			\
+  tests/cp/r-vs-symlink.sh			\
+  tests/cp/reflink-auto.sh			\
+  tests/cp/reflink-perm.sh			\
+  tests/cp/same-file.sh				\
+  tests/cp/slink-2-slink.sh			\
+  tests/cp/sparse.sh				\
+  tests/cp/sparse-to-pipe.sh			\
+  tests/cp/special-f.sh				\
+  tests/cp/src-base-dot.sh			\
+  tests/cp/symlink-slash.sh			\
+  tests/cp/thru-dangling.sh			\
+  tests/df/header.sh				\
+  tests/df/df-P.sh				\
+  tests/df/df-output.sh				\
+  tests/df/df-symlink.sh			\
+  tests/df/unreadable.sh			\
+  tests/df/total-unprocessed.sh			\
+  tests/df/no-mtab-status.sh			\
+  tests/df/skip-duplicates.sh			\
+  tests/df/skip-rootfs.sh			\
+  tests/dd/ascii.sh				\
+  tests/dd/direct.sh				\
+  tests/dd/misc.sh				\
+  tests/dd/no-allocate.sh			\
+  tests/dd/nocache.sh				\
+  tests/dd/nocache_eof.sh			\
+  tests/dd/not-rewound.sh			\
+  tests/dd/reblock.sh				\
+  tests/dd/skip-seek.pl				\
+  tests/dd/skip-seek2.sh			\
+  tests/dd/bytes.sh				\
+  tests/dd/skip-seek-past-file.sh		\
+  tests/dd/sparse.sh				\
+  tests/dd/stderr.sh				\
+  tests/dd/unblock.pl				\
+  tests/dd/unblock-sync.sh			\
+  tests/dd/stats.sh				\
+  tests/df/total-verify.sh			\
+  tests/du/2g.sh				\
+  tests/du/8gb.sh				\
+  tests/du/basic.sh				\
+  tests/du/bigtime.sh				\
+  tests/du/deref.sh				\
+  tests/du/deref-args.sh			\
+  tests/du/exclude.sh				\
+  tests/du/fd-leak.sh				\
+  tests/du/files0-from.pl			\
+  tests/du/files0-from-dir.sh			\
+  tests/du/hard-link.sh				\
+  tests/du/inacc-dest.sh			\
+  tests/du/inacc-dir.sh				\
+  tests/du/inaccessible-cwd.sh			\
+  tests/du/inodes.sh				\
+  tests/du/long-from-unreadable.sh		\
+  tests/du/long-sloop.sh			\
+  tests/du/max-depth.sh				\
+  tests/du/move-dir-while-traversing.sh		\
+  tests/du/no-deref.sh				\
+  tests/du/no-x.sh				\
+  tests/du/one-file-system.sh			\
+  tests/du/restore-wd.sh			\
+  tests/du/slash.sh				\
+  tests/du/threshold.sh				\
+  tests/du/trailing-slash.sh			\
+  tests/du/two-args.sh				\
+  tests/id/gnu-zero-uids.sh			\
+  tests/id/no-context.sh			\
+  tests/id/context.sh				\
+  tests/id/uid.sh				\
+  tests/id/zero.sh				\
+  tests/id/smack.sh				\
+  tests/install/basic-1.sh			\
+  tests/install/create-leading.sh		\
+  tests/install/d-slashdot.sh			\
+  tests/install/install-C.sh			\
+  tests/install/install-C-selinux.sh		\
+  tests/install/install-Z-selinux.sh		\
+  tests/install/strip-program.sh		\
+  tests/install/trap.sh				\
+  tests/ln/backup-1.sh				\
+  tests/ln/hard-backup.sh			\
+  tests/ln/hard-to-sym.sh			\
+  tests/ln/misc.sh				\
+  tests/ln/relative.sh				\
+  tests/ln/sf-1.sh				\
+  tests/ln/slash-decorated-nonexistent-dest.sh	\
+  tests/ln/target-1.sh				\
+  tests/ls/a-option.sh				\
+  tests/ls/abmon-align.sh			\
+  tests/ls/birthtime.sh				\
+  tests/ls/block-size.sh			\
+  tests/ls/classify.sh				\
+  tests/ls/color-clear-to-eol.sh		\
+  tests/ls/color-dtype-dir.sh			\
+  tests/ls/color-norm.sh			\
+  tests/ls/color-term.sh			\
+  tests/ls/color-ext.sh				\
+  tests/ls/dangle.sh				\
+  tests/ls/dired.sh				\
+  tests/ls/file-type.sh				\
+  tests/ls/follow-slink.sh			\
+  tests/ls/getxattr-speedup.sh			\
+  tests/ls/group-dirs.sh			\
+  tests/ls/hex-option.sh			\
+  tests/ls/hyperlink.sh				\
+  tests/ls/infloop.sh				\
+  tests/ls/inode.sh				\
+  tests/ls/m-option.sh				\
+  tests/ls/w-option.sh				\
+  tests/ls/multihardlink.sh			\
+  tests/ls/no-arg.sh				\
+  tests/ls/no-cap.sh				\
+  tests/ls/selinux-segfault.sh			\
+  tests/ls/quote-align.sh			\
+  tests/ls/readdir-mountpoint-inode.sh		\
+  tests/ls/recursive.sh				\
+  tests/ls/removed-directory.sh			\
+  tests/ls/root-rel-symlink-color.sh		\
+  tests/ls/rt-1.sh				\
+  tests/ls/slink-acl.sh				\
+  tests/ls/stat-dtype.sh			\
+  tests/ls/stat-failed.sh			\
+  tests/ls/stat-free-color.sh			\
+  tests/ls/stat-free-symlinks.sh		\
+  tests/ls/stat-vs-dirent.sh			\
+  tests/ls/symlink-quote.sh			\
+  tests/ls/symlink-slash.sh			\
+  tests/ls/time-style-diag.sh			\
+  tests/ls/sort-width-option.sh			\
+  tests/ls/x-option.sh				\
+  tests/ls/zero-option.sh			\
+  tests/mkdir/p-1.sh				\
+  tests/mkdir/p-2.sh				\
+  tests/mkdir/p-3.sh				\
+  tests/mkdir/p-acl.sh				\
+  tests/mkdir/p-slashdot.sh			\
+  tests/mkdir/p-thru-slink.sh			\
+  tests/mkdir/p-v.sh				\
+  tests/mkdir/parents.sh			\
+  tests/mkdir/perm.sh				\
+  tests/mkdir/selinux.sh			\
+  tests/mkdir/restorecon.sh			\
+  tests/mkdir/special-1.sh			\
+  tests/mkdir/t-slash.sh			\
+  tests/mkdir/smack-no-root.sh			\
+  tests/mv/acl.sh				\
+  tests/mv/atomic.sh				\
+  tests/mv/atomic2.sh				\
+  tests/mv/backup-dir.sh			\
+  tests/mv/backup-is-src.sh			\
+  tests/mv/childproof.sh			\
+  tests/mv/diag.sh				\
+  tests/mv/dir-file.sh				\
+  tests/mv/dir2dir.sh				\
+  tests/mv/dup-source.sh			\
+  tests/mv/force.sh				\
+  tests/mv/hard-2.sh				\
+  tests/mv/hard-3.sh				\
+  tests/mv/hard-4.sh				\
+  tests/mv/hard-link-1.sh			\
+  tests/mv/i-1.pl				\
+  tests/mv/i-2.sh				\
+  tests/mv/i-3.sh				\
+  tests/mv/i-4.sh				\
+  tests/mv/i-5.sh				\
+  tests/mv/i-link-no.sh				\
+  tests/mv/into-self.sh				\
+  tests/mv/into-self-2.sh			\
+  tests/mv/into-self-3.sh			\
+  tests/mv/into-self-4.sh			\
+  tests/mv/leak-fd.sh				\
+  tests/mv/mv-n.sh				\
+  tests/mv/mv-special-1.sh			\
+  tests/mv/no-target-dir.sh			\
+  tests/mv/part-fail.sh				\
+  tests/mv/part-hardlink.sh			\
+  tests/mv/part-rename.sh			\
+  tests/mv/part-symlink.sh			\
+  tests/mv/partition-perm.sh			\
+  tests/mv/perm-1.sh				\
+  tests/mv/symlink-onto-hardlink.sh		\
+  tests/mv/symlink-onto-hardlink-to-self.sh	\
+  tests/mv/to-symlink.sh			\
+  tests/mv/trailing-slash.sh			\
+  tests/mv/update.sh				\
+  tests/readlink/can-e.sh			\
+  tests/readlink/can-f.sh			\
+  tests/readlink/can-m.sh			\
+  tests/readlink/multi.sh			\
+  tests/readlink/rl-1.sh			\
+  tests/rmdir/fail-perm.sh			\
+  tests/rmdir/ignore.sh				\
+  tests/rmdir/symlink-errors.sh			\
+  tests/rmdir/t-slash.sh			\
+  tests/tail-2/assert-2.sh			\
+  tests/tail-2/big-4gb.sh			\
+  tests/tail-2/flush-initial.sh			\
+  tests/tail-2/follow-name.sh			\
+  tests/tail-2/follow-stdin.sh			\
+  tests/tail-2/pipe-f.sh			\
+  tests/tail-2/pipe-f2.sh			\
+  tests/tail-2/proc-ksyms.sh			\
+  tests/tail-2/start-middle.sh			\
+  tests/touch/60-seconds.sh			\
+  tests/touch/dangling-symlink.sh		\
+  tests/touch/dir-1.sh				\
+  tests/touch/fail-diag.sh			\
+  tests/touch/fifo.sh				\
+  tests/touch/no-create-missing.sh		\
+  tests/touch/no-dereference.sh			\
+  tests/touch/no-rights.sh			\
+  tests/touch/not-owner.sh			\
+  tests/touch/obsolescent.sh			\
+  tests/touch/read-only.sh			\
+  tests/touch/relative.sh			\
+  tests/touch/trailing-slash.sh			\
+  $(all_root_tests)
+
+# See tests/factor/create-test.sh.
+tf = tests/factor
+factor_tests = \
+  $(tf)/t00.sh $(tf)/t01.sh $(tf)/t02.sh $(tf)/t03.sh $(tf)/t04.sh \
+  $(tf)/t05.sh $(tf)/t06.sh $(tf)/t07.sh $(tf)/t08.sh $(tf)/t09.sh \
+  $(tf)/t10.sh $(tf)/t11.sh $(tf)/t12.sh $(tf)/t13.sh $(tf)/t14.sh \
+  $(tf)/t15.sh $(tf)/t16.sh $(tf)/t17.sh $(tf)/t18.sh $(tf)/t19.sh \
+  $(tf)/t20.sh $(tf)/t21.sh $(tf)/t22.sh $(tf)/t23.sh $(tf)/t24.sh \
+  $(tf)/t25.sh $(tf)/t26.sh $(tf)/t27.sh $(tf)/t28.sh $(tf)/t29.sh \
+  $(tf)/t30.sh $(tf)/t31.sh $(tf)/t32.sh $(tf)/t33.sh $(tf)/t34.sh \
+  $(tf)/t35.sh $(tf)/t36.sh
+
+$(factor_tests): $(tf)/run.sh $(tf)/create-test.sh
+	$(AM_V_GEN)$(MKDIR_P) $(tf)
+	$(AM_V_at)$(SHELL) $(srcdir)/$(tf)/create-test.sh $@ \
+	  $(srcdir)/$(tf)/run.sh > $@-t
+	$(AM_V_at)chmod a+x $@-t
+	$(AM_V_at)mv -f $@-t $@
+
+CLEANFILES += $(factor_tests)
+
+pr_data =					\
+  tests/pr/0F					\
+  tests/pr/0FF					\
+  tests/pr/0FFnt				\
+  tests/pr/0FFt					\
+  tests/pr/0FnFnt				\
+  tests/pr/0FnFt				\
+  tests/pr/0Fnt					\
+  tests/pr/0Ft					\
+  tests/pr/2-S_f-t_notab			\
+  tests/pr/2-Sf-t_notab				\
+  tests/pr/2f-t_notab				\
+  tests/pr/2s_f-t_notab				\
+  tests/pr/2s_w60f-t_nota			\
+  tests/pr/2sf-t_notab				\
+  tests/pr/2sw60f-t_notab			\
+  tests/pr/2w60f-t_notab			\
+  tests/pr/3-0F					\
+  tests/pr/3-5l24f-t				\
+  tests/pr/3-FF					\
+  tests/pr/3a2l17-FF				\
+  tests/pr/3a3f-0F				\
+  tests/pr/3a3l15-t				\
+  tests/pr/3a3l15f-t				\
+  tests/pr/3b2l17-FF				\
+  tests/pr/3b3f-0F				\
+  tests/pr/3b3f-0FF				\
+  tests/pr/3b3f-FF				\
+  tests/pr/3b3l15-t				\
+  tests/pr/3b3l15f-t				\
+  tests/pr/3f-0F				\
+  tests/pr/3f-FF				\
+  tests/pr/3l24-t				\
+  tests/pr/3l24f-t				\
+  tests/pr/3ml24-FF				\
+  tests/pr/3ml24-t				\
+  tests/pr/3ml24-t-FF				\
+  tests/pr/3ml24f-t				\
+  tests/pr/4-7l24-FF				\
+  tests/pr/4l24-FF				\
+  tests/pr/FF					\
+  tests/pr/FFn					\
+  tests/pr/FFtn					\
+  tests/pr/FnFn					\
+  tests/pr/Ja3l24f-lm				\
+  tests/pr/Jb3l24f-lm				\
+  tests/pr/Jml24f-lm-lo				\
+  tests/pr/W-72l24f-ll				\
+  tests/pr/W20l24f-ll				\
+  tests/pr/W26l24f-ll				\
+  tests/pr/W27l24f-ll				\
+  tests/pr/W28l24f-ll				\
+  tests/pr/W35Ja3l24f-lm			\
+  tests/pr/W35Jb3l24f-lm			\
+  tests/pr/W35Jml24f-lmlo			\
+  tests/pr/W35a3l24f-lm				\
+  tests/pr/W35b3l24f-lm				\
+  tests/pr/W35ml24f-lm-lo			\
+  tests/pr/W72Jl24f-ll				\
+  tests/pr/a2l15-FF				\
+  tests/pr/a2l17-FF				\
+  tests/pr/a3-0F				\
+  tests/pr/a3f-0F				\
+  tests/pr/a3f-0FF				\
+  tests/pr/a3f-FF				\
+  tests/pr/a3l15-t				\
+  tests/pr/a3l15f-t				\
+  tests/pr/a3l24f-lm				\
+  tests/pr/b2l15-FF				\
+  tests/pr/b2l17-FF				\
+  tests/pr/b3-0F				\
+  tests/pr/b3f-0F				\
+  tests/pr/b3f-0FF				\
+  tests/pr/b3f-FF				\
+  tests/pr/b3l15-t				\
+  tests/pr/b3l15f-t				\
+  tests/pr/b3l24f-lm				\
+  tests/pr/l24-FF				\
+  tests/pr/l24-t				\
+  tests/pr/l24f-t				\
+  tests/pr/loli					\
+  tests/pr/ml20-FF-t				\
+  tests/pr/ml24-FF				\
+  tests/pr/ml24-t				\
+  tests/pr/ml24-t-FF				\
+  tests/pr/ml24f-0F				\
+  tests/pr/ml24f-lm-lo				\
+  tests/pr/ml24f-t				\
+  tests/pr/ml24f-t-0F				\
+  tests/pr/n+2-5l24f-0FF			\
+  tests/pr/n+2l24f-0FF				\
+  tests/pr/n+2l24f-bl				\
+  tests/pr/n+3-7l24-FF				\
+  tests/pr/n+3l24f-0FF				\
+  tests/pr/n+3l24f-bl				\
+  tests/pr/n+3ml20f-bl-FF			\
+  tests/pr/n+3ml24f-bl-tn			\
+  tests/pr/n+3ml24f-tn-bl			\
+  tests/pr/n+4-8a2l17-FF			\
+  tests/pr/n+4b2l17f-0FF			\
+  tests/pr/n+5-8b3l17f-FF			\
+  tests/pr/n+5a3l13f-0FF			\
+  tests/pr/n+6a2l17-FF				\
+  tests/pr/n+6b3l13f-FF				\
+  tests/pr/n+7l24-FF				\
+  tests/pr/n+8l20-FF				\
+  tests/pr/nJml24f-lmlmlo			\
+  tests/pr/nJml24f-lmlolm			\
+  tests/pr/nN1+3l24f-bl				\
+  tests/pr/nN15l24f-bl				\
+  tests/pr/nSml20-bl-FF				\
+  tests/pr/nSml20-t-t-FF			\
+  tests/pr/nSml20-t-tFFFF			\
+  tests/pr/nSml24-bl-FF				\
+  tests/pr/nSml24-t-t-FF			\
+  tests/pr/nSml24-t-tFFFF			\
+  tests/pr/nl24f-bl				\
+  tests/pr/o3Jml24f-lm-lo			\
+  tests/pr/o3a3Sl24f-tn				\
+  tests/pr/o3a3Snl24f-tn			\
+  tests/pr/o3a3l24f-tn				\
+  tests/pr/o3b3Sl24f-tn				\
+  tests/pr/o3b3Snl24f-tn			\
+  tests/pr/o3b3l24f-tn				\
+  tests/pr/o3mSl24f-bl-tn			\
+  tests/pr/o3mSnl24fbltn			\
+  tests/pr/o3ml24f-bl-tn			\
+  tests/pr/t-0FF				\
+  tests/pr/t-FF					\
+  tests/pr/t-bl					\
+  tests/pr/t-t					\
+  tests/pr/tFFn					\
+  tests/pr/tFFt					\
+  tests/pr/tFFt-bl				\
+  tests/pr/tFFt-ll				\
+  tests/pr/tFFt-lm				\
+  tests/pr/tFnFt				\
+  tests/pr/t_notab				\
+  tests/pr/t_tab				\
+  tests/pr/t_tab_				\
+  tests/pr/ta3-0FF				\
+  tests/pr/ta3-FF				\
+  tests/pr/tb3-0FF				\
+  tests/pr/tb3-FF				\
+  tests/pr/tn					\
+  tests/pr/tn2e5o3-t_tab			\
+  tests/pr/tn2e8-t_tab				\
+  tests/pr/tn2e8o3-t_tab			\
+  tests/pr/tn_2e8-t_tab				\
+  tests/pr/tn_2e8S-t_tab			\
+  tests/pr/tne8-t_tab				\
+  tests/pr/tne8o3-t_tab				\
+  tests/pr/tt-0FF				\
+  tests/pr/tt-FF				\
+  tests/pr/tt-bl				\
+  tests/pr/tt-t					\
+  tests/pr/tta3-0FF				\
+  tests/pr/tta3-FF				\
+  tests/pr/ttb3-0FF				\
+  tests/pr/ttb3-FF				\
+  tests/pr/w72l24f-ll
+
+$(TEST_LOGS): $(PROGRAMS)
diff --git a/tests/ls/a-option.sh b/tests/ls/a-option.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0c85e0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/a-option.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# exercise the -a option
+
+# Copyright 2018-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+mkdir d || framework_failure_
+
+ls -aA d >out || framework_failure_
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/abmon-align.sh b/tests/ls/abmon-align.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0ad5f3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/abmon-align.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure ls output is aligned when using abbreviated months from the locale
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+mid_month="$(date +%Y-%m-15)" || framework_failure_
+for mon in $(seq -w 12); do
+    touch -d"$mid_month +$mon month" $mon.ts || framework_failure_
+done
+
+
+# Note some of the following locales may be missing but if so
+# we should fail back to the C locale which should be aligned
+
+for format in "%b" "[%b" "%b]" "[%b]"; do
+  for LOC in C gv_GB ga_IE fi_FI.utf8 zh_CN ar_SY $LOCALE_FR_UTF8; do
+    # The sed usage here is slightly different from the original,
+    # removing the \(.*\), to avoid triggering misbehavior in at least
+    # GNU sed 4.2 (possibly miscompiled) on Mac OS X (Darwin 9.8.0).
+    months="$(
+      LC_ALL=$LOC TIME_STYLE=+"$format" ls -lgG *.ts |
+      LC_ALL=C sed 's/.\{15\}//;s/ ..\.ts$//;s/ /./g')"
+    n_widths=$(echo "$months" |
+      while read mon; do echo "$mon" | LC_ALL=$LOC wc -L; done |
+      uniq | wc -l
+    )
+    n_dupes=$(echo "$months" | sort | uniq -d | wc -l)
+    test "$n_widths" = "1" || { fail=1; break 2; }
+    test "$n_dupes" = "0" || { fail=1; break 2; }
+  done
+done
+if test "$fail" = "1"; then
+   echo "misalignment or ambiguous output in $LOC locale:"
+   LC_ALL=$LOC TIME_STYLE=+%b ls -lgG *.ts
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/birthtime.sh b/tests/ls/birthtime.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ddb5653
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/birthtime.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that ls attempts birthtime access
+
+# Copyright (C) 2020-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+# ls should not fail, even if birth time not available
+touch a || framework_failure_
+ls --time=birth -l a || fail=1
+ls --time=creation -t a || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/block-size.sh b/tests/ls/block-size.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7485e5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/block-size.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise ls --block-size and related options.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+TZ=UTC0
+export TZ
+
+mkdir sub
+cd sub
+
+for size in 1024 4096 262144; do
+  echo foo | dd conv=sync bs=$size >file$size || fail=1
+done
+touch -d '2001-01-01 00:00' file* || fail=1
+
+size_etc='s/[^ ]* *[^ ]* *//'
+
+ls -og * | sed "$size_etc" >../out || fail=1
+POSIXLY_CORRECT=1 ls -og * | sed "$size_etc" >>../out || fail=1
+POSIXLY_CORRECT=1 ls -k -og * | sed "$size_etc" >>../out || fail=1
+
+for var in BLOCKSIZE BLOCK_SIZE LS_BLOCK_SIZE; do
+  for blocksize in 1 512 1K 1KiB; do
+    (eval $var=$blocksize && export $var &&
+     echo "x x # $var=$blocksize" &&
+     ls -og * &&
+     ls -og -k * &&
+     ls -og -k --block-size=$blocksize *
+    ) | sed "$size_etc" >>../out || fail=1
+  done
+done
+
+cd ..
+
+cat >exp <<'EOF'
+1024 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+262144 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4096 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1024 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+262144 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4096 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1024 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+262144 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4096 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+# BLOCKSIZE=1
+1024 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+262144 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4096 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1024 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+262144 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4096 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1024 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+262144 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4096 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+# BLOCKSIZE=512
+1024 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+262144 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4096 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1024 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+262144 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4096 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+2 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+512 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+8 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+# BLOCKSIZE=1K
+1024 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+262144 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4096 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1024 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+262144 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4096 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+256 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+# BLOCKSIZE=1KiB
+1024 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+262144 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4096 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1024 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+262144 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4096 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+256 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+# BLOCK_SIZE=1
+1024 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+262144 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4096 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1024 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+262144 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4096 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1024 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+262144 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4096 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+# BLOCK_SIZE=512
+2 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+512 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+8 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+2 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+512 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+8 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+2 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+512 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+8 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+# BLOCK_SIZE=1K
+1 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+256 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+256 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+256 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+# BLOCK_SIZE=1KiB
+1 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+256 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+256 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+256 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+# LS_BLOCK_SIZE=1
+1024 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+262144 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4096 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1024 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+262144 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4096 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1024 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+262144 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4096 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+# LS_BLOCK_SIZE=512
+2 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+512 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+8 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+2 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+512 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+8 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+2 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+512 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+8 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+# LS_BLOCK_SIZE=1K
+1 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+256 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+256 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+256 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+# LS_BLOCK_SIZE=1KiB
+1 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+256 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+256 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+1 Jan  1  2001 file1024
+256 Jan  1  2001 file262144
+4 Jan  1  2001 file4096
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/capability.sh b/tests/ls/capability.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8e2fc78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/capability.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure "ls --color" properly colors name of file with capability.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls printf
+require_root_
+
+grep '^#define HAVE_CAP 1' $CONFIG_HEADER > /dev/null \
+  || skip_ "configured without libcap support"
+
+(setcap --help) 2>&1 |grep 'usage: setcap' > /dev/null \
+  || skip_ "setcap utility not found"
+
+# Don't let a different umask perturb the results.
+umask 22
+
+# We create 2 files of the same name as
+# before coreutils 8.1 only the name rather than
+# the full path was used to read the capabilities
+# thus giving false positives and negatives.
+mkdir test test/dir
+cd test
+touch cap_pos dir/cap_pos dir/cap_neg
+for file in cap_pos dir/cap_neg; do
+  setcap 'cap_net_bind_service=ep' $file ||
+    skip_ "setcap doesn't work"
+done
+
+code='30;41'
+# Note we explicitly disable "executable" coloring
+# so that capability coloring is not dependent on it,
+# as was the case before coreutils 8.1
+for ex in '' ex=:; do
+  LS_COLORS="di=:${ex}ca=$code" \
+    ls --color=always cap_pos dir > out || fail=1
+
+  env printf "\
+\e[0m\e[${code}mcap_pos\e[0m
+
+dir:
+\e[${code}mcap_neg\e[0m
+cap_pos
+" > out_ok || framework_failure_
+
+  compare out out_ok || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/classify.sh b/tests/ls/classify.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e1c73e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/classify.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test --classify processing
+
+# Copyright (C) 2020-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+mkdir testdir || framework_failure_
+cd testdir || framework_failure_
+mkdir dir || framework_failure_
+touch regular executable || framework_failure_
+chmod a+x executable || framework_failure_
+ln -s regular slink-reg || framework_failure_
+ln -s dir slink-dir || framework_failure_
+ln -s nowhere slink-dangle || framework_failure_
+mknod block b 20 20 2> /dev/null && block="block
+"
+mknod char c 10 10 2> /dev/null && char="char
+"
+mkfifo_or_skip_ fifo
+cd ..
+
+cat <<EOF > exp
+$block${char}dir/
+executable*
+fifo|
+regular
+slink-dangle@
+slink-dir@
+slink-reg@
+EOF
+sed 's/[*/@|]//' exp > exp2 || framework_failure_
+
+ls --classify testdir > out || fail=1
+ls --classify=always testdir > out2 || fail=1
+ls --classify=auto testdir > out3 || fail=1
+ls --classify=never testdir > out4 || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+compare exp2 out3 || fail=1
+
+compare exp2 out4 || fail=1
+
+returns_ 1 ls --classify=invalid || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/color-clear-to-eol.sh b/tests/ls/color-clear-to-eol.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d8d502e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/color-clear-to-eol.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that ls --color works well when a colored name is wrapped
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+long_name=zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz.foo
+touch $long_name || framework_failure_
+
+e='\33'
+color_code='0;31;42'
+c_pre="$e[0m$e[${color_code}m"
+c_post="$e[0m$e[K\n"
+printf "$c_pre$long_name$c_post\n" > exp || framework_failure_
+
+env TERM=xterm COLUMNS=80 LS_COLORS="*.foo=$color_code" TIME_STYLE=+T \
+  ls -og --color=always $long_name > out || fail=1
+
+# Append a newline, to accommodate less-capable versions of sed.
+echo >> out || framework_failure_
+
+sed 's/.*T //' out > k && mv k out
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/color-dtype-dir.sh b/tests/ls/color-dtype-dir.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..857faef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/color-dtype-dir.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure "ls --color" properly colors other-writable and sticky directories.
+# Before coreutils-6.2, this test would fail, coloring all three
+# directories the same as the first one -- but only on a file system
+# with dirent.d_type support.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+# Don't let a different umask perturb the results.
+umask 22
+
+mkdir d other-writable sticky || framework_failure_
+chmod o+w other-writable || framework_failure_
+chmod o+t sticky || framework_failure_
+
+
+TERM=xterm ls --color=always > out || fail=1
+cat -A out > o1 || framework_failure_
+mv o1 out || framework_failure_
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+^[[0m^[[01;34md^[[0m$
+^[[34;42mother-writable^[[0m$
+out$
+^[[37;44msticky^[[0m$
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+rm exp || framework_failure_
+
+# Turn off colors for other-writable dirs and ensure
+# we fall back to the color for standard directories.
+
+LS_COLORS="ow=:" ls --color=always > out || fail=1
+cat -A out > o1 || fail=1
+mv o1 out || fail=1
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+^[[0m^[[01;34md^[[0m$
+^[[01;34mother-writable^[[0m$
+out$
+^[[37;44msticky^[[0m$
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/color-ext.sh b/tests/ls/color-ext.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c9d3c0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/color-ext.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure "ls --color" properly colors file name extensions.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2018-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+working_umask_or_skip_
+
+touch img1.jpg IMG2.JPG file1.z file2.Z || framework_failure_
+code_jpg='01;35'
+code_z='01;31'
+c0=$(printf '\033[0m')
+c_jpg=$(printf '\033[%sm' $code_jpg)
+c_z=$(printf '\033[%sm' $code_z)
+
+LS_COLORS="*.jpg=$code_jpg:*.Z=$code_z" ls -U1 --color=always \
+  img1.jpg IMG2.JPG file1.z file2.Z > out || fail=1
+printf "$c0\
+${c_jpg}img1.jpg$c0
+${c_jpg}IMG2.JPG$c0
+${c_z}file1.z$c0
+${c_z}file2.Z$c0
+" > out_ok || framework_failure_
+compare out out_ok || fail=1
+
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/color-norm.sh b/tests/ls/color-norm.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6c9c3f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/color-norm.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure "ls --color" properly colors "normal" text and files.
+# I.e., that it uses NORMAL to style non file name output and
+# file names with no associated color (unless FILE is also set).
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+# Don't let a different umask perturb the results.
+umask 22
+
+# Output time as something constant
+export TIME_STYLE="+norm"
+
+# helper to strip ls columns up to "norm" time
+qls() { sed 's/-r.*norm/norm/'; }
+
+touch exe || framework_failure_
+chmod u+x exe || framework_failure_
+touch nocolor || framework_failure_
+
+TCOLORS="no=7:ex=01;32"
+
+# Uncolored file names inherit NORMAL attributes.
+LS_COLORS=$TCOLORS      ls -gGU --color exe nocolor | qls >> out || fail=1
+LS_COLORS=$TCOLORS      ls -xU  --color exe nocolor       >> out || fail=1
+LS_COLORS=$TCOLORS      ls -gGU --color nocolor exe | qls >> out || fail=1
+LS_COLORS=$TCOLORS      ls -xU  --color nocolor exe       >> out || fail=1
+
+# NORMAL does not override FILE though
+LS_COLORS=$TCOLORS:fi=1 ls -gGU --color nocolor exe | qls >> out || fail=1
+
+# Support uncolored ordinary files that do _not_ inherit from NORMAL.
+# Note there is a redundant RESET output before a non colored
+# file in this case which may be removed in future.
+LS_COLORS=$TCOLORS:fi=  ls -gGU --color nocolor exe | qls >> out || fail=1
+LS_COLORS=$TCOLORS:fi=0 ls -gGU --color nocolor exe | qls >> out || fail=1
+
+# A caveat worth noting is that commas (-m), indicator chars (-F)
+# and the "total" line, do not currently use NORMAL attributes
+LS_COLORS=$TCOLORS      ls -mFU --color nocolor exe       >> out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure no coloring is done unless enabled
+LS_COLORS=$TCOLORS      ls -gGU         nocolor exe | qls >> out || fail=1
+
+cat -A out > out.display || framework_failure_
+mv out.display out || framework_failure_
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+^[[0m^[[7mnorm ^[[m^[[01;32mexe^[[0m$
+^[[7mnorm nocolor^[[0m$
+^[[0m^[[7m^[[m^[[01;32mexe^[[0m  ^[[7mnocolor^[[0m$
+^[[0m^[[7mnorm nocolor^[[0m$
+^[[7mnorm ^[[m^[[01;32mexe^[[0m$
+^[[0m^[[7mnocolor^[[0m  ^[[7m^[[m^[[01;32mexe^[[0m$
+^[[0m^[[7mnorm ^[[m^[[1mnocolor^[[0m$
+^[[7mnorm ^[[m^[[01;32mexe^[[0m$
+^[[0m^[[7mnorm ^[[m^[[mnocolor^[[0m$
+^[[7mnorm ^[[m^[[01;32mexe^[[0m$
+^[[0m^[[7mnorm ^[[m^[[0mnocolor^[[0m$
+^[[7mnorm ^[[m^[[01;32mexe^[[0m$
+^[[0m^[[7mnocolor^[[0m, ^[[7m^[[m^[[01;32mexe^[[0m*$
+norm nocolor$
+norm exe$
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/color-term.sh b/tests/ls/color-term.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..06c06c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/color-term.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure "ls --color" doesn't output colors for TERM=dumb
+
+# Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+# Output time as something constant
+export TIME_STYLE="+norm"
+
+touch exe || framework_failure_
+chmod u+x exe || framework_failure_
+
+# output colors
+LS_COLORS='' COLORTERM='nonempty' TERM='' ls --color=always exe >> out || fail=1
+LS_COLORS='' COLORTERM='' TERM='xterm' ls --color=always exe >> out || fail=1
+
+# Don't output colors
+LS_COLORS='' COLORTERM='' TERM='dumb' ls --color=always exe >> out || fail=1
+LS_COLORS='' COLORTERM='' TERM='' ls --color=always exe >> out || fail=1
+
+cat -A out > out.display || framework_failure_
+mv out.display out || framework_failure_
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+^[[0m^[[01;32mexe^[[0m$
+^[[0m^[[01;32mexe^[[0m$
+exe$
+exe$
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/dangle.sh b/tests/ls/dangle.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8e89afe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/dangle.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure ls properly handles dangling symlinks vs. ls's -L, -H, options.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+LS_MINOR_PROBLEM=1
+LS_FAILURE=2
+
+ln -s no-such-file dangle || framework_failure_
+mkdir -p dir/sub || framework_failure_
+ln -s dir slink-to-dir || framework_failure_
+mkdir d || framework_failure_
+ln -s no-such d/dangle || framework_failure_
+printf '? dangle\n' > subdir_Li_exp || framework_failure_
+printf 'total 0\n? dangle\n' > subdir_Ls_exp || framework_failure_
+
+# This must exit nonzero.
+returns_ $LS_FAILURE ls -L dangle > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+# So must this.
+returns_ $LS_FAILURE ls -H dangle > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# This must exit successfully.
+ls dangle >> out || fail=1
+
+ls slink-to-dir >> out 2>&1 || fail=1
+ls -H slink-to-dir >> out 2>&1 || fail=1
+ls -L slink-to-dir >> out 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+dangle
+sub
+sub
+sub
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that ls -Li prints "?" as the inode of a dangling symlink.
+rm -f out
+returns_ $LS_MINOR_PROBLEM ls -Li d > out 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+compare subdir_Li_exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that ls -Ls prints "?" as the allocation of a dangling symlink.
+rm -f out
+returns_ $LS_MINOR_PROBLEM ls -Ls d > out 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+compare subdir_Ls_exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/dired.sh b/tests/ls/dired.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1b67c1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/dired.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure --dired option works
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+mkdir dir || framework_failure_
+
+
+LC_MESSAGES=C ls -lR --dired dir > out || fail=1
+cat <<EOF > exp
+  dir:
+  total 0
+//SUBDIRED// 2 5
+//DIRED-OPTIONS// --quoting-style=literal
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/file-type.sh b/tests/ls/file-type.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..430637e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/file-type.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# contrast ls -F, ls -p, and ls --indicator-style=file-type
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+mkdir sub
+cd sub
+mkdir dir
+touch regular executable
+chmod a+x executable
+ln -s regular slink-reg
+ln -s dir slink-dir
+ln -s nowhere slink-dangle
+mknod block b 20 20 2> /dev/null && block="block
+"
+mknod char c 10 10 2> /dev/null && char="char
+"
+mkfifo_or_skip_ fifo
+cd ..
+
+
+
+ls -F sub > out || fail=1
+cat <<EOF > exp
+$block${char}dir/
+executable*
+fifo|
+regular
+slink-dangle@
+slink-dir@
+slink-reg@
+EOF
+
+sed 's/\*//' exp > exp2
+ls --indicator-style=file-type sub > out2 || fail=1
+
+sed 's/[@|]$//' exp2 > exp3
+ls -p sub > out3 || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+compare exp2 out2 || fail=1
+
+compare exp3 out3 || fail=1
+
+ls --color=auto -F sub > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/follow-slink.sh b/tests/ls/follow-slink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7f3eb19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/follow-slink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure ls -L always follows symlinks
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+LS_FAILURE=2
+
+# Isolate output files from directory being listed
+mkdir dir dir/sub dir1 || framework_failure_
+cd dir || framework_failure_
+ln -s link link || framework_failure_
+ln -s ../../dir1 sub/link-to-dir || framework_failure_
+
+# Make sure the symlink was created.
+# 'ln -s link link' succeeds, but creates no file on
+# systems running some DJGPP-2.03 libc.
+ls -F link > /dev/null || framework_failure_
+
+
+# When explicitly listing a broken link, the command must fail.
+returns_ $LS_FAILURE ls -L link 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+
+# When encountering a broken link implicitly, Solaris 9 and OpenBSD 3.4
+# list the link, provided no further information about the link needed
+# to be printed.  Since POSIX does not specify one way or the other, we
+# opt for compatibility (this was broken in 5.3.0 through 5.94).
+LC_ALL=C ls -L > ../out-L || fail=1
+LC_ALL=C ls -FLR sub > ../out-FLR-sub || fail=1
+
+cd .. || fail=1
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp-L
+link
+sub
+EOF
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp-FLR-sub
+sub:
+link-to-dir/
+
+sub/link-to-dir:
+EOF
+
+compare exp-L out-L || fail=1
+compare exp-FLR-sub out-FLR-sub || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/getxattr-speedup.sh b/tests/ls/getxattr-speedup.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bd8ec5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/getxattr-speedup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Show that we've eliminated most of ls' failing getxattr syscalls,
+# regardless of how many files are in a directory we list.
+# This test is skipped on systems that lack LD_PRELOAD support; that's fine.
+# Similarly, on a system that lacks getxattr altogether, skipping it is fine.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+require_gcc_shared_
+
+# Replace each getxattr and lgetxattr call with a call to these stubs.
+# Count those and write the total number of calls to the file "x"
+# via a global destructor.
+cat > k.c <<'EOF' || framework_failure_
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+static unsigned long int n_calls;
+
+static void __attribute__ ((destructor))
+print_call_count (void)
+{
+  FILE *fp = fopen ("x", "w"); if (!fp) return;
+  fprintf (fp, "%lu\n", n_calls); fclose (fp);
+}
+
+static ssize_t incr () { ++n_calls; errno = ENOTSUP; return -1; }
+ssize_t getxattr (const char *path, const char *name, void *value, size_t size)
+{ return incr (); }
+ssize_t lgetxattr(const char *path, const char *name, void *value, size_t size)
+{ return incr (); }
+EOF
+
+# Then compile/link it:
+gcc_shared_ k.c k.so \
+  || framework_failure_ 'failed to build shared library'
+
+# Create a few files:
+seq 20 | xargs touch || framework_failure_
+
+# Finally, run the test:
+LD_PRELOAD=$LD_PRELOAD:./k.so ls --color=always -l . || fail=1
+
+test -f x || skip_ "internal test failure: maybe LD_PRELOAD doesn't work?"
+
+# Ensure that there were no more than 3 *getxattr calls.
+n_calls=$(cat x)
+test "$n_calls" -le 3 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/group-dirs.sh b/tests/ls/group-dirs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6521142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/group-dirs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# test --group-directories-first
+
+# Copyright (C) 2018-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+# Isolate output files from directory being listed
+mkdir dir dir/b || framework_failure_
+touch dir/a || framework_failure_
+ln -s b dir/bl || framework_failure_
+
+ls --group dir > out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+b
+bl
+a
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+ls --group -d dir/* > out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+dir/b
+dir/bl
+dir/a
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/hex-option.sh b/tests/ls/hex-option.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0f9d774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/hex-option.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# accept hex/oct numbers to -w and -T
+
+# Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+ls -x -T0x10 -w010 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/hyperlink.sh b/tests/ls/hyperlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e87b3cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/hyperlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test --hyperlink processing
+
+# Copyright (C) 2017-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+# lookup based on first letter
+encode() {
+ printf '%s\n' \
+  'sp%20ace' 'ques%3ftion' 'back%5cslash' 'encoded%253Fquestion' 'testdir' \
+  "$1" |
+ sort -k1,1.1 -s | uniq -w1 -d
+}
+
+ls_encoded() {
+  ef=$(encode "$1")
+  echo "$ef" | grep -q 'dir$' && dir=: || dir=''
+  printf '\033]8;;file:///%s\a%s\033]8;;\a%s\n' \
+    "$ef" "$1" "$dir"
+}
+
+# These could be encoded, so remove from consideration
+strip_host_and_path() {
+  sed 's|file://.*/|file:///|'
+}
+
+mkdir testdir || framework_failure_
+(
+cd testdir
+ls_encoded "testdir" > ../exp.t || framework_failure_
+for f in 'back\slash' 'encoded%3Fquestion' 'ques?tion' 'sp ace'; do
+  touch "$f" || framework_failure_
+  ls_encoded "$f" >> ../exp.t || framework_failure_
+done
+)
+ln -s testdir testdirl || framework_failure_
+(cat exp.t && printf '\n' && sed 's/[^\/]testdir/&l/' exp.t) > exp \
+  || framework_failure_
+ls --hyper testdir testdirl >out.t || fail=1
+strip_host_and_path <out.t >out || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+ln -s '/probably_missing' testlink || framework_failure_
+ls -l --hyper testlink > out.t || fail=1
+strip_host_and_path <out.t >out || framework_failure_
+grep 'file:///probably_missing' out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/infloop.sh b/tests/ls/infloop.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f314737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/infloop.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# show that the following no longer makes ls infloop
+# mkdir loop; cd loop; ln -s ../loop sub; ls -RL
+# Also ensure ls exits with status = 2 in that case.
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+mkdir loop || framework_failure_
+ln -s ../loop loop/sub || framework_failure_
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp-out || framework_failure_
+loop:
+sub
+EOF
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp-err || framework_failure_
+ls: loop/sub: not listing already-listed directory
+EOF
+
+# Ensure that ls exits with status 2 upon detecting a cycle
+returns_ 2 timeout 10 ls -RL loop >out 2>err || fail=1
+
+compare exp-err err || fail=1
+compare exp-out out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/inode.sh b/tests/ls/inode.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..807ec29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/inode.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure that ls -i works properly on symlinks.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+touch f || framework_failure_
+ln -s f slink || framework_failure_
+
+
+# When listed explicitly:
+
+set x $(ls -Ci f slink); shift
+test $# = 4 || fail=1
+# The inode numbers should differ.
+test "$1" != "$3" || fail=1
+
+set x $(ls -CLi f slink); shift
+test $# = 4 || fail=1
+# With -L, they must be the same.
+test "$1" = "$3" || fail=1
+
+set x $(ls -CHi f slink); shift
+test $# = 4 || fail=1
+# With -H, they must be the same, too, from the command line.
+# Note that POSIX says -H must make ls dereference only
+# symlinks (specified on the command line) to directories,
+# but the historical BSD meaning of -H is to dereference
+# any symlink given on the command line.  For compatibility GNU ls
+# implements the BSD semantics.
+test "$1" = "$3" || fail=1
+
+# When listed from a directory:
+
+set x $(ls -Ci); shift
+test $# = 4 || fail=1
+# The inode numbers should differ.
+test "$1" != "$3" || fail=1
+
+set x $(ls -CLi); shift
+test $# = 4 || fail=1
+# With -L, they must be the same.
+test "$1" = "$3" || fail=1
+
+set x $(ls -CHi); shift
+test $# = 4 || fail=1
+# With -H, they must be different from inside a directory.
+test "$1" != "$3" || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/m-option.sh b/tests/ls/m-option.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..eba7df9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/m-option.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# exercise the -m option
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+seq 2000 > b || framework_failure_
+touch a || framework_failure_
+
+
+# Before coreutils-5.1.1, the following would output a space after the comma.
+ls -w2 -m a b > out || fail=1
+
+# Before coreutils-5.1.1, the following would produce leading white space.
+# All of the sed business is because the sizes are not portable.
+ls -sm a b | sed 's/^[0-9]/0/;s/, [0-9][0-9]* b/, 12 b/' >> out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+a,
+b
+0 a, 12 b
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/multihardlink.sh b/tests/ls/multihardlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c3787a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/multihardlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure "ls --color" properly colors names of hard linked files.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+working_umask_or_skip_
+
+touch file file1 || framework_failure_
+ln file1 file2 || skip_ "can't create hard link"
+code_mh='44;37'
+code_ex='01;32'
+code_png='01;35'
+c0=$(printf '\033[0m')
+c_mh=$(printf '\033[%sm' $code_mh)
+c_ex=$(printf '\033[%sm' $code_ex)
+c_png=$(printf '\033[%sm' $code_png)
+
+# regular file - not hard linked
+LS_COLORS="mh=$code_mh" ls -U1 --color=always file > out || fail=1
+printf "file\n" > out_ok || framework_failure_
+compare out out_ok || fail=1
+
+# hard links
+LS_COLORS="mh=$code_mh" ls -U1 --color=always file1 file2 > out || fail=1
+printf "$c0${c_mh}file1$c0
+${c_mh}file2$c0
+" > out_ok || framework_failure_
+compare out out_ok || fail=1
+
+# hard links and png (hard link coloring takes precedence)
+mv file2 file2.png || framework_failure_
+LS_COLORS="mh=$code_mh:*.png=$code_png" ls -U1 --color=always file1 file2.png \
+  > out || fail=1
+printf "$c0${c_mh}file1$c0
+${c_mh}file2.png$c0
+" > out_ok || framework_failure_
+compare out out_ok || fail=1
+
+# hard links and exe (exe coloring takes precedence)
+chmod a+x file2.png || framework_failure_
+LS_COLORS="mh=$code_mh:*.png=$code_png:ex=$code_ex" \
+  ls -U1 --color=always file1 file2.png > out || fail=1
+chmod a-x file2.png || framework_failure_
+printf "$c0${c_ex}file1$c0
+${c_ex}file2.png$c0
+" > out_ok || framework_failure_
+compare out out_ok || fail=1
+
+# hard links and png (hard link coloring disabled => png coloring enabled)
+LS_COLORS="mh=00:*.png=$code_png" ls -U1 --color=always file1 file2.png > out \
+  || fail=1
+printf "file1
+$c0${c_png}file2.png$c0
+" > out_ok || framework_failure_
+compare out out_ok || fail=1
+
+# hard links and png (hard link coloring not enabled explicitly => png coloring)
+LS_COLORS="*.png=$code_png" ls -U1 --color=always file1 file2.png > out \
+  || fail=1
+printf "file1
+$c0${c_png}file2.png$c0
+" > out_ok || framework_failure_
+compare out out_ok || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/nameless-uid.sh b/tests/ls/nameless-uid.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8071456
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/nameless-uid.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that ls -l works on files with nameless uid and/or gid
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+require_root_
+require_perl_
+
+nameless_uid=$($PERL -e '
+  foreach my $i (1000..16*1024) { getpwuid $i or (print "$i\n"), exit }
+')
+
+if test x$nameless_uid = x; then
+  skip_ "couldn't find a nameless UID"
+fi
+
+touch f || framework_failure_
+chown $nameless_uid f || framework_failure_
+
+
+set -- $(ls -o f) || fail=1
+test $3 = $nameless_uid || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/no-arg.sh b/tests/ls/no-arg.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e9d2f25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/no-arg.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure ls and 'ls -R' do the right thing when invoked with no arguments.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+mkdir -p dir/subdir || framework_failure_
+touch dir/subdir/file2 || framework_failure_
+ln -s f symlink || framework_failure_
+
+cat > exp <<\EOF || framework_failure_
+dir
+exp
+out
+symlink
+EOF
+
+
+ls -1 > out || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+cat > exp <<\EOF
+.:
+dir
+exp
+out
+symlink
+
+./dir:
+subdir
+
+./dir/subdir:
+file2
+EOF
+
+ls -R1 > out || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/no-cap.sh b/tests/ls/no-cap.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..864e4a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/no-cap.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that an empty "ca=" attribute disables ls's capability-checking
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+require_strace_ capget
+
+LS_COLORS=ca=1; export LS_COLORS
+strace -e capget ls --color=always > /dev/null 2> out || fail=1
+$EGREP 'capget\(' out || skip_ "your ls doesn't call capget"
+
+rm -f out
+
+LS_COLORS=ca=:; export LS_COLORS
+strace -e capget ls --color=always > /dev/null 2> out || fail=1
+$EGREP 'capget\(' out && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/quote-align.sh b/tests/ls/quote-align.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..56b6095
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/quote-align.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# test quote alignment combinations
+
+# Copyright (C) 2016-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+dirname='dir:name'
+mkdir "$dirname" || framework_failure_
+touch "$dirname/a b" "$dirname/c.foo" || framework_failure_
+
+e=$(printf '\033')
+color_code='0;31;42'
+c_pre="$e[0m$e[${color_code}m"
+c_post="$e[0m"
+
+cat <<EOF >exp || framework_failure_
+'$dirname':
+'a b'  ${c_pre}c.foo${c_post}
+'$dirname':
+'a b'   ${c_pre}c.foo${c_post}
+'$dirname':
+'a b'
+ ${c_pre}c.foo${c_post}
+'$dirname':
+'a b'
+${c_pre}c.foo${c_post}
+'$dirname':
+'a b', ${c_pre}c.foo${c_post}
+'$dirname':
+'a b'   ${c_pre}c.foo${c_post}
+
+EOF
+
+for opt in '-w0 -x' '-x' '-og' '-1' '-m' '-C'; do
+  env TERM=xterm LS_COLORS="*.foo=$color_code" TIME_STYLE=+T \
+    ls $opt -R --quoting=shell-escape --color=always "$dirname" >> out || fail=1
+done
+
+# Append a newline, to accommodate less-capable versions of sed.
+echo >> out || framework_failure_
+
+# Strip possible varying portion of long format
+sed -e 's/.*T //' -e '/^total/d' out > k && mv k out
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/readdir-mountpoint-inode.sh b/tests/ls/readdir-mountpoint-inode.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e6162bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/readdir-mountpoint-inode.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that ls -i works also for mount points
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+# We use --local here so as to not activate
+# potentially very many remote mounts.
+df --local --out=target | sed -n '/^\/./p' > mount_points
+test -s mount_points ||
+  skip_ "this test requires a non-root mount point"
+
+# Given e.g., /dev/shm, produce the list of GNU ls options that
+# let us list just that entry using readdir data from its parent:
+# ls -i -I '[^s]*' -I 's[^h]*' -I 'sh[^m]*' -I 'shm?*' -I '.?*' \
+# -I '?' -I '??' /dev
+
+ls_ignore_options()
+{
+  name=$1
+  opts="-I '.?*' -I '$name?*'"
+  while :; do
+    glob=$(echo "$name"|sed 's/\(.*\)\(.\)$/\1[^\2]*/')
+    opts="$opts -I '$glob'"
+    name=$(echo "$name"|sed 's/.$//')
+    test -z "$name" && break
+    glob=$(echo "$name"|sed 's/./?/g')
+    opts="$opts -I '$glob'"
+  done
+  echo "$opts"
+}
+
+inode_via_readdir()
+{
+  mount_point=$1
+  base=$(basename "$mount_point")
+  case "$base" in
+    .*) skip_ 'mount point component starts with "."' ;;
+    *[*?]*) skip_ 'mount point component contains "?" or "*"' ;;
+  esac
+  opts=$(ls_ignore_options "$base")
+  parent_dir=$(dirname "$mount_point")
+  ls_out=$(eval "ls -i $opts '$parent_dir'")
+  test $? -eq 0 || \
+    skip_ "'$parent_dir' is not readable for current user"
+  echo $ls_out | sed 's/ .*//'
+}
+
+while read dir; do
+  readdir_inode=$(inode_via_readdir "$dir")
+  test $? = 77 && continue
+  stat_inode=$(timeout 1 stat --format=%i "$dir")
+  # If stat fails or says the inode is 0, skip $dir.
+  case $stat_inode in 0|'') continue;; esac
+  test "$readdir_inode" = "$stat_inode" || fail=1
+done < mount_points
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/recursive.sh b/tests/ls/recursive.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..db00a74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/recursive.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 had a bug whereby some recursive listings
+# didn't include a blank line between per-directory groups of files.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+mkdir x y a b c a/1 a/2 a/3 || framework_failure_
+touch f a/1/I a/1/II || framework_failure_
+
+
+# This first example is from Andreas Schwab's bug report.
+ls -R1 a b c > out || fail=1
+cat <<EOF > exp
+a:
+1
+2
+3
+
+a/1:
+I
+II
+
+a/2:
+
+a/3:
+
+b:
+
+c:
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+rm -rf out exp
+ls -R1 x y f > out || fail=1
+cat <<EOF > exp
+f
+
+x:
+
+y:
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/removed-directory.sh b/tests/ls/removed-directory.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..85339ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/removed-directory.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# If ls is asked to list a removed directory (e.g., the parent process's
+# current working directory has been removed by another process), it
+# should not emit an error message merely because the directory is removed.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2020-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+cwd=$(pwd)
+mkdir d || framework_failure_
+cd d || framework_failure_
+rmdir ../d || skip_ "can't remove working directory on this platform"
+
+# On NFS, 'ls' would run into the error "Stale file handle".
+test -d . || skip_ "can't examine removed working directory on this platform"
+
+ls >"$cwd"/out 2>"$cwd"/err || fail=1
+cd "$cwd" || framework_failure_
+
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/root-rel-symlink-color.sh b/tests/ls/root-rel-symlink-color.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c6da9a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/root-rel-symlink-color.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise the 8.17 ls bug with coloring relative-named symlinks in "/".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls test
+
+symlink_to_rel=
+for i in /*; do
+  # Skip non-symlinks:
+  env test -h "$i" || continue
+
+  # Skip dangling symlinks:
+  env test -e "$i" || continue
+
+  # Skip any symlink-to-absolute-name:
+  case $(readlink "$i") in /*) continue ;; esac
+
+  symlink_to_rel=$i
+  break
+done
+
+test -z "$symlink_to_rel" \
+  && skip_ no relative symlink in /
+
+e='\33'
+color_code='01;36'
+c_pre="$e[0m$e[${color_code}m"
+c_post="$e[0m"
+printf "$c_pre$symlink_to_rel$c_post\n" > exp || framework_failure_
+
+env TERM=xterm LS_COLORS="ln=$color_code:or=1;31;42" \
+  ls -d --color=always "$symlink_to_rel" > out || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/rt-1.sh b/tests/ls/rt-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2124be8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/rt-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure name is used as secondary key when sorting on mtime or ctime.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls touch
+
+date=1998-01-15
+
+touch -d "$date" c || framework_failure_
+touch -d "$date" a || framework_failure_
+touch -d "$date" b || framework_failure_
+
+
+ls -1t a b c > out || fail=1
+cat <<EOF > exp
+a
+b
+c
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+rm -rf out exp
+ls -1rt a b c > out || fail=1
+cat <<EOF > exp
+c
+b
+a
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/selinux-segfault.sh b/tests/ls/selinux-segfault.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c071978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/selinux-segfault.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure we don't segfault in selinux handling
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+# ls -l /proc/sys would segfault when built against libselinux1 2.0.15-2+b1
+f=/proc/sys
+test -r $f || f=.
+ls -l $f > out || fail=1
+
+# ls <= 8.32 would segfault when printing
+# the security context of broken symlink targets
+mkdir sedir || framework_failure_
+ln -sf missing sedir/broken || framework_failure_
+returns_ 1 ls -L -R -Z -m sedir > out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/slink-acl.sh b/tests/ls/slink-acl.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2b6cf2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/slink-acl.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# verify that ls -lL works when applied to a symlink to an ACL'd file
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+require_setfacl_
+
+touch k || framework_failure_
+setfacl -m user::r-- k || framework_failure_
+ln -s k s || framework_failure_
+
+set _ $(ls -Log s); shift; link=$1
+set _ $(ls -og k);  shift; reg=$1
+
+test "$link" = "$reg" || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/sort-width-option.sh b/tests/ls/sort-width-option.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3ab0f69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/sort-width-option.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise the --sort=width option.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2021-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+mkdir subdir       || framework_failure_
+touch subdir/aaaaa || framework_failure_
+touch subdir/bbb   || framework_failure_
+touch subdir/cccc  || framework_failure_
+touch subdir/d     || framework_failure_
+touch subdir/zz    || framework_failure_
+
+
+ls --sort=width subdir > out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+d
+zz
+bbb
+cccc
+aaaaa
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/stat-dtype.sh b/tests/ls/stat-dtype.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f500358
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/stat-dtype.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that ls --file-type does not call stat unnecessarily.
+# Also check for the dtype-related (and fs-type dependent) bug
+# in coreutils-6.0 that made ls -CF columns misaligned.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# The trick is to create an un-stat'able symlink and to see if ls
+# can report its type nonetheless, using dirent.d_type.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+# Skip this test unless "." is on a file system with useful d_type info.
+# FIXME: This uses "ls -p" to decide whether to test "ls" with other options,
+# but if ls's d_type code is buggy then "ls -p" might be buggy too.
+mkdir -p c/d || framework_failure_
+chmod a-x c || framework_failure_
+if test "X$(ls -p c 2>&1)" != Xd/; then
+  skip_ "'.' is not on a suitable file system for this test"
+fi
+
+mkdir d || framework_failure_
+ln -s / d/s || framework_failure_
+chmod 600 d || framework_failure_
+
+mkdir -p e/a2345 e/b || framework_failure_
+chmod 600 e || framework_failure_
+
+
+ls --file-type d > out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+s@
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Check for the ls -CF misaligned-columns bug:
+ls -CF e > out || fail=1
+
+# coreutils-6.0 would print two spaces after the first slash,
+# rather than the appropriate TAB.
+printf 'a2345/\tb/\n' > exp || framework_failure_
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/stat-failed.sh b/tests/ls/stat-failed.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d7bbed5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/stat-failed.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify that ls works properly when it fails to stat a file that is
+# not mentioned on the command line.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+skip_if_root_
+
+LS_MINOR_PROBLEM=1
+
+mkdir d || framework_failure_
+ln -s / d/s || framework_failure_
+chmod 600 d || framework_failure_
+
+
+returns_ 1 ls -Log d > out || fail=1
+
+# Linux 2.6.32 client with Isilon OneFS always returns d_type==DT_DIR ('d')
+# Newer Linux 3.10.0 returns the more correct DT_UNKNOWN ('?')
+grep '^[l?]?' out || skip_ 'unrecognized d_type returned'
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+total 0
+?????????? ? ?            ? s
+EOF
+
+sed 's/^l/?/' out | compare exp - || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that the offsets in --dired output are accurate.
+rm -f out exp
+returns_ $LS_MINOR_PROBLEM ls --dired -l d > out || fail=1
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+  total 0
+  ?????????? ? ? ? ?            ? s
+//DIRED// 44 45
+//DIRED-OPTIONS// --quoting-style=literal
+EOF
+
+sed 's/^  l/  ?/' out | compare exp - || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/stat-free-color.sh b/tests/ls/stat-free-color.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c007876
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/stat-free-color.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Show that --color need not use stat, as long as we have d_type support.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+require_strace_ stat
+require_dirent_d_type_
+
+stats='stat'
+# List of other _file name_ stat functions to increase coverage.
+other_stats='statx lstat stat64 lstat64 newfstatat fstatat64'
+for stat in $other_stats; do
+  strace -qe "$stat" true > /dev/null 2>&1 &&
+    stats="$stats,$stat"
+done
+
+# Disable enough features via LS_COLORS so that ls --color
+# can do its job without calling stat (other than the obligatory
+# one-call-per-command-line argument).
+cat <<EOF > color-without-stat || framework_failure_
+RESET 0
+DIR 01;34
+LINK 01;36
+FIFO 40;33
+SOCK 01;35
+DOOR 01;35
+BLK 40;33;01
+CHR 40;33;01
+ORPHAN 00
+SETUID 00
+SETGID 00
+CAPABILITY 00
+STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE 00
+OTHER_WRITABLE 00
+STICKY 00
+EXEC 00
+MULTIHARDLINK 00
+EOF
+eval $(dircolors -b color-without-stat)
+
+# The system may perform additional stat-like calls before main.
+# Furthermore, underlying library functions may also implicitly
+# add an extra stat call, e.g. opendir since glibc-2.21-360-g46f894d.
+# Finally, ls(1) makes a stat call for stdout, but only in the case
+# when there is something to output.
+# To get the comparison right, first get a baseline count for running
+# 'ls -a' with one empty directory argument.  Then, compare that with
+# the invocation under test.
+mkdir d || framework_failure_
+
+strace -q -o log1 -e $stats ls -a --color=always d || fail=1
+n_stat1=$(grep -vF '+++' log1 | wc -l) || framework_failure_
+
+test $n_stat1 = 0 \
+  && skip_ 'No stat calls recognized on this platform'
+
+# Populate the test directory.
+mkdir d/subdir \
+  && touch d/regf \
+  && ln d/regf d/hlink \
+  && ln -s regf d/slink \
+  && ln -s nowhere d/dangle \
+  || framework_failure_
+
+# Invocation under test.
+strace -q -o log2 -e $stats ls --color=always d || fail=1
+n_stat2=$(grep -vF '+++' log2 | wc -l) || framework_failure_
+
+# Expect the same number of stat calls.
+test $n_stat1 = $n_stat2 \
+  || { fail=1; head -n30 log*; }
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/stat-free-symlinks.sh b/tests/ls/stat-free-symlinks.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..706d415
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/stat-free-symlinks.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that ls does not stat a symlink in an unusual case
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+require_strace_ stat
+
+stats='stat'
+# List of other _file name_ stat functions to increase coverage.
+other_stats='statx lstat stat64 lstat64 newfstatat fstatat64'
+for stat in $other_stats; do
+  strace -qe "$stat" true > /dev/null 2>&1 &&
+    stats="$stats,$stat"
+done
+
+# The system may perform additional stat-like calls before main.
+# Furthermore, underlying library functions may also implicitly
+# add an extra stat call, e.g. opendir since glibc-2.21-360-g46f894d.
+# To avoid counting those, first get a baseline count for running
+# ls with one empty directory argument.  Then, compare that with the
+# invocation under test.
+mkdir d || framework_failure_
+strace -q -o log1 -e $stats ls -F --color=always d || fail=1
+n_stat1=$(grep -vF '+++' log1 | wc -l) || framework_failure_
+
+test $n_stat1 = 0 \
+  && skip_ 'No stat calls recognized on this platform'
+
+
+touch x || framework_failure_
+chmod a+x x || framework_failure_
+ln -s x link-to-x || framework_failure_
+
+
+# ls from coreutils 6.9 would unnecessarily stat a symlink in an unusual case:
+# When not coloring orphan and missing entries, and without ln=target,
+# ensure that ls -F (or -d, or -l: i.e., when not dereferencing)
+# does not stat a symlink to directory, and does still color that
+# symlink and an executable file properly.
+
+LS_COLORS='or=0:mi=0:ex=01;32:ln=01;35' \
+  strace -qe $stats -o log2 ls -F --color=always x link-to-x > out.tmp || fail=1
+n_stat2=$(grep -vF '+++' log2 | wc -l) || framework_failure_
+
+# Expect one more stat call,
+# which failed with coreutils 6.9 and earlier, which had 2.
+test $n_stat1 = $(($n_stat2 - 1)) \
+  || { fail=1; head -n30 log*; }
+
+# Check that output is colored, as requested, too.
+{
+  printf '\033[0m\033[01;35mlink-to-x\033[0m@\n'
+  printf '\033[01;32mx\033[0m*\n'
+} > exp || fail=1
+# Elide info messages strace can send to stdout of the form:
+#   [ Process PID=1234 runs in 32 bit mode. ]
+sed '/Process PID=/d' out.tmp > out
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/stat-vs-dirent.sh b/tests/ls/stat-vs-dirent.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..08ec486
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/stat-vs-dirent.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that d_ino (from ls -di) and st_ino (from stat --format=%i) match.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+
+root_dev_ino=$(stat --format=%d-%i /)
+t=$(pwd)
+while :; do
+  if ls -i1 "$t" > tmp; then
+    # Extract the inode number from the first line of output from ls -i1.
+    # This value comes from dirent.d_ino, on systems with d_ino support.
+    d_ino=$(sed -n '1s/^ *\([0-9][0-9]*\) .*/\1/p;q' tmp)
+
+    # Extract the name of the corresponding directory entry.
+    file=$(sed -n '1s/^ *[0-9][0-9]* //p;q' tmp)
+
+    # Get its inode number (stat.st_ino) via stat(1)'s call to lstat.
+    st_ino=$(stat --format=%i "$t/$file") ||
+        skip_ "error stating: $t/$file"  # removed or newlines in name etc.
+
+    # Make sure that they are the same.
+    # We know from experience that there may be mismatches on some
+    # buggy file systems, at mount points.
+    # Note that when a directory contains only entries whose names
+    # start with ".", d_ino and file will both be empty.  In that case,
+    # skip the test.
+    if test -n "$d_ino" && test "$d_ino" != "$st_ino"; then
+      echo "$0: test failed: $t/$file: d_ino($d_ino) != st_ino($st_ino)
+        This may indicate a flaw in your kernel or file system implementation.
+        The flaw isn't serious for coreutils, but it might break other tools,
+        so you should report it to your operating system vendor." 1>&2
+
+      fail=1
+      break
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  t=$(cd "$t/.."; pwd)
+  dev_ino=$(stat --format=%d-%i "$t")
+  test $dev_ino = $root_dev_ino && break
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/symlink-quote.sh b/tests/ls/symlink-quote.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..688b9a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/symlink-quote.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure symlinks are quoted appropriately
+
+# Copyright (C) 2017-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+ln -s 'needs quoting' symlink || framework_failure_
+
+ls -l --quoting-style='shell-escape' symlink >out || fail=1
+
+# Coreutils v8.26 and 8.27 failed to quote the target name
+grep -q "symlink -> 'needs quoting'\$" out ||
+  { cat out; fail=1; }
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/symlink-slash.sh b/tests/ls/symlink-slash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ba3c6a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/symlink-slash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Do dereference a symlink arg if its name is written with a trailing slash.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1999-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+mkdir dir || framework_failure_
+ln -s dir symlink || framework_failure_
+
+set $(ls -l symlink/)
+
+# Prior to fileutils-4.0k, the following would have output '... symlink -> dir'.
+test "$*" = 'total 0' && : || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/time-style-diag.sh b/tests/ls/time-style-diag.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2e6817e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/time-style-diag.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that an invalid --time-style=ARG is diagnosed the way we want.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+returns_ 2 ls -l --time-style=XX > out 2> err || fail=1
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+ls: invalid argument 'XX' for 'time style'
+Valid arguments are:
+  - [posix-]full-iso
+  - [posix-]long-iso
+  - [posix-]iso
+  - [posix-]locale
+  - +FORMAT (e.g., +%H:%M) for a 'date'-style format
+Try 'ls --help' for more information.
+EOF
+
+compare exp err || fail=1
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/w-option.sh b/tests/ls/w-option.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..81aaf48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/w-option.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# exercise the -w option
+
+# Copyright (C) 2015-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+getlimits_
+
+touch a b || framework_failure_
+chmod a+x a || framework_failure_
+
+# Negative values disallowed
+returns_ 2 ls -w-1 || fail=1
+
+# Verify octal parsing (especially since 0 is allowed)
+returns_ 2 ls -w08 || fail=1
+
+# Overflowed values are capped at SIZE_MAX
+ls -w$SIZE_OFLOW || fail=1
+
+# After coreutils 8.24 -w0 means no limit
+# and delimiting with spaces
+ls -w0 -x -T1 a b > out || fail=1
+printf '%s\n' 'a  b' > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that 0 line length doesn't cause division by zero
+TERM=xterm ls -w0 -x --color=always || fail=1
+
+# coreutils <= 8.24 could display 1 column too few
+ls -w4 -x -T0 a b > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/x-option.sh b/tests/ls/x-option.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6e232b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/x-option.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise the -x option.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+mkdir subdir || framework_failure_
+touch subdir/b || framework_failure_
+touch subdir/a || framework_failure_
+
+
+# Coreutils 6.8 and 6.9 would output this in the wrong order.
+ls -x subdir > out || fail=1
+ls -rx subdir >> out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+a  b
+b  a
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/ls/zero-option.sh b/tests/ls/zero-option.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..28205e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ls/zero-option.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify behavior of ls --zero.
+
+# Copyright 2021-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+mkdir dir && touch dir/a dir/b dir/cc || framework_failure_
+
+allowed_options='-l'  # explict -l with --zero is allowed
+LC_ALL=C ls $allowed_options --zero dir >out || fail=1
+grep '^total' out || fail=1  # Ensure -l honored
+
+disallowed_options='-l --dired'  # dired only enabled with -l
+returns_ 2 ls $disallowed_options --zero dir || fail=1
+
+disabled_options='--color=always -x -m -C -Q -q'
+LC_ALL=C ls $disabled_options --zero dir >out || fail=1
+tr '\n' '\0' <<EOF >exp
+a
+b
+cc
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/arch.sh b/tests/misc/arch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c50b324
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/arch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that arch output is equal to uname -m
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ arch
+
+arch > out || fail=1
+uname -m > exp || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/b2sum.sh b/tests/misc/b2sum.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3089702
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/b2sum.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# 'b2sum' tests
+
+# Copyright (C) 2016-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cksum
+
+for prog in 'b2sum' 'cksum -a blake2b'; do
+# Also check b2sum if built
+[ "$prog" = 'b2sum' ] && { $prog --version || continue; }
+
+# Ensure we can --check the --tag format we produce
+rm -f check.b2sum || framework_failure_
+[ "$prog" = 'b2sum' ] && tag_opt='--tag' || tag_opt=''
+for i in 'a' ' b' '*c' '44' ' '; do
+  echo "$i" > "$i"
+  for l in 0 128; do
+    $prog -l $l $tag_opt "$i" >> check.b2sum
+  done
+done
+# Note -l is inferred from the tags in the mixed format file
+$prog --strict -c check.b2sum || fail=1
+# Also ensure the openssl tagged variant works
+sed 's/ //; s/ =/=/' < check.b2sum > openssl.b2sum || framework_failure_
+$prog --strict -c openssl.b2sum || fail=1
+
+rm -f check.vals || framework_failure_
+# Ensure we can check non tagged format
+[ "$prog" != 'b2sum' ] && tag_opt='--untagged' || tag_opt=''
+[ "$prog" == 'b2sum' ] && text_opt='--text' || text_opt=''
+for l in 0 128; do
+  $prog $tag_opt $text_opt -l $l /dev/null | tee -a check.vals > check.b2sum
+  $prog -l $l --strict -c check.b2sum || fail=1
+  $prog --strict -c check.b2sum || fail=1
+done
+
+# Ensure the checksum values are correct.  The reference
+# check.vals was created with the upstream SSE reference implementation.
+[ "$prog" != 'b2sum' ] && tag_opt='--untagged' || tag_opt=''
+$prog $tag_opt --length=128 check.vals > out.tmp || fail=1
+tr '*' ' ' < out.tmp > out || framework_failure_  # Remove binary tag on cygwin
+printf '%s\n' '796485dd32fe9b754ea5fd6c721271d9  check.vals' > exp
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# This would segfault from coreutils-8.26 to coreutils-8.28
+printf '%s\n' 'BLAKE2' 'BLAKE2b' 'BLAKE2-' 'BLAKE2(' 'BLAKE2 (' > crash.check \
+  || framework_failure_
+returns_ 1 $prog -c crash.check || fail=1
+
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/base64.pl b/tests/misc/base64.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..955ce32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/base64.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Exercise base{32,64}.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+# Return the encoding of a string of N 'a's.
+sub enc64($)
+{
+  my ($n) = @_;
+  my %remainder = ( 0 => '', 1 => 'YQ==', 2 => 'YWE=' );
+  return 'YWFh' x ($n / 3) . $remainder{$n % 3};
+}
+
+sub enc32($)
+{
+  my ($n) = @_;
+  my %remainder = ( 0 => '', 1 => 'ME======', 2 => 'MFQQ====',
+                    3 => 'MFQWC===', 4 => 'MFQWCYI=');
+  return 'MFQWCYLB' x ($n / 5) . $remainder{$n % 5};
+}
+
+# Function reference to appropriate encoder
+my $enc;
+
+# An encoded string of length 4KB, using 3K "a"s.
+my $a3k;
+my @a3k_nl;
+
+# Return a copy of S, with newlines inserted every WIDTH bytes.
+# Ensure that the result (if not the empty string) is newline-terminated.
+sub wrap($$)
+{
+  my ($s, $width) = @_;
+  $s =~ s/(.{$width})/$1\n/g;
+  substr ($s, -1, 1) ne "\n"
+    and $s .= "\n";
+  return $s;
+}
+
+my @Tests;
+
+sub gen_tests($)
+{
+  my ($prog) = @_;
+  my $try_help = "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n";
+  @Tests=
+    (
+     ['empty', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>""}],
+     ['inout1', {IN=>'a'x1}, {OUT=>&$enc(1)."\n"}],
+     ['inout2', {IN=>'a'x2}, {OUT=>&$enc(2)."\n"}],
+     ['inout3', {IN=>'a'x3}, {OUT=>&$enc(3)."\n"}],
+     ['inout4', {IN=>'a'x4}, {OUT=>&$enc(4)."\n"}],
+     ['inout5', {IN=>'a'x5}, {OUT=>&$enc(5)."\n"}],
+     ['wrap', '--wrap 0', {IN=>'a'}, {OUT=>&$enc(1)}],
+     ['wrap-zero', '--wrap 08', {IN=>'a'}, {OUT=>&$enc(1)."\n"}],
+     ['wrap5-39', '--wrap=5', {IN=>'a' x 39}, {OUT=>wrap &$enc(39),5}],
+     ['wrap5-40', '--wrap=5', {IN=>'a' x 40}, {OUT=>wrap &$enc(40),5}],
+     ['wrap5-41', '--wrap=5', {IN=>'a' x 41}, {OUT=>wrap &$enc(41),5}],
+     ['wrap5-42', '--wrap=5', {IN=>'a' x 42}, {OUT=>wrap &$enc(42),5}],
+     ['wrap5-43', '--wrap=5', {IN=>'a' x 43}, {OUT=>wrap &$enc(43),5}],
+     ['wrap5-44', '--wrap=5', {IN=>'a' x 44}, {OUT=>wrap &$enc(44),5}],
+     ['wrap5-45', '--wrap=5', {IN=>'a' x 45}, {OUT=>wrap &$enc(45),5}],
+     ['wrap5-46', '--wrap=5', {IN=>'a' x 46}, {OUT=>wrap &$enc(46),5}],
+
+     ['wrap-bad-1', '-w0x0', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>""},
+      {ERR_SUBST => 's/base..:/base..:/'},
+      {ERR => "base..: invalid wrap size: '0x0'\n"}, {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['wrap-bad-2', '-w1k', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>""},
+      {ERR_SUBST => 's/base..:/base..:/'},
+      {ERR => "base..: invalid wrap size: '1k'\n"}, {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['wrap-bad-3', '-w-1', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>""},
+      {ERR_SUBST => 's/base..:/base..:/'},
+      {ERR => "base..: invalid wrap size: '-1'\n"}, {EXIT => 1}],
+
+     ['buf-1',   '--decode', {IN=>&$enc(1)}, {OUT=>'a' x 1}],
+     ['buf-2',   '--decode', {IN=>&$enc(2)}, {OUT=>'a' x 2}],
+     ['buf-3',   '--decode', {IN=>&$enc(3)}, {OUT=>'a' x 3}],
+     ['buf-4',   '--decode', {IN=>&$enc(4)}, {OUT=>'a' x 4}],
+     # 4KB worth of input.
+     ['buf-4k0', '--decode', {IN=>&$enc(3072+0)}, {OUT=>'a' x (3072+0)}],
+     ['buf-4k1', '--decode', {IN=>&$enc(3072+1)}, {OUT=>'a' x (3072+1)}],
+     ['buf-4k2', '--decode', {IN=>&$enc(3072+2)}, {OUT=>'a' x (3072+2)}],
+     ['buf-4k3', '--decode', {IN=>&$enc(3072+3)}, {OUT=>'a' x (3072+3)}],
+     ['buf-4km1','--decode', {IN=>&$enc(3072-1)}, {OUT=>'a' x (3072-1)}],
+     ['buf-4km2','--decode', {IN=>&$enc(3072-2)}, {OUT=>'a' x (3072-2)}],
+     ['buf-4km3','--decode', {IN=>&$enc(3072-3)}, {OUT=>'a' x (3072-3)}],
+     ['buf-4km4','--decode', {IN=>&$enc(3072-4)}, {OUT=>'a' x (3072-4)}],
+
+     # Exercise the case in which the final base-64 byte is
+     # in a buffer all by itself.
+     ['b4k-1',   '--decode', {IN=>$a3k_nl[1]}, {OUT=>'a' x (3072+0)}],
+     ['b4k-2',   '--decode', {IN=>$a3k_nl[2]}, {OUT=>'a' x (3072+0)}],
+     ['b4k-3',   '--decode', {IN=>$a3k_nl[3]}, {OUT=>'a' x (3072+0)}],
+
+     ['ext-op1', 'a b',       {IN=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+      {ERR => "$prog: extra operand 'b'\n" . $try_help}],
+     # Again, with more option arguments
+     ['ext-op2', '-di --wrap=40 a b',       {IN=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+      {ERR => "$prog: extra operand 'b'\n" . $try_help}],
+    );
+
+  if ($prog eq "base64")
+    {
+        push @Tests, (
+          ['baddecode', '--decode', {IN=>'a'}, {OUT=>""},
+          {ERR_SUBST => 's/.*: invalid input//'}, {ERR => "\n"}, {EXIT => 1}],
+          ['baddecode2', '--decode', {IN=>'ab'}, {OUT=>"i"},
+          {ERR_SUBST => 's/.*: invalid input//'}, {ERR => "\n"}, {EXIT => 1}],
+          ['baddecode3', '--decode', {IN=>'Zzz'}, {OUT=>"g<"},
+          {ERR_SUBST => 's/.*: invalid input//'}, {ERR => "\n"}, {EXIT => 1}],
+          ['baddecode4', '--decode', {IN=>'Zz='}, {OUT=>"g"},
+          {ERR_SUBST => 's/.*: invalid input//'}, {ERR => "\n"}, {EXIT => 1}],
+          ['baddecode5', '--decode', {IN=>'Z==='}, {OUT=>""},
+          {ERR_SUBST => 's/.*: invalid input//'}, {ERR => "\n"}, {EXIT => 1}]
+        );
+    }
+
+  # For each non-failing test, create a --decode test using the
+  # expected output as input.  Also, add tests inserting newlines.
+  my @new;
+  foreach my $t (@Tests)
+  {
+      my $exit_val;
+      my $in;
+      my @out;
+
+      # If the test has a single option of "--decode", then skip it.
+      !ref $t->[1] && $t->[1] eq '--decode'
+      and next;
+
+      foreach my $e (@$t)
+      {
+          ref $e && ref $e eq 'HASH'
+          or next;
+          defined $e->{EXIT}
+          and $exit_val = $e->{EXIT};
+          defined $e->{IN}
+          and $in = $e->{IN};
+          if (defined $e->{OUT})
+          {
+              my $t = $e->{OUT};
+              push @out, $t;
+              my $len = length $t;
+              foreach my $i (0..$len)
+              {
+                  my $u = $t;
+                  substr ($u, $i, 0) = "\n";
+                  push @out, $u;
+                  10 <= $i
+                  and last;
+              }
+          }
+      }
+      $exit_val
+      and next;
+
+      my $i = 0;
+      foreach my $o (@out)
+      {
+          push @new, ["d$i-$t->[0]", '--decode', {IN => $o}, {OUT => $in}];
+          ++$i;
+      }
+  }
+  push @Tests, @new;
+}
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = 0;
+foreach my $prog (qw(base32 base64))
+  {
+    $enc = $prog eq "base32" ? \&enc32 : \&enc64;
+
+    # Construct an encoded string of length 4KB, using 3K "a"s.
+    $a3k = &$enc(3072);
+    @a3k_nl = ();
+    # A few copies, each with different number of newlines at the start.
+    for my $k (0..3)
+      {
+        (my $t = $a3k) =~ s/^/"\n"x $k/e;
+        push @a3k_nl, $t;
+      }
+
+    gen_tests($prog);
+
+    $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+    if ($fail != 0)
+      {
+        last;
+      }
+  }
+
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/basename.pl b/tests/misc/basename.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4be4949
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/basename.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test basename.
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+use File::stat;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $stat_single = stat('/');
+my $stat_double = stat('//');
+my $double_slash = ($stat_single->dev == $stat_double->dev
+                    && $stat_single->ino == $stat_double->ino) ? '/' : '//';
+
+my $prog = 'basename';
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['fail-1', {ERR => "$prog: missing operand\n"
+       . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}, {EXIT => '1'}],
+     ['fail-2', qw(a b c), {ERR => "$prog: extra operand 'c'\n"
+       . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}, {EXIT => '1'}],
+
+     ['a', qw(d/f),        {OUT => 'f'}],
+     ['b', qw(/d/f),       {OUT => 'f'}],
+     ['c', qw(d/f/),       {OUT => 'f'}],
+     ['d', qw(d/f//),      {OUT => 'f'}],
+     ['e', qw(f),          {OUT => 'f'}],
+     ['f', qw(/),          {OUT => '/'}],
+     ['g', qw(//),         {OUT => "$double_slash"}],
+     ['h', qw(///),        {OUT => '/'}],
+     ['i', qw(///a///),    {OUT => 'a'}],
+     ['j', qw(''),         {OUT => ''}],
+     ['k', qw(aa a),       {OUT => 'a'}],
+     ['l', qw(-a a b),     {OUT => "a\nb"}],
+     ['m', qw(-s a aa ba ab),  {OUT => "a\nb\nab"}],
+     ['n', qw(a-a -a),     {OUT => 'a'}],
+     ['1', qw(f.s .s),     {OUT => 'f'}],
+     ['2', qw(fs s),       {OUT => 'f'}],
+     ['3', qw(fs fs),      {OUT => 'fs'}],
+     ['4', qw(fs/ s),      {OUT => 'f'}],
+     ['5', qw(dir/file.suf .suf),      {OUT => 'file'}],
+     ['6', qw(// /),       {OUT => "$double_slash"}],
+     ['7', qw(// //),      {OUT => "$double_slash"}],
+     ['8', qw(fs x),       {OUT => 'fs'}],
+     ['9', qw(fs ''),      {OUT => 'fs'}],
+     ['10', qw(fs/ s/),    {OUT => 'fs'}],
+
+     # Exercise -z option.
+     ['z0', qw(-z a),       {OUT => "a\0"}],
+     ['z1', qw(--zero a),   {OUT => "a\0"}],
+     ['z2', qw(-za a b),    {OUT => "a\0b\0"}],
+     ['z3', qw(-z ba a),    {OUT => "b\0"}],
+     ['z4', qw(-z -s a ba), {OUT => "b\0"}],
+   );
+
+# Append a newline to end of each expected 'OUT' string.
+# Skip -z tests, i.e., those whose 'OUT' string has a trailing '\0'.
+my $t;
+foreach $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    my $arg1 = $t->[1];
+    my $e;
+    foreach $e (@$t)
+      {
+        $e->{OUT} = "$e->{OUT}\n"
+          if ref $e eq 'HASH' and exists $e->{OUT}
+            and not $e->{OUT} =~ /\0$/;
+      }
+  }
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{SAVE_TEMPS};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/basenc.pl b/tests/misc/basenc.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d324d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/basenc.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Exercise basenc.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# This test exercises the various encoding (other than base64/32).
+# It also does not test the general options (e.g. --wrap), as that code is
+# shared and tested in base64.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+my $prog = 'basenc';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+
+my $base64_in = "\x54\x0f\xdc\xf0\x0f\xaf\x4a";
+my $base64_out = "VA/c8A+vSg==";
+my $base64url_out = $base64_out;
+$base64url_out =~ y|+/|-_|;
+my $base64url_out_nl = $base64url_out;
+$base64url_out_nl =~ s/(..)/\1\n/g; # add newline every two characters
+
+
+# Bug 49741:
+# The input  is 'abc' in base64, in an 8K buffer (larger than 1024*5,
+# the buffer size which caused the bug).
+my $base64_bug49741_in = "YWJj" x 2000 ;
+my $base64_bug49741_out = "abc" x 2000 ;
+
+
+my $base32_in = "\xfd\xd8\x07\xd1\xa5";
+my $base32_out = "7XMAPUNF";
+my $x = $base32_out;
+$x =~ y|ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567|0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV|;
+my $base32hex_out = $x;
+
+# base32 with padding and newline
+my $base32_in2 = "\xFF\x00";
+my $base32_out2 = "74AA====";
+$x = $base32_out2;
+$x =~ y|ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567|0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV|;
+my $base32hex_out2 = $x;
+my $base32hex_out2_nl = $x;
+$base32hex_out2_nl =~ s/(...)/\1\n/g; # Add newline every 3 characters
+
+my $base16_in = "\xfd\xd8\x07\xd1\xa5";
+my $base16_out = "FDD807D1A5";
+
+my $z85_in = "\x86\x4F\xD2\x6F\xB5\x59\xF7\x5B";
+my $z85_out = 'HelloWorld';
+
+my $base2lsbf_ab = "1000011001000110";
+my $base2lsbf_ab_nl = $base2lsbf_ab;
+$base2lsbf_ab_nl =~ s/(...)/\1\n/g; # Add newline every 3 characters
+my $base2msbf_ab = "0110000101100010";
+my $base2msbf_ab_nl = $base2msbf_ab;
+$base2msbf_ab_nl =~ s/(...)/\1\n/g; # Add newline every 3 characters
+
+my $try_help = "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n";
+
+my @Tests =
+(
+ # These are mainly for higher coverage
+ ['help', '--help',        {IN=>''}, {OUT=>""}, {OUT_SUBST=>'s/.*//sm'}],
+
+ # Typical message is " unrecognized option '--foobar'", but on
+ # Open/NetBSD it is  " unknown option -- foobar".
+ ['error', '--foobar',     {IN=>''}, {OUT=>""}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: foobar\n" . $try_help },
+  {ERR_SUBST=>"s/(unrecognized|unknown) option [-' ]*foobar[' ]*/foobar/"}],
+
+ ['noenc', '',    {IN=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: missing encoding type\n" . $try_help }],
+
+ ['extra', '--base64 A B',  {IN=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: extra operand 'B'\n" . $try_help}],
+
+
+ ['empty1', '--base64',    {IN=>''}, {OUT=>""}],
+ ['empty2', '--base64url', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>""}],
+ ['empty3', '--base32',    {IN=>''}, {OUT=>""}],
+ ['empty4', '--base32hex', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>""}],
+ ['empty5', '--base16',    {IN=>''}, {OUT=>""}],
+ ['empty6', '--base2msbf', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>""}],
+ ['empty7', '--base2lsbf', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>""}],
+ ['empty8', '--z85',       {IN=>''}, {OUT=>""}],
+
+
+
+
+ ['b64_1',  '--base64',       {IN=>$base64_in},     {OUT=>$base64_out}],
+ ['b64_2',  '--base64 -d',    {IN=>$base64_out},    {OUT=>$base64_in}],
+ ['b64_3',  '--base64 -d -i', {IN=>'&'.$base64_out},{OUT=>$base64_in}],
+
+ ['b64u_1', '--base64url',       {IN=>$base64_in},       {OUT=>$base64url_out}],
+ ['b64u_2', '--base64url -d',  {IN=>$base64url_out},        {OUT=>$base64_in}],
+ ['b64u_3', '--base64url -di', {IN=>'&'.$base64url_out}   , {OUT=>$base64_in}],
+ ['b64u_4', '--base64url -di', {IN=>'/'.$base64url_out.'+'},{OUT=>$base64_in}],
+ ['b64u_5', '--base64url -d',  {IN=>$base64url_out_nl},     {OUT=>$base64_in}],
+ ['b64u_6', '--base64url -di', {IN=>$base64url_out_nl},     {OUT=>$base64_in}],
+ # ensure base64url fails to decode base64 input with "+" and "/"
+ ['b64u_7', '--base64url -d',  {IN=>$base64_out},
+  {EXIT=>1},  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+
+ ['b64_bug49741', '--base64 -d',  {IN=>$base64_bug49741_in},
+  {OUT=>$base64_bug49741_out}],
+
+
+
+ ['b32_1',  '--base32',       {IN=>$base32_in},     {OUT=>$base32_out}],
+ ['b32_2',  '--base32 -d',    {IN=>$base32_out},    {OUT=>$base32_in}],
+ ['b32_3',  '--base32 -d -i', {IN=>'&'.$base32_out},{OUT=>$base32_in}],
+ ['b32_4',  '--base32',       {IN=>$base32_in2},    {OUT=>$base32_out2}],
+ ['b32_5',  '--base32 -d',    {IN=>$base32_out2},   {OUT=>$base32_in2}],
+ ['b32_6',  '--base32 -d -i', {IN=>$base32_out2},   {OUT=>$base32_in2}],
+
+
+
+ ['b32h_1', '--base32hex',       {IN=>$base32_in},      {OUT=>$base32hex_out}],
+ ['b32h_2', '--base32hex -d',    {IN=>$base32hex_out}, {OUT=>$base32_in}],
+ ['b32h_3', '--base32hex -d -i', {IN=>'/'.$base32hex_out}, {OUT=>$base32_in}],
+ ['b32h_4', '--base32hex -d -i', {IN=>'W'.$base32hex_out}, {OUT=>$base32_in}],
+ ['b32h_5', '--base32hex -d',    {IN=>$base32hex_out.'W'}, , {OUT=>$base32_in},
+  {EXIT=>1},  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['b32h_6', '--base32hex -d',    {IN=>$base32hex_out.'/'}, {OUT=>$base32_in},
+  {EXIT=>1},  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['b32h_7',  '--base32hex',      {IN=>$base32_in2},     {OUT=>$base32hex_out2}],
+ ['b32h_8',  '--base32hex -d',   {IN=>$base32hex_out2},     {OUT=>$base32_in2}],
+ ['b32h_9',  '--base32hex -di',  {IN=>$base32hex_out2},     {OUT=>$base32_in2}],
+ ['b32h_10', '--base32hex -d',   {IN=>$base32hex_out2_nl},  {OUT=>$base32_in2}],
+ ['b32h_11', '--base32hex -di',  {IN=>$base32hex_out2_nl},  {OUT=>$base32_in2}],
+
+
+
+ ['b16_1', '--base16',        {IN=>$base16_in},       {OUT=>$base16_out}],
+ ['b16_2', '--base16 -d',     {IN=>$base16_out},      {OUT=>$base16_in}],
+ ['b16_3', '--base16 -d -i',  {IN=>'&'. $base16_out}, {OUT=>$base16_in}],
+ ['b16_4', '--base16 -d -i',  {IN=>$base16_out.'G'},  {OUT=>$base16_in}],
+ ['b16_5', '--base16 -d',     {IN=>'.'}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['b16_6', '--base16 -d',     {IN=>'='}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['b16_7', '--base16 -d',     {IN=>'G'}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['b16_8', '--base16 -d',     {IN=>"AB\nCD"}, {OUT=>"\xAB\xCD"}],
+
+
+
+ ['b2m_1', '--base2m',        {IN=>"\xC1"},       {OUT=>"11000001"}],
+ ['b2m_2', '--base2m -d',     {IN=>'11000001'},   {OUT=>"\xC1"}],
+ ['b2m_3', '--base2m -d',     {IN=>"110\n00001"}, {OUT=>"\xC1"}],
+ ['b2m_4', '--base2m -di',    {IN=>"110x00001"},  {OUT=>"\xC1"}],
+ ['b2m_5', '--base2m -d',     {IN=>"110x00001"},  {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['b2m_6', '--base2m -d',     {IN=>"11000001x"},  {OUT=>"\xC1"}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['b2m_7', '--base2m -d',     {IN=>"1"},      {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['b2m_8', '--base2m -d',     {IN=>"1000100"}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['b2m_9', '--base2m -d',     {IN=>"100010000000000"}, {OUT=>"\x88"}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['b2m_10','--base2m',        {IN=>"ab"},       {OUT=>$base2msbf_ab}],
+ ['b2m_11','--base2m -d',     {IN=>$base2msbf_ab},     {OUT=>"ab"}],
+ ['b2m_12','--base2m -d',     {IN=>$base2msbf_ab_nl},  {OUT=>"ab"}],
+
+
+ ['b2l_1', '--base2l',        {IN=>"\x83"},       {OUT=>"11000001"}],
+ ['b2l_2', '--base2l -d',     {IN=>'11000001'},   {OUT=>"\x83"}],
+ ['b2l_3', '--base2l -d',     {IN=>"110\n00001"}, {OUT=>"\x83"}],
+ ['b2l_4', '--base2l -di',    {IN=>"110x00001"},  {OUT=>"\x83"}],
+ ['b2l_5', '--base2l -d',     {IN=>"110x00001"},  {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['b2l_6', '--base2l -d',     {IN=>"11000001x"},  {OUT=>"\x83"}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['b2l_7', '--base2l -d',     {IN=>"1"},      {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['b2l_8', '--base2l -d',     {IN=>"1000100"}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['b2l_9', '--base2l -d',     {IN=>"100010000000000"}, {OUT=>"\x11"}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['b2l_10','--base2l',        {IN=>"ab"},       {OUT=>$base2lsbf_ab}],
+ ['b2l_11','--base2l -d',     {IN=>$base2lsbf_ab},     {OUT=>"ab"}],
+ ['b2l_12','--base2l -d',     {IN=>$base2lsbf_ab_nl},  {OUT=>"ab"}],
+
+
+
+
+
+ ['z85_1', '--z85',        {IN=>$z85_in},        {OUT=>$z85_out}],
+ ['z85_2', '--z85 -d',     {IN=>$z85_out},       {OUT=>$z85_in}],
+ ['z85_3', '--z85 -d -i',  {IN=>'~'. $z85_out},  {OUT=>$z85_in}],
+ ['z85_4', '--z85 -d -i',  {IN=>' '. $z85_out},  {OUT=>$z85_in}],
+ ['z85_5', '--z85 -d',     {IN=>'%j$qP'},  {OUT=>"\xFF\xDD\xBB\x99"}],
+ ['z85_6', '--z85 -d -i',  {IN=>'%j~$qP'}, {OUT=>"\xFF\xDD\xBB\x99"}],
+
+ # z85 encoding require input to be multiple of 5 octets
+ ['z85_7', '--z85 -d',  {IN=>'hello'},   {OUT=>"5jXu"}],
+ ['z85_8', '--z85 -d',  {IN=>'helloX'},  {OUT=>"5jXu"},  {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['z85_9', '--z85 -d',  {IN=>"he\nl\nlo"},   {OUT=>"5jXu"}],
+
+ # Invalid input characters (space ~ ")
+ ['z85_10', '--z85 -d',  {IN=>' j$qP'}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['z85_11', '--z85 -d',  {IN=>'%j$q~'}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['z85_12', '--z85 -d',  {IN=>'%j$"P'}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+
+ # Invalid length (binary input must be a multiple of 4 octets,
+ # z85-encoded input must be a multiple of 5 octets)
+ ['z85_20', '--z85',  {IN=>'A'}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input (length must be multiple of 4 characters)\n"}],
+ ['z85_21', '--z85',  {IN=>'AB'}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input (length must be multiple of 4 characters)\n"}],
+ ['z85_22', '--z85',  {IN=>'ABC'}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input (length must be multiple of 4 characters)\n"}],
+ ['z85_23', '--z85',  {IN=>'ABCD'}, {OUT=>'k%^}b'}],
+ ['z85_24', '--z85',  {IN=>'ABCDE'}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input (length must be multiple of 4 characters)\n"}],
+
+ ['z85_30', '--z85 -d',  {IN=>'A'}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['z85_31', '--z85 -d',  {IN=>'AB'}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['z85_32', '--z85 -d',  {IN=>'ABC'}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['z85_33', '--z85 -d',  {IN=>'ABCD'}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['z85_34', '--z85 -d',  {IN=>'ABCDE'}, {OUT=>"\x71\x61\x9e\xb6"}],
+ ['z85_35', '--z85 -d',  {IN=>'ABCDEF'},{OUT=>"\x71\x61\x9e\xb6"},
+  {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+
+ # largest possible value
+ ['z85_40', '--z85',    {IN=>"\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF"},{OUT=>"%nSc0"}],
+ ['z85_41', '--z85 -d', {IN=>"%nSc0"}, {OUT=>"\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF"}],
+ # Invalid encoded data - will decode to more than 0xFFFFFFFF
+ ['z85_42', '--z85 -d', {IN=>"%nSc1"}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['z85_43', '--z85 -d', {IN=>"%nSd0"}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['z85_44', '--z85 -d', {IN=>"%nTc0"}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['z85_45', '--z85 -d', {IN=>"%oSc0"}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['z85_46', '--z85 -d', {IN=>'$nSc0'}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+ ['z85_47', '--z85 -d', {IN=>'#0000'}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid input\n"}],
+);
+
+# Prepend the command line argument and append a newline to end
+# of each expected 'OUT' string.
+my $t;
+
+Test:
+foreach $t (@Tests)
+  {
+      foreach my $e (@$t)
+      {
+          ref $e && ref $e eq 'HASH' && defined $e->{OUT_SUBST}
+          and next Test;
+      }
+
+      push @$t, {OUT_SUBST=>'s/\n$//s'};
+  }
+
+
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/cat-E.sh b/tests/misc/cat-E.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..46d52bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/cat-E.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Copyright (C) 2021-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cat
+
+# \r followed by \n is displayed as ^M$
+# Up to and including 8.32 the $ would have displayed at the start of the line
+# overwriting the first character
+printf 'a\rb\r\nc\n\r\nd\r' > 'in' || framework_failure_
+printf 'a\rb^M$\nc$\n^M$\nd\r' > 'exp' || framework_failure_
+cat -E 'in' > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure \r\n spanning files (or buffers) is handled
+printf '1\r' > in2 || framework_failure_
+printf '\n2\r\n' > in2b || framework_failure_
+printf '1^M$\n2^M$\n' > 'exp' || framework_failure_
+cat -E 'in2' 'in2b' > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure \r at end of buffer is handled
+printf '1\r' > in2 || framework_failure_
+printf '2\r\n' > in2b || framework_failure_
+printf '1\r2^M$\n' > 'exp' || framework_failure_
+cat -E 'in2' 'in2b' > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/cat-buf.sh b/tests/misc/cat-buf.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e075d22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/cat-buf.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that cat outputs processed data immediately.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cat
+
+# Use a fifo rather than a pipe in the tests below
+# so that the producer (cat) will wait until the
+# consumer (dd) opens the fifo therefore increasing
+# the chance that dd will read the data from each
+# write separately.
+mkfifo_or_skip_ fifo
+
+# Terminate any background cp process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+echo 1 > exp
+
+cat_buf_1()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+
+  > out || framework_failure_
+  dd count=1 if=fifo > out & pid=$!
+  (echo 1; sleep $delay; echo 2) | cat -v > fifo
+  wait $pid
+  compare exp out
+}
+
+retry_delay_ cat_buf_1 .1 6 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/cat-proc.sh b/tests/misc/cat-proc.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..44dbe9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/cat-proc.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that cat -E produces same output as cat, modulo '$'s,
+# even when applied to a file in /proc.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cat
+
+
+f=/proc/cpuinfo
+test -f $f \
+  || skip_ "no $f"
+
+
+# Yes, parts of /proc/cpuinfo might change between cat runs.
+# If that happens, consider choosing a file that's less likely to change,
+# or just filter out the changing lines.  The sed filter should help
+# to avoid any spurious numeric differences.
+cat -E $f | sed 's/[0-9][0-9]*/D/g' | tr -d '$' > out || fail=1
+cat    $f | sed 's/[0-9][0-9]*/D/g' | tr -d '$' > exp || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/cat-self.sh b/tests/misc/cat-self.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cd3b9cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/cat-self.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Check that cat operates correctly when the input is the same as the output.
+
+# Copyright 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cat
+
+echo x >out || framework_failure_
+echo x >out1 || framework_failure_
+returns_ 1 cat out >>out || fail=1
+compare out out1 || fail=1
+
+# This example is taken from the POSIX spec for 'cat'.
+echo x >doc || framework_failure_
+echo y >doc.end || framework_failure_
+cat doc doc.end >doc || fail=1
+compare doc doc.end || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/chcon-fail.sh b/tests/misc/chcon-fail.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ddec41c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/chcon-fail.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that chcon fails when it should.
+# These tests don't use any actual SE Linux syscalls.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chcon
+
+
+# neither context nor file
+returns_ 1 chcon 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+
+# No file
+returns_ 1 chcon CON 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+
+# No file
+touch f
+returns_ 1 chcon --reference=f 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+
+# No file
+returns_ 1 chcon -u anyone 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/chcon.sh b/tests/misc/chcon.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..19ccb29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/chcon.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# exercise chcon
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chcon
+require_root_
+require_selinux_
+skip_if_mcstransd_is_running_
+mls_enabled_ || skip_ 'MLS is disabled'
+
+mkdir -p d/sub/s2 || framework_failure_
+touch f g d/sub/1 d/sub/2 || framework_failure_
+
+
+# Set to a specified context.
+# Use root:object_r:tmp_t:s0.  It is special in that
+# it works even when mcstransd isn't running.
+u1=root
+r1=object_r
+t1=tmp_t
+range=s0
+ctx=$u1:$r1:$t1:$range
+chcon $ctx f || skip_ "Failed to set context: $ctx"
+stat --printf='f|%C\n' f > out || fail=1
+
+# Use --reference.
+chcon --ref=f g || fail=1
+stat --printf='g|%C\n' g >> out || fail=1
+
+# Change the individual parts of the context, one by one.
+u2=user_u
+r2=object_r
+t2=unlabeled_t
+for i in --user=$u2 --role=$r2 --type=$t2 --range=$range; do
+  chcon $i f || fail=1
+  stat --printf="f|$i|"'%C\n' f >> out || fail=1
+done
+
+# Same, but change back using the short-named options.
+for i in -u$u1 -r$r1 -t$t1; do
+  chcon $i f || fail=1
+  stat --printf="f|$i|"'%C\n' f >> out || fail=1
+done
+
+cat <<EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+f|$ctx
+g|$ctx
+f|--user=$u2|$u2:$r1:$t1:$range
+f|--role=$r2|$u2:$r2:$t1:$range
+f|--type=$t2|$u2:$r2:$t2:$range
+f|--range=$range|$u2:$r2:$t2:$range
+f|-uroot|root:object_r:$t2:$range
+f|-robject_r|root:object_r:$t2:$range
+f|-ttmp_t|root:object_r:tmp_t:$range
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+chcon --verbose -u$u1 f > out || fail=1
+echo "changing security context of 'f'" > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/chroot-credentials.sh b/tests/misc/chroot-credentials.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fd7cc9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/chroot-credentials.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify that the credentials are changed correctly.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chroot
+
+require_root_
+
+EXIT_CANCELED=125
+
+grep '^#define HAVE_SETGROUPS 1' "$CONFIG_HEADER" >/dev/null \
+  && HAVE_SETGROUPS=1
+
+root=$(id -nu 0) || skip_ "Couldn't look up root username"
+
+# verify numeric IDs looked up similarly to names
+NON_ROOT_UID=$(id -u $NON_ROOT_USERNAME)
+NON_ROOT_GROUP=$NON_ROOT_GID # Used where we want name lookups to occur
+
+# "uid:" is supported (unlike chown etc.) since we treat it like "uid"
+chroot --userspec=$NON_ROOT_UID: / true || fail=1
+
+# verify that invalid groups are diagnosed
+for g in ' ' ',' '0trail'; do
+  returns_ $EXIT_CANCELED chroot --groups="$g" / id -G >invalid || fail=1
+  compare /dev/null invalid || fail=1
+done
+
+# Verify that root credentials are kept.
+test $(chroot / whoami) = "$root" || fail=1
+test "$(groups)" = "$(chroot / groups)" || fail=1
+
+# Verify that credentials are changed correctly.
+whoami_after_chroot=$(
+  chroot --userspec=$NON_ROOT_USERNAME:$NON_ROOT_GROUP / whoami
+)
+test "$whoami_after_chroot" != "$root" || fail=1
+
+# Verify that when specifying only a group we don't change the
+# list of supplemental groups
+test "$(chroot --userspec=:$NON_ROOT_GROUP / id -G)" = \
+     "$NON_ROOT_GID $(id -G)" || fail=1
+
+if ! test "$HAVE_SETGROUPS"; then
+  Exit $fail
+fi
+
+# Change all whitespaces to newlines, then sort the input.
+# Use for tests with more groups in 'id' output.
+num_sort() { tr -s ' ' '\n' | sort -n; }
+
+# Verify that there are no additional groups.
+id_G_after_chroot=$(
+  chroot --userspec=$NON_ROOT_USERNAME:$NON_ROOT_GROUP \
+    --groups=$NON_ROOT_GROUP / id -G
+)
+test "$id_G_after_chroot" = $NON_ROOT_GID || fail=1
+
+# Verify that when specifying only the user name we get all their groups
+test "$(chroot --userspec=$NON_ROOT_USERNAME / id -G | num_sort)" = \
+     "$(id -G $NON_ROOT_USERNAME | num_sort)" || fail=1
+
+# Ditto with trailing : on the user name.
+test "$(chroot --userspec=$NON_ROOT_USERNAME: / id -G | num_sort)" = \
+     "$(id -G $NON_ROOT_USERNAME | num_sort)" || fail=1
+
+# Verify that when specifying only the user and clearing supplemental groups
+# that we only get the primary group
+test "$(chroot --userspec=$NON_ROOT_USERNAME --groups='' / id -G)" = \
+     $NON_ROOT_GID || fail=1
+
+# Verify that when specifying only the UID we get all their groups
+test "$(chroot --userspec=$NON_ROOT_UID / id -G | num_sort)" = \
+     "$(id -G $NON_ROOT_USERNAME | num_sort)" || fail=1
+
+# Verify that when specifying only the user and clearing supplemental groups
+# that we only get the primary group. Note this variant with prepended '+'
+# results in no lookups in the name database which could be useful depending
+# on your chroot setup.
+test "$(chroot --userspec=+$NON_ROOT_UID:+$NON_ROOT_GID --groups='' / id -G)" =\
+     $NON_ROOT_GID || fail=1
+
+# Verify that when specifying only a group we get the current user ID
+test "$(chroot --userspec=:$NON_ROOT_GROUP / id -u)" = "$(id -u)" \
+  || fail=1
+
+# verify that arbitrary numeric IDs are supported
+test "$(chroot --userspec=1234:+5678 --groups=' +8765,4321' / id -G)" \
+  || fail=1
+
+# demonstrate that extraneous commas are supported
+test "$(chroot --userspec=1234:+5678 --groups=',8765,,4321,' / id -G)" \
+  || fail=1
+
+# demonstrate that --groups is not cumulative
+test "$(chroot --groups='invalid ignored' --groups='' / id -G)" \
+  || fail=1
+
+if ! id -u +12342; then
+  # Ensure supplemental groups cleared from some arbitrary unknown ID
+  test "$(chroot --userspec=+12342:+5678 / id -G)" = '5678' || fail=1
+
+  # Ensure we fail when we don't know what groups to set for an unknown ID
+  returns_ $EXIT_CANCELED chroot --userspec=+12342 / true || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/chroot-fail.sh b/tests/misc/chroot-fail.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..77df64f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/chroot-fail.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify that internal failure in chroot gives exact status.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chroot pwd
+
+# These tests verify exact status of internal failure; since none of
+# them actually run a command, we don't need root privileges
+returns_ 125 chroot || fail=1 # missing argument
+returns_ 125 chroot --- / true || fail=1 # unknown option
+
+# chroot("/") succeeds for non-root users on some systems, but not all.
+if chroot / true ; then
+  can_chroot_root=1
+  returns_ 2 chroot / sh -c 'exit 2' || fail=1 # exit status propagation
+  returns_ 126 chroot / .  || fail=1# invalid command
+  returns_ 127 chroot / no_such || fail=1 # no such command
+else
+  test $? = 125 || fail=1
+  can_chroot_root=0
+fi
+
+# Ensure that --skip-chdir fails with a non-"/" argument.
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+chroot: option --skip-chdir only permitted if NEWROOT is old '/'
+Try 'chroot --help' for more information.
+EOF
+chroot --skip-chdir . env pwd >out 2>err && fail=1
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+compare exp err || fail=1
+
+# Ensure we chdir("/") appropriately when NEWROOT is old "/".
+if test $can_chroot_root = 1; then
+  ln -s / isroot || framework_failure_
+  for dir in '/' '/.' '/../' isroot; do
+    # Verify that chroot(1) succeeds and performs chdir("/")
+    # (chroot(1) of coreutils-8.23 failed to run the latter).
+    curdir=$(chroot "$dir" env pwd) || fail=1
+    test "$curdir" = '/' || fail=1
+
+    # Test the "--skip-chdir" option.
+    curdir=$(chroot --skip-chdir "$dir" env pwd) || fail=1
+    test "$curdir" = '/' && fail=1
+  done
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/cksum-a.sh b/tests/misc/cksum-a.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..34b6d4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/cksum-a.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Validate cksum --algorithm operation
+
+# Copyright (C) 2021-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cksum
+
+cat > input_options <<\EOF || framework_failure_
+bsd     sum -r
+sysv    sum -s
+crc     cksum
+md5     md5sum -t
+sha1    sha1sum -t
+sha224  sha224sum -t
+sha256  sha256sum -t
+sha384  sha384sum -t
+sha512  sha512sum -t
+blake2b b2sum -t
+EOF
+
+while read algo prog; do
+  $prog /dev/null >> out || continue
+  cksum --untagged --algorithm=$algo /dev/null > out-c || fail=1
+
+  case "$algo" in
+    bsd) ;;
+    sysv) ;;
+    crc) ;;
+    *) cksum --check --algorithm=$algo out-c || fail=1 ;;
+  esac
+
+  cat out-c >> out-a || framework_failure_
+done < input_options
+compare out out-a || fail=1
+
+# Ensure --check not allowed with older (non tagged) algorithms
+returns_ 1 cksum -a bsd --check </dev/null || fail=1
+
+# Ensure abbreviations not supported for algorithm selection
+returns_ 1 cksum -a sha22 </dev/null || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/cksum-c.sh b/tests/misc/cksum-c.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c342ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/cksum-c.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Validate cksum --check dynamic operation
+
+# Copyright (C) 2021-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cksum shuf
+
+shuf -i 1-10 > input || framework_failure_
+
+for args in '-a sha384' '-a blake2b' '-a blake2b -l 384' '-a sm3'; do
+  cksum $args 'input' >> CHECKSUMS || fail=1
+done
+cksum --strict --check CHECKSUMS || fail=1
+
+# Ensure leading whitespace and \ ignored
+sed 's/^/ \\/' CHECKSUMS | cksum --strict -c || fail=1
+
+# Check common signed checksums format works in non strict mode
+cat >> signed_CHECKSUMS <<\EOF
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA384
+
+# ignored comment
+EOF
+cat CHECKSUMS >> signed_CHECKSUMS
+cat >> signed_input <<\EOF
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+# Note base64 doesn't have ambiguous delimiters in its charset
+SHA384+BCAAdFiEEjFummQvbJuGfKhqAEWGuaUVxmjkFAmCDId0ACgkQEWGuaUVx
+BLAKE2b/00001EuON62pTEnqrJ5lav61QxRByiuDp/6VODrRL2JWM6Stxu1Myws=
+=AWU7
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
+EOF
+cksum --check signed_CHECKSUMS || fail=1
+
+# Can check individual digests in a mixed file
+cksum --check -a sm3 CHECKSUMS || fail=1
+
+# Checks against older (non hex) checksum formats not supported
+returns_ 1 cksum -a crc -c CHECKSUMS || fail=1
+cksum -a crc 'input' > CHECKSUMS.crc || fail=1
+returns_ 1 cksum -c CHECKSUMS.crc || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/cksum.sh b/tests/misc/cksum.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..da7e4d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/cksum.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Validate cksum operation
+
+# Copyright (C) 2020-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cksum printf
+
+returns_ 1 cksum missing || fail=1
+
+{
+  for offset in $(seq -1 6); do
+    env printf $(env printf '\\%03o' $(seq 0 $offset));
+    env printf $(env printf '\\%03o' $(seq 0 255));
+  done
+} > in || framework_failure_
+
+cksum in > out || fail=1
+printf '%s\n' '4097727897 2077 in' > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Make sure crc is correct for files larger than 128 bytes (4 fold pclmul)
+{
+  env printf $(env printf '\\%03o' $(seq 0 130));
+} > in || framework_failure_
+
+cksum in > out || fail=1
+printf '%s\n' '3800919234 131 in' > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Make sure crc is correct for files larger than 32 bytes
+# but <128 bytes (1 fold pclmul)
+{
+  env printf $(env printf '\\%03o' $(seq 0 64));
+} > in || framework_failure_
+
+cksum in > out || fail=1
+printf '%s\n' '796287823 65 in' > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Make sure crc is still handled correctly when next 65k buffer is read
+# (>32 bytes more than 65k)
+{
+  seq 1 12780
+} > in || framework_failure_
+
+cksum in > out || fail=1
+printf '%s\n' '3720986905 65574 in' > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Make sure crc is still handled correctly when next 65k buffer is read
+# (>=128 bytes more than 65k)
+{
+  seq 1 12795
+} > in || framework_failure_
+
+cksum in > out || fail=1
+printf '%s\n' '4278270357 65664 in' > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/close-stdout.sh b/tests/misc/close-stdout.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..38b4038
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/close-stdout.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that several programs work fine, even with stdout initially closed.
+# This is effectively a test of closeout.c's close_stdout function.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+p=$abs_top_builddir
+
+
+# Ensure these exit successfully, even though stdout is closed,
+# because they generate no output.
+touch a
+cp a b >&- || fail=1
+test -f b || fail=1
+chmod o-w . >&- || fail=1
+ln a c >&- || fail=1
+rm c >&- || fail=1
+mkdir d >&- || fail=1
+mv d e >&- || fail=1
+rmdir e >&- || fail=1
+touch e >&- || fail=1
+sleep 0 >&- || fail=1
+"$p/src/true" >&- || fail=1
+"$p/src/printf" '' >&- || fail=1
+
+# If >&- works, ensure these fail, because stdout is closed and they
+# *do* generate output.  >&- apparently does not work in HP-UX 11.23.
+# This test is ineffective unless /dev/stdout also works.
+if "$p/src/test" -w /dev/stdout >/dev/null &&
+   "$p/src/test" ! -w /dev/stdout >&-; then
+  returns_ 1 "$p/src/printf" 'foo' >&- 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+  returns_ 1 cp --verbose a b >&- 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+  rm -Rf tmpfile-?????? || fail=1
+  returns_ 1 mktemp tmpfile-XXXXXX >&- 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+  returns_ 1 mktemp tmpfile-XXXXXX -q >&- 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+  case $(echo tmpfile-??????) in 'tmpfile-??????') ;; *) fail=1 ;; esac
+fi
+
+# Likewise for /dev/full, if /dev/full works.
+if test -w /dev/full && test -c /dev/full; then
+  returns_ 1 "$p/src/printf" 'foo' >/dev/full 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+  returns_ 1 cp --verbose a b >/dev/full 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+  rm -Rf tmpdir-?????? || fail=1
+  returns_ 1 mktemp -d tmpdir-XXXXXX >/dev/full 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+  returns_ 1 mktemp -d -q tmpdir-XXXXXX >/dev/full 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+  case $(echo tmpfile-??????) in 'tmpfile-??????') ;; *) fail=1 ;; esac
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/comm.pl b/tests/misc/comm.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..73e8c37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/comm.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# -*- perl -*-
+# Test comm
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+require 5.003;
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+my $prog = 'comm';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's ouput.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my @inputs = ({IN=>{a=>"1\n3\n3\n3"}}, {IN=>{b=>"2\n2\n3\n3\n3"}});
+my @zinputs = ({IN=>{za=>"1\0003\0003\0003"}},
+               {IN=>{zb=>"2\0002\0003\0003\0003"}});
+
+my @Tests =
+  (
+   # basic operation
+   ['basic', @inputs, {OUT=>"1\n\t2\n\t2\n\t\t3\n\t\t3\n\t\t3\n"} ],
+   ['zbasic', '-z', @zinputs, {OUT=>"1\0\t2\0\t2\0\t\t3\0\t\t3\0\t\t3\0"} ],
+
+   # suppress lines unique to file 1
+   ['opt-1', '-1', @inputs, {OUT=>"2\n2\n\t3\n\t3\n\t3\n"} ],
+   ['zopt-1', '-z', '-1', @zinputs, {OUT=>"2\0002\000\t3\000\t3\000\t3\000"} ],
+
+   # suppress lines unique to file 2
+   ['opt-2', '-2', @inputs, {OUT=>"1\n\t3\n\t3\n\t3\n"} ],
+   ['zopt-2', '-z', '-2', @zinputs, {OUT=>"1\000\t3\000\t3\000\t3\000"} ],
+
+   # suppress lines that appear in both files
+   ['opt-3', '-3', @inputs, {OUT=>"1\n\t2\n\t2\n"} ],
+   ['zopt-3', '-z', '-3', @zinputs, {OUT=>"1\000\t2\000\t2\000"} ],
+
+   # suppress lines unique to file 1 and lines unique to file 2
+   ['opt-12', '-1', '-2', @inputs, {OUT=>"3\n3\n3\n"} ],
+   ['zopt-12', '-12z', @zinputs, {OUT=>"3\0003\0003\000"} ],
+
+   # suppress lines unique to file 1 and those that appear in both files
+   ['opt-13', '-1', '-3', @inputs, {OUT=>"2\n2\n"} ],
+   ['zopt-13', '-13z', @zinputs, {OUT=>"2\0002\000"} ],
+
+   # suppress lines unique to file 2 and those that appear in both files
+   ['opt-23', '-2', '-3', @inputs, {OUT=>"1\n"} ],
+   ['zopt-23', '-23z', @zinputs, {OUT=>"1\000"} ],
+
+   # suppress all output
+   ['opt-123', '-1', '-2', '-3', @inputs, {OUT=>""} ],
+
+   # show summary: 1 only in file1, 2 only in file2, 3 in both files
+   ['total-all', '--total', @inputs, {OUT=>"1\n\t2\n\t2\n\t\t3\n\t\t3\n\t\t3\n"
+     . "1\t2\t3\ttotal\n"} ],
+
+   # show summary only, suppressing regular output
+   ['total-123', '--total', '-123', @inputs, {OUT=>"1\t2\t3\ttotal\n"} ],
+
+   # invalid missing command line argument (1)
+   ['missing-arg1', $inputs[0], {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR => "$prog: missing operand after 'a'\n"
+        . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}],
+
+   # invalid missing command line argument (both)
+   ['missing-arg2', {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR => "$prog: missing operand\n"
+        . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}],
+
+   # invalid extra command line argument
+   ['extra-arg', @inputs, 'no-such', {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR => "$prog: extra operand 'no-such'\n"
+        . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}],
+
+   # out-of-order input
+   ['ooo', {IN=>{a=>"1\n3"}}, {IN=>{b=>"3\n2"}}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {OUT => "1\n\t\t3\n\t2\n"},
+    {ERR => "$prog: file 2 is not in sorted order\n"
+          . "$prog: input is not in sorted order\n"}],
+
+   # out-of-order input, fatal
+   ['ooo2', '--check-order', {IN=>{a=>"1\n3"}}, {IN=>{b=>"3\n2"}}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {OUT => "1\n\t\t3\n"},
+    {ERR => "$prog: file 2 is not in sorted order\n"}],
+
+   # out-of-order input, ignored
+   ['ooo3', '--nocheck-order', {IN=>{a=>"1\n3"}}, {IN=>{b=>"3\n2"}},
+    {OUT => "1\n\t\t3\n\t2\n"}],
+
+   # both inputs out-of-order
+   ['ooo4', {IN=>{a=>"3\n1\n0"}}, {IN=>{b=>"3\n2\n0"}}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {OUT => "\t\t3\n1\n0\n\t2\n\t0\n"},
+    {ERR => "$prog: file 1 is not in sorted order\n".
+            "$prog: file 2 is not in sorted order\n"
+          . "$prog: input is not in sorted order\n"}],
+
+   # both inputs out-of-order on last pair
+   ['ooo5', {IN=>{a=>"3\n1"}}, {IN=>{b=>"3\n2"}}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {OUT => "\t\t3\n1\n\t2\n"},
+    {ERR => "$prog: file 1 is not in sorted order\n".
+            "$prog: file 2 is not in sorted order\n"
+          . "$prog: input is not in sorted order\n"}],
+
+   # first input out-of-order extended
+   ['ooo5b', {IN=>{a=>"0\n3\n1"}}, {IN=>{b=>"2\n3"}}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {OUT => "0\n\t2\n\t\t3\n1\n"},
+    {ERR => "$prog: file 1 is not in sorted order\n"
+          . "$prog: input is not in sorted order\n"}],
+
+   # second input out-of-order extended
+   ['ooo5c', {IN=>{a=>"0\n3"}}, {IN=>{b=>"2\n3\n1"}}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {OUT => "0\n\t2\n\t\t3\n\t1\n"},
+    {ERR => "$prog: file 2 is not in sorted order\n"
+          . "$prog: input is not in sorted order\n"}],
+
+   # both inputs out-of-order, but fully pairable
+   ['ooo6', {IN=>{a=>"2\n1\n0"}}, {IN=>{b=>"2\n1\n0"}}, {EXIT=>0},
+    {OUT => "\t\t2\n\t\t1\n\t\t0\n"}],
+
+   # both inputs out-of-order, fully pairable, but forced to fail
+   ['ooo7', '--check-order', {IN=>{a=>"2\n1\n0"}}, {IN=>{b=>"2\n1\n0"}},
+    {EXIT=>1},
+    {OUT => "\t\t2\n"},
+    {ERR => "$prog: file 1 is not in sorted order\n"}],
+
+   # out-of-order, line 2 is a prefix of line 1
+   # until coreutils-7.2, this test would fail -- no disorder detected
+   ['ooo-prefix', '--check-order', {IN=>{a=>"Xa\nX\n"}}, {IN=>{b=>""}},
+    {EXIT=>1},
+    {OUT => "Xa\n"},
+    {ERR => "$prog: file 1 is not in sorted order\n"}],
+
+   # alternate delimiter: ','
+   ['delim-comma', '--output-delimiter=,', @inputs,
+    {OUT=>"1\n,2\n,2\n,,3\n,,3\n,,3\n"} ],
+
+   # two-character alternate delimiter: '++'
+   ['delim-2char', '--output-delimiter=++', @inputs,
+    {OUT=>"1\n++2\n++2\n++++3\n++++3\n++++3\n"} ],
+
+   # NUL delimiter
+   ['delim-empty', '--output-delimiter=', @inputs,
+    {OUT=>"1\n\0002\n\0002\n\000\0003\n\000\0003\n\000\0003\n"} ],
+   ['zdelim-empty', '-z', '-z --output-delimiter=', @zinputs,
+    {OUT=>"1\000\0002\000\0002\000\000\0003\000\000\0003\000\000\0003\000"} ],
+
+   # invalid dual delimiter
+   ['delim-dual', '--output-delimiter=,', '--output-delimiter=+', @inputs,
+    {EXIT=>1}, {ERR => "$prog: multiple output delimiters specified\n"}],
+
+   # valid dual delimiter specification
+   ['delim-dual2', '--output-delimiter=,', '--output-delimiter=,', @inputs,
+    {OUT=>"1\n,2\n,2\n,,3\n,,3\n,,3\n"} ],
+
+   # show summary, zero-terminated
+   ['totalz-all', '--total', '-z', @zinputs,
+    {OUT=>"1\000\t2\000\t2\000\t\t3\000\t\t3\000\t\t3\000"
+        . "1\t2\t3\ttotal\000"} ],
+
+   # show summary only (-123), zero-terminated and with ',' as delimiter
+   ['totalz-123', '--total', '-z123', '--output-delimiter=,', @zinputs,
+    {OUT=>"1,2,3,total\000"} ],
+ );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/coreutils.sh b/tests/misc/coreutils.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8bdd6b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/coreutils.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify behavior of separate coreutils multicall binary
+
+# Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ coreutils
+
+test -s "$abs_top_builddir/src/coreutils.h" \
+ || skip_ "multicall binary is disabled"
+
+# Yes outputs all its params so is good to verify argv manipulations
+echo 'y' > exp
+coreutils --coreutils-prog=yes | head -n10 | uniq > out
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure if incorrect program passed, we diagnose
+echo "coreutils: unknown program 'blah'" > exp
+coreutils --coreutils-prog='blah' --help 2>err && fail=1
+compare exp err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/csplit-1000.sh b/tests/misc/csplit-1000.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..36c32b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/csplit-1000.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# cause a 1-byte heap buffer overrun
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ csplit
+
+# Before coreutils-8.7, this would overrun the 6-byte filename_space buffer.
+# It's hard to detect that without using valgrind, so here, we simply
+# run the demonstrator.
+seq 1000 | csplit - '/./' '{*}' || fail=1
+test -f xx1000 || fail=1
+test -f xx1001 && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/csplit-heap.sh b/tests/misc/csplit-heap.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..326374f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/csplit-heap.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that csplit uses a bounded amount of memory
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ csplit
+
+# Determine basic amount of memory needed.
+{ echo y; echo n; } > f || framework_failure_
+vm=$(get_min_ulimit_v_ csplit -z f %n%1) \
+  || skip_ "this shell lacks ulimit support"
+
+(
+ ulimit -v $(($vm + 1000)) \
+   && { yes | head -n2500000; echo n; } | csplit -z - %n%1
+) || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/csplit-io-err.sh b/tests/misc/csplit-io-err.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9ad00bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/csplit-io-err.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure we handle i/o errors correctly in csplit
+
+# Copyright (C) 2015-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ csplit
+require_gcc_shared_
+
+if ! test -w /dev/full || ! test -c /dev/full; then
+  skip_ '/dev/full is required'
+fi
+
+# Ensure error messages are in English
+LC_ALL=C
+export LC_ALL
+
+# Replace fwrite and ferror, always returning an error
+cat > k.c <<'EOF' || framework_failure_
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#undef fwrite
+#undef fwrite_unlocked
+
+size_t
+fwrite (const void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nitems, FILE *stream)
+{
+  if (stream == stderr)
+    {
+      /* Perform the normal operation of fwrite.  */
+      const char *p = ptr;
+      size_t count = size * nitems;
+      size_t i;
+      for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+        if (putc ((unsigned char) *p++, stream) == EOF)
+          break;
+      return i / size;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      fclose (fopen ("preloaded","w")); /* marker for preloaded interception */
+      errno = ENOSPC;
+      return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+size_t
+fwrite_unlocked (const void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nitems, FILE *stream)
+{
+  return fwrite (ptr, size, nitems, stream);
+}
+EOF
+
+# Get the wording of the OS-dependent ENOSPC message
+returns_ 1 seq 1 >/dev/full 2>msgt || framework_failure_
+sed 's/seq: write error: //' msgt > msg || framework_failure_
+
+# Create the expected error message
+{ printf "%s" "csplit: write error for 'xx01': " ; cat msg ; } > exp \
+  || framework_failure_
+
+# compile/link the interception shared library:
+gcc_shared_ k.c k.so \
+  || skip_ 'failed to build forced-fwrite-failure shared library'
+
+# Split the input, and force fwrite() failure -
+# the 'csplit' command should fail with exit code 1
+# (checked with 'returns_ 1 ... || fail=1')
+seq 10 |
+(export LD_PRELOAD=$LD_PRELOAD:./k.so
+ returns_ 1 csplit - 1 4 2>out) || fail=1
+
+test -e preloaded || skip_ 'LD_PRELOAD interception failed'
+
+# Ensure we got the expected error message
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/csplit-suppress-matched.pl b/tests/misc/csplit-suppress-matched.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..58a88ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/csplit-suppress-matched.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+my $limits = getlimits ();
+
+my $prog = 'csplit';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+# Input from 'seq 6'
+my $IN_SEQ_6 =<<EOF;
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+EOF
+
+# Input from a possible run of 'uniq --group'
+# (groups separated by empty lines)
+my $IN_UNIQ =<<EOF;
+a
+a
+YY
+
+XX
+b
+b
+YY
+
+XX
+c
+YY
+
+XX
+d
+d
+d
+EOF
+
+# Standard Coreutils::run_tests() structure, except the addition of
+# "OUTPUTS" array, containing the expected content of the output files.
+# See code below for conversion into PRE/CMP/POST checks.
+my @csplit_tests =
+(
+  # without --suppress-matched,
+  # the newline (matched line) appears in the output files
+  ["re-base", "-q - '/^\$/' '{*}'", {IN_PIPE => $IN_UNIQ},
+    {OUTPUTS => [ "a\na\nYY\n", "\nXX\nb\nb\nYY\n","\nXX\nc\nYY\n",
+                  "\nXX\nd\nd\nd\n" ] }],
+
+  # the newline (matched line) does not appear in the output files
+  ["re-1", " --suppress-matched -q - '/^\$/' '{*}'", {IN_PIPE => $IN_UNIQ},
+    {OUTPUTS => ["a\na\nYY\n", "XX\nb\nb\nYY\n", "XX\nc\nYY\n",
+                 "XX\nd\nd\nd\n"]}],
+
+  # the 'XX' (matched line + offset 1) does not appear in the output files.
+  # the newline appears in the files (before each split, at the end of the file)
+  ["re-2", "--suppress-matched -q - '/^\$/1' '{*}'", {IN_PIPE => $IN_UNIQ},
+    {OUTPUTS => ["a\na\nYY\n\n","b\nb\nYY\n\n","c\nYY\n\n","d\nd\nd\n"]}],
+
+  # the 'YY' (matched line + offset of -1) does not appear in the output files
+  # the newline appears in the files (as the first line of the new split)
+  ["re-3", " --suppress-matched -q - '/^\$/-1' '{*}'", {IN_PIPE => $IN_UNIQ},
+    {OUTPUTS => ["a\na\n", "\nXX\nb\nb\n", "\nXX\nc\n", "\nXX\nd\nd\nd\n"]}],
+
+  # the last matched line for a non infinite match repetition is suppressed.
+  # Up to and including coreutils 8.32, the last match was output.
+  ["re-4", " --suppress-matched -q - '/^\$/' '{2}'", {IN_PIPE => $IN_UNIQ},
+    {OUTPUTS => ["a\na\nYY\n", "XX\nb\nb\nYY\n", "XX\nc\nYY\n",
+                 "XX\nd\nd\nd\n"]}],
+
+  # Test two consecutive matched lines
+  # without suppress-matched, the second file should contain a single newline.
+  ["re-4.1", "-q - '/^\$/' '{*}'", {IN_PIPE => "a\n\n\nb\n"},
+    {OUTPUTS => [ "a\n", "\n", "\nb\n" ]}],
+  # suppress-matched will cause the second file to be empty.
+  ["re-4.2", "--suppress-match -q - '/^\$/' '{*}'", {IN_PIPE => "a\n\n\nb\n"},
+    {OUTPUTS => [ "a\n", "", "b\n" ]}],
+  # suppress-matched + elide-empty should output just two files.
+  ["re-4.3", "--suppress-match -zq - '/^\$/' '{*}'", {IN_PIPE => "a\n\n\nb\n"},
+    {OUTPUTS => [ "a\n", "b\n" ]}],
+
+
+  # Test a matched-line as the last line
+  # default: last file with newline should be created.
+  ["re-5.1", "-q - '/^\$/' '{*}'", {IN_PIPE => "a\n\nb\n\n"},
+    {OUTPUTS => [ "a\n", "\nb\n", "\n" ]}],
+  # suppress-matched - last empty files should be created.
+  ["re-5.2", "--suppress-match -q - '/^\$/' '{*}'", {IN_PIPE => "a\n\nb\n\n"},
+    {OUTPUTS => [ "a\n", "b\n", "" ]}],
+  # suppress-matched + elide-empty: just two files should be created.
+  ["re-5.3", "--suppress-match -zq - '/^\$/' '{*}'", {IN_PIPE => "a\n\nb\n\n"},
+    {OUTPUTS => [ "a\n", "b\n" ]}],
+
+  # without suppress-matched,
+  # the matched lines (2/4/6) appears in the output files
+  ["int-base",    '-q - 2 4 6', {IN_PIPE => $IN_SEQ_6},
+    {OUTPUTS => [ "1\n", "2\n3\n", "4\n5\n", "6\n" ]}],
+  # suppress matched - the matching lines (2/4/6) should not appear.
+  ["int-1", '--suppress-matched -q - 2 4 6', {IN_PIPE => $IN_SEQ_6},
+    {OUTPUTS => [ "1\n", "3\n", "5\n", "" ]}],
+  # suppress matched + elide-empty
+  ["int-2", '--suppress-matched -zq - 2 4 6', {IN_PIPE => $IN_SEQ_6},
+    {OUTPUTS => [ "1\n", "3\n", "5\n" ]}],
+);
+
+
+
+=pod
+The following loop translate the above @Tests to a Cureutils::run_tests()
+compatible structure. It converts "OUTPUTS" key into "CMP" + "POST" keys:
+1. Each element in the OUTPUTS key is expected to be an output file
+   from csplit (named xx00, xx01, xx02...)
+   create a "CMP" key for each one, with the output and the filename.
+2. Add a "POST" key, ensuring no extra files have been created.
+   (e.g. if there are 4 expected outputs, xx00 to xx03,
+    ensure xx04 doesn't exist).
+3. Add a "PRE" key, deleting all existing 'xx*' files.
+
+Example:
+
+Before conversion:
+   my @csplit_tests =
+   (
+     ["1", '-z -q - 2 4 6',
+       {IN_PIPE => "1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n"},
+       {OUTPUTS => [ "1\n", "2\n3\n", "4\n5\n", "6\n" ],
+     ]
+   )
+
+After conversion:
+
+   my @csplit_tests =
+   (
+     ["1", '-z -q - 2 4 6',
+       {IN_PIPE => "1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n"},
+       {PRE => sub { unlink glob './xx??' ; }},
+       {CMP => ["1\n",    {'xx00'=> undef}]},
+       {CMP => ["2\n3\n", {'xx01'=> undef}]},
+       {CMP => ["4\n5\n", {'xx02'=> undef}]},
+       {CMP => ["6\n",    {'xx03'=> undef}]},
+       {POST => sub { die "extra file" if -e 'xx04'}},
+     ],
+    );
+=cut
+my @Tests;
+foreach my $t (@csplit_tests)
+  {
+    my ($test_name, $cmdline, @others) = @$t;
+    my $new_ent = [$test_name, $cmdline];
+
+    my $out_file_num = 0 ;
+
+    foreach my $e (@others)
+      {
+        die "Internal error: expecting a hash (e.g. IN_PIPE/OUTPUTS/ERR)" .
+            "in test '$test_name', got $e"
+            unless ref $e && (ref $e eq 'HASH');
+
+        my ($key, $value) = each %$e;
+        if ($key eq 'OUTPUTS')
+          {
+            # Convert each expected OUTPUT to a 'CMP' key.
+            foreach my $output (@$value)
+              {
+                my $filename = sprintf("xx%02d",$out_file_num++);
+                my $cmp = {CMP => [ $output, { $filename => undef}]};
+                push @$new_ent, $cmp;
+              }
+
+            # Add a 'POST' check
+            # Ensure no extra files have been created.
+            my $filename = sprintf("xx%02d",$out_file_num++);
+            my $post = { POST => sub { die "Test failed: an extraneous file " .
+                                "'$filename' has been created\n"
+                                if -e $filename; } } ;
+            push @$new_ent, $post;
+
+            # before running each test, cleanup the 'xx00' files
+            # from previous runs.
+            my $pre = { PRE => sub { unlink glob "./xx??"; } };
+            push @$new_ent, $pre;
+          }
+        else
+          {
+            # pass other entities as-is (e.g. OUT, ERR, OUT_SUBST, EXIT)
+            # run_tests() will know how to handle them.
+            push @$new_ent, $e;
+          }
+      }
+
+    push @Tests, $new_ent;
+  }
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($prog, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/csplit.sh b/tests/misc/csplit.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ab15e50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/csplit.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# various csplit tests
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ csplit
+
+
+# csplit could get a failed assertion to 2.0.17
+(echo a; echo; echo) > in
+csplit in '/^$/' 2 > out || fail=1
+cat <<EOF > exp
+2
+0
+2
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+rm -f in out exp
+
+# Ensure that xx02 contains just two newlines.
+# This would fail due to reading from freed buffer with coreutils-5.0.91.
+printf '\n\n' > exp
+cp xx02 out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+rm -f in out exp
+
+# csplit would infloop
+(echo; echo a) > in
+csplit in '/a/-1' '{*}' > out || fail=1
+cat <<EOF > exp
+0
+3
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+rm -f in out exp
+
+# 'echo |csplit - 1 1' used to abort.
+echo > in
+csplit in 1 1 > out 2> err || fail=1
+cat <<EOF > exp
+0
+0
+1
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > experr
+csplit: warning: line number '1' is the same as preceding line number
+EOF
+compare experr err || fail=1
+rm -f in out exp err experr
+
+# 'echo | csplit -b '%0#6.3x' - 1' incorrectly warned about the format
+# up through coreutils 8.6.
+echo > in
+csplit -b '%0#6.3x' in 1 > out 2> err || fail=1
+cat <<EOF > exp
+0
+1
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+touch experr
+compare experr err || fail=1
+compare 'xx   000' experr || fail=1
+compare 'xx 0x001' in || fail=1
+rm -f in out exp err experr xx*
+
+# make sure 'csplit FILE 0' fails.
+echo > in
+csplit in 0 > out 2> err && fail=1
+csplit in 2 1 > out 2>> err && fail=1
+csplit in 3 3 > out 2>> err && fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > experr
+csplit: 0: line number must be greater than zero
+csplit: line number '1' is smaller than preceding line number, 2
+csplit: warning: line number '3' is the same as preceding line number
+csplit: '3': line number out of range
+EOF
+compare experr err || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that lines longer than the initial buffer length don't cause
+# trouble (e.g. reading from freed memory, resulting in corrupt output).
+# This test failed at least in coreutils-5.2.1 and 5.3.0, and was fixed
+# in 5.3.1.
+rm -f in out exp err experr xx??
+printf 'x%8199s\nx\n%8199s\nx\n' x x > in
+csplit in '/x\{1\}/' '{*}' > /dev/null || fail=1
+cat xx?? | compare - in || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/cut-huge-range.sh b/tests/misc/cut-huge-range.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a235d6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/cut-huge-range.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that cut does not allocate mem for large ranges
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cut
+getlimits_
+
+vm=$(get_min_ulimit_v_ returns_ 0 cut -b1 /dev/null) \
+  || skip_ "this shell lacks ulimit support"
+
+# Ensure we can cut up to our sentinel value.
+# Don't use expr to subtract one,
+# since UINTMAX_MAX may exceed its maximum value.
+CUT_MAX=$(expr $UINTMAX_MAX - 1) || framework_failure_
+
+# From coreutils-8.10 through 8.20, this would make cut try to allocate
+# a 256MiB bit vector.
+(ulimit -v $vm && cut -b$CUT_MAX- /dev/null > err 2>&1) || fail=1
+
+# Up to and including coreutils-8.21, cut would allocate possibly needed
+# memory upfront.  Subsequently extra memory is no longer needed.
+(ulimit -v $vm && cut -b1-$CUT_MAX /dev/null >> err 2>&1) || fail=1
+
+# Explicitly disallow values above CUT_MAX
+(ulimit -v $vm && returns_ 1 cut -b$UINTMAX_MAX /dev/null 2>/dev/null) ||
+  fail=1
+(ulimit -v $vm && returns_ 1 cut -b$UINTMAX_OFLOW /dev/null 2>/dev/null) ||
+  fail=1
+
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/cut.pl b/tests/misc/cut.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c93d738
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/cut.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test "cut".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $ME = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $mb_locale = $ENV{LOCALE_FR_UTF8};
+! defined $mb_locale || $mb_locale eq 'none'
+  and $mb_locale = 'C';
+
+my $prog = 'cut';
+my $try = "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n";
+my $from_field1 = "$prog: fields are numbered from 1\n$try";
+my $from_pos1 =   "$prog: byte/character positions are numbered from 1\n$try";
+my $inval_fld = "$prog: invalid field range\n$try";
+my $inval_pos = "$prog: invalid byte or character range\n$try";
+my $no_endpoint = "$prog: invalid range with no endpoint: -\n$try";
+my $nofield = "$prog: an input delimiter may be specified only when " .
+              "operating on fields\n$try";
+
+my @Tests =
+ (
+  # Provoke a double-free in cut from coreutils-6.7.
+  ['dbl-free', '-f2-', {IN=>{f=>'x'}}, {IN=>{g=>'y'}}, {OUT=>"x\ny\n"}],
+
+  # This failed (as it should) even before coreutils-6.9.90,
+  # but cut from 6.9.90 produces a more useful diagnostic.
+  ['zero-1', '-b0',   {ERR=>$from_pos1}, {EXIT => 1} ],
+
+  # Up to coreutils-6.9, specifying a range of 0-2 was not an error.
+  # It was treated just like "-2".
+  ['zero-2', '-f0-2', {ERR=>$from_field1}, {EXIT => 1} ],
+
+  # Up to coreutils-8.20, specifying a range of 0- was not an error.
+  ['zero-3b', '-b0-', {ERR=>$from_pos1}, {EXIT => 1} ],
+  ['zero-3c', '-c0-', {ERR=>$from_pos1}, {EXIT => 1} ],
+  ['zero-3f', '-f0-', {ERR=>$from_field1}, {EXIT => 1} ],
+
+  ['1', '-d:', '-f1,3-', {IN=>"a:b:c\n"}, {OUT=>"a:c\n"}],
+  ['2', '-d:', '-f1,3-', {IN=>"a:b:c\n"}, {OUT=>"a:c\n"}],
+  ['3', qw(-d: -f2-), {IN=>"a:b:c\n"}, {OUT=>"b:c\n"}],
+  ['4', qw(-d: -f4), {IN=>"a:b:c\n"}, {OUT=>"\n"}],
+  ['5', qw(-d: -f4), {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}],
+  ['6', '-c4', {IN=>"123\n"}, {OUT=>"\n"}],
+  ['7', '-c4', {IN=>"123"}, {OUT=>"\n"}],
+  ['8', '-c4', {IN=>"123\n1"}, {OUT=>"\n\n"}],
+  ['9', '-c4', {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}],
+  ['a', qw(-s -d:), '-f3-', {IN=>"a:b:c\n"}, {OUT=>"c\n"}],
+  ['b', qw(-s -d:), '-f2,3', {IN=>"a:b:c\n"}, {OUT=>"b:c\n"}],
+  ['c', qw(-s -d:), '-f1,3', {IN=>"a:b:c\n"}, {OUT=>"a:c\n"}],
+  # Trailing colon should not be output
+  ['d', qw(-s -d:), '-f1,3', {IN=>"a:b:c:\n"}, {OUT=>"a:c\n"}],
+  ['e', qw(-s -d:), '-f3-', {IN=>"a:b:c:\n"}, {OUT=>"c:\n"}],
+  ['f', qw(-s -d:), '-f3-4', {IN=>"a:b:c:\n"}, {OUT=>"c:\n"}],
+  ['g', qw(-s -d:), '-f3,4', {IN=>"a:b:c:\n"}, {OUT=>"c:\n"}],
+  # Make sure -s suppresses non-delimited lines
+  ['h', qw(-s -d:), '-f2,3', {IN=>"abc\n"}, {OUT=>""}],
+  #
+  ['i', qw(-d: -f1-3), {IN=>":::\n"}, {OUT=>"::\n"}],
+  ['j', qw(-d: -f1-4), {IN=>":::\n"}, {OUT=>":::\n"}],
+  ['k', qw(-d: -f2-3), {IN=>":::\n"}, {OUT=>":\n"}],
+  ['l', qw(-d: -f2-4), {IN=>":::\n"}, {OUT=>"::\n"}],
+  ['m', qw(-s -d: -f1-3), {IN=>":::\n"}, {OUT=>"::\n"}],
+  ['n', qw(-s -d: -f1-4), {IN=>":::\n"}, {OUT=>":::\n"}],
+  ['o', qw(-s -d: -f2-3), {IN=>":::\n"}, {OUT=>":\n"}],
+  ['p', qw(-s -d: -f2-4), {IN=>":::\n"}, {OUT=>"::\n"}],
+  ['q', qw(-s -d: -f2-4), {IN=>":::\n:\n"}, {OUT=>"::\n\n"}],
+  ['r', qw(-s -d: -f2-4), {IN=>":::\n:1\n"}, {OUT=>"::\n1\n"}],
+  ['s', qw(-s -d: -f1-4), {IN=>":::\n:a\n"}, {OUT=>":::\n:a\n"}],
+  ['t', qw(-s -d: -f3-), {IN=>":::\n:1\n"}, {OUT=>":\n\n"}],
+  # Make sure it handles empty input properly, with and without -s.
+  ['u', qw(-s -f3-), {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}],
+  ['v', '-f3-', {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}],
+  # Make sure it handles empty input properly.
+  ['w', qw(-b 1), {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}],
+  ['x', qw(-s -d: -f2-4), {IN=>":\n"}, {OUT=>"\n"}],
+  # Errors
+  # -s may be used only with -f
+  ['y', qw(-s -b4), {IN=>":\n"}, {OUT=>""}, {EXIT=>1},
+   {ERR=>"$prog: suppressing non-delimited lines makes sense\n"
+    . "\tonly when operating on fields\n$try"}],
+  # You must specify bytes or fields (or chars)
+  ['z', '', {IN=>":\n"}, {OUT=>""}, {EXIT=>1},
+   {ERR=>"$prog: you must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fields\n$try"}
+  ],
+  # Empty field list
+  ['empty-fl', qw(-f ''), {IN=>":\n"}, {OUT=>""}, {EXIT=>1},
+   {ERR=>$from_field1}],
+  # Missing field list
+  ['missing-fl', qw(-f --), {IN=>":\n"}, {OUT=>""}, {EXIT=>1},
+   {ERR=>$inval_fld}],
+  # Empty byte list
+  ['empty-bl', qw(-b ''), {IN=>":\n"}, {OUT=>""}, {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>$from_pos1}],
+  # Missing byte list
+  ['missing-bl', qw(-b --), {IN=>":\n"}, {OUT=>""}, {EXIT=>1},
+   {ERR=>$inval_pos}],
+
+  # This test fails with cut from textutils-1.22.
+  ['empty-f1', '-f1', {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}],
+
+  ['empty-f2', '-f2', {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}],
+
+  ['o-delim', qw(-d: --out=_), '-f2,3', {IN=>"a:b:c\n"}, {OUT=>"b_c\n"}],
+  ['nul-idelim', qw(-d '' --out=_), '-f2,3', {IN=>"a\0b\0c\n"}, {OUT=>"b_c\n"}],
+  ['nul-odelim', qw(-d: --out=), '-f2,3', {IN=>"a:b:c\n"}, {OUT=>"b\0c\n"}],
+  ['multichar-od', qw(-d: --out=_._), '-f2,3', {IN=>"a:b:c\n"},
+   {OUT=>"b_._c\n"}],
+
+  # Ensure delim is not allowed without a field
+  # Prior to 8.21, a NUL delim was allowed without a field
+  ['delim-no-field1', qw(-d ''), '-b1', {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>$nofield}],
+  ['delim-no-field2', qw(-d:), '-b1', {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>$nofield}],
+
+  # Prior to 1.22i, you couldn't use a delimiter that would sign-extend.
+  ['8bit-delim', '-d', "\255", '--out=_', '-f2,3', {IN=>"a\255b\255c\n"},
+   {OUT=>"b_c\n"}],
+
+  # newline processing for fields
+  ['newline-1', '-f1-', {IN=>"a\nb"}, {OUT=>"a\nb\n"}],
+  ['newline-2', '-f1-', {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}],
+  ['newline-3', '-d:', '-f1', {IN=>"a:1\nb:2\n"}, {OUT=>"a\nb\n"}],
+  ['newline-4', '-d:', '-f1', {IN=>"a:1\nb:2"}, {OUT=>"a\nb\n"}],
+  ['newline-5', '-d:', '-f2', {IN=>"a:1\nb:2\n"}, {OUT=>"1\n2\n"}],
+  ['newline-6', '-d:', '-f2', {IN=>"a:1\nb:2"}, {OUT=>"1\n2\n"}],
+  ['newline-7', '-s', '-d:', '-f1', {IN=>"a:1\nb:2"}, {OUT=>"a\nb\n"}],
+  ['newline-8', '-s', '-d:', '-f1', {IN=>"a:1\nb:2\n"}, {OUT=>"a\nb\n"}],
+  ['newline-9', '-s', '-d:', '-f1', {IN=>"a1\nb2"}, {OUT=>""}],
+  ['newline-10', '-s', '-d:', '-f1,2', {IN=>"a:1\nb:2"}, {OUT=>"a:1\nb:2\n"}],
+  ['newline-11', '-s', '-d:', '-f1,2', {IN=>"a:1\nb:2\n"}, {OUT=>"a:1\nb:2\n"}],
+  ['newline-12', '-s', '-d:', '-f1', {IN=>"a:1\nb:"}, {OUT=>"a\nb\n"}],
+  ['newline-13', '-d:', '-f1-', {IN=>"a1:\n:"}, {OUT=>"a1:\n:\n"}],
+  # newline processing for fields when -d == '\n'
+  ['newline-14', "-d'\n'", '-f1', {IN=>"a:1\nb:"}, {OUT=>"a:1\n"}],
+  ['newline-15', '-s', "-d'\n'", '-f1', {IN=>"a:1\nb:"}, {OUT=>"a:1\n"}],
+  ['newline-16', '-s', "-d'\n'", '-f2', {IN=>"\nb"}, {OUT=>"b\n"}],
+  ['newline-17', '-s', "-d'\n'", '-f1', {IN=>"\nb"}, {OUT=>"\n"}],
+  ['newline-18', "-d'\n'", '-f2', {IN=>"\nb"}, {OUT=>"b\n"}],
+  ['newline-19', "-d'\n'", '-f1', {IN=>"\nb"}, {OUT=>"\n"}],
+  ['newline-20', '-s', "-d'\n'", '-f1-', {IN=>"\n"}, {OUT=>"\n"}],
+  ['newline-21', '-s', "-d'\n'", '-f1-', {IN=>"\nb"}, {OUT=>"\nb\n"}],
+  ['newline-22', "-d'\n'", '-f1-', {IN=>"\nb"}, {OUT=>"\nb\n"}],
+  ['newline-23', "-d'\n'", '-f1-', '--ou=:', {IN=>"a\nb\n"}, {OUT=>"a:b\n"}],
+  ['newline-24', "-d'\n'", '-f1,2', '--ou=:', {IN=>"a\nb\n"}, {OUT=>"a:b\n"}],
+
+  # --zero-terminated
+  ['zerot-1', "-z", '-c1', {IN=>"ab\0cd\0"}, {OUT=>"a\0c\0"}],
+  ['zerot-2', "-z", '-c1', {IN=>"ab\0cd"}, {OUT=>"a\0c\0"}],
+  ['zerot-3', '-z -f1-', {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}],
+  ['zerot-4', '-z -d:', '-f1', {IN=>"a:1\0b:2"}, {OUT=>"a\0b\0"}],
+  ['zerot-5', '-z -d:', '-f1-', {IN=>"a1:\0:"}, {OUT=>"a1:\0:\0"}],
+  ['zerot-6', "-z -d ''", '-f1,2', '--ou=:', {IN=>"a\0b\0"}, {OUT=>"a:b\0"}],
+
+  # New functionality:
+  ['out-delim1', '-c1-3,5-', '--output-d=:', {IN=>"abcdefg\n"},
+   {OUT=>"abc:efg\n"}],
+  # A totally overlapped field shouldn't change anything:
+  ['out-delim2', '-c1-3,2,5-', '--output-d=:', {IN=>"abcdefg\n"},
+   {OUT=>"abc:efg\n"}],
+  # Partial overlap: index '2' is not at the start of a range.
+  ['out-delim3', '-c1-3,2-4,6', '--output-d=:', {IN=>"abcdefg\n"},
+   {OUT=>"abcd:f\n"}],
+  ['out-delim3a', '-c1-3,2-4,6-', '--output-d=:', {IN=>"abcdefg\n"},
+   {OUT=>"abcd:fg\n"}],
+  # Ensure that the following two commands produce the same output.
+  # Before an off-by-1 fix, the output from the former would not contain a ':'.
+  ['out-delim4', '-c4-,2-3', '--output-d=:',
+   {IN=>"abcdefg\n"}, {OUT=>"bc:defg\n"}],
+  ['out-delim5', '-c2-3,4-', '--output-d=:',
+   {IN=>"abcdefg\n"}, {OUT=>"bc:defg\n"}],
+  # This test would fail for cut from coreutils-5.0.1 and earlier.
+  ['out-delim6', '-c2,1-3', '--output-d=:', {IN=>"abc\n"}, {OUT=>"abc\n"}],
+  #
+  ['od-abut', '-b1-2,3-4', '--output-d=:', {IN=>"abcd\n"}, {OUT=>"ab:cd\n"}],
+  ['od-overlap', '-b1-2,2', '--output-d=:', {IN=>"abc\n"}, {OUT=>"ab\n"}],
+  ['od-overlap2', '-b1-2,2-', '--output-d=:', {IN=>"abc\n"}, {OUT=>"abc\n"}],
+  ['od-overlap3', '-b1-3,2-', '--output-d=:', {IN=>"abcd\n"}, {OUT=>"abcd\n"}],
+  ['od-overlap4', '-b1-3,2-3', '--output-d=:', {IN=>"abcd\n"}, {OUT=>"abc\n"}],
+  ['od-overlap5', '-b1-3,1-4', '--output-d=:',
+   {IN=>"abcde\n"}, {OUT=>"abcd\n"}],
+
+  # None of the following invalid ranges provoked an error up to coreutils-6.9.
+  ['inval1', qw(-f 2-0), {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+   {ERR=>"$prog: invalid decreasing range\n$try"}],
+  ['inval2', qw(-f -), {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>$no_endpoint}],
+  ['inval3', '-f', '4,-', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>$no_endpoint}],
+  ['inval4', '-f', '1-2,-', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+   {ERR=>$no_endpoint}],
+  ['inval5', '-f', '1-,-', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>$no_endpoint}],
+  ['inval6', '-f', '-1,-', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>$no_endpoint}],
+  # This would evoke a segfault from 5.3.0..8.10
+  ['big-unbounded-b', '--output-d=:', '-b1234567890-', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}],
+  ['big-unbounded-b2a', '--output-d=:', '-b1,9-',      {IN=>'123456789'},
+    {OUT=>"1:9\n"}],
+  ['big-unbounded-b2b', '--output-d=:', '-b1,1234567890-', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}],
+  ['big-unbounded-c', '--output-d=:', '-c1234567890-', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}],
+  ['big-unbounded-f', '--output-d=:', '-f1234567890-', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}],
+
+  ['overlapping-unbounded-1', '-b3-,2-', {IN=>"1234\n"}, {OUT=>"234\n"}],
+  ['overlapping-unbounded-2', '-b2-,3-', {IN=>"1234\n"}, {OUT=>"234\n"}],
+
+  # When printing output delimiters, and with one or more ranges subsumed
+  # by a to-EOL range, cut 8.20 and earlier would print extraneous delimiters.
+  ['EOL-subsumed-1', '--output-d=: -b2-,3,4-4,5',
+                                         {IN=>"123456\n"}, {OUT=>"23456\n"}],
+  ['EOL-subsumed-2', '--output-d=: -b3,4-4,5,2-',
+                                         {IN=>"123456\n"}, {OUT=>"23456\n"}],
+  ['EOL-subsumed-3', '--complement -b3,4-4,5,2-',
+                                         {IN=>"123456\n"}, {OUT=>"1\n"}],
+  ['EOL-subsumed-4', '--output-d=: -b1-2,2-3,3-',
+                                        {IN=>"1234\n"}, {OUT=>"1234\n"}],
+ );
+
+if ($mb_locale ne 'C')
+  {
+    # Duplicate each test vector, appending "-mb" to the test name and
+    # inserting {ENV => "LC_ALL=$mb_locale"} in the copy, so that we
+    # provide coverage for the distro-added multi-byte code paths.
+    my @new;
+    foreach my $t (@Tests)
+      {
+        my @new_t = @$t;
+        my $test_name = shift @new_t;
+
+        push @new, ["$test_name-mb", @new_t, {ENV => "LC_ALL=$mb_locale"}];
+      }
+    push @Tests, @new;
+  }
+
+
+@Tests = triple_test \@Tests;
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($ME, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/date-debug.sh b/tests/misc/date-debug.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0b52176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/date-debug.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test 'date --debug' option.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2016-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ date
+
+export LC_ALL=C
+
+## Ensure timezones are supported.
+## (NOTE: America/Belize timezone does not change on DST)
+test "$(TZ=America/Belize date +%z)" = '-0600' \
+    || skip_ 'Timezones database not found'
+
+date --debug >/dev/null 2>d_t_fmt.err || fail=1
+d_t_fmt=$(sed -n "s/.*'\(.*\)'$/\1/p" < d_t_fmt.err) || framework_failure_
+test -n "$d_t_fmt" || fail=1
+
+##
+## Test 1: complex date string
+##
+in1='TZ="Asia/Tokyo" Sun, 90-12-11 + 3 days - 90 minutes'
+
+cat<<EOF>exp1
+date: parsed day part: Sun (day ordinal=0 number=0)
+date: parsed date part: (Y-M-D) 0090-12-11
+date: parsed relative part: +3 day(s)
+date: parsed relative part: +3 day(s) -90 minutes
+date: input timezone: TZ="Asia/Tokyo" in date string
+date: warning: adjusting year value 90 to 1990
+date: warning: using midnight as starting time: 00:00:00
+date: warning: day (Sun) ignored when explicit dates are given
+date: starting date/time: '(Y-M-D) 1990-12-11 00:00:00'
+date: warning: when adding relative days, it is recommended to specify noon
+date: after date adjustment (+0 years, +0 months, +3 days),
+date:     new date/time = '(Y-M-D) 1990-12-14 00:00:00'
+date: '(Y-M-D) 1990-12-14 00:00:00' = 661100400 epoch-seconds
+date: after time adjustment (+0 hours, -90 minutes, +0 seconds, +0 ns),
+date:     new time = 661095000 epoch-seconds
+date: timezone: TZ="Asia/Tokyo" environment value
+date: final: 661095000.000000000 (epoch-seconds)
+date: final: (Y-M-D) 1990-12-13 13:30:00 (UTC)
+date: final: (Y-M-D) 1990-12-13 22:30:00 (UTC+09)
+date: output format: '%a %b %e %T %z %Y'
+Thu Dec 13 07:30:00 -0600 1990
+EOF
+
+TZ=America/Belize date --debug -d "$in1" +'%a %b %e %T %z %Y' >out1 2>&1 ||
+  fail=1
+
+compare exp1 out1 || fail=1
+
+##
+## Test 2: Invalid date from Coreutils' FAQ
+##         (with explicit timezone added)
+in2='TZ="America/Edmonton" 2006-04-02 02:30:00'
+cat<<EOF>exp2
+date: parsed date part: (Y-M-D) 2006-04-02
+date: parsed time part: 02:30:00
+date: input timezone: TZ="America/Edmonton" in date string
+date: using specified time as starting value: '02:30:00'
+date: error: invalid date/time value:
+date:     user provided time: '(Y-M-D) 2006-04-02 02:30:00'
+date:        normalized time: '(Y-M-D) 2006-04-02 XX:XX:XX'
+date:                                             --
+date:      possible reasons:
+date:        non-existing due to daylight-saving time;
+date:        numeric values overflow;
+date:        missing timezone
+date: invalid date 'TZ="America/Edmonton" 2006-04-02 02:30:00'
+EOF
+
+# date should return 1 (error) for invalid date
+returns_ 1 date --debug -d "$in2" >out2-t 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# The output line of "normalized time" can differ between systems
+# (e.g. glibc vs musl) and should not be checked.
+# See: https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/coreutils/2019-05/msg00039.html
+sed '/normalized time:/s/ [0-9][0-9]:[0-9][0-9]:[0-9][0-9]/ XX:XX:XX/' \
+    out2-t > out2 || framework_failure_
+
+compare exp2 out2 || fail=1
+
+##
+## Test 3: timespec (input always UTC, output is TZ-dependent)
+##
+in3='@1'
+cat<<EOF>exp3
+date: parsed number of seconds part: number of seconds: 1
+date: input timezone: '@timespec' - always UTC
+date: timezone: TZ="America/Lima" environment value
+date: final: 1.000000000 (epoch-seconds)
+date: final: (Y-M-D) 1970-01-01 00:00:01 (UTC)
+date: final: (Y-M-D) 1969-12-31 19:00:01 (UTC-05)
+date: output format: '%a %b %e %T %z %Y'
+Wed Dec 31 19:00:01 -0500 1969
+EOF
+
+TZ=America/Lima date --debug -d "$in3" +'%a %b %e %T %z %Y' >out3 2>&1 || fail=1
+compare exp3 out3 || fail=1
+
+##
+## Parsing a lone number.
+## Fixed in gnulib v0.1-1099-gf2d4b5c
+## https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gnulib.git/commit/?id=f2d4b5caa
+cat<<EOF>exp4
+date: parsed number part: (Y-M-D) 2013-01-01
+date: input timezone: TZ="UTC0" environment value or -u
+date: warning: using midnight as starting time: 00:00:00
+date: starting date/time: '(Y-M-D) 2013-01-01 00:00:00'
+date: '(Y-M-D) 2013-01-01 00:00:00' = 1356998400 epoch-seconds
+date: timezone: Universal Time
+date: final: 1356998400.000000000 (epoch-seconds)
+date: final: (Y-M-D) 2013-01-01 00:00:00 (UTC)
+date: final: (Y-M-D) 2013-01-01 00:00:00 (UTC+00)
+date: output format: '$d_t_fmt'
+Tue Jan  1 00:00:00 UTC 2013
+EOF
+
+date -u --debug -d '20130101' >out4 2>&1 || fail=1
+compare exp4 out4 || fail=1
+
+
+##
+## Parsing a relative number after a timezone string
+## Fixed in gnulib v0.1-1100-g5c438e8
+## https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gnulib.git/commit/?id=5c438e8ce7d
+cat<<EOF>exp5
+date: parsed date part: (Y-M-D) 2013-10-30
+date: parsed time part: 00:00:00
+date: parsed relative part: -8 day(s)
+date: parsed zone part: UTC+00
+date: input timezone: parsed date/time string (+00)
+date: using specified time as starting value: '00:00:00'
+date: starting date/time: '(Y-M-D) 2013-10-30 00:00:00 TZ=+00'
+date: warning: when adding relative days, it is recommended to specify noon
+date: after date adjustment (+0 years, +0 months, -8 days),
+date:     new date/time = '(Y-M-D) 2013-10-22 00:00:00 TZ=+00'
+date: '(Y-M-D) 2013-10-22 00:00:00 TZ=+00' = 1382400000 epoch-seconds
+date: timezone: Universal Time
+date: final: 1382400000.000000000 (epoch-seconds)
+date: final: (Y-M-D) 2013-10-22 00:00:00 (UTC)
+date: final: (Y-M-D) 2013-10-22 00:00:00 (UTC+00)
+date: output format: '%F'
+2013-10-22
+EOF
+
+in5='2013-10-30 00:00:00 UTC -8 days'
+date -u --debug +%F -d "$in5" >out5 2>&1 || fail=1
+compare exp5 out5 || fail=1
+
+##
+## Explicitly warn about unexpected day/month shifts.
+## added in gnulib v0.1-1101-gf14eff1
+## https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gnulib.git/commit/?id=f14eff1b3cde2b
+TOOLONG='it is recommended to specify the 15th of the months'
+cat<<EOF>exp6
+date: parsed date part: (Y-M-D) 2016-10-31
+date: parsed relative part: -1 month(s)
+date: input timezone: TZ="UTC0" environment value or -u
+date: warning: using midnight as starting time: 00:00:00
+date: starting date/time: '(Y-M-D) 2016-10-31 00:00:00'
+date: warning: when adding relative months/years, $TOOLONG
+date: after date adjustment (+0 years, -1 months, +0 days),
+date:     new date/time = '(Y-M-D) 2016-10-01 00:00:00'
+date: warning: month/year adjustment resulted in shifted dates:
+date:      adjusted Y M D: 2016 09 31
+date:    normalized Y M D: 2016 10 01
+date: '(Y-M-D) 2016-10-01 00:00:00' = 1475280000 epoch-seconds
+date: timezone: Universal Time
+date: final: 1475280000.000000000 (epoch-seconds)
+date: final: (Y-M-D) 2016-10-01 00:00:00 (UTC)
+date: final: (Y-M-D) 2016-10-01 00:00:00 (UTC+00)
+date: output format: '$d_t_fmt'
+Sat Oct  1 00:00:00 UTC 2016
+EOF
+
+date -u --debug -d '2016-10-31 - 1 month' >out6 2>&1 || fail=1
+compare exp6 out6 || fail=1
+
+
+##
+## Explicitly warn about crossing DST boundaries.
+## added in gnulib v0.1-1102-g30a55dd
+## https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gnulib.git/commit/?id=30a55dd72dad2
+TOOLONG2='it is recommended to specify the 15th of the months'
+cat<<EOF>exp7
+date: parsed date part: (Y-M-D) 2016-06-01
+date: parsed local_zone part: isdst=1
+date: parsed relative part: +6 month(s)
+date: input timezone: TZ="America/New_York" environment value, dst
+date: warning: using midnight as starting time: 00:00:00
+date: starting date/time: '(Y-M-D) 2016-06-01 00:00:00'
+date: warning: when adding relative months/years, $TOOLONG2
+date: after date adjustment (+0 years, +6 months, +0 days),
+date:     new date/time = '(Y-M-D) 2016-11-30 23:00:00'
+date: warning: daylight saving time changed after date adjustment
+date: warning: month/year adjustment resulted in shifted dates:
+date:      adjusted Y M D: 2016 12 01
+date:    normalized Y M D: 2016 11 30
+date: '(Y-M-D) 2016-11-30 23:00:00' = 1480564800 epoch-seconds
+date: timezone: TZ="America/New_York" environment value
+date: final: 1480564800.000000000 (epoch-seconds)
+date: final: (Y-M-D) 2016-12-01 04:00:00 (UTC)
+date: final: (Y-M-D) 2016-11-30 23:00:00 (UTC-05)
+date: output format: '%F'
+2016-11-30
+EOF
+
+in7='2016-06-01 EDT + 6 months'
+TZ=America/New_York date --debug -d "$in7" +%F >out7 2>&1 || fail=1
+compare exp7 out7 || fail=1
+
+
+## fix local timezone debug messages.
+## fixed in git v0.1-1103-gc56e7fb
+## https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gnulib.git/commit/?id=c56e7fbb032
+
+cat<<EOF>exp8_1
+date: parsed date part: (Y-M-D) 2011-12-11
+date: parsed local_zone part: isdst=0
+date: input timezone: TZ="Europe/Helsinki" environment value
+date: warning: using midnight as starting time: 00:00:00
+date: starting date/time: '(Y-M-D) 2011-12-11 00:00:00'
+date: '(Y-M-D) 2011-12-11 00:00:00' = 1323554400 epoch-seconds
+date: timezone: TZ="Europe/Helsinki" environment value
+date: final: 1323554400.000000000 (epoch-seconds)
+date: final: (Y-M-D) 2011-12-10 22:00:00 (UTC)
+date: final: (Y-M-D) 2011-12-11 00:00:00 (UTC+02)
+date: output format: '$d_t_fmt'
+Sun Dec 11 00:00:00 EET 2011
+EOF
+
+TZ=Europe/Helsinki date --debug -d '2011-12-11 EET' >out8_1 2>&1 || fail=1
+compare exp8_1 out8_1 || fail=1
+
+cat<<EOF>exp8_2
+date: parsed date part: (Y-M-D) 2011-06-11
+date: parsed local_zone part: isdst=1
+date: input timezone: TZ="Europe/Helsinki" environment value, dst
+date: warning: using midnight as starting time: 00:00:00
+date: starting date/time: '(Y-M-D) 2011-06-11 00:00:00'
+date: '(Y-M-D) 2011-06-11 00:00:00' = 1307739600 epoch-seconds
+date: timezone: TZ="Europe/Helsinki" environment value
+date: final: 1307739600.000000000 (epoch-seconds)
+date: final: (Y-M-D) 2011-06-10 21:00:00 (UTC)
+date: final: (Y-M-D) 2011-06-11 00:00:00 (UTC+03)
+date: output format: '$d_t_fmt'
+Sat Jun 11 00:00:00 EEST 2011
+EOF
+
+TZ=Europe/Helsinki date --debug -d '2011-06-11 EEST' >out8_2 2>&1 || fail=1
+compare exp8_2 out8_2 || fail=1
+
+
+
+## fix debug message on lone year number (The "2011" part).
+## fixed in gnulib v0.1-1104-g15b8f30
+## https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gnulib.git/commit/?id=15b8f3046a25
+##
+## NOTE:
+## When the date 'Apr 11' is parsed, the year part will be the
+## current year. The expected output thus depends on the year
+## the test is being run. We'll use sed to change it to XXXX.
+cat<<EOF>exp9
+date: parsed date part: (Y-M-D) XXXX-04-11
+date: parsed time part: 22:59:00
+date: parsed number part: year: 2011
+date: input timezone: TZ="UTC0" environment value or -u
+date: using specified time as starting value: '22:59:00'
+date: starting date/time: '(Y-M-D) 2011-04-11 22:59:00'
+date: '(Y-M-D) 2011-04-11 22:59:00' = 1302562740 epoch-seconds
+date: timezone: Universal Time
+date: final: 1302562740.000000000 (epoch-seconds)
+date: final: (Y-M-D) 2011-04-11 22:59:00 (UTC)
+date: final: (Y-M-D) 2011-04-11 22:59:00 (UTC+00)
+date: output format: '$d_t_fmt'
+Mon Apr 11 22:59:00 UTC 2011
+EOF
+
+date -u --debug -d 'Apr 11 22:59:00 2011' >out9_t 2>&1 || fail=1
+sed '1s/(Y-M-D) [0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-/(Y-M-D) XXXX-/' out9_t > out9 \
+    || framework_failure_
+compare exp9 out9 || fail=1
+
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/date-next-dow.pl b/tests/misc/date-next-dow.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8761c71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/date-next-dow.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test "date".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+use POSIX qw(strftime);
+
+(my $ME = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+# Export TZ=UTC0 so that zone-dependent strings match.
+$ENV{TZ} = 'UTC0';
+
+my $now = time;
+my @d = localtime ($now);
+my @d_week = localtime ($now + 7 * 24 * 3600);
+my $wday = $d[6];
+my $wday_str = qw(sun mon tue wed thu fri sat)[$wday];
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     # test-name, [option, option, ...] {OUT=>"expected-output"}
+     #
+
+     # Running "date -d mon +%a" on a Monday must print Mon.
+     ['dow',  "-d $wday_str +%a", {OUT => ucfirst $wday_str}],
+     # It had better be the same date, too.
+     ['dow2', "-d $wday_str +%Y-%m-%d", {OUT => strftime("%Y-%m-%d", @d)}],
+
+     ['next-dow', "-d 'next $wday_str' +%Y-%m-%d",
+      {OUT => strftime("%Y-%m-%d", @d_week)}],
+    );
+
+# Append "\n" to each OUT=> RHS if the expected exit value is either
+# zero or not specified (defaults to zero).
+foreach my $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    my $exit_val;
+    foreach my $e (@$t)
+      {
+        ref $e && ref $e eq 'HASH' && defined $e->{EXIT}
+          and $exit_val = $e->{EXIT};
+      }
+    foreach my $e (@$t)
+      {
+        ref $e && ref $e eq 'HASH' && defined $e->{OUT} && ! $exit_val
+          and $e->{OUT} .= "\n";
+      }
+  }
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $prog = 'date';
+my $fail = run_tests ($ME, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+
+# Skip the test if the starting and stopping day numbers differ.
+my @d_post = localtime (time);
+$d_post[7] == $d[7]
+  or CuSkip::skip "$ME: test straddled a day boundary; skipped";
+
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/date-sec.sh b/tests/misc/date-sec.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fdd5105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/date-sec.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that a command like
+# date --date="21:04 +0100" +%S' always prints '00'.
+# Before coreutils-5.2.1, it would print the seconds from the current time.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ date
+
+
+
+# It would be easier simply to sleep for two seconds between two runs
+# of $(date --date="21:04 +0100" +%S) and ensure that both outputs
+# are '00', but I prefer not to sleep unconditionally.  'make check'
+# takes long enough as it is.
+
+n=0
+# See if the current number of seconds is '00' or just before.
+s=$(date +%S)
+case "$s" in
+  58) n=3;;
+  59) n=2;;
+  00) n=1;;
+esac
+
+# If necessary, wait for the system clock to pass the minute mark.
+test $n = 0 || sleep $n
+
+s=$(date --date="21:04 +0100" +%S)
+case "$s" in
+  00) ;;
+  *) fail=1;;
+esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/date-tz.sh b/tests/misc/date-tz.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ac17f7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/date-tz.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify TZ processing.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2017-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ date
+
+# coreutils-8.27 would overwrite the heap with large TZ values
+tz_long=$(printf '%2000s' | tr ' ' a)
+date -d "TZ=\"${tz_long}0\" 2017" || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/date.pl b/tests/misc/date.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f40a377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/date.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test "date".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $ME = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+# Export TZ=UTC0 so that zone-dependent strings match.
+$ENV{TZ} = 'UTC0';
+
+my $t0 = '08:17:48';
+my $d0 = '1997-01-19';
+my $d1 = "$d0 $t0 +0";
+my $dT = "${d0}T$t0+0"; # ISO 8601 with "T" separator
+
+my $ts = '08:17:49'; # next second
+my $tm = '08:18:48'; # next minute
+my $th = '09:17:48'; # next hour
+
+my $dd = '1997-01-20'; # next day
+my $dw = '1997-01-26'; # next week
+my $dm = '1997-02-19'; # next month
+my $dy = '1998-01-19'; # next month
+
+my $fmt = "'+%Y-%m-%d %T'";
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     # test-name, [option, option, ...] {OUT=>"expected-output"}
+     #
+     ['1', "-d '$d1' +'%% %a %A %b %B'", {OUT=>"% Sun Sunday Jan January"}],
+
+     # [Actually, skip it on *all* systems. -- this Perl code is run at
+     # distribution-build-time, not at configure/test time.  ]
+
+     # Skip the test of %c on SunOS4 systems.  Such systems would fail this
+     # test because their underlying strftime doesn't handle the %c format
+     # properly.  GNU strftime must rely on the underlying host library
+     # function to get locale-dependent behavior, as strftime is the only
+     # portable interface to that behavior.
+     # ['2', "-d '$d1' +'%c'", {OUT=>"Sun Jan 19 $t0 1997"}],
+
+     ['3', "-d '$d1' +'%d_%D_%e_%h_%H'", {OUT=>"19_01/19/97_19_Jan_08"}],
+     ['3T',"-d '$dT' +'%d_%D_%e_%h_%H'", {OUT=>"19_01/19/97_19_Jan_08"}],
+
+     ['4', "-d '$d1' +'%I_%j_%k_%l_%m'", {OUT=>"08_019_ 8_ 8_01"}],
+     ['5', "-d '$d1' +'%M_%n_%p_%r'", {OUT=>"17_\n_AM_$t0 AM"}],
+     ['6', "-d '$d1' +'%s_%S_%t_%T'", {OUT=>"853661868_48_\t_$t0"}],
+     ['7', "-d '$d1' +'%U_%V_%w_%W'", {OUT=>"03_03_0_02"}],
+     ['8', "-d '$d1' +'%x_%X_%y_%Y'", {OUT=>"01/19/97_${t0}_97_1997"}],
+     ['9', "-d '$d1' +'%z'", {OUT=>"+0000"}],
+
+     ['leap-1', "--date '02/29/1996 1 year' +%Y-%m-%d", {OUT=>"1997-03-01"}],
+
+     ['U95-1', "--date '1995-1-1' +%U", {OUT=>"01"}],
+     ['U95-2', "--date '1995-1-7' +%U", {OUT=>"01"}],
+     ['U95-3', "--date '1995-1-8' +%U", {OUT=>"02"}],
+
+     ['U92-1', "--date '1992-1-1' +%U", {OUT=>"00"}],
+     ['U92-2', "--date '1992-1-4' +%U", {OUT=>"00"}],
+     ['U92-3', "--date '1992-1-5' +%U", {OUT=>"01"}],
+
+     ['V92-1', "--date '1992-1-1' +%V", {OUT=>"01"}],
+     ['V92-2', "--date '1992-1-5' +%V", {OUT=>"01"}],
+     ['V92-3', "--date '1992-1-6' +%V", {OUT=>"02"}],
+
+     ['W92-1', "--date '1992-1-1' +%W", {OUT=>"00"}],
+     ['W92-2', "--date '1992-1-5' +%W", {OUT=>"00"}],
+     ['W92-3', "--date '1992-1-6' +%W", {OUT=>"01"}],
+
+     ['q-1', "--date '2016-1-1' +%q", {OUT=>"1"}],
+     ['q-2', "--date '2016-4-1' +%q", {OUT=>"2"}],
+     ['q-3', "--date '2016-7-1' +%q", {OUT=>"3"}],
+     ['q-4', "--date '2016-10-1' +%q", {OUT=>"4"}],
+
+     ['millen-1', "--date '1998-1-1 3 years' +%Y", {OUT=>"2001"}],
+
+     ['rel-0', "-d '$d1 now' '+%Y-%m-%d %T'", {OUT=>"$d0 $t0"}],
+
+     ['rel-1a', "-d '$d1 yesterday' $fmt", {OUT=>"1997-01-18 $t0"}],
+     ['rel-1b', "-d '$d1 tomorrow' $fmt", {OUT=>"1997-01-20 $t0"}],
+
+     ['rel-2a', "-d '$d1 6 years ago' $fmt", {OUT=>"1991-01-19 $t0"}],
+     ['rel-2b', "-d '$d1 7 months ago' $fmt", {OUT=>"1996-06-19 $t0"}],
+     ['rel-2c', "-d '$d1 8 weeks ago' $fmt", {OUT=>"1996-11-24 $t0"}],
+     ['rel-2d', "-d '$d1 1 day ago' $fmt", {OUT=>"1997-01-18 $t0"}],
+     ['rel-2e', "-d '$d1 2 hours ago' $fmt", {OUT=>"$d0 06:17:48"}],
+     ['rel-2f', "-d '$d1 3 minutes ago' $fmt", {OUT=>"$d0 08:14:48"}],
+     ['rel-2g', "-d '$d1 4 seconds ago' $fmt", {OUT=>"$d0 08:17:44"}],
+
+     ['rel-3a', "-d '$d1 4 seconds ago' $fmt", {OUT=>"$d0 08:17:44"}],
+
+     # This has always worked, ...
+     ['rel-1day',  "-d '20050101  1 day'  +%F", {OUT=>"2005-01-02"}],
+     # ...but up to coreutils-6.9, this was rejected due to the "+".
+     ['rel-plus1', "-d '20050101 +1 day'  +%F", {OUT=>"2005-01-02"}],
+
+     ['next-s', "-d '$d1 next second' '+%Y-%m-%d %T'", {OUT=>"$d0 $ts"}],
+     ['next-m', "-d '$d1 next minute' '+%Y-%m-%d %T'", {OUT=>"$d0 $tm"}],
+     ['next-h', "-d '$d1 next hour'   '+%Y-%m-%d %T'", {OUT=>"$d0 $th"}],
+     ['next-d', "-d '$d1 next day'    '+%Y-%m-%d %T'", {OUT=>"$dd $t0"}],
+     ['next-w', "-d '$d1 next week'   '+%Y-%m-%d %T'", {OUT=>"$dw $t0"}],
+     ['next-mo', "-d '$d1 next month' '+%Y-%m-%d %T'", {OUT=>"$dm $t0"}],
+     ['next-y', "-d '$d1 next year'   '+%Y-%m-%d %T'", {OUT=>"$dy $t0"}],
+
+     ['utc-0', "-u -d '08/01/97 6:00' '+%D,%H:%M'", {OUT=>"08/01/97,06:00"},
+               {ENV => 'TZ=UTC+4'}],
+
+     ['utc-0a', "-u -d '08/01/97 6:00 UTC +4 hours' '+%D,%H:%M'",
+      {OUT=>"08/01/97,10:00"}],
+     # Make sure --file=FILE works with -u.
+     ['utc-1', "-u --file=f '+%Y-%m-%d %T'",
+      {AUX=>{f=>"$d0 $t0\n$d0 $t0"}},
+      {OUT=>"$d0 $t0\n$d0 $t0"},
+      {ENV => 'TZ=UTC+1'}],
+
+     ['utc-1a', "-u --file=f '+%Y-%m-%d %T'",
+      {AUX=>{f=>"$d0 $t0 UTC +1 hour\n$d0 $t0 UTC +1 hour"}},
+      {OUT=>"$d0 $th\n$d0 $th"}],
+
+     # From the examples in the documentation.
+     ['date2sec-0', "-d '1970-01-01 00:00:01' +%s", {OUT=>"7201"},
+      {ENV => 'TZ=UTC+2'}],
+
+     # Same as above, but don't rely on TZ in environment.
+     ['date2sec-0a', "-d '1970-01-01 00:00:01 UTC +2 hours' +%s",
+      {OUT=>"7201"}],
+
+     ['date2sec-1', "-d 2000-01-01 +%s", {OUT=>"946684800"}],
+     ['sec2date-0', "-d '1970-01-01 UTC 946684800 sec' +'%Y-%m-%d %T %z'",
+      {OUT=>"2000-01-01 00:00:00 +0000"}],
+
+     ['this-m', "-d '$d0 $t0 this minute' $fmt", {OUT=>"$d0 $t0"}],
+     ['this-h', "-d '$d0 $t0 this hour' $fmt", {OUT=>"$d0 $t0"}],
+     ['this-w', "-d '$d0 $t0 this week' $fmt", {OUT=>"$d0 $t0"}],
+     ['this-mo', "-d '$d0 $t0 this month' $fmt", {OUT=>"$d0 $t0"}],
+     ['this-y', "-d '$d0 $t0 this year' $fmt", {OUT=>"$d0 $t0"}],
+
+     ['risks-1', "-d 'Nov 10 1996' $fmt", {OUT=>"1996-11-10 00:00:00"}],
+
+     # This one would pass if TZ (with any, or even no, value) were in
+     # the environment.
+     ['regress-1', "-u -d '1996-11-10 0:00:00 +0' $fmt",
+     {OUT=>"1996-11-10 00:00:00"},
+     {ENV =>'LANG=C'}],
+
+
+     ['datevtime-1', "-d 000909 $fmt", {OUT=>"2000-09-09 00:00:00"}],
+
+     # test for RFC-822 conformance
+     ['rfc822-1', "-R -d '$d1'", {OUT=>"Sun, 19 Jan 1997 08:17:48 +0000"},
+      # Solaris 5.9's /bin/sh emits this diagnostic to stderr
+      # if you don't have support for the named locale.
+      {ERR_SUBST => q!s/^couldn't set locale correctly\n//!},
+      {ENV => 'LC_ALL=de_DE TZ=UTC0'}],
+
+     # Relative seconds, with time.  fixed in 2.0j
+     ['relative-1', "--utc -d '1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC +961062237 sec' $fmt",
+      {OUT=>"2000-06-15 09:43:57"}],
+
+     # Relative seconds, no time.
+     ['relative-2', "--utc -d '1970-01-01 UTC +961062237 sec' $fmt",
+      {OUT=>"2000-06-15 09:43:57"},
+      {ENV => 'TZ=UTC+1'}],
+
+     # Relative days, no time, across time zones.
+     ['relative-3', "-I -d '2006-04-23 21 days ago'", {OUT=>"2006-04-02"},
+         {ENV=>'TZ=PST8PDT,M4.1.0,M10.5.0'}],
+
+     # This would infloop (or appear to) prior to coreutils-4.5.5,
+     # due to a bug in strftime.c.
+     ['wide-fmt', "-d '1999-06-01'", '+%3004Y', {OUT=>'0' x 3000 . "1999"}],
+
+     # Ensure that we can parse MONTHNAME-DAY-YEAR.
+     ['moname-d-y', '--iso -d May-23-2003', {OUT=>"2003-05-23"}],
+     ['moname-d-y-r', '--rfc-3339=date -d May-23-2003', {OUT=>"2003-05-23"}],
+
+     ['epoch', '--iso=sec -d @31536000',
+      {OUT=>"1971-01-01T00:00:00+00:00"}],
+     ['epoch-r', '--rfc-3339=sec -d @31536000',
+      {OUT=>"1971-01-01 00:00:00+00:00"}],
+
+     ['ns-10', '--iso=ns', '-d "1969-12-31 13:00:00.00000001-1100"',
+      {OUT=>"1970-01-01T00:00:00,000000010+00:00"}],
+     ['ns-10-r', '--rfc-3339=ns', '-d "1969-12-31 13:00:00.00000001-1100"',
+      {OUT=>"1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000010+00:00"}],
+
+     ['ns-max32', '--iso=ns', '-d "2038-01-19 03:14:07.999999999"',
+      {OUT=>"2038-01-19T03:14:07,999999999+00:00"}],
+     ['ns-max32-r', '--rfc-3339=ns', '-d "2038-01-19 03:14:07.999999999"',
+      {OUT=>"2038-01-19 03:14:07.999999999+00:00"}],
+
+     ['tz-1', '+%:::z', {OUT=>"-12:34:56"}, {ENV=>'TZ=XXX12:34:56'}],
+
+     ['tz-2', '+%:::z', {OUT=>"+12:34:56"}, {ENV=>'TZ=XXX-12:34:56'}],
+
+     ['tz-3', '+%::z', {OUT=>"+01:02:03"}, {ENV=>'TZ=XXX-1:02:03'}],
+
+     ['tz-4', '+%:::z', {OUT=>"+12"}, {ENV=>'TZ=XXX-12'}],
+
+     ['tz-5', '+%:z', {OUT=>"-00:01"}, {ENV=>'TZ=XXX0:01'}],
+
+     # Accept %:z with a field width before the ':'.
+     ['tz-5w','+%8:z', {OUT=>"-0000:01"}, {ENV=>'TZ=XXX0:01'}],
+     # Don't recognize %:z with a field width between the ':' and the 'z'.
+     ['tz-5wf', '+%:8z', {OUT=>"%:8z"}, {ENV=>'TZ=XXX0:01'}],
+
+     # Test alphabetic timezone abbrv
+     ['tz-6', '+%Z', {OUT=>"UTC"}],
+     ['tz-7', '+%Z', {OUT=>"JST"}, {ENV=>'TZ=JST-9'}],
+
+     ['ns-relative',
+      '--iso=ns',
+      "-d'1970-01-01 00:00:00.1234567 UTC +961062237.987654321 sec'",
+      {OUT=>"2000-06-15T09:43:58,111111021+00:00"}],
+     ['ns-relativer', '--rfc-3339=ns',
+      "-d'1970-01-01 00:00:00.1234567 UTC +961062237.987654321 sec'",
+      {OUT=>"2000-06-15 09:43:58.111111021+00:00"}],
+
+     # Since coreutils/lib/getdate.y revision 1.96 (post-coreutils-5.3.0),
+     # a command like the following would mistakenly exit nonzero with an
+     # 'invalid date ...' diagnostic, but when run in a time zone for
+     # which daylight savings time is in effect for the starting date.
+     # Unfortunately (for ease of testing), if you set TZ at all, this
+     # failure is not triggered, hence the removal of TZ from the environment.
+     ['cross-dst', "-d'2005-03-27 +1 day'", '+%Y', {OUT=>"2005"},
+                  {ENV_DEL => 'TZ'},
+                  ],
+
+     ['empty-fmt', '+', {OUT=>""}],
+
+     ['neg-secs', '-d @-22 +%05s', {OUT=>"-0022"}],
+     ['neg-secs2', '-d @-22 +%_5s', {OUT=>"  -22"}],
+
+     # FIXME: Ensure date doesn't print uninitialized data
+     # for an out-of-range date.  This test is currently
+     # disabled as various systems have different limits
+     # for localtime(), and we can't use perl for example
+     # to determine those limits as it doesn't always call
+     # down to the system localtime() as it has configure
+     # time checks and settings itself for these limits.
+     #['uninit-64', "-d \@72057594037927935",
+     # {OUT=>''},
+     # # Use ERR_SUBST to get around fact that the diagnostic
+     # # you get on a system with 32-bit time_t is not the same as
+     # # the one you get for a system where it's 64 bits wide:
+     # # - date: time 72057594037927935 is out of range
+     # # + date: invalid date '@72057594037927935'
+     # {ERR_SUBST => 's/.*//'},
+     # {ERR => "\n"},
+     # {EXIT => 1},
+     #],
+
+     ['fill-1', '-d 1999-12-08 +%_3d', {OUT=>'  8'}],
+     ['fill-2', '-d 1999-12-08 +%03d', {OUT=>'008'}],
+
+     # Test the combination of the to-upper-case modifier (^) and a conversion
+     # specifier that expands to a string containing lower case characters.
+     ['subfmt-up1', '-d "1999-12-08 7:30" "+%^c"',
+      # Solaris 5.9 prints 'WED DEC 08 07:30:00 1999', while
+      # most others print  'WED DEC  8 07:30:00 1999'.
+      {OUT_SUBST => 's/ [ 0]8.*//'},
+      {OUT=>'WED DEC'}],
+
+     ['invalid-high-bit-set', "-d '\xb0'",
+      {ERR => "date: invalid date '\\260'\n"},
+      {EXIT => 1},
+     ],
+
+     # From coreutils-5.3.0 to 8.22 inclusive
+     # this would either infinite loop or crash
+     ['invalid-TZ-crash', "-d 'TZ=\"\"\"'",
+      {ERR => "date: invalid date 'TZ=\"\"\"'\n"},
+      {EXIT => 1},
+     ],
+
+     # https://bugs.debian.org/851934#10
+     ['cross-TZ-mishandled', "-d 'TZ=\"EST5\" 1970-01-01 00:00'",
+      {ENV => 'TZ=PST8'},
+      {OUT => 'Wed Dec 31 21:00:00 PST 1969'},
+     ],
+
+     # https://bugs.gnu.org/34608
+     ['date-century-plus', '-d @0 +.%+4C.', {OUT => '.+019.'}],
+
+     # https://bugs.gnu.org/50115
+     ['date-epoch-minus-1', '-u -d "1970-12-31T23:59:59+00:00 - 1 year"',
+      {OUT => 'Wed Dec 31 23:59:59 UTC 1969'}],
+
+     # Military time zones, new behavior (since 8.32)
+     # https://lists.gnu.org/r/bug-gnulib/2019-08/msg00005.html
+     ['mtz1', '-u -d "09:00B" +%T', {OUT => '07:00:00'}],
+     ['mtz2', '-u -d "09:00L" +%T', {OUT => '22:00:00'}],
+     ['mtz3', '-u -d "09:00N" +%T', {OUT => '10:00:00'}],
+     ['mtz4', '-u -d "09:00T" +%T', {OUT => '16:00:00'}],
+     ['mtz5', '-u -d "09:00X" +%T', {OUT => '20:00:00'}],
+     ['mtz6', '-u -d "09:00Z" +%T', {OUT => '09:00:00'}],
+
+     # test with %%-N
+     ['pct-pct', '+%%-N', {OUT => '%-N'}],
+    );
+
+# Repeat the cross-dst test, using Jan 1, 2005 and every interval from 1..364.
+foreach my $i (1..364)
+  {
+    push @Tests, ["cross-dst$i",
+                  "-d'2005-01-01 +$i day'", '+%Y', {OUT=>"2005"},
+                  {ENV_DEL => 'TZ'},
+                  ];
+  }
+
+# Append "\n" to each OUT=> RHS if the expected exit value is either
+# zero or not specified (defaults to zero).
+foreach my $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    my $exit_val;
+    foreach my $e (@$t)
+      {
+        ref $e && ref $e eq 'HASH' && defined $e->{EXIT}
+          and $exit_val = $e->{EXIT};
+      }
+    foreach my $e (@$t)
+      {
+        ref $e && ref $e eq 'HASH' && defined $e->{OUT} && ! $exit_val
+          and $e->{OUT} .= "\n";
+      }
+  }
+
+# Repeat all tests with --debug option, ensure it does not cause any regression
+my @debug_tests;
+foreach my $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    # Skip tests with EXIT!=0 or ERR_SUBST part
+    # (as '--debug' requires its own ERR_SUBST).
+    my $exit_val;
+    my $have_err_subst;
+    foreach my $e (@$t)
+      {
+        next unless ref $e && ref $e eq 'HASH';
+        $exit_val = $e->{EXIT} if defined $e->{EXIT};
+        $have_err_subst = 1 if defined $e->{ERR_SUBST};
+      }
+    next if $exit_val || $have_err_subst;
+
+    # Duplicate the test, add '--debug' argument
+    my @newt = @$t;
+    $newt[0] = 'dbg_' . $newt[0];
+    $newt[1] = '--debug ' . $newt[1];
+
+    # Discard all debug printouts before comparing output
+    push @newt, {ERR_SUBST => q!s/^date: .*\n//m!};
+
+    push @debug_tests, \@newt;
+  }
+push @Tests, @debug_tests;
+
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $prog = 'date';
+my $fail = run_tests ($ME, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/dircolors.pl b/tests/misc/dircolors.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6bb8b74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/dircolors.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Simple dircolors tests.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['a', '-b', {IN => {k => "exec\n"}},
+      {ERR => "dircolors: k:1: invalid line;  missing second token\n"},
+      {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['quote', '-b', {IN => "exec 'echo Hello;:'\n"},
+      {OUT => "LS_COLORS='ex='\\''echo Hello;\\:'\\'':';\n"
+      . "export LS_COLORS\n"}],
+     ['other-wr', '-b', {IN => "owt 40;33\n"},
+      {OUT => "LS_COLORS='tw=40;33:';\nexport LS_COLORS\n"}],
+     ['term-1', '-b', {IN => "TERM none\nowt 40;33\n"},
+      {OUT => "LS_COLORS='tw=40;33:';\nexport LS_COLORS\n"}],
+     ['term-2', '-b', {IN => "TERM non*\nowt 40;33\n"},
+      {OUT => "LS_COLORS='tw=40;33:';\nexport LS_COLORS\n"}],
+     ['term-3', '-b', {IN => "TERM nomatch\nowt 40;33\n"},
+      {OUT => "LS_COLORS='';\nexport LS_COLORS\n"}],
+     ['term-4', '-b', {IN => "TERM N*match\nowt 40;33\n"},
+      {OUT => "LS_COLORS='';\nexport LS_COLORS\n"}],
+
+     ['colorterm-1', '-b', {ENV => 'COLORTERM=any'},
+      {IN => "COLORTERM ?*\nowt 40;33\n"},
+      {OUT => "LS_COLORS='tw=40;33:';\nexport LS_COLORS\n"}],
+
+     ['colorterm-2', '-b', {ENV => 'COLORTERM='},
+      {IN => "COLORTERM ?*\nowt 40;33\n"},
+      {OUT => "LS_COLORS='';\nexport LS_COLORS\n"}],
+
+     ['print-clash1', '-p', '--print-ls',
+      {ERR => "dircolors: options --print-database and --print-ls-colors " .
+              "are mutually exclusive\n" .
+              "Try 'dircolors --help' for more information.\n"},
+      {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['print-clash2', '-b', '--print-database',
+      {ERR => "dircolors: the options to output non shell syntax,\n" .
+              "and to select a shell syntax are mutually exclusive\n" .
+              "Try 'dircolors --help' for more information.\n"},
+      {EXIT => 1}],
+
+     ['print-ls-colors', '--print-ls-colors', {IN => "OWT 40;33\n"},
+      {OUT => "\x1B[40;33mtw\t40;33\x1B[0m\n"}],
+
+     # CAREFUL: always specify the -b option, unless explicitly testing
+     # for csh syntax output, or --print-ls-color output.
+    );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $prog = 'dircolors';
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/dirname.pl b/tests/misc/dirname.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d1a78c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/dirname.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test "dirname".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+use File::stat;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $stat_single = stat('/');
+my $stat_double = stat('//');
+my $double_slash = ($stat_single->dev == $stat_double->dev
+                    && $stat_single->ino == $stat_double->ino) ? '/' : '//';
+
+my $prog = 'dirname';
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['fail-1', {ERR => "$prog: missing operand\n"
+       . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}, {EXIT => '1'}],
+
+     ['a', qw(d/f),        {OUT => 'd'}],
+     ['b', qw(/d/f),       {OUT => '/d'}],
+     ['c', qw(d/f/),       {OUT => 'd'}],
+     ['d', qw(d/f//),      {OUT => 'd'}],
+     ['e', qw(f),          {OUT => '.'}],
+     ['f', qw(/),          {OUT => '/'}],
+     ['g', qw(//),         {OUT => "$double_slash"}],
+     ['h', qw(///),        {OUT => '/'}],
+     ['i', qw(//a//),      {OUT => "$double_slash"}],
+     ['j', qw(///a///),    {OUT => '/'}],
+     ['k', qw(///a///b),   {OUT => '///a'}],
+     ['l', qw(///a//b/),   {OUT => '///a'}],
+     ['m', qw(''),         {OUT => '.'}],
+     ['n', qw(a/b c/d),    {OUT => "a\nc"}],
+    );
+
+# Append a newline to end of each expected 'OUT' string.
+my $t;
+foreach $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    my $arg1 = $t->[1];
+    my $e;
+    foreach $e (@$t)
+      {
+        $e->{OUT} = "$e->{OUT}\n"
+          if ref $e eq 'HASH' and exists $e->{OUT};
+      }
+  }
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{SAVE_TEMPS};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/echo.sh b/tests/misc/echo.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2294035
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/echo.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# basic tests for echo
+
+# Copyright (C) 2018-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+prog='env echo'
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ echo
+
+
+# Verify the methods of specifying "Escape":
+# Note 4 octal digits are allowed (unlike printf which uses up to 3)
+printf '%s\n' . . . . . | tr . '\033' > exp
+$prog -n -e '\x1b\n\e\n\33\n\033\n\0033\n' > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Incomplete hex escapes are output as is (unlike printf)
+printf '\\x\n' > exp
+$prog -n -e '\x\n' > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Always output -- (unlike printf)
+$prog -- 'foo' > out || fail=1
+$prog -n -e -- 'foo\n' >> out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+-- foo
+-- foo
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure \c stops processing
+$prog -e 'foo\n\cbar' > out || fail=1
+printf 'foo\n' > exp
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# With POSIXLY_CORRECT:
+#   only -n as the first (separate) option enables option processing
+#   -E is ignored
+#   escapes are processed by default
+POSIXLY_CORRECT=1 $prog -n -E 'foo\n' > out || fail=1
+POSIXLY_CORRECT=1 $prog -nE 'foo' >> out || fail=1
+POSIXLY_CORRECT=1 $prog -E -n 'foo' >> out || fail=1
+POSIXLY_CORRECT=1 $prog --version >> out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+foo
+-nE foo
+-E -n foo
+--version
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Further test coverage.
+# Output a literal '-' (on a line itself).
+$prog - > out || fail=1
+# Output a literal backslash '\', no newline.
+$prog -n -e '\\' >> out || fail=1
+# Output an empty line (merely to have a newline after the previous test).
+$prog >> out || fail=1
+# Test other characters escaped by a backslash:
+# \a  hex 07  alert, bell
+# \b  hex 08  backspace
+# \e  hex 1b  escape
+# \f  hex 0c  form feed
+# \n  hex 0a  new line
+# \r  hex 0d  carriage return
+# \t  hex 09  horizontal tab
+# \v  hex 0b  vertical tab
+# Convert output, yet checking the exit status of $prog.
+{ $prog -n -e '\a\b\e\f\n\r\t\v' || touch fail; } | od -tx1 >> out || fail=1
+test '!' -f fail || fail=1
+# Output hex values which contain hexadecimal characters to test hextobin().
+# Hex values 4a through 4f are ASCII "JKLMNO".
+$prog -n -e '\x4a\x4b\x4c\x4d\x4e\x4f\x4A\x4B\x4C\x4D\x4E\x4F' >> out || fail=1
+# Output another newline.
+$prog >> out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+-
+\
+0000000 07 08 1b 0c 0a 0d 09 0b
+0000010
+JKLMNOJKLMNO
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/env-S-script.sh b/tests/misc/env-S-script.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0fd43d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/env-S-script.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test env -S in a #! line of a script.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2018-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ env
+print_ver_ printf
+
+require_perl_
+
+# a shortcut to avoid long lines
+dir="$abs_top_builddir/src"
+
+cat <<EOF > shebang || framework_failure_
+#!$SHELL
+EOF
+cat <<\EOF >> shebang || framework_failure_
+# Execute a script as per 3 argument shebang
+# but without length limits (127 on Linux for example).
+script="$1"; shift
+shebang=$(sed -n 's/^#!//p;q' < "$script")
+interp=$(printf '%s' "$shebang" | cut -d' ' -f1)
+rest=$(printf '%s' "$shebang" | cut -s -d' ' -f2-)
+test "$rest" && exec "$interp" "$rest" "$script" "$@"
+exec "$interp" "$script" "$@"
+EOF
+chmod a+x shebang || framework_failure_
+
+# A simple shebang program to call our new "env"
+printf "#!$dir/env sh\necho hello\n" > env_test || framework_failure_
+chmod a+x env_test || framework_failure_
+
+# Verify we can run the shebang which is not the case if
+# there are spaces in $abs_top_builddir.
+./shebang ./env_test || skip_ "Error running env_test script"
+
+# env should execute 'printf' with 7 parameters:
+# 'x%sx\n', 'A', 'B' from the "-S" argument,
+# the name of the executed script, and its 3 parameters (C,D,'E F').
+# Ignoring the absolute paths, the script is:
+#     #!env -S printf x%sx\n A B
+printf "#!$dir/env -S $dir/printf "'x%%sx\\n A B\n' > env1 || framework_failure_
+chmod a+x env1 || framework_failure_
+cat<<\EOF>exp1 || framework_failure_
+xAx
+xBx
+x./env1x
+xCx
+xDx
+xE Fx
+EOF
+./shebang ./env1 C D "E F" > out1 || fail=1
+compare exp1 out1 || fail=1
+
+
+# similar to the above test but with quotes, the first parameter should be
+# 'A B' and not two paramaters 'A','B'.
+# Ignoring the absolute paths, the script is:
+#     #!env -S printf x%sx\n "A B"
+printf "#!$dir/env -S $dir/printf "'x%%sx\\n "A B"\n' > env2 ||
+  framework_failure_
+chmod a+x env2 || framework_failure_
+cat<<\EOF>exp2 || framework_failure_
+xA Bx
+x./env2x
+EOF
+./shebang ./env2 > out2 || fail=1
+compare exp2 out2 || fail=1
+
+
+# backslash-underscore instead of spaces.
+# Ignoring the absolute paths, the script is:
+#     #!env -Sprintf\_x%sx\n\_Y
+printf "#!$dir/env -S$dir/printf"'\\_x%%sx\\n\\_Y\n' > env3 ||
+  framework_failure_
+chmod a+x env3 || framework_failure_
+cat<<\EOF>exp3 || framework_failure_
+xYx
+x./env3x
+xWx
+EOF
+./shebang ./env3 W > out3 || fail=1
+compare exp3 out3 || fail=1
+
+
+
+# Test comments - The "#C D" should be ignored.
+# Ignoring the absolute paths, the script is:
+#     #!env -Sprintf x%sx\n A#B #C D
+printf "#!$dir/env -S$dir/printf"' x%%sx\\n A#B #C D\n' > env4 \
+    || framework_failure_
+chmod a+x env4 || framework_failure_
+cat<<\EOF>exp4 || framework_failure_
+xA#Bx
+x./env4x
+xZx
+EOF
+./shebang ./env4 Z > out4 || fail=1
+compare exp4 out4 || fail=1
+
+
+# Test with a simple Perl usage.
+# (assume Perl is in $PATH, as it is required for the test suite).
+# Ignoring the absolute paths, the script is:
+#     #!env -S perl -w -T
+#     print "hello\n";
+{ printf "#!$dir/env -S $PERL -w -T\n" ;
+  printf 'print "hello\\n";\n' ; } > env5 || framework_failure_
+chmod a+x env5 || framework_failure_
+cat<<\EOF>exp5 || framework_failure_
+hello
+EOF
+./shebang ./env5 > out5 || fail=1
+compare exp5 out5 || fail=1
+
+
+# Test with a more complex Perl usage.
+# Ignoring the absolute paths, the script is:
+#     #!env -S perl -mFile::Basename=basename -e "print basename(\$ARGV[0]);"
+# The backslash before the '$' is required to prevent env(1) from treating
+# $ARGV as an (invalid syntax) envvar, and pass it as-is to Perl.
+{ printf "#!$dir/env -S " ;
+  printf "$PERL -mFile::Basename=basename -e " ;
+  printf '"print basename(\\$ARGV[0]);"\n' ; } > env6 || framework_failure_
+chmod a+x env6 || framework_failure_
+# Note: the perl script does not output a newline.
+printf "env6" > exp6 || framework_failure_
+./shebang ./env6 > out6 || fail=1
+compare exp6 out6 || fail=1
+
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/env-S.pl b/tests/misc/env-S.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b11836d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/env-S.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test 'env -S' feature
+
+# Copyright (C) 2018-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+my $prog = 'env';
+
+my $env = "$ENV{abs_top_builddir}/src/env";
+# Ensure no whitespace or other problematic chars in path
+$env =~ m!^([-+\@\w./]+)$!
+  or CuSkip::skip "unusual absolute builddir name; skipping this test\n";
+$env = $1;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+# This envvar is somehow set at least on macOS 11.6, and would
+# otherwise cause failure of q*, t* and more tests below.  Ignore it.
+my $cf = '__CF_USER_TEXT_ENCODING';
+exists $ENV{$cf} and $env .= " -u$cf";
+# Likewise for these Cygwin env vars
+my $cf = 'SYSTEMROOT';
+exists $ENV{$cf} and $env .= " -u$cf";
+my $cf = 'WINDIR';
+exists $ENV{$cf} and $env .= " -u$cf";
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     # Test combination of -S and regular arguments
+     ['1', q[-ufoo    A=B FOO=AR  sh -c 'echo $A$FOO'],      {OUT=>"BAR"}],
+     ['2', q[-ufoo -S'A=B FOO=AR  sh -c "echo \\$A\\$FOO"'], {OUT=>"BAR"}],
+     ['3', q[-ufoo -S'A=B FOO=AR' sh -c 'echo $A$FOO'],      {OUT=>"BAR"}],
+     ['4', q[-ufoo -S'A=B' FOO=AR sh -c 'echo $A$FOO'],      {OUT=>"BAR"}],
+     ['5', q[-S'-ufoo A=B FOO=AR sh -c "echo \\$A\\$FOO"'],  {OUT=>"BAR"}],
+
+     # Test quoting inside -S
+     ['q1', q[-S'-i A="B C" ]."$env'",       {OUT=>"A=B C"}],
+     ['q2', q[-S"-i A='B C' ]."$env\"",       {OUT=>"A=B C"}],
+     ['q3', q[-S"-i A=\"B C\" ]."$env\"",     {OUT=>"A=B C"}],
+     # Test backslash-quoting inside quoting inside -S
+     ['q4', q[-S'-i A="B \" C" ]."$env'",    {OUT=>'A=B " C'}],
+     ['q5', q[-S"-i A='B \\' C' ]."$env\"",   {OUT=>"A=B ' C"}],
+     # Single-quotes in double-quotes and vice-versa
+     ['q6', q[-S'-i A="B'"'"'C" ]."$env'",   {OUT=>"A=B'C"}],
+     ['q7', q[-S"-i A='B\\"C' ]."$env\"",     {OUT=>'A=B"C'}],
+
+     # Test tab and space (note: tab here is expanded by perl
+     # and sent to the shell as ASCII 0x9 inside single-quotes).
+     ['t1', qq[-S'-i\tA="B \tC" $env'],    {OUT=>"A=B \tC"}],
+     # Here '\\t' is not interpolated by perl/shell, passed as two characters
+     # (backslash, 't') to env, resulting in one argument ("A<tab>B").
+     ['t2',  qq[-S'printf x%sx\\n A\\tB'],    {OUT=>"xA\tBx"}],
+     # Here '\t' is interpolated by perl, passed as literal tab (ASCII 0x9)
+     # to env, resulting in two arguments ("A" <whitespace> "B").
+     ['t3',  qq[-S'printf x%sx\\n A\tB'],     {OUT=>"xAx\nxBx"}],
+     ['t4',  qq[-S'printf x%sx\\n A \t B'],   {OUT=>"xAx\nxBx"}],
+     # Ensure \v\f\r\n treated like other whitespace.
+     # From 8.30 - 8.32 these would introduce arguments to printf,
+     # and also crash ASAN builds with out of bounds access.
+     ['t5',  qq[-S'printf x%sx\\n A \t B \013\f\r\n'],   {OUT=>"xAx\nxBx"}],
+
+
+     # Test empty strings
+     ['m1', qq[-i -S""    A=B $env],       {OUT=>"A=B"}],
+     ['m2', qq[-i -S"  \t" A=B $env],      {OUT=>"A=B"}],
+
+     # Test escape sequences.
+     # note: in the following, there is no interpolation by perl due
+     # to q[], and no interpolation by the shell due to single-quotes.
+     # env will receive the backslash character followed by t/f/r/n/v.
+     # Also: Perl does not recognize "\v", so use "\013" for vertical tab.
+     ['e1', q[-i -S'A="B\tC" ]."$env'",    {OUT=>"A=B\tC"}],
+     ['e2', q[-i -S'A="B\fC" ]."$env'",    {OUT=>"A=B\fC"}],
+     ['e3', q[-i -S'A="B\rC" ]."$env'",    {OUT=>"A=B\rC"}],
+     ['e4', q[-i -S'A="B\nC" ]."$env'",    {OUT=>"A=B\nC"}],
+     ['e5', q[-i -S'A="B\vC" ]."$env'",    {OUT=>"A=B\013C"}],
+     ['e6', q[-i -S'A="B\$C" ]."$env'",    {OUT=>'A=B$C'}],
+     ['e7', q[-i -S'A=B\$C ]."$env'",      {OUT=>'A=B$C'}],
+     ['e8', q[-i -S'A="B\#C" ]."$env'",    {OUT=>'A=B#C'}],
+     ['e9', q[-i -S'A="B\\\\C" ]."$env'",  {OUT=>'A=B\\C'}],
+     ['e10',q[-i -S"A='B\\\\\\\\C' ]."$env\"",  {OUT=>'A=B\\C'}],
+
+     # Escape in single-quoted string - passed as-is
+     # (the multiple pairs of backslashes are to survive two interpolations:
+     #  by perl and then by the shell due to double-quotes).
+     ['e11',q[-i -S"A='B\\\\tC' ]."$env\"",    {OUT=>'A=B\tC'}],
+     ['e12',q[-i -S"A='B\\\\#C' ]."$env\"",    {OUT=>'A=B\#C'}],
+     ['e13',q[-i -S"A='B\\\\\\$C' ]."$env\"",  {OUT=>'A=B\$C'}],
+     ['e14',q[-i -S"A='B\\\\\\"C' ]."$env\"",  {OUT=>'A=B\"C'}],
+
+     # Special escape sequences:
+     # \_ in duoble-quotes is a space - result is just one envvar 'A'
+     ['e20', q[-i -S'A="B\_C=D" ]."$env'",    {OUT=>'A=B C=D'}],
+     # \_ outside double-quotes is arg separator, the command to
+     # execute should be 'env env'
+     ['e21', q[-i -S'A=B]."\\_$env\\_$env'",    {OUT=>"A=B"}],
+
+     # Test -C inside -S
+     ['c1',  q["-S-C/ pwd"], {OUT=>"/"}],
+     ['c2',  q["-S -C / pwd"], {OUT=>"/"}],
+     ['c3',  q["-S --ch'dir='/ pwd"], {OUT=>"/"}],
+
+     # Test -u inside and outside -S
+     # u1,u2 - establish a baseline, without -S
+     ['u1',  q[      sh -c 'echo =$FOO='], {ENV=>"FOO=BAR"}, {OUT=>"=BAR="}],
+     ['u2',  q[-uFOO sh -c 'echo =$FOO='], {ENV=>"FOO=BAR"}, {OUT=>"=="}],
+     # u3,u4: ${FOO} expanded by env itself before executing sh.
+     #        \\$FOO expanded by sh.
+     # ${FOO} should have value of the original environment
+     # and \\$FOO should be unset, regardlss where -uFOO is used.
+     # 'u3' behavior differs from FreeBSD's but deemed preferable, in
+     # https://lists.gnu.org/r/coreutils/2018-04/msg00014.html
+     ['u3',  q[-uFOO -S'sh -c "echo x${FOO}x =\\$FOO="'],
+      {ENV=>"FOO=BAR"}, {OUT=>"xBARx =="}],
+     ['u4',  q[-S'-uFOO sh -c "echo x${FOO}x =\\$FOO="'],
+      {ENV=>"FOO=BAR"}, {OUT=>"xBARx =="}],
+
+     # Test ENVVAR expansion
+     ['v1', q[-i -S'A=${FOO}     ]."$env'", {ENV=>"FOO=BAR"}, {OUT=>"A=BAR"}],
+     ['v2', q[-i -S'A=x${FOO}x   ]."$env'", {ENV=>"FOO=BAR"}, {OUT=>"A=xBARx"}],
+     ['v3', q[-i -S'A=x${FOO}x   ]."$env'", {ENV=>"FOO="},    {OUT=>"A=xx"}],
+     ['v4', q[-i -S'A=x${FOO}x   ]."$env'",                   {OUT=>"A=xx"}],
+     ['v5', q[-i -S'A="x${FOO}x" ]."$env'", {ENV=>"FOO=BAR"}, {OUT=>"A=xBARx"}],
+     ['v6', q[-i -S'${FOO}=A     ]."$env'", {ENV=>"FOO=BAR"}, {OUT=>"BAR=A"}],
+     # No expansion inside single-quotes
+     ['v7', q[-i -S"A='x\${FOO}x' ]."$env\"",              {OUT=>'A=x${FOO}x'}],
+     ['v8', q[-i -S'A="${_FOO}" ]."$env'",   {ENV=>"_FOO=BAR"}, {OUT=>"A=BAR"}],
+     ['v9', q[-i -S'A="${F_OO}" ]."$env'",   {ENV=>"F_OO=BAR"}, {OUT=>"A=BAR"}],
+     ['v10', q[-i -S'A="${FOO1}" ]."$env'",  {ENV=>"FOO1=BAR"}, {OUT=>"A=BAR"}],
+
+     # Test end-of-string '#" and '\c'
+     ['d1', q[-i -S'A=B #C=D'    ]."$env",  {OUT=>"A=B"}],
+     ['d2', q[-i -S'#A=B C=D'   ]."$env",   {OUT=>""}],
+     ['d3', q[-i -S'A=B#'   ]."$env",       {OUT=>"A=B#"}],
+     ['d4', q[-i -S'A=B #'   ]."$env",      {OUT=>"A=B"}],
+
+     ['d5', q[-i -S'A=B\cC=D'  ]."$env",    {OUT=>"A=B"}],
+     ['d6', q[-i -S'\cA=B C=D' ]."$env",    {OUT=>""}],
+     ['d7', q[-i -S'A=B\c'     ]."$env",    {OUT=>"A=B"}],
+     ['d8', q[-i -S'A=B \c'    ]."$env",    {OUT=>"A=B"}],
+
+     ['d10', q[-S'echo FOO #BAR'],      {OUT=>"FOO"}],
+     ['d11', q[-S'echo FOO \\#BAR'],    {OUT=>"FOO #BAR"}],
+     ['d12', q[-S'echo FOO#BAR'],       {OUT=>"FOO#BAR"}],
+
+     # Test underscore as space/separator in double/single/no quotes
+     ['s1',  q[-S'printf x%sx\\n "A\\_B"'],   {OUT=>"xA Bx"}],
+     ['s2',  q[-S"printf x%sx\\n 'A\\_B'"],   {OUT=>"xA\\_Bx"}],
+     ['s3',  q[-S"printf x%sx\\n A\\_B"],     {OUT=>"xAx\nxBx"}],
+     ['s4',  q[-S"printf x%sx\\n A B"],       {OUT=>"xAx\nxBx"}],
+     ['s5',  q[-S"printf x%sx\\n A  B"],      {OUT=>"xAx\nxBx"}],
+     # test underscore/spaces variations -
+     # ensure they don't generate empty arguments.
+     ['s6',  q[-S"\\_printf x%sx\\n FOO"],          {OUT=>"xFOOx"}],
+     ['s7',  q[-S"printf x%sx\\n FOO\\_"],          {OUT=>"xFOOx"}],
+     ['s8',  q[-S"\\_printf x%sx\\n FOO\\_"],       {OUT=>"xFOOx"}],
+     ['s9',  q[-S"\\_\\_printf x%sx\\n FOO\\_\\_"], {OUT=>"xFOOx"}],
+     ['s10', q[-S" printf x%sx\\n FOO"],            {OUT=>"xFOOx"}],
+     ['s11', q[-S"printf x%sx\\n FOO "],            {OUT=>"xFOOx"}],
+     ['s12', q[-S" printf x%sx\\n FOO "],           {OUT=>"xFOOx"}],
+     ['s13', q[-S"  printf x%sx\\n FOO  "],         {OUT=>"xFOOx"}],
+     ['s14', q[-S'printf\\_x%sx\\n\\_FOO'],         {OUT=>"xFOOx"}],
+     ['s15', q[-S"printf x%sx\\n \\_ FOO"],         {OUT=>"xFOOx"}],
+     ['s16', q[-S"printf x%sx\\n\\_ \\_FOO"],       {OUT=>"xFOOx"}],
+     ['s17', q[-S"\\_ \\_  printf x%sx\\n FOO \\_ \\_"], {OUT=>"xFOOx"}],
+
+     # Check for empty quotes
+     ['eq1',  q[-S'printf x%sx\\n A "" B'], {OUT=>"xAx\nxx\nxBx"}],
+     ['eq2',  q[-S'printf x%sx\\n A"" B'],  {OUT=>"xAx\nxBx"}],
+     ['eq3',  q[-S'printf x%sx\\n A""B'],   {OUT=>"xABx"}],
+     ['eq4',  q[-S'printf x%sx\\n A ""B'],  {OUT=>"xAx\nxBx"}],
+     ['eq5',  q[-S'printf x%sx\\n ""'],     {OUT=>"xx"}],
+     ['eq6',  q[-S'printf x%sx\\n "" '],    {OUT=>"xx"}],
+     ['eq10', q[-S"printf x%sx\\n A '' B"], {OUT=>"xAx\nxx\nxBx"}],
+     ['eq11', q[-S"printf x%sx\\n A'' B"],  {OUT=>"xAx\nxBx"}],
+     ['eq12', q[-S"printf x%sx\\n A''B"],   {OUT=>"xABx"}],
+     ['eq13', q[-S"printf x%sx\\n A ''B"],  {OUT=>"xAx\nxBx"}],
+     ['eq14', q[-S'printf x%sx\\n ""'],     {OUT=>"xx"}],
+     ['eq15', q[-S'printf x%sx\\n "" '],    {OUT=>"xx"}],
+
+     # extreme example - such as could be found on a #! line.
+     ['p10', q[-S"\\_ \\_perl\_-w\_-T\_-e\_'print \"hello\n\";'\\_ \\_"],
+      {OUT=>"hello"}],
+
+     # Test Error Conditions
+     ['err1', q[-S'"\\c"'], {EXIT=>125},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: '\\c' must not appear in double-quoted -S string\n"}],
+     ['err2', q[-S'A=B\\'], {EXIT=>125},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: invalid backslash at end of string in -S\n"}],
+     ['err3', q[-S'"A=B\\"'], {EXIT=>125},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: no terminating quote in -S string\n"}],
+     ['err4', q[-S"'A=B\\\\'"], {EXIT=>125},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: no terminating quote in -S string\n"}],
+     ['err5', q[-S'A=B\\q'], {EXIT=>125},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: invalid sequence '\\q' in -S\n"}],
+     ['err6', q[-S'A=$B'], {EXIT=>125},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: only \${VARNAME} expansion is supported, error at: \$B\n"}],
+     ['err7', q[-S'A=${B'], {EXIT=>125},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: only \${VARNAME} expansion is supported, " .
+           "error at: \${B\n"}],
+     ['err8', q[-S'A=${B%B}'], {EXIT=>125},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: only \${VARNAME} expansion is supported, " .
+           "error at: \${B%B}\n"}],
+     ['err9', q[-S'A=${9B}'], {EXIT=>125},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: only \${VARNAME} expansion is supported, " .
+           "error at: \${9B}\n"}],
+
+     # Test incorrect shebang usage (extraneous whitespace).
+     ['err_sp2', q['-v -S cat -n'], {EXIT=>125},
+      {ERR=>"env: invalid option -- ' '\n" .
+            "env: use -[v]S to pass options in shebang lines\n" .
+           "Try 'env --help' for more information.\n"}],
+     ['err_sp3', q['-v	-S cat -n'], {EXIT=>125}, # embedded tab after -v
+      {ERR=>"env: invalid option -- '\t'\n" .
+            "env: use -[v]S to pass options in shebang lines\n" .
+           "Try 'env --help' for more information.\n"}],
+
+     # Also diagnose incorrect shebang usage when failing to exec.
+     # This typically happens with:
+     #
+     #   $ cat xxx
+     #   #!env -v -S cat -n
+     #
+     #   $ ./xxx
+     #
+     # in which case:
+     #   argv[0] = env
+     #   argv[1] = '-v -S cat -n'
+     #   argv[2] = './xxx'
+     ['err_sp5', q['cat -n' ./xxx], {EXIT=>127},
+      {ERR=>"env: 'cat -n': No such file or directory\n" .
+            "env: use -[v]S to pass options in shebang lines\n"}],
+
+     ['err_sp6', q['cat -n' ./xxx arg], {EXIT=>127},
+      {ERR=>"env: 'cat -n': No such file or directory\n" .
+            "env: use -[v]S to pass options in shebang lines\n"}],
+    );
+
+# Append a newline to end of each expected 'OUT' string.
+my $t;
+foreach $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    my $arg1 = $t->[1];
+    my $e;
+    foreach $e (@$t)
+      {
+        $e->{OUT} .= "\n"
+            if ref $e eq 'HASH' and exists $e->{OUT} and length($e->{OUT})>0;
+      }
+  }
+
+# Repeat above tests with "--debug" option (but discard STDERR).
+my @new;
+foreach my $t (@Tests)
+{
+    #skip tests that are expected to fail
+    next if $t->[0] =~ /^err/;
+
+    my @new_t = @$t;
+    my $test_name = shift @new_t;
+    my $args = shift @new_t;
+    push @new, ["$test_name-debug",
+                "--debug " . $args,
+                @new_t,
+                {ERR_SUBST => 's/.*//ms'}];
+}
+push @Tests, @new;
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{SAVE_TEMPS};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/env-null.sh b/tests/misc/env-null.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0340830
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/env-null.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify behavior of env -0 and printenv -0.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ env printenv
+
+# POSIX is clear that environ may, but need not be, sorted.
+# Environment variable values may contain newlines, which cannot be
+# observed by merely inspecting output from env.
+# Cygwin requires a minimal environment to launch new processes: execve
+# adds missing variables SYSTEMROOT and WINDIR, which show up in a
+# subsequent env.  Cygwin also requires /bin to always be part of PATH,
+# and attempts to unset or reduce PATH may cause execve to fail.
+#
+# For these reasons, it is better to compare two outputs from distinct
+# programs that should be the same, rather than building an exp file.
+env -i PATH="$PATH" env -0 > out1 || fail=1
+env -i PATH="$PATH" printenv -0 > out2 || fail=1
+compare out1 out2 || fail=1
+env -i PATH="$PATH" env --null > out2 || fail=1
+compare out1 out2 || fail=1
+env -i PATH="$PATH" printenv --null > out2 || fail=1
+compare out1 out2 || fail=1
+
+# env -0 does not work if a command is specified.
+returns_ 125 env -0 echo hi > out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+
+# Test env -0 on a one-variable environment.
+printf 'a=b\nc=\0' > exp || framework_failure_
+env -i -0 "$(printf 'a=b\nc=')" > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Test printenv -0 on particular values.
+printf 'b\nc=\0' > exp || framework_failure_
+env "$(printf 'a=b\nc=')" printenv -0 a > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+returns_ 1 env -u a printenv -0 a > out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+returns_ 1 env -u b "$(printf 'a=b\nc=')" printenv -0 b a > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/env-signal-handler.sh b/tests/misc/env-signal-handler.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ff4ffa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/env-signal-handler.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test env --default-signal=PIPE feature.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2019-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ env seq test timeout printf
+trap_sigpipe_or_skip_
+
+# /bin/sh has an intermittent failure in ignoring SIGPIPE on OpenIndiana 11
+# so we require bash as discussed at:
+# https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/coreutils/2020-03/msg00004.html
+require_bash_as_SHELL_
+
+# Paraphrasing http://bugs.gnu.org/34488#8:
+# POSIX requires that sh started with an inherited ignored SIGPIPE must
+# silently ignore all attempts from within the shell to restore SIGPIPE
+# handling to child processes of the shell:
+#
+#    $ (trap '' PIPE; bash -c 'trap - PIPE; seq inf | head -n1')
+#    1
+#    seq: write error: Broken pipe
+#
+# With 'env --default-signal=PIPE', the signal handler can be reset to its
+# default.
+
+# Baseline Test - default signal handler
+# --------------------------------------
+# Ensure this results in a "broken pipe" error (the first 'trap'
+# sets SIGPIPE to ignore, and the second 'trap' becomes a no-op instead
+# of resetting SIGPIPE to its default). Upon a SIGPIPE 'seq' will not be
+# terminated, instead its write(2) call will return an error.
+(trap '' PIPE; $SHELL -c 'trap - PIPE; seq 999999 2>err1t | head -n1 > out1')
+
+# The exact broken pipe message depends on the operating system, just ensure
+# there was a 'write error' message in stderr:
+sed 's/^\(seq: write error:\) .*/\1/' err1t > err1 || framework_failure_
+
+printf "1\n" > exp-out || framework_failure_
+printf "seq: write error:\n" > exp-err1 || framework_failure_
+
+compare exp-out out1 || framework_failure_
+compare exp-err1 err1 || framework_failure_
+
+
+# env test - default signal handler
+# ---------------------------------
+# With env resetting the signal handler to its defaults, there should be no
+# error message (because the default SIGPIPE action is to terminate the
+# 'seq' program):
+(trap '' PIPE;
+ env --default-signal=PIPE \
+    $SHELL -c 'trap - PIPE; seq 999999 2>err2 | head -n1 > out2')
+
+compare exp-out out2 || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err2 || fail=1
+
+# env test - default signal handler (3)
+# -------------------------------------
+# Repeat the previous test, using --default-signal with no signal names,
+# i.e., all signals.
+(trap '' PIPE;
+ env --default-signal \
+    $SHELL -c 'trap - PIPE; seq 999999 2>err4 | head -n1 > out4')
+
+compare exp-out out4 || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err4 || fail=1
+
+# env test - block signal handler
+env --block-signal true || fail=1
+
+env_ignore_delay_()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+
+  # The first 'env' is just to ensure timeout is not a shell built-in.
+  env timeout --verbose --kill-after=.1 --signal=INT $delay \
+    env $env_opt sleep 10 > /dev/null 2>outt
+  # check only the first two lines from stderr, which are printed by timeout.
+  # (operating systems might add more messages, like "killed").
+  sed -n '1,2p' outt > out || framework_failure_
+  compare exp out
+}
+
+# Baseline test - ignore signal handler
+# -------------------------------------
+# Terminate 'sleep' with SIGINT
+# (SIGINT's default action is to terminate a program).
+cat <<\EOF >exp || framework_failure_
+timeout: sending signal INT to command 'env'
+EOF
+env_opt='' retry_delay_ env_ignore_delay_ .1 6 || fail=1
+
+# env test - ignore signal handler
+# --------------------------------
+# Use env to ignore SIGINT - "sleep" should continue running
+# after timeout sends SIGINT, and be killed using SIGKILL.
+cat <<\EOF >exp || framework_failure_
+timeout: sending signal INT to command 'env'
+timeout: sending signal KILL to command 'env'
+EOF
+env_opt='--ignore-signal=INT' retry_delay_ env_ignore_delay_ .1 6 || fail=1
+env_opt='--ignore-signal' retry_delay_ env_ignore_delay_ .1 6 || fail=1
+
+# env test --list-signal-handling
+env --default-signal --ignore-signal=INT --list-signal-handling true \
+  2> err8t || fail=1
+sed 's/(.*)/()/' err8t > err8 || framework_failure_
+env printf 'INT        (): IGNORE\n' > exp-err8 || framework_failure_
+compare exp-err8 err8 || fail=1
+
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/env.sh b/tests/misc/env.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5a63f34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/env.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify behavior of env.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ env pwd nice
+
+# A simple shebang program to call "echo" from symlinks like "./-u" or "./--".
+echo "#!$abs_top_builddir/src/echo simple_echo" > simple_echo \
+  || framework_failure_
+chmod a+x simple_echo || framework_failure_
+
+# Verify we can run the shebang which is not the case if
+# there are spaces in $abs_top_builddir.
+./simple_echo || skip_ "Error running simple_echo script"
+
+# Verify clearing the environment
+a=1
+export a
+env - > out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+env -i > out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+env -u a -i -u a -- > out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+env -i -- a=b > out || fail=1
+echo a=b > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# These tests verify exact status of internal failure.
+returns_ 125 env --- || fail=1 # unknown option
+returns_ 125 env -u || fail=1 # missing option argument
+returns_ 2 env sh -c 'exit 2' || fail=1 # exit status propagation
+returns_ 126 nice . && { returns_ 126 env . || fail=1; } # invalid command
+returns_ 127 env no_such || fail=1 # no such command
+
+# POSIX is clear that environ may, but need not be, sorted.
+# Environment variable values may contain newlines, which cannot be
+# observed by merely inspecting output from env.
+# Cygwin requires a minimal environment to launch new processes: execve
+# adds missing variables SYSTEMROOT and WINDIR, which show up in a
+# subsequent env.  Cygwin also requires /bin to always be part of PATH,
+# and attempts to unset or reduce PATH may cause execve to fail.
+#
+# For these reasons, it is more portable to grep that our desired changes
+# took place, rather than comparing output of env over an entire environment.
+if env | grep '^ENV_TEST' >/dev/null ; then
+  skip_ "environment has potential interference from ENV_TEST*"
+fi
+
+ENV_TEST1=a
+export ENV_TEST1
+>out || framework_failure_
+env ENV_TEST2= > all || fail=1
+grep '^ENV_TEST' all | LC_ALL=C sort >> out || framework_failure_
+env -u ENV_TEST1 ENV_TEST3=c > all || fail=1
+grep '^ENV_TEST' all | LC_ALL=C sort >> out || framework_failure_
+env ENV_TEST1=b > all || fail=1
+grep '^ENV_TEST' all | LC_ALL=C sort >> out || framework_failure_
+env ENV_TEST2= env > all || fail=1
+grep '^ENV_TEST' all | LC_ALL=C sort >> out || framework_failure_
+env -u ENV_TEST1 ENV_TEST3=c env > all || fail=1
+grep '^ENV_TEST' all | LC_ALL=C sort >> out || framework_failure_
+env ENV_TEST1=b env > all || fail=1
+grep '^ENV_TEST' all | LC_ALL=C sort >> out || framework_failure_
+cat <<EOF >exp || framework_failure_
+ENV_TEST1=a
+ENV_TEST2=
+ENV_TEST3=c
+ENV_TEST1=b
+ENV_TEST1=a
+ENV_TEST2=
+ENV_TEST3=c
+ENV_TEST1=b
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# PATH modifications affect exec.
+mkdir unlikely_name || framework_failure_
+cat <<EOF > unlikely_name/also_unlikely || framework_failure_
+#!/bin/sh
+echo pass
+EOF
+chmod +x unlikely_name/also_unlikely || framework_failure_
+returns_ 127 env also_unlikely || fail=1
+test x$(PATH=$PATH:unlikely_name env also_unlikely) = xpass || fail=1
+test x$(env PATH="$PATH":unlikely_name also_unlikely) = xpass || fail=1
+
+# Explicitly put . on the PATH for the rest of this test.
+PATH=$PATH:
+export PATH
+
+# Use -- to end options (but not variable assignments).
+# On some systems, execve("-i") invokes a shebang script ./-i on PATH as
+# '/bin/sh -i', rather than '/bin/sh -- -i', which doesn't do what we want.
+# Avoid the issue by using a shebang to 'echo' passing a second parameter
+# before the '-i'. See the definition of simple_echo before.
+# Test -u, rather than -i, to minimize PATH problems.
+ln -s "simple_echo" ./-u || framework_failure_
+case $(env -u echo echo good) in
+  good) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+case $(env -u echo -- echo good) in
+  good) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+case $(env -- -u pass) in
+  *pass) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+
+# After options have ended, the first argument not containing = is a program.
+returns_ 127 env a=b -- true || fail=1
+ln -s "simple_echo" ./-- || framework_failure_
+case $(env a=b -- true || echo fail) in
+  *true) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+
+# No way to directly invoke program name containing =.
+cat <<EOF >./c=d || framework_failure_
+#!/bin/sh
+echo pass
+EOF
+chmod +x c=d || framework_failure_
+test "x$(env c=d echo fail)" = xfail || fail=1
+test "x$(env -- c=d echo fail)" = xfail || fail=1
+test "x$(env ./c=d echo fail)" = xfail || fail=1
+test "x$(env sh -c 'exec "$@"' sh c=d echo fail)" = xpass || fail=1
+test "x$(sh -c '\c=d echo fail')" = xpass && #dash 0.5.4 fails so check first
+  { test "x$(env sh -c '\c=d echo fail')" = xpass || fail=1; }
+
+# catch unsetenv failure, broken through coreutils 8.0
+returns_ 125 env -u a=b true || fail=1
+returns_ 125 env -u '' true || fail=1
+
+# Verify changing directory.
+mkdir empty || framework_failure_
+returns_ 125 env --chdir=empty/nonexistent true || fail=1
+returns_ 125 env -C empty 2>out || fail=1
+printf '%s\n' \
+  'env: must specify command with --chdir (-C)' \
+  "Try 'env --help' for more information." > exp ||
+  framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+exp=$(cd empty && env pwd) || framework_failure_
+got=$(env --chdir=empty pwd) || fail=1
+test "$exp" = "$got" || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/expand.pl b/tests/misc/expand.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7a77e6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/expand.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Exercise expand.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+my $limits = getlimits ();
+my $UINTMAX_OFLOW = $limits->{UINTMAX_OFLOW};
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+my $prog = 'expand';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my @Tests =
+  (
+   ['t1', '--tabs=3',     {IN=>"a\tb"}, {OUT=>"a  b"}],
+   ['t2', '--tabs=3,6,9', {IN=>"a\tb\tc\td\te"}, {OUT=>"a  b  c  d e"}],
+   ['t3', '--tabs="3 6 9"',   {IN=>"a\tb\tc\td\te"}, {OUT=>"a  b  c  d e"}],
+   # Leading space/commas are silently ignored; Mixing space/commas is allowed.
+   # (a side-effect of allowing direct "-3,9" parameter).
+   ['t4', '--tabs=", 3,6 9"', {IN=>"a\tb\tc\td\te"}, {OUT=>"a  b  c  d e"}],
+   # tab stops parameter without values
+   ['t5', '--tabs=""',        {IN=>"a\tb\tc"}, {OUT=>"a       b       c"}],
+   ['t6', '--tabs=","',       {IN=>"a\tb\tc"}, {OUT=>"a       b       c"}],
+   ['t7', '--tabs=" "',       {IN=>"a\tb\tc"}, {OUT=>"a       b       c"}],
+   ['t8', '--tabs="/"',       {IN=>"a\tb\tc"}, {OUT=>"a       b       c"}],
+
+   # Input field wider than the specified tab list
+   ['if', '--tabs=6,9', {IN=>"a\tbbbbbbbbbbbbb\tc"},
+    {OUT=>"a     bbbbbbbbbbbbb c"}],
+
+   ['i1', '--tabs=3 -i', {IN=>"\ta\tb"}, {OUT=>"   a\tb"}],
+   ['i2', '--tabs=3 -i', {IN=>" \ta\tb"}, {OUT=>"   a\tb"}],
+
+   # Undocumented feature:
+   #   treat "expand -7"  as "expand --tabs 7" ,
+   #   and   "expand -90" as "expand --tabs 90",
+   ['u1', '-3',    {IN=>"a\tb\tc"}, {OUT=>"a  b  c"}],
+   ['u2', '-4 -9', {IN=>"a\tb\tc"}, {OUT=>"a   b    c"}],
+   ['u3', '-11',   {IN=>"a\tb\tc"}, {OUT=>"a          b          c"}],
+   # Test all digits (for full code coverage)
+   ['u4', '-2 -6', {IN=>"a\tb\tc"}, {OUT=>"a b   c"}],
+   ['u5', '-7',    {IN=>"a\tb"},    {OUT=>"a      b"}],
+   ['u6', '-8',    {IN=>"a\tb"},    {OUT=>"a       b"}],
+   # This syntax is handled internally as "-3, -9"
+   ['u7', '-3,9',  {IN=>"a\tb\tc"}, {OUT=>"a  b     c"}],
+
+   # Multiple non-empty files
+   ['f1', '--tabs=4',
+    {IN=>{"in1" => "a\tb\n"}}, {IN=>{"in2" => "c\td\n"}},
+    {OUT=>"a   b\nc   d\n"}],
+   # Multiple files, first file is empty
+   ['f2', '--tabs=4',
+    {IN=>{"in1" => ""}}, {IN=>{"in2" => "c\td\n"}},
+    {OUT=>"c   d\n"}],
+   # Multiple files, second file is empty
+   ['f3', '--tabs=4',
+    {IN=>{"in1" => "a\tb\n"}}, {IN=>{"in2" => ""}},
+    {OUT=>"a   b\n"}],
+
+
+   # Test '\b' (back-space) - subtract one column.
+   #
+   # Note:
+   # In a terminal window, 'expand' will appear to erase the 'a' characters
+   # due to overwriting them with spaces:
+   #
+   #    $ printf 'aaa\b\b\bc\td\n'
+   #    caa     d
+   #    $ printf 'aaa\b\b\bc\td\n' | expand
+   #    c       d
+   #
+   # However the characters are all printed:
+   #
+   #    $ printf 'aaa\b\b\bc\td\n' | expand | od -An -ta
+   #      a   a   a  bs  bs  bs   c  sp  sp  sp  sp  sp  sp  sp   d  nl
+   #
+   # If users ever report a problem with these tests and just
+   # copy&paste from the terminal, their report will be confusing
+   # (the 'a' will not appear).
+   #
+   # To see an example, enable the 'b-confusing' test, and examine the
+   # reported log:
+   #
+   #     expand.pl: test b-confusing: stdout mismatch
+   #     *** b-confusing.2       Fri Jun 24 15:43:21 2016
+   #     --- b-confusing.O       Fri Jun 24 15:43:21 2016
+   #     ***************
+   #     *** 1 ****
+   #     ! c       d
+   #     --- 1 ----
+   #     ! c       d
+   #
+   # ['b-confusing','', {IN=>"aaa\b\b\bc\td\n"}, {OUT=>"c       d\n"}],
+
+   ['b1','', {IN=>"aaa\b\b\bc\td\n"}, {OUT=>"aaa\b\b\bc       d\n"}],
+
+   # \b as first character, when column is zero
+   ['b2','', {IN=>"\bc\td"}, {OUT=>"\bc       d"}],
+
+   # Testing tab list adjusted due to backspaces
+   # ('b3' is the baseline without backspaces).
+   ['b3','--tabs 2,4,6,10',
+    {IN=>"1\t2\t3\t4\t5\n" .
+         "a\tb\tc\td\te\n"},
+    {OUT=>"1 2 3 4   5\n" .
+          "a b c d   e\n"}],
+
+   # On screen this will appear the same as 'b3'
+   ['b4','--tabs 2,4,6,10',
+    {IN=>"1\t2\t3\t4\t5\n" .
+         "a\tbHELLO\b\b\b\b\b\tc\td\te\n"},
+    {OUT=>"1 2 3 4   5\n" .
+          "a bHELLO\b\b\b\b\b c d   e\n"}],
+
+   # On screen on 'bHE' will appear (LLO overwritten by spaces),
+   # 'c' should align with 4, 'd' with 5:
+   #   1 2 3 4   5
+   #   a bHE c   d e
+   ['b5','--tabs 2,4,6,10',
+    {IN=>"1\t2\t3\t4\t5\n" .
+         "a\tbHELLO\b\b\b\tc\td\te\n"},
+    {OUT=>"1 2 3 4   5\n" .
+          "a bHELLO\b\b\b c   d e\n"}],
+
+   # Test the trailing '/' feature which specifies the
+   # tab size to use after the last specified stop
+   ['trail1', '--tabs=1,/5',   {IN=>"\ta\tb\tc"}, {OUT=>" a   b    c"}],
+   ['trail2', '--tabs=2,/5',   {IN=>"\ta\tb\tc"}, {OUT=>"  a  b    c"}],
+   ['trail3', '--tabs=1,2,/5', {IN=>"\ta\tb\tc"}, {OUT=>" a   b    c"}],
+   ['trail4', '--tabs=/5',     {IN=>"\ta\tb"},    {OUT=>"     a    b"}],
+   ['trail5', '--tabs=//5',    {IN=>"\ta\tb"},    {OUT=>"     a    b"}],
+   ['trail5a','--tabs=+/5',    {IN=>"\ta\tb"},    {OUT=>"     a    b"}],
+   ['trail6', '--tabs=/,/5',   {IN=>"\ta\tb"},    {OUT=>"     a    b"}],
+   ['trail7', '--tabs=,/5',    {IN=>"\ta\tb"},    {OUT=>"     a    b"}],
+   ['trail8', '--tabs=1 -t/5', {IN=>"\ta\tb\tc"}, {OUT=>" a   b    c"}],
+   ['trail9', '--tab=1,2 -t/5',{IN=>"\ta\tb\tc"}, {OUT=>" a   b    c"}],
+
+   # Test incremental trailing '+' feature which specifies that
+   # tab stops should continue every increment
+   ['incre0', '--tab=1,+5',    {IN=>"+\t\ta\tb"}, {OUT=>"+          a    b"}],
+   ['incre1', '--tabs=1,+5',   {IN=>"\ta\tb\tc"}, {OUT=>" a    b    c"}],
+   ['incre2', '--tabs=2,+5',   {IN=>"\ta\tb\tc"}, {OUT=>"  a    b    c"}],
+   ['incre3', '--tabs=1,2,+5', {IN=>"\ta\tb\tc"}, {OUT=>" a     b    c"}],
+   ['incre4', '--tabs=+5',     {IN=>"\ta\tb"},    {OUT=>"     a    b"}],
+   ['incre5', '--tabs=++5',    {IN=>"\ta\tb"},    {OUT=>"     a    b"}],
+   ['incre5a','--tabs=/+5',    {IN=>"\ta\tb"},    {OUT=>"     a    b"}],
+   ['incre6', '--tabs=+,+5',   {IN=>"\ta\tb"},    {OUT=>"     a    b"}],
+   ['incre7', '--tabs=,+5',    {IN=>"\ta\tb"},    {OUT=>"     a    b"}],
+   ['incre8', '--tabs=1 -t+5', {IN=>"\ta\tb\tc"}, {OUT=>" a    b    c"}],
+   ['incre9', '--tab=1,2 -t+5',{IN=>"\ta\tb\tc"}, {OUT=>" a     b    c"}],
+
+
+   # Test errors
+   ['e1', '--tabs="a"', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR => "$prog: tab size contains invalid character(s): 'a'\n"}],
+   ['e2', "-t $UINTMAX_OFLOW", {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR => "$prog: tab stop is too large '$UINTMAX_OFLOW'\n"}],
+   ['e3', '--tabs=0',   {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR => "$prog: tab size cannot be 0\n"}],
+   ['e4', '--tabs=3,3', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR => "$prog: tab sizes must be ascending\n"}],
+   ['e5', '--tabs=/3,6,8', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR => "$prog: '/' specifier only allowed with the last value\n"}],
+   ['e6', '-t/3 -t/6', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR => "$prog: '/' specifier only allowed with the last value\n"}],
+   ['e7', '--tabs=3/', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR => "$prog: '/' specifier not at start of number: '/'\n"}],
+  );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/expr-multibyte.pl b/tests/misc/expr-multibyte.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..635b0de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/expr-multibyte.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Exercise expr with multibyte input
+
+# Copyright (C) 2017-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $ME = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+my $limits = getlimits ();
+my $UINTMAX_OFLOW = $limits->{UINTMAX_OFLOW};
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+my $prog = 'expr';
+
+my $locale = $ENV{LOCALE_FR_UTF8};
+! defined $locale || $locale eq 'none'
+  and CuSkip::skip "$ME: this test requires FR-UTF8 locale\n";
+
+
+=pod
+ἔκφρασις (ekphrasis) - "expression" in Ancient Greek.
+=cut
+my $expression = "\x{1F14}\x{3BA}\x{3C6}\x{3C1}\x{3B1}\x{3C3}\x{3B9}\x{3C2}";
+
+
+## NOTE about tests locales:
+## Tests starting with 'mb' will have {ENV=>"LC_ALL=$locale"}
+## added to them automatically - results are multibyte-aware.
+## Tests starting with 'sb' have the same input but will be
+## run under C locale and will be treated as single-bytes.
+## This enables interleaving C/UTF8 tests
+## (for easier comparison of expected results).
+
+my @Tests =
+  (
+   ### length expressions ###
+
+   # sanity check
+   ['mb-l1', 'length abcdef',   {OUT=>"6"}],
+   ['st-l1', 'length abcdef',   {OUT=>"6"}],
+
+   # A single multibyte character in the beginning of the string
+   # \xCE\xB1 is UTF-8 for "U+03B1 GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA"
+   ['mb-l2', "length \xCE\xB1bcdef",   {OUT=>"6"}],
+   ['st-l2', "length \xCE\xB1bcdef",   {OUT=>"7"}],
+
+   # A single multibyte character in the middle of the string
+   # \xCE\xB4 is UTF-8 for "U+03B4 GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA"
+   ['mb-l3', "length abc\xCE\xB4ef",   {OUT=>"6"}],
+   ['st-l3', "length abc\xCE\xB4ef",   {OUT=>"7"}],
+
+   # A single multibyte character in the end of the string
+   ['mb-l4', "length fedcb\xCE\xB1",   {OUT=>"6"}],
+   ['st-l4', "length fedcb\xCE\xB1",   {OUT=>"7"}],
+
+   # A invalid multibyte sequence
+   ['mb-l5', "length \xB1aaa",   {OUT=>"4"}],
+   ['st-l5', "length \xB1aaa",   {OUT=>"4"}],
+
+   # An incomplete multibyte sequence at the end of the string
+   ['mb-l6', "length aaa\xCE",   {OUT=>"4"}],
+   ['st-l6', "length aaa\xCE",   {OUT=>"4"}],
+
+   # An incomplete multibyte sequence at the end of the string
+   ['mb-l7', "length $expression",   {OUT=>"8"}],
+   ['st-l7', "length $expression",   {OUT=>"17"}],
+
+
+
+   ### index expressions ###
+
+   # sanity check
+   ['mb-i1', 'index abcdef fb',   {OUT=>"2"}],
+   ['st-i1', 'index abcdef fb',   {OUT=>"2"}],
+
+   # Search for a single-octet
+   ['mb-i2', "index \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef b",   {OUT=>"2"}],
+   ['st-i2', "index \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef b",   {OUT=>"3"}],
+   ['mb-i3', "index \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef f",   {OUT=>"6"}],
+   ['st-i3', "index \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef f",   {OUT=>"8"}],
+
+   # Search for multibyte character.
+   # In the C locale, the search string is treated as two octets.
+   # the first of them (\xCE) matches the first octet of the input string.
+   ['mb-i4', "index \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef \xCE\xB4",   {OUT=>"4"}],
+   ['st-i4', "index \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef \xCE\xB4",   {OUT=>"1"}],
+
+   # Invalid multibyte sequence in the input string, treated as a single octet.
+   ['mb-i5', "index \xCEbc\xCE\xB4ef \xCE\xB4",   {OUT=>"4"}],
+   ['st-i5', "index \xCEbc\xCE\xB4ef \xCE\xB4",   {OUT=>"1"}],
+
+   # Invalid multibyte sequence in the search string, treated as a single octet.
+   # In multibyte locale, there should be no match, expr returns and prints
+   # zero, and terminates with exit-code 1 (as per POSIX).
+   ['mb-i6', "index \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef \xB4",   {OUT=>"0"}, {EXIT=>1}],
+   ['st-i6', "index \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef \xB4",   {OUT=>"6"}],
+
+   # Edge-case: invalid multibyte sequence BOTH in the input string
+   # and in the search string: expr should find a match.
+   ['mb-i7', "index \xCE\xB1bc\xB4ef \xB4",       {OUT=>"4"}],
+
+
+   ### substr expressions ###
+
+   # sanity check
+   ['mb-s1', 'substr abcdef 2 3',   {OUT=>"bcd"}],
+   ['st-s1', 'substr abcdef 2 3',   {OUT=>"bcd"}],
+
+   ['mb-s2', "substr \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef 1 1",   {OUT=>"\xCE\xB1"}],
+   ['st-s2', "substr \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef 1 1",   {OUT=>"\xCE"}],
+
+   ['mb-s3', "substr \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef 3 2",   {OUT=>"c\xCE\xB4"}],
+   ['st-s3', "substr \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef 3 2",   {OUT=>"bc"}],
+
+   ['mb-s4', "substr \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef 4 1",   {OUT=>"\xCE\xB4"}],
+   ['st-s4', "substr \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef 4 1",   {OUT=>"c"}],
+
+   ['mb-s5', "substr \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef 4 2",   {OUT=>"\xCE\xB4e"}],
+   ['st-s5', "substr \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef 4 2",   {OUT=>"c\xCE"}],
+
+   ['mb-s6', "substr \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef 6 1",   {OUT=>"f"}],
+   ['st-s6', "substr \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef 6 1",   {OUT=>"\xB4"}],
+
+   ['mb-s7', "substr \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef 7 1",   {OUT=>""}, {EXIT=>1}],
+   ['st-s7', "substr \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef 7 1",   {OUT=>"e"}],
+
+   # Invalid multibyte sequences
+   ['mb-s8', "substr \xCE\xB1bc\xB4ef 3 3",   {OUT=>"c\xB4e"}],
+   ['st-s8', "substr \xCE\xB1bc\xB4ef 3 3",   {OUT=>"bc\xB4"}],
+
+
+   ### match expressions ###
+
+   # sanity check
+   ['mb-m1', 'match abcdef ab',   {OUT=>"2"}],
+   ['st-m1', 'match abcdef ab',   {OUT=>"2"}],
+   ['mb-m2', 'match abcdef "\(ab\)"',   {OUT=>"ab"}],
+   ['st-m2', 'match abcdef "\(ab\)"',   {OUT=>"ab"}],
+
+   # The regex engine should match the '.' to the first multibyte character.
+   ['mb-m3', "match \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef .bc", {OUT=>"3"}],
+   ['st-m3', "match \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef .bc", {OUT=>"0"}, {EXIT=>1}],
+
+   # The opposite of the previous test: two dots should only match
+   # the two octets in single-byte locale.
+   ['mb-m4', "match \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef ..bc", {OUT=>"0"}, {EXIT=>1}],
+   ['st-m4', "match \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef ..bc", {OUT=>"4"}],
+
+   # Match with grouping - a single dot should return the two octets
+   ['mb-m5', "match \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef '\\(.b\\)c'", {OUT=>"\xCE\xB1b"}],
+   ['st-m5', "match \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4ef '\\(.b\\)c'", {OUT=>""}, {EXIT=>1}],
+
+   # Invalid multibyte sequences - regex should not match in multibyte locale
+   # (POSIX requirement)
+   ['mb-m6', "match \xCEbc\xCE\xB4ef '\\(.\\)'", {OUT=>""}, {EXIT=>1}],
+   ['st-m6', "match \xCEbc\xCE\xB4ef '\\(.\\)'", {OUT=>"\xCE"}],
+
+
+   # Character classes: in the multibyte case, the regex engine understands
+   # there is a single multibyte characeter in the brackets.
+   # In the single byte case, the regex engine sees two octets in the character
+   # class ('\xCE' and '\xB1') - and it matches the first one.
+   ['mb-m7', "match \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4e '\\([\xCE\xB1]\\)'", {OUT=>"\xCE\xB1"}],
+   ['st-m7', "match \xCE\xB1bc\xCE\xB4e '\\([\xCE\xB1]\\)'", {OUT=>"\xCE"}],
+
+  );
+
+
+# Append a newline to end of each expected 'OUT' string.
+my $t;
+foreach $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    my $arg1 = $t->[1];
+    my $e;
+    foreach $e (@$t)
+      {
+        $e->{OUT} .= "\n"
+          if ref $e eq 'HASH' and exists $e->{OUT};
+      }
+  }
+
+
+# Force multibyte locale in all tests.
+#
+# NOTE about the ERR_SUBST:
+# The error tests above (e1/e2/e3/e4) expect error messages in C locale
+# having single-quote character (ASCII 0x27).
+# In UTF-8 locale, the error messages will use:
+#  'LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK'  (U+2018) (UTF8: 0xE2 0x80 0x98)
+#  'RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK' (U+2019) (UTF8: 0xE2 0x80 0x99)
+# So we replace them with ascii single-quote and the results will
+# match the expected error string.
+if ($locale ne 'C')
+  {
+    my @new;
+    foreach my $t (@Tests)
+      {
+        my ($tname) = @$t;
+        if ($tname =~ /^mb/)
+          {
+            push @$t, ({ENV => "LC_ALL=$locale"},
+                       {ERR_SUBST => "s/\xe2\x80[\x98\x99]/'/g"});
+          }
+      }
+  }
+
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/expr.pl b/tests/misc/expr.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5be0404
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/expr.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Basic tests for "expr".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+my $prog = 'expr';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $mb_locale = $ENV{LOCALE_FR_UTF8};
+! defined $mb_locale || $mb_locale eq 'none'
+  and $mb_locale = 'C';
+
+my $big =      '98782897298723498732987928734';
+my $big_p1 =   '98782897298723498732987928735';
+my $big_sum = '197565794597446997465975857469';
+my $big_prod = '9758060798730154302876482828124348356960410232492450771490';
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['a', '5 + 6', {OUT => '11'}],
+     ['b', '5 - 6', {OUT => '-1'}],
+     ['c', '5 \* 6', {OUT => '30'}],
+     ['d', '100 / 6', {OUT => '16'}],
+     ['e', '100 % 6', {OUT => '4'}],
+     ['f', '3 + -2', {OUT => '1'}],
+     ['g', '-2 + -2', {OUT => '-4'}],
+
+     # Verify option processing.
+     # Added when option processing broke in the 7.0 beta release
+     ['opt1', '-- -11 + 12', {OUT => '1'}],
+     ['opt2', '-11 + 12', {OUT => '1'}],
+     ['opt3', '-- -1 + 2', {OUT => '1'}],
+     ['opt4', '-1 + 2', {OUT => '1'}],
+     # This evoked a syntax error diagnostic before 2.0.12.
+     ['opt5', '-- 2 + 2', {OUT => '4'}],
+
+     ['paren1', '\( 100 % 6 \)', {OUT => '4'}],
+     ['paren2', '\( 100 % 6 \) - 8', {OUT => '-4'}],
+     ['paren3', '9 / \( 100 % 6 \) - 8', {OUT => '-6'}],
+     ['paren4', '9 / \( \( 100 % 6 \) - 8 \)', {OUT => '-2'}],
+     ['paren5', '9 + \( 100 % 6 \)', {OUT => '13'}],
+
+     # Before 2.0.12, this would output '1'.
+     ['0bang', '00 \< 0!', {OUT => '0'}, {EXIT => 1}],
+
+     # In 5.1.3 and earlier, these would exit with status 0.
+     ['00', '00', {OUT => '00'}, {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['minus0', '-0', {OUT => '-0'}, {EXIT => 1}],
+
+     # In 5.1.3 and earlier, these would report errors.
+     ['andand', '0 \& 1 / 0', {OUT => '0'}, {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['oror', '1 \| 1 / 0', {OUT => '1'}, {EXIT => 0}],
+
+     # In 5.1.3 and earlier, this would output the empty string.
+     ['orempty', '"" \| ""', {OUT => '0'}, {EXIT => 1}],
+
+
+     # This erroneously succeeded and output '3' before 2.0.12.
+     ['fail-a', '3 + -', {ERR => "$prog: non-integer argument\n"},
+      {EXIT => 2}],
+
+     # This erroneously succeeded before 5.3.1.
+     ['bigcmp', '-- -2417851639229258349412352 \< 2417851639229258349412352',
+      {OUT => '1'}, {EXIT => 0}],
+
+     # In 5.94 and earlier, anchors incorrectly matched newlines.
+     ['anchor', "'a\nb' : 'a\$'", {OUT => '0'}, {EXIT => 1}],
+
+     # In 8.32, \( ... \) that did not match caused memory errors.
+     ['emptysub', '"a" : "\\(b\\)*"', {OUT => ''}, {EXIT => 1}],
+
+     # These tests are taken from grep/tests/bre.tests.
+     ['bre1', '"abc" : "a\\(b\\)c"', {OUT => 'b'}],
+     ['bre2', '"a(" : "a("', {OUT => '2'}],
+     ['bre3', '_ : "a\\("',
+      {ERR => "$prog: Unmatched ( or \\(\n"}, {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['bre4', '_ : "a\\(b"',
+      {ERR => "$prog: Unmatched ( or \\(\n"}, {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['bre5', '"a(b" : "a(b"', {OUT => '3'}],
+     ['bre6', '"a)" : "a)"', {OUT => '2'}],
+     ['bre7', '_ : "a\\)"',
+      {ERR => "$prog: Unmatched ) or \\)\n"}, {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['bre8', '_ : "\\)"',
+      {ERR => "$prog: Unmatched ) or \\)\n"}, {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['bre9', '"ab" : "a\\(\\)b"', {OUT => ''}, {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['bre10', '"a^b" : "a^b"', {OUT => '3'}],
+     ['bre11', '"a\$b" : "a\$b"', {OUT => '3'}],
+     ['bre12', '"" : "\\($\\)\\(^\\)"', {OUT => ''}, {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['bre13', '"b" : "a*\\(^b\$\\)c*"', {OUT => 'b'}],
+     ['bre14', '"X|" : "X\\(|\\)" : "(" "X|" : "X\\(|\\)" ")"', {OUT => '1'}],
+     ['bre15', '"X*" : "X\\(*\\)" : "(" "X*" : "X\\(*\\)" ")"', {OUT => '1'}],
+     ['bre16', '"abc" : "\\(\\)"', {OUT => ''}, {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['bre17', '"{1}a" : "\\(\\{1\\}a\\)"', {OUT => '{1}a'}],
+     ['bre18', '"X*" : "X\\(*\\)" : "^*"', {OUT => '1'}],
+     ['bre19', '"{1}" : "^\\{1\\}"', {OUT => '3'}],
+     ['bre20', '"{" : "{"', {OUT => '1'}],
+     ['bre21', '"abbcbd" : "a\\(b*\\)c\\1d"', {OUT => ''}, {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['bre22', '"abbcbbbd" : "a\\(b*\\)c\\1d"', {OUT => ''}, {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['bre23', '"abc" : "\\(.\\)\\1"', {OUT => ''}, {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['bre24', '"abbccd" : "a\\(\\([bc]\\)\\2\\)*d"', {OUT => 'cc'}],
+     ['bre25', '"abbcbd" : "a\\(\\([bc]\\)\\2\\)*d"',
+      {OUT => ''}, {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['bre26', '"abbbd" : "a\\(\\(b\\)*\\2\\)*d"', {OUT => 'bbb'}],
+     ['bre27', '"aabcd" : "\\(a\\)\\1bcd"', {OUT => 'a'}],
+     ['bre28', '"aabcd" : "\\(a\\)\\1bc*d"', {OUT => 'a'}],
+     ['bre29', '"aabd" : "\\(a\\)\\1bc*d"', {OUT => 'a'}],
+     ['bre30', '"aabcccd" : "\\(a\\)\\1bc*d"', {OUT => 'a'}],
+     ['bre31', '"aabcccd" : "\\(a\\)\\1bc*[ce]d"', {OUT => 'a'}],
+     ['bre32', '"aabcccd" : "\\(a\\)\\1b\\(c\\)*cd\$"', {OUT => 'a'}],
+     ['bre33', '"a*b" : "a\\(*\\)b"', {OUT => '*'}],
+     ['bre34', '"ab" : "a\\(**\\)b"', {OUT => ''}, {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['bre35', '"ab" : "a\\(***\\)b"', {OUT => ''}, {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['bre36', '"*a" : "*a"', {OUT => '2'}],
+     ['bre37', '"a" : "**a"', {OUT => '1'}],
+     ['bre38', '"a" : "***a"', {OUT => '1'}],
+     ['bre39', '"ab" : "a\\{1\\}b"', {OUT => '2'}],
+     ['bre40', '"ab" : "a\\{1,\\}b"', {OUT => '2'}],
+     ['bre41', '"aab" : "a\\{1,2\\}b"', {OUT => '3'}],
+     ['bre42', '_ : "a\\{1"',
+      {ERR => "$prog: Unmatched \\{\n"}, {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['bre43', '_ : "a\\{1a"',
+      {ERR => "$prog: Unmatched \\{\n"}, {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['bre44', '_ : "a\\{1a\\}"',
+      {ERR => "$prog: Invalid content of \\{\\}\n"}, {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['bre45', '"a" : "a\\{,2\\}"', {OUT => '1'}],
+     ['bre46', '"a" : "a\\{,\\}"', {OUT => '1'}],
+     ['bre47', '_ : "a\\{1,x\\}"',
+      {ERR => "$prog: Invalid content of \\{\\}\n"}, {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['bre48', '_ : "a\\{1,x"',
+      {ERR => "$prog: Unmatched \\{\n"}, {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['bre49', '_ : "a\\{32768\\}"',
+      {ERR => "$prog: Invalid content of \\{\\}\n"}, {EXIT => 2},
+      # Map AIX-6's different diagnostic to the one we expect:
+      {ERR_SUBST =>
+       's,Regular expression too big,Invalid content of \\\\{\\\\},'},
+      ],
+     ['bre50', '_ : "a\\{1,0\\}"',
+      {ERR => "$prog: Invalid content of \\{\\}\n"}, {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['bre51', '"acabc" : ".*ab\\{0,0\\}c"', {OUT => '2'}],
+     ['bre52', '"abcac" : "ab\\{0,1\\}c"', {OUT => '3'}],
+     ['bre53', '"abbcac" : "ab\\{0,3\\}c"', {OUT => '4'}],
+     ['bre54', '"abcac" : ".*ab\\{1,1\\}c"', {OUT => '3'}],
+     ['bre55', '"abcac" : ".*ab\\{1,3\\}c"', {OUT => '3'}],
+     ['bre56', '"abbcabc" : ".*ab\{2,2\}c"', {OUT => '4'}],
+     ['bre57', '"abbcabc" : ".*ab\{2,4\}c"', {OUT => '4'}],
+     ['bre58', '"aa" : "a\\{1\\}\\{1\\}"', {OUT => '1'}],
+     ['bre59', '"aa" : "a*\\{1\\}"', {OUT => '2'}],
+     ['bre60', '"aa" : "a\\{1\\}*"', {OUT => '2'}],
+     ['bre61', '"acd" : "a\\(b\\)?c\\1d"', {OUT => ''}, {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['bre62', '-- "-5" : "-\\{0,1\\}[0-9]*\$"', {OUT => '2'}],
+
+     ['fail-c', {ERR => "$prog: missing operand\n"
+                 . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"},
+      {EXIT => 2}],
+
+     ['bignum-add', "$big + 1", {OUT => $big_p1}],
+     ['bignum-add2', "$big + $big_p1", {OUT => $big_sum}],
+     ['bignum-sub', "$big_p1 - 1", {OUT => $big}],
+     ['bignum-sub2', "$big_sum - $big", {OUT => $big_p1}],
+     ['bignum-mul', "$big_p1 '*' $big", {OUT => $big_prod}],
+     ['bignum-div', "$big_prod / $big", {OUT => $big_p1}],
+
+
+     # Test syntax error messages
+     ['se0', '9 9',
+      {ERR => "$prog: syntax error: unexpected argument '9'\n"}, {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['se1', "2 a", {EXIT=>2},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: syntax error: unexpected argument 'a'\n"}],
+     ['se2', "2 '+'", {EXIT=>2},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: syntax error: missing argument after '+'\n"}],
+     ['se3', "2 :", {EXIT=>2},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: syntax error: missing argument after ':'\n"}],
+     ['se4', "length", {EXIT=>2},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: syntax error: missing argument after 'length'\n"}],
+     ['se5', "'(' 2 ", {EXIT=>2},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: syntax error: expecting ')' after '2'\n"}],
+     ['se6', "'(' 2 a", {EXIT=>2},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: syntax error: expecting ')' instead of 'a'\n"}],
+    );
+
+# Append a newline to end of each expected 'OUT' string.
+my $t;
+foreach $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    my $arg1 = $t->[1];
+    my $e;
+    foreach $e (@$t)
+      {
+        $e->{OUT} .= "\n"
+          if ref $e eq 'HASH' and exists $e->{OUT};
+      }
+  }
+
+# Try multibyte locale in most tests.
+#
+if ($mb_locale ne 'C')
+  {
+    # Duplicate each test vector, appending "-mb" to the test name and
+    # inserting {ENV => "LC_ALL=$mb_locale"} in the copy, so that we
+    # provide coverage for the distro-added multi-byte code paths.
+    my @new;
+    foreach my $t (@Tests)
+      {
+        # Don't add the quote varying tests to the multi-byte set
+        $t->[0] =~ /^se/
+        and next;
+
+        my @new_t = @$t;
+        my $test_name = shift @new_t;
+
+        push @new, ["$test_name-mb", @new_t, {ENV => "LC_ALL=$mb_locale"}];
+      }
+    push @Tests, @new;
+  }
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{SAVE_TEMPS};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/factor-parallel.sh b/tests/misc/factor-parallel.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..153f6cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/factor-parallel.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test for complete lines on output
+
+# Copyright (C) 2015-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ factor
+
+
+odd() { LC_ALL=C sed '/[24680]$/d'; }
+primes() { LC_ALL=C sed 's/.*: //; / /d'; }
+
+# Before v8.24 the number reported here would vary
+# Note -u not supplied to split, increased batching of quickly processed items.
+# As processing cost increases it becomes advantageous to use -u to keep
+# the factor processes supplied with data.
+nprimes=$(seq 1e6 | odd | split -nr/4 --filter='factor' | primes | wc -l)
+
+test "$nprimes" = '78498' || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/factor.pl b/tests/misc/factor.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a12768b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/factor.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Basic tests for "factor".
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+my $prog = 'factor';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['1', '9',          {OUT => '3 3'}],
+     ['1a', '7',         {OUT => '7'}],
+     ['1b', '  +7',      {OUT => '7'}],
+     ['2', '4294967291', {OUT => '4294967291'}],
+     ['3', '4294967292', {OUT => '2 2 3 3 7 11 31 151 331'}],
+     ['4', '4294967293', {OUT => '9241 464773'}],
+
+     ['a', '4294966201', {OUT => '12197 352133'}],
+     ['b', '4294966339', {OUT => '13187 325697'}],
+     ['c', '4294966631', {OUT => '13729 312839'}],
+     ['d', '4294966457', {OUT => '14891 288427'}],
+     ['e', '4294966759', {OUT => '21649 198391'}],
+     ['f', '4294966573', {OUT => '23071 186163'}],
+     ['g', '4294967101', {OUT => '23603 181967'}],
+     ['h', '4294966519', {OUT => '34583 124193'}],
+     ['i', '4294966561', {OUT => '36067 119083'}],
+     ['j', '4294966901', {OUT => '37747 113783'}],
+     ['k', '4294966691', {OUT => '39241 109451'}],
+     ['l', '4294966969', {OUT => '44201 97169'}],
+     ['m', '4294967099', {OUT => '44483 96553'}],
+     ['n', '4294966271', {OUT => '44617 96263'}],
+     ['o', '4294966789', {OUT => '50411 85199'}],
+     ['p', '4294966189', {OUT => '53197 80737'}],
+     ['q', '4294967213', {OUT => '57139 75167'}],
+     ['s', '4294967071', {OUT => '65521 65551'}],
+     ['t', '4294966194', {OUT => '2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 53 97 191'}],
+     ['u', '4294966272', {OUT => '2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 23 89 683'}],
+     ['v', '4294966400', {OUT => '2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 5 1342177'}],
+     ['w', '4294966464', {OUT => '2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2485513'}],
+     ['x', '4294966896', {OUT => '2 2 2 2 3 3 3 11 607 1489'}],
+     ['y', '4294966998', {OUT => '2 3 7 3917 26107'}],
+     ['z', '-1',
+      # Map newer glibc diagnostic to expected.
+      # Also map OpenBSD 5.1's "unknown option" to expected "invalid option".
+      {ERR_SUBST => q!s/'1'/1/;s/unknown/invalid/!},
+      {ERR => "$prog: invalid option -- 1\n"
+       . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"},
+      {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['cont', 'a 4',
+      {OUT => "4: 2 2\n"},
+      {ERR => "$prog: 'a' is not a valid positive integer\n"},
+      {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['bug-2012-a', '465658903', {OUT => '15259 30517'}],
+     ['bug-2012-b', '2242724851', {OUT => '33487 66973'}],
+     ['bug-2012-c', '6635692801', {OUT => '57601 115201'}],
+     ['bug-2012-d', '17709149503', {OUT => '94099 188197'}],
+     ['bug-2012-e', '17754345703', {OUT => '94219 188437'}],
+     # Infinite loop bugs in v8.20 to 8.26 inclusive
+     ['bug-2016-a', '158909489063877810457',
+      {OUT => '3401347 3861211 12099721'}],
+     ['bug-2016-b', '222087527029934481871',
+      {OUT => '15601 26449 111427 4830277'}],
+     ['bug-2016-c', '12847291069740315094892340035',
+      {OUT => '5 4073 18899 522591721 63874247821'}],
+     ['bug-gmp-2_sup_128', '340282366920938463463374607431768211456',
+      {OUT => '2 'x127 . '2'}],
+     ['bug-gmp-2_sup_256',
+      '115792089237316195423570985008687907853'
+      . '269984665640564039457584007913129639936',
+      {OUT => '2 'x255 . '2'}],
+     ['bug-gmp-plus_2_sup_128_plus_1',
+      '+170141183460469231731687303715884105729',
+      {OUT => '3 56713727820156410577229101238628035243'}],
+    );
+
+
+# Prepend the command line argument and append a newline to end
+# of each expected 'OUT' string.
+my $t;
+
+Test:
+foreach $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    (my $arg1 = $t->[1]) =~ s| *\+?||;
+
+    # Don't fiddle with expected OUT string if there's a nonzero exit status.
+    foreach my $e (@$t)
+      {
+        ref $e eq 'HASH' && exists $e->{EXIT} && $e->{EXIT}
+          and next Test;
+      }
+
+    foreach my $e (@$t)
+      {
+        ref $e eq 'HASH' && exists $e->{OUT}
+          and $e->{OUT} = "$arg1: $e->{OUT}\n"
+      }
+  }
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{SAVE_TEMPS};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/false-status.sh b/tests/misc/false-status.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5f4ab7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/false-status.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that false exits nonzero even with --help or --version
+# and ensure that true exits nonzero when it can't write --help or --version
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ false true
+
+returns_ 1 env false --version > /dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 env false --help > /dev/null || fail=1
+
+if test -w /dev/full && test -c /dev/full; then
+  returns_ 1 env true --version > /dev/full || fail=1
+  returns_ 1 env true --help > /dev/full || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/fold.pl b/tests/misc/fold.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2834f92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/fold.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Exercise fold.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my @Tests =
+  (
+   ['s1', '-w2 -s', {IN=>"a\t"}, {OUT=>"a\n\t"}],
+   ['s2', '-w4 -s', {IN=>"abcdef d\n"}, {OUT=>"abcd\nef d\n"}],
+   ['s3', '-w4 -s', {IN=>"a cd fgh\n"}, {OUT=>"a \ncd \nfgh\n"}],
+   ['s4', '-w4 -s', {IN=>"abc ef\n"}, {OUT=>"abc \nef\n"}],
+  );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $prog = 'fold';
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/groups-dash.sh b/tests/misc/groups-dash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d4d2dcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/groups-dash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure groups handles -- sanely
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ groups
+
+# An invalid user name
+user=:invalid
+
+printf '%s\n' "groups: ':invalid': no such user" > exp || framework_failure_
+
+# Coreutils 6.9 and earlier failed to display information on first argument
+# if later argument was --.
+returns_ 1 groups $user -- > out 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/groups-process-all.sh b/tests/misc/groups-process-all.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..77be78f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/groups-process-all.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure groups processes all arguments before exiting.
+# With coreutils-2.27 and prior, it would exit upon first failure.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2017-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ groups
+
+returns_ 1 groups :1 :2 :3 2> err || fail=1
+test $(wc -l < err) = 3 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/groups-version.sh b/tests/misc/groups-version.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..14ba4bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/groups-version.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure groups --version output is similar to id --version
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ groups
+
+groups --version | sed 's/^groups/id/; /^$/q' > out || fail=1
+id --version | sed '/^$/q' > exp || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/head-c.sh b/tests/misc/head-c.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7655ff3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/head-c.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# exercise head -c
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ head
+getlimits_
+
+vm=$(get_min_ulimit_v_ head -c1 /dev/null) \
+  || skip_ "this shell lacks ulimit support"
+
+# exercise the fix of 2001-08-18, based on test case from Ian Bruce
+echo abc > in || framework_failure_
+(head -c1; head -c1) < in > out || fail=1
+case "$(cat out)" in
+  ab) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+
+# Test for a bug in coreutils 5.0.1 through 8.22.
+printf 'abc\ndef\n' > in1 || framework_failure_
+(dd bs=1 skip=1 count=0 status=none && head -c-4) < in1 > out1 || fail=1
+case "$(cat out1)" in
+  bc) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+
+# Only allocate memory as needed.
+# Coreutils <= 8.21 would allocate memory up front
+# based on the value passed to -c
+(ulimit -v $(($vm+8000)) && head --bytes=-$SSIZE_MAX < /dev/null) || fail=1
+
+# Make sure it works on funny files in /proc and /sys.
+
+for file in /proc/version /sys/kernel/profiling; do
+  if test -r $file; then
+    cp -f $file copy &&
+    head -c -1 copy > exp1 || framework_failure_
+
+    head -c -1 $file > out1 || fail=1
+    compare exp1 out1 || fail=1
+  fi
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/head-elide-tail.pl b/tests/misc/head-elide-tail.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..16f5f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/head-elide-tail.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Exercise head's --bytes=-N option.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+$ENV{PROG} = 'head';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+# This should match the definition in head.c.
+my $READ_BUFSIZE = 8192;
+
+my @Tests =
+  (
+   # Elide the exact size of the file.
+   ['elide-b1', "--bytes=-2", {IN=>"a\n"}, {OUT=>''}],
+   # Elide more than the size of the file.
+   ['elide-b2', "--bytes=-2", {IN=>"a"},   {OUT=>''}],
+   # Leave just one byte.
+   ['elide-b3', "--bytes=-2", {IN=>"abc"}, {OUT=>'a'}],
+   # Make it so the elided bytes straddle the end of the first
+   # $READ_BUFSIZE block.
+   ['elide-b4', "--bytes=-2",
+    {IN=> 'a' x ($READ_BUFSIZE-3) . "\nbcd"},
+    {OUT=>'a' x ($READ_BUFSIZE-3) . "\nb"}],
+   # Make it so the elided bytes straddle the end of the 2nd
+   # $READ_BUFSIZE block.
+   ['elide-b5', "--bytes=-2",
+    {IN=> 'a' x (2 * $READ_BUFSIZE - 2) . 'bcd'},
+    {OUT=>'a' x (2 * $READ_BUFSIZE - 2) . 'b'}],
+
+   ['elide-l0', "--lines=-1", {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}],
+   ['elide-l1', "--lines=-1", {IN=>"a\n"}, {OUT=>''}],
+   ['elide-l2', "--lines=-1", {IN=>"a"}, {OUT=>''}],
+   ['elide-l3', "--lines=-1", {IN=>"a\nb"}, {OUT=>"a\n"}],
+   ['elide-l4', "--lines=-1", {IN=>"a\nb\n"}, {OUT=>"a\n"}],
+   ['elide-l5', "--lines=-0", {IN=>"a\nb\n"}, {OUT=>"a\nb\n"}],
+   ['elide-l6', "--lines=-0", {IN=>"a\nb"}, {OUT=>"a\nb"}],
+  );
+
+if ($ENV{RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS})
+  {
+    # Brute force: use all combinations of file sizes [0..20] and
+    # number of bytes to elide [0..20].  For better coverage, recompile
+    # head with -DHEAD_TAIL_PIPE_READ_BUFSIZE=4 and
+    # -DHEAD_TAIL_PIPE_BYTECOUNT_THRESHOLD=8
+    my $s = "abcdefghijklmnopqrst";
+    for my $file_size (0..20)
+      {
+        for my $n_elide (0..20)
+          {
+            my $input = substr $s, 0, $file_size;
+            my $out_len = $n_elide < $file_size ? $file_size - $n_elide : 0;
+            my $output = substr $input, 0, $out_len;
+            my $t = ["elideb$file_size-$n_elide", "--bytes=-$n_elide",
+                     {IN=>$input}, {OUT=>$output}];
+            push @Tests, $t;
+            my @u = @$t;
+            # Insert the ---presume-input-pipe option.
+            $u[0] .= 'p';
+            $u[1] .= ' ---presume-input-pipe';
+            push @Tests, \@u;
+          }
+      }
+
+    $s =~ s/(.)/$1\n/g;
+    $s .= 'u'; # test without trailing '\n'
+    for my $file_size (0..21)
+      {
+        for my $n_elide (0..21)
+          {
+            my $input = substr $s, 0, 2 * $file_size;
+            my $out_len = $n_elide < $file_size ? $file_size - $n_elide : 0;
+            my $output = substr $input, 0, 2 * $out_len;
+            my $t = ["elidel$file_size-$n_elide", "--lines=-$n_elide",
+                     {IN=>$input}, {OUT=>$output}];
+            push @Tests, $t;
+            my @u = @$t;
+            # Insert the ---presume-input-pipe option.
+            $u[0] .= 'p';
+            $u[1] .= ' ---presume-input-pipe';
+            push @Tests, \@u;
+          }
+      }
+  }
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $prog = $ENV{PROG} || die "$0: \$PROG not specified in environment\n";
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/head-pos.sh b/tests/misc/head-pos.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3715e90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/head-pos.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# When reading a specified number of lines, ensure that the output
+# file pointer is positioned just after those lines.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ head
+
+(echo a; echo b) > in || framework_failure_
+echo b > exp || framework_failure_
+
+for i in -1 1; do
+  (head -n $i >/dev/null; cat) < in > out || fail=1
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+done
+
+# Exercise the (start_pos < pos) block in elide_tail_lines_seekable.
+# So far, this is the only test to do that.
+# Do that by creating a file larger than BUFSIZ (I've seen 128K) and
+# elide a suffix of it (by line count) that is also larger than BUFSIZ.
+# 50000 lines times 6 bytes per line gives us enough leeway even on a
+# system with a BUFSIZ of 256K.
+n_lines=50000
+seq 70000 > in2 || framework_failure_
+echo $n_lines > exp-n || framework_failure_
+
+(head -n-$n_lines>/dev/null; wc -l) < in2 > n
+compare exp-n n || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/head-write-error.sh b/tests/misc/head-write-error.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6362261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/head-write-error.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure we diagnose and not continue writing to
+# the output if we get a write error.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ head
+
+if ! test -w /dev/full || ! test -c /dev/full; then
+  skip_ '/dev/full is required'
+fi
+
+# We can't use /dev/zero as that's bypassed in the --lines case
+# due to lseek() indicating it has a size of zero.
+yes | head -c10M > bigseek || framework_failure_
+
+# This is the single output diagnostic expected,
+# (without the possibly varying :strerror(ENOSPC) suffix).
+printf '%s\n' "head: error writing 'standard output'" > exp
+
+# Memory is bounded in these cases
+for item in lines bytes; do
+  for N in 0 1; do
+    # pipe case
+    yes | returns_ 1 timeout 10s head --$item=-$N > /dev/full 2> errt || fail=1
+    sed 's/\(head:.*\):.*/\1/' errt > err
+    compare exp err || fail=1
+
+    # seekable case
+    returns_ 1 timeout 10s head --$item=-$N bigseek > /dev/full 2> errt \
+        || fail=1
+    sed 's/\(head:.*\):.*/\1/' errt > err
+    compare exp err || fail=1
+  done
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/head.pl b/tests/misc/head.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5c767cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/head.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# test head
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+my $prog = 'head';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $in = join ('', map { "$_\n" } 0..600);
+my $in_1024 = substr $in, 0, 1024;
+
+# FIXME: set this properly
+my $x32_bit_long = 0;
+
+my @Tests =
+(
+  ['idem-0', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}],
+  ['idem-1', {IN=>'a'}, {OUT=>'a'}],
+  ['idem-2', {IN=>"\n"}, {OUT=>"\n"}],
+  ['idem-3', {IN=>"a\n"}, {OUT=>"a\n"}],
+
+  ['basic-10',
+   {IN=>"1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n0\n"},
+   {OUT=>"1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n0\n"}],
+
+  ['basic-09',
+   {IN=>"1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n"},
+   {OUT=>"1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n"}],
+
+  ['basic-11',
+   {IN=>"1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n0\nb\n"},
+   {OUT=>"1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n0\n"}],
+
+  ['obs-0', '-1', {IN=>"1\n2\n"}, {OUT=>"1\n"}],
+  ['obs-1', '-1c', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}],
+  ['obs-2', '-1c', {IN=>'12'}, {OUT=>'1'}],
+  ['obs-3', '-14c', {IN=>'1234567890abcdefg'}, {OUT=>'1234567890abcd'}],
+  ['obs-4', '-2b', {IN=>$in}, {OUT=>$in_1024}],
+  ['obs-5', '-1k', {IN=>$in}, {OUT=>$in_1024}],
+
+  # This test fails for textutils-1.22, because head let 4096m overflow to 0
+  # and did not fail.  Now head fails with a diagnostic.
+  # Disable this test because it fails on systems with 64-bit uintmax_t.
+  # ['fail-0', qw(-n 4096m), {IN=>"a\n"}, {EXIT=>1}],
+
+  # In spite of its name, this test passes -- just to contrast with the above.
+  ['fail-1', qw(-n 2048m), {IN=>"a\n"}, {OUT=>"a\n"}],
+
+  # Make sure we don't break like AIX 4.3.1 on files with \0 in them.
+  ['null-1', {IN=>"a\0a\n"}, {OUT=>"a\0a\n"}],
+
+  # Make sure counts are interpreted as decimal.
+  # Before 2.0f, these would have been interpreted as octal
+  ['no-oct-1', '-08',  {IN=>"\n"x12}, {OUT=>"\n"x8}],
+  ['no-oct-2', '-010', {IN=>"\n"x12}, {OUT=>"\n"x10}],
+  ['no-oct-3', '-n 08', {IN=>"\n"x12}, {OUT=>"\n"x8}],
+  ['no-oct-4', '-c 08', {IN=>"\n"x12}, {OUT=>"\n"x8}],
+
+  # --zero-terminated
+  ['zero-1', '-z -n 1',  {IN=>"x\0y"}, {OUT=>"x\0"}],
+  ['zero-2', '-z -n 2',  {IN=>"x\0y"}, {OUT=>"x\0y"}],
+);
+
+@Tests = triple_test \@Tests;
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($prog, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/help-version-getopt.sh b/tests/misc/help-version-getopt.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2e01b41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/help-version-getopt.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure --version and --help options are processed before
+# any other options by some programs.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2019-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ yes
+
+programs="cksum dd hostid hostname link logname nohup
+sleep tsort unlink uptime users whoami yes"
+
+# All these variations should show the help/version screen
+# regardless of their position on the command line arguments.
+for prog in $programs; do
+  # skip if the program is not built (e.g., hostname)
+  case " $built_programs " in
+  *" $prog "*) ;;
+  *) continue;;
+  esac
+
+  for opt in --help --version; do
+    rm -f exp out1 out2 out3 || framework_failure_
+
+    # Get the reference output
+    env $prog $opt >exp || fail=1
+
+    # Test: some other argument AFTER --help/--version.
+    env $prog $opt AFTER > out1 || fail=1
+    compare exp out1 || fail=1
+
+    # nohup is an exception: stops processing after first non-option parameter.
+    # E.g., "nohup df --help" should run "df --help", not "df --help".
+    if [ "$prog" = nohup ]; then
+      rm -f exp  || framework_failure_
+      df $opt > exp || framework_failure_
+      BEFORE=df
+    else
+      BEFORE=BEFORE
+    fi
+
+    # Test: some other argument BEFORE --help/--version.
+    env $prog $BEFORE $opt > out2 || fail=1
+    compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+    # Test: some other arguments BEFORE and AFTER --help/--version.
+    env $prog $BEFORE $opt AFTER > out3 || fail=1
+    compare exp out3 || fail=1
+  done
+done
+
+# After end-of-options marker (--), the options should not be parsed.
+# Test with 'yes', and assume the common code will work the
+# same for the other programs.
+cat >exp <<\EOF || framework_failure_
+--help
+EOF
+env yes -- --help | head -n1 > out
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/help-version.sh b/tests/misc/help-version.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ffabd6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/help-version.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure all of these programs work properly
+# when invoked with --help or --version.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+
+# Terminate any background processes
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+expected_failure_status_chroot=125
+expected_failure_status_env=125
+expected_failure_status_nice=125
+expected_failure_status_nohup=125
+expected_failure_status_stdbuf=125
+expected_failure_status_timeout=125
+expected_failure_status_printenv=2
+expected_failure_status_tty=3
+expected_failure_status_sort=2
+expected_failure_status_expr=3
+expected_failure_status_lbracket=2
+expected_failure_status_dir=2
+expected_failure_status_ls=2
+expected_failure_status_vdir=2
+
+expected_failure_status_cmp=2
+expected_failure_status_zcmp=2
+expected_failure_status_sdiff=2
+expected_failure_status_diff3=2
+expected_failure_status_diff=2
+expected_failure_status_zdiff=2
+expected_failure_status_zgrep=2
+expected_failure_status_zegrep=2
+expected_failure_status_zfgrep=2
+
+expected_failure_status_grep=2
+expected_failure_status_egrep=2
+expected_failure_status_fgrep=2
+
+test "$built_programs" \
+  || fail_ "built_programs not specified!?!"
+
+test "$VERSION" \
+  || fail_ "set envvar VERSION; it is required for a PATH sanity-check"
+
+# Extract version from --version output of the first program
+for i in $built_programs; do
+  v=$(env $i --version | sed -n '1s/.* //p;q')
+  break
+done
+
+# Ensure that it matches $VERSION.
+test "x$v" = "x$VERSION" \
+  || fail_ "--version-\$VERSION mismatch"
+
+for i in $built_programs; do
+
+  # Skip 'test'; it doesn't accept --help or --version.
+  test $i = test && continue
+
+  # false fails even when invoked with --help or --version.
+  # true and false are tested with these options separately.
+  test $i = false || test $i = true && continue
+
+  # The just-built install executable is always named 'ginstall'.
+  test $i = install && i=ginstall
+
+  # Make sure they exit successfully, under normal conditions.
+  env $i --help    >/dev/null || fail=1
+  env $i --version >/dev/null || fail=1
+
+  # Make sure they fail upon 'file system full' error.
+  if test -w /dev/full && test -c /dev/full &&
+       ! printf x >/dev/full 2>/dev/null; then
+    test $i = [ && prog=lbracket || prog=$(echo $i|sed "s/$EXEEXT$//")
+    eval "expected=\$expected_failure_status_$prog"
+    test x$expected = x && expected=1
+
+    returns_ $expected env $i --help    >/dev/full 2>/dev/null &&
+    returns_ $expected env $i --version >/dev/full 2>/dev/null ||
+    {
+      fail=1
+      env $i --help >/dev/full 2>/dev/null
+      status=$?
+      echo "*** $i: bad exit status '$status' (expected $expected)," 1>&2
+      echo "  with --help or --version output redirected to /dev/full" 1>&2
+    }
+  fi
+done
+
+bigZ_in=bigZ-in.Z
+zin=zin.gz
+zin2=zin2.gz
+
+tmp=tmp-$$
+tmp_in=in-$$
+tmp_in2=in2-$$
+tmp_dir=dir-$$
+tmp_out=out-$$
+mkdir $tmp || fail=1
+cd $tmp || fail=1
+
+comm_setup () { args="$tmp_in $tmp_in"; }
+csplit_setup () { args="$tmp_in //"; }
+cut_setup () { args='-f 1'; }
+join_setup () { args="$tmp_in $tmp_in"; }
+tr_setup () { args='a a'; }
+
+chmod_setup () { args="a+x $tmp_in"; }
+# Punt on these.
+chgrp_setup () { args=--version; }
+chown_setup () { args=--version; }
+mkfifo_setup () { args=--version; }
+mknod_setup () { args=--version; }
+# Punt on uptime, since it fails (e.g., failing to get boot time)
+# on some systems, and we shouldn't let that stop 'make check'.
+uptime_setup () { args=--version; }
+
+# Create a file in the current directory, not in $TMPDIR.
+mktemp_setup () { args=mktemp.XXXX; }
+
+cmp_setup () { args="$tmp_in $tmp_in2"; }
+
+# Tell dd not to print the line with transfer rate and total.
+# The transfer rate would vary between runs.
+dd_setup () { args=status=noxfer; }
+
+zdiff_setup () { args="$zin $zin2"; }
+zcmp_setup () { zdiff_setup; }
+zcat_setup () { TERM=dumb; export TERM; args=$zin; }
+gunzip_setup () { zcat_setup; }
+zmore_setup () { zcat_setup; }
+zless_setup () { zcat_setup; }
+znew_setup () { args=$bigZ_in; }
+zforce_setup () { zcat_setup; }
+zgrep_setup () { args="z $zin"; }
+zegrep_setup () { zgrep_setup; }
+zfgrep_setup () { zgrep_setup; }
+gzexe_setup () { args=$tmp_in; }
+
+# We know that $tmp_in contains a "0"
+grep_setup () { args="0 $tmp_in"; }
+egrep_setup () { args="0 $tmp_in"; }
+fgrep_setup () { args="0 $tmp_in"; }
+
+diff_setup () { args="$tmp_in $tmp_in2"; }
+sdiff_setup () { args="$tmp_in $tmp_in2"; }
+diff3_setup () { args="$tmp_in $tmp_in2 $tmp_in2"; }
+cp_setup () { args="$tmp_in $tmp_in2"; }
+ln_setup () { args="$tmp_in ln-target"; }
+ginstall_setup () { args="$tmp_in $tmp_in2"; }
+mv_setup () { args="$tmp_in $tmp_in2"; }
+mkdir_setup () { args=$tmp_dir/subdir; }
+realpath_setup () { args=$tmp_in; }
+rmdir_setup () { args=$tmp_dir; }
+rm_setup () { args=$tmp_in; }
+shred_setup () { args=$tmp_in; }
+touch_setup () { args=$tmp_in2; }
+truncate_setup () { args="--reference=$tmp_in $tmp_in2"; }
+
+mkid_setup () { printf 'f(){}\ntypedef int t;\n' > f.c; args=. ; }
+lid_setup () { args=; }
+fid_setup () { args=f.c; }
+fnid_setup () { args=; }
+xtokid_setup () { args=; }
+aid_setup () { args=f; }
+eid_setup () { args=--version; }
+gid_setup () { args=f; }
+defid_setup () { args=t; }
+
+basename_setup () { args=$tmp_in; }
+dirname_setup () { args=$tmp_in; }
+expr_setup () { args=foo; }
+basenc_setup () { args=--version; }
+
+# Punt, in case GNU 'id' hasn't been installed yet.
+groups_setup () { args=--version; }
+
+pathchk_setup () { args=$tmp_in; }
+yes_setup () { args=--version; }
+logname_setup () { args=--version; }
+nohup_setup () { args=--version; }
+printf_setup () { args=foo; }
+seq_setup () { args=10; }
+sleep_setup () { args=0; }
+stdbuf_setup () { args="-oL true"; }
+timeout_setup () { args=--version; }
+
+# I'd rather not run sync, since it spins up disks that I've
+# deliberately caused to spin down (but not unmounted).
+sync_setup () { args=--version; }
+
+test_setup () { args=foo; }
+
+# This is necessary in the unusual event that there is
+# no valid entry in /etc/mtab.
+df_setup () { args=/; }
+
+# This is necessary in the unusual event that getpwuid (getuid ()) fails.
+id_setup () { args=-u; }
+
+# Use env to avoid invoking built-in sleep of Solaris 11's /bin/sh.
+kill_setup () {
+  external=env
+  $external sleep 10m & pid=$!
+  args=$pid
+}
+
+link_setup () { args="$tmp_in link-target"; }
+unlink_setup () { args=$tmp_in; }
+
+readlink_setup () {
+  ln -s . slink
+  args=slink;
+}
+
+stat_setup () { args=$tmp_in; }
+unlink_setup () { args=$tmp_in; }
+lbracket_setup () { args=": ]"; }
+
+parted_setup () { args="-s $tmp_in mklabel gpt"
+  dd if=/dev/null of=$tmp_in seek=2000; }
+
+# Ensure that each program "works" (exits successfully) when doing
+# something more than --help or --version.
+for i in $built_programs; do
+  # Skip these.
+  case $i in chroot|stty|tty|false|chcon|runcon|coreutils) continue;; esac
+
+  rm -rf $tmp_in $tmp_in2 $tmp_dir $tmp_out $bigZ_in $zin $zin2
+  echo z |gzip > $zin
+  cp $zin $zin2
+  cp $zin $bigZ_in
+
+  # This is sort of kludgey: use numbers so this is valid input for factor,
+  # and two tokens so it's valid input for tsort.
+  echo 2147483647 0 > $tmp_in
+  # Make $tmp_in2 identical. Then, using $tmp_in and $tmp_in2 as arguments
+  # to the likes of cmp and diff makes them exit successfully.
+  cp $tmp_in $tmp_in2
+  mkdir $tmp_dir
+  # echo ================== $i
+  test $i = [ && prog=lbracket || prog=$(echo $i|sed "s/$EXEEXT$//")
+  if type ${prog}_setup > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+    ${prog}_setup
+  else
+    args=
+  fi
+  if env $i $args < $tmp_in > $tmp_out; then
+    : # ok
+  else
+    echo FAIL: $i
+    fail=1
+  fi
+  rm -rf $tmp_in $tmp_in2 $tmp_out $tmp_dir
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/invalid-opt.pl b/tests/misc/invalid-opt.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..76fa046
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/invalid-opt.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# exercise the 'invalid option' handling code in each program
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+require 5.003;
+use strict;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my %exit_status =
+  (
+    ls => 2,
+    dir => 2,
+    vdir => 2,
+    test => 2,
+    chroot => 125,
+    echo => 0,
+    env => 125,
+    expr => 0,
+    nice => 125,
+    nohup => 125,
+    sort => 2,
+    stdbuf => 125,
+    test => 0,
+    timeout => 125,
+    true => 0,
+    tty => 2,
+    printf => 0,
+    printenv => 2,
+  );
+
+my %expected_out =
+  (
+    echo => "-/\n",
+    expr => "-/\n",
+    printf => "-/",
+  );
+
+my %expected_err =
+  (
+    false => '',
+    stty => '',
+  );
+
+my $fail = 0;
+my @built_programs = split ' ', $ENV{built_programs};
+foreach my $prog (@built_programs)
+  {
+    $prog eq '['
+      and next;
+
+    my $try = "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n";
+    my $x = $exit_status{$prog};
+    defined $x
+      or $x = 1;
+
+    my $out = $expected_out{$prog};
+    defined $out
+      or $out = '';
+
+    my $err = $expected_err{$prog};
+    defined $err
+      or $err = $x == 0 ? '' : "$prog: invalid option -- /\n$try";
+
+    # Accommodate different syntax in glibc's getopt
+    # diagnostics by filtering out single quotes.
+    # Also accommodate BSD getopt.
+    my $err_subst = "s,'/',/,; s,unknown,invalid,";
+
+    # Depending on how this script is run, stty emits different
+    # diagnostics.  Don't bother checking them.
+    $prog eq 'stty'
+      and $err_subst = 's/(.|\n)*//ms';
+
+    my @Tests = (["$prog-invalid-opt", '-/', {OUT=>$out},
+                  {ERR_SUBST => $err_subst},
+                  {EXIT=>$x}, {ERR=>$err}]);
+
+    my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+    my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+    my $f = run_tests ($prog, \$prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+    $f
+      and $fail = 1;
+  }
+
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/join.pl b/tests/misc/join.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..06ad777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/join.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test join.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+my $limits = getlimits ();
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $prog = 'join';
+
+my $delim = chr 0247;
+sub t_subst ($)
+{
+  (my $s = $_[0]) =~ s/:/$delim/g;
+  return $s;
+}
+
+my @tv = (
+# test name
+#     flags       file-1 file-2    expected output   expected return code
+#
+['1a', '-a1',      ["a 1\n", "b\n"],   "a 1\n",          0],
+['1b', '-a2',      ["a 1\n", "b\n"],   "b\n",            0], # Got "\n"
+['1c', '-a1 -a2',  ["a 1\n", "b\n"],   "a 1\nb\n",       0], # Got "a 1\n\n"
+['1d', '-a1',      ["a 1\nb\n", "b\n"],   "a 1\nb\n",    0],
+['1e', '-a2',      ["a 1\nb\n", "b\n"],   "b\n",         0],
+['1f', '-a2',      ["b\n", "a\nb\n"], "a\nb\n",          0],
+
+['2a', '-a1 -e .',  ["a\nb\nc\n", "a x y\nb\nc\n"], "a x y\nb\nc\n", 0],
+['2b', '-a1 -e . -o 2.1,2.2,2.3',  ["a\nb\nc\n", "a x y\nb\nc\n"],
+ "a x y\nb . .\nc . .\n", 0],
+['2c', '-a1 -e . -o 2.1,2.2,2.3',  ["a\nb\nc\nd\n", "a x y\nb\nc\n"],
+ "a x y\nb . .\nc . .\n. . .\n", 0],
+
+['3a', '-t:', ["a:1\nb:1\n", "a:2:\nb:2:\n"], "a:1:2:\nb:1:2:\n", 0],
+
+# operate on whole line (as sort does by default)
+['3b', '-t ""', ["a 1\nb 1\n", "a 1\nb 2\n"], "a 1\n", 0],
+# use NUL as the field delimiter
+['3c', '-t "\\0"', ["a\0a\n", "a\0b\n"], "a\0a\0b\n", 0],
+
+# Just like -a1 and -a2 when there are no pairable lines
+['4a', '-v 1', ["a 1\n", "b\n"],   "a 1\n",          0],
+['4b', '-v 2', ["a 1\n", "b\n"],   "b\n",            0],
+
+['4c', '-v 1', ["a 1\nb\n", "b\n"],        "a 1\n",       0],
+['4d', '-v 2', ["a 1\nb\n", "b\n"],        "",            0],
+['4e', '-v 2', ["b\n",      "a 1\nb\n"],   "a 1\n",       0],
+['5a', '-a1 -e - -o 1.1,2.2',
+ ["a 1\nb 2\n",  "a 11\nb\n"], "a 11\nb -\n", 0],
+['5b', '-a1 -e - -o 1.1,2.2',
+ ["apr 15\naug 20\ndec 18\nfeb 05\n", "apr 06\naug 14\ndate\nfeb 15"],
+ "apr 06\naug 14\ndec -\nfeb 15\n", 0],
+['5c', '-a1 -e - -o 1.1,2.2',
+ ["aug 20\ndec 18\n", "aug 14\ndate\nfeb 15"],
+ "aug 14\ndec -\n", 0],
+['5d', '-a1 -e - -o 1.1,2.2',
+ ["dec 18\n",  ""], "dec -\n", 0],
+['5e', '-a2 -e - -o 1.1,2.2',
+ ["apr 15\naug 20\ndec 18\nfeb 05\n", "apr 06\naug 14\ndate\nfeb 15\n"],
+ "apr 06\naug 14\n- -\nfeb 15\n", 0],
+['5f', '-a2 -e - -o 2.2,1.1',
+ ["apr 15\naug 20\ndec 18\nfeb 05\n", "apr 06\naug 14\ndate\nfeb 15\n"],
+ "06 apr\n14 aug\n- -\n15 feb\n", 0],
+['5g', '-a1 -e - -o 2.2,1.1',
+ ["apr 15\naug 20\ndec 18\nfeb 05\n", "apr 06\naug 14\ndate\nfeb 15\n"],
+ "06 apr\n14 aug\n- dec\n15 feb\n", 0],
+
+['5h', '-a1 -e - -o 2.2,1.1',
+ ["apr 15\naug 20\ndec 18\nfeb 05\n", "apr 06\naug 14\ndate\n"],
+ "06 apr\n14 aug\n- dec\n- feb\n", 0],
+['5i', '-a1 -e - -o 1.1,2.2',
+ ["apr 15\naug 20\ndec 18\nfeb 05\n", "apr 06\naug 14\ndate\n"],
+ "apr 06\naug 14\ndec -\nfeb -\n", 0],
+
+['5j', '-a2 -e - -o 2.2,1.1',
+ ["apr 15\naug 20\ndec 18\nfeb 05\n", "apr 06\naug 14\ndate\n"],
+ "06 apr\n14 aug\n- -\n", 0],
+['5k', '-a2 -e - -o 2.2,1.1',
+ ["apr 15\naug 20\ndec 18\nfeb 05\n", "apr 06\naug 14\ndate\n"],
+  "06 apr\n14 aug\n- -\n", 0],
+
+['5l', '-a1 -e - -o 2.2,1.1',
+ ["apr 15\naug 20\ndec 18\n", "apr 06\naug 14\ndate\nfeb 15\n"],
+  "06 apr\n14 aug\n- dec\n", 0],
+['5m', '-a2 -e - -o 2.2,1.1',
+ ["apr 15\naug 20\ndec 18\n", "apr 06\naug 14\ndate\nfeb 15\n"],
+  "06 apr\n14 aug\n- -\n15 -\n", 0],
+
+['6a', '-e -',
+ ["a 1\nb 2\nd 4\n", "a 21\nb 22\nc 23\nf 26\n"],
+ "a 1 21\nb 2 22\n", 0],
+['6b', '-a1 -e -',
+ ["a 1\nb 2\nd 4\n", "a 21\nb 22\nc 23\nf 26\n"],
+ "a 1 21\nb 2 22\nd 4\n", 0],
+['6c', '-a1 -e -',
+ ["a 21\nb 22\nc 23\nf 26\n", "a 1\nb 2\nd 4\n"],
+ "a 21 1\nb 22 2\nc 23\nf 26\n", 0],
+
+['7a', '-a1 -e . -o 2.7',
+ ["a\nb\nc\n", "a x y\nb\nc\n"], ".\n.\n.\n", 0],
+
+['8a', '-a1 -e . -o 0,1.2',
+ ["a\nb\nc\nd G\n", "a x y\nb\nc\ne\n"],
+ "a .\nb .\nc .\nd G\n", 0],
+['8b', '-a1 -a2 -e . -o 0,1.2',
+ ["a\nb\nc\nd G\n", "a x y\nb\nc\ne\n"],
+ "a .\nb .\nc .\nd G\ne .\n", 0],
+
+# From David Dyck
+['9a', '', [" a 1\n b 2\n", " a Y\n b Z\n"], "a 1 Y\nb 2 Z\n", 0],
+
+# -o 'auto'
+['10a', '-a1 -a2 -e . -o auto',
+ ["a 1 2\nb 1\nd 1 2\n", "a 3 4\nb 3 4\nc 3 4\n"],
+ "a 1 2 3 4\nb 1 . 3 4\nc . . 3 4\nd 1 2 . .\n", 0],
+['10b', '-a1 -a2 -j3 -e . -o auto',
+ ["a 1 2\nb 1\nd 1 2\n", "a 3 4\nb 3 4\nc 3 4\n"],
+ "2 a 1 . .\n. b 1 . .\n2 d 1 . .\n4 . . a 3\n4 . . b 3\n4 . . c 3\n"],
+['10c', '-a1 -1 1 -2 4 -e. -o auto',
+ ["a 1 2\nb 1\nd 1 2\n", "a 3 4\nb 3 4\nc 3 4\n"],
+ "a 1 2 . . .\nb 1 . . . .\nd 1 2 . . .\n"],
+['10d', '-a2 -1 1 -2 4 -e. -o auto',
+ ["a 1 2\nb 1\nd 1 2\n", "a 3 4\nb 3 4\nc 3 4\n"],
+ ". . . a 3 4\n. . . b 3 4\n. . . c 3 4\n"],
+['10e', '-o auto',
+ ["a 1 2\nb 1 2 discard\n", "a 3 4\nb 3 4 discard\n"],
+ "a 1 2 3 4\nb 1 2 3 4\n"],
+['10f', '-t, -o auto',
+ ["a,1,,2\nb,1,2\n", "a,3,4\nb,3,4\n"],
+ "a,1,,2,3,4\nb,1,2,,3,4\n"],
+
+# For -v2, print the match field correctly with the default output format,
+# when that match field is different between file 1 and file 2.  Fixed in 8.10
+['v2-order', '-v2 -2 2', ["", "2 1\n"], "1 2\n", 0],
+
+# From Tim Smithers: fixed in 1.22l
+['trailing-sp', '-t: -1 1 -2 1', ["a:x \n", "a:y \n"], "a:x :y \n", 0],
+
+# From Paul Eggert: fixed in 1.22n
+['sp-vs-blank', '', ["\f 1\n", "\f 2\n"], "\f 1 2\n", 0],
+
+# From Paul Eggert: fixed in 1.22n (this would fail on Solaris7,
+# with LC_ALL set to en_US).
+# Unfortunately, that Solaris7's en_US locale folds case (making
+# the first input file sorted) is not portable, so this test would
+# fail on e.g. Linux systems, because the input to join isn't sorted.
+# ['lc-collate', '', ["a 1a\nB 1B\n", "B 2B\n"], "B 1B 2B\n", 0],
+
+# Based on a report from Antonio Rendas.  Fixed in 2.0.9.
+['8-bit-t', t_subst "-t:",
+ [t_subst "a:1\nb:1\n", t_subst "a:2:\nb:2:\n"],
+ t_subst "a:1:2:\nb:1:2:\n", 0],
+
+# fields > SIZE_MAX are silently interpreted as SIZE_MAX
+['bigfield1', "-1 $limits->{UINTMAX_OFLOW} -2 2",
+ ["a\n", "b\n"], " a b\n", 0],
+['bigfield2', "-1 $limits->{SIZE_OFLOW} -2 2",
+ ["a\n", "b\n"], " a b\n", 0],
+
+# FIXME: change this to ensure the diagnostic makes sense
+['invalid-j', '-j x', ["", ""], "", 1,
+ "$prog: invalid field number: 'x'\n"],
+
+# With ordering check, inputs in order
+['chkodr-1', '--check-order',
+  [" a 1\n b 2\n", " a Y\n b Z\n"], "a 1 Y\nb 2 Z\n", 0],
+
+# Without check, inputs in order
+['chkodr-2', '--nocheck-order',
+ [" a 1\n b 2\n", " a Y\n b Z\n"], "a 1 Y\nb 2 Z\n", 0],
+
+# Without check, both inputs out of order (in fact, in reverse order)
+# but all pairable.  Support for this is a GNU extension.
+['chkodr-3', '--nocheck-order',
+ [" b 1\n a 2\n", " b Y\n a Z\n"], "b 1 Y\na 2 Z\n", 0],
+
+# The extension should work without --nocheck-order, since that is the
+# default.
+['chkodr-4', '',
+ [" b 1\n a 2\n", " b Y\n a Z\n"], "b 1 Y\na 2 Z\n", 0],
+
+# With check, both inputs out of order (in fact, in reverse order)
+['chkodr-5', '--check-order',
+ [" b 1\n a 2\n", " b Y\n a Z\n"], "", 1,
+ "$prog: chkodr-5.1:2: is not sorted:  a 2\n"],
+
+# Similar, but with only file 2 not sorted.
+['chkodr-5b', '--check-order',
+ [" a 2\n b 1\n", " b Y\n a Z\n"], "", 1,
+ "$prog: chkodr-5b.2:2: is not sorted:  a Z\n"],
+
+# Similar, but with the offending line having length 0 (excluding newline).
+['chkodr-5c', '--check-order',
+ [" a 2\n b 1\n", " b Y\n\n"], "", 1,
+ "$prog: chkodr-5c.2:2: is not sorted: \n"],
+
+# Similar, but elicit a warning for each input file (without --check-order).
+['chkodr-5d', '',
+ ["a\nx\n\n", "b\ny\n\n"], "", 1,
+ "$prog: chkodr-5d.1:3: is not sorted: \n" .
+ "$prog: chkodr-5d.2:3: is not sorted: \n" .
+ "$prog: input is not in sorted order\n"
+ ],
+
+# Similar, but make it so each offending line has no newline.
+['chkodr-5e', '',
+ ["a\nx\no", "b\ny\np"], "", 1,
+ "$prog: chkodr-5e.1:3: is not sorted: o\n" .
+ "$prog: chkodr-5e.2:3: is not sorted: p\n" .
+ "$prog: input is not in sorted order\n"
+ ],
+
+# Without order check, both inputs out of order and some lines
+# unpairable.  This is NOT supported by the GNU extension.  All that
+# we really care about for this test is that the return status is
+# zero, since that is the only way to actually verify that the
+# --nocheck-order option had any effect.   We don't actually want to
+# guarantee that join produces this output on stdout.
+['chkodr-6', '--nocheck-order',
+ [" b 1\n a 2\n", " b Y\n c Z\n"], "b 1 Y\n", 0],
+
+# Before 6.10.143, this would mistakenly fail with the diagnostic:
+# join: File 1 is not in sorted order
+['chkodr-7', '-12', ["2 a\n1 b\n", "2 c\n1 d"], "", 0],
+
+# After 8.9, join doesn't report disorder by default
+# when comparing against an empty input file.
+['chkodr-8', '', ["2 a\n1 b\n", ""], "", 0],
+
+# Test '--header' feature
+['header-1', '--header',
+ [ "ID Name\n1 A\n2 B\n", "ID Color\n1 red\n"], "ID Name Color\n1 A red\n", 0],
+
+# '--header' with '--check-order' : The header line is out-of-order but the
+# actual data is in order. This join should succeed.
+['header-2', '--header --check-order',
+ ["ID Name\n1 A\n2 B\n", "ID Color\n2 green\n"],
+ "ID Name Color\n2 B green\n", 0],
+
+# '--header' with '--check-order' : The header line is out-of-order AND the
+# actual data out-of-order. This join should fail.
+['header-3', '--header --check-order',
+ ["ID Name\n2 B\n1 A\n", "ID Color\n2 blue\n"], "ID Name Color\n", 1,
+ "$prog: header-3.1:3: is not sorted: 1 A\n"],
+
+# '--header' with specific output format '-o'.
+# output header line should respect the requested format
+['header-4', '--header -o "0,1.3,2.2"',
+ ["ID Group Name\n1 Foo A\n2 Bar B\n", "ID Color\n2 blue\n"],
+ "ID Name Color\n2 B blue\n", 0],
+
+# '--header' always outputs headers from the first file
+# even if the headers from the second file don't match
+['header-5', '--header',
+ [ "ID1 Name\n1 A\n2 B\n", "ID2 Color\n1 red\n"],
+   "ID1 Name Color\n1 A red\n", 0],
+
+# '--header' doesn't check order of a header
+# even if there is no header in the second file
+['header-6', '--header -a1',
+ [ "ID1 Name\n1 A\n", ""],
+   "ID1 Name\n1 A\n", 0],
+
+# Zero-terminated lines
+['z1', '-z',
+ ["a\0c\0e\0", "a\0b\0c\0"], "a\0c\0", 0],
+
+# not zero-terminated, but related to the code change:
+#  the old readlinebuffer() auto-added '\n' to the last line.
+#  the new readlinebuffer_delim() does not.
+#  Ensure it doesn't matter.
+['z2', '',
+ ["a\nc\ne\n", "a\nb\nc"], "a\nc\n", 0],
+['z3', '',
+ ["a\nc\ne", "a\nb\nc"], "a\nc\n", 0],
+# missing last NUL at the end of the last line (=end of file)
+['z4', '-z',
+ ["a\0c\0e", "a\0b\0c"], "a\0c\0", 0],
+# With -z, embedded newlines are treated as field separators.
+# Note '\n' are converted to ' ' in this case.
+['z5', '-z -a1 -a2',
+ ["a\n\n1\0c 3\0", "a 2\0b\n8\0c 9\0"], "a 1 2\0b 8\0c 3 9\0"],
+# One can avoid field processing like:
+['z6', '-z -t ""',
+ ["a\n1\n\0", "a\n1\n\0"], "a\n1\n\0"],
+
+);
+
+# Convert the above old-style test vectors to the newer
+# format used by Coreutils.pm.
+
+my @Tests;
+foreach my $t (@tv)
+  {
+    my ($test_name, $flags, $in, $exp, $ret, $err_msg) = @$t;
+    my $new_ent = [$test_name, $flags];
+    if (!ref $in)
+      {
+        push @$new_ent, {IN=>$in};
+      }
+    elsif (ref $in eq 'HASH')
+      {
+        # ignore
+      }
+    else
+      {
+        foreach my $e (@$in)
+          {
+            push @$new_ent, {IN=>$e};
+          }
+      }
+    push @$new_ent, {OUT=>$exp};
+    $ret
+      and push @$new_ent, {EXIT=>$ret}, {ERR=>$err_msg};
+    push @Tests, $new_ent;
+  }
+
+@Tests = triple_test \@Tests;
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($prog, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/kill.sh b/tests/misc/kill.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1efd14c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/kill.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Validate kill operation
+
+# Copyright (C) 2015-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ kill
+
+# params required
+returns_ 1 env kill || fail=1
+returns_ 1 env kill -TERM || fail=1
+
+# Invalid combinations
+returns_ 1 env kill -l -l || fail=1
+returns_ 1 env kill -l -t || fail=1
+returns_ 1 env kill -l -s 1 || fail=1
+returns_ 1 env kill -t -s 1 || fail=1
+
+# signal sending
+returns_ 1 env kill -0 no_pid || fail=1
+env kill -0 $$ || fail=1
+env kill -s0 $$ || fail=1
+env kill -n0 $$ || fail=1 # bash compat
+env kill -CONT $$ || fail=1
+env kill -Cont $$ || fail=1
+returns_ 1 env kill -cont $$ || fail=1
+env kill -0 -1 || fail=1 # to group
+
+# table listing
+env kill -l || fail=1
+env kill -t || fail=1
+env kill -L || fail=1 # bash compat
+env kill -t TERM HUP || fail=1
+
+# Verify (multi) name to signal number and vice versa
+SIGTERM=$(env kill -l HUP TERM | tail -n1) || fail=1
+test $(env kill -l "$SIGTERM") = TERM || fail=1
+
+# Verify we only consider the lower "signal" bits,
+# to support ksh which just adds 256 to the signal value
+STD_TERM_STATUS=$(expr "$SIGTERM" + 128)
+KSH_TERM_STATUS=$(expr "$SIGTERM" + 256)
+test $(env kill -l $STD_TERM_STATUS $KSH_TERM_STATUS | uniq) = TERM || fail=1
+
+# Verify invalid signal spec is diagnosed
+returns_ 1 env kill -l -1 || fail=1
+returns_ 1 env kill -l -1 0 || fail=1
+returns_ 1 env kill -l INVALID TERM || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/ls-misc.pl b/tests/misc/ls-misc.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a2ac60b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/ls-misc.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $ME = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+my $prog = 'ls';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $saved_ls_colors;
+
+sub push_ls_colors($)
+{
+  $saved_ls_colors = $ENV{LS_COLORS} || '';
+  $ENV{LS_COLORS} = $_[0];
+}
+
+sub restore_ls_colors()
+{
+  $ENV{LS_COLORS} = $saved_ls_colors;
+}
+
+# If the string $S is a well-behaved file name, simply return it.
+# If it contains white space, quotes, etc., quote it, and return the new string.
+sub shell_quote($)
+{
+  my ($s) = @_;
+  if ($s =~ m![^\w+/.,-]!)
+    {
+      # Convert each single quote to '\''
+      $s =~ s/\'/\'\\\'\'/g;
+      # Then single quote the string.
+      $s = "'$s'";
+    }
+  return $s;
+}
+
+# Set up files used by the setuid-etc tests; skip this entire test if
+# that cannot be done.
+sub setuid_setup()
+{
+  my $test = 'env test';
+  system (qq(touch setuid && chmod u+s setuid && $test -u setuid &&
+           touch setgid && chmod g+s setgid && $test -g setgid &&
+           mkdir sticky && chmod +t sticky  && $test -k sticky &&
+           mkdir owt    && chmod +t,o+w owt && $test -k owt &&
+           mkdir owr    && chmod o+w owr)) == 0
+             or CuSkip::skip "$ME: cannot create setuid/setgid/sticky files,"
+                 . "so can't run this test\n";
+}
+
+sub mk_file(@)
+{
+  foreach my $f (@_)
+    {
+      open (F, '>', $f) && close F
+        or die "creating $f: $!\n";
+    }
+}
+
+sub mkdir_d {mkdir 'd',0755 or die "d: $!\n"}
+sub rmdir_d {rmdir 'd'      or die "d: $!\n"}
+my $mkdir = {PRE => sub {mkdir_d}};
+my $rmdir = {POST => sub {rmdir_d}};
+my $mkdir_reg = {PRE => sub {mkdir_d; mk_file 'd/f' }};
+my $rmdir_reg = {POST => sub {unlink 'd/f' or die "d/f: $!\n";
+                              rmdir 'd' or die "d: $!\n"}};
+
+my $mkdir2 = {PRE => sub {mkdir 'd',0755 or die "d: $!\n";
+                          mkdir 'd/e',0755 or die "d/e: $!\n" }};
+my $rmdir2 = {POST => sub {rmdir 'd/e' or die "d/e: $!\n";
+                           rmdir 'd' or die "d: $!\n" }};
+
+my $target = {PRE => sub {
+                mkdir 'd',0755 or die "d: $!\n";
+                symlink '.', 'd/X' or die "d/X: $!\n";
+                push_ls_colors('ln=target')
+              }};
+my $target2 = {POST => sub {unlink 'd/X' or die "d/X: $!\n";
+                            rmdir 'd' or die "d: $!\n";
+                            restore_ls_colors
+                            }};
+my $slink_d = {PRE => sub {symlink '/', 'd' or die "d: $!\n";
+                           push_ls_colors('ln=01;36:di=01;34:or=40;31;01')
+                           }};
+my $unlink_d = {POST => sub {unlink 'd' or die "d: $!\n"; restore_ls_colors}};
+
+my $mkdir_d_slink = {PRE => sub {mkdir 'd',0755 or die "d: $!\n";
+                                 symlink '/', 'd/s' or die "d/s: $!\n" }};
+my $rmdir_d_slink = {POST => sub {unlink 'd/s' or die "d/s: $!\n";
+                                  rmdir 'd' or die "d: $!\n" }};
+
+sub make_j_d ()
+{
+  mkdir 'j', 0700 or die "creating j: $!\n";
+  mk_file 'j/d';
+  chmod 0555, 'j/d' or die "making j/d executable: $!\n";
+}
+
+my @v_files = (
+    '.A', '.Z', '.a', '.z', '.zz~', '.zz', '.zz.~1~',
+    '.0', '.9', '.zz.0',
+     '0',  '9',
+     'A',  'Z',  'a',  'z',  'zz~',  'zz',  'zz.~1~',
+     'zz.0');
+my $exe_in_subdir = {PRE => sub { make_j_d (); push_ls_colors('ex=01;32') }};
+my $remove_j = {POST => sub {unlink 'j/d' or die "j/d: $!\n";
+                             rmdir 'j' or die "j: $!\n";
+                             restore_ls_colors }};
+
+my $e = "\e[0m";
+my $q_bell = {IN => {"q\a" => ''}};
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     # test-name options input expected-output
+     #
+     # quoting tests............................................
+     ['q-',        $q_bell, {OUT => "q\a\n"}, {EXIT => 0}],
+     ['q-N', '-N', $q_bell, {OUT => "q\a\n"}, {ERR => ''}],
+     ['q-q', '-q', $q_bell, {OUT => "q?\n"}],
+     ['q-Q', '-Q', $q_bell, {OUT => "\"q\\a\"\n"}],
+
+     ['q-qs-lit',    '--quoting=literal',     $q_bell, {OUT => "q\a\n"}],
+     ['q-qs-sh',     '--quoting=shell',       $q_bell, {OUT => "q\a\n"}],
+     ['q-qs-sh-a',   '--quoting=shell-always',$q_bell, {OUT => "'q\a'\n"}],
+     ['q-qs-sh-e',   '--quoting=shell-escape',$q_bell, {OUT => "'q'\$'\\a'\n"}],
+     ['q-qs-c',      '--quoting=c',           $q_bell, {OUT => "\"q\\a\"\n"}],
+     ['q-qs-esc',    '--quoting=escape',      $q_bell, {OUT => "q\\a\n"}],
+     ['q-qs-loc',    '--quoting=locale',      $q_bell, {OUT => "'q\\a'\n"}],
+     ['q-qs-cloc',   '--quoting=clocale',     $q_bell, {OUT => "\"q\\a\"\n"}],
+
+     ['q-qs-lit-q',  '--quoting=literal -q',  $q_bell, {OUT => "q?\n"}],
+     ['q-qs-sh-q',   '--quoting=shell -q',    $q_bell, {OUT => "q?\n"}],
+     ['q-qs-sh-a-q', '--quoting=shell-al -q', $q_bell, {OUT => "'q?'\n"}],
+     ['q-qs-sh-e-q', '--quoting=shell-escape -q',
+                                              $q_bell, {OUT => "'q'\$'\\a'\n"}],
+     ['q-qs-c-q',    '--quoting=c -q',        $q_bell, {OUT => "\"q\\a\"\n"}],
+     ['q-qs-esc-q',  '--quoting=escape -q',   $q_bell, {OUT => "q\\a\n"}],
+     ['q-qs-loc-q',  '--quoting=locale -q',   $q_bell, {OUT => "'q\\a'\n"}],
+     ['q-qs-cloc-q', '--quoting=clocale -q',  $q_bell, {OUT => "\"q\\a\"\n"}],
+
+     ['q-qs-c-1', '--quoting=c',
+      {IN => {"t\004" => ''}}, {OUT => "\"t\\004\"\n"}],
+
+     ['emptydir', 'd',  {OUT => ''}, $mkdir, $rmdir],
+     ['emptydir-x2', 'd d',  {OUT => "d:\n\nd:\n"}, $mkdir, $rmdir],
+     ['emptydir-R', '-R d',  {OUT => "d:\n"}, $mkdir, $rmdir],
+
+     # test 'ls -R .' ............................................
+     ['R-dot', '--ignore="[a-ce-zA-Z]*" -R .',  {OUT => ".:\nd\n\n\./d:\n"},
+      $mkdir, $rmdir],
+
+     ['slink-dir-F',     '-F d', {OUT => "d@\n"}, $slink_d, $unlink_d],
+     ['slink-dir-dF',   '-dF d', {OUT => "d@\n"}, $slink_d, $unlink_d],
+     ['slinkdir-dFH',  '-dFH d', {OUT => "d/\n"}, $slink_d, $unlink_d],
+     ['slinkdir-dFL',  '-dFL d', {OUT => "d/\n"}, $slink_d, $unlink_d],
+
+     # Test for a bug that was fixed in coreutils-4.5.4.
+     ['sl-F-color', '-F --color=always d',
+                                 {OUT => "$e\e[01;36md$e\@\n"},
+                                  $slink_d, $unlink_d],
+     ['sl-dF-color', '-dF --color=always d',
+                                 {OUT => "$e\e[01;36md$e\@\n"},
+                                  $slink_d, $unlink_d],
+
+     # A listing with no output should have no color sequences at all.
+     ['no-c-empty', '--color=always d', {OUT => ""}, $mkdir, $rmdir],
+     # A listing with only regular files should have no color sequences at all.
+     ['no-c-reg', '--color=always d', {OUT => "f\n"}, $mkdir_reg, $rmdir_reg],
+
+     # Test for a bug fixed after coreutils-6.9.
+     ['sl-target', '--color=always d',
+      {OUT => "$e\e[01;34mX$e\n"}, $target, $target2],
+
+     # Test for another bug fixed after coreutils-6.9.
+     # This one bites only for a system/file system with d_type support.
+     ['sl-dangle', '--color=always d',
+      {OUT => "$e\e[40;31;01mX$e\n"},
+      {PRE => sub {
+                mkdir 'd',0755 or die "d: $!\n";
+                symlink 'non-existent', 'd/X' or die "d/X: $!\n";
+                push_ls_colors('or=40;31;01')
+              }},
+      {POST => sub {unlink 'd/X' or die "d/X: $!\n";
+                    rmdir 'd' or die "d: $!\n";
+                    restore_ls_colors; }},
+     ],
+
+     # Test for a bug fixed after coreutils-8.2.
+     ['sl-dangle2', '-o --time-style=+:TIME: --color=always l',
+      {OUT_SUBST => 's/.*:TIME: //'},
+      {OUT => "l -> nowhere\n"},
+      {PRE => sub {symlink 'nowhere', 'l' or die "l: $!\n";
+                   push_ls_colors('ln=target')
+       }},
+      {POST => sub {unlink 'l' or die "l: $!\n";
+                    restore_ls_colors; }},
+     ],
+     ['sl-dangle3', '-o --time-style=+:TIME: --color=always l',
+      {OUT_SUBST => 's/.*:TIME: //'},
+      {OUT => "$e\e[40ml$e -> \e[34mnowhere$e\n"},
+      {PRE => sub {symlink 'nowhere', 'l' or die "l: $!\n";
+                   push_ls_colors('ln=target:or=40:mi=34:')
+       }},
+      {POST => sub {unlink 'l' or die "l: $!\n";
+                    restore_ls_colors; }},
+     ],
+     ['sl-dangle4', '-o --time-style=+:TIME: --color=always l',
+      {OUT_SUBST => 's/.*:TIME: //'},
+      {OUT => "$e\e[36ml$e -> \e[35mnowhere$e\n"},
+      {PRE => sub {symlink 'nowhere', 'l' or die "l: $!\n";
+                   push_ls_colors('ln=34:mi=35:or=36:')
+       }},
+      {POST => sub {unlink 'l' or die "l: $!\n";
+                    restore_ls_colors; }},
+     ],
+     ['sl-dangle5', '-o --time-style=+:TIME: --color=always l',
+      {OUT_SUBST => 's/.*:TIME: //'},
+      {OUT => "$e\e[34ml$e -> \e[35mnowhere$e\n"},
+      {PRE => sub {symlink 'nowhere', 'l' or die "l: $!\n";
+                   push_ls_colors('ln=34:mi=35:')
+       }},
+      {POST => sub {unlink 'l' or die "l: $!\n";
+                    restore_ls_colors; }},
+     ],
+
+     # Test for a bug fixed after coreutils-8.13
+     # where 'argetm' was errenously printed for dangling links
+     # when ln=target was used in LS_COLORS
+     ['sl-dangle6', '-L --color=always d',
+      {OUT => "s\n"},
+      {PRE => sub {mkdir 'd',0755 or die "d: $!\n";
+                   symlink 'dangle', 'd/s' or die "d/s: $!\n";
+                   push_ls_colors('ln=target')
+       }},
+      {POST => sub {unlink 'd/s' or die "d/s: $!\n";
+                    rmdir 'd' or die "d: $!\n";
+                    restore_ls_colors; }},
+      {ERR => "ls: cannot access 'd/s': No such file or directory\n"},
+      {EXIT => 1}
+     ],
+     # Related to the above fix, is this case where
+     # the code simulates "linkok".  In this case "linkmode"
+     # should always be zero, and hence not trigger any
+     # issues with type being set to C_LINK
+     ['sl-dangle7', '--color=always d',
+      {OUT => "$e\e[ms$e\n"},
+      {PRE => sub {mkdir 'd',0755 or die "d: $!\n";
+                   symlink 'dangle', 'd/s' or die "d/s: $!\n";
+                   push_ls_colors('ln=target:or=:ex=:')
+       }},
+      {POST => sub {unlink 'd/s' or die "d/s: $!\n";
+                    rmdir 'd' or die "d: $!\n";
+                    restore_ls_colors; }},
+     ],
+     # Another case with simulated "linkok", that does
+     # actually use the value of 'ln' from $LS_COLORS.
+     # This path is not taken though when 'ln=target'.
+     ['sl-dangle8', '--color=always s',
+      {OUT => "$e\e[1;36ms$e\n"},
+      {PRE => sub {symlink 'dangle', 's' or die "s: $!\n";
+                   push_ls_colors('ln=1;36:or=:')
+       }},
+      {POST => sub {unlink 's' or die "s: $!\n";
+                    restore_ls_colors; }},
+     ],
+     # The patch associated with sl-dangle[678] introduced a regression
+     # that was fixed after coreutils-8.19.  This edge case triggers when
+     # listing a dir containing dangling symlinks, but with orphans uncolored.
+     # I.e., the same as the previous test, but listing the directory
+     # rather than the symlink directly.
+     ['sl-dangle9', '--color=always d',
+      {OUT => "$e\e[1;36ms$e\n"},
+      {PRE => sub {mkdir 'd',0755 or die "d: $!\n";
+                   symlink 'dangle', 'd/s' or die "d/s: $!\n";
+                   push_ls_colors('ln=1;36:or=:')
+       }},
+      {POST => sub {unlink 'd/s' or die "d/s: $!\n";
+                    rmdir 'd' or die "d: $!\n";
+                    restore_ls_colors; }},
+     ],
+
+     # Test for a bug that was introduced in coreutils-4.5.4; fixed in 4.5.5.
+     # To demonstrate it, the file in question (with executable bit set)
+     # must not be a command line argument.
+     ['color-exe1', '--color=always j',
+                                 {OUT => "$e\e[01;32md$e\n"},
+                                  $exe_in_subdir, $remove_j],
+
+     # From Stéphane Chazelas.
+     ['no-a-isdir-b', 'no-dir d',
+         {OUT => "d:\n"},
+         {ERR => "ls: cannot access 'no-dir': No such file or directory\n"},
+         $mkdir, $rmdir, {EXIT => 2}],
+
+     ['recursive-2', '-R d', {OUT => "d:\ne\n\nd/e:\n"}, $mkdir2, $rmdir2],
+
+     ['setuid-etc', '-1 -d --color=always owr owt setgid setuid sticky',
+         {OUT =>
+            "$e\e[34;42mowr$e\n"
+            . "\e[30;42mowt$e\n"
+            . "\e[30;43msetgid$e\n"
+            . "\e[37;41msetuid$e\n"
+            . "\e[37;44msticky$e\n"
+         },
+
+        {PRE => sub {
+         push_ls_colors('ow=34;42:tw=30;42:sg=30;43:su=37;41:st=37;44'); }},
+        {POST => sub {
+         unlink qw(setuid setgid);
+         foreach my $dir (qw(owr owt sticky)) {rmdir $dir}
+         restore_ls_colors; }},
+         ],
+
+     # For 5.97 and earlier, --file-type acted like --indicator-style=slash.
+     ['file-type', '--file-type d', {OUT => "s@\n"},
+      $mkdir_d_slink, $rmdir_d_slink],
+
+     # 7.1 had a regression in how -v -a ordered some files
+     ['version-sort', '-v -A ' . join (' ', @v_files),
+      {OUT => join ("\n", @v_files) . "\n"},
+      {PRE => sub { mk_file @v_files }},
+      {POST => sub { unlink @v_files }},
+      ],
+
+     # Test for the ls -1U bug fixed in coreutils-7.5.
+     # It is triggered only with -1U and with two or more arguments,
+     # at least one of which is a nonempty directory.
+     ['multi-arg-U1', '-U1 d no-such',
+      {OUT => "d:\nf\n"},
+      {ERR_SUBST=>"s/ch':.*/ch':/"},
+      {ERR => "$prog: cannot access 'no-such':\n"},
+      $mkdir_reg,
+      $rmdir_reg,
+      {EXIT => 2},
+     ],
+    );
+
+umask 022;
+
+# Start with an unset LS_COLORS environment variable.
+delete $ENV{LS_COLORS};
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{SAVE_TEMPS};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+setuid_setup;
+my $fail = run_tests ($ME, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+$fail
+  and exit 1;
+
+# Be careful to use the just-build dircolors.
+my $env = qx/dircolors -b/;
+$env =~ s/^LS_COLORS=\'//;
+$env =~ s/\';.*//sm;
+$ENV{LS_COLORS} = $env;
+
+setuid_setup;
+$fail = run_tests ($ME, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/ls-time.sh b/tests/misc/ls-time.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..af41648
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/ls-time.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test some of ls's sorting options.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ls
+
+# Avoid any possible glitches due to daylight-saving changes near the
+# timestamps used during the test.
+TZ=UTC0
+export TZ
+
+t1='1998-01-15 21:00'
+t2='1998-01-15 22:00'
+t3='1998-01-15 23:00'
+
+u1='1998-01-14 11:00'
+u2='1998-01-14 12:00'
+u3='1998-01-14 13:00'
+
+touch -m -d "$t3" a || framework_failure_
+touch -m -d "$t2" b || framework_failure_
+touch -m -d "$t1" c || framework_failure_
+
+touch -a -d "$u3" c || framework_failure_
+touch -a -d "$u2" b || framework_failure_
+# Make sure A has ctime at least 1 second more recent than C's.
+sleep 2
+touch -a -d "$u1" a || framework_failure_
+# Updating the atime is usually enough to update the ctime, but on
+# Solaris 10's tmpfs, ctime is not updated, so force an update here:
+{ ln a a-ctime && rm a-ctime; } || framework_failure_
+
+
+# A has ctime more recent than C.
+set $(ls -c a c)
+test "$*" = 'a c' || fail=1
+
+# Sleep so long in an attempt to avoid spurious failures
+# due to NFS caching and/or clock skew.
+sleep 2
+
+# Create a link, updating c's ctime.
+ln c d || framework_failure_
+
+# Before we go any further, verify that touch's -m option works.
+set -- $(ls --full -l a)
+case "$*" in
+  *" $t3:00.000000000 +0000 a") ;;
+  *)
+  # This might be what's making HPUX 11 systems fail this test.
+  cat >&2 << EOF
+A basic test of touch -m has just failed, so the subsequent
+tests in this file will not be run.
+
+In the output below, the date of last modification for 'a' should
+have been $t3.
+EOF
+  ls --full -l a
+  skip_ "touch -m -d '$t3' didn't work"
+  ;;
+esac
+
+# Ensure that touch's -a option works.
+set -- $(ls --full -lu a)
+case "$*" in
+  *" $u1:00.000000000 +0000 a") ;;
+  *)
+  # This might be what's making HPUX 11 systems fail this test.
+  cat >&2 << EOF
+A fundamental touch -a test has just failed, so the subsequent
+tests in this file will not be run.
+
+In the output below, the date of last access for 'a' should
+have been $u1.
+EOF
+  ls --full -lu a
+  Exit 77
+  ;;
+esac
+
+set $(ls -ut a b c)
+test "$*" = 'c b a' && : || fail=1
+test $fail = 1 && ls -l --full-time --time=access a b c
+
+set $(ls -t a b c)
+test "$*" = 'a b c' && : || fail=1
+test $fail = 1 && ls -l --full-time a b c
+
+# Now, C should have ctime more recent than A.
+set $(ls -ct a c)
+if test "$*" = 'c a'; then
+  : ok
+else
+  # In spite of documentation, (e.g., stat(2)), neither link nor chmod
+  # update a file's st_ctime on SunOS4.1.4.
+  cat >&2 << \EOF
+failed ls ctime test -- this failure is expected at least for SunOS4.1.4
+and for tmpfs file systems on Solaris 5.5.1.
+It is also expected to fail on a btrfs file system until
+https://bugzilla.redhat.com/591068 is addressed.
+
+In the output below, 'c' should have had a ctime more recent than
+that of 'a', but does not.
+EOF
+  #'
+  ls -ctl --full-time a c
+  fail=1
+fi
+
+# This check is ineffective if:
+#   en_US locale is not on the system.
+#   The system en_US message catalog has a specific TIME_FMT translation,
+#   which was inadvertently the case between coreutils 8.1 and 8.5 inclusive.
+
+if gettext --version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+
+  default_tf1='%b %e  %Y'
+  en_tf1=$(LC_ALL=en_US gettext coreutils "$default_tf1")
+
+  if test "$default_tf1" = "$en_tf1"; then
+    LC_ALL=en_US ls -l c >en_output
+    ls -l --time-style=long-iso c >liso_output
+    if compare en_output liso_output; then
+      fail=1
+      echo "Long ISO TIME_FMT being used for en_US locale." >&2
+    fi
+  fi
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/md5sum-bsd.sh b/tests/misc/md5sum-bsd.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..57188e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/md5sum-bsd.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# 'md5sum' tests for generation and checking of
+# BSD traditional and alternate formats (md5 [-r])
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ md5sum
+
+## BSD alternate format tests ##
+
+# Ensure we can --check BSD alternate format.
+# Note we start this list with a name
+# that's unambiguous in BSD format.
+# I.e., one not starting with ' ' or '*'
+for i in 'a' ' b' '*c' 'dd' ' '; do
+  echo "$i" > "$i"
+  md5sum --text "$i" >> check.md5sum || fail=1
+done
+sed 's/  / /' check.md5sum > check.md5
+
+# Note only a single format is supported per run
+md5sum --strict -c check.md5sum || fail=1
+md5sum --strict -c check.md5 || fail=1
+
+# Ensure we don't trigger BSD reversed format with GPG headers etc.
+{ echo '____not_all_hex_so_no_match_____ blah';
+  cat check.md5sum; } > check2.md5sum || framework_failure_
+md5sum -c check2.md5sum 2>check2.err || fail=1
+echo 'md5sum: WARNING: 1 line is improperly formatted' >check2.exp
+compare check2.exp check2.err || fail=1
+
+# If we skip the first entry in the BSD format checksums
+# then it'll be detected as standard format and error.
+# This unlikely caveat was thought better than mandating
+# an option to avoid the ambiguity.
+tail -n+2 check.md5 | returns_ 1 md5sum --strict -c || fail=1
+
+
+## BSD traditional format tests (--tag option) ##
+
+# Ensure --tag and --check are mutually exclusive
+returns_ 1 md5sum --tag --check /dev/null || fail=1
+
+# Ensure --tag and --text are mutually exclusive
+# We don't support --text with BSD tradition format,
+# as that would complicate the output format,
+# while providing little benefit over --text processing
+# available with the default md5sum output format.
+returns_ 1 md5sum --tag --text /dev/null || fail=1
+
+# Ensure we can --check BSD traditional format we produce
+rm check.md5
+for i in 'a' ' b' '*c' 'dd' ' '; do
+  echo "$i" > "$i"
+  md5sum --tag "$i" >> check.md5 || fail=1
+done
+md5sum --strict -c check.md5 || fail=1
+
+# Ensure we can --check BSD traditional format we produce
+# with the GNU extension of escaped newlines
+nl='
+'
+tab='	'
+rm check.md5
+for i in 'a\b' 'a\' "a${nl}b" "a${tab}b"; do
+  : > "$i"
+  md5sum --tag "$i" >> check.md5 || fail=1
+done
+md5sum --strict -c check.md5 || fail=1
+
+# Ensure BSD traditional format with GNU extension escapes
+# is in the expected format
+ex_file='test
+\\file'
+ex_output='\MD5 (test\n\\\\file) = d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e'
+touch "$ex_file"
+printf "%s\n" "$ex_output" > exp
+md5sum --tag "$ex_file" > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/md5sum-newline.pl b/tests/misc/md5sum-newline.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a89b3ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/md5sum-newline.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Newline tests for "md5sum".
+
+# Copyright (C) 1999-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $ME = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+# See if we can create a file name that contains a newline.
+# Use system, since Perl doesn't let you do this with "open".
+system ('touch', "a\nb") == 0
+  or CuSkip::skip "$ME: failed to create newline-containing file name\n";
+
+my $degenerate = "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e";
+my $t = '--text';
+my $z = '--zero';
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['newline', $t, {IN=> {"a\nb"=> ''}}, {OUT=>"\\$degenerate  a\\nb\n"}],
+     ['zero', "$t $z", {IN=> {"a\nb"=> ''}}, {OUT=>"$degenerate  a\nb\0"}],
+    );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $prog = 'md5sum';
+my $fail = run_tests ($ME, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/md5sum-parallel.sh b/tests/misc/md5sum-parallel.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f35a67a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/md5sum-parallel.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that md5sum prints each checksum atomically
+# so that concurrent md5sums don't intersperse their output
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ md5sum
+
+xargs -P2 </dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+  || skip_ 'xargs -P is required'
+
+(mkdir tmp && cd tmp && seq 500 | xargs touch)
+
+# This will output at least 16KiB per process
+# and start 3 processes, with 2 running concurrently,
+# which triggers often on Fedora 11 at least.
+(find tmp tmp tmp -type f | xargs -n500 -P2 md5sum 2>err) |
+sed -n '/[0-9a-f]\{32\}  /!p' |
+grep . > /dev/null && fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/md5sum.pl b/tests/misc/md5sum.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f477319
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/md5sum.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Basic tests for "md5sum".
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+my $prog = 'md5sum';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $degenerate = "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e";
+
+my $try_help = "Try 'md5sum --help' for more information.\n";
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['1', {IN=> {f=> ''}},	{OUT=>"$degenerate  f\n"}],
+     ['2', {IN=> {f=> 'a'}},	{OUT=>"0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661  f\n"}],
+     ['3', {IN=> {f=> 'abc'}},	{OUT=>"900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72  f\n"}],
+     ['4', {IN=> {f=> 'message digest'}},
+                                {OUT=>"f96b697d7cb7938d525a2f31aaf161d0  f\n"}],
+     ['5', {IN=> {f=> 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'}},
+                                {OUT=>"c3fcd3d76192e4007dfb496cca67e13b  f\n"}],
+     ['6', {IN=> {f=> join ('', 'A'..'Z', 'a'..'z', '0'..'9')}},
+                                {OUT=>"d174ab98d277d9f5a5611c2c9f419d9f  f\n"}],
+     ['7', {IN=> {f=> '1234567890' x 8}},
+                                {OUT=>"57edf4a22be3c955ac49da2e2107b67a  f\n"}],
+     ['backslash-1', {IN=> {".\nfoo"=> ''}},
+                                {OUT=>"\\$degenerate  .\\nfoo\n"}],
+     ['backslash-2', {IN=> {".\\foo"=> ''}},
+                                {OUT=>"\\$degenerate  .\\\\foo\n"}],
+     ['backslash-3', {IN=> {".\rfoo"=> ''}},
+                                {OUT=>"\\$degenerate  .\\rfoo\n"}],
+     ['check-1', '--check', {AUX=> {f=> ''}},
+                                {IN=> {'f.md5' => "$degenerate  f\n"}},
+                                {OUT=>"f: OK\n"}],
+     ['check-windows', '--check', {AUX=> {f=> ''}},
+                                {IN=> {'f.md5' => "$degenerate  f\r\n"}},
+                                {OUT=>"f: OK\n"}],
+
+     # Same as above, but with an added empty line, to test --strict.
+     ['ck-strict-1', '--check --strict', {AUX=> {f=> ''}},
+                                {IN=> {'f.md5' => "$degenerate  f\n\n"}},
+                                {OUT=>"f: OK\n"}],
+
+     # As above, but with the invalid line first, to ensure that following
+     # lines are processed in spite of the preceding invalid input line.
+     ['ck-strict-2', '--check --strict', {AUX=> {f=> ''}},
+                                {IN=> {'in.md5' => "ERR\n$degenerate  f\n"}},
+                                {OUT=>"f: OK\n"},
+                                {ERR=>"md5sum: "
+                                 . "WARNING: 1 line is improperly formatted\n"},
+                                {EXIT=> 1}],
+     ['check-2', '--check', '--status', {IN=>{'f.md5' => "$degenerate  f\n"}},
+                                {AUX=> {f=> 'foo'}}, {EXIT=> 1}],
+     ['check-quiet1', '--check', '--quiet', {AUX=> {f=> ''}},
+                                {IN=> {'f.md5' => "$degenerate  f\n"}},
+                                {OUT=>""}],
+     ['check-quiet2', '--check', '--quiet',
+                                {IN=>{'f.md5' => "$degenerate  f\n"}},
+                                {AUX=> {f=> 'foo'}}, {OUT=>"f: FAILED\n"},
+                                {ERR=>"md5sum: WARNING: 1 computed"
+                                       . " checksum did NOT match\n"},
+                                {EXIT=> 1}],
+     # Exercise new-after-8.6, easier-to-translate diagnostics.
+     ['check-multifail', '--check',
+                                {IN=>{'f.md5' =>
+                                      "$degenerate  f\n"
+                                      . "$degenerate  f\n"
+                                      . "invalid\n" }},
+                                {AUX=> {f=> 'foo'}},
+                                {OUT=>"f: FAILED\nf: FAILED\n"},
+                {ERR=>"md5sum: WARNING: 1 line is improperly formatted\n"
+                    . "md5sum: WARNING: 2 computed checksums did NOT match\n"},
+                                {EXIT=> 1}],
+     # Similar to the above, but use --warn to evoke one more diagnostic.
+     ['check-multifail-warn', '--check', '--warn',
+                                {IN=>{'f.md5' =>
+                                      "$degenerate  f\n"
+                                      . "$degenerate  f\n"
+                                      . "invalid\n" }},
+                                {AUX=> {f=> 'foo'}},
+                                {OUT=>"f: FAILED\nf: FAILED\n"},
+              {ERR=>"md5sum: f.md5: 3: "
+                              . "improperly formatted MD5 checksum line\n"
+                  . "md5sum: WARNING: 1 line is improperly formatted\n"
+                  . "md5sum: WARNING: 2 computed checksums did NOT match\n"},
+                                {EXIT=> 1}],
+     # The sha1sum and md5sum drivers share a lot of code.
+     # Ensure that md5sum does *not* share the part that makes
+     # sha1sum accept BSD format.
+     ['check-bsd', '--check', {IN=> {'f.sha1' => "SHA1 (f) = $degenerate\n"}},
+                                {AUX=> {f=> ''}},
+                                {ERR=>"md5sum: f.sha1: no properly formatted "
+                                       . "checksum lines found\n"},
+                                {EXIT=> 1}],
+     ['check-bsd2', '--check', {IN=> {'f.md5' => "MD5 (f) = $degenerate\n"}},
+                                {AUX=> {f=> ''}}, {OUT=>"f: OK\n"}],
+     ['check-bsd3', '--check', '--status',
+                                {IN=> {'f.md5' => "MD5 (f) = $degenerate\n"}},
+                                {AUX=> {f=> 'bar'}}, {EXIT=> 1}],
+     ['check-openssl', '--check', {IN=> {'f.sha1' => "SHA1(f)= $degenerate\n"}},
+                                {AUX=> {f=> ''}},
+                                {ERR=>"md5sum: f.sha1: no properly formatted "
+                                       . "checksum lines found\n"},
+                                {EXIT=> 1}],
+     ['check-openssl2', '--check', {IN=> {'f.md5' => "MD5(f)= $degenerate\n"}},
+                                {AUX=> {f=> ''}}, {OUT=>"f: OK\n"}],
+     ['check-openssl3', '--check', '--status',
+                                {IN=> {'f.md5' => "MD5(f)= $degenerate\n"}},
+                                {AUX=> {f=> 'bar'}}, {EXIT=> 1}],
+     ['check-ignore-missing-1', '--check', '--ignore-missing',
+                                {AUX=> {f=> ''}},
+                                {IN=> {'f.md5' => "$degenerate  f\n".
+                                                  "$degenerate  f.missing\n"}},
+                                {OUT=>"f: OK\n"}],
+     ['check-ignore-missing-2', '--check', '--ignore-missing',
+                                {AUX=> {f=> ''}},
+                                {IN=> {'f.md5' => "$degenerate  f\n".
+                                                  "$degenerate  f.missing\n"}},
+                                {OUT=>"f: OK\n"}],
+     ['check-ignore-missing-3', '--check', '--quiet', '--ignore-missing',
+                                {AUX=> {f=> ''}},
+                                {IN=> {'f.md5' => "$degenerate  missing/f\n".
+                                                  "$degenerate  f\n"}},
+                                {OUT=>""}],
+     ['check-ignore-missing-4', '--ignore-missing',
+                                {IN=> {f=> ''}},
+                                {ERR=>"md5sum: the --ignore-missing option is ".
+                                   "meaningful only when verifying checksums\n".
+                                   $try_help},
+                                {EXIT=> 1}],
+     ['check-ignore-missing-5', '--check', '--ignore-missing',
+                                {AUX=> {f=> ''}},
+                                {IN=> {'f.md5' => "$degenerate  missing\n"}},
+                                {ERR=>
+                                    "md5sum: f.md5: no file was verified\n"},
+                                {EXIT=> 1}],
+     # coreutils-8.25 with --ignore-missing treated checksums starting with 00
+     # as if the file was not present
+     ['check-ignore-missing-6', '--check', '--ignore-missing',
+                                {AUX=> {f=> '9t'}},
+                                {IN=> {'f.md5' =>
+                                    "006999e6df389641adf1fa3a74801d9d  f\n"}},
+                                {OUT=>"f: OK\n"}],
+     ['bsd-segv', '--check', {IN=> {'z' => "MD5 ("}}, {EXIT=> 1},
+      {ERR=> "$prog: z: no properly formatted checksum lines found\n"}],
+
+     # Ensure that when there's a NUL byte among the checksum hex digits
+     # we detect the invalid formatting and don't even open the file.
+     # Up to coreutils-6.10, this would report:
+     #   h: FAILED
+     #   md5sum: WARNING: 1 of 1 computed checksum did NOT match
+     ['nul-in-cksum', '--check', {IN=> {'h'=>("\0"x32)."  h\n"}}, {EXIT=> 1},
+      {ERR=> "$prog: h: no properly formatted checksum lines found\n"}],
+    );
+
+# Insert the '--text' argument for each test.
+my $t;
+foreach $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    splice @$t, 1, 0, '--text' unless @$t[1] =~ /--check/;
+  }
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($prog, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/mknod.sh b/tests/misc/mknod.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..250bb90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/mknod.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that mknod, mkfifo, mkdir -m MODE work with a restrictive umask
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mknod
+
+# Ensure fifos are supported
+mkfifo_or_skip_ fifo
+
+umask 777
+
+mknod  -m 734 f1 p || fail=1
+mode=$(ls -dgo f1|cut -b-10)
+test $mode = prwx-wxr-- || fail=1
+
+mkfifo -m 734 f2   || fail=1
+mode=$(ls -dgo f2|cut -b-10)
+test $mode = prwx-wxr-- || fail=1
+
+mkdir -m 734 f3   || fail=1
+mode=$(ls -dgo f3|cut -b-10)
+test $mode = drwx-wxr-- || test $mode = drwx-wsr-- || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/mktemp.pl b/tests/misc/mktemp.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a0f0dea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/mktemp.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test "mktemp".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $ME = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+sub check_tmp($$)
+{
+  my ($file, $file_or_dir) = @_;
+
+  my (undef, undef, $mode, undef) = stat $file
+   or die "$ME: failed to stat $file: $!\n";
+  my $required_mode;
+  if ($file_or_dir eq 'D') {
+    -d $file or die "$ME: $file isn't a directory\n";
+    -x $file or die "$ME: $file isn't owner-searchable\n";
+    $required_mode = 0700;
+  } elsif ($file_or_dir eq 'F') {
+    -f $file or die "$ME: $file isn't a regular file\n";
+    $required_mode = 0600;
+  }
+  -r $file or die "$ME: $file isn't owner-readable\n";
+  -w $file or die "$ME: $file isn't owner-writable\n";
+  ($mode & 0777) == $required_mode
+    or die "$ME: $file doesn't have required permissions\n";
+
+  $file_or_dir eq 'D'
+    and do { rmdir $file or die "$ME: failed to rmdir $file: $!\n" };
+  $file_or_dir eq 'F'
+    and do { unlink $file or die "$ME: failed to unlink $file: $!\n" };
+}
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+my $prog = 'mktemp';
+my $bad_dir = 'no/such/dir';
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     # test-name, [option, option, ...] {OUT=>"expected-output"}
+     #
+     ['too-many', '-q a b',
+      {ERR=>"$prog: too many templates\n"
+       . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}, {EXIT => 1} ],
+
+     ['too-few-x', '-q foo.XX', {EXIT => 1},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: too few X's in template 'foo.XX'\n"}],
+
+     ['1f', 'bar.XXXX', {OUT => "bar.ZZZZ\n"},
+      {OUT_SUBST => 's,\.....$,.ZZZZ,'},
+      {POST => sub { my ($f) = @_; defined $f or return; chomp $f;
+       check_tmp $f, 'F'; }}
+     ],
+
+     ['2f', '-- -XXXX', {OUT => "-ZZZZ\n"},
+      {OUT_SUBST => 's,-....$,-ZZZZ,'},
+      {POST => sub { my ($f) = @_; defined $f or return; chomp $f;
+       check_tmp $f, 'F'; }}
+     ],
+
+     # Create a temporary directory.
+     ['1d', '-d f.XXXX', {OUT => "f.ZZZZ\n"},
+      {OUT_SUBST => 's,\.....$,.ZZZZ,'},
+      {POST => sub { my ($f) = @_; defined $f or return; chomp $f;
+       check_tmp $f, 'D'; }}
+     ],
+
+     # Use a template consisting solely of X's
+     ['1d-allX', '-d XXXX', {OUT => "ZZZZ\n"},
+      {PRE => sub {mkdir 'XXXX',0755 or die "XXXX: $!\n"}},
+      {OUT_SUBST => 's,^....$,ZZZZ,'},
+      {POST => sub { my ($f) = @_; defined $f or return; chomp $f;
+       check_tmp $f, 'D'; rmdir 'XXXX' or die "rmdir XXXX: $!\n"; }}
+     ],
+
+     # Test -u
+     ['uf', '-u f.XXXX', {OUT => "f.ZZZZ\n"},
+      {OUT_SUBST => 's,\.....$,.ZZZZ,'},
+      {POST => sub { my ($f) = @_; defined $f or return; chomp $f;
+       -e $f and die "dry-run created file"; }}],
+     ['ud', '-d --dry-run d.XXXX', {OUT => "d.ZZZZ\n"},
+      {OUT_SUBST => 's,\.....$,.ZZZZ,'},
+      {POST => sub { my ($f) = @_; defined $f or return; chomp $f;
+       -e $f and die "dry-run created directory"; }}],
+
+     # Test bad templates
+     ['invalid-tl', '-t a/bXXXX',
+      {ERR=>"$prog: invalid template, 'a/bXXXX', "
+       . "contains directory separator\n"}, {EXIT => 1} ],
+
+     ['invalid-t2', '--tmpdir=a /bXXXX',
+      {ERR=>"$prog: invalid template, '/bXXXX'; "
+       . "with --tmpdir, it may not be absolute\n"}, {EXIT => 1} ],
+
+     # Suffix after X.
+     ['suffix1f', 'aXXXXb', {OUT=>"aZZZZb\n"},
+      {OUT_SUBST=>'s,a....b,aZZZZb,'},
+      {POST => sub { my ($f) = @_; defined $f or return; chomp $f;
+       check_tmp $f, 'F'; }}],
+     ['suffix1d', '-d aXXXXb', {OUT=>"aZZZZb\n"},
+      {OUT_SUBST=>'s,a....b,aZZZZb,'},
+      {POST => sub { my ($f) = @_; defined $f or return; chomp $f;
+       check_tmp $f, 'D'; }}],
+     ['suffix1u', '-u aXXXXb', {OUT=>"aZZZZb\n"},
+      {OUT_SUBST=>'s,a....b,aZZZZb,'},
+      {POST => sub { my ($f) = @_; defined $f or return; chomp $f;
+       -e $f and die "dry-run created file"; }}],
+
+     ['suffix2f', 'aXXXXaaXXXXa', {OUT=>"aXXXXaaZZZZa\n"},
+      {OUT_SUBST=>'s,a....a$,aZZZZa,'},
+      {POST => sub { my ($f) = @_; defined $f or return; chomp $f;
+       check_tmp $f, 'F'; }}],
+     ['suffix2d', '-d --suffix= aXXXXaaXXXX', {OUT=>"aXXXXaaZZZZ\n"},
+      {OUT_SUBST=>'s,a....$,aZZZZ,'},
+      {POST => sub { my ($f) = @_; defined $f or return; chomp $f;
+       check_tmp $f, 'D'; }}],
+
+     ['suffix3f', '--suffix=b aXXXX', {OUT=>"aZZZZb\n"},
+      {OUT_SUBST=>'s,a....b,aZZZZb,'},
+      {POST => sub { my ($f) = @_; defined $f or return; chomp $f;
+       check_tmp $f, 'F'; }}],
+
+     ['suffix4f', '--suffix=X aXXXX', {OUT=>"aZZZZX\n"},
+      {OUT_SUBST=>'s,^a....,aZZZZ,'},
+      {POST => sub { my ($f) = @_; defined $f or return; chomp $f;
+       check_tmp $f, 'F'; }}],
+
+     ['suffix5f', '--suffix /b aXXXX', {EXIT=>1},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: invalid suffix '/b', contains directory separator\n"}],
+
+     ['suffix6f', 'aXXXX/b', {EXIT=>1},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: invalid suffix '/b', contains directory separator\n"}],
+
+     ['suffix7f', '--suffix= aXXXXb', {EXIT=>1},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: with --suffix, template 'aXXXXb' must end in X\n"}],
+     ['suffix7d', '-d --suffix=aXXXXb ""', {EXIT=>1},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: with --suffix, template '' must end in X\n"}],
+
+     ['suffix8f', 'aXXXX --suffix=b', {OUT=>"aZZZZb\n"},
+      {OUT_SUBST=>'s,^a....,aZZZZ,'},
+      {POST => sub { my ($f) = @_; defined $f or return; chomp $f;
+       check_tmp $f, 'F'; }}],
+
+     ['suffix9f', 'aXXXX --suffix=b', {EXIT=>1},
+      {ENV=>"POSIXLY_CORRECT=1"},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: too many templates\n"
+       . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}],
+
+     ['suffix10f', 'aXXb', {EXIT => 1},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: too few X's in template 'aXXb'\n"}],
+     ['suffix10d', '-d --suffix=X aXX', {EXIT => 1},
+      {ERR=>"$prog: too few X's in template 'aXXX'\n"}],
+
+     ['suffix11f', '--suffix=.txt', {OUT=>"./tmp.ZZZZZZZZZZ.txt\n"},
+      {ENV=>"TMPDIR=."},
+      {OUT_SUBST=>'s,\..{10}\.,.ZZZZZZZZZZ.,'},
+      {POST => sub { my ($f) = @_; defined $f or return; chomp $f;
+       check_tmp $f, 'F'; }}],
+
+
+     # Test template with subdirectory
+     ['tmp-w-slash', '--tmpdir=. a/bXXXX',
+      {PRE => sub {mkdir 'a',0755 or die "a: $!\n"}},
+      {OUT_SUBST => 's,b....$,bZZZZ,'},
+      {OUT => "./a/bZZZZ\n"},
+      {POST => sub { my ($f) = @_; defined $f or return; chomp $f;
+       check_tmp $f, 'F'; unlink $f; rmdir 'a' or die "rmdir a: $!\n" }}
+     ],
+
+     ['pipe-bad-tmpdir',
+      {ENV => "TMPDIR=$bad_dir"},
+      {ERR_SUBST => "s,($bad_dir/)[^']+': .*,\$1...,"},
+      {ERR => "$prog: failed to create file via template '$bad_dir/...\n"},
+      {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['pipe-bad-tmpdir-u', '-u', {OUT => "$bad_dir/tmp.ZZZZZZZZZZ\n"},
+      {ENV => "TMPDIR=$bad_dir"},
+      {OUT_SUBST => 's,\..{10}$,.ZZZZZZZZZZ,'}],
+    );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($ME, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/nice-fail.sh b/tests/misc/nice-fail.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5fdd9c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/nice-fail.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify that internal failure in nice gives exact status.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ nice env
+
+
+# These tests verify exact status of internal failure.
+returns_ 125 nice -n 1 || fail=1 # missing command
+returns_ 125 nice --- || fail=1 # unknown option
+returns_ 125 nice -n 1a || fail=1 # invalid adjustment
+returns_ 2 nice sh -c 'exit 2' || fail=1 # exit status propagation
+returns_ 126 env . && { returns_ 126 nice . || fail=1; } # invalid command
+returns_ 127 nice no_such || fail=1 # no such command
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/nice.sh b/tests/misc/nice.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d2b5cea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/nice.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test "nice".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ nice
+
+tests='
+0 empty 10
+1 -1 1
+2 -12 12
+3 -1:-2 2
+4 -n:1 1
+5 -n:1:-2 2
+6 -n:1:-+12 12
+7 -2:-n:1 1
+8 -2:-n:12 12
+9 -+1 1
+10 -+12 12
+11 -+1:-+12 12
+12 -n:+1 1
+13 --1:-2 2
+14 --1:-2:-13 13
+15 --1:-n:2 2
+16 --1:-n:2:-3 3
+17 --1:-n:2:-13 13
+18 -n:-1:-12 12
+19 --1:-12 12
+NA LAST NA
+'
+set $tests
+
+# Require that this test be run at 'nice' level 0.
+niceness=$(nice)
+if test "$niceness" = 0; then
+    : ok
+else
+  skip_ "this test must be run at nice level 0"
+fi
+
+while :; do
+  test_name=$1
+  args=$2
+  expected_result=$3
+  test $args = empty && args=''
+  test x$args = xLAST && break
+  args=$(echo x$args|tr : ' '|sed 's/^x//')
+  if test "$VERBOSE" = yes; then
+    #echo "testing \$(nice $args nice\) = $expected_result ..."
+    echo "test $test_name... " | tr -d '\n'
+  fi
+  test x$(nice $args nice 2> /dev/null) = x$expected_result \
+    && ok=ok || ok=FAIL fail=1
+  test "$VERBOSE" = yes && echo $ok
+  shift; shift; shift
+done
+
+# Test negative niceness - command must be run whether or not change happens.
+if test x$(nice -n -1 nice 2> /dev/null) = x0 ; then
+  # unprivileged user - warn about failure to change
+  nice -n -1 true 2> err || fail=1
+  compare /dev/null err && fail=1
+  mv err exp || framework_failure_
+  nice --1 true 2> err || fail=1
+  compare exp err || fail=1
+  # Failure to write advisory message is fatal.  Buggy through coreutils 8.0.
+  if test -w /dev/full && test -c /dev/full; then
+    returns_ 125 nice -n -1 nice > out 2> /dev/full || fail=1
+    compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+  fi
+else
+  # superuser - change succeeds
+  nice -n -1 nice 2> err || fail=1
+  compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+  test x$(nice -n -1 nice) = x-1 || fail=1
+  test x$(nice --1 nice) = x-1 || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/nl.sh b/tests/misc/nl.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8a47c9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/nl.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# exercise nl functionality
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ nl
+getlimits_
+
+echo a | nl > out || fail=1
+echo b | nl -s%n >> out || fail=1
+echo c | nl -n ln >> out || fail=1
+echo d | nl -n rn >> out || fail=1
+echo e | nl -n rz >> out || fail=1
+echo === >> out
+printf 'a\n\n' | nl > t || fail=1; cat -A t >> out
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+     1	a
+     1%nb
+1     	c
+     1	d
+000001	e
+===
+     1^Ia$
+       $
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure numbering reset at each delimiter.
+# coreutils <= v8.25 only reset at a page header.
+printf '%s\n' '\:\:\:' a '\:\:' b '\:' c > in.txt || framework_failure_
+nl -ha -fa in.txt > out.tmp || fail=1
+nl -p -ha -fa in.txt >> out.tmp || fail=1
+sed '/^$/d' < out.tmp > out || framework_failure_
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+     1	a
+     1	b
+     1	c
+     1	a
+     2	b
+     3	c
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure we only indicate overflow when needing to output overflowed numbers
+returns_ 1 nl -v$INTMAX_OFLOW /dev/null || fail=1
+printf '%s\n' a \\:\\: b > in.txt || framework_failure_
+nl -v$INTMAX_MAX in.txt > out || fail=1
+cat <<EOF > exp
+$INTMAX_MAX	a
+
+$INTMAX_MAX	b
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+returns_ 1 nl -p -v$INTMAX_MAX in.txt > out || fail=1
+
+# Test negative iteration
+returns_ 1 nl -i$INTMAX_UFLOW /dev/null || fail=1
+printf '%s\n' a b > in.txt || framework_failure_
+nl -v$INTMAX_MAX -i$INTMAX_MIN in.txt > out || fail=1
+cat <<EOF > exp
+$INTMAX_MAX	a
+    -1	b
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+printf '%s\n' a b c > in.txt || framework_failure_
+returns_ 1 nl -v$INTMAX_MAX -i$INTMAX_MIN in.txt > out || fail=1
+
+# Test GNU extension to --section-delimiter, of disabling section matching
+printf '%s\n' a '\:\:' c > in.txt || framework_failure_
+nl -d '' in.txt > out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+     1	a
+     2	\:\:
+     3	c
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Test GNU extension to --section-delimiter, of supporting strings longer than 2
+printf '%s\n' a foofoo c > in.txt || framework_failure_
+nl -d 'foo' in.txt > out || fail=1
+cat <<EOF > exp
+     1	a
+
+     1	c
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure single char delimiters assume a following ':' character (as per POSIX)
+# coreutils <= v8.32 didn't match single char delimiters at all
+printf '%s\n' a x:x: c > in.txt || framework_failure_
+nl -d 'x' in.txt > out || fail=1
+cat <<EOF > exp
+     1	a
+
+     1	c
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/nohup.sh b/tests/misc/nohup.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3825d12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/nohup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# test nohup
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ nohup
+
+
+nohup sh -c 'echo stdout; echo stderr 1>&2' 2>err || fail=1
+
+# Be careful.  The results of the above nohup command
+# change depending on whether stdin and stdout are redirected.
+if test -t 1; then
+  test "$(cat nohup.out)" = stdout || fail=1
+  if test -t 0; then
+    echo 'nohup: ignoring input and appending output to 'nohup.out'\'
+  else
+    echo 'nohup: appending output to 'nohup.out'\'
+  fi >exp || framework_failure_
+else
+  # Here it should not even exist.
+  test -f nohup.out && fail=1
+  if test -t 0; then
+    echo 'nohup: ignoring input' >exp
+  else
+    rm -f exp
+  fi || framework_failure_
+fi
+echo 'stderr' >> exp || framework_failure_
+
+compare exp err || fail=1
+rm -f nohup.out err exp
+# ----------------------
+
+# Be careful.  The results of the following nohup command
+# change depending on whether stderr is redirected.
+nohup sh -c 'echo stdout; echo stderr 1>&2' >out || fail=1
+if test -t 2; then
+  test "$(cat out|tr '\n' -)" = stdout-stderr- || fail=1
+else
+  test "$(cat out|tr '\n' -)" = stdout- || fail=1
+fi
+# It must *not* exist.
+test -f nohup.out && fail=1
+rm -f nohup.out err
+# ----------------------
+
+# Bug present through coreutils 8.0: failure to print advisory message
+# to stderr must be fatal.  Requires stdout to be terminal.
+if test -w /dev/full && test -c /dev/full; then
+(
+  # POSIX shells immediately exit the subshell on exec error.
+  # So check we can write to /dev/tty before the exec, which
+  # isn't possible if we've no controlling tty for example.
+  test -c /dev/tty && >/dev/tty || exit 0
+
+  exec >/dev/tty
+  test -t 1 || exit 0
+  returns_ 125 nohup echo hi 2> /dev/full || fail=1
+  test -f nohup.out || fail=1
+  compare /dev/null nohup.out || fail=1
+  rm -f nohup.out
+  exit $fail
+) || fail=1
+fi
+
+nohup no-such-command 2> err
+errno=$?
+if test -t 1; then
+  test $errno = 127 || fail=1
+  # It must exist.
+  test -f nohup.out || fail=1
+  # It must be empty.
+  compare /dev/null nohup.out || fail=1
+fi
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+nohup: appending output to 'nohup.out'
+nohup: cannot run command 'no-such-command': No such file or directory
+EOF
+# Disable these comparisons.  Too much variation in 2nd line.
+# compare exp err || fail=1
+rm -f nohup.out err exp
+# ----------------------
+
+touch k; chmod 0 k
+nohup ./k 2> err
+errno=$?
+test $errno = 126 || fail=1
+if test -t 1; then
+  # It must exist.
+  test -f nohup.out || fail=1
+  # It must be empty.
+  compare /dev/null nohup.out || fail=1
+fi
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+nohup: appending output to 'nohup.out'
+nohup: cannot run command './k': Permission denied
+EOF
+# Disable these comparisons.  Too much variation in 2nd line.
+# compare exp err || fail=1
+
+# Make sure it fails with exit status of 125 when given too few arguments,
+# except that POSIX requires 127 in this case.
+returns_ 125 nohup >/dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+export POSIXLY_CORRECT=1
+returns_ 127 nohup >/dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+unset POSIXLY_CORRECT
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/nproc-avail.sh b/tests/misc/nproc-avail.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..14b7d6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/nproc-avail.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that "nproc" is less than or equal to "nproc --all".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ nproc
+
+all=$(nproc --all)
+available=$(OMP_NUM_THREADS= nproc)
+
+test $available -le $all || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/nproc-override.sh b/tests/misc/nproc-override.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a0767db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/nproc-override.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test the various OpenMP override options
+
+# Copyright (C) 2017-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ nproc
+
+unset OMP_NUM_THREADS
+unset OMP_THREADS_LIMIT
+
+avail=$(nproc) || fail=1
+test $(($avail > 0)) || fail=1
+
+#OMP_THREAD_LIMIT       OMP_NUM_THREADS     NPROC
+echo "\
+ -                      -                   $avail
+ 1                      -                   1
+ 1                      0                   1
+ -                      0                   $avail
+ -                      2,2,1               2
+ -                      2,ignored           2
+ -                      2bad                $avail
+ -                      -2                  $avail
+ 1                      2,2,1               1
+ 0                      2,2,1               2
+ 1bad                   2,2,1               2
+ 1bad                   $(($avail+1)),2,1   $(($avail+1))
+ 1                      $(($avail+1))       1
+ $(($avail+2))          $(($avail+1))       $(($avail+1))
+ $(($avail+1))          $(($avail+2))       $(($avail+1))
+ -                      $(($avail+1))       $(($avail+1))" |
+
+while read OMP_THREAD_LIMIT OMP_NUM_THREADS NPROC; do
+  test $OMP_THREAD_LIMIT = '-' && unset OMP_THREAD_LIMIT
+  test $OMP_NUM_THREADS = '-' && unset OMP_NUM_THREADS
+  export OMP_THREAD_LIMIT
+  export OMP_NUM_THREADS
+  test $(nproc) = $NPROC ||
+    echo "[$OMP_THREAD_LIMIT] [$OMP_NUM_THREADS]" >> failed
+done
+
+test -e failed && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/nproc-positive.sh b/tests/misc/nproc-positive.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..25db685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/nproc-positive.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that nproc prints a number > 0
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ nproc
+
+for mode in --all ''; do
+    procs=$(nproc $mode)
+    test "$procs" -gt 0 || fail=1
+done
+
+for i in -1000 0 1 1000; do
+    procs=$(OMP_NUM_THREADS=$i nproc)
+    test "$procs" -gt 0 || fail=1
+done
+
+for i in 0 ' 1' 1000; do
+    procs=$(nproc --ignore="$i")
+    test "$procs" -gt 0 || fail=1
+done
+
+for i in -1 N; do
+    returns_ 1 nproc --ignore=$i || fail=1
+done
+
+procs=$(OMP_NUM_THREADS=42 nproc --ignore=40)
+test "$procs" -eq 2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/numfmt.pl b/tests/misc/numfmt.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7ec04b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/numfmt.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,1119 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Basic tests for "numfmt".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+my $prog = 'numfmt';
+
+my $limits = getlimits ();
+
+# TODO: add localization tests with "grouping"
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $locale = $ENV{LOCALE_FR_UTF8};
+! defined $locale || $locale eq 'none'
+  and $locale = 'C';
+
+my $try = "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n";
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['1', '1234',             {OUT => "1234"}],
+     ['2', '--from=si 1K',     {OUT => "1000"}],
+     ['3', '--from=iec 1K',    {OUT => "1024"}],
+     ['4', '--from=auto 1K',   {OUT => "1000"}],
+     ['5', '--from=auto 1Ki',  {OUT => "1024"}],
+     ['5.1', '--from=iec-i 1Ki',  {OUT => "1024"}],
+
+     ['6', {IN_PIPE => "1234\n"},            {OUT => "1234"}],
+     ['7', '--from=si', {IN_PIPE => "2K\n"}, {OUT => "2000"}],
+     ['7a', '--invalid=fail', {IN_PIPE => "no_NL"}, {OUT => "no_NL"},
+              {ERR => "$prog: invalid number: 'no_NL'\n"},
+              {EXIT => '2'}],
+
+     ['8',  '--to=si 2000',                   {OUT => "2.0K"}],
+     ['9',  '--to=si 2001',                   {OUT => "2.1K"}],
+     ['10', '--to=si 1999',                   {OUT => "2.0K"}],
+     ['11', '--to=si --round=down   2001',   {OUT => "2.0K"}],
+     ['12', '--to=si --round=down   1999',   {OUT => "1.9K"}],
+     ['13', '--to=si --round=up 1901',   {OUT => "2.0K"}],
+     ['14', '--to=si --round=down   1901',   {OUT => "1.9K"}],
+     ['15', '--to=si --round=nearest 1901',   {OUT => "1.9K"}],
+     ['16', '--to=si --round=nearest 1945',   {OUT => "1.9K"}],
+     ['17', '--to=si --round=nearest 1955',   {OUT => "2.0K"}],
+
+     ['18',  '--to=iec 2048',                  {OUT => "2.0K"}],
+     ['19',  '--to=iec 2049',                  {OUT => "2.1K"}],
+     ['20', '--to=iec 2047',                   {OUT => "2.0K"}],
+     ['21', '--to=iec --round=down   2049',   {OUT => "2.0K"}],
+     ['22', '--to=iec --round=down   2047',   {OUT => "1.9K"}],
+     ['23', '--to=iec --round=up 2040',   {OUT => "2.0K"}],
+     ['24', '--to=iec --round=down   2040',   {OUT => "1.9K"}],
+     ['25', '--to=iec --round=nearest 1996',   {OUT => "1.9K"}],
+     ['26', '--to=iec --round=nearest 1997',   {OUT => "2.0K"}],
+     ['27', '--to=iec-i 2048',                  {OUT => "2.0Ki"}],
+
+     ['neg-1', '-- -1234',                     {OUT => "-1234"}],
+     ['neg-2', '--padding=5 -- -1234',         {OUT => "-1234"}],
+     ['neg-3', '--padding=6 -- -1234',         {OUT => " -1234"}],
+     ['neg-4', '--to=iec -- 9100 -9100',       {OUT => "8.9K\n-8.9K"}],
+     ['neg-5', '-- -0.1',                      {OUT => "-0.1"}],
+     ['neg-6', '-- -0',                        {OUT => "0"}],
+     ['neg-7', '-- -0.-1',
+              {ERR => "$prog: invalid number: '-0.-1'\n"},
+              {EXIT => '2'}],
+
+     ['float-1', '1.1',                        {OUT => "1.1"}],
+     ['float-2', '1.22',                       {OUT => "1.22"}],
+     ['float-3', '1.22.',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid suffix in input: '1.22.'\n"},
+             {EXIT => '2'}],
+
+     ['unit-1', '--from-unit=512 4',   {OUT => "2048"}],
+     ['unit-2', '--to-unit=512 2048',   {OUT => "4"}],
+     ['unit-3', '--from-unit=512 --from=si 4M',   {OUT => "2048000000"}],
+     ['unit-4', '--from-unit=512 --from=iec --to=iec 4M',   {OUT => "2.0G"}],
+     ['unit-5', '--from-unit=AA --from=iec --to=iec 4M',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid unit size: 'AA'\n"},
+             {EXIT => '1'}],
+     ['unit-6', '--from-unit=54W --from=iec --to=iec 4M',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid unit size: '54W'\n"},
+             {EXIT => '1'}],
+     ['unit-7', '--from-unit=K 30', {OUT=>"30000"}],
+     ['unit-7.1', '--from-unit=Ki 30', {OUT=>"30720"}],
+     ['unit-7.2', '--from-unit=i 0',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid unit size: 'i'\n"},
+             {EXIT => '1'}],
+     ['unit-7.3', '--from-unit=1i 0',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid unit size: '1i'\n"},
+             {EXIT => '1'}],
+     ['unit-8', '--from-unit='.$limits->{UINTMAX_OFLOW}.' --to=iec 30',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid unit size: '$limits->{UINTMAX_OFLOW}'\n"},
+             {EXIT => '1'}],
+     ['unit-9', '--from-unit=0 1',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid unit size: '0'\n"},
+             {EXIT => '1'}],
+     ['unit-10', '--to-unit=0 1',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid unit size: '0'\n"},
+             {EXIT => '1'}],
+
+     # Test Suffix logic
+     ['suf-1', '4000',    {OUT=>'4000'}],
+     ['suf-2', '4Q',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid suffix in input: '4Q'\n"},
+             {EXIT => '2'}],
+     ['suf-2.1', '4M',
+             {ERR => "$prog: rejecting suffix " .
+             "in input: '4M' (consider using --from)\n"},
+             {EXIT => '2'}],
+     ['suf-3', '--from=si 4M',  {OUT=>'4000000'}],
+     ['suf-4', '--from=si 4Q',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid suffix in input: '4Q'\n"},
+             {EXIT => '2'}],
+     ['suf-5', '--from=si 4MQ',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid suffix in input '4MQ': 'Q'\n"},
+             {EXIT => '2'}],
+
+     ['suf-6', '--from=iec 4M',  {OUT=>'4194304'}],
+     ['suf-7', '--from=auto 4M',  {OUT=>'4000000'}],
+     ['suf-8', '--from=auto 4Mi',  {OUT=>'4194304'}],
+     ['suf-9', '--from=auto 4MiQ',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid suffix in input '4MiQ': 'Q'\n"},
+             {EXIT => '2'}],
+     ['suf-10', '--from=auto 4QiQ',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid suffix in input: '4QiQ'\n"},
+             {EXIT => '2'}],
+
+     # characters after a white space are OK - printed as-is
+     ['suf-11', '"4 M"',     {OUT=>'4 M'}],
+
+     # Custom suffix
+     ['suf-12', '--suffix=Foo 70Foo',               {OUT=>'70Foo'}],
+     ['suf-13', '--suffix=Foo 70',                  {OUT=>'70Foo'}],
+     ['suf-14', '--suffix=Foo --from=si 70K',       {OUT=>'70000Foo'}],
+     ['suf-15', '--suffix=Foo --from=si 70KFoo',    {OUT=>'70000Foo'}],
+     ['suf-16', '--suffix=Foo --to=si   7000Foo',    {OUT=>'7.0KFoo'}],
+     ['suf-17', '--suffix=Foo --to=si   7000Bar',
+              {ERR => "$prog: invalid suffix in input: '7000Bar'\n"},
+              {EXIT => '2'}],
+     ['suf-18', '--suffix=Foo --to=si   7000FooF',
+              {ERR => "$prog: invalid suffix in input: '7000FooF'\n"},
+              {EXIT => '2'}],
+     # space(s) between number and suffix.  Note only field 1 is used
+     # by default so specify the NUL delimiter to consider the whole "line".
+     ['suf-19', "-d '' --from=si '4.0 K'",         {OUT => "4000"}],
+
+     ## GROUPING
+
+     # "C" locale - no grouping (locale-specific tests, below)
+     ['grp-1', '--from=si --grouping 7M',   {OUT=>'7000000'}],
+     ['grp-2', '--from=si --to=si --grouping 7M',
+              {ERR => "$prog: grouping cannot be combined with --to\n"},
+              {EXIT => '1'}],
+
+
+     ## Padding
+     ['pad-1', '--padding=10 5',             {OUT=>'         5'}],
+     ['pad-2', '--padding=-10 5',            {OUT=>'5         '}],
+     ['pad-3', '--padding=A 5',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid padding value 'A'\n"},
+             {EXIT => '1'}],
+     ['pad-3.1', '--padding=0 5',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid padding value '0'\n"},
+             {EXIT => '1'}],
+     ['pad-3.2', "--padding=$limits->{LONG_MIN} 0",
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid padding value '$limits->{LONG_MIN}'\n"},
+             {EXIT => '1'}],
+     ['pad-4', '--padding=10 --to=si 50000',             {OUT=>'       50K'}],
+     ['pad-5', '--padding=-10 --to=si 50000',            {OUT=>'50K       '}],
+
+     # padding too narrow
+     ['pad-6', '--padding=2 --to=si 1000', {OUT=>'1.0K'}],
+
+
+     # Padding + suffix
+     ['pad-7', '--padding=10 --suffix=foo --to=si 50000',
+             {OUT=>'    50Kfoo'}],
+     ['pad-8', '--padding=-10 --suffix=foo --to=si 50000',
+             {OUT=>'50Kfoo    '}],
+
+
+     # Delimiters
+     ['delim-1', '--delimiter=: --from=auto 40M:',   {OUT=>'40000000:'}],
+     ['delim-2', '--delimiter="" --from=auto "40 M"',{OUT=>'40000000'}],
+     ['delim-3', '--delimiter=" " --from=auto "40M Foo"',{OUT=>'40000000 Foo'}],
+     ['delim-4', '--delimiter=: --from=auto 40M:60M',  {OUT=>'40000000:60M'}],
+     ['delim-5', '-d: --field=2 --from=auto :40M:60M',  {OUT=>':40000000:60M'}],
+     ['delim-6', '-d: --field 3 --from=auto 40M:60M', {OUT=>"40M:60M"}],
+     ['delim-err-1', '-d,, --to=si 1', {EXIT=>1},
+             {ERR => "$prog: the delimiter must be a single character\n"}],
+
+     #Fields
+     ['field-1', '--field A',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid field value 'A'\n$try"},
+             {EXIT => '1'}],
+     ['field-2', '--field 2 --from=auto "Hello 40M World 90G"',
+             {OUT=>'Hello 40000000 World 90G'}],
+     ['field-3', '--field 3 --from=auto "Hello 40M World 90G"',
+             {OUT=>"Hello 40M "},
+             {ERR=>"$prog: invalid number: 'World'\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2},],
+     # Last field - no text after number
+     ['field-4', '--field 4 --from=auto "Hello 40M World 90G"',
+             {OUT=>"Hello 40M World 90000000000"}],
+     # Last field - a delimiter after the number
+     ['field-5', '--field 4 --from=auto "Hello 40M World 90G "',
+             {OUT=>"Hello 40M World 90000000000 "}],
+
+     # Mix Fields + Delimiters
+     ['field-6', '--delimiter=: --field 2 --from=auto "Hello:40M:World:90G"',
+             {OUT=>"Hello:40000000:World:90G"}],
+
+     # not enough fields
+     ['field-8', '--field 3 --to=si "Hello World"', {OUT=>"Hello World"}],
+
+     # Multiple fields
+     ['field-range-1', '--field 2,4 --to=si "1000 2000 3000 4000 5000"',
+             {OUT=>"1000 2.0K 3000 4.0K 5000"}],
+
+     ['field-range-2', '--field 2-4 --to=si "1000 2000 3000 4000 5000"',
+             {OUT=>"1000 2.0K 3.0K 4.0K 5000"}],
+
+     ['field-range-3', '--field 1,2,3-5 --to=si "1000 2000 3000 4000 5000"',
+             {OUT=>"1.0K 2.0K 3.0K 4.0K 5.0K"}],
+
+     ['field-range-4', '--field 1-5 --to=si "1000 2000 3000 4000 5000"',
+             {OUT=>"1.0K 2.0K 3.0K 4.0K 5.0K"}],
+
+     ['field-range-5', '--field 1-3,5 --to=si "1000 2000 3000 4000 5000"',
+             {OUT=>"1.0K 2.0K 3.0K 4000 5.0K"}],
+
+     ['field-range-6', '--field 3- --to=si "1000 2000 3000 4000 5000"',
+             {OUT=>"1000 2000 3.0K 4.0K 5.0K"}],
+
+     ['field-range-7', '--field -3 --to=si "1000 2000 3000 4000 5000"',
+             {OUT=>"1.0K 2.0K 3.0K 4000 5000"}],
+
+     ['field-range-8', '--field 1-2,4-5 --to=si "1000 2000 3000 4000 5000"',
+             {OUT=>"1.0K 2.0K 3000 4.0K 5.0K"}],
+     ['field-range-9', '--field 4-5,1-2 --to=si "1000 2000 3000 4000 5000"',
+             {OUT=>"1.0K 2.0K 3000 4.0K 5.0K"}],
+
+     ['field-range-10','--field 1-3,2-4 --to=si "1000 2000 3000 4000 5000"',
+             {OUT=>"1.0K 2.0K 3.0K 4.0K 5000"}],
+     ['field-range-11','--field 2-4,1-3 --to=si "1000 2000 3000 4000 5000"',
+             {OUT=>"1.0K 2.0K 3.0K 4.0K 5000"}],
+
+     ['field-range-12','--field 1-1,3-3 --to=si "1000 2000 3000 4000 5000"',
+             {OUT=>"1.0K 2000 3.0K 4000 5000"}],
+
+     ['field-range-13', '--field 1,-2 --to=si "1000 2000 3000"',
+             {OUT=>"1.0K 2.0K 3000"}],
+
+     ['field-range-14', '--field -2,4- --to=si "1000 2000 3000 4000 5000"',
+             {OUT=>"1.0K 2.0K 3000 4.0K 5.0K"}],
+     ['field-range-15', '--field -2,-4 --to=si "1000 2000 3000 4000 5000"',
+             {OUT=>"1.0K 2.0K 3.0K 4.0K 5000"}],
+     ['field-range-16', '--field 2-,4- --to=si "1000 2000 3000 4000 5000"',
+             {OUT=>"1000 2.0K 3.0K 4.0K 5.0K"}],
+     ['field-range-17', '--field 4-,2- --to=si "1000 2000 3000 4000 5000"',
+             {OUT=>"1000 2.0K 3.0K 4.0K 5.0K"}],
+
+     # white space are valid field separators
+     # (undocumented? but works in cut as well).
+     ['field-range-18', '--field "1,2 4" --to=si "1000 2000 3000 4000 5000"',
+             {OUT=>"1.0K 2.0K 3000 4.0K 5000"}],
+
+     # Unlike 'cut', a lone '-' means 'all fields', even as part of a list
+     # of fields.
+     ['field-range-19','--field 3,- --to=si "1000 2000 3000 4000 5000"',
+             {OUT=>"1.0K 2.0K 3.0K 4.0K 5.0K"}],
+
+     ['all-fields-1', '--field=- --to=si "1000 2000 3000 4000 5000"',
+             {OUT=>"1.0K 2.0K 3.0K 4.0K 5.0K"}],
+
+     ['field-range-err-1', '--field -foo --to=si 10',
+             {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>"$prog: invalid field value 'foo'\n$try"}],
+     ['field-range-err-2', '--field --3 --to=si 10',
+             {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>"$prog: invalid field range\n$try"}],
+     ['field-range-err-3', '--field 0 --to=si 10',
+             {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>"$prog: fields are numbered from 1\n$try"}],
+     ['field-range-err-4', '--field 3-2 --to=si 10',
+             {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>"$prog: invalid decreasing range\n$try"}],
+     ['field-range-err-6', '--field - --field 1- --to=si 10',
+             {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>"$prog: multiple field specifications\n"}],
+     ['field-range-err-7', '--field -1 --field 1- --to=si 10',
+             {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>"$prog: multiple field specifications\n"}],
+     ['field-range-err-8', '--field -1 --field 1,2,3 --to=si 10',
+             {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>"$prog: multiple field specifications\n"}],
+     ['field-range-err-9', '--field 1- --field 1,2,3 --to=si 10',
+             {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>"$prog: multiple field specifications\n"}],
+     ['field-range-err-10','--field 1,2,3 --field 1- --to=si 10',
+             {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>"$prog: multiple field specifications\n"}],
+     ['field-range-err-11','--field 1-2-3 --to=si 10',
+             {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>"$prog: invalid field range\n$try"}],
+     ['field-range-err-12','--field 0-1 --to=si 10',
+             {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>"$prog: fields are numbered from 1\n$try"}],
+     ['field-range-err-13','--field '.$limits->{UINTMAX_MAX}.',22 --to=si 10',
+             {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>"$prog: field number " .
+                            "'".$limits->{UINTMAX_MAX}."' is too large\n$try"}],
+
+     # Auto-consume white-space, setup auto-padding
+     ['whitespace-1', '--to=si --field 2 "A    500 B"', {OUT=>"A    500 B"}],
+     ['whitespace-2', '--to=si --field 2 "A   5000 B"', {OUT=>"A   5.0K B"}],
+     ['whitespace-3', '--to=si "  500"', {OUT=>"  500"}],
+     ['whitespace-4', '--to=si " 6500"', {OUT=>" 6.5K"}],
+     # NOTE: auto-padding is not enabled if the value is on the first
+     #       field and there's no white-space before it.
+     ['whitespace-5', '--to=si "6000000"', {OUT=>"6.0M"}],
+     # but if there is whitespace, assume auto-padding is desired.
+     ['whitespace-6', '--to=si " 6000000"', {OUT=>"    6.0M"}],
+
+     # auto-padding - lines have same padding-width
+     #  (padding_buffer will be alloc'd just once)
+     ['whitespace-7', '--to=si --field 2',
+             {IN_PIPE=>"rootfs    100000\n" .
+                       "udevxx   2000000\n"},
+             {OUT    =>"rootfs      100K\n" .
+                       "udevxx      2.0M"}],
+     # auto-padding - second line requires a
+     # larger padding (padding-buffer needs to be realloc'd)
+     ['whitespace-8', '--to=si --field 2',
+             {IN_PIPE=>"rootfs    100000\n" .
+                       "udev         20000000\n"},
+             {OUT    =>"rootfs      100K\n" .
+                       "udev              20M"}],
+
+
+     # Corner-cases:
+     # weird mix of identical suffix,delimiters
+     # The priority is:
+     #   1. delimiters (and fields) are parsed (in process_line()
+     #   2. optional custom suffix is removed (in process_suffixed_number())
+     #   3. Remaining suffixes must be valid SI/IEC (in human_xstrtol())
+
+     # custom suffix comes BEFORE SI/IEC suffix,
+     #   so these are 40 of "M", not 40,000,000.
+     ['mix-1', '--suffix=M --from=si 40M',     {OUT=>"40M"}],
+
+     # These are forty-million Ms .
+     ['mix-2', '--suffix=M --from=si 40MM',     {OUT=>"40000000M"}],
+
+     ['mix-3', '--suffix=M --from=auto 40MM',     {OUT=>"40000000M"}],
+     ['mix-4', '--suffix=M --from=auto 40MiM',     {OUT=>"41943040M"}],
+     ['mix-5', '--suffix=M --to=si --from=si 4MM',     {OUT=>"4.0MM"}],
+
+     # This might be confusing to the user, but it's legit:
+     # The M in the output is the custom suffix, not Mega.
+     ['mix-6', '--suffix=M 40',     {OUT=>"40M"}],
+     ['mix-7', '--suffix=M 4000000',     {OUT=>"4000000M"}],
+     ['mix-8', '--suffix=M --to=si 4000000',     {OUT=>"4.0MM"}],
+
+     # The output 'M' is the custom suffix.
+     ['mix-10', '--delimiter=M --suffix=M 40',     {OUT=>"40M"}],
+
+     # The INPUT 'M' is a delimiter (delimiters are top priority)
+     # The output contains one M for custom suffix, and one 'M' delimiter.
+     ['mix-11', '--delimiter=M --suffix=M 40M',     {OUT=>"40MM"}],
+
+     # Same as above, the "M" is NOT treated as a mega SI prefix,
+     ['mix-12', '--delimiter=M --from=si --suffix=M 40M',     {OUT=>"40MM"}],
+
+     # The 'M' is treated as a delimiter, and so the input value is '4000'
+     ['mix-13', '--delimiter=M --to=si --from=auto 4000M5000M9000',
+             {OUT=>"4.0KM5000M9000"}],
+     # 'M' is the delimiter, so the second input field is '5000'
+     ['mix-14', '--delimiter=M --field 2 --from=auto --to=si 4000M5000M9000',
+             {OUT=>"4000M5.0KM9000"}],
+
+
+
+     ## Header testing
+
+     # header - silently ignored with command line parameters
+     ['header-1', '--header --to=iec 4096', {OUT=>"4.0K"}],
+
+     # header warning with --debug
+     ['header-2', '--debug --header --to=iec 4096', {OUT=>"4.0K"},
+             {ERR=>"$prog: --header ignored with command-line input\n"}],
+
+     ['header-3', '--header=A',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: invalid header value 'A'\n"},
+             {EXIT => 1},],
+     ['header-4', '--header=0',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: invalid header value '0'\n"},
+             {EXIT => 1},],
+     ['header-5', '--header=-6',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: invalid header value '-6'\n"},
+             {EXIT => 1},],
+     ['header-6', '--debug --header --to=iec',
+             {IN_PIPE=>"size\n5000\n90000\n"},
+             {OUT=>"size\n4.9K\n88K"}],
+     ['header-7', '--debug --header=3 --to=iec',
+             {IN_PIPE=>"hello\nworld\nsize\n5000\n90000\n"},
+             {OUT=>"hello\nworld\nsize\n4.9K\n88K"}],
+     # header, but no actual content
+     ['header-8', '--header=2 --to=iec',
+             {IN_PIPE=>"hello\nworld\n"},
+             {OUT=>"hello\nworld"}],
+     # not enough header lines
+     ['header-9', '--header=3 --to=iec',
+             {IN_PIPE=>"hello\nworld\n"},
+             {OUT=>"hello\nworld"}],
+
+
+     ## human_strtod testing
+
+     # NO_DIGITS_FOUND
+     ['strtod-1', '--from=si "foo"',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: invalid number: 'foo'\n"},
+             {EXIT=> 2}],
+     ['strtod-2', '--from=si ""',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: invalid number: ''\n"},
+             {EXIT=> 2}],
+
+     # FRACTION_NO_DIGITS_FOUND
+     ['strtod-5', '--from=si 12.',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: invalid number: '12.'\n"},
+             {EXIT=>2}],
+     ['strtod-6', '--from=si 12.K',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: invalid number: '12.K'\n"},
+             {EXIT=>2}],
+
+     # whitespace is not allowed after decimal-point
+     ['strtod-6.1', '--from=si --delimiter=, "12.  2"',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: invalid number: '12.  2'\n"},
+             {EXIT=>2}],
+
+     # INVALID_SUFFIX
+     ['strtod-9', '--from=si 12.2Q',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: invalid suffix in input: '12.2Q'\n"},
+             {EXIT=>2}],
+
+     # VALID_BUT_FORBIDDEN_SUFFIX
+     ['strtod-10', '12M',
+             {ERR => "$prog: rejecting suffix " .
+                     "in input: '12M' (consider using --from)\n"},
+             {EXIT=>2}],
+
+     # MISSING_I_SUFFIX
+     ['strtod-11', '--from=iec-i 12M',
+             {ERR => "$prog: missing 'i' suffix in input: " .
+                     "'12M' (e.g Ki/Mi/Gi)\n"},
+             {EXIT=>2}],
+
+     #
+     # Test double_to_human()
+     #
+
+     # 1K and smaller
+     ['dbl-to-human-1','--to=si 800',  {OUT=>"800"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-2','--to=si 0',  {OUT=>"0"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-2.1','--to=si 999',  {OUT=>"999"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-2.2','--to=si 1000',  {OUT=>"1.0K"}],
+     #NOTE: the following are consistent with "ls -lh" output
+     ['dbl-to-human-2.3','--to=iec 999',  {OUT=>"999"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-2.4','--to=iec 1023',  {OUT=>"1023"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-2.5','--to=iec 1024',  {OUT=>"1.0K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-2.6','--to=iec 1025',  {OUT=>"1.1K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-2.7','--to=iec 0',  {OUT=>"0"}],
+     # no "i" suffix if output has no suffix
+     ['dbl-to-human-2.8','--to=iec-i 0',  {OUT=>"0"}],
+
+     # values resulting in "N.Nx" output
+     ['dbl-to-human-3','--to=si 8000', {OUT=>"8.0K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-3.1','--to=si 8001', {OUT=>"8.1K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-4','--to=si --round=down 8001', {OUT=>"8.0K"}],
+
+     ['dbl-to-human-5','--to=si --round=down 3500', {OUT=>"3.5K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-6','--to=si --round=nearest 3500', {OUT=>"3.5K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-7','--to=si --round=up 3500', {OUT=>"3.5K"}],
+
+     ['dbl-to-human-8','--to=si --round=down    3501', {OUT=>"3.5K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-9','--to=si --round=nearest  3501', {OUT=>"3.5K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-10','--to=si --round=up 3501', {OUT=>"3.6K"}],
+
+     ['dbl-to-human-11','--to=si --round=nearest  3550', {OUT=>"3.6K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-12','--to=si --from=si 999.89K', {OUT=>"1.0M"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-13','--to=si --from=si 9.9K', {OUT=>"9.9K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-14','--to=si 9900', {OUT=>"9.9K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-15','--to=iec --from=si 3.3K', {OUT=>"3.3K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-16','--to=iec --round=down --from=si 3.3K', {OUT=>"3.2K"}],
+
+     # values resulting in 'NNx' output
+     ['dbl-to-human-17','--to=si 9999', {OUT=>"10K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-18','--to=si --round=down 35000', {OUT=>"35K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-19','--to=iec 35000', {OUT=>"35K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-20','--to=iec --round=down 35000', {OUT=>"34K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-21','--to=iec 35000000', {OUT=>"34M"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-22','--to=iec --round=down 35000000', {OUT=>"33M"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-23','--to=si  35000001', {OUT=>"36M"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-24','--to=si --from=si  9.99M', {OUT=>"10M"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-25','--to=si --from=iec 9.99M', {OUT=>"11M"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-25.1','--to=iec 99999', {OUT=>"98K"}],
+
+     # values resulting in 'NNNx' output
+     ['dbl-to-human-26','--to=si 999000000000', {OUT=>"999G"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-27','--to=iec 999000000000', {OUT=>"931G"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-28','--to=si 123600000000000', {OUT=>"124T"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-29','--to=si 998123', {OUT=>"999K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-30','--to=si --round=nearest 998123', {OUT=>"998K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-31','--to=si 99999', {OUT=>"100K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-32','--to=iec 102399', {OUT=>"100K"}],
+     ['dbl-to-human-33','--to=iec-i 102399', {OUT=>"100Ki"}],
+
+
+     # Default --round=from-zero
+     ['round-1','--to-unit=1024 -- 6000 -6000',
+             {OUT=>"6\n-6"}],
+     ['round-2','--to-unit=1024 -- 6000.0 -6000.0',
+             {OUT=>"5.9\n-5.9"}],
+     ['round-3','--to-unit=1024 -- 6000.00 -6000.00',
+             {OUT=>"5.86\n-5.86"}],
+     ['round-4','--to-unit=1024 -- 6000.000 -6000.000',
+             {OUT=>"5.860\n-5.860"}],
+     ['round-5','--to-unit=1024 -- 6000.0000 -6000.0000',
+             {OUT=>"5.8594\n-5.8594"}],
+     # --round=up
+     ['round-1-up','--round=up --to-unit=1024 -- 6000 -6000',
+             {OUT=>"6\n-5"}],
+     ['round-2-up','--round=up --to-unit=1024 -- 6000.0 -6000.0',
+             {OUT=>"5.9\n-5.8"}],
+     ['round-3-up','--round=up --to-unit=1024 -- 6000.00 -6000.00',
+             {OUT=>"5.86\n-5.85"}],
+     ['round-4-up','--round=up --to-unit=1024 -- 6000.000 -6000.000',
+             {OUT=>"5.860\n-5.859"}],
+     ['round-5-up','--round=up --to-unit=1024 -- 6000.0000 -6000.0000',
+             {OUT=>"5.8594\n-5.8593"}],
+     # --round=down
+     ['round-1-down','--round=down --to-unit=1024 -- 6000 -6000',
+             {OUT=>"5\n-6"}],
+     ['round-2-down','--round=down --to-unit=1024 -- 6000.0 -6000.0',
+             {OUT=>"5.8\n-5.9"}],
+     ['round-3-down','--round=down --to-unit=1024 -- 6000.00 -6000.00',
+             {OUT=>"5.85\n-5.86"}],
+     ['round-4-down','--round=down --to-unit=1024 -- 6000.000 -6000.000',
+             {OUT=>"5.859\n-5.860"}],
+     ['round-5-down','--round=down --to-unit=1024 -- 6000.0000 -6000.0000',
+             {OUT=>"5.8593\n-5.8594"}],
+     # --round=towards-zero
+     ['round-1-to-zero','--ro=towards-zero --to-u=1024 -- 6000 -6000',
+             {OUT=>"5\n-5"}],
+     ['round-2-to-zero','--ro=towards-zero --to-u=1024 -- 6000.0 -6000.0',
+             {OUT=>"5.8\n-5.8"}],
+     ['round-3-to-zero','--ro=towards-zero --to-u=1024 -- 6000.00 -6000.00',
+             {OUT=>"5.85\n-5.85"}],
+     ['round-4-to-zero','--ro=towards-zero --to-u=1024 -- 6000.000 -6000.000',
+             {OUT=>"5.859\n-5.859"}],
+     ['round-5-to-zero','--ro=towards-zero --to-u=1024 -- 6000.0000 -6000.0000',
+             {OUT=>"5.8593\n-5.8593"}],
+     # --round=nearest
+     ['round-1-near','--ro=nearest --to-u=1024 -- 6000 -6000',
+             {OUT=>"6\n-6"}],
+     ['round-2-near','--ro=nearest --to-u=1024 -- 6000.0 -6000.0',
+             {OUT=>"5.9\n-5.9"}],
+     ['round-3-near','--ro=nearest --to-u=1024 -- 6000.00 -6000.00',
+             {OUT=>"5.86\n-5.86"}],
+     ['round-4-near','--ro=nearest --to-u=1024 -- 6000.000 -6000.000',
+             {OUT=>"5.859\n-5.859"}],
+     ['round-5-near','--ro=nearest --to-u=1024 -- 6000.0000 -6000.0000',
+             {OUT=>"5.8594\n-5.8594"}],
+
+
+     # Leading zeros weren't handled appropriately before 8.24
+     ['leading-1','0000000000000000000000000001', {OUT=>"1"}],
+     ['leading-2','.1', {OUT=>"0.1"}],
+     ['leading-3','bad.1',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid number: 'bad.1'\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['leading-4','..1',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid suffix in input: '..1'\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['leading-5','1.',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid number: '1.'\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+
+     # precision override
+     ['precision-1','--format=%.4f 9991239123 --to=si', {OUT=>"9.9913G"}],
+     ['precision-2','--format=%.1f 9991239123 --to=si', {OUT=>"10.0G"}],
+     ['precision-3','--format=%.1f 1', {OUT=>"1.0"}],
+     ['precision-4','--format=%.1f 1.12', {OUT=>"1.2"}],
+     ['precision-5','--format=%.1f 9991239123 --to-unit=G', {OUT=>"10.0"}],
+     ['precision-6','--format="% .1f" 9991239123 --to-unit=G', {OUT=>"10.0"}],
+     ['precision-7','--format=%.-1f 1.1',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid precision in format '%.-1f'\n"},
+             {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['precision-8','--format=%.+1f 1.1',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid precision in format '%.+1f'\n"},
+             {EXIT => 1}],
+     ['precision-9','--format="%. 1f" 1.1',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid precision in format '%. 1f'\n"},
+             {EXIT => 1}],
+
+     # debug warnings
+     ['debug-1', '--debug 4096', {OUT=>"4096"},
+             {ERR=>"$prog: no conversion option specified\n"}],
+     # '--padding' is a valid conversion option - no warning should be printed
+     ['debug-1.1', '--debug --padding 10 4096', {OUT=>"      4096"}],
+     ['debug-2', '--debug --grouping --from=si 4.0K', {OUT=>"4000"},
+             {ERR=>"$prog: grouping has no effect in this locale\n"}],
+
+     # dev-debug messages - the actual messages don't matter
+     # just ensure the program works, and for code coverage testing.
+     ['devdebug-1', '---debug --from=si 4.9K', {OUT=>"4900"},
+             {ERR=>""},
+             {ERR_SUBST=>"s/.*//msg"}],
+     ['devdebug-2', '---debug 4900', {OUT=>"4900"},
+             {ERR=>""},
+             {ERR_SUBST=>"s/.*//msg"}],
+     ['devdebug-3', '---debug --from=auto 4Mi', {OUT=>"4194304"},
+             {ERR=>""},
+             {ERR_SUBST=>"s/.*//msg"}],
+     ['devdebug-4', '---debug --to=si 4000000', {OUT=>"4.0M"},
+             {ERR=>""},
+             {ERR_SUBST=>"s/.*//msg"}],
+     ['devdebug-5', '---debug --to=si --padding=5 4000000', {OUT=>" 4.0M"},
+             {ERR=>""},
+             {ERR_SUBST=>"s/.*//msg"}],
+     ['devdebug-6', '---debug --suffix=Foo 1234Foo', {OUT=>"1234Foo"},
+             {ERR=>""},
+             {ERR_SUBST=>"s/.*//msg"}],
+     ['devdebug-7', '---debug --suffix=Foo 1234', {OUT=>"1234Foo"},
+             {ERR=>""},
+             {ERR_SUBST=>"s/.*//msg"}],
+     ['devdebug-9', '---debug --grouping 10000', {OUT=>"10000"},
+             {ERR=>""},
+             {ERR_SUBST=>"s/.*//msg"}],
+     ['devdebug-10', '---debug --format %f 10000', {OUT=>"10000"},
+             {ERR=>""},
+             {ERR_SUBST=>"s/.*//msg"}],
+     ['devdebug-11', '---debug --format "%\'-10f" 10000',{OUT=>"10000     "},
+             {ERR=>""},
+             {ERR_SUBST=>"s/.*//msg"}],
+
+     # Invalid parameters
+     ['help-1', '--foobar',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: unrecognized option\n$try"},
+             {ERR_SUBST=>"s/option.*/option/; s/unknown/unrecognized/"},
+             {EXIT=>1}],
+
+     ## Format string - check error detection
+     ['fmt-err-1', '--format ""',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: format '' has no % directive\n"},
+             {EXIT=>1}],
+     ['fmt-err-2', '--format "hello"',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: format 'hello' has no % directive\n"},
+             {EXIT=>1}],
+     ['fmt-err-3', '--format "hello%"',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: format 'hello%' ends in %\n"},
+             {EXIT=>1}],
+     ['fmt-err-4', '--format "%d"',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: invalid format '%d', " .
+                   "directive must be %[0]['][-][N][.][N]f\n"},
+             {EXIT=>1}],
+     ['fmt-err-5', '--format "% -43 f"',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: invalid format '% -43 f', " .
+                   "directive must be %[0]['][-][N][.][N]f\n"},
+             {EXIT=>1}],
+     ['fmt-err-6', '--format "%f %f"',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: format '%f %f' has too many % directives\n"},
+             {EXIT=>1}],
+     ['fmt-err-7', '--format "%'.$limits->{LONG_OFLOW}.'f"',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: invalid format '%$limits->{LONG_OFLOW}f'".
+                   " (width overflow)\n"},
+             {EXIT=>1}],
+     ['fmt-err-9', '--format "%f" --grouping',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: --grouping cannot be combined with --format\n"},
+             {EXIT=>1}],
+     ['fmt-err-10', '--format "%\'f" --to=si',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: grouping cannot be combined with --to\n"},
+             {EXIT=>1}],
+     ['fmt-err-11', '--debug --format "%\'f" 5000', {OUT=>"5000"},
+             {ERR=>"$prog: grouping has no effect in this locale\n"}],
+
+     ## Format string - check some corner cases
+     ['fmt-1', '--format "%% %f" 5000', {OUT=>"%%5000"}],
+     ['fmt-2', '--format "%f %%" 5000', {OUT=>"5000 %%"}],
+
+     ['fmt-3', '--format "--%f--" 5000000', {OUT=>"--5000000--"}],
+     ['fmt-4', '--format "--%f--" --to=si 5000000', {OUT=>"--5.0M--"}],
+
+     ['fmt-5', '--format "--%10f--" --to=si 5000000',{OUT=>"--      5.0M--"}],
+     ['fmt-6', '--format "--%-10f--" --to=si 5000000',{OUT=>"--5.0M      --"}],
+     ['fmt-7', '--format "--%10f--" 5000000',{OUT=>"--   5000000--"}],
+     ['fmt-8', '--format "--%-10f--" 5000000',{OUT=>"--5000000   --"}],
+
+     # too-short width
+     ['fmt-9', '--format "--%5f--" 5000000',{OUT=>"--5000000--"}],
+
+     # Format + Suffix
+     ['fmt-10', '--format "--%10f--" --suffix Foo 50', {OUT=>"--     50Foo--"}],
+     ['fmt-11', '--format "--%-10f--" --suffix Foo 50',{OUT=>"--50Foo     --"}],
+
+     # Grouping in C locale - no grouping effect
+     ['fmt-12', '--format "%\'f" 50000',{OUT=>"50000"}],
+     ['fmt-13', '--format "%\'10f" 50000', {OUT=>"     50000"}],
+     ['fmt-14', '--format "%\'-10f" 50000',{OUT=>"50000     "}],
+
+     # Very large format strings
+     ['fmt-15', '--format "--%100000f--" --to=si 4200',
+                  {OUT=>"--" . " " x 99996 . "4.2K--" }],
+
+     # --format padding overrides --padding
+     ['fmt-16', '--format="%6f" --padding=66 1234',{OUT=>"  1234"}],
+
+     # zero padding
+     ['fmt-17', '--format="%06f" 1234',{OUT=>"001234"}],
+     # also support spaces (which are ignored as spacing is handled separately)
+     ['fmt-18', '--format="%0 6f" 1234',{OUT=>"001234"}],
+     # handle generic padding in combination
+     ['fmt-22', '--format="%06f" --padding=7 1234',{OUT=>" 001234"}],
+     ['fmt-23', '--format="%06f" --padding=-7 1234',{OUT=>"001234 "}],
+
+
+     ## Check all errors again, this time with --invalid=fail
+     ##  Input will be printed without conversion,
+     ##  and exit code will be 2
+     ['ign-err-1', '--invalid=fail 4Q',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid suffix in input: '4Q'\n"},
+             {OUT => "4Q\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['ign-err-2', '--invalid=fail 4M',
+             {ERR => "$prog: rejecting suffix " .
+             "in input: '4M' (consider using --from)\n"},
+             {OUT => "4M\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['ign-err-3', '--invalid=fail --from=si 4MQ',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid suffix in input '4MQ': 'Q'\n"},
+             {OUT => "4MQ\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['ign-err-4', '--invalid=fail --suffix=Foo --to=si   7000FooF',
+              {ERR => "$prog: invalid suffix in input: '7000FooF'\n"},
+              {OUT => "7000FooF\n"},
+              {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['ign-err-5','--invalid=fail --field 3 --from=auto "Hello 40M World 90G"',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid number: 'World'\n"},
+             {OUT => "Hello 40M World 90G\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['ign-err-7', '--invalid=fail --from=si "foo"',
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid number: 'foo'\n"},
+             {OUT => "foo\n"},
+             {EXIT=> 2}],
+     ['ign-err-8', '--invalid=fail 12M',
+             {ERR => "$prog: rejecting suffix " .
+                     "in input: '12M' (consider using --from)\n"},
+             {OUT => "12M\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['ign-err-9', '--invalid=fail --from=iec-i 12M',
+             {ERR => "$prog: missing 'i' suffix in input: " .
+                     "'12M' (e.g Ki/Mi/Gi)\n"},
+             {OUT => "12M\n"},
+             {EXIT=>2}],
+
+     ## Ignore Errors with multiple conversions
+     ['ign-err-m1', '--invalid=ignore --to=si 1000 2000 bad 3000',
+             {OUT => "1.0K\n2.0K\nbad\n3.0K"},
+             {EXIT => 0}],
+     ['ign-err-m1.1', '--invalid=ignore --to=si',
+             {IN_PIPE => "1000\n2000\nbad\n3000\n"},
+             {OUT => "1.0K\n2.0K\nbad\n3.0K"},
+             {EXIT => 0}],
+     ['ign-err-m1.3', '--invalid=fail --debug --to=si 1000 2000 3000',
+             {OUT => "1.0K\n2.0K\n3.0K"},
+             {EXIT => 0}],
+     ['ign-err-m2', '--invalid=fail --to=si 1000 Foo 3000',
+             {OUT => "1.0K\nFoo\n3.0K\n"},
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid number: 'Foo'\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['ign-err-m2.1', '--invalid=warn --to=si',
+             {IN_PIPE => "1000\nFoo\n3000\n"},
+             {OUT => "1.0K\nFoo\n3.0K"},
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid number: 'Foo'\n"},
+             {EXIT => 0}],
+
+     # --debug will trigger a final warning at EOF
+     ['ign-err-m2.2', '--invalid=fail --debug --to=si 1000 Foo 3000',
+             {OUT => "1.0K\nFoo\n3.0K\n"},
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid number: 'Foo'\n" .
+                     "$prog: failed to convert some of the input numbers\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+
+     ['ign-err-m3', '--invalid=fail --field 2 --from=si --to=iec',
+             {IN_PIPE => "A 1K x\nB 2M y\nC 3G z\n"},
+             {OUT => "A 1000 x\nB 2.0M y\nC 2.8G z"},
+             {EXIT => 0}],
+     # invalid input on one of the fields
+     ['ign-err-m3.1', '--invalid=fail --field 2 --from=si --to=iec',
+             {IN_PIPE => "A 1K x\nB Foo y\nC 3G z\n"},
+             {OUT => "A 1000 x\nB Foo y\nC 2.8G z\n"},
+             {ERR => "$prog: invalid number: 'Foo'\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+    );
+
+# test null-terminated lines
+my @NullDelim_Tests =
+  (
+     # Input from STDIN
+     ['z1', '-z --to=iec',
+             {IN_PIPE => "1025\x002048\x00"}, {OUT=>"1.1K\x002.0K\x00"}],
+
+     # Input from the commandline - terminated by NULL vs NL
+     ['z3', '   --to=iec 1024',  {OUT=>"1.0K\n"}],
+     ['z2', '-z --to=iec 1024',  {OUT=>"1.0K\x00"}],
+
+     # Input from STDIN, with fields
+     ['z4', '-z --field=3 --to=si',
+             {IN_PIPE => "A B 1001 C\x00" .
+                         "D E 2002 F\x00"},
+             {OUT => "A B 1.1K C\x00" .
+                     "D E 2.1K F\x00"}],
+
+     # Input from STDIN, with fields and embedded NL
+     ['z5', '-z --field=3 --to=si',
+             {IN_PIPE => "A\nB 1001 C\x00" .
+                         "D E\n2002 F\x00"},
+             {OUT => "A B 1.1K C\x00" .
+                     "D E 2.1K F\x00"}],
+  );
+
+my @Limit_Tests =
+  (
+     # Large Values
+     ['large-1','1000000000000000', {OUT=>"1000000000000000"}],
+     # 18 digits is OK
+     ['large-2','1000000000000000000', {OUT=>"1000000000000000000"}],
+     # 19 digits is too much (without output scaling)
+     ['large-3','10000000000000000000',
+             {ERR => "$prog: value too large to be printed: '1e+19' " .
+                     "(consider using --to)\n"},
+             {EXIT=>2}],
+     ['large-4','1000000000000000000.0',
+             {ERR => "$prog: value/precision too large to be printed: " .
+                     "'1e+18/1' (consider using --to)\n"},
+             {EXIT=>2}],
+
+
+     # Test input:
+     # Up to 27 digits is OK.
+     ['large-3.1', '--to=si                           1', {OUT=>   "1"}],
+     ['large-3.2', '--to=si                          10', {OUT=>  "10"}],
+     ['large-3.3', '--to=si                         100', {OUT=> "100"}],
+     ['large-3.4', '--to=si                        1000', {OUT=>"1.0K"}],
+     ['large-3.5', '--to=si                       10000', {OUT=> "10K"}],
+     ['large-3.6', '--to=si                      100000', {OUT=>"100K"}],
+     ['large-3.7', '--to=si                     1000000', {OUT=>"1.0M"}],
+     ['large-3.8', '--to=si                    10000000', {OUT=> "10M"}],
+     ['large-3.9', '--to=si                   100000000', {OUT=>"100M"}],
+     ['large-3.10','--to=si                  1000000000', {OUT=>"1.0G"}],
+     ['large-3.11','--to=si                 10000000000', {OUT=> "10G"}],
+     ['large-3.12','--to=si                100000000000', {OUT=>"100G"}],
+     ['large-3.13','--to=si               1000000000000', {OUT=>"1.0T"}],
+     ['large-3.14','--to=si              10000000000000', {OUT=> "10T"}],
+     ['large-3.15','--to=si             100000000000000', {OUT=>"100T"}],
+     ['large-3.16','--to=si            1000000000000000', {OUT=>"1.0P"}],
+     ['large-3.17','--to=si           10000000000000000', {OUT=> "10P"}],
+     ['large-3.18','--to=si          100000000000000000', {OUT=>"100P"}],
+     ['large-3.19','--to=si         1000000000000000000', {OUT=>"1.0E"}],
+     ['large-3.20','--to=si        10000000000000000000', {OUT=> "10E"}],
+     ['large-3.21','--to=si       210000000000000000000', {OUT=>"210E"}],
+     ['large-3.22','--to=si      3210000000000000000000', {OUT=>"3.3Z"}],
+     ['large-3.23','--to=si     43210000000000000000000', {OUT=> "44Z"}],
+     ['large-3.24','--to=si    543210000000000000000000', {OUT=>"544Z"}],
+     ['large-3.25','--to=si   6543210000000000000000000', {OUT=>"6.6Y"}],
+     ['large-3.26','--to=si  76543210000000000000000000', {OUT=> "77Y"}],
+     ['large-3.27','--to=si 876543210000000000000000000', {OUT=>"877Y"}],
+
+     # More than 27 digits is not OK
+     ['large-3.28','--to=si 9876543210000000000000000000',
+             {ERR => "$prog: value too large to be converted: " .
+                     "'9876543210000000000000000000'\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+
+     # Test Output
+     ['large-4.1', '--from=si  9.7M',               {OUT=>"9700000"}],
+     ['large-4.2', '--from=si  10M',              {OUT =>"10000000"}],
+     ['large-4.3', '--from=si  200M',            {OUT =>"200000000"}],
+     ['large-4.4', '--from=si  3G',             {OUT =>"3000000000"}],
+     ['large-4.5', '--from=si  40G',           {OUT =>"40000000000"}],
+     ['large-4.6', '--from=si  500G',         {OUT =>"500000000000"}],
+     ['large-4.7', '--from=si  6T',          {OUT =>"6000000000000"}],
+     ['large-4.8', '--from=si  70T',        {OUT =>"70000000000000"}],
+     ['large-4.9', '--from=si  800T',      {OUT =>"800000000000000"}],
+     ['large-4.10','--from=si  9P',       {OUT =>"9000000000000000"}],
+     ['large-4.11','--from=si  10P',     {OUT =>"10000000000000000"}],
+     ['large-4.12','--from=si  200P',   {OUT =>"200000000000000000"}],
+     ['large-4.13','--from=si  3E',    {OUT =>"3000000000000000000"}],
+
+     # More than 18 digits of output without scaling - no good.
+     ['large-4.14','--from=si  40E',
+             {ERR => "$prog: value too large to be printed: '4e+19' " .
+                     "(consider using --to)\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['large-4.15','--from=si  500E',
+             {ERR => "$prog: value too large to be printed: '5e+20' " .
+                     "(consider using --to)\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['large-4.16','--from=si  6Z',
+             {ERR => "$prog: value too large to be printed: '6e+21' " .
+                     "(consider using --to)\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['large-4.17','--from=si  70Z',
+             {ERR => "$prog: value too large to be printed: '7e+22' " .
+                     "(consider using --to)\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['large-4.18','--from=si  800Z',
+             {ERR => "$prog: value too large to be printed: '8e+23' " .
+                     "(consider using --to)\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['large-4.19','--from=si  9Y',
+             {ERR => "$prog: value too large to be printed: '9e+24' " .
+                     "(consider using --to)\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['large-4.20','--from=si  10Y',
+             {ERR => "$prog: value too large to be printed: '1e+25' " .
+                     "(consider using --to)\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['large-4.21','--from=si  200Y',
+             {ERR => "$prog: value too large to be printed: '2e+26' " .
+                     "(consider using --to)\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+
+     ['large-5.1','--to=si 1000000000000000000', {OUT=>"1.0E"}],
+     ['large-5','--from=si --to=si 2E', {OUT=>"2.0E"}],
+     ['large-6','--from=si --to=si 3.4Z', {OUT=>"3.4Z"}],
+     ['large-7','--from=si --to=si 80Y', {OUT=>"80Y"}],
+     ['large-8','--from=si --to=si 9000Z', {OUT=>"9.0Y"}],
+
+     ['large-10','--from=si --to=si 999Y', {OUT=>"999Y"}],
+     ['large-11','--from=si --to=iec 999Y', {OUT=>"827Y"}],
+     ['large-12','--from=si --round=down --to=iec 999Y', {OUT=>"826Y"}],
+
+     # units can also affect the output
+     ['large-13','--from=si --from-unit=1000000 9P',
+             {ERR => "$prog: value too large to be printed: '9e+21' " .
+                     "(consider using --to)\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['large-13.1','--from=si --from-unit=1000000 --to=si 9P', {OUT=>"9.0Z"}],
+
+     # Numbers>999Y are never acceptable, regardless of scaling
+     ['large-14','--from=si --to=si 999Y', {OUT=>"999Y"}],
+     ['large-14.1','--from=si --to=si 1000Y',
+             {ERR => "$prog: value too large to be printed: '1e+27' " .
+                     "(cannot handle values > 999Y)\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+     ['large-14.2','--from=si --to=si --from-unit=10000 1Y',
+             {ERR => "$prog: value too large to be printed: '1e+28' " .
+                     "(cannot handle values > 999Y)\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+
+     # intmax_t overflow when rounding caused this to fail before 8.24
+     ['large-15',$limits->{INTMAX_OFLOW}, {OUT=>$limits->{INTMAX_OFLOW}}],
+     ['large-16','9.300000000000000000', {OUT=>'9.300000000000000000'}],
+
+     # INTEGRAL_OVERFLOW
+     ['strtod-3', '--from=si "1234567890123456789012345678901234567890'.
+                  '1234567890123456789012345678901234567890"',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: value too large to be converted: '" .
+                     "1234567890123456789012345678901234567890" .
+                     "1234567890123456789012345678901234567890'\n",
+                     },
+             {EXIT=> 2}],
+
+     # FRACTION_OVERFLOW
+     ['strtod-7', '--from=si "12.1234567890123456789012345678901234567890'.
+                  '1234567890123456789012345678901234567890"',
+             {ERR=>"$prog: value too large to be converted: '" .
+                     "12.1234567890123456789012345678901234567890" .
+                     "1234567890123456789012345678901234567890'\n",
+                     },
+             {EXIT=> 2}],
+
+     ['debug-4', '--to=si --debug 12345678901234567890',
+             {OUT=>"13E"},
+             {ERR=>"$prog: large input value '12345678901234567890':" .
+                   " possible precision loss\n"}],
+     ['debug-5', '--to=si --from=si --debug 1.12345678901234567890Y',
+             {OUT=>"1.2Y"},
+             {ERR=>"$prog: large input value '1.12345678901234567890Y':" .
+                   " possible precision loss\n"}],
+
+     ['ign-err-10','--invalid=fail 10000000000000000000',
+             {ERR => "$prog: value too large to be printed: '1e+19' " .
+                     "(consider using --to)\n"},
+             {OUT => "10000000000000000000\n"},
+             {EXIT=>2}],
+     ['ign-err-11','--invalid=fail --to=si 9876543210000000000000000000',
+             {ERR => "$prog: value too large to be converted: " .
+                     "'9876543210000000000000000000'\n"},
+             {OUT => "9876543210000000000000000000\n"},
+             {EXIT => 2}],
+  );
+# Restrict these tests to systems with LDBL_DIG == 18
+(system "$prog ---debug 1 2>&1|grep 'MAX_UNSCALED_DIGITS: 18' > /dev/null") == 0
+  and push @Tests, @Limit_Tests;
+
+my @Locale_Tests =
+  (
+     # Locale that supports grouping, but without '--grouping' parameter
+     ['lcl-grp-1', '--from=si 7M',   {OUT=>"7000000"},
+             {ENV=>"LC_ALL=$locale"}],
+
+     # Locale with grouping
+     ['lcl-grp-2', '--from=si --grouping 7M',   {OUT=>"7 000 000"},
+             {ENV=>"LC_ALL=$locale"}],
+
+     # Locale with grouping and debug - no debug warning message
+     ['lcl-grp-3', '--from=si --debug --grouping 7M',   {OUT=>"7 000 000"},
+             {ENV=>"LC_ALL=$locale"}],
+
+     # Input with locale'd decimal-point
+     ['lcl-stdtod-1', '--from=si 12,2K', {OUT=>"12200"},
+             {ENV=>"LC_ALL=$locale"}],
+
+     ['lcl-dbl-to-human-1', '--to=si 1100', {OUT=>"1,1K"},
+             {ENV=>"LC_ALL=$locale"}],
+
+     # Format + Grouping
+     ['lcl-fmt-1', '--format "%\'f" 50000',{OUT=>"50 000"},
+             {ENV=>"LC_ALL=$locale"}],
+     ['lcl-fmt-2', '--format "--%\'10f--" 50000', {OUT=>"--    50 000--"},
+             {ENV=>"LC_ALL=$locale"}],
+     ['lcl-fmt-3', '--format "--%\'-10f--" 50000',{OUT=>"--50 000    --"},
+             {ENV=>"LC_ALL=$locale"}],
+     ['lcl-fmt-4', '--format "--%-10f--" --to=si 5000000',
+             {OUT=>"--5,0M      --"},
+             {ENV=>"LC_ALL=$locale"}],
+     # handle zero/grouping in combination
+     ['lcl-fmt-5', '--format="%\'06f" 1234',{OUT=>"01 234"},
+             {ENV=>"LC_ALL=$locale"}],
+     ['lcl-fmt-6', '--format="%0\'6f" 1234',{OUT=>"01 234"},
+             {ENV=>"LC_ALL=$locale"}],
+     ['lcl-fmt-7', '--format="%0\'\'6f" 1234',{OUT=>"01 234"},
+             {ENV=>"LC_ALL=$locale"}],
+
+  );
+if ($locale ne 'C')
+  {
+    # Reset locale to 'C' if LOCALE_FR_UTF8 doesn't output as expected
+    # as determined by the separate printf program.
+    open(LOC_NUM, "env LC_ALL=$locale printf \"%'d\" 1234|")
+      or die "Can't fork command: $!";
+    my $loc_num = <LOC_NUM>;
+    close(LOC_NUM) || die "Failed to read grouped number from printf";
+    if ($loc_num ne '1 234')
+      {
+        warn "skipping locale grouping tests as 1234 groups like $loc_num\n";
+        $locale = 'C';
+      }
+  }
+push @Tests, @Locale_Tests if $locale ne 'C';
+
+## Check all valid/invalid suffixes
+foreach my $suf ( 'A' .. 'Z', 'a' .. 'z' ) {
+  if ( $suf =~ /^[KMGTPEZY]$/ )
+    {
+      push @Tests, ["auto-suf-si-$suf","--from=si --to=si 1$suf",
+              {OUT=>"1.0$suf"}];
+      push @Tests, ["auto-suf-iec-$suf","--from=iec --to=iec 1$suf",
+              {OUT=>"1.0$suf"}];
+      push @Tests, ["auto-suf-auto-$suf","--from=auto --to=iec 1${suf}i",
+              {OUT=>"1.0$suf"}];
+      push @Tests, ["auto-suf-iec-to-ieci-$suf","--from=iec --to=iec-i 1${suf}",
+              {OUT=>"1.0${suf}i"}];
+      push @Tests, ["auto-suf-ieci-to-iec-$suf",
+              "--from=iec-i --to=iec 1${suf}i",{OUT=>"1.0${suf}"}];
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      push @Tests, ["auto-suf-si-$suf","--from=si --to=si 1$suf",
+              {ERR=>"$prog: invalid suffix in input: '1${suf}'\n"},
+              {EXIT=>2}];
+    }
+}
+
+# Prepend the command line argument and append a newline to end
+# of each expected 'OUT' string.
+my $t;
+
+Test:
+foreach $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    # Don't fiddle with expected OUT string if there's a nonzero exit status.
+    foreach my $e (@$t)
+      {
+        ref $e eq 'HASH' && exists $e->{EXIT} && $e->{EXIT}
+          and next Test;
+      }
+
+    foreach my $e (@$t)
+      {
+        ref $e eq 'HASH' && exists $e->{OUT}
+          and $e->{OUT} .= "\n"
+      }
+  }
+
+# Add test for null-terminated lines (after adjusting the OUT string, above).
+push @Tests, @NullDelim_Tests;
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{SAVE_TEMPS};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/od-N.sh b/tests/misc/od-N.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1ea36c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/od-N.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify that 'od -N N' reads no more than N bytes of input.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ od
+
+echo abcdefg > in || framework_failure_
+
+
+(od -An -N3 -c; od -An -N3 -c) < in > out
+cat <<EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+   a   b   c
+   d   e   f
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/od-endian.sh b/tests/misc/od-endian.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..10f1dfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/od-endian.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# verify that od --endian works properly
+
+# Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ od
+
+in='0123456789abcdef'
+
+NL='
+'
+
+# rev(1) is not generally available, so here's a simplistic
+# implementation sufficient for our purposes.
+rev() {
+  while read line; do
+    printf '%s' "$line" | sed "s/./&\\$NL/g" | tac | paste -s -d ''
+  done
+}
+
+in_swapped() { printf '%s' "$in" | sed "s/.\{$1\}/&\\$NL/g" | rev |tr -d '\n'; }
+
+for e in little big; do
+  test $e = little && eo=big || eo=little
+  for s in 1 2 4 8 16; do
+    for t in x f; do
+      od -t $t$s --endian=$e /dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1 || continue
+      printf '%s' "$in" | od -An -t $t$s --endian=$e  > out1
+      in_swapped  "$s"  | od -An -t $t$s --endian=$eo > out2
+      compare out1 out2 || fail=1
+    done
+  done
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/od-float.sh b/tests/misc/od-float.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..91a9030
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/od-float.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test od on floating-point values.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ od
+
+export LC_ALL=C
+
+# Test for a bug in coreutils up through 8.7: od was losing
+# information when asked to parse floating-point values.  The numeric
+# tests are valid only on Intel-like hosts, but that should be good
+# enough to detect regressions, as they are designed to succeed on
+# non-Intel-like hosts.  Also, test for another bug in coreutils 8.7
+# on x86: sometimes there was no space between the columns.
+
+set x $(echo aaaabaaa | tr ab '\376\377' | od -t fF) ||
+  fail=1
+case "$*" in
+*0-*) fail=1;;
+esac
+case $3,$4 in
+-1.694740e+38,-1.694740e+38) fail=1;;
+esac
+
+set x $(echo aaaaaaaabaaaaaaa | tr ab '\376\377' | od -t fD) ||
+  fail=1
+case "$*" in
+*0-*) fail=1;;
+esac
+case $3,$4 in
+-5.314010372517808e+303,-5.314010372517808e+303) fail=1;;
+esac
+
+set x $(echo aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaabaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | tr ab '\376\377' | od -t fL) ||
+  fail=1
+case "$*" in
+*0-*) fail=1;;
+esac
+case $3,$4 in
+-1.023442870282055988e+4855,-1.023442870282055988e+4855) fail=1;;
+esac
+
+# Ensure od doesn't crash as it did on glibc <= 2.5:
+# https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4586
+set x $(printf 00000000ff000000 | tr 0f '\000\377' | od -t fL) || fail=1
+# With coreutils <= 8.7 we used to print "nan" for the above invalid value.
+# However since v8.7-22-ga71c22f we deferred to the system printf routines
+# through the use of the ftoastr module.  So the following check would only
+# be valid on x86_64 if we again handle the conversion internally or
+# if this glibc bug is resolved:
+# https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=17661
+#case "$*" in
+#*nan*) ;;
+#*) fail=1;;
+#esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/od-j.sh b/tests/misc/od-j.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a632f3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/od-j.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify that 'od -j N' skips N bytes of input.
+
+# Copyright 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ od
+
+for file in ${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh /proc/version /sys/kernel/profiling; do
+  test -r $file || continue
+
+  cp -f $file copy &&
+  bytes=$(wc -c < copy) || framework_failure_
+
+  od -An $file > exp || fail=1
+  od -An -j $bytes $file $file > out || fail=1
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+
+  od -An -j 4096 copy copy > exp1 2> experr1; expstatus=$?
+  od -An -j 4096 $file $file > out1 2> err1; status=$?
+  test $status -eq $expstatus || fail=1
+  compare exp1 out1 || fail=1
+  compare experr1 err1 || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/od-multiple-t.sh b/tests/misc/od-multiple-t.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2bfc6b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/od-multiple-t.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# verify that multiple -t specifiers to od align well
+# This would fail before coreutils-6.13.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ od
+
+# Choose 48 bytes for the input, as that is lcm for 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16;
+# we don't anticipate any other native object size on modern hardware.
+seq 19 > in || framework_failure_
+test $(wc -c < in) -eq 48 || framework_failure_
+
+
+list='a c dC dS dI dL oC oS oI oL uC uS uI uL xC xS xI xL fF fD fL'
+for format1 in $list; do
+  for format2 in $list; do
+    od -An -t${format1}z -t${format2}z in > out-raw || fail=1
+    linewidth=$(head -n1 out-raw | wc -c)
+    linecount=$(wc -l < out-raw)
+    echo $format1 $format2 $(wc -c < out-raw) >> out
+    echo $format1 $format2 $(expr $linewidth '*' $linecount) >> exp
+  done
+done
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/od-x8.sh b/tests/misc/od-x8.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4fcbee7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/od-x8.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# verify that od -t x8 works properly
+# This would fail before coreutils-4.5.2.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ od
+
+od -t x8 /dev/null >/dev/null ||
+  skip_ "od lacks support for 8-byte quantities"
+
+echo abcdefgh |tr -d '\n' > in || framework_failure_
+
+
+od -An -t x8 in > out-raw || fail=1
+sed 's/^ //;s/\(..\)/\1 /g;s/ $//' out-raw \
+  | tr ' ' '\n' \
+  | sort -n \
+  > out
+
+od -An -t x1 in \
+  | sed 's/^ //' \
+  | tr ' ' '\n' \
+  | sort -n \
+  > exp
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/od.pl b/tests/misc/od.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0ef1dc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/od.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Exercise od
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+# Use a file in /proc whose size is not likely to
+# change between the wc and od invocations.
+my $proc_file = '/proc/version';
+-f $proc_file
+  or $proc_file = '/dev/null';
+
+# Count the bytes in $proc_file, _by reading_.
+my $len = 0;
+open FH, '<', $proc_file
+  or die "$program_name: can't open '$proc_file' for reading: $!\n";
+while (defined (my $line = <FH>))
+  {
+    $len += length $line;
+  }
+close FH;
+my $proc_file_byte_count = $len;
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     # Skip the exact length of the input file.
+     # Up to coreutils-6.9, this would ignore the "-j 1".
+     ['j-bug1', '-c -j 1 -An', {IN=>{g=>'a'}}, {OUT=>''}],
+     ['j-bug2', '-c -j 2 -An', {IN=>{g=>'a'}}, {IN=>{h=>'b'}}, {OUT=>''}],
+     # Skip the sum of the lengths of the first three inputs.
+     ['j-bug3', '-c -j 3 -An', {IN=>{g=>'a'}}, {IN=>{h=>'b'}},
+                                               {IN=>{i=>'c'}}, {OUT=>''}],
+     # Skip the sum of the lengths of the first three inputs, printing the 4th.
+     ['j-bug4', '-c -j 3 -An', {IN=>{g=>'a'}}, {IN=>{h=>'b'}},
+                               {IN=>{i=>'c'}}, {IN=>{j=>'d'}}, {OUT=>"   d\n"}],
+
+     # Ensure that od -j doesn't fseek across a nonempty file in /proc,
+     # even if the kernel reports that the file has stat.st_size = 0.
+     ['j-proc', "-An -c -j $proc_file_byte_count $proc_file",
+                               {IN=>{f2=>'e'}}, {OUT=>"   e\n"}],
+
+     # Ensure that a large width does not cause trouble.
+     # From coreutils-7.0 through coreutils-8.21, these would print
+     # approximately 128KiB of padding.
+     ['wide-a',   '-a -w65537 -An', {IN=>{g=>'x'}}, {OUT=>"   x\n"}],
+     ['wide-c',   '-c -w65537 -An', {IN=>{g=>'x'}}, {OUT=>"   x\n"}],
+     ['wide-x', '-tx1 -w65537 -An', {IN=>{g=>'B'}}, {OUT=>" 42\n"}],
+    );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $prog = 'od';
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/paste.pl b/tests/misc/paste.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9e65cbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/paste.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test paste.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $prog = 'paste';
+my $msg = "$prog: delimiter list ends with an unescaped backslash: ";
+
+my @Tests =
+  (
+   # Ensure that paste properly handles files lacking a final newline.
+   ['no-nl-1', {IN=>"a"},   {IN=>"b"},   {OUT=>"a\tb\n"}],
+   ['no-nl-2', {IN=>"a\n"}, {IN=>"b"},   {OUT=>"a\tb\n"}],
+   ['no-nl-3', {IN=>"a"},   {IN=>"b\n"}, {OUT=>"a\tb\n"}],
+   ['no-nl-4', {IN=>"a\n"}, {IN=>"b\n"}, {OUT=>"a\tb\n"}],
+
+   ['zno-nl-1', '-z', {IN=>"a"},   {IN=>"b"},   {OUT=>"a\tb\0"}],
+   ['zno-nl-2', '-z', {IN=>"a\0"}, {IN=>"b"},   {OUT=>"a\tb\0"}],
+   ['zno-nl-3', '-z', {IN=>"a"},   {IN=>"b\0"}, {OUT=>"a\tb\0"}],
+   ['zno-nl-4', '-z', {IN=>"a\0"}, {IN=>"b\0"}, {OUT=>"a\tb\0"}],
+
+   # Same as above, but with a two lines in each input file and
+   # the addition of the -d option to make SPACE be the output delimiter.
+   ['no-nla1', '-d" "', {IN=>"1\na"},   {IN=>"2\nb"},   {OUT=>"1 2\na b\n"}],
+   ['no-nla2', '-d" "', {IN=>"1\na\n"}, {IN=>"2\nb"},   {OUT=>"1 2\na b\n"}],
+   ['no-nla3', '-d" "', {IN=>"1\na"},   {IN=>"2\nb\n"}, {OUT=>"1 2\na b\n"}],
+   ['no-nla4', '-d" "', {IN=>"1\na\n"}, {IN=>"2\nb\n"}, {OUT=>"1 2\na b\n"}],
+
+   ['zno-nla1', '-zd" "', {IN=>"1\0a"},   {IN=>"2\0b"},   {OUT=>"1 2\0a b\0"}],
+   ['zno-nla2', '-zd" "', {IN=>"1\0a\0"}, {IN=>"2\0b"},   {OUT=>"1 2\0a b\0"}],
+   ['zno-nla3', '-zd" "', {IN=>"1\0a"},   {IN=>"2\0b\0"}, {OUT=>"1 2\0a b\0"}],
+   ['zno-nla4', '-zd" "', {IN=>"1\0a\0"}, {IN=>"2\0b\0"}, {OUT=>"1 2\0a b\0"}],
+
+   # Specifying a delimiter with a trailing backslash would overrun a
+   # malloc'd buffer.
+   ['delim-bs1', q!-d'\'!, {IN=>{'a'x50=>''}}, {EXIT => 1},
+    # We print a single backslash into the expected output
+    {ERR => $msg . q!\\! . "\n"} ],
+
+   # Prior to coreutils-5.1.2, this sort of abuse would make paste
+   # scribble on command-line arguments.  With paste from coreutils-5.1.0,
+   # this example would mangle the first file name argument, if it contains
+   # accepted backslash-escapes:
+   # $ paste -d\\ '123\b\b\b.....@' 2>&1 |cat -A
+   # paste: 23^H^H^H.....@...@: No such file or directory$
+   ['delim-bs2', q!-d'\'!, {IN=>{'123\b\b\b.....@'=>''}}, {EXIT => 1},
+    {ERR => $msg . q!\\! . "\n"} ],
+  );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/pathchk1.sh b/tests/misc/pathchk1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..93403b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/pathchk1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# pathchk tests
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ pathchk
+skip_if_root_
+
+touch file || framework_failure_
+
+
+# This should exit nonzero.  Before 2.0.13, it gave a diagnostic,
+# but exited successfully.
+returns_ 1 pathchk file/x > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# This should exit nonzero.  Through 5.3.0 it exited with status zero.
+returns_ 1 pathchk -p '' > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# This tests the new -P option.
+returns_ 1 pathchk -P '' > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+returns_ 1 pathchk -P -- - > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+returns_ 1 pathchk -p -P x/- > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/printenv.sh b/tests/misc/printenv.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6cee5e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/printenv.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify behavior of printenv.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ printenv
+
+# Without arguments, printenv behaves like env.  Some shells provide
+# printenv as a builtin, so we must invoke it via "env".
+# But beware of $_, set by many shells to the last command run.
+# Also, filter out LD_PRELOAD, which is set when running under valgrind.
+# Note the apparently redundant "env  env": this is to ensure to get
+# env's output the same way as that of printenv and works around a bug
+# on aarch64 at least where libc's execvp reverses the order of the
+# output.
+env -- env | grep -Ev '^(_|LD_PRELOAD)=' > exp || framework_failure_
+env -- printenv | grep -Ev '^(_|LD_PRELOAD)=' > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# POSIX is clear that environ may, but need not be, sorted.
+# Environment variable values may contain newlines, which cannot be
+# observed by merely inspecting output from printenv.
+if env -- printenv | grep '^ENV_TEST' >/dev/null ; then
+  skip_ "environment has potential interference from ENV_TEST*"
+fi
+
+# Printing a single variable's value.
+returns_ 1 env -- printenv ENV_TEST > out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+echo a > exp || framework_failure_
+ENV_TEST=a env -- printenv ENV_TEST > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Printing multiple variables.  Order follows command line.
+ENV_TEST1=a ENV_TEST2=b env -- printenv ENV_TEST2 ENV_TEST1 ENV_TEST2 > out \
+  || fail=1
+ENV_TEST1=a ENV_TEST2=b env -- printenv ENV_TEST1 ENV_TEST2 >> out || fail=1
+cat <<EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+b
+a
+b
+a
+b
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Exit status reflects missing variable, but remaining arguments processed.
+export ENV_TEST1=a
+returns_ 1 env -- printenv ENV_TEST2 ENV_TEST1 > out || fail=1
+returns_ 1 env -- printenv ENV_TEST1 ENV_TEST2 >> out || fail=1
+unset ENV_TEST1
+cat <<EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+a
+a
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Non-standard environment variable name.  Shells won't create it, but
+# env can, and printenv must be able to deal with it.
+echo b > exp || framework_failure_
+env -- -a=b printenv -- -a > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Silently reject invalid env-var names.
+# Bug present through coreutils 8.0.
+returns_ 1 env a=b=c printenv a=b > out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/printf-cov.pl b/tests/misc/printf-cov.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ab6bd15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/printf-cov.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# improve printf.c test coverage
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+my $prog = 'printf';
+my $try = "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n";
+my $pow_2_31 = 2**31;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my @Tests =
+(
+  ['no-args', {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>"$prog: missing operand\n$try"}],
+  ['no-arg2', '--', {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>"$prog: missing operand\n$try"}],
+  ['escape-1', q('\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\z\c'), {OUT=>"\a\b\f\n\r\t\x0b\\z"}],
+  ['hex-ucX',   '%X 999',    {OUT=>"3E7"}],
+  ['hex-ucXw',  '%4X 999',   {OUT=>" 3E7"}],
+  ['hex-ucXp',  '%.4X 999',  {OUT=>"03E7"}],
+  ['hex-ucXwp', '%5.4X 999', {OUT=>" 03E7"}],
+  ['hex-vw',   '%*X 4 42',  {OUT=>"  2A"}],
+  ['hex-vp',   '%.*X 4 42',  {OUT=>"002A"}],
+  ['hex-vwvp', '%*.*X 3 2 15',  {OUT=>" 0F"}],
+  ['b', q('nl\ntab\tx'), {OUT=>"nl\ntab\tx"}],
+  ['c1', '%c 123',     {OUT=>"1"}],
+  ['cw', '%\*c 3 123', {OUT=>"  1"}],
+  ['d-ucXwp', '%5.4d 999', {OUT=>" 0999"}],
+  ['d-vw',   '%*d 4 42',  {OUT=>"  42"}],
+  ['d-vp',   '%.*d 4 42',  {OUT=>"0042"}],
+  ['d-vwvp', '%*.*d 3 2 15',  {OUT=>" 15"}],
+  ['d-neg-prec', '%.*d -3 15',  {OUT=>"15"}],
+  ['d-big-prec', "%.*d $pow_2_31 15",  # INT_MAX
+   {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>"$prog: invalid precision: '$pow_2_31'\n"}],
+  ['d-big-fwidth', "%*d $pow_2_31 15",  # INT_MAX
+   {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>"$prog: invalid field width: '$pow_2_31'\n"}],
+  ['F',  '%F  1',  {OUT=>"1.000000"}],
+  ['LF', '%LF 1',  {OUT=>"1.000000"}],
+  ['E',  '%E  2',  {OUT=>"2.000000E+00"}],
+  ['LE', '%LE 2',  {OUT=>"2.000000E+00"}],
+  ['s', '%s x',      {OUT=>"x"}],
+  ['sw', '%\*s 2 x', {OUT=>" x"}],
+  ['sp',  '%.\*s 2 abcd',  {OUT=>"ab"}],
+  ['swp', '%\*.\*s 2 2 abcd',  {OUT=>"ab"}],
+  ['sw-no-args', '%\*s'],
+  ['sw-no-args2', '%.\*s'],
+  ['G-ucXwp', '%5.4G 3', {OUT=>"    3"}],
+  ['G-vw',   '%*G 4 42',  {OUT=>"  42"}],
+  ['G-vp',   '%.*G 4 42',  {OUT=>"42"}],
+  ['G-vwvp', '%*.*G 5 3 15',  {OUT=>"   15"}],
+  ['esc', q('\xaa\0377'),  {OUT=>"\xaa\0377"}],
+  ['esc-bad-hex', q('\x'), {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR=>"$prog: missing hexadecimal number in escape\n"}],
+  # ['u4', q('\u09ac'), {OUT=>"\xe0a6ac"}],
+  ['u-invalid', q('\u0000'), {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR=>"$prog: invalid universal character name \\u0000\n"}],
+  ['u-missing', q('\u'), {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR=>"$prog: missing hexadecimal number in escape\n"}],
+  ['d-invalid', '%d no-num', {OUT=>'0'}, {EXIT=>1},
+    # Depending on the strtol implementation we expect one of these:
+    #   no-num: Invalid argument         (FreeBSD6)
+    #   no-num: expected a numeric value (glibc, Solaris 10)
+    {ERR_SUBST => 's/Invalid argument$/expected a numeric value/'},
+    {ERR=>"$prog: 'no-num': expected a numeric value\n"}],
+  ['d-bad-suffix', '%d 9z', {OUT=>'9'}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR=>"$prog: '9z': value not completely converted\n"}],
+  ['d-out-of-range', '%d '.('9'x30), {EXIT=>1},
+    {OUT=>"inaccurate"}, {OUT_SUBST => 's/\d+/inaccurate/'},
+    {ERR=>"$prog: 9...9\n"}, {ERR_SUBST => "s/'9+.*/9...9/"}],
+  ['excess', 'B 1', {OUT=>'B'},
+    {ERR=>"$prog: warning: ignoring excess arguments, starting with '1'\n"}],
+  ['percent', '%%', {OUT=>'%'}],
+  ['d-sp',    q('% d' 33), {OUT=>' 33'}],
+  ['d-plus',  q('%+d' 33), {OUT=>'+33'}],
+  ['d-minus', q('%-d' 33), {OUT=> '33'}],
+  ['d-zero',  q('%02d' 1), {OUT=> '01'}],
+  ['d-quote', q("%'d" 3333), {OUT=> '3333'}, {OUT_SUBST => 'tr/3//c'}],
+  ['d-hash', q("%#d" 3333), {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR=>"$prog: %#d: invalid conversion specification\n"}],
+);
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($prog, \$prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/printf-hex.sh b/tests/misc/printf-hex.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6e76ad1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/printf-hex.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure that only two hex. digits are consumed in a \xHHH sequence
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ printf
+
+env printf '\x7e3\n' > out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+~3
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/printf-mb.sh b/tests/misc/printf-mb.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f2f32c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/printf-mb.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# tests for printing multi-byte values of characters
+
+# Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ printf
+
+prog='env printf'
+
+unset LC_ALL
+f=$LOCALE_FR_UTF8
+: ${LOCALE_FR_UTF8=none}
+if test "$LOCALE_FR_UTF8" != "none"; then
+  (
+   #valid multi-byte
+   LC_ALL=$f $prog '%04x\n' '"á' >>out 2>>err
+   #invalid multi-byte
+   LC_ALL=$f $prog '%04x\n' "'$($prog '\xe1')" >>out 2>>err
+   #uni-byte
+   LC_ALL=C $prog '%04x\n' "'$($prog '\xe1')" >>out 2>>err
+   #valid multi-byte, with trailing
+   LC_ALL=$f $prog '%04x\n' '"á=' >>out 2>>err
+   #invalid multi-byte, with trailing
+   LC_ALL=$f $prog '%04x\n' "'$($prog '\xe1')=" >>out 2>>err
+  )
+  cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+00e1
+00e1
+00e1
+00e1
+00e1
+EOF
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+
+  # Disparate LC_CTYPE and LC_MESSAGES problematic on macos,
+  # so just look for character in warning message,
+  # and normalize to LC_MESSAGES=C
+  C_WARNING='printf: '\
+'warning: =: character(s) following character constant have been ignored'
+
+  sed "s/printf:.*=.*/$C_WARNING/" < err > c_err || framework_failure_
+
+  cat <<EOF > exp_err
+$C_WARNING
+$C_WARNING
+EOF
+  compare exp_err c_err || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/printf-quote.sh b/tests/misc/printf-quote.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f396001
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/printf-quote.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# tests for printf %q
+
+# Copyright (C) 2015-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ printf
+
+prog='env printf'
+
+# Equivalent output to ls --quoting=shell-escape
+$prog '%q\n' '' "'" a 'a b' '~a' 'a~' "$($prog %b 'a\r')" > out
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+''
+"'"
+a
+'a b'
+'~a'
+a~
+'a'$'\r'
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+unset LC_ALL
+f=$LOCALE_FR_UTF8
+: ${LOCALE_FR_UTF8=none}
+if test "$LOCALE_FR_UTF8" != "none"; then
+  (
+   #printable multi-byte
+   LC_ALL=$f $prog '%q\n' 'áḃç' > out
+   #non-printable multi-byte
+   LC_ALL=$f $prog '%q\n' "$($prog '\xc2\x81')" >> out
+   #printable multi-byte in C locale
+   LC_ALL=C $prog '%q\n' 'áḃç' >> out
+  )
+  cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+áḃç
+''$'\302\201'
+''$'\303\241\341\270\203\303\247'
+EOF
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/printf-surprise.sh b/tests/misc/printf-surprise.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..480f6b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/printf-surprise.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Detect printf(3) failure even when it doesn't set stream error indicator
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+prog=printf
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ printf
+
+vm=$(get_min_ulimit_v_ env $prog %20f 0) \
+  || skip_ "this shell lacks ulimit support"
+
+# Up to coreutils-6.9, "printf %.Nf 0" would encounter an ENOMEM internal
+# error from glibc's printf(3) function whenever N was large relative to
+# the size of available memory.  As of Oct 2007, that internal stream-
+# related failure was not reflected (for any libc I know of) in the usual
+# stream error indicator that is tested by ferror.  The result was that
+# while the printf command obviously failed (generated no output),
+# it mistakenly exited successfully (exit status of 0).
+
+# Testing it is tricky, because there is so much variance
+# in quality for this corner of printf(3) implementations.
+# Most implementations do attempt to allocate N bytes of storage.
+# Using the maximum value for N (2^31-1) causes glibc-2.7 to try to
+# allocate almost 2^64 bytes, while freeBSD 6.1's implementation
+# correctly outputs almost 2GB worth of 0's, which takes too long.
+# We want to test implementations that allocate N bytes, but without
+# triggering the above extremes.
+
+# Some other versions of glibc-2.7 have a snprintf function that segfaults
+# when an internal (technically unnecessary!) memory allocation fails.
+
+# The compromise is to limit virtual memory to something reasonable,
+# and to make an N-byte-allocating-printf require more than that, thus
+# triggering the printf(3) misbehavior -- which, btw, is required by ISO C99.
+
+mkfifo_or_skip_ fifo
+trap_sigpipe_or_skip_
+
+# Disable MALLOC_PERTURB_, to avoid triggering this bug
+# https://bugs.debian.org/481543#77
+export MALLOC_PERTURB_=0
+
+# Terminate any background process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+head -c 10 fifo > out & pid=$!
+
+# Trigger large mem allocation failure
+( trap '' PIPE && ulimit -v $vm && env $prog %20000000f 0 2>err-msg > fifo )
+exit=$?
+
+# Map this longer, and rarer, diagnostic to the common one.
+# printf: cannot perform formatted output: Cannot allocate memory"
+sed 's/cannot perform .*/write error/' err-msg > k && mv k err-msg
+err_msg=$(tr '\n' : < err-msg)
+
+# By some bug, on Solaris 11 (5.11 snv_86), err_msg ends up
+# containing '1> fifo:printf: write error:'.  Recognize that, too.
+
+case $err_msg in
+  "$prog: write error:"*) diagnostic=y ;;
+  "1> fifo:$prog: write error:") diagnostic=y ;;
+  '') diagnostic=n ;;
+  *) diagnostic=unexpected ;;
+esac
+n_out=$(wc -c < out)
+
+case $n_out:$diagnostic:$exit in
+  10:n:0) ;; # ok, succeeds w/no diagnostic: FreeBSD 6.1
+  10:y:1) ;; # ok, fails with EPIPE diagnostic: musl libc
+  0:y:1)  ;; # ok, glibc-2.8 and newer, when printf(3) fails with ENOMEM
+
+  # With MALLOC_PERTURB_=0, this no longer happens.
+  # *:139)     # segfault; known bug at least in debian unstable's libc6 2.7-11
+  #    echo 1>&2 "$0: bug in snprintf causes low-mem use of printf to segfault"
+  #    fail=77;;
+
+  # 10:y) ;; # Fail: doesn't happen: nobody succeeds with a diagnostic
+  # 0:n)  ;; # Fail pre-patch: no output, no diag
+  *) fail=1;;
+esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/printf.sh b/tests/misc/printf.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..797fed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/printf.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# basic tests for printf
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+prog='env printf'
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ printf
+
+getlimits_
+
+
+# Verify the 3 methods of specifying "Escape":
+printf '%s\n' . . . | tr . '\033' > exp
+$prog '\x1b\n\33\n\e\n' > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# This would fail (by printing the '--') for printf in sh-utils
+# and in coreutils 4.5.1.
+$prog -- 'foo\n' > out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+foo
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+rm -f out exp
+# Until coreutils-4.5.10, this would elicit a segfault.
+$prog '1 %*sy\n' -3 x >  out || fail=1
+
+# Until coreutils 5.2.2, this would succeed.
+if POSIXLY_CORRECT=1 $prog '2 \x' >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  fail=1
+else
+  echo '2 failed, as expected' >> out
+fi
+
+# Until coreutils-4.5.12, these would fail.
+$prog '3 \x40\n'      >> out || fail=1
+POSIXLY_CORRECT=1 \
+$prog '4 \x40\n'      >> out || fail=1
+$prog '5 % +d\n' 234  >> out || fail=1
+
+# This should print "6 !\n", but don't rely on '!' being the
+# one-byte representation of octal 041.  With printf prior to
+# coreutils-5.0.1, it would print six bytes: "6 \41\n".
+$prog '6 \41\n' | tr '\41' '!' >> out
+
+# Note that as of coreutils-5.0.1, printf with a format of '\0002y'
+# prints a NUL byte followed by the digit '2' and a 'y'.
+$prog '7 \2y \02y \002y \0002y\n' |tr '\0\2' '*=' >> out
+
+$prog '8 %b %b %b %b\n' '\1y' '\01y' '\001y' '\0001y'|tr '\1' = >> out
+
+$prog '9 %*dx\n' -2 0 >>out || fail=1
+
+$prog '10 %.*dx\n' $INT_UFLOW 0 >>out || fail=1
+returns_ 1 $prog '%.*dx\n' $INT_OFLOW 0 >>out 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+
+$prog '11 %*c\n' 2 x >>out || fail=1
+
+returns_ 1 $prog '%#d\n' 0 >>out 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+
+returns_ 1 $prog '%0s\n' 0 >>out 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+
+returns_ 1 $prog '%.9c\n' 0 >>out 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+
+returns_ 1 $prog '%'\''s\n' 0 >>out 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+1 x  y
+2 failed, as expected
+3 @
+4 @
+5 +234
+6 !
+7 =y =y =y *2y
+8 =y =y =y =y
+9 0 x
+10 0x
+11  x
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Verify handling of single quote chars (\' or \")
+
+$prog '%d\n' '"a'  >out 2>err   # valid
+$prog '%d\n' '"a"' >>out 2>>err # invalid
+$prog '%d\n' '"'   >>out 2>>err # invalid
+$prog '%d\n' 'a'   >>out 2>>err # invalid
+
+cat <<EOF > exp
+97
+97
+0
+0
+EOF
+
+# POSIX says strtoimax *may* set errno to EINVAL in the latter
+# two cases.  So far, that happens at least on MacOS X 10.5.
+# Map that output to the more common expected output.
+sed 's/: Invalid.*/: expected a numeric value/' err > k && mv k err
+
+cat <<EOF > exp_err
+printf: warning: ": character(s) following character constant have been ignored
+printf: '"': expected a numeric value
+printf: 'a': expected a numeric value
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare exp_err err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/ptx-overrun.sh b/tests/misc/ptx-overrun.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a616bb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/ptx-overrun.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ ptx
+
+# Trigger a heap-clobbering bug in ptx from coreutils-6.10 and earlier.
+# Using a long file name makes an abort more likely.
+# Even with no file name, valgrind detects the buffer overrun.
+f=01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+touch $f empty || framework_failure_
+
+# Specifying a regular expression ending in a lone backslash
+# would cause ptx to write beyond the end of a malloc'd buffer.
+ptx -F '\'      $f < /dev/null  > out || fail=1
+ptx -S 'foo\'   $f < /dev/null >> out || fail=1
+ptx -W 'bar\\\' $f < /dev/null >> out || fail=1
+compare out empty || fail=1
+
+
+# Trigger an invalid heap reference noticed by gcc -fsanitize=address
+# from coreutils-8.22 and earlier.  As well as an invalid memory reference,
+# the issue can be seen in the output, with non deterministice whitespace
+# trimming when multiple files are specified.
+printf '%s\n' 'This is a ptx whitespace Trimming test' > ws.in
+ptx ws.in ws.in | sort | uniq -u > out
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+
+
+# Trigger an invalid heap reference noticed by gcc -fsanitize=address
+# from coreutils-8.25 and earlier.
+echo a > a
+ptx -w1 -A "$PWD/a" >/dev/null || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/ptx.pl b/tests/misc/ptx.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2feec87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/ptx.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+my $prog = 'ptx';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my @Tests =
+(
+["1tok", '-w10', {IN=>"bar\n"},     {OUT=>"        bar\n"}],
+["2tok", '-w10', {IN=>"foo bar\n"}, {OUT=>"     /   bar\n        foo/\n"}],
+
+# with coreutils-6.12 and earlier, this would infloop with -wN, N < 10
+["narrow", '-w2', {IN=>"qux\n"},    {OUT=>"      qux\n"}],
+["narrow-g", '-g1 -w2', {IN=>"ta\n"}, {OUT=>"  ta\n"}],
+
+# with coreutils-6.12 and earlier, this would act like "ptx F1 F1"
+["2files", '-g1 -w1', {IN=>{F1=>"a"}}, {IN=>{F2=>"b"}}, {OUT=>"  a\n  b\n"}],
+
+# with coreutils-8.22 and earlier, the --format long option would
+# fall through into the --help case.
+["format-r", '--format=roff', {IN=>"foo\n"},
+                              {OUT=>".xx \"\" \"\" \"foo\" \"\"\n"}],
+["format-t", '--format=tex',  {IN=>"foo\n"},
+                              {OUT=>"\\xx {}{}{foo}{}{}\n"}],
+
+# with coreutils-8.28 and earlier, the -S option would infloop with
+# matches of zero-length.
+["S-infloop", '-S \^', {IN=>"a\n"}, {EXIT=>1},
+                       {ERR_SUBST=>'s/^.*reg.*ex.*length zero.*$/regexlzero/'},
+                       {ERR=>"regexlzero\n"}],
+);
+
+@Tests = triple_test \@Tests;
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($prog, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/pwd-long.sh b/tests/misc/pwd-long.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..34a3b54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/pwd-long.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# -*- perl -*-
+# Ensure that pwd works even when run from a very deep directory.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ pwd
+
+require_readable_root_
+require_perl_
+
+ARGV_0=$0
+export ARGV_0
+
+# Don't use CuTmpdir here, since File::Temp's use of rmtree can't
+# remove the deep tree we create.
+$PERL -Tw -I"$abs_srcdir/tests" -MCuSkip -- - <<\EOF
+
+# Show that pwd works even when the length of the resulting
+# directory name is longer than PATH_MAX.
+use strict;
+
+(my $ME = $ENV{ARGV_0}) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+sub normalize_to_cwd_relative ($$$)
+{
+  my ($dir, $dev, $ino) = @_;
+  my $slash = -1;
+  my $next_slash;
+  while (1)
+    {
+      $slash = index $dir, '/', $slash + 1;
+      $slash <= -1
+        and die "$ME: $dir does not contain old CWD\n";
+      my $dir_prefix = $slash ? substr ($dir, 0, $slash) : '/';
+      my ($d, $i) = (stat $dir_prefix)[0, 1];
+      defined $d && defined $i
+        or die "$ME: $dir_prefix: stat failed: $!\n";
+      $d eq $dev && $i eq $ino
+        and return substr $dir, $slash + 1;
+    }
+}
+
+# Set up a safe, well-known environment
+$ENV{IFS}  = '';
+
+# Taint checking requires a sanitized $PATH.  This script performs no $PATH
+# search, so on most Unix-based systems, it is fine simply to clear $ENV{PATH}.
+# However, on Cygwin, it's used to find cygwin1.dll, so set it.
+$ENV{PATH} = '/bin:/usr/bin';
+
+# Save CWD's device and inode numbers.
+my ($dev, $ino) = (stat '.')[0, 1];
+
+# Construct the expected "."-relative part of pwd's output.
+my $z = 'z' x 31;
+my $n = 256;
+my $expected = "/$z" x $n;
+# Remove the leading "/".
+substr ($expected, 0, 1) = '';
+
+my $i = 0;
+do
+  {
+    mkdir $z, 0700
+      or CuSkip::skip "$ME: skipping this test; cannot create long "
+        . "directory name at depth $i: $!\n";
+    chdir $z
+  }
+until (++$i == $n);
+
+my $abs_top_builddir = $ENV{abs_top_builddir};
+$abs_top_builddir
+  or die "$ME: envvar abs_top_builddir not defined\n";
+my $build_src_dir = "$abs_top_builddir/src";
+$build_src_dir =~ m!^([-+.:/\w]+)$!
+  or CuSkip::skip "$ME: skipping this test; odd build source directory name:\n"
+    . "$build_src_dir\n";
+$build_src_dir = $1;
+
+my $pwd_binary = "$build_src_dir/pwd";
+
+-x $pwd_binary
+  or die "$ME: $pwd_binary is not an executable file\n";
+chomp (my $actual = qx!$pwd_binary!);
+
+# Convert the absolute name from pwd into a $CWD-relative name.
+# This is necessary in order to avoid a spurious failure when run
+# from a directory in a bind-mounted partition.  What happens is
+# pwd reads a ".." that contains two or more entries with identical
+# dev,ino that match the ones we're looking for, and it chooses a
+# name that does not correspond to the one already recorded in $CWD.
+$actual = normalize_to_cwd_relative $actual, $dev, $ino;
+
+if ($expected ne $actual)
+  {
+    my $e_len = length $expected;
+    my $a_len = length $actual;
+    warn "expected len: $e_len\n";
+    warn "actual len:   $a_len\n";
+    warn "expected: $expected\n";
+    warn "actual: $actual\n";
+    exit 1;
+  }
+EOF
+
+fail=$?
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/pwd-option.sh b/tests/misc/pwd-option.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fdcf675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/pwd-option.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that pwd options work.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ pwd
+
+mkdir -p a/b || framework_failure_
+ln -s a/b c || framework_failure_
+base=$(env -- pwd -P)
+
+# Remove any logical paths from $PWD.
+cd "$base" || framework_failure_
+test "x$PWD" = "x$base" || framework_failure_
+
+# Enter a logical directory.
+cd c || framework_failure_
+test "x$PWD" = "x$base/c" || skip_ "cd does not properly update \$PWD"
+
+env -- pwd -L > out || fail=1
+printf %s\\n "$base/c" > exp || fail=1
+
+env -- pwd --logical -P >> out || fail=1
+printf %s\\n "$base/a/b" >> exp || fail=1
+
+env -- pwd --physical >> out || fail=1
+printf %s\\n "$base/a/b" >> exp || fail=1
+
+# By default, we use -P unless POSIXLY_CORRECT.
+env -- pwd >> out || fail=1
+printf %s\\n "$base/a/b" >> exp || fail=1
+
+env -- POSIXLY_CORRECT=1 pwd >> out || fail=1
+printf %s\\n "$base/c" >> exp || fail=1
+
+# Make sure we reject bogus values, and silently fall back to -P.
+env -- PWD="$PWD/." pwd -L >> out || fail=1
+printf %s\\n "$base/a/b" >> exp || fail=1
+
+env -- PWD=bogus pwd -L >> out || fail=1
+printf %s\\n "$base/a/b" >> exp || fail=1
+
+env -- PWD="$base/a/../c" pwd -L >> out || fail=1
+printf %s\\n "$base/a/b" >> exp || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/readlink-fp-loop.sh b/tests/misc/readlink-fp-loop.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a8e8430
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/readlink-fp-loop.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# readlink from 6.9 would fail with a false-positive symlink loop error
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ readlink pwd
+cwd=$(env pwd -P)
+
+# To trigger this bug, we have to construct a name/situation during
+# the resolution of which the code dereferences the same symlink (S)
+# two different times with no actual loop.  In addition, arrange
+# so that the second and fourth calls to readlink operate on S.
+
+ln -s s p        || framework_failure_
+ln -s d s        || framework_failure_
+mkdir d          || framework_failure_
+echo 2 > d/2     || framework_failure_
+ln -s ../s/2 d/1 || framework_failure_
+
+# With coreutils-6.9, this would fail with ELOOP.
+readlink -v -e p/1 > out || fail=1
+# readlink -e d/2 > exp || fail=1
+echo "$cwd/d/2" > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Construct a real loop and make sure readlink still detects it.
+ln -sf ../s/1 d/2 || framework_failure_
+readlink -v -e p/1 2> out && fail=1
+readlink_msg=$(cat out)
+case $readlink_msg in
+  "readlink: p/1: "*) ;;
+  *) fail=1;;
+esac
+symlink_loop_msg=${readlink_msg#"readlink: p/1: "}
+
+# Exercise the hash table code.
+ln -nsf ../s/3 d/2 || framework_failure_
+ln -nsf ../p/4 d/3 || framework_failure_
+ln -nsf ../p/5 d/4 || framework_failure_
+ln -nsf ../p/6 d/5 || framework_failure_
+ln -nsf ../p/7 d/6 || framework_failure_
+ln -nsf ../p/8 d/7 || framework_failure_
+echo x > d/8       || framework_failure_
+readlink -v -e p/1 > out || fail=1
+echo "$cwd/d/8" > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# A trivial loop
+ln -s loop loop
+readlink -v -e loop 2> out && fail=1
+echo "readlink: loop: $symlink_loop_msg" > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/readlink-root.sh b/tests/misc/readlink-root.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1e79125
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/readlink-root.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# tests for canonicalize-existing mode (readlink -e) on /.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ readlink
+
+stat_single=$(stat -c %d:%i /) || framework_failure_
+stat_double=$(stat -c %d:%i //) || framework_failure_
+double_slash=//
+if test x"$stat_single" = x"$stat_double"; then
+  double_slash=/
+fi
+
+test -d /dev || framework_failure_
+
+ln -s / one || framework_failure_
+ln -s // two || framework_failure_
+ln -s /// three || framework_failure_
+ln -s /./..// one-dots || framework_failure_
+ln -s //./..// two-dots || framework_failure_
+ln -s ///./..// three-dots || framework_failure_
+ln -s /dev one-dev || framework_failure_
+ln -s //dev two-dev || framework_failure_
+ln -s ///dev three-dev || framework_failure_
+
+cat >exp <<EOF || framework_failure_
+/
+$double_slash
+/
+/
+$double_slash
+/
+/
+$double_slash
+/
+/
+$double_slash
+/
+/dev
+${double_slash}dev
+/dev
+/dev
+${double_slash}dev
+/dev
+/dev
+${double_slash}dev
+/dev
+EOF
+
+{
+  readlink -e / || fail=1
+  readlink -e // || fail=1
+  readlink -e /// || fail=1
+  readlink -e /.//.. || fail=1
+  readlink -e //.//.. || fail=1
+  readlink -e ///.//.. || fail=1
+  readlink -e one || fail=1
+  readlink -e two || fail=1
+  readlink -e three || fail=1
+  readlink -e one-dots || fail=1
+  readlink -e two-dots || fail=1
+  readlink -e three-dots || fail=1
+  readlink -e one-dev || fail=1
+  # We know /dev exists, but cannot assume //dev exists
+  readlink -f two-dev || fail=1
+  readlink -e three-dev || fail=1
+  readlink -e one/dev || fail=1
+  readlink -f two/dev || fail=1
+  readlink -e three/dev || fail=1
+  readlink -e one-dots/dev || fail=1
+  readlink -f two-dots/dev || fail=1
+  readlink -e three-dots/dev || fail=1
+} > out
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/realpath.sh b/tests/misc/realpath.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a27a46b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/realpath.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Validate realpath operation
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ realpath
+
+stat_single=$(stat -c %d:%i /) || framework_failure_
+stat_double=$(stat -c %d:%i //) || framework_failure_
+double_slash=//
+if test x"$stat_single" = x"$stat_double"; then
+  double_slash=/
+fi
+nl='
+'
+
+test -d /dev || framework_failure_
+
+# Setup dir, file, symlink structure
+
+mkdir -p dir1/dir2 || framework_failure_
+ln -s dir1/dir2 ldir2 || framework_failure_
+touch dir1/f dir1/dir2/f || framework_failure_
+ln -s / one || framework_failure_
+ln -s // two || framework_failure_
+ln -s /// three || framework_failure_
+
+# Basic operation
+realpath -Pqz . >/dev/null || fail=1
+# Operand is required
+returns_ 1 realpath >/dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 realpath --relative-base . --relative-to . || fail=1
+returns_ 1 realpath --relative-base . || fail=1
+
+# -e --relative-* require directories
+returns_ 1 realpath -e --relative-to=dir1/f --relative-base=. . || fail=1
+realpath -e --relative-to=dir1/  --relative-base=. . || fail=1
+
+# Note NUL params are unconditionally rejected by canonicalize_filename_mode
+returns_ 1 realpath -m '' || fail=1
+returns_ 1 realpath --relative-base= --relative-to=. . || fail=1
+
+# symlink resolution
+this=$(realpath .)
+test "$(realpath ldir2/..)" = "$this/dir1" || fail=1
+test "$(realpath -L ldir2/..)" = "$this" || fail=1
+test "$(realpath -s ldir2)" = "$this/ldir2" || fail=1
+
+# relative string handling
+test $(realpath -m --relative-to=prefix prefixed/1) = '../prefixed/1' || fail=1
+test $(realpath -m --relative-to=prefixed prefix/1) = '../prefix/1' || fail=1
+test $(realpath -m --relative-to=prefixed prefixed/1) = '1' || fail=1
+
+# Ensure no redundant trailing '/' present, as was the case in v8.15
+test $(realpath -sm --relative-to=/usr /) = '..' || fail=1
+# Ensure no redundant leading '../' present, as was the case in v8.15
+test $(realpath -sm --relative-to=/ /usr) = 'usr' || fail=1
+
+# Ensure --relative-base works
+out=$(realpath -sm --relative-base=/usr --relative-to=/usr /tmp /usr) || fail=1
+test "$out" = "/tmp$nl." || fail=1
+out=$(realpath -sm --relative-base=/ --relative-to=/ / /usr) || fail=1
+test "$out" = ".${nl}usr" || fail=1
+# --relative-to defaults to the value of --relative-base
+out=$(realpath -sm --relative-base=/usr /tmp /usr) || fail=1
+test "$out" = "/tmp$nl." || fail=1
+out=$(realpath -sm --relative-base=/ / /usr) || fail=1
+test "$out" = ".${nl}usr" || fail=1
+# For now, --relative-base must be a prefix of --relative-to, or all output
+# will be absolute (compare to MacOS 'relpath -d dir start end').
+out=$(realpath -sm --relative-base=/usr/local --relative-to=/usr \
+    /usr /usr/local) || fail=1
+test "$out" = "/usr${nl}/usr/local" || fail=1
+
+# Ensure // is handled correctly.
+test "$(realpath / // ///)" = "/$nl$double_slash$nl/" || fail=1
+test "$(realpath one two three)" = "/$nl$double_slash$nl/" || fail=1
+out=$(realpath -sm --relative-to=/ / // /dev //dev) || fail=1
+if test $double_slash = //; then
+  test "$out" = ".$nl//${nl}dev$nl//dev" || fail=1
+else
+  test "$out" = ".$nl.${nl}dev${nl}dev" || fail=1
+fi
+out=$(realpath -sm --relative-to=// / // /dev //dev) || fail=1
+if test $double_slash = //; then
+  test "$out" = "/$nl.$nl/dev${nl}dev" || fail=1
+else
+  test "$out" = ".$nl.${nl}dev${nl}dev" || fail=1
+fi
+out=$(realpath --relative-base=/ --relative-to=// / //) || fail=1
+if test $double_slash = //; then
+  test "$out" = "/$nl//" || fail=1
+else
+  test "$out" = ".$nl." || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/runcon-no-reorder.sh b/tests/misc/runcon-no-reorder.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cc5ff1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/runcon-no-reorder.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that runcon does not reorder its arguments.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ runcon
+
+diag='runcon: runcon may be used only on a SELinux kernel'
+echo "$diag" > exp || framework_failure_
+
+
+# This test works even on systems without SELinux.
+# On such a system it fails with the above diagnostic, which is fine.
+# Before the no-reorder change, it would have failed with a diagnostic
+# about -j being an invalid option.
+runcon $(id -Z) true -j 2> out && > exp
+
+# When run on a system with no /selinux/context (i.e., in a chroot),
+# it fails with this: "runcon: invalid context: \
+# root:system_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023: No such file or directory"
+# That diagnostic is ok, too, so map it to the more common one.
+case $(cat out) in
+  'runcon: invalid context: '*) echo "$diag" > out;;
+esac
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/selinux.sh b/tests/misc/selinux.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fe85467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/selinux.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test SELinux-related options.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ chcon cp ls mv stat
+
+require_root_
+require_selinux_
+skip_if_mcstransd_is_running_
+
+# Create a regular file, dir, fifo.
+touch f || framework_failure_
+mkdir d s1 s2 || framework_failure_
+mkfifo_or_skip_ p
+
+
+# special context that works both with and without mcstransd
+ctx='root:object_r:tmp_t'
+mls_enabled_ && ctx="$ctx:s0"
+
+chcon $ctx f d p || skip_ "Failed to set context: $ctx"
+
+# inspect that context with both ls -Z and stat.
+for i in d f p; do
+  c=$(ls -dogZ $i|cut -d' ' -f3); test x$c = x$ctx || fail=1
+  c=$(stat --printf %C $i); test x$c = x$ctx || fail=1
+done
+
+# ensure that ls -l output includes the ".".
+c=$(ls -l f|cut -c11); test "$c" = . || fail=1
+
+# Copy with an invalid context and ensure it fails
+# Note this may succeed when root and selinux is in permissive mode
+if test "$(getenforce)" = Enforcing; then
+  returns_ 1 cp --context='invalid-selinux-context' f f.cp || fail=1
+fi
+
+# Copy each to a new directory and ensure that context is preserved.
+cp -r --preserve=all d f p s1 || fail=1
+for i in d f p; do
+  c=$(stat --printf %C s1/$i); test x$c = x$ctx || fail=1
+done
+
+# Now, move each to a new directory and ensure that context is preserved.
+mv d f p s2 || fail=1
+for i in d f p; do
+  c=$(stat --printf %C s2/$i); test x$c = x$ctx || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/seq-epipe.sh b/tests/misc/seq-epipe.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9e382b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/seq-epipe.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test for proper detection of EPIPE with ignored SIGPIPE
+
+# Copyright (C) 2016-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ seq
+trap_sigpipe_or_skip_
+
+# /bin/sh has an intermittent failure in ignoring SIGPIPE on OpenIndiana 11
+# so we require bash as discussed at:
+# https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/coreutils/2020-03/msg00004.html
+require_bash_as_SHELL_
+
+# upon EPIPE with signals ignored, 'seq' should exit with an error.
+timeout 10 $SHELL -c \
+  'trap "" PIPE && { seq inf 2>err; echo $? >code; } | head -n1' >out
+
+# Exit-code must be 1, indicating 'write error'
+echo 1 > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare exp code || fail=1
+
+grep '^seq: write error: ' err \
+  || { warn_ "seq emitted incorrect error on EPIPE"; \
+       cat err;\
+       fail=1; }
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/seq-extra-number.sh b/tests/misc/seq-extra-number.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ded774d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/seq-extra-number.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test the "print_extra_number" logic seq.c:print_numbers()
+
+# Copyright (C) 2019-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ seq
+
+##
+## Test 1: the documented reason for the logic
+##
+cat<<'EOF'>exp1 || framework_failure_
+0.000000
+0.000001
+0.000002
+0.000003
+EOF
+
+seq 0 0.000001 0.000003 > out1 || fail=1
+compare exp1 out1 || fail=1
+
+
+##
+## Test 2: before 8.32, this resulted in TWO lines
+## (print_extra_number was erroneously set to true)
+## The '=' is there instead of a space to ease visual inspection.
+cat<<'EOF'>exp2 || framework_failure_
+1e+06=
+EOF
+
+seq -f "%g=" 1000000 1000000 > out2 || fail=1
+compare exp2 out2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/seq-io-errors.sh b/tests/misc/seq-io-errors.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..41886b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/seq-io-errors.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test for proper detection of I/O errors in seq
+
+# Copyright (C) 2016-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ seq
+
+if ! test -w /dev/full || ! test -c /dev/full; then
+  skip_ '/dev/full is required'
+fi
+
+# Run 'seq' with a timeout, preventing infinite-loop run.
+# expected returned codes:
+#  1     - seq detected an I/O error and exited with an error.
+#  124   - timed-out (seq likely infloop)
+#  other - unexpected error
+timed_seq_fail() { timeout 10 seq "$@" >/dev/full 2>/dev/null; }
+
+
+# Test infinite sequence, using fast-path method (seq_fast).
+returns_ 1 timed_seq_fail 1 inf || fail=1
+
+# Test infinite sequence, using slow-path method (print_numbers).
+returns_ 1 timed_seq_fail 1.1 .1 inf || fail=1
+
+# Test non-infinite sequence, using slow-path method (print_numbers).
+# (despite being non-infinite, the entire sequence should take long time to
+#  print. Thus, either an I/O error is detected immediately, or seq will
+#  timeout).
+returns_ 1 timed_seq_fail 1 0.0001 99999999 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/seq-locale.sh b/tests/misc/seq-locale.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f0efd2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/seq-locale.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test for output with appropriate precision
+
+# Copyright (C) 2019-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ seq
+
+# With coreutils-8.30 and earlier, the last decimal point would be ','
+# when setlocale(LC_ALL, "") failed, but setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "") succeeded.
+LC_ALL= LANG=invalid LC_NUMERIC=$LOCALE_FR_UTF8 seq 0.1 0.2 0.7 > out || fail=1
+uniq -w2 out > out-merge || framework_failure_
+test "$(wc -l < out-merge)" = 1 || { fail=1; cat out; }
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/seq-long-double.sh b/tests/misc/seq-long-double.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cfc39f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/seq-long-double.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test for this fix: 461231f022bdb3ee392622d31dc475034adceeb2.
+# Ensure that seq prints exactly two numbers for a 2-number integral
+# range at the limit of floating point precision.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ seq
+getlimits_
+
+# Run this test only with glibc and sizeof (long double) > sizeof (double).
+# Otherwise, there are known failures.
+cat <<\EOF > long.c
+#include <features.h>
+#if defined __GNU_LIBRARY__ && __GLIBC__ >= 2
+int foo[sizeof (long double) - sizeof (double) - 1];
+#else
+"run this test only with glibc"
+#endif
+EOF
+$CC -c long.c \
+  || skip_ \
+     'this test runs only on systems with glibc and long double != double'
+
+a=$INTMAX_MAX
+b=$INTMAX_OFLOW
+
+seq $a $b > out || fail=1
+printf "$a\n$b\n" > exp || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/seq-precision.sh b/tests/misc/seq-precision.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d489d76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/seq-precision.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test for output with appropriate precision
+
+# Copyright (C) 2015-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ seq
+getlimits_
+
+# Integer only.  Before v8.24 these would switch output format
+
+seq 999999 inf | head -n2 > out || fail=1
+printf "%s\n" 999999 1000000 > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Exercise buffer handling in non floating point output
+for i in $(seq 100); do
+  n1="$(printf '%*s' $i '' | tr ' ' 9)"
+  n2="1$(echo $n1 | tr 9 0)"
+
+  seq $n1 $n2 > out || fail=1
+  printf "%s\n" "$n1" "$n2" > exp || framework_failure_
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+done
+
+seq 0xF423F 0xF4240 > out || fail=1
+printf "%s\n" 999999 1000000 > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure consistent precision for inf
+seq 1 .1 inf | head -n2 > out || fail=1
+printf "%s\n" 1.0 1.1 > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure standard output methods with inf start
+seq inf inf | head -n2 | uniq > out || fail=1
+test "$(wc -l < out)" = 1 || fail=1
+
+# Ensure auto precision for hex float
+seq 1 0x1p-1 2 > out || fail=1
+printf "%s\n" 1 1.5 2 > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure consistent precision for hex
+seq 1 .1 0x2 | head -n2 > out || fail=1
+printf "%s\n" 1.0 1.1 > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure consistent handling of precision/width for exponents
+
+seq 1.1e1 12 > out || fail=1
+printf "%s\n" 11 12 > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+seq 11 1.2e1 > out || fail=1
+printf "%s\n" 11 12 > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+seq -w 1.1e4 | head -n1 > out || fail=1
+printf "%s\n" 00001 > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+seq -w 1.10000e5 1.10000e5 > out || fail=1
+printf "%s\n" 110000 > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure no undefined behavior which failed with <= 8.32
+# This test would fail with: -fsanitize=undefined
+seq 1e$LONG_MIN 2> err || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/seq.pl b/tests/misc/seq.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7220055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/seq.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test "seq".
+
+# Copyright (C) 1999-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $prog = 'seq';
+my $try_help = "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n";
+my $err_inc_zero = "seq: invalid Zero increment value: '0'\n".$try_help;
+my $err_nan_arg = "seq: invalid 'not-a-number' argument: 'nan'\n".$try_help;
+
+my $locale = $ENV{LOCALE_FR_UTF8};
+! defined $locale || $locale eq 'none'
+  and $locale = 'C';
+
+my $p = '9' x 81;
+(my $q = $p) =~ s/9/0/g;
+$q = "1$q";
+(my $r = $q) =~ s/0$/1/;
+
+my @Tests =
+  (
+   ['onearg-1',	qw(10),		{OUT => [(1..10)]}],
+   ['onearg-2',	qw(-1)],
+   ['empty-rev', qw(1 -1 3)],
+   ['neg-1',	qw(-10 10 10),	{OUT => [qw(-10 0 10)]}],
+   # ['neg-2',	qw(-.1 .1 .11),	{OUT => [qw(-0.1 0.0 0.1)]}],
+   ['neg-3',	qw(1 -1 0),	{OUT => [qw(1 0)]}],
+   ['neg-4',	qw(1 -1 -1),	{OUT => [qw(1 0 -1)]}],
+
+   ['float-1',	qw(0.8 0.1 0.9),	{OUT => [qw(0.8 0.9)]}],
+   ['float-2',	qw(0.1 0.99 1.99),	{OUT => [qw(0.10 1.09)]}],
+   ['float-3',	qw(10.8 0.1 10.95),	{OUT => [qw(10.8 10.9)]}],
+   ['float-4',	qw(0.1 -0.1 -0.2),	{OUT => [qw(0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2)]},
+    {OUT_SUBST => 's,^-0\.0$,0.0,'},
+   ],
+   ['float-5',	qw(0.8 1e-1 0.9),	{OUT => [qw(0.8 0.9)]}],
+   # Don't append lots of zeros to that 0.9000...; for example, changing the
+   # number to 0.90000000000000000000 tickles a bug in Solaris 8 strtold
+   # that would cause the test to fail.
+   ['float-6',	qw(0.8 0.1 0.9000000000000),	{OUT => [qw(0.8 0.9)]}],
+
+   ['wid-1',	qw(.8 1e-2 .81),  {OUT => [qw(0.80 0.81)]}],
+   ['wid-2',	qw(.89999 1e-7 .8999901),  {OUT => [qw(0.8999900 0.8999901)]}],
+
+   ['eq-wid-1',	qw(-w 1 -1 -1),	{OUT => [qw(01 00 -1)]}],
+   # Prior to 2.0g, this test would fail on e.g., HPUX systems
+   # because it'd end up using %3.1f as the format instead of %4.1f.
+   ['eq-wid-2',	qw(-w -.1 .1 .11),{OUT => [qw(-0.1 00.0 00.1)]}],
+   ['eq-wid-3',	qw(-w 1 3.0),  {OUT => [qw(1 2 3)]}],
+   ['eq-wid-4',	qw(-w .8 1e-2 .81),  {OUT => [qw(0.80 0.81)]}],
+   ['eq-wid-5',	qw(-w 1 .5 2),  {OUT => [qw(1.0 1.5 2.0)]}],
+   ['eq-wid-6',	qw(-w +1 2),  {OUT => [qw(1 2)]}],
+   ['eq-wid-7',	qw(-w "    .1"  "    .1"),  {OUT => [qw(0.1)]}],
+   ['eq-wid-8',	qw(-w 9 0.5 10),  {OUT => [qw(09.0 09.5 10.0)]}],
+   # Prior to 8.21, these tests involving numbers in scentific notation
+   # would fail with misalignment or wrong widths.
+   ['eq-wid-9',	qw(-w -1e-3 1),  {OUT => [qw(-0.001 00.999)]}],
+   ['eq-wid-10',qw(-w -1e-003 1),  {OUT => [qw(-0.001 00.999)]}],
+   ['eq-wid-11',qw(-w -1.e-3 1),  {OUT => [qw(-0.001 00.999)]}],
+   ['eq-wid-12',qw(-w -1.0e-4 1),  {OUT => [qw(-0.00010 00.99990)]}],
+   ['eq-wid-13',qw(-w 999 1e3),  {OUT => [qw(0999 1000)]}],
+   # Prior to 8.21, if the start value hadn't a precision, while step did,
+   # then misalignment would occur if the sequence narrowed.
+   ['eq-wid-14',qw(-w -1 1.0 0),  {OUT => [qw(-1.0 00.0)]}],
+   ['eq-wid-15',qw(-w 10 -.1 9.9),  {OUT => [qw(10.0 09.9)]}],
+
+   # Prior to coreutils-4.5.11, some of these were not accepted.
+   ['fmt-1',	qw(-f %2.1f 1.5 .5 2),{OUT => [qw(1.5 2.0)]}],
+   ['fmt-2',	qw(-f %0.1f 1.5 .5 2),{OUT => [qw(1.5 2.0)]}],
+   ['fmt-3',	qw(-f %.1f  1.5 .5 2),{OUT => [qw(1.5 2.0)]}],
+
+   ['fmt-4',	qw(-f %3.0f 1 2),     {OUT => ['  1', '  2']}],
+   ['fmt-5',	qw(-f %-3.0f 1 2),    {OUT => ['1  ', '2  ']}],
+   ['fmt-6',	qw(-f %+3.0f 1 2),    {OUT => [' +1', ' +2']}],
+   ['fmt-7',	qw(-f %0+3.0f 1 2),   {OUT => [qw(+01 +02)]}],
+   ['fmt-8',	qw(-f %0+.0f 1 2),    {OUT => [qw(+1 +2)]}],
+   ['fmt-9',	'-f "% -3.0f"', qw(-1 0), {OUT => ['-1 ', ' 0 ']}],
+   ['fmt-a',	'-f "% -.0f"',qw(-1 0), {OUT => ['-1', ' 0']}],
+   ['fmt-b',	qw(-f %%%g%% 1),	{OUT => ['%1%']}],
+
+   # In coreutils-[6.0..6.9], this would mistakenly succeed and print "%Lg".
+   ['fmt-c',	qw(-f %%g 1), {EXIT => 1},
+    {ERR => "seq: format '%%g' has no % directive\n"}],
+
+   # In coreutils-6.9..6.10, this would fail with an erroneous diagnostic:
+   # "seq: memory exhausted".  In coreutils-6.0..6.8, it would mistakenly
+   # succeed and print a blank line.
+   ['fmt-eos1', qw(-f % 1), {EXIT => 1},
+    {ERR => "seq: format '%' ends in %\n"}],
+   ['fmt-eos2', qw(-f %g% 1), {EXIT => 1},
+    {ERR => "seq: format '%g%' has too many % directives\n"}],
+
+   ['fmt-d',	qw(-f "" 1), {EXIT => 1},
+    {ERR => "seq: format '' has no % directive\n"}],
+   ['fmt-e',	qw(-f %g%g 1), {EXIT => 1},
+    {ERR => "seq: format '%g%g' has too many % directives\n"}],
+
+   # With coreutils-6.12 and earlier, with a UTF8 numeric locale that uses
+   # something other than "." as the decimal point, this use of seq would
+   # fail to print the "2,0" endpoint.
+   ['locale-dec-pt', qw(-0.1 0.1 2),
+    {OUT => [qw(-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
+                         1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0)]},
+
+    {ENV => "LC_ALL=$locale"},
+    {OUT_SUBST => 's/,/./g'},
+    ],
+
+   # With coreutils-8.19 and prior, this would infloop.
+   ['long-1', "$p $r", {OUT => [$p, $q, $r]}],
+
+   # Exercise the code that trims leading zeros.
+   ['long-leading-zeros1', qw(000 2), {OUT => [qw(0 1 2)]}],
+   ['long-leading-zeros2', qw(000 02), {OUT => [qw(0 1 2)]}],
+   ['long-leading-zeros3', qw(00 02), {OUT => [qw(0 1 2)]}],
+   ['long-leading-zeros4', qw(0 02), {OUT => [qw(0 1 2)]}],
+
+   # Exercise the -s option, which was broken in 8.20
+   ['sep-1', qw(-s, 1 3), {OUT => [qw(1,2,3)]}],
+   ['sep-2', qw(-s, 1 1), {OUT => [qw(1)]}],
+   ['sep-3', qw(-s,, 1 3), {OUT => [qw(1,,2,,3)]}],
+
+   # Exercise fast path avoidance logic.
+   # In 8.20 a step value != 1, with positive integer start and end was broken
+   ['not-fast-1', qw(1 3 1), {OUT => [qw(1)]}],
+   ['not-fast-2', qw(1 1 4.2), {OUT => [qw(1 2 3 4)]}],
+   ['not-fast-3', qw(1 1 0)],
+   # In 8.20..8.22 a start or end of -0 was broken
+   ['not-fast-4', qw(-0 10), {OUT => [qw(-0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)]}],
+   ['not-fast-5', qw(1 -0)],
+
+   # Ensure the correct parameters are passed to the fast path
+   ['fast-1', qw(4), {OUT => [qw(1 2 3 4)]}],
+   ['fast-2', qw(1 4), {OUT => [qw(1 2 3 4)]}],
+   ['fast-3', qw(1 1 4), {OUT => [qw(1 2 3 4)]}],
+   ['fast-4', qw(1 2 4), {OUT => [qw(1 3)]}],
+   ['fast-5', qw(1 4 4), {OUT => [qw(1)]}],
+   ['fast-6', qw(1 1e0 4), {OUT => [qw(1 2 3 4)]}],
+
+   # Ensure an INCREMENT of Zero is rejected.
+   ['inc-zero-1',	qw(1 0 10), {EXIT => 1}, {ERR => $err_inc_zero}],
+   ['inc-zero-2',	qw(0 -0 0), {EXIT => 1}, {ERR => $err_inc_zero},
+    {ERR_SUBST => 's/-0/0/'}],
+   ['inc-zero-3',	qw(1 0.0 10), {EXIT => 1},{ERR => $err_inc_zero},
+    {ERR_SUBST => 's/0.0/0/'}],
+   ['inc-zero-4',	qw(1 -0.0e-10 10), {EXIT => 1},{ERR => $err_inc_zero},
+    {ERR_SUBST => 's/-0\.0e-10/0/'}],
+
+   # Ensure NaN arguments rejected.
+   ['nan-first-1', qw(nan),       {EXIT => 1}, {ERR => $err_nan_arg}],
+   ['nan-first-2', qw(NaN 2),     {EXIT => 1}, {ERR => $err_nan_arg},
+    {ERR_SUBST => 's/NaN/nan/'}],
+   ['nan-first-3', qw(nan 1 2),   {EXIT => 1}, {ERR => $err_nan_arg}],
+   ['nan-first-4', qw(-- -nan),   {EXIT => 1}, {ERR => $err_nan_arg},
+    {ERR_SUBST => 's/-nan/nan/'}],
+   ['nan-inc-1',   qw(1 nan 2),   {EXIT => 1}, {ERR => $err_nan_arg}],
+   ['nan-inc-2',   qw(1 -NaN 2),  {EXIT => 1}, {ERR => $err_nan_arg},
+    {ERR_SUBST => 's/-NaN/nan/'}],
+   ['nan-last-1',  qw(1 1 nan),   {EXIT => 1}, {ERR => $err_nan_arg}],
+   ['nan-last-2',  qw(1 NaN),     {EXIT => 1}, {ERR => $err_nan_arg},
+    {ERR_SUBST => 's/NaN/nan/'}],
+   ['nan-last-3',  qw(0 -1 -NaN), {EXIT => 1}, {ERR => $err_nan_arg},
+    {ERR_SUBST => 's/-NaN/nan/'}],
+  );
+
+# Append a newline to each entry in the OUT array.
+my $t;
+foreach $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    my $e;
+    foreach $e (@$t)
+      {
+        $e->{OUT} = join ("\n", @{$e->{OUT}}) . "\n"
+          if ref $e eq 'HASH' and exists $e->{OUT};
+      }
+  }
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{SAVE_TEMPS};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/sha1sum-vec.pl b/tests/misc/sha1sum-vec.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9d2e2b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sha1sum-vec.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,534 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Sample vectors for "sha1sum".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+# The data from which these tests were derived came from here:
+# https://web.archive.org/web/20060505234703/http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval/shs/sha1-vectors.zip
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['1', {IN=> {f=> '0 1 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'DA39A3EE5E6B4B0D3255BFEF95601890AFD80709'}],
+     ['2', {IN=> {f=> '5 0 2 1 2 1 2 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'3CDF2936DA2FC556BFA533AB1EB59CE710AC80E5'}],
+     ['3', {IN=> {f=> '5 0 1 3 4 4 4 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'19C1E2048FA7393CFBF2D310AD8209EC11D996E5'}],
+     ['4', {IN=> {f=> '7 0 4 3 4 4 1 4 4 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'CA775D8C80FAA6F87FA62BECA6CA6089D63B56E5'}],
+     ['5', {IN=> {f=> '10 0 4 1 5 3 4 4 3 1 3 4 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'71AC973D0E4B50AE9E5043FF4D615381120A25A0'}],
+     ['6', {IN=> {f=> '10 0 3 1 6 5 5 1 3 6 6 4 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'A6B5B9F854CFB76701C3BDDBF374B3094EA49CBA'}],
+     ['7', {IN=> {f=> '13 1 3 2 5 3 3 3 4 6 6 1 4 6 2 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'D87A0EE74E4B9AD72E6847C87BDEEB3D07844380'}],
+     ['8', {IN=> {f=> '16 1 3 5 5 1 2 1 3 3 6 3 5 2 3 5 7 2 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'1976B8DD509FE66BF09C9A8D33534D4EF4F63BFD'}],
+     ['9', {IN=> {f=> '15 1 8 1 5 3 2 7 4 5 6 7 3 3 1 6 3 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'5A78F439B6DB845BB8A558E4CEB106CD7B7FF783'}],
+     ['10', {IN=> {f=> '15 1 4 6 8 2 1 4 2 5 1 6 8 8 6 4 7 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'F871BCE62436C1E280357416695EE2EF9B83695C'}],
+     ['11', {IN=> {f=> '18 1 1 2 7 3 8 6 7 5 4 3 4 3 5 3 3 2 6 8 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'62B243D1B780E1D31CF1BA2DE3F01C72AEEA0E47'}],
+     ['12', {IN=> {f=> '16 0 9 8 1 8 1 7 6 7 7 1 2 6 9 5 4 7 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'1698994A273404848E56E7FDA4457B5900DE1342'}],
+     ['13', {IN=> {f=> '18 0 7 1 7 3 9 4 7 7 5 2 8 1 7 8 2 7 2 9 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'056F4CDC02791DA7ED1EB2303314F7667518DEEF'}],
+     ['14', {IN=> {f=> '19 1 2 3 1 8 8 6 9 10 3 10 8 9 2 4 1 5 1 5 9 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'9FE2DA967BD8441EEA1C32DF68DDAA9DC1FC8E4B'}],
+     ['15', {IN=> {f=> '19 1 8 5 4 8 1 3 9 5 7 7 2 7 2 7 8 7 4 8 10 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'73A31777B4ACE9384EFA8BBEAD45C51A71ABA6DD'}],
+     ['16', {IN=> {f=> '20 1 1 9 7 4 1 4 5 1 10 8 6 4 4 9 9 9 8 2 9 10 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'3F9D7C4E2384EDDABFF5DD8A31E23DE3D03F42AC'}],
+     ['17', {IN=> {f=> '19 1 11 6 7 7 2 6 2 6 10 6 9 10 5 11 1 6 8 11 4 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'4814908F72B93FFD011135BEE347DE9A08DA838F'}],
+     ['18', {IN=> {f=> '22 0 10 5 10 3 7 8 9 9 1 1 1 10 2 1 5 10 2 9 9 9 7 8 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'0978374B67A412A3102C5AA0B10E1A6596FC68EB'}],
+     ['19', {IN=> {f=> '21 0 1 10 1 6 9 4 2 5 2 11 8 12 12 9 8 1 3 10 7 11 12 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'44AD6CB618BD935460D46D3F921D87B99AB91C1E'}],
+     ['20', {IN=> {f=> '24 1 3 9 5 12 3 4 2 9 12 11 6 6 1 1 9 5 9 1 4 9 4 10 8 9 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'02DC989AF265B09CF8485640842128DCF95E9F39'}],
+     ['21', {IN=> {f=> '25 1 3 2 3 11 1 12 5 6 2 7 8 4 8 8 9 9 8 4 9 1 4 8 10 9 9 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'67507B8D497B35D6E99FC01976D73F54AECA75CF'}],
+     ['22', {IN=> {f=> '23 0 11 10 7 10 10 6 10 9 4 5 10 5 8 4 1 10 12 4 6 1 8 11 6 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'1EAE0373C1317CB60C36A42A867B716039D441F5'}],
+     ['23', {IN=> {f=> '22 0 12 8 10 4 3 8 5 5 7 11 13 11 12 11 4 12 3 6 5 11 10 5 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'9C3834589E5BFFAC9F50950E0199B3EC2620BEC8'}],
+     ['24', {IN=> {f=> '26 1 10 9 6 9 7 2 10 4 4 5 5 2 12 13 5 3 1 10 1 4 7 8 13 13 12 9 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'209F7ABC7F3B878EE46CDF3A1FBB9C21C3474F32'}],
+     ['25', {IN=> {f=> '31 0 2 6 5 4 7 3 10 6 13 6 3 9 6 2 10 5 3 8 4 1 11 3 5 3 7 11 1 12 9 12 5 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'05FC054B00D97753A9B3E2DA8FBBA3EE808CEF22'}],
+     ['26', {IN=> {f=> '27 1 14 5 1 3 7 2 3 9 3 4 14 4 4 10 8 5 14 1 11 12 12 10 4 13 7 11 9 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'0C4980EA3A46C757DFBFC5BAA38AC6C8E72DDCE7'}],
+     ['27', {IN=> {f=> '30 1 4 9 5 5 8 9 5 10 4 2 4 7 9 9 6 3 5 1 8 3 2 13 3 14 9 8 9 10 14 10 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'96A460D2972D276928B69864445BEA353BDCFFD2'}],
+     ['28', {IN=> {f=> '27 0 12 9 5 8 7 2 14 12 3 8 14 6 6 4 7 5 7 10 7 11 10 1 9 6 7 12 14 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'F3EF04D8FA8C6FA9850F394A4554C080956FA64B'}],
+     ['29', {IN=> {f=> '24 0 12 9 9 2 11 13 12 11 11 6 14 13 10 5 6 8 10 4 3 11 11 14 5 14 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'F2A31D875D1D7B30874D416C4D2EA6BAF0FFBAFE'}],
+     ['30', {IN=> {f=> '24 0 15 4 5 3 8 12 15 8 14 15 9 12 12 3 10 13 6 11 10 4 13 14 8 8 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'F4942D3B9E9588DCFDC6312A84DF75D05F111C20'}],
+     ['31', {IN=> {f=> '28 1 1 8 1 5 11 4 9 12 4 13 15 5 9 11 7 14 11 1 11 7 8 8 11 1 13 15 12 13 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'310207DF35B014E4676D30806FA34424813734DD'}],
+     ['32', {IN=> {f=> '32 1 5 8 3 8 10 7 8 1 5 13 12 14 5 3 6 4 12 15 6 6 10 11 13 9 1 11 6 10 3 7 14 2 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'4DA1955B2FA7C7E74E3F47D7360CE530BBF57CA3'}],
+     ['33', {IN=> {f=> '31 0 10 3 5 1 14 11 11 16 1 2 2 11 6 13 15 12 6 5 16 2 14 2 10 12 2 5 5 6 10 13 15 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'74C4BC5B26FB4A08602D40CCEC6C6161B6C11478'}],
+     ['34', {IN=> {f=> '34 0 3 10 8 16 9 5 12 15 4 11 13 3 6 5 10 8 1 3 9 3 11 1 2 16 12 10 6 1 9 1 16 5 6 14 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'0B103CE297338DFC7395F7715EE47539B556DDB6'}],
+     ['35', {IN=> {f=> '30 1 1 12 4 4 2 15 13 15 11 15 5 11 9 7 15 16 6 16 12 3 2 10 16 5 5 7 1 7 11 16 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'EFC72D99E3D2311CE14190C0B726BDC68F4B0821'}],
+     ['36', {IN=> {f=> '34 0 7 9 11 2 5 5 5 4 13 13 14 4 7 12 6 4 8 2 9 9 13 13 3 3 6 7 16 7 6 15 5 8 15 14 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'660EDAC0A8F4CE33DA0D8DBAE597650E97687250'}],
+     ['37', {IN=> {f=> '36 1 4 6 16 15 11 14 14 4 7 10 3 4 10 3 6 7 14 4 6 6 5 2 7 8 16 2 12 16 10 14 3 2 3 7 14 3 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'FE0A55A988B3B93946A63EB36B23785A5E6EFC3E'}],
+     ['38', {IN=> {f=> '32 0 15 10 9 1 14 10 14 6 6 16 3 2 3 8 3 12 8 11 17 3 9 7 16 14 4 11 15 5 13 9 5 17 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'0CBDF2A5781C59F907513147A0DE3CC774B54BF3'}],
+     ['39', {IN=> {f=> '30 0 17 17 13 8 2 6 8 16 1 12 5 17 2 9 8 10 13 14 11 17 12 5 14 9 11 9 11 4 11 12 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'663E40FEE5A44BFCB1C99EA5935A6B5BC9F583B0'}],
+     ['40', {IN=> {f=> '30 1 16 6 10 5 8 3 17 16 14 1 15 15 15 6 13 2 11 6 13 11 13 4 6 7 11 11 12 16 13 16 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'00162134256952DD9AE6B51EFB159B35C3C138C7'}],
+     ['41', {IN=> {f=> '33 1 16 16 14 16 2 4 16 11 6 15 7 4 17 6 5 7 6 3 14 16 5 17 11 13 1 1 14 13 3 6 14 5 16 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'CEB88E4736E354416E2010FC1061B3B53B81664B'}],
+     ['42', {IN=> {f=> '39 1 2 16 13 7 8 6 2 15 1 9 12 4 4 11 13 7 2 11 9 18 4 5 4 8 2 14 9 9 1 8 13 11 15 8 5 9 10 16 7 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'A6A2C4B6BCC41DDC67278F3DF4D8D0B9DD7784EF'}],
+     ['43', {IN=> {f=> '34 0 2 7 1 1 17 13 6 11 10 8 5 12 15 6 15 10 12 4 18 1 2 8 11 12 16 10 12 18 11 16 12 11 17 6 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'C23D083CD8820B57800A869F5F261D45E02DC55D'}],
+     ['44', {IN=> {f=> '34 1 4 7 13 7 10 7 10 6 1 12 7 18 11 18 2 10 15 10 14 8 18 9 9 12 12 3 13 12 6 4 9 17 13 17 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'E8AC31927B78DDEC41A31CA7A44EB7177165E7AB'}],
+     ['45', {IN=> {f=> '40 0 5 7 3 2 1 17 14 4 16 6 13 1 13 6 6 10 1 3 18 3 11 7 9 5 7 11 17 1 9 16 5 15 10 17 3 8 15 17 8 12 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'E864EC5DBAB0F9FF6984AB6AD43A8C9B81CC9F9C'}],
+     ['46', {IN=> {f=> '40 0 11 3 15 17 11 1 1 4 3 14 18 4 2 18 8 15 6 4 6 3 15 11 16 10 17 17 9 6 3 2 6 16 4 9 12 6 8 1 11 17 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'CFED6269069417A84D6DE2347220F4B858BCD530'}],
+     ['47', {IN=> {f=> '37 1 2 19 12 8 16 14 2 9 16 2 6 6 7 9 10 9 11 9 14 11 15 5 16 9 2 17 2 8 15 8 4 3 14 14 16 16 12 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'D9217BFB46C96348722C3783D29D4B1A3FEDA38C'}],
+     ['48', {IN=> {f=> '37 1 11 10 16 12 11 7 14 14 14 6 10 10 1 6 13 19 5 6 4 7 12 12 10 5 10 15 15 8 5 13 17 13 5 6 14 1 19 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'DEC24E5554F79697218D317315FA986229CE3350'}],
+     ['49', {IN=> {f=> '38 1 2 6 5 17 9 11 18 18 8 6 13 15 3 3 15 5 13 18 3 2 5 5 14 7 13 4 17 7 2 17 3 18 15 7 15 16 18 11 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'83A099DF7071437BA5495A5B0BFBFEFE1C0EF7F3'}],
+     ['50', {IN=> {f=> '38 1 12 8 6 3 17 12 13 19 15 9 7 17 16 15 3 11 11 5 2 13 19 16 2 4 16 7 8 1 2 9 17 12 3 5 18 19 11 9 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'AA3198E30891A83E33CE3BFA0587D86A197D4F80'}],
+     ['51', {IN=> {f=> '39 1 14 16 14 8 9 16 5 1 6 3 17 18 16 9 1 15 9 10 9 19 1 3 3 20 11 13 17 1 19 8 3 4 3 7 1 14 19 19 19 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'9B6ACBEB4989CBEE7015C7D515A75672FFDE3442'}],
+     ['52', {IN=> {f=> '37 1 18 13 11 5 18 4 19 10 6 19 11 17 10 10 7 9 13 16 9 10 18 4 12 5 16 5 20 12 3 8 10 1 18 1 6 20 14 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'B021EB08A436B02658EAA7BA3C88D49F1219C035'}],
+     ['53', {IN=> {f=> '36 0 8 9 6 12 11 7 7 3 17 13 6 20 17 9 20 16 10 12 17 8 11 8 11 10 5 10 14 18 8 19 9 12 12 2 20 19 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'CAE36DAB8AEA29F62E0855D9CB3CD8E7D39094B1'}],
+     ['54', {IN=> {f=> '39 0 12 16 20 3 9 9 19 17 13 13 4 17 2 11 7 14 3 6 16 13 10 13 5 16 10 2 8 2 17 19 4 17 7 19 6 9 15 15 6 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'02DE8BA699F3C1B0CB5AD89A01F2346E630459D7'}],
+     ['55', {IN=> {f=> '43 0 7 2 18 5 7 18 5 2 15 7 11 10 9 3 2 14 19 3 11 8 18 15 5 3 5 12 15 16 10 17 7 19 16 2 1 16 6 3 19 12 5 18 16 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'88021458847DD39B4495368F7254941859FAD44B'}],
+     ['56', {IN=> {f=> '49 1 9 11 2 1 12 11 14 12 14 10 4 11 6 8 16 7 5 11 20 8 17 4 14 4 15 3 2 2 4 3 2 3 14 15 10 2 12 7 3 7 20 20 19 10 2 3 1 10 20 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'91A165295C666FE85C2ADBC5A10329DAF0CB81A0'}],
+     ['57', {IN=> {f=> '36 0 19 20 12 5 19 21 5 21 11 14 19 1 17 8 9 4 19 3 17 1 14 21 14 7 6 5 20 14 21 20 4 6 21 7 11 12 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'4B31312EAF8B506811151A9DBD162961F7548C4B'}],
+     ['58', {IN=> {f=> '41 0 12 9 11 6 16 18 18 10 11 20 6 12 11 5 7 21 19 18 6 15 21 10 4 14 9 19 10 3 3 5 13 1 8 12 3 13 9 7 10 17 14 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'3FE70971B20558F7E9BAC303ED2BC14BDE659A62'}],
+     ['59', {IN=> {f=> '45 0 10 6 8 3 17 18 3 21 19 6 17 15 4 9 15 9 15 14 4 7 14 8 10 13 4 11 10 7 6 21 1 14 5 11 7 7 2 13 13 3 9 13 8 14 20 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'93FB769D5BF49D6C563685954E2AECC024DC02D6'}],
+     ['60', {IN=> {f=> '39 1 3 7 18 4 9 9 5 15 13 17 10 15 16 20 8 19 9 10 9 1 19 14 21 2 18 13 10 4 18 16 4 21 15 10 18 19 3 12 18 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'BC8827C3E614D515E83DEA503989DEA4FDA6EA13'}],
+     ['61', {IN=> {f=> '41 0 14 4 13 11 1 11 1 10 2 12 4 21 10 21 18 9 2 16 7 20 6 7 12 19 20 1 13 12 10 8 21 15 7 19 13 6 8 19 20 18 19 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'E83868DBE4A389AB48E61CFC4ED894F32AE112AC'}],
+     ['62', {IN=> {f=> '37 0 11 18 1 17 14 15 20 16 20 8 2 17 10 4 21 5 19 19 14 22 21 18 13 14 1 3 12 11 11 4 22 13 5 18 7 21 21 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'55C95459CDE4B33791B4B2BCAAF840930AF3F3BD'}],
+     ['63', {IN=> {f=> '48 0 9 22 19 12 8 16 5 17 5 9 1 2 9 6 12 6 1 7 4 3 15 1 14 1 12 3 10 2 10 14 21 13 17 6 6 17 1 21 2 14 16 17 9 11 20 21 11 18 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'36BB0E2BA438A3E03214D9ED2B28A4D5C578FCAA'}],
+     ['64', {IN=> {f=> '50 1 12 8 20 13 2 9 20 9 14 10 1 16 2 22 6 4 16 14 15 1 12 4 14 9 21 3 3 9 8 21 15 14 8 4 14 4 2 3 8 12 8 6 1 2 18 20 15 3 19 10 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'3ACBF874199763EBA20F3789DFC59572ACA4CF33'}],
+     ['65', {IN=> {f=> '44 0 10 20 14 6 3 4 21 1 12 4 18 2 6 7 6 9 20 14 10 10 19 17 21 12 15 17 7 10 11 8 10 12 1 19 19 9 18 21 4 18 11 9 22 5 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'86BE037C4D509C9202020767D860DAB039CADACE'}],
+     ['66', {IN=> {f=> '47 0 15 8 15 3 5 6 2 19 12 17 4 20 8 11 20 2 18 4 16 20 12 9 9 6 16 21 16 3 16 18 3 19 5 16 2 4 2 12 11 15 11 14 17 2 10 18 8 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'51B57D7080A87394EEC3EB2E0B242E553F2827C9'}],
+     ['67', {IN=> {f=> '48 1 5 13 3 21 5 3 6 18 18 10 1 21 21 7 1 13 12 19 1 14 6 8 21 19 21 11 19 13 2 13 4 1 10 22 16 4 9 4 10 16 3 7 15 11 9 13 17 12 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'1EFBFA78866315CE6A71E457F3A750A38FACAB41'}],
+     ['68', {IN=> {f=> '45 0 14 7 6 2 20 3 6 19 19 10 2 22 12 17 12 1 20 7 7 15 20 6 18 8 3 14 23 18 15 4 7 5 23 15 7 14 10 10 19 17 2 4 15 17 21 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'57D6CB41AEEC20236F365B3A490C61D0CFA39611'}],
+     ['69', {IN=> {f=> '45 1 15 11 8 9 17 5 12 18 14 6 20 17 21 12 16 9 22 9 20 15 2 22 11 2 6 11 9 8 2 4 14 19 3 21 21 23 8 2 11 4 8 4 20 22 11 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'C532CB64B4BA826372BCCF2B4B5793D5B88BB715'}],
+     ['70', {IN=> {f=> '38 0 21 18 22 10 19 9 14 17 23 21 10 7 15 13 16 5 4 10 13 14 20 23 12 20 23 18 10 12 8 21 11 6 12 7 19 14 18 17 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'15833B5631032663E783686A209C6A2B47A1080E'}],
+     ['71', {IN=> {f=> '40 0 18 22 6 9 22 5 23 13 6 8 23 20 22 5 22 15 19 20 9 9 1 13 13 10 14 13 5 22 14 21 9 21 19 14 14 4 18 13 12 14 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'D04F2043C96E10CD83B574B1E1C217052CD4A6B2'}],
+     ['72', {IN=> {f=> '48 1 7 3 15 5 17 14 23 14 5 17 22 11 1 8 13 23 6 21 3 6 11 7 23 8 6 21 4 4 22 19 13 8 5 19 7 5 23 1 4 19 11 23 11 21 14 1 3 21 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'E8882627C64DB743F7DB8B4413DD033FC63BEB20'}],
+     ['73', {IN=> {f=> '43 0 22 14 11 7 18 16 17 24 12 12 3 13 19 16 22 4 16 4 6 23 8 18 11 2 3 20 22 9 21 8 23 1 23 20 7 16 13 23 4 13 3 7 22 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'CD2D32286B8867BC124A0AF2236FC74BE3622199'}],
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+     ['224', {IN=> {f=> '665 0 15 28 247 125 167 135 199 158 106 10 115 65 170 220 63 281 275 231 107 80 57 137 101 36 306 110 78 116 209 45 36 232 177 22 129 68 168 279 74 286 275 218 174 24 131 57 224 218 148 158 19 144 3 213 261 215 176 26 59 52 224 292 20 214 6 285 192 282 46 106 235 249 14 257 311 309 82 271 15 301 136 269 100 178 253 182 308 311 84 260 71 240 210 202 156 104 21 59 126 96 36 7 43 134 42 38 234 166 78 129 142 101 23 61 54 152 287 20 288 190 29 118 111 235 236 81 201 73 229 205 202 230 37 77 46 206 285 105 165 307 254 14 244 66 253 156 191 199 171 39 5 41 206 47 38 221 233 22 203 1 224 205 215 102 93 3 126 83 103 263 56 54 165 220 76 214 19 157 248 269 187 295 53 95 217 4 283 203 287 107 93 302 193 27 116 122 240 236 7 268 17 242 125 13 100 191 125 238 295 79 273 17 229 192 269 174 50 309 169 137 127 153 45 23 48 121 96 49 252 99 121 183 166 52 12 30 188 53 307 167 148 132 214 32 90 304 195 16 172 122 253 169 63 255 97 119 194 171 52 250 97 132 127 227 290 79 286 262 285 118 37 51 180 94 60 196 99 47 250 110 65 183 153 119 268 43 108 237 238 9 257 12 242 138 258 156 117 266 115 52 237 164 76 201 86 101 261 128 310 226 207 143 158 32 77 59 139 29 31 245 123 11 172 135 186 225 50 23 286 249 40 62 111 222 303 25 275 244 40 136 44 278 290 105 91 62 198 27 103 250 184 310 239 79 199 84 173 266 128 297 293 151 217 17 216 259 213 187 282 120 39 291 236 94 134 129 155 34 18 299 195 29 105 178 179 310 252 12 255 71 2 82 258 143 245 210 189 284 48 95 291 249 27 190 55 296 223 148 145 86 88 16 72 72 85 18 74 141 18 87 245 197 256 228 122 266 102 119 181 238 308 12 17 4 58 69 26 20 2 56 80 31 20 301 123 24 44 191 112 54 239 153 132 140 99 34 5 54 139 42 276 301 110 152 49 265 32 177 109 307 180 81 188 140 173 279 61 41 219 231 94 147 1 211 272 159 176 264 187 57 237 151 204 145 160 21 72 59 152 274 87 232 264 200 241 293 77 284 22 229 179 24 118 124 168 292 7 30 262 298 51 93 289 9 283 190 42 51 167 222 4 270 19 231 120 13 113 124 181 225 63 268 30 175 181 251 241 68 255 84 186 138 184 223 61 28 35 175 107 6 185 81 114 207 117 41 293 164 150 73 142 88 90 5 128 11 98 263 130 299 221 146 217 91 88 3 139 16 159 189 197 243 295 66 28 273 303 51 80 44 265 45 49 165 233 9 270 257 298 64 26 33 247 112 67 111 209 58 281 288 164 163 6 198 14 170 194 197 169 50 10 41 193 114 294 234 92 145 73 155 21 146 243 208 200 228 48 21 46 193 40 49 178 166 65 196 86 175 194 184 297 306 23 273 206 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'B738D6B3409EB9ED2F1719B84D13F7C36169CDEC'}],
+     ['225', {IN=> {f=> '641 0 296 134 25 31 230 177 7 183 66 238 151 130 210 100 34 302 178 79 114 192 112 292 304 93 202 56 279 273 159 159 19 127 68 153 274 72 297 206 270 157 104 4 126 66 168 205 128 225 31 90 230 262 268 242 36 62 39 274 301 36 147 300 278 216 229 35 75 55 207 28 88 230 247 267 185 51 307 95 202 71 225 275 144 228 18 144 298 278 201 228 33 145 300 263 270 172 105 6 111 135 112 277 44 36 217 301 21 201 298 34 147 285 18 214 244 280 131 38 291 162 161 74 142 14 155 259 141 241 278 131 282 31 160 231 5 198 311 294 134 269 85 173 192 252 239 49 8 26 258 54 50 150 272 72 227 260 213 172 35 60 109 150 43 19 286 175 92 60 124 151 45 263 41 119 109 290 304 23 201 54 294 149 215 87 158 2 196 311 224 133 267 100 104 248 180 9 183 136 184 208 115 279 44 106 163 303 265 270 242 51 8 96 204 56 294 219 216 89 143 71 140 14 85 313 139 256 154 187 210 115 35 304 108 148 58 209 28 103 176 249 252 309 309 10 11 13 312 67 11 83 258 69 310 152 202 141 171 277 129 297 276 216 159 89 73 70 83 29 16 67 81 29 1 54 65 96 274 2 37 204 285 33 160 246 265 255 296 49 78 27 260 39 119 94 289 247 38 132 55 222 288 90 215 2 211 257 226 118 22 44 176 164 305 250 25 186 123 238 221 131 212 30 158 246 195 254 239 64 9 28 243 123 308 167 133 197 154 102 4 111 65 166 220 59 281 273 229 105 76 57 137 97 32 302 108 78 112 207 43 34 232 177 22 129 68 168 275 74 282 275 214 174 20 129 53 222 218 144 158 17 142 313 209 257 211 172 20 59 52 220 288 20 214 281 188 282 46 106 233 249 8 255 311 309 80 271 15 297 136 269 100 174 249 182 308 307 80 256 69 240 206 200 156 102 19 57 122 96 30 3 39 134 40 32 232 162 76 127 138 99 17 57 52 150 287 18 284 190 23 116 107 235 234 77 199 69 225 205 198 226 33 75 40 206 285 103 161 303 250 10 240 66 253 152 187 195 169 33 5 39 204 41 34 217 231 20 199 313 224 203 213 102 89 3 124 81 99 261 56 50 165 218 74 212 15 157 244 265 185 295 47 93 217 2 281 203 283 103 91 302 193 25 116 122 236 236 7 268 13 242 121 9 98 189 125 238 291 77 269 15 227 190 267 170 50 305 165 133 127 153 45 19 42 121 94 45 248 95 117 179 166 46 6 26 188 53 307 165 148 128 210 30 88 300 193 10 170 120 251 167 63 251 97 117 194 167 48 250 95 132 125 223 290 75 284 260 283 118 37 45 178 94 60 194 97 47 248 110 63 181 151 115 264 43 104 233 234 7 253 12 240 136 254 154 117 264 113 50 235 164 76 197 84 101 261 126 310 222 203 143 276 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'3D33DE31F64055D3B128AC9A6AA3F92DFD4F5330'}],
+     ['226', {IN=> {f=> '656 0 32 69 51 135 25 31 245 123 7 164 135 178 221 42 19 286 241 36 62 107 218 303 17 267 244 32 128 36 274 282 105 91 54 190 27 99 242 176 306 235 79 199 84 169 258 128 293 289 143 213 17 208 259 209 187 278 112 35 287 228 90 126 121 151 26 18 299 187 21 97 174 179 302 252 8 255 63 306 82 254 135 237 206 181 276 44 87 283 245 19 182 51 288 215 144 141 86 84 16 68 64 81 10 66 312 133 6 83 241 189 252 220 114 266 94 119 177 234 304 4 5 308 46 61 26 8 314 48 80 23 12 297 119 24 44 191 108 42 231 145 128 140 99 30 1 54 131 42 276 301 102 144 37 261 20 169 105 303 180 77 180 136 165 275 57 33 219 231 86 143 1 207 272 155 172 264 179 45 237 147 196 137 152 13 72 47 152 270 87 224 260 196 241 293 77 284 10 229 171 20 110 120 164 288 3 18 254 298 47 93 285 313 283 186 34 43 159 214 4 262 7 223 120 1 113 116 181 217 59 264 26 171 173 251 233 60 251 80 186 138 184 223 61 16 23 175 107 6 177 81 114 207 109 29 285 160 142 73 138 80 82 313 120 11 98 255 122 291 221 146 209 83 88 315 139 8 151 189 193 235 291 58 20 273 295 51 76 40 257 37 49 161 233 1 266 257 294 64 22 25 243 104 59 111 201 58 277 288 156 159 2 194 10 170 186 197 169 46 2 41 185 106 290 234 92 145 69 155 9 138 243 208 200 224 48 21 38 189 40 45 178 162 57 196 78 167 190 180 289 306 23 269 312 296 132 19 29 226 175 3 181 64 234 151 130 208 96 34 300 174 75 112 188 112 292 302 89 198 52 275 269 159 155 19 123 66 149 274 70 295 204 266 153 104 126 62 166 203 126 225 25 90 230 262 264 238 30 60 39 270 299 34 147 300 278 216 225 35 75 53 203 22 84 228 243 267 185 47 305 95 200 71 223 273 142 226 12 144 294 276 197 228 31 141 298 259 268 172 101 4 109 133 110 273 38 36 215 297 15 199 296 28 145 281 14 212 242 280 131 32 291 162 161 70 142 14 153 257 141 239 274 129 280 27 158 227 315 198 309 290 130 267 81 173 192 248 237 43 6 24 256 50 44 146 268 68 227 256 213 170 33 56 105 150 39 13 284 173 88 58 124 147 43 263 39 117 109 286 300 21 201 48 292 149 215 85 156 312 192 307 222 133 263 98 102 248 178 9 183 132 182 204 113 279 40 104 163 301 265 270 240 49 8 92 204 54 294 217 212 89 139 67 136 12 85 309 137 256 154 185 210 115 31 304 108 146 56 209 24 103 176 247 250 305 307 10 7 11 310 65 9 79 258 69 308 150 202 139 171 277 125 297 272 214 157 87 71 70 83 29 14 67 77 27 311 52 63 94 272 2 31 200 283 33 160 246 263 251 292 45 74 21 260 33 115 90 289 247 38 130 55 222 286 88 211 227 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'B6925F4DF94949B8844C867428BA3DEDF4CF2B51'}],
+     ['227', {IN=> {f=> '668 0 211 254 226 115 16 41 170 158 305 247 25 183 117 235 218 125 212 30 152 243 195 254 239 61 28 237 120 302 167 130 194 148 96 312 105 65 160 220 53 281 270 226 102 70 57 137 91 26 296 105 78 106 204 40 31 232 177 22 129 68 168 269 74 276 275 208 174 14 126 47 219 218 138 158 14 139 310 203 251 205 166 11 59 52 214 282 20 214 308 275 182 282 46 106 230 249 316 252 311 309 77 271 15 291 136 269 100 168 243 182 308 301 74 250 66 240 200 197 156 99 16 54 116 96 21 314 33 134 37 23 229 156 73 124 132 96 8 51 49 147 287 15 278 190 14 113 101 235 231 71 196 63 219 205 192 220 27 72 31 206 285 100 155 297 244 4 234 66 253 146 181 189 166 24 5 36 201 32 28 211 228 17 193 313 224 200 210 102 83 3 121 78 93 258 56 44 165 215 71 209 9 157 238 259 182 295 38 90 217 316 278 203 277 97 88 302 193 22 116 122 230 236 7 268 7 242 115 3 95 186 125 238 285 74 263 12 224 187 264 164 50 299 159 127 127 153 45 13 33 121 91 39 242 89 111 173 166 37 314 20 188 53 307 162 148 122 204 27 85 294 190 1 167 117 248 164 63 245 97 114 194 161 42 250 92 132 122 217 290 69 281 257 280 118 37 36 175 94 60 191 94 47 245 110 60 178 148 109 258 43 98 227 228 4 247 12 237 133 248 151 117 261 110 47 232 164 76 191 81 101 261 123 310 216 197 143 153 32 67 49 134 24 31 245 123 6 162 135 176 220 40 18 286 239 35 62 106 217 303 15 265 244 30 126 34 273 280 105 91 52 188 27 98 240 174 305 234 79 199 84 168 256 128 292 288 141 212 17 206 259 208 187 277 110 34 286 226 89 124 119 150 24 18 299 185 19 95 173 179 300 252 7 255 61 304 82 253 133 235 205 179 274 43 85 281 244 17 180 50 286 213 143 140 86 83 16 67 62 80 8 64 312 131 3 82 240 187 251 218 112 266 92 119 176 233 303 2 2 306 43 59 26 5 314 46 80 21 10 296 118 24 44 191 107 39 229 143 127 140 99 29 54 129 42 276 301 100 142 34 260 17 167 104 302 180 76 178 135 163 274 56 31 219 231 84 142 1 206 272 154 171 264 177 42 237 146 194 135 150 11 72 44 152 269 87 222 259 195 241 293 77 284 7 229 169 19 108 119 163 287 2 15 252 298 46 93 284 311 283 185 32 41 157 212 4 260 4 221 120 315 113 114 181 215 58 263 25 170 171 251 231 58 250 79 186 138 184 223 61 13 20 175 107 6 175 81 114 207 107 26 283 159 140 73 137 78 80 312 118 11 98 253 120 289 221 146 207 81 88 315 139 6 149 189 192 233 290 56 18 273 293 51 75 39 255 35 49 160 233 316 265 257 293 64 21 23 242 102 57 111 199 58 276 288 154 158 1 193 9 170 184 197 169 45 41 183 104 289 234 92 145 68 155 6 136 243 208 203 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'CF5E7256292ABEC431D8E8B9CBEAF22AF072377E'}],
+     ['228', {IN=> {f=> '656 0 221 48 21 32 186 40 42 178 159 51 196 72 161 187 177 283 306 23 266 309 296 129 10 26 220 172 316 178 61 228 151 130 205 90 34 297 168 69 109 182 112 292 299 83 192 46 269 263 159 149 19 117 63 143 274 67 292 201 260 147 104 313 126 56 163 200 123 225 16 90 230 262 258 232 21 57 39 264 296 31 147 300 278 216 219 35 75 50 197 13 78 225 237 267 185 41 302 95 197 71 220 270 139 223 3 144 288 273 191 228 28 135 295 253 265 172 95 1 106 130 107 267 29 36 212 291 6 196 293 19 142 275 8 209 239 280 131 23 291 162 161 64 142 14 150 254 141 236 268 126 277 21 155 221 309 198 306 284 124 264 75 173 192 242 234 34 3 21 253 44 35 140 262 62 227 250 213 167 30 50 99 150 33 4 281 170 82 55 124 141 40 263 36 114 109 280 294 18 201 39 289 149 215 82 153 306 186 301 219 133 257 95 99 248 175 9 183 126 179 198 110 279 34 101 163 298 265 270 237 46 8 86 204 51 294 214 206 89 133 61 130 9 85 303 134 256 154 182 210 115 25 304 108 143 53 209 18 103 176 244 247 299 304 10 1 8 307 62 6 73 258 69 305 147 202 136 171 277 119 297 266 211 154 84 68 70 83 29 11 67 71 24 305 49 60 91 269 2 22 194 280 33 160 246 260 245 286 39 68 12 260 24 109 84 289 247 38 127 55 222 283 85 205 311 211 252 226 113 12 39 166 154 305 245 25 181 113 233 216 121 212 30 148 241 195 254 239 59 313 28 233 118 298 167 128 192 144 92 308 101 65 156 220 49 281 268 224 100 66 57 137 87 22 292 103 78 102 202 38 29 232 177 22 129 68 168 265 74 272 275 204 174 10 124 43 217 218 134 158 12 137 308 199 247 201 162 5 59 52 210 278 20 214 304 271 178 282 46 106 228 249 312 250 311 309 75 271 15 287 136 269 100 164 239 182 308 297 70 246 64 240 196 195 156 97 14 52 112 96 15 312 29 134 35 17 227 152 71 122 128 94 2 47 47 145 287 13 274 190 8 111 97 235 229 67 194 59 215 205 188 216 23 70 25 206 285 98 151 293 240 230 66 253 142 177 185 164 18 5 34 199 26 24 207 226 15 189 313 224 198 208 102 79 3 119 76 89 256 56 40 165 213 69 207 5 157 234 255 180 295 32 88 217 316 276 203 273 93 86 302 193 20 116 122 226 236 7 268 3 242 111 318 93 184 125 238 281 72 259 10 222 185 262 160 50 295 155 123 127 153 45 9 27 121 89 35 238 85 107 169 166 31 310 16 188 53 307 160 148 118 200 25 83 290 188 314 165 115 246 162 63 241 97 112 194 157 38 250 90 132 120 213 290 65 279 255 278 118 37 30 173 94 60 189 92 47 243 110 58 176 146 105 254 43 94 223 224 2 243 12 235 131 244 149 117 259 108 45 230 164 76 187 79 101 261 109 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'975DCE94902923977F129C0E4ACF40AD28DDB9AA'}],
+     ['229', {IN=> {f=> '656 0 310 208 189 143 149 32 59 41 130 20 31 245 123 2 154 135 168 216 32 14 286 231 31 62 102 213 303 7 257 244 22 118 26 269 272 105 91 44 180 27 94 232 166 301 230 79 199 84 164 248 128 288 284 133 208 17 198 259 204 187 273 102 30 282 218 85 116 111 146 16 18 299 177 11 87 169 179 292 252 3 255 53 296 82 249 125 227 201 171 266 39 77 273 240 9 172 46 278 205 139 136 86 79 16 63 54 76 56 312 123 312 78 236 179 247 210 104 266 84 119 172 229 299 315 311 298 31 51 26 314 314 38 80 13 2 292 114 24 44 191 103 27 221 135 123 140 99 25 317 54 121 42 276 301 92 134 22 256 5 159 100 298 180 72 170 131 155 270 52 23 219 231 76 138 1 202 272 150 167 264 169 30 237 142 186 127 142 3 72 32 152 265 87 214 255 191 241 293 77 284 316 229 161 15 100 115 159 283 319 3 244 298 42 93 280 303 283 181 24 33 149 204 4 252 313 213 120 307 113 106 181 207 54 259 21 166 163 251 223 50 246 75 186 138 184 223 61 1 8 175 107 6 167 81 114 207 99 14 275 155 132 73 133 70 72 308 110 11 98 245 112 281 221 146 199 73 88 315 139 319 141 189 188 225 286 48 10 273 285 51 71 35 247 27 49 156 233 312 261 257 289 64 17 15 238 94 49 111 191 58 272 288 146 154 318 189 5 170 176 197 169 41 313 41 175 96 285 234 92 145 64 155 315 128 243 208 200 219 48 21 28 184 40 40 178 157 47 196 68 157 185 175 279 306 23 264 307 296 127 4 24 216 170 314 176 59 224 151 130 203 86 34 295 164 65 107 178 112 292 297 79 188 42 265 259 159 145 19 113 61 139 274 65 290 199 256 143 104 311 126 52 161 198 121 225 10 90 230 262 254 228 15 55 39 260 294 29 147 300 278 216 215 35 75 48 193 7 74 223 233 267 185 37 300 95 195 71 218 268 137 221 318 144 284 271 187 228 26 131 293 249 263 172 91 320 104 128 105 263 23 36 210 287 194 291 13 140 271 4 207 237 280 131 17 291 162 161 60 142 14 148 252 141 234 264 124 275 17 153 217 305 198 304 280 120 262 71 173 192 238 232 28 1 19 251 40 29 136 258 58 227 246 213 165 28 46 95 150 29 319 279 168 78 53 124 137 38 263 34 112 109 276 290 16 201 33 287 149 215 80 151 302 182 297 217 133 253 93 97 248 173 9 183 122 177 194 108 279 30 99 163 296 265 270 235 44 8 82 204 49 294 212 202 89 129 57 126 7 85 299 132 256 154 180 210 115 21 304 108 141 51 209 14 103 176 242 245 295 302 10 318 6 305 60 4 69 258 69 303 145 202 134 171 277 115 297 262 209 152 82 66 70 83 29 9 67 67 22 301 47 58 89 267 2 16 190 278 33 160 246 258 241 282 35 64 6 260 18 105 80 289 247 38 125 55 292 ^'}},
+     {OUT=>'333B0259B18CE64D6B52CF563DD3041E5F63A516'}],
+    );
+
+sub binary_expand ($$)
+{
+  my ($test_name, $line) = @_;
+  my ($n, $b, $rest) = split ' ', $line, 3;
+  defined $n && defined $b or die "$test_name: too few args\n";
+  my @a = split ' ', $rest, $n + 1;
+  my $caret = pop @a;
+  $caret eq '^' or die "test $test_name: @a missing '^'\n";
+  $b eq '1' || $b eq '0' or die "test $test_name: bad 'b'=$b\n";
+  my $n_bad = @a;
+  @a == $n or
+    die "test $test_name: wrong number of args (expected $n, found $n_bad)\n";
+  my $bit_string = '';
+  foreach my $a (@a)
+    {
+      $bit_string .= $b x $a;
+      $b = 1 - $b;
+    }
+  my $t = pack ("B*", $bit_string);
+  # print "$bit_string\n $t\n";
+  return $t;
+}
+
+my $t;
+foreach $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    # Expand each input.
+    my $in = $t->[1]->{IN};
+    $in->{f} = binary_expand $t->[0], $in->{f};
+
+    # Convert each expected output string to lower case, and append "  f\n".
+    my $h = $t->[2];
+    $h->{OUT} = lc $h->{OUT} . "  f\n";
+
+    # Insert the '--text' argument for each test.
+    splice @$t, 1, 0, '--text';
+  }
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $prog = 'sha1sum';
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/sha1sum.pl b/tests/misc/sha1sum.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9fe9483
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sha1sum.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test "sha1sum".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+my $prog = 'sha1sum';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $sha_degenerate = "da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709";
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['s1', {IN=> {f=> ''}},
+                        {OUT=>"$sha_degenerate  f\n"}],
+     ['s2', {IN=> {f=> 'a'}},
+                        {OUT=>"86f7e437faa5a7fce15d1ddcb9eaeaea377667b8  f\n"}],
+     ['s3', {IN=> {f=> 'abc'}},
+                        {OUT=>"a9993e364706816aba3e25717850c26c9cd0d89d  f\n"}],
+     ['s4',
+      {IN=> {f=> 'abcdbcdecdefdefgefghfghighijhijkijkljklmklmnlmnomnopnopq'}},
+                        {OUT=>"84983e441c3bd26ebaae4aa1f95129e5e54670f1  f\n"}],
+     ['s5', {IN=> {f=> 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'}},
+                        {OUT=>"32d10c7b8cf96570ca04ce37f2a19d84240d3a89  f\n"}],
+     ['s6', {IN=> {f=> join ('', 'A'..'Z', 'a'..'z', '0'..'9')}},
+                        {OUT=>"761c457bf73b14d27e9e9265c46f4b4dda11f940  f\n"}],
+     ['s7', {IN=> {f=> '1234567890' x 8}},
+                        {OUT=>"50abf5706a150990a08b2c5ea40fa0e585554732  f\n"}],
+     ['million-a', {IN=> {f=> 'a' x 1000000}},
+                        {OUT=>"34aa973cd4c4daa4f61eeb2bdbad27316534016f  f\n"}],
+     ['bs-sha-1', {IN=> {".\nfoo"=> ''}},
+                        {OUT=>"\\$sha_degenerate  .\\nfoo\n"}],
+     ['bs-sha-2', {IN=> {".\\foo"=> ''}},
+                        {OUT=>"\\$sha_degenerate  .\\\\foo\n"}],
+     ['bs-sha-3', {IN=> {".\rfoo"=> ''}},
+                        {OUT=>"\\$sha_degenerate  .\\rfoo\n"}],
+     # The sha1sum and md5sum drivers share a lot of code.
+     # Ensure that sha1sum does *not* share the part that makes
+     # md5sum accept BSD format.
+     ['check-bsd', '--check', {IN=> {'f.md5' => "MD5 (f) = $sha_degenerate\n"}},
+                        {AUX=> {f=> ''}},
+                        {ERR=>"sha1sum: f.md5: no properly formatted "
+                          . "checksum lines found\n"},
+                        {EXIT=> 1}],
+     ['check-bsd2', '--check',
+                        {IN=> {'f.sha1' => "SHA1 (f) = $sha_degenerate\n"}},
+                        {AUX=> {f=> ''}}, {OUT=>"f: OK\n"}],
+     ['check-bsd3', '--check', '--status',
+                        {IN=> {'f.sha1' => "SHA1 (f) = $sha_degenerate\n"}},
+                        {AUX=> {f=> 'bar'}}, {EXIT=> 1}],
+     ['check-openssl', '--check',
+                        {IN=> {'f.md5' => "MD5(f)= $sha_degenerate\n"}},
+                        {AUX=> {f=> ''}},
+                        {ERR=>"sha1sum: f.md5: no properly formatted "
+                          . "checksum lines found\n"},
+                        {EXIT=> 1}],
+     ['check-openssl2', '--check',
+                        {IN=> {'f.sha1' => "SHA1(f)= $sha_degenerate\n"}},
+                        {AUX=> {f=> ''}}, {OUT=>"f: OK\n"}],
+     ['check-openssl3', '--check', '--status',
+                        {IN=> {'f.sha1' => "SHA1(f)= $sha_degenerate\n"}},
+                        {AUX=> {f=> 'bar'}}, {EXIT=> 1}],
+     ['bsd-segv', '--check', {IN=> {'z' => "SHA1 ("}}, {EXIT=> 1},
+      {ERR=> "$prog: z: no properly formatted checksum lines found\n"}],
+    );
+
+# Insert the '--text' argument for each test.
+my $t;
+foreach $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    splice @$t, 1, 0, '--text' unless @$t[1] =~ /--check/;
+  }
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($prog, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/sha224sum.pl b/tests/misc/sha224sum.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..aba0535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sha224sum.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test "sha224sum".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['s3', {IN=> {f=> 'abc'}},
+      {OUT=>"23097d223405d8228642a477bda255b32aadbce4bda0b3f7e36c9da7  f\n"}],
+     ['s4',
+      {IN=> {f=> 'abcdbcdecdefdefgefghfghighijhijkijkljklmklmnlmnomnopnopq'}},
+      {OUT=>"75388b16512776cc5dba5da1fd890150b0c6455cb4f58b1952522525  f\n"}],
+     ['s8', {IN=> {f=> 'a' x 1000000}},
+      {OUT=>"20794655980c91d8bbb4c1ea97618a4bf03f42581948b2ee4ee7ad67  f\n"}],
+    );
+
+# Insert the '--text' argument for each test.
+my $t;
+foreach $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    splice @$t, 1, 0, '--text' unless @$t[1] =~ /--check/;
+  }
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $prog = 'sha224sum';
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/sha256sum.pl b/tests/misc/sha256sum.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ec69915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sha256sum.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test "sha256sum".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $sha_degenerate = "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855";
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['s1', {IN=> {f=> ''}},
+                        {OUT=>"$sha_degenerate  f\n"}],
+     ['s2', {IN=> {f=> 'a'}},
+                        {OUT=>"ca978112ca1bbdcafac231b39a23dc4da786eff8147c4e72b9807785afee48bb  f\n"}],
+     ['s3', {IN=> {f=> 'abc'}},
+                        {OUT=>"ba7816bf8f01cfea414140de5dae2223b00361a396177a9cb410ff61f20015ad  f\n"}],
+     ['s4',
+      {IN=> {f=> 'abcdbcdecdefdefgefghfghighijhijkijkljklmklmnlmnomnopnopq'}},
+                        {OUT=>"248d6a61d20638b8e5c026930c3e6039a33ce45964ff2167f6ecedd419db06c1  f\n"}],
+     ['s8', {IN=> {f=> 'a' x 1000000}},
+                        {OUT=>"cdc76e5c9914fb9281a1c7e284d73e67f1809a48a497200e046d39ccc7112cd0  f\n"}],
+    );
+
+# Insert the '--text' argument for each test.
+my $t;
+foreach $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    splice @$t, 1, 0, '--text' unless @$t[1] =~ /--check/;
+  }
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $prog = 'sha256sum';
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/sha384sum.pl b/tests/misc/sha384sum.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3614a02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sha384sum.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test "sha384sum".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $sha_degenerate = "38b060a751ac96384cd9327eb1b1e36a21fdb71114be07434c0cc7bf63f6e1da274edebfe76f65fbd51ad2f14898b95b";
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['s1', {IN=> {f=> ''}},
+                        {OUT=>"$sha_degenerate  f\n"}],
+     ['s2', {IN=> {f=> 'a'}},
+                        {OUT=>"54a59b9f22b0b80880d8427e548b7c23abd873486e1f035dce9cd697e85175033caa88e6d57bc35efae0b5afd3145f31  f\n"}],
+     ['s3', {IN=> {f=> 'abc'}},
+                        {OUT=>"cb00753f45a35e8bb5a03d699ac65007272c32ab0eded1631a8b605a43ff5bed8086072ba1e7cc2358baeca134c825a7  f\n"}],
+     ['s4',
+      {IN=> {f=> 'abcdefghbcdefghicdefghijdefghijkefghijklfghijklmghijklmnhijklmnoijklmnopjklmnopqklmnopqrlmnopqrsmnopqrstnopqrstu'}},
+                        {OUT=>"09330c33f71147e83d192fc782cd1b4753111b173b3b05d22fa08086e3b0f712fcc7c71a557e2db966c3e9fa91746039  f\n"}],
+     ['s8', {IN=> {f=> 'a' x 1000000}},
+                        {OUT=>"9d0e1809716474cb086e834e310a4a1ced149e9c00f248527972cec5704c2a5b07b8b3dc38ecc4ebae97ddd87f3d8985  f\n"}],
+    );
+
+# Insert the '--text' argument for each test.
+my $t;
+foreach $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    splice @$t, 1, 0, '--text' unless @$t[1] =~ /--check/;
+  }
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $prog = 'sha384sum';
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/sha512sum.pl b/tests/misc/sha512sum.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..84d0d13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sha512sum.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test "sha512sum".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $sha_degenerate = "cf83e1357eefb8bdf1542850d66d8007d620e4050b5715dc83f4a921d36ce9ce47d0d13c5d85f2b0ff8318d2877eec2f63b931bd47417a81a538327af927da3e";
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['s1', {IN=> {f=> ''}},
+                        {OUT=>"$sha_degenerate  f\n"}],
+     ['s2', {IN=> {f=> 'a'}},
+                        {OUT=>"1f40fc92da241694750979ee6cf582f2d5d7d28e18335de05abc54d0560e0f5302860c652bf08d560252aa5e74210546f369fbbbce8c12cfc7957b2652fe9a75  f\n"}],
+     ['s3', {IN=> {f=> 'abc'}},
+                        {OUT=>"ddaf35a193617abacc417349ae20413112e6fa4e89a97ea20a9eeee64b55d39a2192992a274fc1a836ba3c23a3feebbd454d4423643ce80e2a9ac94fa54ca49f  f\n"}],
+     ['s4',
+      {IN=> {f=> 'abcdefghbcdefghicdefghijdefghijkefghijklfghijklmghijklmnhijklmnoijklmnopjklmnopqklmnopqrlmnopqrsmnopqrstnopqrstu'}},
+                        {OUT=>"8e959b75dae313da8cf4f72814fc143f8f7779c6eb9f7fa17299aeadb6889018501d289e4900f7e4331b99dec4b5433ac7d329eeb6dd26545e96e55b874be909  f\n"}],
+     ['s8', {IN=> {f=> 'a' x 1000000}},
+                        {OUT=>"e718483d0ce769644e2e42c7bc15b4638e1f98b13b2044285632a803afa973ebde0ff244877ea60a4cb0432ce577c31beb009c5c2c49aa2e4eadb217ad8cc09b  f\n"}],
+    );
+
+# Insert the '--text' argument for each test.
+my $t;
+foreach $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    splice @$t, 1, 0, '--text' unless @$t[1] =~ /--check/;
+  }
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $prog = 'sha512sum';
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/shred-exact.sh b/tests/misc/shred-exact.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2c8f983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/shred-exact.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test functionality of --exact
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ shred
+
+
+# make sure that neither --exact nor --zero gobbles a command line argument
+for opt in --exact --zero; do
+  echo a > a || framework_failure_
+  echo bb > b || framework_failure_
+  echo ccc > c || framework_failure_
+
+  shred --remove $opt a b || fail=1
+  test -f a && fail=1
+  test -f b && fail=1
+
+  shred --remove $opt c || fail=1
+  test -f c && fail=1
+done
+
+
+# make sure direct I/O is handled appropriately at end of file
+# Create a 1MiB file as we'll probably not be using blocks larger than that
+# (i.e., we want to test failed writes not at the start).
+truncate -s1MiB file.slop || framework_failure_
+truncate -s+1 file.slop || framework_failure_
+shred --exact -n2 file.slop || fail=1
+
+# make sure direct I/O is handled appropriately at start of file
+truncate -s1 file.slop || framework_failure_
+shred --exact -n2 file.slop || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/shred-passes.sh b/tests/misc/shred-passes.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..61ca60b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/shred-passes.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify the operations done by shred
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ shred
+
+
+# shred a single letter, which should result in
+# 3 random passes and a single rename.
+printf 1 > f || framework_failure_
+echo "\
+shred: f: pass 1/3 (random)...
+shred: f: pass 2/3 (random)...
+shred: f: pass 3/3 (random)...
+shred: f: removing
+shred: f: renamed to 0
+shred: f: removed" > exp || framework_failure_
+
+shred -v -u f 2>out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+
+# Likewise but for a zero length file
+# to bypass the data passes
+touch f || framework_failure_
+echo "\
+shred: f: removing
+shred: f: renamed to 0
+shred: f: removed" > exp || framework_failure_
+
+shred -v -u f 2>out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+
+# shred data 20 times and verify the passes used.
+# This would consume all random data between 5.93 and 8.24 inclusive.
+dd bs=100K count=1 if=/dev/zero | tr '\0' 'U' > Us || framework_failure_
+printf 1 > f || framework_failure_
+echo "\
+shred: f: pass 1/20 (random)...
+shred: f: pass 2/20 (ffffff)...
+shred: f: pass 3/20 (924924)...
+shred: f: pass 4/20 (888888)...
+shred: f: pass 5/20 (db6db6)...
+shred: f: pass 6/20 (777777)...
+shred: f: pass 7/20 (492492)...
+shred: f: pass 8/20 (bbbbbb)...
+shred: f: pass 9/20 (555555)...
+shred: f: pass 10/20 (aaaaaa)...
+shred: f: pass 11/20 (random)...
+shred: f: pass 12/20 (6db6db)...
+shred: f: pass 13/20 (249249)...
+shred: f: pass 14/20 (999999)...
+shred: f: pass 15/20 (111111)...
+shred: f: pass 16/20 (000000)...
+shred: f: pass 17/20 (b6db6d)...
+shred: f: pass 18/20 (eeeeee)...
+shred: f: pass 19/20 (333333)...
+shred: f: pass 20/20 (random)...
+shred: f: removing
+shred: f: renamed to 0
+shred: f: removed" > exp || framework_failure_
+
+shred -v -u -n20 -s4096 --random-source=Us f 2>out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Trigger an issue in shred before v8.27 where single
+# bytes in the pattern space were not initialized correctly
+# for particular sizes, like 7,13,...
+# This failed under both valgrind and ASAN.
+for size in 1 2 6 7 8; do
+  touch shred.pattern.umr.size
+  shred -n4 -s$size shred.pattern.umr.size || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/shred-remove.sh b/tests/misc/shred-remove.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a4f5117
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/shred-remove.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise shred --remove
+
+# Copyright (C) 1999-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ shred
+skip_if_root_
+
+# The length of the basename is what matters.
+# In this case, shred-4.0l would try to rename the file 256^10 times
+# before terminating.
+file=0123456789
+touch $file || framework_failure_
+chmod u-w $file || framework_failure_
+
+# This would take so long that it appears to infloop
+# when using version from fileutils-4.0k.
+# When the command completes, expect it to fail.
+returns_ 1 shred -u $file > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+rm -f $file || framework_failure_
+
+# Ensure all --remove methods at least unlink the file
+for mode in '' '=unlink' '=wipe' '=wipesync'; do
+  touch $file || framework_failure_
+  shred -n0 --remove"$mode" $file || fail=1
+  test -e $file && fail=1
+done
+
+# Ensure incorrect params are diagnosed
+touch $file || framework_failure_
+returns_ 1 shred -n0 --remove=none $file 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+# Ensure rename passes complete.
+# coreutils-8.28 did not do the decreasing length rename
+# which may have leaked the length of the removed file name
+ # test level exhaustion
+touch \
+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \
+ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z \
+ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z _ || framework_failure_
+touch test 000 || framework_failure_  # test level increment
+shred -vu test 2>out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF >exp || framework_failure_
+shred: test: removing
+shred: test: renamed to 0000
+shred: 0000: renamed to 001
+shred: 001: renamed to 00
+shred: test: removed
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure renames are only retried for EEXIST
+mkdir rodir && cd rodir && touch $file && chmod a-w . || framework_failure_
+returns_ 1 timeout 10 shred -u $file || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/shred-size.sh b/tests/misc/shred-size.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..07255cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/shred-size.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise shred --size
+
+# Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ shred
+
+# Negative size
+echo "shred: invalid file size: '-2'" > exp || framework_failure_
+echo 1234 > f || framework_failure_
+shred -s-2 f 2>err && fail=1
+compare exp err || fail=1
+
+# Octal/Hex
+shred -s010 f || fail=1
+test $(stat --printf=%s f) = 8 || fail=1
+shred -s0x10 f || fail=1
+test $(stat --printf=%s f) = 16 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/shuf-reservoir.sh b/tests/misc/shuf-reservoir.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fb0aad3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/shuf-reservoir.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise shuf's reservoir-sampling code
+# NOTE:
+#  These tests do not check valid randomness,
+#  they just check memory allocation related code.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ shuf
+expensive_
+require_valgrind_
+
+# Only exit with error for leaks when in development mode
+# in which case we enable code to suppress inconsequential leaks.
+grep '^#define lint 1' "$CONFIG_HEADER" && leaklevel=full || leaklevel=summary
+
+# Run "shuf" with specific number of input lines and output lines
+# Check the output for expected number of lines.
+run_shuf_n()
+{
+  INPUT_LINES="$1"
+  OUTPUT_LINES="$2"
+
+  # Critical memory-related bugs will cause a segfault here
+  # (with varying numbers of input/output lines)
+  seq "$INPUT_LINES" | valgrind --leak-check=$leaklevel --error-exitcode=1 \
+  shuf -n "$OUTPUT_LINES" -o "out_${INPUT_LINES}_${OUTPUT_LINES}" || return 1
+
+  EXPECTED_LINES="$OUTPUT_LINES"
+  test "$INPUT_LINES" -lt "$OUTPUT_LINES" && EXPECTED_LINES="$INPUT_LINES"
+
+  # There is no sure way to verify shuffled output (as it is random).
+  # Ensure we have the correct number of all numeric lines non duplicated lines.
+  GOOD_LINES=$(grep '^[0-9][0-9]*$' "out_${INPUT_LINES}_${OUTPUT_LINES}" |
+               sort -un | wc -l) || framework_failure_
+  LINES=$(wc -l < "out_${INPUT_LINES}_${OUTPUT_LINES}") || framework_failure_
+
+  test "$EXPECTED_LINES" -eq "$GOOD_LINES" || return 1
+  test "$EXPECTED_LINES" -eq "$LINES" || return 1
+
+  return 0
+}
+
+# Test multiple combinations of input lines and output lines.
+# (e.g. small number of input lines and large number of output lines,
+#  and vice-versa. Also, each reservoir allocation uses a 1024-lines batch,
+#  so test 1023/1024/1025 and related values).
+TEST_LINES="0 1 5 1023 1024 1025 3071 3072 3073"
+
+for IN_N in $TEST_LINES; do
+  for OUT_N in $TEST_LINES; do
+    run_shuf_n "$IN_N" "$OUT_N" || {
+      fail=1
+      echo "shuf-reservoir-sampling failed with IN_N=$IN_N OUT_N=$OUT_N" >&2;
+    }
+  done
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/shuf.sh b/tests/misc/shuf.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e75d17d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/shuf.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that shuf randomizes its input.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ shuf
+getlimits_
+
+seq 100 > in || framework_failure_
+
+shuf in >out || fail=1
+
+# Fail if the input is the same as the output.
+# This is a probabilistic test :-)
+# However, the odds of failure are very low: 1 in 100! (~ 1 in 10^158)
+compare in out > /dev/null && { fail=1; echo "not random?" 1>&2; }
+
+# Fail if the sorted output is not the same as the input.
+sort -n out > out1
+compare in out1 || { fail=1; echo "not a permutation" 1>&2; }
+
+# Exercise shuf's -i option.
+shuf -i 1-100 > out || fail=1
+compare in out > /dev/null && { fail=1; echo "not random?" 1>&2; }
+sort -n out > out1
+compare in out1 || { fail=1; echo "not a permutation" 1>&2; }
+
+# Exercize shuf's -r -n 0 options, with no standard input.
+shuf -r -n 0 in <&- >out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+
+# Exercise shuf's -e option.
+t=$(shuf -e a b c d e | sort | fmt)
+test "$t" = 'a b c d e' || { fail=1; echo "not a permutation" 1>&2; }
+
+# coreutils-8.22 dumps core.
+shuf -er
+test $? -eq 1 || fail=1
+
+# coreutils-8.22 and 8.23 dump core
+# with a single redundant operand with --input-range
+shuf -i0-0 1
+test $? -eq 1 || fail=1
+
+# Before coreutils-6.3, this would infloop.
+# "seq 1860" produces 8193 (8K + 1) bytes of output.
+seq 1860 | shuf > /dev/null || fail=1
+
+# coreutils-6.12 and earlier would output a newline terminator, not \0.
+shuf --zero-terminated -i 1-1 > out || fail=1
+printf '1\0' > exp || framework_failure_
+cmp out exp || { fail=1; echo "missing NUL terminator?" 1>&2; }
+
+# Ensure shuf -n operates efficiently for small n. Before coreutils-8.13
+# this would try to allocate $SIZE_MAX * sizeof(size_t)
+timeout 10 shuf -i1-$SIZE_MAX -n2 >/dev/null ||
+  { fail=1; echo "couldn't get a small subset" >&2; }
+
+# Ensure shuf -n0 doesn't read any input or open specified files
+touch unreadable || framework_failure_
+chmod 0 unreadable || framework_failure_
+if ! test -r unreadable; then
+  shuf -n0 unreadable || fail=1
+  { shuf -n1 unreadable || test $? -ne 1; } && fail=1
+fi
+
+# Multiple -n is accepted, should use the smallest value
+shuf -n10 -i0-9 -n3 -n20 > exp || framework_failure_
+c=$(wc -l < exp) || framework_failure_
+test "$c" -eq 3 || { fail=1; echo "Multiple -n failed">&2 ; }
+
+# Test error conditions
+
+# -i and -e must not be used together
+: | { shuf -i0-9 -e A B || test $? -ne 1; } &&
+  { fail=1; echo "shuf did not detect erroneous -e and -i usage.">&2 ; }
+# Test invalid value for -n
+: | { shuf -nA || test $? -ne 1; } &&
+  { fail=1; echo "shuf did not detect erroneous -n usage.">&2 ; }
+# Test multiple -i
+{ shuf -i0-9 -n10 -i8-90 || test $? -ne 1; } &&
+  { fail=1; echo "shuf did not detect multiple -i usage.">&2 ; }
+# Test invalid range
+for ARG in '1' 'A' '1-' '1-A'; do
+    { shuf -i$ARG || test $? -ne 1; } &&
+    { fail=1; echo "shuf did not detect erroneous -i$ARG usage.">&2 ; }
+done
+
+# multiple -o are forbidden
+{ shuf -i0-9 -o A -o B || test $? -ne 1; } &&
+  { fail=1; echo "shuf did not detect erroneous multiple -o usage.">&2 ; }
+# multiple random-sources are forbidden
+{ shuf -i0-9 --random-source A --random-source B || test $? -ne 1; } &&
+  { fail=1; echo "shuf did not detect multiple --random-source usage.">&2 ; }
+
+# Test --repeat option
+
+# --repeat without count should return an indefinite number of lines
+shuf --rep -i 0-10 | head -n 1000 > exp || framework_failure_
+c=$(wc -l < exp) || framework_failure_
+test "$c" -eq 1000 \
+  || { fail=1; echo "--repeat does not repeat indefinitely">&2 ; }
+
+# --repeat can output more values than the input range
+shuf --rep -i0-9 -n1000 > exp || framework_failure_
+c=$(wc -l < exp) || framework_failure_
+test "$c" -eq 1000 || { fail=1; echo "--repeat with --count failed">&2 ; }
+
+# Check output values (this is not bullet-proof, but drawing 1000 values
+# between 0 and 9 should produce all values, unless there's a bug in shuf
+# or a very poor random source, or extremely bad luck)
+c=$(sort -nu exp | paste -s -d ' ') || framework_failure_
+test "$c" = "0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9" ||
+  { fail=1; echo "--repeat produced bad output">&2 ; }
+
+# check --repeat with non-zero low value
+shuf --rep -i222-233 -n2000 > exp || framework_failure_
+c=$(sort -nu exp | paste -s -d ' ') || framework_failure_
+test "$c" = "222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233" ||
+ { fail=1; echo "--repeat produced bad output with non-zero low">&2 ; }
+
+# --repeat,-i,count=0 should not fail and produce no output
+shuf --rep -i0-9 -n0 > exp || framework_failure_
+# file size should be zero (no output from shuf)
+test \! -s exp ||
+  { fail=1; echo "--repeat,-i0-9,-n0 produced bad output">&2 ; }
+
+# --repeat with -e, without count, should repeat indefinitely
+shuf --rep -e A B C D | head -n 1000 > exp || framework_failure_
+c=$(wc -l < exp) || framework_failure_
+test "$c" -eq 1000 ||
+  { fail=1; echo "--repeat,-e does not repeat indefinitely">&2 ; }
+
+# --repeat with STDIN, without count, should repeat indefinitely
+printf "A\nB\nC\nD\nE\n" | shuf --rep | head -n 1000 > exp || framework_failure_
+c=$(wc -l < exp) || framework_failure_
+test "$c" -eq 1000 ||
+  { fail=1; echo "--repeat,STDIN does not repeat indefinitely">&2 ; }
+
+# --repeat with STDIN,count - can return move values than input lines
+printf "A\nB\nC\nD\nE\n" | shuf --rep -n2000 > exp || framework_failure_
+c=$(wc -l < exp) || framework_failure_
+test "$c" -eq 2000 ||
+  { fail=1; echo "--repeat,STDIN,count failed">&2 ; }
+
+# Check output values (this is not bullet-proof, but drawing 2000 values
+# between A and E should produce all values, unless there's a bug in shuf
+# or a very poor random source, or extremely bad luck)
+c=$(sort -u exp | paste -s -d ' ') || framework_failure_
+test "$c" = "A B C D E" ||
+  { fail=1; echo "--repeat,STDIN,count produced bad output">&2 ; }
+
+# --repeat,stdin,count=0 should not fail and produce no output
+printf "A\nB\nC\nD\nE\n" | shuf --rep -n0 > exp || framework_failure_
+# file size should be zero (no output from shuf)
+test \! -s exp ||
+  { fail=1; echo "--repeat,STDIN,-n0 produced bad output">&2 ; }
+
+# shuf 8.25 mishandles input if stdin is closed, due to glibc bug#15589.
+# See coreutils bug#25029.
+shuf /dev/null <&- >out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sleep.sh b/tests/misc/sleep.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bcf6c18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sleep.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Validate sleep parameters
+
+# Copyright (C) 2016-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sleep printf
+getlimits_
+
+# invalid timeouts
+returns_ 1 timeout 10 sleep invalid || fail=1
+returns_ 1 timeout 10 sleep -- -1 || fail=1
+returns_ 1 timeout 10 sleep 42D || fail=1
+returns_ 1 timeout 10 sleep 42d 42day || fail=1
+returns_ 1 timeout 10 sleep nan || fail=1
+returns_ 1 timeout 10 sleep '' || fail=1
+returns_ 1 timeout 10 sleep || fail=1
+
+# subsecond actual sleep
+timeout 10 sleep 0.001 || fail=1
+timeout 10 sleep 0x.002p1 || fail=1
+
+# Using small timeouts for larger sleeps is racy,
+# but false positives should be avoided on most systems
+returns_ 124 timeout 0.1 sleep 1d 2h 3m 4s || fail=1
+returns_ 124 timeout 0.1 sleep inf || fail=1
+returns_ 124 timeout 0.1 sleep $LDBL_MAX || fail=1
+
+# Test locale decimal handling for printf, sleep, timeout
+: ${LOCALE_FR_UTF8=none}
+if test "$LOCALE_FR_UTF8" != "none"; then
+  f=$LOCALE_FR_UTF8
+  locale_decimal=$(LC_ALL=$f env printf '%0.3f' 0.001) || fail=1
+  locale_decimal=$(LC_ALL=$f env printf '%0.3f' "$locale_decimal") || fail=1
+  case "$locale_decimal" in
+    0?001)
+      LC_ALL=$f timeout 1$locale_decimal sleep "$locale_decimal" || fail=1 ;;
+    *) fail=1 ;;
+  esac
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sm3sum.pl b/tests/misc/sm3sum.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7dfd4da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sm3sum.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test "cksum -a sm3".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2021-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $sha_degenerate =
+  "1ab21d8355cfa17f8e61194831e81a8f22bec8c728fefb747ed035eb5082aa2b";
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['s1', {IN=> {f=> ''}},
+{OUT=>"$sha_degenerate  f\n"}],
+     ['s2', {IN=> {f=> 'a'}},
+{OUT=>"623476ac18f65a2909e43c7fec61b49c7e764a91a18ccb82f1917a29c86c5e88  f\n"}],
+     ['s3', {IN=> {f=> 'abc'}},
+{OUT=>"66c7f0f462eeedd9d1f2d46bdc10e4e24167c4875cf2f7a2297da02b8f4ba8e0  f\n"}],
+     ['s4',
+      {IN=> {f=> 'abcdbcdecdefdefgefghfghighijhijkijkljklmklmnlmnomnopnopq'}},
+{OUT=>"639b6cc5e64d9e37a390b192df4fa1ea0720ab747ff692b9f38c4e66ad7b8c05  f\n"}],
+     ['s8', {IN=> {f=> 'a' x 1000000}},
+{OUT=>"c8aaf89429554029e231941a2acc0ad61ff2a5acd8fadd25847a3a732b3b02c3  f\n"}],
+    );
+
+# Insert the arguments for each test.
+my $t;
+foreach $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    splice @$t, 1, 0, '--untagged -a sm3'
+  }
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $prog = 'cksum';
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-NaN-infloop.sh b/tests/misc/sort-NaN-infloop.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..93cf9bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-NaN-infloop.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# exercise the NaN-infloop bug in coreutils-8.13
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+
+echo nan > F || framework_failure_
+printf 'nan\nnan\n' > exp || framework_failure_
+timeout 10 sort -g -m F F > out || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-benchmark-random.sh b/tests/misc/sort-benchmark-random.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..13e911d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-benchmark-random.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Benchmark sort on randomly generated data.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# Written by Glen Lenker.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+require_perl_
+
+very_expensive_
+
+$PERL -e '
+my $num_lines = 500000;
+my $length = 100;
+
+for (my $i=0; $i < $num_lines; $i++)
+{
+    for (my $j=0; $j < $length; $j++)
+    {
+      printf "%c", 32 + rand(94);
+    }
+    print "\n";
+}' > in || framework_failure_
+
+# We need to generate a lot of data for sort to show a noticeable
+# improvement in performance. Sorting it in PERL may take awhile.
+
+$PERL -e '
+open (FILE, "<in");
+my @list = <FILE>;
+print sort(@list);
+close (FILE);
+' > exp || framework_failure_
+
+time sort in > out || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-compress-hang.sh b/tests/misc/sort-compress-hang.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4c2ee25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-compress-hang.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test for sort --compress hang
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+very_expensive_
+
+cat <<EOF >compress || framework_failure_
+#!$SHELL
+tr 41 14 || exit
+touch ok
+EOF
+
+chmod +x compress
+
+seq -w 200000 > exp || fail=1
+tac exp > in || fail=1
+
+# When the bug occurs, 'sort' hangs forever.  When it doesn't occur,
+# 'sort' could be running slowly on an overburdened machine.
+# On a circa-2010 Linux server using NFS, a successful test completes
+# in about 170 seconds, so specify 1700 seconds as a safety margin.
+# Note --foreground will not kill any of the "compress" sub processes,
+# assuming they're well behaved and exit in a timely manner, but will
+# allow this command to be responsive to Ctrl-C
+timeout --foreground 1700 sort --compress-program=./compress -S 1k in > out \
+  || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+test -f ok || fail=1
+rm -f compress ok
+
+# If $TMPDIR is relative, give subprocesses time to react when 'sort' exits.
+# Otherwise, under NFS, when 'sort' unlinks the temp files and they
+# are renamed to .nfsXXXX instead of being removed, the parent cleanup
+# of this directory will fail because the files are still open.
+case $TMPDIR in
+/*) ;;
+*) sleep 1;;
+esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-compress-proc.sh b/tests/misc/sort-compress-proc.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..12f8209
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-compress-proc.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test use of compression subprocesses by sort
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+expensive_
+
+# Terminate any background processes
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+SORT_FAILURE=2
+
+seq -w 2000 > exp || fail=1
+tac exp > in || fail=1
+insize=$(stat -c %s - <in) || fail=1
+
+# This compressor's behavior is adjustable via environment variables.
+export PRE_COMPRESS=
+export POST_COMPRESS=
+
+printf '%s\n' '#!'"$SHELL" >compress || framework_failure_
+cat <<\EOF >>compress || framework_failure_
+eval "$PRE_COMPRESS"
+tr 41 14 || exit
+eval "$POST_COMPRESS"
+EOF
+
+chmod +x compress
+
+# "Impatient exit" tests
+#
+# In these test cases, the biggest compressor (or decompressor) exits
+# with nonzero status, after sleeping a bit.  Until coreutils 8.7
+# 'sort' impatiently exited without waiting for its decompression
+# subprocesses in these cases.  Check compression too, while we're here.
+#
+for compress_arg in '' '-d'
+do
+  POST_COMPRESS='
+    test "X$1" != "X'$compress_arg'" || {
+      test "X$1" = "X" && exec <&1
+      size=$(stat -c %s -)
+      exec >/dev/null 2>&1 <&1 || exit
+      expr $size "<" '"$insize"' / 2 || { sleep 1; exit 1; }
+    }
+  ' sort --compress-program=./compress -S 1k --batch-size=2 in > out
+  test $? -eq $SORT_FAILURE || fail=1
+done
+
+# "Pre-exec child" test
+#
+# Ignore a random child process created before 'sort' was exec'ed.
+# This bug was also present in coreutils 8.7.
+#
+( (sleep 1; exec false) & pid=$!
+  PRE_COMPRESS='test -f ok || sleep 2'
+  POST_COMPRESS='touch ok'
+  exec sort --compress-program=./compress -S 1k in >out
+) || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+test -f ok || fail=1
+rm -f ok
+
+rm -f compress
+
+# If $TMPDIR is relative, give subprocesses time to react when 'sort' exits.
+# Otherwise, under NFS, when 'sort' unlinks the temp files and they
+# are renamed to .nfsXXXX instead of being removed, the parent cleanup
+# of this directory will fail because the files are still open.
+case $TMPDIR in
+/*) ;;
+*) sleep 1;;
+esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-compress.sh b/tests/misc/sort-compress.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..649d9a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-compress.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test use of compression by sort
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+require_trap_signame_
+
+seq -w 2000 > exp || framework_failure_
+tac exp > in || framework_failure_
+
+# This should force the use of temp files
+sort -S 1k in > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Create our own gzip program that will be used as the default
+cat <<EOF > gzip || framework_failure_
+#!$SHELL
+tr 41 14
+touch ok
+EOF
+
+chmod +x gzip
+
+# Ensure 'sort' is immune to parent's SIGCHLD handler
+# Use a subshell and an exec to work around a bug in FreeBSD 5.0 /bin/sh.
+(
+  trap '' CHLD
+
+  # This should force the use of child processes for "compression"
+  PATH=.:$PATH exec sort -S 1k --compress-program=gzip in > /dev/null
+) || fail=1
+
+# This will find our new gzip in PATH
+PATH=.:$PATH sort -S 1k --compress-program=gzip in > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+test -f ok || fail=1
+rm -f ok
+
+# This is to make sure it works with no compression.
+PATH=.:$PATH sort -S 1k in > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+test -f ok && fail=1
+
+# This is to make sure we can use something other than gzip
+mv gzip dzip || fail=1
+sort --compress-program=./dzip -S 1k in > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+test -f ok || fail=1
+rm -f ok
+
+# Make sure it can find other programs in PATH correctly
+PATH=.:$PATH sort --compress-program=dzip -S 1k in > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+test -f ok || fail=1
+rm -f dzip ok
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-continue.sh b/tests/misc/sort-continue.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..058f86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-continue.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Tests for file descriptor exhaustion.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+
+# Skip the test when running under valgrind.
+( ulimit -n 6; sort 3<&- 4<&- 5<&- < /dev/null ) \
+  || skip_ 'fd-limited sort failed; are you running under valgrind?'
+
+for i in $(seq 31); do
+  echo $i | tee -a in > __test.$i || framework_failure_
+done
+
+# glob before ulimit to avoid issues on bash 3.2 on OS X 10.6.8 at least
+test_files=$(echo __test.*)
+
+(
+ ulimit -n 6
+ sort -n -m $test_files 3<&- 4<&- 5<&- < /dev/null > out
+) &&
+compare in out ||
+  { fail=1; echo 'file descriptor exhaustion not handled' 1>&2; }
+
+echo 32 | tee -a in > in1
+(
+ ulimit -n 6
+ sort -n -m $test_files - 3<&- 4<&- 5<&- < in1 > out
+) &&
+compare in out || { fail=1; echo 'stdin not handled properly' 1>&2; }
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-debug-keys.sh b/tests/misc/sort-debug-keys.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9a0f5cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-debug-keys.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test annotation of sort keys
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort printf
+
+number() { cat -n | sed 's/^ *//'; }
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+1
+ ^ no match for key
+
+^ no match for key
+44
+  ^ no match for key
+33
+  ^ no match for key
+2
+ ^ no match for key
+1
+ ^ no match for key
+
+^ no match for key
+44
+  ^ no match for key
+33
+  ^ no match for key
+2
+ ^ no match for key
+
+^ no match for key
+1
+_
+2
+_
+33
+__
+44
+__
+2>
+  ^ no match for key
+3>1
+  _
+1>2
+  _
+1
+ ^ no match for key
+
+^ no match for key
+44
+  ^ no match for key
+33
+  ^ no match for key
+2
+ ^ no match for key
+1
+ ^ no match for key
+
+^ no match for key
+44
+  ^ no match for key
+33
+  ^ no match for key
+2
+ ^ no match for key
+
+^ no match for key
+1
+_
+2
+_
+33
+__
+44
+__
+2>
+  ^ no match for key
+3>1
+  _
+1>2
+  _
+1
+ ^ no match for key
+
+^ no match for key
+44
+  ^ no match for key
+33
+  ^ no match for key
+2
+ ^ no match for key
+1
+ ^ no match for key
+
+^ no match for key
+44
+  ^ no match for key
+33
+  ^ no match for key
+2
+ ^ no match for key
+
+^ no match for key
+1
+_
+2
+_
+33
+__
+44
+__
+2>
+  ^ no match for key
+3>1
+  _
+1>2
+  _
+
+^ no match for key
+JAN
+___
+FEB
+___
+FEB
+   ^ no match for key
+
+^ no match for key
+JAN
+   ^ no match for key
+JAZZ
+^ no match for key
+
+^ no match for key
+JAN
+___
+FEB
+___
+2>JAZZ
+  ^ no match for key
+3>
+  ^ no match for key
+4>JAN
+  ___
+1>FEB
+  ___
+
+^ no match for key
+JANZ
+___
+JAN
+___
+FEB
+___
+3>
+  ^ no match for key
+2>JANZ
+  ___
+4>JAN
+  ___
+1>FEB
+  ___
+ 1.2ignore
+ ___
+ 1.1e4ignore
+ _____
+>>a
+___
+>b
+__
+a
+ ^ no match for key
+
+^ no match for key
+a
+_
+b
+_
+-3
+__
+-2
+__
+-0
+__
+--Mi-1
+^ no match for key
+-0
+__
+1
+_
+ 1
+ _
+__
+1
+_
+_
+ 1
+ _
+1
+_
+ 1
+__
+1
+_
+2,5
+_
+2.4
+___
+2.,,3
+__
+2.4
+___
+2,,3
+_
+2.4
+___
+1a
+_
+2b
+_
+>a
+ _
+A>chr10
+     ^ no match for key
+B>chr1
+     ^ no match for key
+1 2
+ __
+1 3
+ __
+EOF
+
+(
+for type in n h g; do
+  printf '1\n\n44\n33\n2\n' | sort -s -k2$type --debug
+  printf '1\n\n44\n33\n2\n' | sort -s -k1.3$type --debug
+  printf '1\n\n44\n33\n2\n' | sort -s -k1$type --debug
+  printf '2\n\n1\n' | number | sort -s -k2g --debug
+done
+
+printf 'FEB\n\nJAN\n' | sort -s -k1M --debug
+printf 'FEB\n\nJAN\n' | sort -s -k2,2M --debug
+printf 'FEB\nJAZZ\n\nJAN\n' | sort -s -k1M --debug
+printf 'FEB\nJAZZ\n\nJAN\n' | number | sort -s -k2,2M --debug
+printf 'FEB\nJANZ\n\nJAN\n' | sort -s -k1M --debug
+printf 'FEB\nJANZ\n\nJAN\n' | number | sort -s -k2,2M --debug
+
+printf ' 1.2ignore\n 1.1e4ignore\n' | sort -s -g --debug
+
+printf '\tb\n\t\ta\n' | sort -s -d --debug # ignore = 1
+
+printf 'a\n\n' | sort -s -k2,2 --debug #lena = 0
+
+printf 'b\na\n' | sort -s -k1 --debug #otherwise key compare
+
+printf -- '-0\n1\n-2\n--Mi-1\n-3\n-0\n' | sort -s --debug -k1,1h
+
+printf ' 1\n1\n' | sort -b --debug
+printf ' 1\n1\n' | sort -sb --debug
+printf ' 1\n1\n' | sort --debug
+
+# strnumcmp is a bit weird, so we don't match exactly
+printf '2,5\n2.4\n' | sort -s -k1n --debug
+printf '2.,,3\n2.4\n' | sort -s -k1n --debug
+printf '2,,3\n2.4\n' | sort -s -k1n --debug
+
+# -z means we convert \0 to \n
+env printf '1a\x002b\x00' | sort -s -n -z --debug
+
+# Check that \0 and \t intermix.
+printf '\0\ta\n' | sort -s -k2b,2 --debug | tr -d '\0'
+
+# Check that key end before key start is not underlined
+printf 'A\tchr10\nB\tchr1\n' | sort -s -k2.4b,2.3n --debug
+
+# Ensure that -b applied before -k offsets
+printf '1 2\n1 3\n' | sort -s -k1.2b --debug
+) > out
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+   1²---++3   1,234  Mi
+               _
+   _________
+________________________
+   1²---++3   1,234  Mi
+              _____
+   ________
+_______________________
++1234 1234Gi 1,234M
+^ no match for key
+_____
+^ no match for key
+      ____
+      ____
+      _____
+             _____
+             _____
+             ______
+___________________
+EOF
+
+unset LC_ALL
+f=$LOCALE_FR_UTF8
+
+: ${LOCALE_FR_UTF8=none}
+if test "$LOCALE_FR_UTF8" != "none"; then
+  (
+  echo '   1²---++3   1,234  Mi' |
+    LC_ALL=C sort --debug -k2g -k1b,1
+  echo '   1²---++3   1,234  Mi' |
+    LC_ALL=$f sort --debug -k2g -k1b,1
+  echo '+1234 1234Gi 1,234M' |
+    LC_ALL=$f sort --debug \
+        -k1,1n -k1,1g -k1,1h \
+        -k2,2n -k2,2g -k2,2h \
+        -k3,3n -k3,3g -k3,3h
+  ) | sed 's/^^ .*/^ no match for key/' > out
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-debug-warn.sh b/tests/misc/sort-debug-warn.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..beb11c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-debug-warn.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test warnings for sort options
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+1
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+sort: key 1 has zero width and will be ignored
+2
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+sort: key 1 has zero width and will be ignored
+sort: note numbers use '.' as a decimal point in this locale
+3
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+sort: key 1 is numeric and spans multiple fields
+sort: note numbers use '.' as a decimal point in this locale
+4
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+sort: note numbers use '.' as a decimal point in this locale
+sort: options '-bghMRrV' are ignored
+5
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+sort: note numbers use '.' as a decimal point in this locale
+sort: options '-bghMRV' are ignored
+sort: option '-r' only applies to last-resort comparison
+6
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+sort: note numbers use '.' as a decimal point in this locale
+sort: option '-r' only applies to last-resort comparison
+7
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+sort: leading blanks are significant in key 2; consider also specifying 'b'
+sort: note numbers use '.' as a decimal point in this locale
+sort: options '-bg' are ignored
+8
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+sort: note numbers use '.' as a decimal point in this locale
+9
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+sort: note numbers use '.' as a decimal point in this locale
+sort: option '-b' is ignored
+10
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+sort: note numbers use '.' as a decimal point in this locale
+11
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+sort: leading blanks are significant in key 1; consider also specifying 'b'
+12
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+sort: leading blanks are significant in key 1; consider also specifying 'b'
+13
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+sort: leading blanks are significant in key 1; consider also specifying 'b'
+sort: option '-d' is ignored
+14
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+sort: leading blanks are significant in key 1; consider also specifying 'b'
+sort: option '-i' is ignored
+15
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+16
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+17
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+EOF
+
+echo 1 >> out
+sort -s -k2,1 --debug /dev/null 2>>out || fail=1
+echo 2 >> out
+sort -s -k2,1n --debug /dev/null 2>>out || fail=1
+echo 3 >> out
+sort -s -k1,2n --debug /dev/null 2>>out || fail=1
+echo 4 >> out
+sort -s -rRVMhgb -k1,1n --debug /dev/null 2>>out || fail=1
+echo 5 >> out
+sort -rRVMhgb -k1,1n --debug /dev/null 2>>out || fail=1
+echo 6 >> out
+sort -r -k1,1n --debug /dev/null 2>>out || fail=1
+echo 7 >> out
+sort -gbr -k1,1n -k1,1r --debug /dev/null 2>>out || fail=1
+echo 8 >> out
+sort -b -k1b,1bn --debug /dev/null 2>>out || fail=1 # no warning
+echo 9 >> out
+sort -b -k1,1bn --debug /dev/null 2>>out || fail=1
+echo 10 >> out
+sort -b -k1,1bn -k2b,2 --debug /dev/null 2>>out || fail=1 # no warning
+echo 11 >> out
+sort -r -k1,1r --debug /dev/null 2>>out || fail=1 # no warning for redundant opt
+echo 12 >> out
+sort -i -k1,1i --debug /dev/null 2>>out || fail=1 # no warning
+echo 13 >> out
+sort -d -k1,1b --debug /dev/null 2>>out || fail=1
+echo 14 >> out
+sort -i -k1,1d --debug /dev/null 2>>out || fail=1
+echo 15 >> out
+sort -r --debug /dev/null 2>>out || fail=1 #no warning
+echo 16 >> out
+sort -rM --debug /dev/null 2>>out || fail=1 #no warning
+echo 17 >> out
+sort -rM -k1,1 --debug /dev/null 2>>out || fail=1 #no warning
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+sort: failed to set locale
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+EOF
+LC_ALL=missing sort --debug /dev/null 2>out || fail=1
+# musl libc maps unknown locales to the default utf8 locale
+# with no way to determine failures.  This is discussed at:
+# http://www.openwall.com/lists/musl/2016/04/02/1
+if ! grep -E 'using .*(missing|C.UTF-8).* sorting rules' out; then
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+fi
+
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+sort: key 1 is numeric and spans multiple fields
+sort: obsolescent key '+2 -1' used; consider '-k 3,1' instead
+sort: key 2 has zero width and will be ignored
+sort: note numbers use '.' as a decimal point in this locale
+sort: option '-b' is ignored
+sort: option '-r' only applies to last-resort comparison
+EOF
+sort --debug -rb -k2n +2.2 -1b /dev/null 2>out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+
+# check sign, decimal point, and grouping character warnings
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+sort: key 1 is numeric and spans multiple fields
+sort: field separator ',' is treated as a group separator in numbers
+EOF
+if test $(printf '0,9\n0,8\n' | sort -ns | tail -n1) = '0,9'; then
+  # thousands_sep == ,
+  sort -nk1 -t, --debug /dev/null 2>out || fail=1
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+fi
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+sort: key 1 is numeric and spans multiple fields
+sort: field separator '.' is treated as a decimal point in numbers
+EOF
+sort -nk1 -t. --debug /dev/null 2>out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+sort: key 1 is numeric and spans multiple fields
+sort: field separator '-' is treated as a minus sign in numbers
+sort: note numbers use '.' as a decimal point in this locale
+EOF
+sort -nk1 -t- --debug /dev/null 2>out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+sort: text ordering performed using simple byte comparison
+sort: key 1 is numeric and spans multiple fields
+sort: field separator '+' is treated as a plus sign in numbers
+sort: note numbers use '.' as a decimal point in this locale
+EOF
+sort -gk1 -t+ --debug /dev/null 2>out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-discrim.sh b/tests/misc/sort-discrim.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1d955e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-discrim.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test discriminator-based sorting.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+
+# Set limit variables.
+getlimits_
+
+# These tests are designed for a 'sort' implementation that uses a
+# discriminator, i.e., a brief summary of a key that may have lost info,
+# but whose ordering is consistent with that of the original key.
+# The tests are useful even if 'sort' does not use this representation.
+
+# Test lexicographic sorting.
+
+# A long-enough string so that it overruns a small discriminator buffer size.
+long_prefix='aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'
+seq -f "$long_prefix%5.0f" 10000 > exp || fail=1
+sort -R exp | LC_ALL=C sort > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+
+# Test numeric sorting.
+
+# These tests are designed for an internal representation that ordinarily
+# looks at the number plus two decimal digits, but if -h is
+# used it looks at one decimal place plus a 4-bit SI prefix value.
+# In both cases, there's an extra factor of 2 for the sign.
+max_int200=$(expr $UINTMAX_MAX / 200) &&
+max_frac200=$(printf '%.2d' $(expr $UINTMAX_MAX / 2 % 100)) &&
+max_int320=$(expr $UINTMAX_MAX / 320) &&
+max_frac320=$(expr $UINTMAX_MAX / 32 % 10) &&
+{ printf -- "\
+    -$UINTMAX_OFLOW
+    -$UINTMAX_MAX
+    -${max_int200}0.1
+    -${max_int200}0
+    -${max_int200}0.0
+    -${max_int320}0.1
+    -${max_int320}0
+    -${max_int320}0.0
+    -$max_int200.${max_frac200}1
+    -$max_int200.$max_frac200
+    -$max_int320.${max_frac320}1
+    -$max_int320.$max_frac320
+" &&
+  seq -- -10 .001 10 &&
+  printf "\
+    $max_int320
+    $max_int320.$max_frac320
+    $max_int320.${max_frac320}1
+    $max_int200
+    $max_int200.$max_frac200
+    $max_int200.${max_frac200}1
+    ${max_int320}0
+    ${max_int320}0.0
+    ${max_int320}0.1
+    ${max_int200}0
+    ${max_int200}0.0
+    ${max_int200}0.1
+    $UINTMAX_MAX
+    $UINTMAX_OFLOW
+"
+} > exp || fail=1
+
+for opts in -n -h; do
+  sort -R exp | LC_ALL=C sort $opts > out || fail=1
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-exit-early.sh b/tests/misc/sort-exit-early.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ed89478
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-exit-early.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test 'sort' exits early on inaccessible inputs or output
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+skip_if_root_
+
+SORT_FAILURE=2
+
+# Check output is writable before starting to sort
+touch input
+chmod a-w input
+returns_ $SORT_FAILURE timeout 10 sort -o input || fail=1
+
+# Check all inputs are readable before starting to sort
+# Also ensure the output isn't created in this case
+touch output
+chmod a-r output
+returns_ $SORT_FAILURE timeout 10 sort -o typo - output || fail=1
+test -e typo && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-files0-from.pl b/tests/misc/sort-files0-from.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e26693c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-files0-from.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Exercise sort's --files0-from option.
+# FIXME: keep this file in sync with tests/du/files0-from.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+my $prog = 'sort';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my @Tests =
+  (
+   # invalid extra command line argument
+   ['f-extra-arg', '--files0-from=- no-such', {IN=>"a"}, {EXIT=>2},
+    {ERR => "$prog: extra operand 'no-such'\n"
+        . "file operands cannot be combined with --files0-from\n"
+        . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}
+    ],
+
+   # missing input file
+   ['missing', '--files0-from=missing', {EXIT=>2},
+    {ERR => "$prog: open failed: missing: "
+     . "No such file or directory\n"}],
+
+   # input file name of '-'
+   ['minus-in-stdin', '--files0-from=-', '<', {IN=>{f=>'-'}}, {EXIT=>2},
+    {ERR => "$prog: when reading file names from stdin, no file name of"
+     . " '-' allowed\n"}],
+
+   # empty input, regular file
+   ['empty', '--files0-from=@AUX@', {AUX=>''}, {EXIT=>2},
+    {ERR_SUBST => 's/no input from.+$//'}, {ERR => "$prog: \n"}],
+
+   # empty input, from non-regular file
+   ['empty-nonreg', '--files0-from=/dev/null', {EXIT=>2},
+    {ERR => "$prog: no input from '/dev/null'\n"}],
+
+   # one NUL
+   ['nul-1', '--files0-from=-', '<', {IN=>"\0"}, {EXIT=>2},
+    {ERR => "$prog: -:1: invalid zero-length file name\n"}],
+
+   # two NULs
+   # Note that the behavior here differs from 'wc' in that the
+   # first zero-length file name is treated as fatal, so there
+   # is only one line of diagnostic output.
+   ['nul-2', '--files0-from=-', '<', {IN=>"\0\0"}, {EXIT=>2},
+    {ERR => "$prog: -:1: invalid zero-length file name\n"}],
+
+   # one file name, no NUL
+   ['1', '--files0-from=-', '<',
+    {IN=>{f=>"g"}}, {AUX=>{g=>'a'}}, {OUT=>"a\n"} ],
+
+   # one file name, with NUL
+   ['1a', '--files0-from=-', '<',
+    {IN=>{f=>"g\0"}}, {AUX=>{g=>'a'}}, {OUT=>"a\n"} ],
+
+   # two file names, no final NUL
+   ['2', '--files0-from=-', '<',
+    {IN=>{f=>"g\0g"}}, {AUX=>{g=>'a'}}, {OUT=>"a\na\n"} ],
+
+   # two file names, with final NUL
+   ['2a', '--files0-from=-', '<',
+    {IN=>{f=>"g\0g\0"}}, {AUX=>{g=>'a'}}, {OUT=>"a\na\n"} ],
+
+   # Ensure that $prog does nothing when there is a zero-length filename.
+   # Note that the behavior here differs from 'wc' in that the
+   # first zero-length file name is treated as fatal, so there
+   # should be no output on STDOUT.
+   ['zero-len', '--files0-from=-', '<',
+    {IN=>{f=>"\0g\0"}}, {AUX=>{g=>''}},
+    {ERR => "$prog: -:1: invalid zero-length file name\n"}, {EXIT=>2} ],
+  );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-float.sh b/tests/misc/sort-float.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d44c019
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-float.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure sort -g sorts floating point limits correctly
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+
+# Return 0 if LDBL_MIN is smaller than DBL_MIN, else 1.
+# Dissect numbers like these, comparing first exponent, then
+# whole part of mantissa, then fraction, until finding enough
+# of a difference to determine the relative order of the numbers.
+# These are "reversed":
+#   $ ./getlimits |grep DBL_MIN
+#   DBL_MIN=2.225074e-308
+#   LDBL_MIN=2.004168e-292
+#
+# These are in the expected order:
+#   $ ./getlimits|grep DBL_MIN
+#   DBL_MIN=2.225074e-308
+#   LDBL_MIN=3.362103e-4932
+
+dbl_minima_order()
+{
+  LC_ALL=C getlimits_
+  set -- $(echo $LDBL_MIN | tr .e- '   ')
+  local ldbl_whole=$1 ldbl_frac=$2 ldbl_exp=$3
+
+  set -- $(echo $DBL_MIN |tr .e- '   ')
+  local dbl_whole=$1 dbl_frac=$2 dbl_exp=$3
+
+  test "$dbl_exp"    -lt "$ldbl_exp"   && return 0
+  test "$ldbl_exp"   -lt "$dbl_exp"    && return 1
+  test "$ldbl_whole" -lt "$dbl_whole"  && return 0
+  test "$dbl_whole"  -lt "$ldbl_whole" && return 1
+  test "$ldbl_frac"  -le "$dbl_frac"   && return 0
+  return 1
+}
+
+# On some systems, DBL_MIN < LDBL_MIN.  Detect that.
+dbl_minima_order; reversed=$?
+
+for LOC in C $LOCALE_FR; do
+
+  LC_ALL=$LOC getlimits_
+
+  # If DBL_MIN happens to be smaller than LDBL_MIN, swap them,
+  # so that out expected output is sorted.
+  if test $reversed = 1; then
+    t=$LDBL_MIN
+    LDBL_MIN=$DBL_MIN
+    DBL_MIN=$t
+  fi
+
+  printf -- "\
+-$LDBL_MAX
+-$DBL_MAX
+-$FLT_MAX
+-$FLT_MIN
+-$DBL_MIN
+-$LDBL_MIN
+0
+$LDBL_MIN
+$DBL_MIN
+$FLT_MIN
+$FLT_MAX
+$DBL_MAX
+$LDBL_MAX
+" |
+  grep '^[0-9.,e+-]*$' > exp # restrict to numeric just in case
+
+  tac exp | LC_ALL=$LOC sort -sg > out || fail=1
+
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-h-thousands-sep.sh b/tests/misc/sort-h-thousands-sep.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6139145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-h-thousands-sep.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# exercise 'sort -h' in locales where thousands separator is blank
+
+# Copyright (C) 2016-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+
+TEST_LOCALE='sv_SE'
+
+test "$(LC_ALL="$TEST_LOCALE" locale thousands_sep)" = ' ' ||
+  skip_ 'The Swedish locale with blank thousands separator is unavailable.'
+
+tee exp1 exp3 > in << _EOF_
+1       1k      1 M     4 003   1M
+2k      2M      2 k     4 002   2
+3M      3       3 G     4 001   3k
+_EOF_
+
+cat > exp2 << _EOF_
+3M      3       3 G     4 001   3k
+1       1k      1 M     4 003   1M
+2k      2M      2 k     4 002   2
+_EOF_
+
+cat > exp5 << _EOF_
+3M      3       3 G     4 001   3k
+2k      2M      2 k     4 002   2
+1       1k      1 M     4 003   1M
+_EOF_
+
+for i in 1 2 3 5; do
+  LC_ALL="$TEST_LOCALE" sort -h -k $i "in" > "out${i}" || fail=1
+  compare "exp${i}" "out${i}" || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-merge-fdlimit.sh b/tests/misc/sort-merge-fdlimit.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..869a616
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-merge-fdlimit.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test whether sort avoids opening more file descriptors than it is
+# allowed when merging files.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+
+mkdir in err || framework_failure_
+
+
+for i in $(seq 17); do
+  echo $i >in/$i
+done
+seq 17 >some-data
+
+# When these tests are run inside the automated testing framework, they
+# have one less available file descriptor than when run outside the
+# automated testing framework. If a test with a batch size of b fails
+# inside the ATF, then the same test with batch size b+1 may pass outside
+# the ATF but fail inside it.
+
+# The default batch size (nmerge) is 16.
+(ulimit -n 19 \
+   && sort -m --batch-size=16 in/* 2>err/merge-default-err \
+   || ! grep "open failed" err/merge-default-err) || fail=1
+
+# If sort opens a file to sort by random hashes of keys,
+# it needs to consider this file against its limit on open file
+# descriptors.  Test once with the default random source
+# and once with an explicit source.
+for randsource in '' --random-source=some-data; do
+  (ulimit -n 20 \
+     && sort -mR $randsource --batch-size=16 in/* 2>err/merge-random-err \
+     || ! grep "open failed" err/merge-random-err) || fail=1
+done
+
+# 'sort -m' should work in a limited file descriptor
+# environment when the output is repeatedly one of its inputs.
+# In coreutils 8.7 and earlier, 'sort' would dump core on this test.
+#
+# This test uses 'exec' to redirect file descriptors rather than
+# ordinary redirection on the 'sort' command.  This is intended to
+# work around bugs in OpenBSD /bin/sh, and some other sh variants,
+# that squirrel away file descriptors before closing them; see
+# <https://lists.gnu.org/r/bug-tar/2010-10/msg00075.html>.
+# This test finds the bug only with shells that do not close FDs on
+# exec, and will miss the bug (if present) on other shells, but it's
+# not easy to fix this without running afoul of the OpenBSD-like sh bugs.
+(seq 6 && echo 6) >exp || framework_failure_
+echo 6 >out || framework_failure_
+(exec 3<&- 4<&- 5<&- 6</dev/null 7<&6 8<&6 9<&6 &&
+ ulimit -n 10 &&
+ sort -n -m --batch-size=7 -o out out in/1 in/2 in/3 in/4 in/5 out
+) &&
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-merge.pl b/tests/misc/sort-merge.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7eb4574
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-merge.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test "sort -m".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+my $limits = getlimits ();
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+my $prog = 'sort';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+# three empty files and one that says 'foo'
+my @inputs = (+(map{{IN=> {"empty$_"=> ''}}}1..3), {IN=> {foo=> "foo\n"}});
+
+my $big_input = "aaa\n" x 1024;
+
+# don't need to check for existence, since we're running in a temp dir
+my $badtmp = 'does/not/exist';
+
+my $bigint = $limits->{UINTMAX_OFLOW};
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['m1', '-m', @inputs, {OUT=>"foo\n"}],
+
+     # check validation of --batch-size option
+     ['nmerge-0', "-m --batch-size=0", @inputs,
+        {ERR=>"$prog: invalid --batch-size argument '0'\n".
+              "$prog: minimum --batch-size argument is '2'\n"}, {EXIT=>2}],
+
+     ['nmerge-1', "-m --batch-size=1", @inputs,
+        {ERR=>"$prog: invalid --batch-size argument '1'\n".
+              "$prog: minimum --batch-size argument is '2'\n"}, {EXIT=>2}],
+
+     ['nmerge-neg', "-m --batch-size=-1", @inputs,
+        {ERR=>"$prog: invalid --batch-size argument '-1'\n"}, {EXIT=>2}],
+
+     ['nmerge-nan', "-m --batch-size=a", @inputs,
+        {ERR=>"$prog: invalid --batch-size argument 'a'\n"}, {EXIT=>2}],
+
+     ['nmerge-big', "-m --batch-size=$bigint", @inputs,
+        {ERR_SUBST=>'s/(current rlimit is) \d+/$1/'},
+        {ERR=>"$prog: --batch-size argument '$bigint' too large\n".
+              "$prog: maximum --batch-size argument with current rlimit is\n"},
+        {EXIT=>2}],
+
+     # This should work since nmerge >= the number of input files
+     ['nmerge-yes', "-m --batch-size=4 -T$badtmp", @inputs, {OUT=>"foo\n"}],
+
+     # this should fail since nmerge < # of input files, so
+     # temp files are needed
+     ['nmerge-no', "-m --batch-size=2 -T$badtmp", @inputs,
+        {ERR_SUBST=>"s|': .*|':|"},
+        {ERR=>"$prog: cannot create temporary file in '$badtmp':\n"},
+        {EXIT=>2}],
+
+     # This used to fail because setting batch-size without also setting
+     # buffer size would cause the buffer size to be set to the minimum.
+     ['batch-size', "--batch-size=16 -T$badtmp", {IN=> {big=> $big_input}},
+        {OUT=>$big_input}],
+    );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-month.sh b/tests/misc/sort-month.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e91cb64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-month.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test sorting of abbreviated months from the locale
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+
+locale --version >/dev/null 2>&1 ||
+  skip_ 'The locale utility is not present'
+
+# C will be used if the locale is not present
+for LOC in "$LOCALE_FR" "$LOCALE_FR_UTF8" "ja_JP.utf8"; do
+  mon="$(LC_ALL=$LOC locale abmon 2>/dev/null);"
+  smon=$(LC_ALL=$LOC locale abmon 2>/dev/null |
+          tr ';' '\n' | shuf | nl | LC_ALL=$LOC sort -k2,2M |
+          cut -f2 | tr '\n' ';')
+  test "$mon" = "$smon" || { fail=1; break; }
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-rand.sh b/tests/misc/sort-rand.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6772c6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-rand.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that sort --sort-random doesn't sort.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+
+seq 100 > in || framework_failure_
+
+
+sort --random-sort in > out || fail=1
+
+# Fail if the input is the same as the output.
+# This is a probabilistic test :-)
+# However, the odds of failure are very low: 1 in 100! (~ 1 in 10^158)
+compare in out > /dev/null && { fail=1; echo "not random?" 1>&2; }
+
+# Fail if the sorted output is not the same as the input.
+sort -n out > out1
+compare in out1 || { fail=1; echo "not a permutation" 1>&2; }
+
+# If locale is available then use it to find a random non-C locale.
+if (locale --version) > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+  locale=$(locale -a | sort --random-sort | $AWK '/^.._/{print;exit}')
+  LC_ALL=$locale sort --random-sort in > out1 || fail=1
+  LC_ALL=$locale sort --random-sort in > out2 || fail=1
+
+  # Fail if the output "randomly" is the same twice in a row.
+  compare out1 out2 > /dev/null &&
+    { fail=1; echo "not random with LC_ALL=$locale" 1>&2; }
+
+  # Fail if the sorted output is not the same as the input.
+  sort -n out > out1
+  compare in out1 ||
+    { fail=1; echo "not a permutation with LC_ALL=$locale" 1>&2; }
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-spinlock-abuse.sh b/tests/misc/sort-spinlock-abuse.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5be46b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-spinlock-abuse.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# trigger a bug that would make parallel sort use 100% of one or more
+# CPU while blocked on output.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+
+# This isn't terribly expensive, but it must not be run under heavy load.
+# Since the "very expensive" tests are already run only with -j1, adding
+# this test to the list ensures it still gets _some_ (albeit minimal)
+# coverage while not causing false-positive failures in day to day runs.
+very_expensive_
+
+grep '^#define HAVE_PTHREAD_T 1' "$CONFIG_HEADER" > /dev/null ||
+  skip_ 'requires pthreads'
+
+# Terminate any background processes
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+seq 100000 > in || framework_failure_
+mkfifo_or_skip_ fifo
+
+# Arrange for sort to require 8.0+ seconds of wall-clock time,
+# while actually using far less than 1 second of CPU time.
+(for i in $(seq 80); do read line; echo $i; sleep .1; done
+  cat > /dev/null) < fifo & pid=$!
+
+# However, under heavy load, it can easily take more than
+# one second of CPU time, so set a permissive limit:
+ulimit -t 7
+sort --parallel=2 in > fifo || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-stale-thread-mem.sh b/tests/misc/sort-stale-thread-mem.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3c28589
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-stale-thread-mem.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Trigger a bug that would cause 'sort' to reference stale thread stack memory.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# written by Jim Meyering and Paul Eggert
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+
+very_expensive_
+require_valgrind_
+
+grep '^#define HAVE_PTHREAD_T 1' "$CONFIG_HEADER" > /dev/null ||
+  skip_ 'requires pthreads'
+
+# gensort output seems to trigger the failure more often,
+# so prefer gensort if it is available.
+(gensort -a 10000 in) 2>/dev/null ||
+  seq -f %-98f 10000 | shuf > in ||
+  framework_failure_
+
+# On Fedora-17-beta (valgrind-3.7.0-2.fc17.x86_64), this evokes two
+# "Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s)" errors,
+# each originating from _dl_start.
+valgrind --quiet --error-exitcode=3 sort --version > /dev/null ||
+  framework_failure_ 'valgrind fails for trivial sort invocation'
+
+# With the bug, 'sort' would fail under valgrind about half the time,
+# on some circa-2010 multicore Linux platforms.  Run the test 100 times
+# so that the probability of missing the bug should be about 1 in
+# 2**100 on these hosts.
+for i in $(seq 100); do
+  valgrind --quiet --error-exitcode=3 \
+      sort -S 100K --parallel=2 in > /dev/null ||
+    { fail=$?; echo iteration $i failed; Exit $fail; }
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-u-FMR.sh b/tests/misc/sort-u-FMR.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3b4f939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-u-FMR.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Before 8.19, this would trigger a free-memory read.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+require_valgrind_
+
+{ echo 0; printf '%0900d\n' 1; } > in || framework_failure_
+
+valgrind --error-exitcode=1 sort --p=1 -S32b -u in > out || fail=1
+
+compare in out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-unique-segv.sh b/tests/misc/sort-unique-segv.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e4a86f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-unique-segv.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# parallel sort with --unique (-u) would segfault
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+
+grep '^#define HAVE_PTHREAD_T 1' "$CONFIG_HEADER" > /dev/null ||
+  skip_ 'requires pthreads'
+
+cat <<\EOF > in || framework_failure_
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+z
+zzzzzz
+zzzzzzz
+zzzzzzz
+zzzzzzz
+zzzzzzzzz
+zzzzzzzzzzz
+zzzzzzzzzzzz
+EOF
+
+sort --parallel=1 -u in > exp || fail=1
+
+sort --parallel=2 -u -S 10b < in > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-unique.sh b/tests/misc/sort-unique.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f54cad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-unique.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test 'sort -u'.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+
+cat > in <<\EOF
+1
+2
+1
+3
+EOF
+
+cat > exp <<\EOF
+1
+2
+3
+EOF
+
+for LOC in C "$LOCALE_FR" "$LOCALE_FR_UTF8"; do
+  test -z "$LOC" && continue
+
+  LC_ALL=$LOC sort -u in > out || { fail=1; break; }
+  compare exp out || { fail=1; break; }
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-version.sh b/tests/misc/sort-version.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..10ea6a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-version.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# exercise sort's --sort=version option
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sort
+
+cat > in << _EOF_
+gcc-c++-10.fc9.tar.gz
+gcc-c++-10.8.12-0.7rc2.fc9.tar.bz2
+glibc-2-0.1.beta1.fc10.rpm
+glibc-common-5-0.2.beta2.fc9.ebuild
+glibc-common-5-0.2b.deb
+glibc-common-11b.ebuild
+glibc-common-11-0.6rc2.ebuild
+libstdc++-0.5.8.11-0.7rc2.fc10.tar.gz
+libstdc++-4a.fc8.tar.gz
+libstdc++-4.10.4.20040204svn.rpm
+libstdc++-devel-3.fc8.ebuild
+libstdc++-devel-3a.fc9.tar.gz
+libstdc++-devel-8.fc8.deb
+libstdc++-devel-8.6.2-0.4b.fc8
+nss_ldap-1-0.2b.fc9.tar.bz2
+nss_ldap-1-0.6rc2.fc8.tar.gz
+nss_ldap-1.0-0.1a.tar.gz
+nss_ldap-10beta1.fc8.tar.gz
+nss_ldap-10.11.8.6.20040204cvs.fc10.ebuild
+string start 5.0.0 end of str
+string start 5.1.0 end of str
+string start 5.10.0 end of str
+string start 5.2.0 end of str
+string start 5.20.0 end of str
+string start 5.3.0 end of str
+string start 5.30.0 end of str
+string start 5.4.0 end of str
+string start 5.40.0 end of str
+string start 5.5.0 end of str
+string start 5.50.0 end of str
+string start 5.6.0 end of str
+string start 5.60.0 end of str
+string start 5.7.0 end of str
+string start 5.70.0 end of str
+string start 5.8.0 end of str
+string start 5.80.0 end of str
+string start 5.9.0 end of str
+string start 5.90.0 end of str
+string start 5.04.0 end of str
+_EOF_
+
+cat > exp << _EOF_
+gcc-c++-10.fc9.tar.gz
+gcc-c++-10.8.12-0.7rc2.fc9.tar.bz2
+glibc-2-0.1.beta1.fc10.rpm
+glibc-common-5-0.2.beta2.fc9.ebuild
+glibc-common-5-0.2b.deb
+glibc-common-11b.ebuild
+glibc-common-11-0.6rc2.ebuild
+libstdc++-0.5.8.11-0.7rc2.fc10.tar.gz
+libstdc++-4a.fc8.tar.gz
+libstdc++-4.10.4.20040204svn.rpm
+libstdc++-devel-3.fc8.ebuild
+libstdc++-devel-3a.fc9.tar.gz
+libstdc++-devel-8.fc8.deb
+libstdc++-devel-8.6.2-0.4b.fc8
+nss_ldap-1-0.2b.fc9.tar.bz2
+nss_ldap-1-0.6rc2.fc8.tar.gz
+nss_ldap-1.0-0.1a.tar.gz
+nss_ldap-10beta1.fc8.tar.gz
+nss_ldap-10.11.8.6.20040204cvs.fc10.ebuild
+string start 5.0.0 end of str
+string start 5.1.0 end of str
+string start 5.2.0 end of str
+string start 5.3.0 end of str
+string start 5.4.0 end of str
+string start 5.04.0 end of str
+string start 5.5.0 end of str
+string start 5.6.0 end of str
+string start 5.7.0 end of str
+string start 5.8.0 end of str
+string start 5.9.0 end of str
+string start 5.10.0 end of str
+string start 5.20.0 end of str
+string start 5.30.0 end of str
+string start 5.40.0 end of str
+string start 5.50.0 end of str
+string start 5.60.0 end of str
+string start 5.70.0 end of str
+string start 5.80.0 end of str
+string start 5.90.0 end of str
+_EOF_
+
+sort --stable --sort=version -o out in || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+tr ' ' '\0' <in >in0 || framework_failure_
+sort --stable --sort=version -o out0 in0 || fail=1
+tr '\0' ' ' <out0 >out1 || framework_failure_
+compare exp out1 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort.pl b/tests/misc/sort.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0b0adca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sort.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+my $limits = getlimits ();
+
+my $prog = 'sort';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $mb_locale = $ENV{LOCALE_FR_UTF8};
+! defined $mb_locale || $mb_locale eq 'none'
+  and $mb_locale = 'C';
+
+# Since each test is run with a file name and with redirected stdin,
+# the name in the diagnostic is either the file name or "-".
+# Normalize each diagnostic to use '-'.
+my $normalize_filename = {ERR_SUBST => 's/^$prog: .*?:/$prog: -:/'};
+
+my $no_file = "$prog: cannot read: no-file: No such file or directory\n";
+
+my @Tests =
+(
+["n1", '-n', {IN=>".01\n0\n"}, {OUT=>"0\n.01\n"}],
+["n2", '-n', {IN=>".02\n.01\n"}, {OUT=>".01\n.02\n"}],
+["n3", '-n', {IN=>".02\n.00\n"}, {OUT=>".00\n.02\n"}],
+["n4", '-n', {IN=>".02\n.000\n"}, {OUT=>".000\n.02\n"}],
+["n5", '-n', {IN=>".021\n.029\n"}, {OUT=>".021\n.029\n"}],
+
+["n6", '-n', {IN=>".02\n.0*\n"}, {OUT=>".0*\n.02\n"}],
+["n7", '-n', {IN=>".02\n.*\n"}, {OUT=>".*\n.02\n"}],
+["n8a", '-s -n -k1,1', {IN=>".0a\n.0b\n"}, {OUT=>".0a\n.0b\n"}],
+["n8b", '-s -n -k1,1', {IN=>".0b\n.0a\n"}, {OUT=>".0b\n.0a\n"}],
+["n9a", '-s -n -k1,1', {IN=>".000a\n.000b\n"}, {OUT=>".000a\n.000b\n"}],
+["n9b", '-s -n -k1,1', {IN=>".000b\n.000a\n"}, {OUT=>".000b\n.000a\n"}],
+["n10a", '-s -n -k1,1', {IN=>".00a\n.000b\n"}, {OUT=>".00a\n.000b\n"}],
+["n10b", '-s -n -k1,1', {IN=>".00b\n.000a\n"}, {OUT=>".00b\n.000a\n"}],
+["n11a", '-s -n -k1,1', {IN=>".01a\n.010\n"}, {OUT=>".01a\n.010\n"}],
+["n11b", '-s -n -k1,1', {IN=>".010\n.01a\n"}, {OUT=>".010\n.01a\n"}],
+
+# human readable suffixes
+["h1", '-h',
+ {IN=>"1Y\n1Z\n1E\n1P\n1T\n1G\n1M\n1K\n02\n1\nY\n-1k\n-1M\n-1G\n-1T\n"
+      . "-1P\n-1E\n-1Z\n-1Y\n"},
+ {OUT=>"-1Y\n-1Z\n-1E\n-1P\n-1T\n-1G\n-1M\n-1k\nY\n1\n02\n1K\n1M\n1G\n1T\n"
+      . "1P\n1E\n1Z\n1Y\n"}],
+["h2", '-h', {IN=>"1M\n-2G\n-3K"}, {OUT=>"-2G\n-3K\n1M\n"}],
+# check that it works with powers of 1024
+["h3", '-k 2,2h -k 1,1', {IN=>"a 1G\nb 1023M\n"}, {OUT=>"b 1023M\na 1G\n"}],
+# decimal at end => allowed
+["h4", '-h', {IN=>"1.E\n2.M\n"}, {OUT=>"2.M\n1.E\n"}],
+# double decimal => ignore suffix
+["h5", '-h', {IN=>"1..2E\n2..2M\n"}, {OUT=>"1..2E\n2..2M\n"}],
+# "M" sorts before "G" regardless of the positive number attached.
+["h6", '-h', {IN=>"1GiB\n1030MiB\n"}, {OUT=>"1030MiB\n1GiB\n"}],
+# check option incompatibility
+["h7", '-hn', {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}, {EXIT=>2},
+ {ERR=>"$prog: options '-hn' are incompatible\n"}],
+# check key processing
+["h8", '-n -k2,2h', {IN=>"1 1E\n2 2M\n"}, {OUT=>"2 2M\n1 1E\n"}],
+# SI and IEC prefixes on separate keys allowed
+["h9", '-h -k1,1 -k2,2', {IN=>"1M 1Mi\n1M 1Mi\n"}, {OUT=>"1M 1Mi\n1M 1Mi\n"}],
+# This invalid SI and IEC prefix mixture is not significant so not noticed
+["h10", '-h -k1,1 -k2,2', {IN=>"1M 2M\n2M 1Mi\n"}, {OUT=>"1M 2M\n2M 1Mi\n"}],
+
+["01a", '', {IN=>"A\nB\nC\n"}, {OUT=>"A\nB\nC\n"}],
+#
+["02a", '-c', {IN=>"A\nB\nC\n"}, {OUT=>''}],
+["02b", '-c', {IN=>"A\nC\nB\n"}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+ {ERR=>"$prog: -:3: disorder: B\n"}, $normalize_filename],
+["02c", '-c -k1,1', {IN=>"a\na b\n"}, {OUT=>''}],
+["02d", '-C', {IN=>"A\nB\nC\n"}, {OUT=>''}],
+["02e", '-C', {IN=>"A\nC\nB\n"}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1}],
+# This should fail because there are duplicate keys
+["02m", '-cu', {IN=>"A\nA\n"}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+ {ERR=>"$prog: -:2: disorder: A\n"}, $normalize_filename],
+["02n", '-cu', {IN=>"A\nB\n"}, {OUT=>''}],
+["02o", '-cu', {IN=>"A\nB\nB\n"}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+ {ERR=>"$prog: -:3: disorder: B\n"}, $normalize_filename],
+["02p", '-cu', {IN=>"B\nA\nB\n"}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+ {ERR=>"$prog: -:2: disorder: A\n"}, $normalize_filename],
+["02q", '-c -k 1,1fR', {IN=>"ABC\nABc\nAbC\nAbc\naBC\naBc\nabC\nabc\n"}],
+["02r", '-c -k 1,1fV', {IN=>"ABC\nABc\nAbC\nAbc\naBC\naBc\nabC\nabc\n"}],
+["02s", '-c -k 1,1dfR',
+                 {IN=>".ABC\n.ABc.\nA.bC\nA.bc.\naB.C\naB.c.\nabC.\nabc..\n"}],
+#
+["03a", '-k1', {IN=>"B\nA\n"}, {OUT=>"A\nB\n"}],
+["03b", '-k1,1', {IN=>"B\nA\n"}, {OUT=>"A\nB\n"}],
+["03c", '-k1 -k2', {IN=>"A b\nA a\n"}, {OUT=>"A a\nA b\n"}],
+# Fail with a diagnostic when -k specifies field == 0.
+["03d", '-k0', {EXIT=>2},
+ {ERR=>"$prog: -: invalid field specification '0'\n"},
+  $normalize_filename],
+# Fail with a diagnostic when -k specifies character == 0.
+["03e", '-k1.0', {EXIT=>2},
+ {ERR=>"$prog: character offset is zero: invalid field specification '1.0'\n"}],
+["03f", '-k1.1,-k0', {EXIT=>2},
+ {ERR=>"$prog: invalid number after ',': invalid count at start of '-k0'\n"}],
+# This is ok.
+["03g", '-k1.1,1.0', {IN=>''}],
+# This is equivalent to 3f.
+["03h", '-k1.1,1', {IN=>''}],
+# This too, is equivalent to 3f.
+["03i", '-k1,1', {IN=>''}],
+#
+["04a", '-nc', {IN=>"2\n11\n"}],
+["04b", '-n', {IN=>"11\n2\n"}, {OUT=>"2\n11\n"}],
+["04c", '-k1n', {IN=>"11\n2\n"}, {OUT=>"2\n11\n"}],
+["04d", '-k1', {IN=>"11\n2\n"}, {OUT=>"11\n2\n"}],
+["04e", '-k2', {IN=>"ignored B\nz-ig A\n"}, {OUT=>"z-ig A\nignored B\n"}],
+#
+["05a", '-k1,2', {IN=>"A B\nA A\n"}, {OUT=>"A A\nA B\n"}],
+["05b", '-k1,2', {IN=>"A B A\nA A Z\n"}, {OUT=>"A A Z\nA B A\n"}],
+["05c", '-k1 -k2', {IN=>"A B A\nA A Z\n"}, {OUT=>"A A Z\nA B A\n"}],
+["05d", '-k2,2', {IN=>"A B A\nA A Z\n"}, {OUT=>"A A Z\nA B A\n"}],
+["05e", '-k2,2', {IN=>"A B Z\nA A A\n"}, {OUT=>"A A A\nA B Z\n"}],
+["05f", '-k2,2', {IN=>"A B A\nA A Z\n"}, {OUT=>"A A Z\nA B A\n"}],
+#
+["06a", '-k 1,2', {IN=>"A B\nA A\n"}, {OUT=>"A A\nA B\n"}],
+["06b", '-k 1,2', {IN=>"A B A\nA A Z\n"}, {OUT=>"A A Z\nA B A\n"}],
+["06c", '-k 1 -k 2', {IN=>"A B A\nA A Z\n"}, {OUT=>"A A Z\nA B A\n"}],
+["06d", '-k 2,2', {IN=>"A B A\nA A Z\n"}, {OUT=>"A A Z\nA B A\n"}],
+["06e", '-k 2,2', {IN=>"A B Z\nA A A\n"}, {OUT=>"A A A\nA B Z\n"}],
+["06f", '-k 2,2', {IN=>"A B A\nA A Z\n"}, {OUT=>"A A Z\nA B A\n"}],
+#
+["07a", '-k 2,3', {IN=>"9 a b\n7 a a\n"}, {OUT=>"7 a a\n9 a b\n"}],
+["07b", '-k 2,3', {IN=>"a a b\nz a a\n"}, {OUT=>"z a a\na a b\n"}],
+["07c", '-k 2,3', {IN=>"y k b\nz k a\n"}, {OUT=>"z k a\ny k b\n"}],
+["07d", '+1 -3', {IN=>"y k b\nz k a\n"}, {OUT=>"z k a\ny k b\n"}],
+# ensure a character position of 0 includes whole field
+["07e", '-k 2,3.0', {IN=>"a a b\nz a a\n"}, {OUT=>"z a a\na a b\n"}],
+# ensure fields with end position before start are ignored
+["07f", '-n -k1.3,1.1', {IN=>"a 2\nb 1\n"}, {OUT=>"a 2\nb 1\n"}],
+["07g", '-n -k2.2,1.2', {IN=>"aa 2\nbb 1\n"}, {OUT=>"aa 2\nbb 1\n"}],
+["07h", '-k1.3nb,1.3', {IN=>"  a 2\n  b 1\n"}, {OUT=>"  a 2\n  b 1\n"}],
+# ensure obsolescent key limits are handled correctly
+["07i", '-s +0 -1', {IN=>"a c\na b\n"}, {OUT=>"a c\na b\n"}],
+["07j", '-s +0 -1.0', {IN=>"a c\na b\n"}, {OUT=>"a c\na b\n"}],
+["07k", '-s +0 -1.1', {IN=>"a c\na b\n"}, {OUT=>"a c\na b\n"}],
+["07l", '-s +0 -1.2', {IN=>"a c\na b\n"}, {OUT=>"a b\na c\n"}],
+["07m", '-s +0 -1.1b', {IN=>"a c\na b\n"}, {OUT=>"a b\na c\n"}],
+#
+# report an error for '.' without following char spec
+["08a", '-k 2.,3', {EXIT=>2},
+ {ERR=>"$prog: invalid number after '.': invalid count at start of ',3'\n"}],
+# report an error for ',' without following POS2
+["08b", '-k 2,', {EXIT=>2},
+ {ERR=>"$prog: invalid number after ',': invalid count at start of ''\n"}],
+#
+# Test new -g option.
+["09a", '-g', {IN=>"1e2\n2e1\n"}, {OUT=>"2e1\n1e2\n"}],
+# Make sure -n works how we expect.
+["09b", '-n', {IN=>"1e2\n2e1\n"}, {OUT=>"1e2\n2e1\n"}],
+["09c", '-n', {IN=>"2e1\n1e2\n"}, {OUT=>"1e2\n2e1\n"}],
+["09d", '-k2g', {IN=>"a 1e2\nb 2e1\n"}, {OUT=>"b 2e1\na 1e2\n"}],
+#
+# Bug reported by Roger Peel <R.Peel@ee.surrey.ac.uk>
+["10a", '-t : -k 2.2,2.2', {IN=>":ba\n:ab\n"}, {OUT=>":ba\n:ab\n"}],
+# Equivalent to above, but using obsolescent '+pos -pos' option syntax.
+["10b", '-t : +1.1 -1.2', {IN=>":ba\n:ab\n"}, {OUT=>":ba\n:ab\n"}],
+#
+# The same as the preceding two, but with input lines reversed.
+["10c", '-t : -k 2.2,2.2', {IN=>":ab\n:ba\n"}, {OUT=>":ba\n:ab\n"}],
+# Equivalent to above, but using obsolescent '+pos -pos' option syntax.
+["10d", '-t : +1.1 -1.2', {IN=>":ab\n:ba\n"}, {OUT=>":ba\n:ab\n"}],
+# Try without -t...
+# But note that we have to count the delimiting space at the beginning
+# of each field that has it.
+["10a0", '-k 2.3,2.3', {IN=>"z ba\nz ab\n"}, {OUT=>"z ba\nz ab\n"}],
+["10a1", '-k 1.2,1.2', {IN=>"ba\nab\n"}, {OUT=>"ba\nab\n"}],
+["10a2", '-b -k 2.2,2.2', {IN=>"z ba\nz ab\n"}, {OUT=>"z ba\nz ab\n"}],
+#
+# An even simpler example demonstrating the bug.
+["10e", '-k 1.2,1.2', {IN=>"ab\nba\n"}, {OUT=>"ba\nab\n"}],
+#
+# The way sort works on these inputs (10f and 10g) seems wrong to me.
+# See https://git.sv.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=coreutils.git;a=commitdiff;h=3c467c0d223
+# POSIX doesn't seem to say one way or the other, but that's the way all
+# other sort implementations work.
+["10f", '-t : -k 1.3,1.3', {IN=>":ab\n:ba\n"}, {OUT=>":ba\n:ab\n"}],
+["10g", '-k 1.4,1.4', {IN=>"a ab\nb ba\n"}, {OUT=>"b ba\na ab\n"}],
+#
+# Exercise bug re using -b to skip trailing blanks.
+["11a", '-t: -k1,1b -k2,2', {IN=>"a\t:a\na :b\n"}, {OUT=>"a\t:a\na :b\n"}],
+["11b", '-t: -k1,1b -k2,2', {IN=>"a :b\na\t:a\n"}, {OUT=>"a\t:a\na :b\n"}],
+["11c", '-t: -k2,2b -k3,3', {IN=>"z:a\t:a\na :b\n"}, {OUT=>"z:a\t:a\na :b\n"}],
+# Before 1.22m, the first key comparison reported equality.
+# With 1.22m, they compare different: "a" sorts before "a\n",
+# and the second key spec isn't even used.
+["11d", '-t: -k2,2b -k3,3', {IN=>"z:a :b\na\t:a\n"}, {OUT=>"a\t:a\nz:a :b\n"}],
+#
+# Exercise bug re comparing '-' and integers.
+["12a", '-n -t: +1', {IN=>"a:1\nb:-\n"}, {OUT=>"b:-\na:1\n"}],
+["12b", '-n -t: +1', {IN=>"b:-\na:1\n"}, {OUT=>"b:-\na:1\n"}],
+# Try some other (e.g. 'X') invalid character.
+["12c", '-n -t: +1', {IN=>"a:1\nb:X\n"}, {OUT=>"b:X\na:1\n"}],
+["12d", '-n -t: +1', {IN=>"b:X\na:1\n"}, {OUT=>"b:X\na:1\n"}],
+# From Karl Heuer
+["13a", '+0.1n', {IN=>"axx\nb-1\n"}, {OUT=>"b-1\naxx\n"}],
+["13b", '+0.1n', {IN=>"b-1\naxx\n"}, {OUT=>"b-1\naxx\n"}],
+#
+# From Carl Johnson <carlj@cjlinux.home.org>
+["14a", '-d -u', {IN=>"mal\nmal-\nmala\n"}, {OUT=>"mal\nmala\n"}],
+# Be sure to fix the (translate && ignore) case in keycompare.
+["14b", '-f -d -u', {IN=>"mal\nmal-\nmala\n"}, {OUT=>"mal\nmala\n"}],
+#
+# Experiment with -i.
+["15a", '-i -u', {IN=>"a\na\1\n"}, {OUT=>"a\n"}],
+["15b", '-i -u', {IN=>"a\n\1a\n"}, {OUT=>"a\n"}],
+["15c", '-i -u', {IN=>"a\1\na\n"}, {OUT=>"a\1\n"}],
+["15d", '-i -u', {IN=>"\1a\na\n"}, {OUT=>"\1a\n"}],
+["15e", '-i -u', {IN=>"a\n\1\1\1\1\1a\1\1\1\1\n"}, {OUT=>"a\n"}],
+
+# This would fail (printing only the 7) for 8.6..8.18.
+# Use --parallel=1 for reproducibility, and a small buffer size
+# to let us trigger the problem with a smaller input.
+["unique-1", '--p=1 -S32b -u', {IN=>"7\n"x11 . "1\n"}, {OUT=>"1\n7\n"}],
+# Demonstrate that 8.19's key-spec-adjusting code is required.
+# These are more finicky in that they are arch-dependent.
+["unique-key-i686",   '-u -k2,2 --p=1 -S32b',
+  {IN=>"a 7\n"x10 . "b 1\n"}, {OUT=>"b 1\na 7\n"}],
+["unique-key-x86_64", '-u -k2,2 --p=1 -S32b',
+  {IN=>"a 7\n"x11 . "b 1\n"}, {OUT=>"b 1\na 7\n"}],
+# Before 8.19, this would trigger a free-memory read.
+["unique-free-mem-read", '-u --p=1 -S32b',
+  {IN=>"a\n"."b"x900 ."\n"},
+ {OUT=>"a\n"."b"x900 ."\n"}],
+
+# From Erick Branderhorst -- fixed around 1.19e
+["16a", '-f',
+ {IN=>"éminence\nüberhaupt\n's-Gravenhage\naëroclub\nAag\naagtappels\n"},
+ {OUT=>"'s-Gravenhage\nAag\naagtappels\naëroclub\néminence\nüberhaupt\n"}],
+
+# This provokes a one-byte memory overrun of a malloc'd block for versions
+# of sort from textutils-1.19p and before.
+["17", '-c', {IN=>"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\n"}],
+
+# POSIX says -n no longer implies -b, so here we're comparing ' 9' and '10'.
+["18a", '-k1.1,1.2n', {IN=>" 901\n100\n"}, {OUT=>" 901\n100\n"}],
+
+# Just like above, because the global '-b' has no effect on the
+# key specifier when a key-specific option ('n' in this case) is used.
+["18b", '-b -k1.1,1.2n', {IN=>" 901\n100\n"}, {OUT=>" 901\n100\n"}],
+
+# Here we're comparing ' 90' and '10', because the 'b' on the key-end specifier
+# makes sort ignore leading blanks when determining that key's *end*.
+["18c", '-k1.1,1.2nb', {IN=>" 901\n100\n"}, {OUT=>"100\n 901\n"}],
+
+# Here we're comparing '9' and '10', because the 'b' on the key-start specifier
+# makes sort ignore leading blanks when determining that key's *start*.
+["18d", '-k1.1b,1.2n', {IN=>" 901\n100\n"}, {OUT=>" 901\n100\n"}],
+
+# This compares '90' and '10', as it ignores leading blanks for both
+# key start and key end.
+["18e", '-nb -k1.1,1.2', {IN=>" 901\n100\n"}, {OUT=>"100\n 901\n"}],
+
+# When ignoring leading blanks for end position, ensure blanks from
+# next field are not included in the sort.  I.e., order should not change here.
+["18f", '-k1,1b', {IN=>"a  y\na z\n"}, {OUT=>"a  y\na z\n"}],
+
+# When ignoring leading blanks for start position, ensure blanks from
+# next field are not included in the sort.  I.e., order should not change here.
+# This was noticed as an issue on fedora 8 (only in multibyte locales).
+["18g", '-k1b,1', {IN=>"a  y\na z\n"}, {OUT=>"a  y\na z\n"},
+ {ENV => "LC_ALL=$mb_locale"}],
+
+# This looks odd, but works properly -- 2nd keyspec is never
+# used because all lines are different.
+["19a", '+0 +1nr', {IN=>"b 2\nb 1\nb 3\n"}, {OUT=>"b 1\nb 2\nb 3\n"}],
+
+# The test *intended* by the author of the above, but using the
+# more-intuitive POSIX-style -k options.
+["19b", '-k1,1 -k2nr', {IN=>"b 2\nb 1\nb 3\n"}, {OUT=>"b 3\nb 2\nb 1\n"}],
+
+# This test failed when sort-1.22 was compiled on a Next x86 system
+# without optimization.  Without optimization gcc uses the buggy version
+# of memcmp in the Next C library.  With optimization, gcc uses its
+# (working) builtin version.  Test case form William Lewis.
+["20a", '',
+ {IN=>"_________U__free\n_________U__malloc\n_________U__abort\n"
+      . "_________U__memcpy\n_________U__memset\n"
+      . "_________U_dyld_stub_binding_helper\n_________U__malloc\n"
+      . "_________U___iob\n_________U__abort\n_________U__fprintf\n"},
+ {OUT=>"_________U___iob\n_________U__abort\n_________U__abort\n"
+       . "_________U__fprintf\n_________U__free\n_________U__malloc\n"
+       . "_________U__malloc\n_________U__memcpy\n_________U__memset\n"
+       . "_________U_dyld_stub_binding_helper\n"}],
+
+# Demonstrate that folding changes the ordering of e.g. A, a, and _
+# because while they normally (in the C locale) collate like A, _, a,
+# when using -f, 'a' is compared as if it were 'A'.
+["21a", '', {IN=>"A\na\n_\n"}, {OUT=>"A\n_\na\n"}],
+["21b", '-f', {IN=>"A\na\n_\n"}, {OUT=>"A\na\n_\n"}],
+["21c", '-f', {IN=>"a\nA\n_\n"}, {OUT=>"A\na\n_\n"}],
+["21d", '-f', {IN=>"_\na\nA\n"}, {OUT=>"A\na\n_\n"}],
+["21e", '-f', {IN=>"a\n_\nA\n"}, {OUT=>"A\na\n_\n"}],
+["21f", '-fs', {IN=>"A\na\n_\n"}, {OUT=>"A\na\n_\n"}],
+["21g", '-fu', {IN=>"a\n_\n"}, {OUT=>"a\n_\n"}],
+
+# This test failed until 1.22f.  From Zvi Har'El.
+["22a", '-k 2,2fd -k 1,1r', {IN=>"3 b\n4 B\n"}, {OUT=>"4 B\n3 b\n"}],
+["22b", '-k 2,2d  -k 1,1r', {IN=>"3 b\n4 b\n"}, {OUT=>"4 b\n3 b\n"}],
+
+# This fails in Fedora 20, per Göran Uddeborg in: https://bugs.gnu.org/18540
+["23", '-s -k1,1 -t/', {IN=>"a b/x\na-b-c/x\n"}, {OUT=>"a b/x\na-b-c/x\n"},
+ {ENV => "LC_ALL=$mb_locale"}],
+
+["no-file1", 'no-file', {EXIT=>2}, {ERR=>$no_file}],
+# This test failed until 1.22f.  Sort didn't give an error.
+# From Will Edgington.
+["o-no-file1", qw(-o no-file no-file), {EXIT=>2}, {ERR=>$no_file}],
+
+["create-empty", qw(-o no/such/file /dev/null), {EXIT=>2},
+ {ERR=>"$prog: open failed: no/such/file: No such file or directory\n"}],
+
+# From Paul Eggert.  This was fixed in textutils-1.22k.
+["neg-nls", '-n', {IN=>"-1\n-9\n"}, {OUT=>"-9\n-1\n"}],
+
+# From Paul Eggert.  This was fixed in textutils-1.22m.
+# The bug was visible only when using the internationalized sorting code
+# (i.e., not when configured with --disable-nls).
+["nul-nls", '', {IN=>"\0b\n\0a\n"}, {OUT=>"\0a\n\0b\n"}],
+
+# Paul Eggert wrote:
+# A previous version of POSIX incorrectly required that the newline
+# at the end of the input line contributed to the sort, which would
+# mean that an empty line should sort after a line starting with a tab
+# (because \t precedes \n in the ASCII collating sequence).
+# GNU 'sort' was altered to do this, but was changed back once it
+# was discovered to be a POSIX bug (and the POSIX bug was fixed).
+# Check that 'sort' conforms to the fixed POSIX, not to the buggy one.
+["use-nl", '', {IN=>"\n\t\n"}, {OUT=>"\n\t\n"}],
+
+# Specifying two -o options should evoke a failure
+["o2", qw(-o x -o y), {EXIT=>2},
+ {ERR=>"foo\n"}, {ERR_SUBST => 's/^$prog: .*/foo/'}],
+
+# Specifying incompatible options should evoke a failure.
+["incompat1", '-in', {EXIT=>2},
+ {ERR=>"$prog: options '-in' are incompatible\n"}],
+["incompat2", '-nR', {EXIT=>2},
+ {ERR=>"$prog: options '-nR' are incompatible\n"}],
+["incompat3", '-dfgiMnR', {EXIT=>2},
+ {ERR=>"$prog: options '-dfgMnR' are incompatible\n"}],
+["incompat4", qw(-c -o /dev/null), {EXIT=>2},
+ {ERR=>"$prog: options '-co' are incompatible\n"}],
+["incompat5", qw(-C -o /dev/null), {EXIT=>2},
+ {ERR=>"$prog: options '-Co' are incompatible\n"}],
+["incompat6", '-cC', {EXIT=>2},
+ {ERR=>"$prog: options '-cC' are incompatible\n"}],
+["incompat7", qw(--sort=random -n), {EXIT=>2},
+ {ERR=>"$prog: options '-nR' are incompatible\n"}],
+
+# -t '\0' is accepted, as of coreutils-5.0.91
+['nul-tab', "-k2,2 -t '\\0'",
+ {IN=>"a\0z\01\nb\0y\02\n"}, {OUT=>"b\0y\02\na\0z\01\n"}],
+
+# fields > SIZE_MAX are silently interpreted as SIZE_MAX
+["bigfield1", "-k $limits->{UINTMAX_OFLOW}",
+ {IN=>"2\n1\n"}, {OUT=>"1\n2\n"}],
+["bigfield2", "-k $limits->{SIZE_OFLOW}",
+ {IN=>"2\n1\n"}, {OUT=>"1\n2\n"}],
+
+# Using an old-style key-specifying option like +1 with an invalid
+# ordering-option character would cause sort to try to free an invalid
+# (non-malloc'd) pointer.  This bug affects coreutils-6.5 through 6.9.
+['obs-inval', '+1x', {EXIT=>2},
+ {ERR=>"foo\n"}, {ERR_SUBST => 's/^$prog: .*/foo/'}],
+
+# Exercise the code that enlarges the line buffer.
+['realloc-buf', '-S1', {IN=>'a'x4000 ."\n"}, {OUT=>'a'x4000 ."\n"}],
+['realloc-buf-2', '-S1', {IN=>'a'x5 ."\n"}, {OUT=>'a'x5 ."\n"}],
+
+["sort-numeric", '--sort=numeric', {IN=>".01\n0\n"}, {OUT=>"0\n.01\n"}],
+["sort-gennum", '--sort=general-numeric',
+  {IN=>"1e2\n2e1\n"}, {OUT=>"2e1\n1e2\n"}],
+
+# -m with output file also used as an input file
+# In coreutils-7.2, this caused a segfault.
+# This test looks a little strange.  Here's why:
+# since we're using "-o f", standard output will be empty, hence OUT=>''
+# We still want to ensure that the output file, "f" has expected contents,
+# hence the added CMP=> directive.
+["output-is-input", '-m -o f', {IN=> {f=> "a\n"}}, {OUT=>''},
+ {CMP=> ["a\n", {'f'=> undef}]} ],
+["output-is-input-2", '-m -o f', {OUT=>''},
+ {IN=> {f=> "a\n"}}, {IN=> {g=> "b\n"}}, {IN=> {h=> "c\n"}},
+ {CMP=> ["a\nb\nc\n", {'f'=> undef}]} ],
+["output-is-input-3", '-m -o f', {OUT=>''},
+ {IN=> {g=> "a\n"}}, {IN=> {h=> "b\n"}}, {IN=> {f=> "c\n"}},
+ {CMP=> ["a\nb\nc\n", {'f'=> undef}]} ],
+
+# --zero-terminated
+['zero-1', '-z', {IN=>"2\0001\000"}, {OUT=>"1\0002\000"}],
+['zero-2', '-z -k2,2', {IN=>"1\n2\0002\n1\000"}, {OUT=>"2\n1\0001\n2\000"}],
+['zero-3', '-zb -k2,2', {IN=>"1\n\n2\0002\n1\0"}, {OUT=>"2\n1\0001\n\n2\0"}],
+);
+
+# Add _POSIX2_VERSION=199209 to the environment of each test
+# that uses an old-style option like +1.
+foreach my $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    foreach my $e (@$t)
+      {
+        !ref $e && $e =~ /\+\d/
+          and push (@$t, {ENV=>'_POSIX2_VERSION=199209'}), last;
+      }
+  }
+
+@Tests = triple_test \@Tests;
+
+# Remember that triple_test creates from each test with exactly one "IN"
+# file two more tests (.p and .r suffix on name) corresponding to reading
+# input from a file and from a pipe.  The pipe-reading test would fail
+# due to a race condition about 1 in 20 times.
+# Remove the IN_PIPE version of the "output-is-input" test above.
+# The others aren't susceptible because they have three inputs each.
+@Tests = grep {$_->[0] ne 'output-is-input.p'} @Tests;
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($prog, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/stat-birthtime.sh b/tests/misc/stat-birthtime.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..647ea67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/stat-birthtime.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that stat attempts birthtime access
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ stat
+
+# Whether birthtime is supported or not, it better not change even when
+# [acm]time are modified.  :)
+touch a || fail=1
+btime=$(stat --format %W a) || fail=1
+atime=$(stat --format %X a) || fail=1
+mtime=$(stat --format %Y a) || fail=1
+ctime=$(stat --format %Z a) || fail=1
+
+# Wait up to 2.17s for timestamps to change.
+# ----------------------------------------
+# iterations   file system resolution  e.g.
+# ----------------------------------------
+# 1            nano or micro second    ext4
+# 4            1 second                ext3
+# 5            2 second                FAT
+# ----------------------------------------
+check_timestamps_updated()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+  sleep $delay
+  touch a || fail=1
+
+  test "x$btime" = x$(stat --format %W a) &&
+  test "x$atime" != x$(stat --format %X a) &&
+  test "x$mtime" != x$(stat --format %Y a) &&
+  test "x$ctime" != x$(stat --format %Z a)
+}
+retry_delay_ check_timestamps_updated .07 5 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/stat-fmt.sh b/tests/misc/stat-fmt.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7f557f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/stat-fmt.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# stat --format tests
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ stat
+
+
+# ensure that stat properly handles a format string ending with %
+for i in $(seq 50); do
+  fmt=$(printf "%${i}s" %)
+  out=$(stat --form="$fmt" .)
+  test "$out" = "$fmt" || fail=1
+done
+
+
+# ensure QUOTING_STYLE is honored by %N
+touch "'" || framework_failure_
+# Default since v8.25
+stat -c%N \' >> out || fail=1
+# Default before v8.25
+QUOTING_STYLE=locale stat -c%N \' >> out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF >exp
+"'"
+'\''
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# ensure %H and %L modifiers are handled
+stat -c '%r %R %Hd,%Ld %Hr,%Lr' . > out || fail=1
+grep -F '?' out && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/stat-hyphen.sh b/tests/misc/stat-hyphen.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9520402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/stat-hyphen.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# demonstrate that stat - works and stat -f - does not.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ stat
+
+printf -- '-\n' > exp || framework_failure_
+touch f || framework_failure_
+
+stat --format=%n - < f > out || fail=1
+returns_ 1 stat -f - < f || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/stat-mount.sh b/tests/misc/stat-mount.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2237a9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/stat-mount.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test stat -c%m
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ stat
+
+stat_mnt=$(stat -c%m .) || fail=1
+case "$stat_mnt" in
+  /*) ;;
+  *) fail=1;;
+esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/stat-nanoseconds.sh b/tests/misc/stat-nanoseconds.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f64cb91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/stat-nanoseconds.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise format strings involving %:X, %:Y, etc.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+print_ver_ stat
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+
+# Set this to avoid problems with weird time zones.
+TZ=UTC0
+export TZ
+
+# Use a timestamp near the Epoch to avoid trouble with leap seconds.
+touch -d '1970-01-01 18:43:33.023456789' k || framework_failure_
+
+ls --full-time | grep 18:43:33.023456789 \
+  || skip_ this file system does not support sub-second timestamps
+
+test "$(stat -c       %X k)" =    67413               || fail=1
+test "$(stat -c      %.X k)" =    67413.023456789     || fail=1
+test "$(stat -c     %.1X k)" =    67413.0             || fail=1
+test "$(stat -c     %.3X k)" =    67413.023           || fail=1
+test "$(stat -c     %.6X k)" =    67413.023456        || fail=1
+test "$(stat -c     %.9X k)" =    67413.023456789     || fail=1
+test "$(stat -c   %13.6X k)" =  ' 67413.023456'       || fail=1
+test "$(stat -c  %013.6X k)" =   067413.023456        || fail=1
+test "$(stat -c  %-13.6X k)" =   '67413.023456 '      || fail=1
+test "$(stat -c  %18.10X k)" = '  67413.0234567890'   || fail=1
+test "$(stat -c %I18.10X k)" = '  67413.0234567890'   || fail=1
+test "$(stat -c %018.10X k)" =  0067413.0234567890    || fail=1
+test "$(stat -c %-18.10X k)" =   '67413.0234567890  ' || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/stat-printf.pl b/tests/misc/stat-printf.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..32459b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/stat-printf.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test "stat --printf".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $ME = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+my $prog = 'stat';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     # test-name, [option, option, ...] {OUT=>"expected-output"}
+     #
+     ['nl', q!--printf='\n' .!,          {OUT=>"\n"}],
+     ['no-nl', "--printf=%n .",          {OUT=>"."}],
+     ['pct-and-esc', q!--printf='\0%n\0' .!,    {OUT=>"\0.\0"}],
+     ['backslash', q!--printf='\\\\' .!, {OUT=>"\\"}],
+     ['nul', q!--printf='\0' .!,         {OUT=>"\0"}],
+     # Don't bother testing \v, since Perl doesn't handle it.
+     ['bel-etc', q!--printf='\a\b\f\n\r\t' .!, {OUT=>"\a\b\f\n\r\t"}],
+     ['octal-1', q!--printf='\012\377' .!,     {OUT=>"\012\377"}],
+     ['octal-2', q!--printf='.\012a\377b' .!,  {OUT=>".\012a\377b"}],
+     ['hex-1',   q!--printf='\x34\xf' .!,      {OUT=>"\x34\xf"}],
+     ['hex-2',   q!--printf='.\x18p\xfq' .!,   {OUT=>".\x18p\x0fq"}],
+     ['hex-3',   q!--printf='\x' .!,           {OUT=>'x'},
+         {ERR=>"$prog: warning: unrecognized escape '\\x'\n"}],
+
+     # With --format, there *is* a trailing newline.
+     ['f-nl', "--format=%n .",          {OUT=>".\n"}],
+     ['f-nl2', "--format=%n . .",       {OUT=>".\n.\n"}],
+
+     ['end-pct', "--printf=% .",       {OUT=>"%"}],
+     ['pct-pct', "--printf=%% .",      {OUT=>"%"}],
+     ['end-bs',  "--printf='\\' .",    {OUT=>'\\'},
+         {ERR=>"$prog: warning: backslash at end of format\n"}],
+
+     ['err-1', "--printf=%9% .",       {EXIT => 1},
+         {ERR=>"$prog: '%9%': invalid directive\n"}],
+     ['err-2', "--printf=%9 .",        {EXIT => 1},
+         {ERR=>"$prog: '%9': invalid directive\n"}],
+    );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($ME, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/stat-slash.sh b/tests/misc/stat-slash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..51358ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/stat-slash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# demonstrate that stat handles trailing slashes correctly
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ stat
+
+touch file || framework_failure_
+mkdir dir || framework_failure_
+ln -s file link1 || framework_failure_
+ln -s dir link2 || framework_failure_
+
+cat <<EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+link1
+symbolic link
+directory
+directory
+EOF
+
+# This failed on Solaris 9 for coreutils 8.0.
+stat --format=%n link1 > out || fail=1
+returns_ 1 stat --format=%n link1/ >> out || fail=1
+
+stat --format=%F link2 >> out || fail=1
+stat -L --format=%F link2 >> out || fail=1
+stat --format=%F link2/ >> out || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/stdbuf.sh b/tests/misc/stdbuf.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6a21592
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/stdbuf.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise stdbuf functionality
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ stdbuf env
+
+getlimits_
+
+# stdbuf fails when the absolute top build dir name contains e.g.,
+# space, TAB, NL
+lf='
+'
+case $abs_top_builddir in
+  *[\\\"\#\$\&\'\`$lf\ \	]*)
+    skip_ "unsafe absolute build directory name: $abs_top_builddir";;
+esac
+
+# Use a fifo rather than a pipe in the tests below
+# so that the producer (uniq) will wait until the
+# consumer (dd) opens the fifo therefore increasing
+# the chance that dd will read the data from each
+# write separately.
+mkfifo_or_skip_ fifo
+
+
+# Verify input parameter checking
+stdbuf -o1 true || fail=1 # verify size syntax
+stdbuf -oK true || fail=1 # verify size syntax
+stdbuf -o0 true || fail=1 # verify unbuffered syntax
+stdbuf -oL true || fail=1 # verify line buffered syntax
+
+# Capital 'L' required
+# Internal error is a particular status
+returns_ 125 stdbuf -ol true || fail=1
+
+returns_ 125 stdbuf -o$SIZE_OFLOW true || fail=1 # size too large
+returns_ 125 stdbuf -iL true || fail=1 # line buffering stdin disallowed
+returns_ 125 stdbuf true || fail=1 # a buffering mode must be specified
+stdbuf -i0 -o0 -e0 true || fail=1 #check all files
+returns_ 126 env . && { returns_ 126 stdbuf -o1 . || fail=1; } # invalid command
+returns_ 127 stdbuf -o1 no_such || fail=1 # no such command
+
+# Terminate any background processes
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+# Ensure line buffering stdout takes effect
+stdbuf_linebuffer()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+
+  printf '1\n' > exp
+  > out || framework_failure_
+  dd count=1 if=fifo > out 2> err & pid=$!
+  (printf '1\n'; sleep $delay; printf '2\n') | stdbuf -oL uniq > fifo
+  wait $pid
+  compare exp out
+}
+
+retry_delay_ stdbuf_linebuffer .1 6 || fail=1
+
+stdbuf_unbuffer()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+
+  # Ensure un buffering stdout takes effect
+  printf '1\n' > exp
+  > out || framework_failure_
+  dd count=1 if=fifo > out 2> err & pid=$!
+  (printf '1\n'; sleep $delay; printf '2\n') | stdbuf -o0 uniq > fifo
+  wait $pid
+  compare exp out
+}
+
+retry_delay_ stdbuf_unbuffer .1 6 || fail=1
+
+# Ensure un buffering stdin takes effect
+#  The following works for me, but is racy.  I.e., we're depending
+#  on dd to run and close the fifo before the second write by uniq.
+#  If we add a sleep, then we're just testing -oL
+    # printf '3\n' > exp
+    # dd count=1 if=fifo > /dev/null 2> err &
+    # printf '1\n\2\n3\n' | (stdbuf -i0 -oL uniq > fifo; cat) > out
+    # wait # for dd to complete
+    # compare exp out || fail=1
+#  One could remove the need for dd (used to close the fifo to get uniq to quit
+#  early), if head -n1 read stdin char by char. Note uniq | head -c2 doesn't
+#  suffice due to the buffering implicit in the pipe.  sed currently does read
+#  stdin char by char, so we can test with 'sed 1q'.  However I'm wary about
+#  adding this dependency on a program outside of coreutils.
+    # printf '2\n' > exp
+    # printf '1\n2\n' | (stdbuf -i0 sed 1q >/dev/null; cat) > out
+    # compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure block buffering stdout takes effect
+# We don't currently test block buffering failures as
+# this doesn't work on GLIBC-2.7 or GLIBC-2.9 at least.
+   # stdbuf_blockbuffer()
+   # {
+   #   local delay="$1"
+   #
+   #   printf '1\n2\n' > exp
+   #   dd count=1 if=fifo > out 2> err &
+   #   (printf '1\n'; sleep $delay; printf '2\n') | stdbuf -o4 uniq > fifo
+   #   wait # for dd to complete
+   #   compare exp out
+   # }
+   #
+   # retry_delay_ stdbuf_blockbuffer .1 6 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/stty-invalid.sh b/tests/misc/stty-invalid.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..58e5131
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/stty-invalid.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that stty diagnoses invalid inputs, rather than silently misbehaving.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ stty
+require_controlling_input_terminal_
+require_trap_signame_
+
+trap '' TTOU # Ignore SIGTTOU
+
+
+saved_state=$(stty -g) || fail=1
+stty $saved_state || fail=1
+
+# Before coreutils-6.9.90, if stty were given an argument with 35 colons
+# separating 36 hexadecimal strings, stty would fail to diagnose as invalid
+# any number that was out of range as long as sscanf happened to
+# overflow/wrap it back into the range of the corresponding type (either
+# tcflag_t or cc_t).
+
+# For each of the following, with coreutils-6.9 and earlier,
+# stty would fail to diagnose the error on at least Solaris 10.
+hex_2_64=10000000000000000
+returns_ 1 stty $(echo $saved_state |sed 's/^[^:]*:/'$hex_2_64:/) \
+  2>/dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 stty $(echo $saved_state |sed 's/:[0-9a-f]*$/:'$hex_2_64/) \
+  2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+# From coreutils 5.3.0 to 8.28, the following would crash
+# due to incorrect argument handling.
+if tty -s </dev/tty; then
+  returns_ 1 stty eol -F /dev/tty || fail=1
+  returns_ 1 stty -F /dev/tty eol || fail=1
+  returns_ 1 stty -F/dev/tty eol || fail=1
+  returns_ 1 stty eol -F/dev/tty eol || fail=1
+fi
+
+# Just in case either of the above mistakenly succeeds (and changes
+# the state of our tty), try to restore the initial state.
+stty $saved_state || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/stty-pairs.sh b/tests/misc/stty-pairs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cae750a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/stty-pairs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure stty can parse most of its options - in pairs [expensive].
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ stty
+
+expensive_
+
+# Make sure there's a tty on stdin.
+require_controlling_input_terminal_
+require_trap_signame_
+
+trap '' TTOU # Ignore SIGTTOU
+
+# Get the reversible settings from stty.c.
+stty_reversible_init_
+
+saved_state=.saved-state
+stty --save > $saved_state || fail=1
+stty $(cat $saved_state) || fail=1
+
+# Build a list of all boolean options stty accepts on this system.
+# Don't depend on terminal width.  Put each option on its own line,
+# remove all non-boolean ones, remove 'parenb' and 'cread' explicitly,
+# then remove any leading hyphens.
+sed_del='/^speed/d;/^rows/d;/^columns/d;/ = /d;s/parenb//;s/cread//'
+options=$(stty -a | tr -s ';' '\n' | sed "s/^ //;$sed_del;s/-//g")
+
+# Take them in pairs, with and without the leading '-'.
+for opt1 in $options; do
+  for opt2 in $options; do
+
+    stty $opt1 $opt2 || fail=1
+
+    if stty_reversible_query_ "$opt1" ; then
+      stty -$opt1 $opt2 || fail=1
+    fi
+    if stty_reversible_query_ "$opt2" ; then
+      stty $opt1 -$opt2 || fail=1
+    fi
+    if stty_reversible_query_ "$opt1" \
+        && stty_reversible_query_ "$opt2" ; then
+      stty -$opt1 -$opt2 || fail=1
+    fi
+  done
+done
+
+stty $(cat $saved_state)
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/stty-row-col.sh b/tests/misc/stty-row-col.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..89460ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/stty-row-col.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test "stty" with rows and columns.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# Setting this envvar to a very small value used to cause e.g., 'stty size'
+# to generate slightly different output on certain systems.
+COLUMNS=80
+export COLUMNS
+
+# Make sure we get English-language behavior.
+# See the report about a possibly-related Solaris problem by Alexandre Peshansky
+# <https://lists.gnu.org/r/bug-coreutils/2004-10/msg00035.html>.
+# Currently stty isn't localized, but it might be in the future.
+LC_ALL=C
+export LC_ALL
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ stty
+
+require_controlling_input_terminal_
+require_trap_signame_
+
+trap '' TTOU # Ignore SIGTTOU
+
+# Versions of GNU stty from shellutils-1.9.2c and earlier failed
+# tests #2 and #4 when run on SunOS 4.1.3.
+
+tests='
+1 rows_40_columns_80 40_80
+2 rows_1_columns_1 1_1
+3 rows_40_columns_80 40_80
+4 rows_1 1_80
+5 columns_1 1_1
+6 rows_40 40_1
+7 rows_1 1_1
+8 columns_80 1_80
+9 rows_30 30_80
+10 rows_0x1E 30_80
+11 rows_036 30_80
+NA LAST NA
+'
+set $tests
+
+saved_size=$(stty size) && test -n "$saved_size" \
+  || skip_ "can't get window size"
+
+# Linux virtual consoles issue an error if you
+# try to increase their size.  So skip in that case.
+if test "x$saved_size" != "x0 0"; then
+  srow=$(echo $saved_size | cut -d ' ' -f1)
+  scol=$(echo $saved_size | cut -d ' ' -f2)
+  stty rows $(expr $srow + 1) cols $(expr $scol + 1) ||
+    skip_ "can't increase window size"
+fi
+
+while :; do
+  test_name=$1
+  args=$2
+  expected_result="$(echo $3|tr _ ' ')"
+  test "$args" = empty && args=''
+  test "x$args" = xLAST && break
+  args=$(echo x$args|tr _ ' '|sed 's/^x//')
+  if test "$VERBOSE" = yes; then
+    # echo "testing \$(stty $args; stty size\) = $expected_result ..."
+    echo "test $test_name... " | tr -d '\n'
+  fi
+  stty $args || exit 1
+  test x"$(stty size 2> /dev/null)" = "x$expected_result" \
+    && ok=ok || ok=FAIL fail=1
+  test "$VERBOSE" = yes && echo $ok
+  shift; shift; shift
+done
+
+set x $saved_size
+stty rows $2 columns $3 || exit 1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/stty.sh b/tests/misc/stty.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bcdc80e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/stty.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure stty can parse most of its options.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# Make sure there's a tty on stdin.
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ stty
+
+require_controlling_input_terminal_
+require_trap_signame_
+require_strace_ ioctl
+
+trap '' TTOU # Ignore SIGTTOU
+
+# Get the reversible settings from stty.c.
+stty_reversible_init_
+
+saved_state=.saved-state
+stty --save > $saved_state || fail=1
+stty $(cat $saved_state) || fail=1
+
+# This would segfault prior to sh-utils-2.0j.
+stty erase - || fail=1
+
+# Ensure "immediate" and "wait" mode supported, with and without settings
+for mode in '-drain' 'drain'; do
+  for opt in 'echo' ''; do
+    stty "$mode" $opt || fail=1
+  done
+done
+
+# These would improperly ignore invalid options through coreutils 5.2.1.
+returns_ 1 stty -F 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 stty -raw -F no/such/file 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 stty -raw -a 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+# Build a list of all boolean options stty accepts on this system.
+# Don't depend on terminal width.  Put each option on its own line,
+# remove all non-boolean ones, then remove any leading hyphens.
+sed_del='/^speed/d;/^rows/d;/^columns/d;/ = /d'
+options=$(stty -a | tr -s ';' '\n' | sed "s/^ //;$sed_del;s/-//g")
+
+# Take them one at a time, with and without the leading '-'.
+for opt in $options; do
+  # 'stty parenb' and 'stty -parenb' fail with this message
+  # stty: standard input: unable to perform all requested operations
+  # on Linux 2.2.0-pre4 kernels.  Also since around Linux 2.6.30
+  # other serial control settings give the same error. So skip them.
+  # Also on ppc*|sparc* glibc platforms 'icanon' gives the same error.
+  # See: https://bugs.gnu.org/7228#14
+  case $opt in
+    parenb|parodd|cmspar) continue;;
+    cstopb|crtscts|cdtrdsr|icanon) continue;;
+  esac
+
+  # This is listed as supported on FreeBSD
+  # but the ioctl returns ENOTTY.
+  test $opt = extproc && continue
+
+  stty $opt || fail=1
+
+  # Likewise, 'stty -cread' would fail, so skip that, too.
+  test $opt = cread && continue
+  if stty_reversible_query_ "$opt" ; then
+    stty -$opt || { fail=1; echo -$opt; }
+  fi
+done
+
+stty $(cat $saved_state)
+
+# Ensure we validate options before accessing the device
+strace -o log1 -e ioctl stty --version || fail=1
+n_ioctl1=$(wc -l < log1) || framework_failure_
+returns_ 1 strace -o log2 -e ioctl stty -blahblah || fail=1
+n_ioctl2=$(wc -l < log2) || framework_failure_
+test "$n_ioctl1" = "$n_ioctl2" || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sum-sysv.sh b/tests/misc/sum-sysv.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a11e017
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sum-sysv.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure 'sum -s' works for input whose sum of bytes is larger than 2^32
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# Avoid a problem when run in a UTF-8 locale.
+# Otherwise, Perl would try to (and fail to) interpret
+# each string below as a sequence of multi-byte characters.
+LC_ALL=C
+export LC_ALL
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sum
+
+require_perl_
+
+# FYI, 16843009 is floor (2^32 / 255).
+
+# aka: perl -e 'print chr(255) x 16843009'
+$PERL -e '$s = chr(255) x 65537; foreach (1..257) {print $s}' \
+  | sum -s > out || fail=1
+cat > exp <<\EOF
+65535 32897
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+rm -f out exp
+
+# aka: perl -e 'print chr(255) x 16843010'
+$PERL -e '$s = chr(255) x 65537; foreach (1..257) {print $s}; print chr(255)' \
+  | sum -s > out || fail=1
+cat > exp <<\EOF
+254 32897
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/sum.pl b/tests/misc/sum.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..88b53d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sum.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test "sum".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $in_1k = 'a' x 1024;
+my $in_2k = 'b' x 2048;
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['1', {IN=> {f=> ''}},	{OUT=>"00000     0 f\n"}],
+     ['2', {IN=> {f=> 'a'}},	{OUT=>"00097     1 f\n"}],
+     ['3', {IN=> {f=> 'abc'}},	{OUT=>"16556     1 f\n"}],
+     ['4', {IN=> {f=> 'message digest'}}, {OUT=>"26423     1 f\n"}],
+     ['5', {IN=> {f=> 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'}}, {OUT=>"53553     1 f\n"}],
+     ['6', {IN=> {f=> join ('', 'A'..'Z', 'a'..'z', '0'..'9')}},
+                                {OUT=>"25587     1 f\n"}],
+     ['7', {IN=> {f=> '1234567890' x 8}}, {OUT=>"21845     1 f\n"}],
+
+     ['a-r-1k', '-r', {IN=> {f=> $in_1k}}, {OUT=>"65409     1 f\n"}],
+     ['a-s-1k', '-s', {IN=> {f=> $in_1k}}, {OUT=>"33793 2 f\n"}],
+     ['b-r-2k', '-r', {IN=> {f=> $in_2k}}, {OUT=>"65223     2 f\n"}],
+     ['b-s-2k', '-s', {IN=> {f=> $in_2k}}, {OUT=>"4099 4 f\n"}],
+
+     ['1s', '-s', {IN=> {f=> ''}},	{OUT=>"0 0 f\n"}],
+     ['2s', '-s', {IN=> {f=> 'a'}},	{OUT=>"97 1 f\n"}],
+     ['3s', '-s', {IN=> {f=> 'abc'}},	{OUT=>"294 1 f\n"}],
+     ['4s', '-s', {IN=> {f=> 'message digest'}}, {OUT=>"1413 1 f\n"}],
+     ['5s', '-s', {IN=> {f=> 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'}},
+                                        {OUT=>"2847 1 f\n"}],
+     ['6s', '-s', {IN=> {f=> join ('', 'A'..'Z', 'a'..'z', '0'..'9')}},
+                                        {OUT=>"5387 1 f\n"}],
+     ['7s', '-s', {IN=> {f=> '1234567890' x 8}}, {OUT=>"4200 1 f\n"}],
+    );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $prog = 'sum';
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/sync.sh b/tests/misc/sync.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d7cc92c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/sync.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test various sync(1) operations
+
+# Copyright (C) 2015-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ sync
+
+touch file || framework_failure_
+
+# fdatasync+syncfs is nonsensical
+returns_ 1 sync --data --file-system || fail=1
+
+# fdatasync needs an operand
+returns_ 1 sync -d || fail=1
+
+# Test syncing of file (fsync) (little side effects)
+sync file || fail=1
+
+# Test syncing of write-only file - which failed since adding argument
+# support to sync in coreutils-8.24.
+chmod 0200 file || framework_failure_
+sync file || fail=1
+
+# Ensure multiple args are processed and diagnosed
+returns_ 1 sync file nofile || fail=1
+
+# Ensure inaccessible dirs give an appropriate error
+mkdir norw || framework_failure_
+chmod 0 norw || framework_failure_
+if ! test -r norw; then
+  returns_ 1 sync norw 2>errt || fail=1
+  # AIX gives "Is a directory"
+  sed 's/Is a directory/Permission denied/' <errt >err || framework_failure_
+  printf "sync: error opening 'norw': Permission denied\n" >exp
+  compare exp err || fail=1
+fi
+
+if test "$fail" != '1'; then
+  # Ensure a fifo doesn't block
+  mkfifo_or_skip_ fifo
+  returns_ 124 timeout 10 sync fifo && fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/tac-2-nonseekable.sh b/tests/misc/tac-2-nonseekable.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..38c82a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/tac-2-nonseekable.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that tac works with non-seekable or quasi-seekable inputs
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tac
+
+echo x | tac - - > out 2> err || fail=1
+echo x > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# Make sure it works on funny files in /proc and /sys.
+
+for file in /proc/version /sys/kernel/profiling; do
+  if test -r $file; then
+    cp -f $file copy &&
+    tac copy > exp1 || framework_failure_
+
+    tac $file > out1 || fail=1
+    compare exp1 out1 || fail=1
+  fi
+done
+
+# Assume timeout is due to failure to close stdin with <&-
+# which was seen on NetBSD 7.1 / x86_64
+returns_ 124 timeout 10 tac - - <&- 2>err && skip_ 'error closing stdin'
+# This failed due to heap corruption from v8.15-v8.25 inclusive.
+returns_ 1 timeout 10 tac - - <&- 2>err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/tac-continue.sh b/tests/misc/tac-continue.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c7f98ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/tac-continue.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that tac processes all command line arguments, even
+# when it encounters an error with say the first one.
+# With coreutils-5.2.1 and earlier, this test would fail.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tac
+
+# See if the envvar is defined.
+if test x = "x$FULL_PARTITION_TMPDIR"; then
+  skip_ "FULL_PARTITION_TMPDIR not defined"
+fi
+
+if ! test -d "$FULL_PARTITION_TMPDIR"; then
+  echo "$0: $FULL_PARTITION_TMPDIR:" \
+    "\$FULL_PARTITION_TMPDIR does not specify a directory" 1>&2
+  Exit 1
+fi
+
+fp_tmp="$FULL_PARTITION_TMPDIR/tac-cont-$$"
+cleanup_()
+{
+  # Terminate any background process
+  # and remove tmp dir
+  rm -f "$fp_tmp"
+  kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid
+}
+
+# Make sure we can create an empty file there (i.e., no shortage of inodes).
+if ! touch $fp_tmp; then
+  echo "$0: $fp_tmp: cannot create empty file" 1>&2
+  Exit 1
+fi
+
+# Make sure that we fail when trying to create a file large enough
+# to consume a non-inode block.
+if seq 1000 > $fp_tmp 2>/dev/null; then
+  echo "$0: $FULL_PARTITION_TMPDIR: not a full partition" 1>&2
+  Exit 1
+fi
+
+seq 5 > in
+
+
+# Give tac a fifo command line argument.
+# This makes it try to create a temporary file in $TMPDIR.
+mkfifo_or_skip_ fifo
+seq 1000 > fifo & pid=$!
+TMPDIR=$FULL_PARTITION_TMPDIR tac fifo in >out 2>err && fail=1
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/tac.pl b/tests/misc/tac.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ad9fc17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/tac.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+my $prog = 'tac';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $bad_dir = 'no/such/dir';
+
+# This must be longer than 16KiB to trigger the double free in coreutils-8.5.
+my $long_line = 'o' x (16 * 1024 + 1);
+
+my @Tests =
+(
+  ['segfault', '-r', {IN=>"a\n"}, {IN=>"b\n"}, {OUT=>"a\nb\n"}],
+  ['segfault2','-r', {IN=>"a\nb\n"}, {IN=>"1\n2\n"}, {OUT=>"b\na\n2\n1\n"}],
+
+  ['basic-0', '', {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}],
+  ['basic-a', '', {IN=>"a"}, {OUT=>"a"}],
+  ['basic-b', '', {IN=>"\n"}, {OUT=>"\n"}],
+  ['basic-c', '', {IN=>"a\n"}, {OUT=>"a\n"}],
+  ['basic-d', '', {IN=>"a\nb"}, {OUT=>"ba\n"}],
+  ['basic-e', '', {IN=>"a\nb\n"}, {OUT=>"b\na\n"}],
+  ['basic-f', '', {IN=>"1234567\n8\n"}, {OUT=>"8\n1234567\n"}],
+  ['basic-g', '', {IN=>"12345678\n9\n"}, {OUT=>"9\n12345678\n"}],
+  ['basic-h', '', {IN=>"123456\n8\n"}, {OUT=>"8\n123456\n"}],
+  ['basic-i', '', {IN=>"12345\n8\n"}, {OUT=>"8\n12345\n"}],
+  ['basic-j', '', {IN=>"1234\n8\n"}, {OUT=>"8\n1234\n"}],
+  ['basic-k', '', {IN=>"123\n8\n"}, {OUT=>"8\n123\n"}],
+
+  ['nul-0', '-s ""', {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}],
+  ['nul-a', '-s ""', {IN=>"a"}, {OUT=>"a"}],
+  ['nul-b', '-s ""', {IN=>"\0"}, {OUT=>"\0"}],
+  ['nul-c', '-s ""', {IN=>"a\0"}, {OUT=>"a\0"}],
+  ['nul-d', '-s ""', {IN=>"a\0b"}, {OUT=>"ba\0"}],
+  ['nul-e', '-s ""', {IN=>"a\0b\0"}, {OUT=>"b\0a\0"}],
+
+  ['opt-b', '-b', {IN=>"\na\nb\nc"}, {OUT=>"\nc\nb\na"}],
+  ['opt-s', '-s:', {IN=>"a:b:c:"}, {OUT=>"c:b:a:"}],
+  ['opt-sb', qw(-s : -b), {IN=>":a:b:c"}, {OUT=>":c:b:a"}],
+  ['opt-r', qw(-r -s '\._+'),
+   {IN=>"1._2.__3.___4._"},
+   {OUT=>"4._3.___2.__1._"}],
+
+  ['opt-r2', qw(-r -s '\._+'),
+   {IN=>"a.___b.__1._2.__3.___4._"},
+   {OUT=>"4._3.___2.__1._b.__a.___"}],
+
+  # This gave incorrect output (.___4._2.__3._1) with tac-1.22.
+  ['opt-br', qw(-b -r -s '\._+'),
+   {IN=>"._1._2.__3.___4"}, {OUT=>".___4.__3._2._1"}],
+
+  ['opt-br2', qw(-b -r -s '\._+'),
+   {IN=>".__x.___y.____z._1._2.__3.___4"},
+   {OUT=>".___4.__3._2._1.____z.___y.__x"}],
+
+  ['pipe-bad-tmpdir',
+   {ENV => "TMPDIR=$bad_dir"},
+   {IN_PIPE => "a\n"},
+   {ERR_SUBST => "s,'$bad_dir': .*,...,"},
+   {ERR => "$prog: failed to create temporary file in ...\n"},
+   {EXIT => 1}],
+
+  # coreutils-8.5's tac would double-free its primary buffer.
+  ['double-free', {IN=>$long_line}, {OUT=>$long_line}],
+);
+
+@Tests = triple_test \@Tests;
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($prog, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/tail.pl b/tests/misc/tail.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c3b0a66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/tail.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test tail.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+my $prog = 'tail';
+my $normalize_strerror = "s/': .*/'/";
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my @tv = (
+# test name, options, input, expected output, expected return code
+#
+['obs-plus-c1', '+2c', 'abcd', 'bcd', 0],
+['obs-plus-c2', '+8c', 'abcd', '', 0],
+['obs-c3', '-1c', 'abcd', 'd', 0],
+['obs-c4', '-9c', 'abcd', 'abcd', 0],
+['obs-c5', '-12c', 'x' . ('y' x 12) . 'z', ('y' x 11) . 'z', 0],
+
+['obs-l1', '-1l', 'x', 'x', 0],
+['obs-l2', '-1l', "x\ny\n", "y\n", 0],
+['obs-l3', '-1l', "x\ny", "y", 0],
+['obs-plus-l4', '+1l', "x\ny\n", "x\ny\n", 0],
+['obs-plus-l5', '+2l', "x\ny\n", "y\n", 0],
+
+# Same as -l tests, but without the 'l'.
+['obs-1', '-1', 'x', 'x', 0],
+['obs-2', '-1', "x\ny\n", "y\n", 0],
+['obs-3', '-1', "x\ny", "y", 0],
+['obs-plus-4', '+1', "x\ny\n", "x\ny\n", 0],
+['obs-plus-5', '+2', "x\ny\n", "y\n", 0],
+
+# This is equivalent to +10c
+['obs-plus-x1', '+c', 'x' . ('y' x 10) . 'z', 'yyz', 0],
+# This is equivalent to +10l
+['obs-plus-x2', '+l', "x\n" . ("y\n" x 10) . 'z', "y\ny\nz", 0],
+# With no number, this is like -10l
+['obs-l', '-l', "x\n" . ("y\n" x 10) . 'z', ("y\n" x 9) . 'z', 0],
+
+['obs-b', '-b', "x\n" x (512 * 10 / 2 + 1), "x\n" x (512 * 10 / 2), 0],
+
+['err-1', '+cl', '', '', 1,
+ "$prog: cannot open '+cl' for reading: No such file or directory\n"],
+
+['err-2', '-cl', '', '', 1,
+ "$prog: invalid number of bytes: 'l'\n", $normalize_strerror],
+
+['err-3', '+2cz', '', '', 1,
+ "$prog: cannot open '+2cz' for reading: No such file or directory\n"],
+
+# This should get 'tail: invalid option -- 2'
+['err-4', '-2cX', '', '', 1,
+ "$prog: option used in invalid context -- 2\n"],
+
+# Since the number is larger than 2^64, this should provoke
+# the diagnostic: 'tail: 99999999999999999999: invalid number of bytes'
+# on all systems... probably, for now, maybe.
+['err-5', '-c99999999999999999999', '', '', 1,
+ "$prog: invalid number of bytes: '99999999999999999999'\n",
+ $normalize_strerror],
+['err-6', '-c --', '', '', 1,
+ "$prog: invalid number of bytes: '-'\n", $normalize_strerror],
+
+# Same as -n 10
+['minus-1', '-', '', '', 0],
+['minus-2', '-', "x\n" . ("y\n" x 10) . 'z', ("y\n" x 9) . 'z', 0],
+
+['c-2', '-c 2', "abcd\n", "d\n", 0],
+['c-2-minus', '-c 2 --', "abcd\n", "d\n", 0],
+['c2', '-c2', "abcd\n", "d\n", 0],
+['c2-minus', '-c2 --', "abcd\n", "d\n", 0],
+
+['n-1', '-n 10', "x\n" . ("y\n" x 10) . 'z', ("y\n" x 9) . 'z', 0],
+['n-2', '-n -10', "x\n" . ("y\n" x 10) . 'z', ("y\n" x 9) . 'z', 0],
+['n-3', '-n +10', "x\n" . ("y\n" x 10) . 'z', "y\ny\nz", 0],
+
+# Accept +0 as synonym for +1.
+['n-4',  '-n +0', "y\n" x 5, "y\n" x 5, 0],
+['n-4a', '-n +1', "y\n" x 5, "y\n" x 5, 0],
+
+# Note that -0 is *not* a synonym for -1.
+['n-5',  '-n -0', "y\n" x 5, '', 0],
+['n-5a', '-n -1', "y\n" x 5, "y\n", 0],
+['n-5b', '-n  0', "y\n" x 5, '', 0],
+
+# With textutils-1.22, this failed.
+['f-pipe-1', '-f -n 1', "a\nb\n", "b\n", 0],
+
+# --zero-terminated
+['zero-1', '-z -n 1', "x\0y", "y", 0],
+['zero-2', '-z -n 2', "x\0y", "x\0y", 0],
+);
+
+my @Tests;
+
+foreach my $t (@tv)
+  {
+    my ($test_name, $flags, $in, $exp, $ret, $err_msg, $err_sub) = @$t;
+    my $e = [$test_name, $flags, {IN=>$in}, {OUT=>$exp}];
+    $ret
+      and push @$e, {EXIT=>$ret}, {ERR=>$err_msg}, {ERR_SUBST=>$err_sub};
+
+    $test_name =~ /^minus-/
+      and push @$e, {ENV=>'_POSIX2_VERSION=199209'};
+
+    $test_name =~ /^(err-6|c-2)$/
+      and push @$e, {ENV=>'_POSIX2_VERSION=200112'};
+
+    $test_name =~ /^obs-plus-/
+      and push @$e, {ENV=>'_POSIX2_VERSION=200809'};
+
+    $test_name =~ /^f-pipe-/
+      and push @$e, {ENV=>'POSIXLY_CORRECT=1'};
+
+    push @Tests, $e;
+  }
+
+@Tests = triple_test \@Tests;
+
+# If you run the minus* tests with a FILE arg they'd hang.
+# If you run the err-1 or err-3 tests with a FILE, they'd misinterpret
+# the arg unless we are using the obsolete form.
+@Tests = grep { $_->[0] !~ /^(minus|err-[13])/ || $_->[0] =~ /\.[rp]$/ } @Tests;
+
+# Using redirection or a file would make this hang.
+@Tests = grep { $_->[0] !~ /^f-/ || $_->[0] =~ /\.p$/ } @Tests;
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($prog, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/tee.sh b/tests/misc/tee.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0bd91b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/tee.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# test for basic tee functionality.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tee
+
+echo line >sample || framework_failure_
+
+# POSIX says: "Processing of at least 13 file operands shall be supported."
+for n in 0 1 2 12 13; do
+  files=$(seq $n)
+  rm -f $files
+  tee $files <sample >out || fail=1
+  for f in out $files; do
+    compare sample $f || fail=1
+  done
+done
+
+# Ensure tee treats '-' as the name of a file, as mandated by POSIX.
+# Between v5.3.0 and v8.23, a '-' argument caused tee to send another
+# copy of input to standard output.
+tee - <sample >out 2>err || fail=1
+compare sample ./- || fail=1
+compare sample out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# Ensure tee exits early if no more writable outputs
+if test -w /dev/full && test -c /dev/full; then
+  yes | returns_ 1 timeout 10 tee /dev/full 2>err >/dev/full || fail=1
+  # Ensure an error for each of the 2 outputs
+  # (and no redundant errors for stdout).
+  test $(wc -l < err) = 2 || { cat err; fail=1; }
+
+
+  # Ensure we continue with outputs that are OK
+  seq 10000 > multi_read || framework_failure_
+
+  returns_ 1 tee /dev/full out2 2>err >out1 <multi_read || fail=1
+  cmp multi_read out1 || fail=1
+  cmp multi_read out2 || fail=1
+  # Ensure an error for failing output
+  test $(wc -l < err) = 1 || { cat err; fail=1; }
+
+  returns_ 1 tee out1 out2 2>err >/dev/full <multi_read || fail=1
+  cmp multi_read out1 || fail=1
+  cmp multi_read out2 || fail=1
+  # Ensure an error for failing output
+  test $(wc -l < err) = 1 || { cat err; fail=1; }
+fi
+
+
+# Ensure tee honors --output-error modes
+mkfifo_or_skip_ fifo
+read_fifo() { timeout 10 dd count=1 if=fifo of=/dev/null status=none & }
+
+# Determine platform sigpipe exit status
+read_fifo
+yes >fifo
+pipe_status=$?
+
+# Default operation is to continue on output errors but exit silently on SIGPIPE
+read_fifo
+yes | returns_ $pipe_status timeout 10 tee ./e/noent 2>err >fifo || fail=1
+test $(wc -l < err) = 1 || { cat err; fail=1; }
+
+# With -p, SIGPIPE is suppressed, exit 0 for EPIPE when all outputs finished
+read_fifo
+yes | timeout 10 tee -p 2>err >fifo || fail=1
+test $(wc -l < err) = 0 || { cat err; fail=1; }
+
+# With --output-error=warn, exit 1 for EPIPE when all outputs finished
+read_fifo
+yes | returns_ 1 timeout 10 tee --output-error=warn 2>err >fifo || fail=1
+test $(wc -l < err) = 1 || { cat err; fail=1; }
+
+# With --output-error=exit, exit 1 immediately for EPIPE
+read_fifo
+yes | returns_ 1 timeout 10 tee --output-error=exit /dev/null 2>err >fifo \
+  || fail=1
+test $(wc -l < err) = 1 || { cat err; fail=1; }
+
+# With --output-error=exit, exit 1 immediately on output error
+read_fifo
+yes | returns_ 1 timeout 10 tee --output-error=exit ./e/noent 2>err >fifo \
+  || fail=1
+test $(wc -l < err) = 1 || { cat err; fail=1; }
+
+# With --output-error=exit-nopipe, exit 0 for EPIPE
+read_fifo
+yes | timeout 10 tee --output-error=exit-nopipe 2>err >fifo || fail=1
+test $(wc -l < err) = 0 || { cat err; fail=1; }
+
+wait
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/test-N.sh b/tests/misc/test-N.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e3b1b56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/test-N.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test 'test -N file'.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2018-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ test stat
+
+stat_test_N() {
+  mtime=$(env stat -c '%.Y' "$1")
+  atime=$(env stat -c '%.X' "$1")
+  test "$mtime" = "$atime" && return 1
+  latest=$(printf '%s\n' "$mtime" "$atime" | sort -g | tail -n1)
+  test "$mtime" = "$latest"
+}
+
+# For a freshly touched file, atime should equal mtime: 'test -N' returns 1.
+touch file || framework_failure_
+if ! stat_test_N file; then
+  returns_ 1 env test -N file || fail=1
+fi
+
+# Set access time to 2 days ago: 'test -N' returns 0.
+touch -a -d '12:00 today -2 days' file || framework_failure_
+if stat_test_N file; then
+  env test -N file || fail=1
+fi
+
+# Set mtime to 2 days before atime: 'test -N' returns 1;
+touch -m -d '12:00 today -4 days' file || framework_failure_
+if ! stat_test_N file; then
+  returns_ 1 env test -N file || fail=1
+fi
+
+# Now modify the file: 'test -N' returns 0.
+echo 'data' > file || framework_failure_
+if stat_test_N file; then
+  env test -N file || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/test-diag.pl b/tests/misc/test-diag.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d00a4e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/test-diag.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test the diagnostics of "test".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     # In coreutils-5.93, this diagnostic lacked the newline.
+     ['o', '-o arg', {ERR => "test: '-o': unary operator expected\n"},
+      {ERR_SUBST => 's!^.*test:!test:!'},
+      {EXIT => 2}],
+    );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+my $prog = 'test';
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, \$prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/test.pl b/tests/misc/test.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b77ef71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/test.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+my $limits = getlimits ();
+
+my $prog = 'test';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+sub digest_test ($)
+{
+  my ($t) = @_;
+  my @args;
+  my $ret = 0;
+  my @list_of_hashref;
+  foreach my $e (@$t)
+    {
+      !ref $e
+        and push (@args, $e), next;
+      ref $e eq 'HASH'
+        or (warn "$0: $t->[0]: unexpected entry type\n"), next;
+
+      exists $e->{EXIT}
+        and $ret = $e->{EXIT}, next;
+
+      push @list_of_hashref, $e;
+    }
+  shift @args; # discard test name
+  my $flags = join ' ', @args;
+
+  return ($flags, $ret, \@list_of_hashref);
+}
+
+sub add_inverse_op_tests($)
+{
+  my ($tests) = @_;
+  my @new;
+
+  my %inverse_op =
+    (
+     eq => 'ne',
+     lt => 'ge',
+     gt => 'le',
+    );
+
+  foreach my $t (@$tests)
+    {
+      push @new, $t;
+
+      my $test_name = $t->[0];
+      my ($flags, $ret, $LoH) = digest_test $t;
+
+      # Generate corresponding tests of inverse ops.
+      # E.g. generate tests of '-ge' from those of '-lt'.
+      foreach my $op (qw(gt lt eq))
+        {
+          if ($test_name =~ /$op-/ && $flags =~ / -$op /)
+            {
+              my $inv = $inverse_op{$op};
+              $test_name =~ s/$op/$inv/;
+              $flags =~ s/-$op/-$inv/;
+              $ret = 1 - $ret;
+              push (@new, [$test_name, $flags, {EXIT=>$ret}, @$LoH]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  return @new;
+}
+
+sub add_pn_tests($)
+{
+  my ($tests) = @_;
+  my @new;
+
+  # Generate parenthesized and negated versions of each test.
+  # There are a few exceptions.
+  my %not_N   = map {$_ => 1} qw (1a);
+  my %not_P   = map {$_ => 1} qw (1a
+                                  streq-6 strne-6
+                                  paren-1 paren-2 paren-3 paren-4 paren-5);
+  foreach my $t (@$tests)
+    {
+      push @new, $t;
+
+      my $test_name = $t->[0];
+      my ($flags, $ret, $LoH) = digest_test $t;
+      next if $ret == 2;
+
+      push (@new, ["N-$test_name", "! $flags", {EXIT=>1-$ret}, @$LoH])
+        unless $not_N{$test_name};
+      push (@new, ["P-$test_name", "'(' $flags ')'", {EXIT=>$ret}, @$LoH])
+        unless $not_P{$test_name};
+      push (@new, ["NP-$test_name", "! '(' $flags ')'", {EXIT=>1-$ret}, @$LoH])
+        unless $not_P{$test_name};
+      push (@new, ["NNP-$test_name", "! ! '(' $flags ')'", {EXIT=>$ret, @$LoH}])
+        unless $not_P{$test_name};
+    }
+
+  return @new;
+}
+
+my @Tests =
+(
+  ['1a', {EXIT=>1}],
+  ['1b', qw(-z '')],
+  ['1c', 'any-string'],
+  ['1d', qw(-n any-string)],
+  ['1e', "''", {EXIT=>1}],
+  ['1f', '-'],
+  ['1g', '--'],
+  ['1h', '-0'],
+  ['1i', '-f'],
+  ['1j', '--help'],
+  ['1k', '--version'],
+
+  ['streq-1', qw(t = t)],
+  ['streq-2', qw(t = f), {EXIT=>1}],
+  ['streqeq-1', qw(t == t)],
+  ['streqeq-2', qw(t == f), {EXIT=>1}],
+  ['streq-3', qw(! = !)],
+  ['streq-4', qw(= = =)],
+  ['streq-5', "'(' = '('"],
+  ['streq-6', "'(' = ')'", {EXIT=>1}],
+  ['strne-1', qw(t != t), {EXIT=>1}],
+  ['strne-2', qw(t != f)],
+  ['strne-3', qw(! != !), {EXIT=>1}],
+  ['strne-4', qw(= != =), {EXIT=>1}],
+  ['strne-5', "'(' != '('", {EXIT=>1}],
+  ['strne-6', "'(' != ')'"],
+
+  ['and-1', qw(t -a t)],
+  ['and-2', qw('' -a t), {EXIT=>1}],
+  ['and-3', qw(t -a ''), {EXIT=>1}],
+  ['and-4', qw('' -a ''), {EXIT=>1}],
+
+  ['or-1', qw(t -o t)],
+  ['or-2', qw('' -o t)],
+  ['or-3', qw(t -o '')],
+  ['or-4', qw('' -o ''), {EXIT=>1}],
+
+  ['eq-1', qw(9 -eq 9)],
+  ['eq-2', qw(0 -eq 0)],
+  ['eq-3', qw(0 -eq 00)],
+  ['eq-4', qw(8 -eq 9), {EXIT=>1}],
+  ['eq-5', qw(1 -eq 0), {EXIT=>1}],
+  ['eq-6', "$limits->{UINTMAX_OFLOW} -eq 0", {EXIT=>1}],
+
+  ['gt-1', qw(5 -gt 5), {EXIT=>1}],
+  ['gt-2', qw(5 -gt 4)],
+  ['gt-3', qw(4 -gt 5), {EXIT=>1}],
+  ['gt-4', qw(-1 -gt -2)],
+  ['gt-5', "$limits->{UINTMAX_OFLOW} -gt $limits->{INTMAX_UFLOW}"],
+
+  ['lt-1', qw(5 -lt 5), {EXIT=>1}],
+  ['lt-2', qw(5 -lt 4), {EXIT=>1}],
+  ['lt-3', qw(4 -lt 5)],
+  ['lt-4', qw(-1 -lt -2), {EXIT=>1}],
+  ['lt-5', "$limits->{INTMAX_UFLOW} -lt $limits->{UINTMAX_OFLOW}"],
+
+  ['inv-1', qw(0x0 -eq 00), {EXIT=>2},
+   {ERR=>"$prog: invalid integer '0x0'\n"}],
+
+  ['t1', "-t"],
+  ['t2', qw(-t 1), {EXIT=>1}],
+
+  ['paren-1', "'(' '' ')'", {EXIT=>1}],
+  ['paren-2', "'(' '(' ')'"],
+  ['paren-3', "'(' ')' ')'"],
+  ['paren-4', "'(' ! ')'"],
+  ['paren-5', "'(' -a ')'"],
+);
+
+@Tests = add_inverse_op_tests \@Tests;
+@Tests = add_pn_tests \@Tests;
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($prog, \$prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/time-style.sh b/tests/misc/time-style.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c900075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/time-style.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test --time-style in programs like 'ls'.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2016-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ du
+print_ver_ ls
+print_ver_ pr
+
+echo hello >a || framework_failure_
+
+# The tests assume this is an old timestamp in northern hemisphere summer.
+TZ=UTC0 touch -d '1970-07-08 09:10:11' a || framework_failure_
+
+for tz in UTC0 PST8 PST8PDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0 XXXYYY-12:30; do
+  for style in full-iso long-iso iso locale '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z (%Z)' \
+               +%%b%b%%b%b; do
+    test "$style" = locale ||
+      TZ=$tz LC_ALL=C du --time --time-style="$style" a >>duout 2>>err || fail=1
+    TZ=$tz LC_ALL=C ls -no --time-style="$style" a >>lsout 2>>err || fail=1
+    case $style in
+      (+*) TZ=$tz LC_ALL=C pr -D"$style" a >>prout 2>>err || fail=1 ;;
+    esac
+  done
+done
+
+sed 's/[^	]*	//' duout >dued || framework_failure_
+sed 's/[^ ]* *[^ ]* *[^ ]* *[^ ]* *//' lsout >lsed || framework_failure_
+sed '/^$/d' prout >pred || framework_failure_
+
+cat <<\EOF > duexp || framework_failure_
+1970-07-08 09:10:11.000000000 +0000	a
+1970-07-08 09:10	a
+1970-07-08	a
+1970-07-08 09:10:11 +0000 (UTC)	a
+%bJul%bJul	a
+1970-07-08 01:10:11.000000000 -0800	a
+1970-07-08 01:10	a
+1970-07-08	a
+1970-07-08 01:10:11 -0800 (PST)	a
+%bJul%bJul	a
+1970-07-08 02:10:11.000000000 -0700	a
+1970-07-08 02:10	a
+1970-07-08	a
+1970-07-08 02:10:11 -0700 (PDT)	a
+%bJul%bJul	a
+1970-07-08 21:40:11.000000000 +1230	a
+1970-07-08 21:40	a
+1970-07-08	a
+1970-07-08 21:40:11 +1230 (XXXYYY)	a
+%bJul%bJul	a
+EOF
+
+cat <<\EOF > lsexp || framework_failure_
+1970-07-08 09:10:11.000000000 +0000 a
+1970-07-08 09:10 a
+1970-07-08  a
+Jul  8  1970 a
+1970-07-08 09:10:11 +0000 (UTC) a
+%bJul%bJul a
+1970-07-08 01:10:11.000000000 -0800 a
+1970-07-08 01:10 a
+1970-07-08  a
+Jul  8  1970 a
+1970-07-08 01:10:11 -0800 (PST) a
+%bJul%bJul a
+1970-07-08 02:10:11.000000000 -0700 a
+1970-07-08 02:10 a
+1970-07-08  a
+Jul  8  1970 a
+1970-07-08 02:10:11 -0700 (PDT) a
+%bJul%bJul a
+1970-07-08 21:40:11.000000000 +1230 a
+1970-07-08 21:40 a
+1970-07-08  a
+Jul  8  1970 a
+1970-07-08 21:40:11 +1230 (XXXYYY) a
+%bJul%bJul a
+EOF
+
+cat <<\EOF > prexp || framework_failure_
++1970-07-08 09:10:11 +0000 (UTC)                a                 Page 1
+hello
++%bJul%bJul                           a                           Page 1
+hello
++1970-07-08 01:10:11 -0800 (PST)                a                 Page 1
+hello
++%bJul%bJul                           a                           Page 1
+hello
++1970-07-08 02:10:11 -0700 (PDT)                a                 Page 1
+hello
++%bJul%bJul                           a                           Page 1
+hello
++1970-07-08 21:40:11 +1230 (XXXYYY)               a               Page 1
+hello
++%bJul%bJul                           a                           Page 1
+hello
+EOF
+
+compare duexp dued || fail=1
+compare lsexp lsed || fail=1
+compare prexp pred || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/timeout-blocked.pl b/tests/misc/timeout-blocked.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0ea6a86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/timeout-blocked.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test that timeout handles blocked SIGALRM from its parent.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $ME = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+eval { require POSIX; };
+$@
+  and CuSkip::skip "$ME: this script requires Perl's POSIX module\n";
+
+use POSIX qw(:signal_h);
+my $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGALRM); # define the signals to block
+my $old_sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new;      # where the old sigmask will be kept
+unless (defined sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, $sigset, $old_sigset)) {
+  CuSkip::skip "$ME: sigprocmask failed; skipped";
+}
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     # test-name, [option, option, ...] {OUT=>"expected-output"}
+     #
+
+     ['block-alrm',  ".1 sleep 10", {EXIT => 124}],
+    );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $prog = 'timeout';
+my $fail = run_tests ($ME, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/timeout-group.sh b/tests/misc/timeout-group.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..27cfdb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/timeout-group.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# test program group handling
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ timeout
+require_trap_signame_
+require_kill_group_
+
+# construct a program group hierarchy as follows:
+#  timeout-group - foreground group
+#    group.sh - separate group
+#      timeout.cmd - same group as group.sh
+#
+# We then send a SIGINT to the "separate group"
+# to simulate what happens when a Ctrl-C
+# is sent to the foreground group.
+
+setsid true || skip_ "setsid required to control groups"
+
+printf '%s\n' '#!'"$SHELL" > timeout.cmd || framework_failure_
+cat >> timeout.cmd <<\EOF
+trap 'touch int.received; exit' INT
+touch timeout.running
+count=$1
+until test -e int.received || test $count = 0; do
+  sleep 1
+  count=$(expr $count - 1)
+done
+EOF
+chmod a+x timeout.cmd
+
+cat > group.sh <<EOF
+#!$SHELL
+trap '' INT
+timeout --foreground 25 ./timeout.cmd 20&
+wait
+EOF
+chmod a+x group.sh
+
+check_timeout_cmd_running()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+  test -e timeout.running ||
+    { sleep $delay; return 1; }
+}
+
+# Terminate any background processes
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+# Start above script in its own group.
+# We could use timeout for this, but that assumes an implementation.
+setsid ./group.sh & pid=$!
+# Wait 6.3s for timeout.cmd to start
+retry_delay_ check_timeout_cmd_running .1 6 || fail=1
+# Simulate a Ctrl-C to the group to test timely exit
+kill -INT -- -$pid
+wait
+test -e int.received || fail=1
+
+rm -f int.received timeout.running
+
+
+# Ensure cascaded timeouts work
+# or more generally, ensure we timeout
+# commands that create their own group
+# This didn't work before 8.13.
+
+start=$(date +%s)
+
+# Note the first timeout must send a signal that
+# the second is handling for it to be propagated to the command.
+# SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGALRM etc. are implicit.
+timeout -sALRM 30 timeout -sINT 25 ./timeout.cmd 20 & pid=$!
+# Wait 6.3s for timeout.cmd to start
+retry_delay_ check_timeout_cmd_running .1 6 || fail=1
+kill -ALRM $pid # trigger the alarm of the first timeout command
+wait $pid
+ret=$?
+test $ret -eq 124 ||
+  skip_ "timeout returned $ret. SIGALRM not handled?"
+test -e int.received || fail=1
+
+end=$(date +%s)
+
+test $(expr $end - $start) -lt 20 ||
+  skip_ "timeout.cmd didn't receive a signal until after sleep?"
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/timeout-large-parameters.sh b/tests/misc/timeout-large-parameters.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..dc7c88b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/timeout-large-parameters.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Validate large timeout parameters
+# Separated from standard parameter testing due to kernel overflow bugs.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ timeout
+getlimits_
+
+# It was seen on 32 bit Linux/HPPA and OpenIndiana 11
+# that a kernel time_t overflowing cause the timer to fire immediately.
+# This is still racy, but unlikely to cause an issue unless
+# timeout can't process the timer firing within 3 seconds.
+timeout $TIME_T_OFLOW sleep 3
+if test $? = 124; then
+  skip_ 'timeout $TIME_T_OFLOW ..., timed out immediately!'
+fi
+
+# timeout overflow
+timeout $UINT_OFLOW sleep 0 || fail=1
+
+# timeout overflow
+timeout ${TIME_T_OFLOW}d sleep 0 || fail=1
+
+# floating point notation
+timeout 2.34e+5d sleep 0 || fail=1
+
+# floating point overflow
+timeout $LDBL_MAX sleep 0 || fail=1
+returns_ 125 timeout -- -$LDBL_MAX sleep 0 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/timeout-parameters.sh b/tests/misc/timeout-parameters.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8c8c29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/timeout-parameters.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Validate timeout parameter combinations
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ timeout env
+getlimits_
+
+
+# internal errors are 125, distinct from execution failure
+
+# invalid timeout
+returns_ 125 timeout invalid sleep 0 || fail=1
+
+# invalid kill delay
+returns_ 125 timeout --kill-after=invalid 1 sleep 0 || fail=1
+
+# invalid timeout suffix
+returns_ 125 timeout 42D sleep 0 || fail=1
+
+# floating point notation
+timeout 10.34 sleep 0 || fail=1
+
+# nanoseconds potentially supported
+timeout 9.999999999 sleep 0 || fail=1
+
+# invalid signal spec
+returns_ 125 timeout --signal=invalid 1 sleep 0 || fail=1
+
+# invalid command
+returns_ 126 env . && { returns_ 126 timeout 10 . || fail=1; }
+
+# no such command
+returns_ 127 timeout 10 no_such || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/timeout.sh b/tests/misc/timeout.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..dc6dc96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/timeout.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Validate timeout basic operation
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ timeout
+require_trap_signame_
+
+# no timeout
+timeout 10 true || fail=1
+
+# no timeout (suffix check)
+timeout 1d true || fail=1
+
+# disabled timeout
+timeout 0 true || fail=1
+
+# exit status propagation
+returns_ 2 timeout 10 sh -c 'exit 2' || fail=1
+
+# timeout
+returns_ 124 timeout .1 sleep 10 || fail=1
+
+# exit status propagation even on timeout
+# exit status should be 128+TERM
+returns_ 124 timeout --preserve-status .1 sleep 10 && fail=1
+
+# kill delay. Note once the initial timeout triggers,
+# the exit status will be 124 even if the command
+# exits on its own accord.
+# exit status should be 128+KILL
+returns_ 124 timeout -s0 -k1 .1 sleep 10 && fail=1
+# Ensure a consistent exit status with --foreground
+returns_ 124 timeout --foreground -s0 -k1 .1 sleep 10 && fail=1
+
+# Ensure 'timeout' is immune to parent's SIGCHLD handler
+# Use a subshell and an exec to work around a bug in FreeBSD 5.0 /bin/sh.
+(
+  trap '' CHLD
+
+  exec timeout 10 true
+) || fail=1
+
+# Don't be confused when starting off with a child (Bug#9098).
+out=$(sleep .1 & exec timeout .5 sh -c 'sleep 2; echo foo')
+status=$?
+test "$out" = "" && test $status = 124 || fail=1
+
+# Verify --verbose output
+cat > exp <<\EOF
+timeout: sending signal EXIT to command 'sleep'
+timeout: sending signal KILL to command 'sleep'
+EOF
+for opt in -v --verbose; do
+  timeout $opt -s0 -k .1 .1 sleep 10 2> errt
+  sed '/^Killed/d' < errt > err || framework_failure_
+  compare exp err || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/tr-case-class.sh b/tests/misc/tr-case-class.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..09108e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/tr-case-class.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test case conversion classes
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tr
+
+# Ensure we support translation of case classes with extension
+echo '01234567899999999999999999' > exp
+echo 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' |
+tr '[:lower:]' '0-9' > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+echo 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' |
+tr '[:lower:][:lower:]' '[:upper:]0-9' > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Validate the alignment of case classes
+returns_ 1 tr 'A-Z[:lower:]' 'a-y[:upper:]' </dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 tr '[:upper:][:lower:]' 'a-y[:upper:]' </dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 tr 'A-Y[:lower:]' 'a-z[:upper:]' </dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 tr 'A-Z[:lower:]' '[:lower:][:upper:]' </dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 tr 'A-Z[:lower:]' '[:lower:]A-Z' </dev/null || fail=1
+tr '[:upper:][:lower:]' 'a-z[:upper:]' < /dev/null || fail=1
+tr '[:upper:][:lower:]' '[:upper:]a-z' < /dev/null || fail=1
+
+# Before coreutils 8.6 the trailing space in string1
+# caused the case class in string2 to be extended.
+# However that was not portable, dependent on locale
+# and in contravention of POSIX.
+tr '[:upper:] ' '[:lower:]' < /dev/null 2>out && fail=1
+echo 'tr: when translating with string1 longer than string2,
+the latter string must not end with a character class' > exp
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Up to coreutils-6.9, tr rejected an unmatched [:lower:] or [:upper:] in SET1.
+echo '#$%123abcABC' | tr '[:lower:]' '[.*]' > out || fail=1
+echo '#$%123...ABC' > exp
+compare exp out || fail=1
+echo '#$%123abcABC' | tr '[:upper:]' '[.*]' > out || fail=1
+echo '#$%123abc...' > exp
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# When doing a case-converting translation with something after the
+# [:upper:] and [:lower:] elements, ensure that tr honors the following byte.
+echo 'abc.' | tr '[:lower:].' '[:upper:]x' > out || fail=1
+echo 'ABCx' > exp
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Before coreutils 8.6 the disparate number of upper and lower
+# characters in some locales, triggered abort()s and invalid behavior
+export LC_ALL=en_US.ISO-8859-1
+
+if test "$(locale charmap 2>/dev/null)" = ISO-8859-1; then
+  # Up to coreutils-6.9.91, this would fail with the diagnostic:
+  # tr: misaligned [:upper:] and/or [:lower:] construct
+  # with LC_CTYPE=en_US.ISO-8859-1.
+  tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' < /dev/null || fail=1
+
+  tr '[:upper:] ' '[:lower:]' < /dev/null 2>out && fail=1
+  echo 'tr: when translating with string1 longer than string2,
+the latter string must not end with a character class' > exp
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+
+  # Ensure when there are a different number of elements
+  # in each string, we validate the case mapping correctly
+  echo 'abc.xyz' |
+  tr 'ab[:lower:]' '0-1[:upper:]' > out || fail=1
+  echo 'ABC.XYZ' > exp
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+
+  # Ensure we extend string2 appropriately
+  echo 'ABC- XYZ' |
+  tr '[:upper:]- ' '[:lower:]_' > out || fail=1
+  echo 'abc__xyz' > exp
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+
+  # Ensure the size of the case classes are accounted
+  # for as a unit.
+  echo 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' |
+  tr '[:upper:]A-B' '[:lower:]0' >out || fail=1
+  echo '00cdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' > exp
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+
+  # Ensure the size of the case classes are accounted
+  # for as a unit.
+  echo 'a' |
+  tr -t '[:lower:]a' '[:upper:]0' >out || fail=1
+  echo '0' > exp
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+
+  # Ensure the size of the case classes are accounted
+  # for as a unit.
+  echo 'a' |
+  tr -t '[:lower:][:lower:]a' '[:lower:][:upper:]0' >out || fail=1
+  echo '0' > exp
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+fi
+
+# coreutils 8.6 - 8.32 inclusive, would abort trying to validate the following
+returns_ 1 tr -c '[:upper:]\000-\370' '[:lower:]' < /dev/null || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/tr.pl b/tests/misc/tr.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..76bcfbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/tr.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+my $prog = 'tr';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $map_all_to_1 =
+  "$prog: when translating with complemented character classes,\n"
+    . "string2 must map all characters in the domain to one\n";
+
+my @Tests =
+(
+  ['1', qw(abcd '[]*]'),   {IN=>'abcd'}, {OUT=>']]]]'}],
+  ['2', qw(abc '[%*]xyz'), {IN=>'abc'}, {OUT=>'xyz'}],
+  ['3', qw('' '[.*]'),     {IN=>'abc'}, {OUT=>'abc'}],
+
+  # Test --truncate-set1 behavior when string1 is longer than string2
+  ['4', qw(-t abcd xy), {IN=>'abcde'}, {OUT=>'xycde'}],
+  # Test bsd behavior (the default) when string1 is longer than string2
+  ['5', qw(abcd xy), {IN=>'abcde'}, {OUT=>'xyyye'}],
+  # Do it the posix way
+  ['6', qw(abcd 'x[y*]'), {IN=>'abcde'}, {OUT=>'xyyye'}],
+  ['7', qw(-s a-p '%[.*]$'), {IN=>'abcdefghijklmnop'}, {OUT=>'%.$'}],
+  ['8', qw(-s a-p '[.*]$'), {IN=>'abcdefghijklmnop'}, {OUT=>'.$'}],
+  ['9', qw(-s a-p '%[.*]'), {IN=>'abcdefghijklmnop'}, {OUT=>'%.'}],
+  ['a', qw(-s '[a-z]'), {IN=>'aabbcc'}, {OUT=>'abc'}],
+  ['b', qw(-s '[a-c]'), {IN=>'aabbcc'}, {OUT=>'abc'}],
+  ['c', qw(-s '[a-b]'), {IN=>'aabbcc'}, {OUT=>'abcc'}],
+  ['d', qw(-s '[b-c]'), {IN=>'aabbcc'}, {OUT=>'aabc'}],
+  ['e', qw(-s '[\0-\5]'),
+   {IN=>"\0\0a\1\1b\2\2\2c\3\3\3d\4\4\4\4e\5\5"}, {OUT=>"\0a\1b\2c\3d\4e\5"}],
+  # tests of delete
+  ['f', qw(-d '[=[=]'), {IN=>'[[[[[[[]]]]]]]]'}, {OUT=>']]]]]]]]'}],
+  ['g', qw(-d '[=]=]'), {IN=>'[[[[[[[]]]]]]]]'}, {OUT=>'[[[[[[['}],
+  ['h', qw(-d '[:xdigit:]'), {IN=>'0123456789acbdefABCDEF'}, {OUT=>''}],
+  ['i', qw(-d '[:xdigit:]'), {IN=>'w0x1y2z3456789acbdefABCDEFz'},
+   {OUT=>'wxyzz'}],
+  ['j', qw(-d '[:digit:]'), {IN=>'0123456789'}, {OUT=>''}],
+  ['k', qw(-d '[:digit:]'),
+   {IN=>'a0b1c2d3e4f5g6h7i8j9k'}, {OUT=>'abcdefghijk'}],
+  ['l', qw(-d '[:lower:]'), {IN=>'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'}, {OUT=>''}],
+  ['m', qw(-d '[:upper:]'), {IN=>'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'}, {OUT=>''}],
+  ['n', qw(-d '[:lower:][:upper:]'),
+   {IN=>'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'}, {OUT=>''}],
+  ['o', qw(-d '[:alpha:]'),
+   {IN=>'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'}, {OUT=>''}],
+  ['p', qw(-d '[:alnum:]'),
+   {IN=>'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'},
+   {OUT=>''}],
+  ['q', qw(-d '[:alnum:]'),
+   {IN=>'.abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789.'},
+   {OUT=>'..'}],
+  ['r', qw(-ds '[:alnum:]' .),
+   {IN=>'.abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789.'},
+   {OUT=>'.'}],
+
+  # The classic example, with string2 BSD-style
+  ['s', qw(-cs '[:alnum:]' '\n'),
+   {IN=>'The big black fox jumped over the fence.'},
+   {OUT=>"The\nbig\nblack\nfox\njumped\nover\nthe\nfence\n"}],
+
+  # The classic example, POSIX-style
+  ['t', qw(-cs '[:alnum:]' '[\n*]'),
+   {IN=>'The big black fox jumped over the fence.'},
+   {OUT=>"The\nbig\nblack\nfox\njumped\nover\nthe\nfence\n"}],
+  ['u', qw(-ds b a), {IN=>'aabbaa'}, {OUT=>'a'}],
+  ['v', qw(-ds '[:xdigit:]' Z), {IN=>'ZZ0123456789acbdefABCDEFZZ'}, {OUT=>'Z'}],
+
+  # Try some data with 8th bit set in case something is mistakenly
+  # sign-extended.
+  ['w', qw(-ds '\350' '\345'),
+   {IN=>"\300\301\377\345\345\350\345"},
+   {OUT=>"\300\301\377\345"}],
+  ['x', qw(-s abcdefghijklmn '[:*016]'),
+   {IN=>'abcdefghijklmnop'}, {OUT=>':op'}],
+  ['y', qw(-d a-z), {IN=>'abc $code'}, {OUT=>' $'}],
+  ['z', qw(-ds a-z '$.'), {IN=>'a.b.c $$$$code\\'}, {OUT=>'. $\\'}],
+
+  # Make sure that a-a is accepted.
+  ['range-a-a', qw(a-a z), {IN=>'abc'}, {OUT=>'zbc'}],
+  #
+  ['null', qw(a ''), {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+   {ERR=>"$prog: when not truncating set1, string2 must be non-empty\n"}],
+  ['upcase', qw('[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'),
+   {IN=>'abcxyzABCXYZ'},
+   {OUT=>'ABCXYZABCXYZ'}],
+  ['dncase', qw('[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'),
+   {IN=>'abcxyzABCXYZ'},
+   {OUT=>'abcxyzabcxyz'}],
+  #
+  ['rep-cclass', qw('a[=*2][=c=]' xyyz), {IN=>'a=c'}, {OUT=>'xyz'}],
+  ['rep-1', qw('[:*3][:digit:]' a-m), {IN=>':1239'}, {OUT=>'cefgm'}],
+  ['rep-2', qw('a[b*512]c' '1[x*]2'), {IN=>'abc'}, {OUT=>'1x2'}],
+  ['rep-3', qw('a[b*513]c' '1[x*]2'), {IN=>'abc'}, {OUT=>'1x2'}],
+  # Another couple octal repeat count tests.
+  ['o-rep-1', qw('[b*08]' '[x*]'), {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+   {ERR=>"$prog: invalid repeat count '08' in [c*n] construct\n"}],
+  ['o-rep-2', qw('[b*010]cd' '[a*7]BC[x*]'), {IN=>'bcd'}, {OUT=>'BCx'}],
+
+  ['esc', qw('a\-z' A-Z), {IN=>'abc-z'}, {OUT=>'AbcBC'}],
+  ['bs-055', qw('a\055b' def), {IN=>"a\055b"}, {OUT=>'def'}],
+  ['bs-at-end', qw('\\' x), {IN=>"\\"}, {OUT=>'x'},
+   {ERR=>"$prog: warning: an unescaped backslash at end of "
+    . "string is not portable\n"}],
+
+  #
+  # From Ross
+  ['ross-0a', qw(-cs '[:upper:]' 'X[Y*]'), {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+   {ERR=>$map_all_to_1}],
+  ['ross-0b', qw(-cs '[:cntrl:]' 'X[Y*]'), {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+   {ERR=>$map_all_to_1}],
+  ['ross-1a', qw(-cs '[:upper:]' '[X*]'),
+   {IN=>'AMZamz123.-+AMZ'}, {OUT=>'AMZXAMZ'}],
+  ['ross-1b', qw(-cs '[:upper:][:digit:]' '[Z*]'), {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}],
+  ['ross-2', qw(-dcs '[:lower:]' n-rs-z),
+   {IN=>'amzAMZ123.-+amz'}, {OUT=>'amzamz'}],
+  ['ross-3', qw(-ds '[:xdigit:]' '[:alnum:]'),
+   {IN=>'.ZABCDEFGzabcdefg.0123456788899.GG'}, {OUT=>'.ZGzg..G'}],
+  ['ross-4', qw(-dcs '[:alnum:]' '[:digit:]'), {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}],
+  ['ross-5', qw(-dc '[:lower:]'), {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}],
+  ['ross-6', qw(-dc '[:upper:]'), {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}],
+
+  # Ensure that these fail.
+  # Prior to 2.0.20, each would evoke a failed assertion.
+  ['empty-eq', qw('[==]' x), {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+   {ERR=>"$prog: missing equivalence class character '[==]'\n"}],
+  ['empty-cc', qw('[::]' x), {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
+   {ERR=>"$prog: missing character class name '[::]'\n"}],
+
+  # Weird repeat counts.
+  ['repeat-bs-9', qw(abc '[b*\9]'), {IN=>'abcd'}, {OUT=>'[b*d'}],
+  ['repeat-0', qw(abc '[b*0]'), {IN=>'abcd'}, {OUT=>'bbbd'}],
+  ['repeat-zeros', qw(abc '[b*00000000000000000000]'),
+   {IN=>'abcd'}, {OUT=>'bbbd'}],
+  ['repeat-compl', qw(-c '[a*65536]\n' '[b*]'), {IN=>'abcd'}, {OUT=>'abbb'}],
+  ['repeat-xC', qw(-C '[a*65536]\n' '[b*]'), {IN=>'abcd'}, {OUT=>'abbb'}],
+
+  # From Glenn Fowler.
+  ['fowler-1', qw(ah -H), {IN=>'aha'}, {OUT=>'-H-'}],
+
+  # Up to coreutils-6.9, this would provoke a failed assertion.
+  ['no-abort-1', qw(-c a '[b*256]'), {IN=>'abc'}, {OUT=>'abb'}],
+);
+
+@Tests = triple_test \@Tests;
+
+# tr takes its input only from stdin, not from a file argument, so
+# remove the tests that provide file arguments and keep only the ones
+# generated by triple_test (identifiable by their .r and .p suffixes).
+@Tests = grep {$_->[0] =~ /\.[pr]$/} @Tests;
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($prog, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/truncate-dangling-symlink.sh b/tests/misc/truncate-dangling-symlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..80a6a24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/truncate-dangling-symlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure truncate can create a file through a dangling symlink.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ truncate
+
+ln -s truncate-target t-symlink
+
+truncate -s0 t-symlink || fail=1
+
+test -f truncate-target || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/truncate-dir-fail.sh b/tests/misc/truncate-dir-fail.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e74cd46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/truncate-dir-fail.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure truncate fails for a directory.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ truncate
+
+# truncate on dir not allowed
+returns_ 1 truncate -s+0 . || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/truncate-fail-diag.sh b/tests/misc/truncate-fail-diag.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6e11d15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/truncate-fail-diag.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure truncate gives reasonable diagnostics
+# Note open() checks for trailing '/' before checking for existence
+# open (".", O_CREAT & (O_WRONLY | O_RDWR), ...) -> EISDIR
+# open ("missing/", O_CREAT & (O_WRONLY | O_RDWR), ...) -> EISDIR
+# open ("missing/file", O_CREAT & (O_WRONLY | O_RDWR), ...) -> ENOENT
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ truncate
+skip_if_root_
+
+
+d1=no
+
+dir=$d1/such-dir
+truncate -s0 $dir > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+cat <<EOF > exp
+truncate: cannot open '$dir' for writing: No such file or directory
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+dir=$d1/
+truncate -s0 $dir > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+#The following can be returned at least
+#truncate: cannot open '$dir' for writing: Not a directory
+#truncate: cannot open '$dir' for writing: Is a directory
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/truncate-fifo.sh b/tests/misc/truncate-fifo.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4c91f8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/truncate-fifo.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure truncate works on fifos without hanging
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ truncate
+
+mkfifo_or_skip_ fifo
+
+timeout 10 truncate -s0 fifo
+test "$?" = 124 && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/truncate-no-create-missing.sh b/tests/misc/truncate-no-create-missing.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2b1802c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/truncate-no-create-missing.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that truncate -c no-such-file doesn't fail.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ truncate
+
+
+# truncate -c no-such-file should not fail.
+truncate -s0 -c no-such-file || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/truncate-overflow.sh b/tests/misc/truncate-overflow.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d06ad57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/truncate-overflow.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Validate truncate integer overflow
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ truncate
+getlimits_
+
+
+# -= overflow
+truncate -s-1 create-zero-len-file || fail=1
+
+echo > non-empty-file
+
+# signed overflow
+returns_ 1 truncate -s$OFF_T_OFLOW file || fail=1
+
+# += signed overflow
+returns_ 1 truncate -s+$OFF_T_MAX non-empty-file || fail=1
+
+# *= signed overflow
+IO_BLOCK_OFLOW=$(expr $OFF_T_MAX / $(stat -f -c%s .) + 1)
+returns_ 1 truncate --io-blocks --size=$IO_BLOCK_OFLOW file || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/truncate-owned-by-other.sh b/tests/misc/truncate-owned-by-other.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0b3836f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/truncate-owned-by-other.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Demonstrate that "truncate -s0 writable-but-owned-by-other" works.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ truncate
+
+require_root_
+
+# Create a file owned by root, and writable by $NON_ROOT_USERNAME.
+echo > root-owned || framework_failure_
+chgrp +$NON_ROOT_GID . root-owned || framework_failure_
+chmod g+w root-owned
+
+# Ensure that the current directory is searchable by $NON_ROOT_USERNAME.
+chmod g+x .
+
+chroot --skip-chdir --user=$NON_ROOT_USERNAME / env PATH="$PATH" \
+  truncate -s0 root-owned || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/truncate-parameters.sh b/tests/misc/truncate-parameters.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..826ea63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/truncate-parameters.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Validate truncate parameter combinations
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ truncate
+
+
+# must specify at least 1 file
+returns_ 1 truncate --size=0 || fail=1
+
+# must specify size. don't default to 0
+returns_ 1 truncate file || fail=1
+
+# mixture of absolute size & reference not allowed
+returns_ 1 truncate --size=0 --reference=file file || fail=1
+
+# blocks without size is not valid
+returns_ 1 truncate --io-blocks --reference=file file || fail=1
+
+# must specify valid numbers
+returns_ 1 truncate --size="invalid" file || fail=1
+
+# spaces not significant around size
+returns_ 1 truncate --size="> -1" file || fail=1
+truncate --size=" >1" file || fail=1 #file now 1
+truncate --size=" +1" file || fail=1 #file now 2
+test $(stat --format %s file) = 2 || fail=1
+
+# reference allowed with relative size
+truncate --size=" +1" -r file file || fail=1 #file now 3
+test $(stat --format %s file) = 3 || fail=1
+
+# reference allowed alone also
+truncate -r file file || fail=1 #file still 3
+test $(stat --format %s file) = 3 || fail=1
+truncate -r file file2 || fail=1 #file2 now 3
+test $(stat --format %s file2) = 3 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/truncate-relative.sh b/tests/misc/truncate-relative.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9f7a2bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/truncate-relative.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Validate truncate relative sizes
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ truncate
+
+
+# mixture of relative modifiers not allowed
+returns_ 1 truncate --size="+>0" file || fail=1
+
+# mixture of relative modifiers not allowed
+returns_ 1 truncate --size=">+0" file || fail=1
+
+# division by zero
+returns_ 1 truncate --size="/0" file || fail=1
+
+# division by zero
+returns_ 1 truncate --size="%0" file || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/tsort.pl b/tests/misc/tsort.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7580180
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/tsort.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test "tsort".
+
+# Copyright (C) 1999-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my @Tests =
+  (
+   ['cycle-1', {IN => {f => "t b\nt s\ns t\n"}}, {OUT => "s\nt\nb\n"},
+    {EXIT => 1},
+    {ERR => "tsort: f: input contains a loop:\ntsort: s\ntsort: t\n"} ],
+   ['cycle-2', {IN => {f => "t x\nt s\ns t\n"}}, {OUT => "s\nt\nx\n"},
+    {EXIT => 1},
+    {ERR => "tsort: f: input contains a loop:\ntsort: s\ntsort: t\n"} ],
+
+   ['posix-1', {IN => "a b c c d e\ng g\nf g e f\nh h\n"},
+    {OUT => "a\nc\nd\nh\nb\ne\nf\ng\n"}],
+   ['posix-2', {IN => "b a\nd c\nz h x h r h\n"},
+    {OUT => "b\nd\nr\nx\nz\na\nc\nh\n"}],
+
+   ['linear-1', {IN => "a b b c c d d e e f f g\n"},
+    {OUT => "a\nb\nc\nd\ne\nf\ng\n"}],
+
+   ['tree-1', {IN => "a b b c c d d e e f f g\nc x x y y z\n"},
+    {OUT => "a\nb\nc\nx\nd\ny\ne\nz\nf\ng\n"}],
+   ['tree-2', {IN => "a b b c c d d e e f f g\nc x x y y z\nf r r s s t\n"},
+    {OUT => "a\nb\nc\nx\nd\ny\ne\nz\nf\nr\ng\ns\nt\n"}],
+
+   # Before coreutils-5.0.1, given an odd number of input tokens,
+   # tsort would accept that and treat the input as if an additional
+   # copy of the final token were appended.
+   ['odd', {IN => "a\n"},
+    {EXIT => 1},
+    {ERR => "tsort: odd.1: input contains an odd number of tokens\n"}],
+
+   ['only-one', {IN => {f => ""}}, {IN => {g => ""}},
+    {EXIT => 1},
+    {ERR => "tsort: extra operand 'g'\n"
+     . "Try 'tsort --help' for more information.\n"}],
+  );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $prog = 'tsort';
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/tty-eof.pl b/tests/misc/tty-eof.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..291460f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/tty-eof.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test whether programs exit upon a single EOF from a tty.
+# Ensure that e.g., cat exits upon a single EOF (^D) from a tty.
+# Do the same for all programs that can read stdin,
+# require no arguments and that write to standard output.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+(my $ME = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Some older versions of Expect.pm (e.g. 1.07) lack the log_user method,
+# so check for that, too.
+eval { require Expect; Expect->require_version('1.11') };
+$@
+  and CuSkip::skip "$ME: this script requires Perl's Expect package >=1.11\n";
+
+{
+  my $fail = 0;
+  my @stdin_reading_commands = qw(
+    b2sum
+    base32
+    base64
+    cat
+    cksum
+    dd
+    expand
+    fmt
+    fold
+    head
+    md5sum
+    nl
+    od
+    paste
+    pr
+    ptx
+    sha1sum
+    sha224sum
+    sha256sum
+    sha384sum
+    sha512sum
+    shuf
+    sort
+    sum
+    tac
+    tail
+    tee
+    tsort
+    unexpand
+    uniq
+    wc
+  );
+  my $stderr = 'tty-eof.err';
+  foreach my $cmd ((@stdin_reading_commands), 'basenc --z85', 'cut -f2',
+                   'numfmt --invalid=ignore')
+    {
+      my $exp = new Expect;
+      $exp->log_user(0);
+      $ENV{built_programs} =~ /\b$cmd\b/ || next;
+      $exp->spawn("$cmd 2> $stderr")
+        or (warn "$ME: cannot run '$cmd': $!\n"), $fail=1, next;
+      # No input for cut -f2.
+      $cmd =~ /^cut/
+        or $exp->send("a b\n");
+      $exp->send("\cD");  # This is Control-D.  FIXME: what if that's not EOF?
+      $exp->expect (0, '-re', "^a b\\r?\$");
+      my $found = $exp->expect (1, '-re', "^.+\$");
+      $found and warn "F: $found: " . $exp->exp_match () . "\n";
+      $exp->expect(10, 'eof');
+      # Expect no output from cut, since we gave it no input.
+      defined $found || $cmd =~ /^cut/
+        or (warn "$ME: $cmd didn't produce expected output\n"),
+          $fail=1, next;
+      defined $exp->exitstatus
+        or (warn "$ME: $cmd didn't exit after ^D from standard input\n"),
+          $fail=1, next;
+      my $s = $exp->exitstatus;
+      $s == 0
+        or (warn "$ME: $cmd exited with status $s (expected 0)\n"),
+          $fail=1;
+      $exp->hard_close();
+
+      # dd normally writes to stderr.  If it exits successfully, we're done.
+      $cmd eq 'dd' && $s == 0
+        and next;
+
+      if (-s $stderr)
+        {
+          warn "$ME: $cmd wrote to stderr:\n";
+          system "cat $stderr";
+          $fail = 1;
+        }
+    }
+  continue
+    {
+      unlink $stderr
+        or warn "$ME: failed to remove stderr file from $cmd, $stderr: $!\n";
+    }
+
+  exit $fail
+}
diff --git a/tests/misc/tty.sh b/tests/misc/tty.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c87ec59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/tty.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test 'tty'.
+
+# Copyright 2017-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# Make sure there's a tty on stdin.
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tty
+
+if test -t 0; then
+  tty || fail=1
+  tty -s || fail=1
+fi
+
+returns_ 1 tty </dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 tty -s </dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 tty <&- 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 tty -s <&- || fail=1
+
+returns_ 2 tty a || fail=1
+returns_ 2 tty -s a || fail=1
+
+if test -w /dev/full && test -c /dev/full; then
+  if test -t 0; then
+    returns_ 3 tty >/dev/full || fail=1
+  fi
+  returns_ 3 tty </dev/null >/dev/full || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/unexpand.pl b/tests/misc/unexpand.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2e1906f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/unexpand.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test "unexpand".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+my $limits = getlimits ();
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $prog = 'unexpand';
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['a1', {IN=> ' 'x 1 ."y\n"}, {OUT=> ' 'x 1 ."y\n"}],
+     ['a2', {IN=> ' 'x 2 ."y\n"}, {OUT=> ' 'x 2 ."y\n"}],
+     ['a3', {IN=> ' 'x 3 ."y\n"}, {OUT=> ' 'x 3 ."y\n"}],
+     ['a4', {IN=> ' 'x 4 ."y\n"}, {OUT=> ' 'x 4 ."y\n"}],
+     ['a5', {IN=> ' 'x 5 ."y\n"}, {OUT=> ' 'x 5 ."y\n"}],
+     ['a6', {IN=> ' 'x 6 ."y\n"}, {OUT=> ' 'x 6 ."y\n"}],
+     ['a7', {IN=> ' 'x 7 ."y\n"}, {OUT=> ' 'x 7 ."y\n"}],
+     ['a8', {IN=> ' 'x 8 ."y\n"}, {OUT=> "\ty\n"}],
+
+     ['aa-1', '-a', {IN=> 'w'.' 'x 1 ."y\n"}, {OUT=> 'w'.' 'x 1 ."y\n"}],
+     ['aa-2', '-a', {IN=> 'w'.' 'x 2 ."y\n"}, {OUT=> 'w'.' 'x 2 ."y\n"}],
+     ['aa-3', '-a', {IN=> 'w'.' 'x 3 ."y\n"}, {OUT=> 'w'.' 'x 3 ."y\n"}],
+     ['aa-4', '-a', {IN=> 'w'.' 'x 4 ."y\n"}, {OUT=> 'w'.' 'x 4 ."y\n"}],
+     ['aa-5', '-a', {IN=> 'w'.' 'x 5 ."y\n"}, {OUT=> 'w'.' 'x 5 ."y\n"}],
+     ['aa-6', '-a', {IN=> 'w'.' 'x 6 ."y\n"}, {OUT=> 'w'.' 'x 6 ."y\n"}],
+     ['aa-7', '-a', {IN=> 'w'.' 'x 7 ."y\n"}, {OUT=> "w\ty\n"}],
+     ['aa-8', '-a', {IN=> 'w'.' 'x 8 ."y\n"}, {OUT=> "w\t y\n"}],
+
+     ['b-1', '-t', '2,4', {IN=> "      ."}, {OUT=>"\t\t  ."}],
+     # These would infloop prior to textutils-2.0d.
+
+     ['infloop-1', '-t', '1,2', {IN=> " \t\t .\n"}, {OUT=>"\t\t\t .\n"}],
+     ['infloop-2', '-t', '4,5', {IN=> ' 'x4 . "\t\t \n"}, {OUT=>"\t\t\t \n"}],
+     ['infloop-3', '-t', '2,3', {IN=> "x \t\t \n"}, {OUT=>"x\t\t\t \n"}],
+     ['infloop-4', '-t', '1,2', {IN=> " \t\t   \n"}, {OUT=>"\t\t\t   \n"}],
+     ['c-1', '-t', '1,2', {IN=> "x\t\t .\n"}, {OUT=>"x\t\t .\n"}],
+
+     # -t implies -a
+     # Feature addition (--first-only) prompted by a report from Jie Xu.
+     ['tabs-1', qw(-t 3),              {IN=> "   a  b\n"}, {OUT=>"\ta\tb\n"}],
+     ['tabs-2', qw(-t 3 --first-only), {IN=> "   a  b\n"}, {OUT=>"\ta  b\n"}],
+
+     # blanks
+     ['blanks-1', qw(-t 1), {IN=> " b  c   d\n"}, {OUT=> "\tb\t\tc\t\t\td\n"}],
+     ['blanks-2', qw(-t 1), {IN=> "a \n"}, {OUT=> "a \n"}],
+     ['blanks-3', qw(-t 1), {IN=> "a  \n"}, {OUT=> "a\t\t\n"}],
+     ['blanks-4', qw(-t 1), {IN=> "a   \n"}, {OUT=> "a\t\t\t\n"}],
+     ['blanks-5', qw(-t 1), {IN=> "a "}, {OUT=> "a "}],
+     ['blanks-6', qw(-t 1), {IN=> "a  "}, {OUT=> "a\t\t"}],
+     ['blanks-7', qw(-t 1), {IN=> "a   "}, {OUT=> "a\t\t\t"}],
+     ['blanks-8', qw(-t 1), {IN=> " a a  a\n"}, {OUT=> "\ta a\t\ta\n"}],
+     ['blanks-9', qw(-t 2), {IN=> "   a  a  a\n"}, {OUT=> "\t a\ta\t a\n"}],
+     ['blanks-10', '-t', '3,4', {IN=> "0 2 4 6\t8\n"}, {OUT=> "0 2 4 6\t8\n"}],
+     ['blanks-11', '-t', '3,4', {IN=> "    4\n"}, {OUT=> "\t\t4\n"}],
+     ['blanks-12', '-t', '3,4', {IN=> "01  4\n"}, {OUT=> "01\t\t4\n"}],
+     ['blanks-13', '-t', '3,4', {IN=> "0   4\n"}, {OUT=> "0\t\t4\n"}],
+
+     # POSIX says spaces should only follow tabs. Also a single
+     # trailing space is not converted to a tab, when before
+     # a field starting with non blanks
+     ['posix-1', '-a', {IN=> "1234567   \t1\n"}, {OUT=>"1234567\t\t1\n"}],
+     ['posix-2', '-a', {IN=> "1234567  \t1\n"},  {OUT=>"1234567\t\t1\n"}],
+     ['posix-3', '-a', {IN=> "1234567 \t1\n"},   {OUT=>"1234567\t\t1\n"}],
+     ['posix-4', '-a', {IN=> "1234567\t1\n"},    {OUT=>"1234567\t1\n"}],
+     ['posix-5', '-a', {IN=> "1234567  1\n"},    {OUT=>"1234567\t 1\n"}],
+     ['posix-6', '-a', {IN=> "1234567 1\n"},     {OUT=>"1234567 1\n"}],
+
+     # It is debatable whether this test should require an environment
+     # setting of e.g., _POSIX2_VERSION=1.
+     ['obs-ovflo', "-$limits->{UINTMAX_OFLOW}", {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''},
+      {EXIT => 1}, {ERR => "$prog: tab stop value is too large\n"}],
+
+
+     # Test input with backspaces '\b' ('bs1' is the baseline, without \b)
+     # Note: If users report errors in these tests, copy&pasting results from
+     # their terminate output might be confusing due to '\b' overriding
+     # characters. For details see '\b' tests in 'expand.pl'.
+     ['bs1', '-a -t4', {IN=>"aa  c\n"},    {OUT=>"aa\tc\n"}],
+     ['bs2', '-a -t4', {IN=>"aa\b  c\n"},  {OUT=>"aa\b  c\n"}],
+     ['bs3', '-a -t4', {IN=>"aa\b   c\n"}, {OUT=>"aa\b\tc\n"}],
+     ['bs4', '-a -t3', {IN=>"aa\b  c\n"},  {OUT=>"aa\b\tc\n"}],
+
+     # Undocumented feature:
+     #   treat "unexpand -7"  as "unexpand --first-only --tabs 7" ,
+     #   and   "unexpand -90" as "unexpand --first-only --tabs 90",
+     ['u1', '-a -3',    {IN=>"a  b  c"}, {OUT=>"a\tb\tc"}],
+     ['u2', '-a -4,9',  {IN=>"a   b    c"}, {OUT=>"a\tb\tc"}],
+     ['u3', '-a -11',   {IN=>"a          b"}, {OUT=>"a\tb"}],
+     # Test all digits (for full code coverage)
+     ['u4', '-a -2,6',  {IN=>"a b   c"}, {OUT=>"a b\tc"}],
+     ['u5', '-a -7',    {IN=>"a      b"},    {OUT=>"a\tb"}],
+     ['u6', '-a -8',    {IN=>"a       b"},    {OUT=>"a\tb"}],
+     # This syntax is handled internally as "-3, -9"
+     ['u7', '-a -3,9',  {IN=>"a  b     c"}, {OUT=>"a\tb\tc"}],
+     # Default (without -a) is --first-only:
+     ['u8', '-3',  {IN=>"   a   b"}, {OUT=>"\ta   b"}],
+
+     # Arguably this should minimize translation as is done on Solaris.
+     # I.e., not modify the input.  But since the result is equivalent,
+     # and to be consistent in output with older versions, we output
+     # a '\t' rather than a space for the second tab position.
+     # For more detailed comparison with other implementations see:
+     # https://lists.gnu.org/r/coreutils/2016-06/msg00015.html
+     # https://lists.gnu.org/r/coreutils/2016-07/msg00011.html
+     ['ts1', '-t8,9', {IN=>"x\t \t y\n"},    {OUT=>"x\t\t\t y\n"}],
+     # There is no ambiguity here. This should always be the output.
+     ['ts2', '-t5,8', {IN=>"x\t \t y\n"},    {OUT=>"x\t\t y\n"}],
+    );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/uniq-collate.sh b/tests/misc/uniq-collate.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8f2cfcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/uniq-collate.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# before coreutils-8.32, uniq would not distinguish
+# items which compared equal with strcoll()
+# So ensure we avoid strcoll() for the following cases.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2020-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ uniq printf
+
+gen_input()
+{
+  env LC_ALL=$LOCALE_FR_UTF8 printf "$@" > in || framework_failure_
+}
+
+# strcoll() used to return 0 comparing the following strings
+# which was fixed somewhere between glibc-2.22 and glibc-2.30
+gen_input '%s\n' 'ⁿᵘˡˡ' 'ܥܝܪܐܩ'
+test $(LC_ALL=$LOCALE_FR_UTF8 uniq < in | wc -l) = 2 || fail=1
+
+# normalization in strcoll is inconsistent across platforms.
+# glibc based systems at least do _not_ normalize in strcoll,
+# while cygwin systems for example may do so.
+# á composed and decomposed, are generally not compared equal
+gen_input '\u00E1\na\u0301\n'
+test $(LC_ALL=$LOCALE_FR_UTF8 uniq < in | wc -l) = 2 || fail=1
+# Similarly with the following equivalent hangul characters
+gen_input '\uAC01\n\u1100\u1161\u11A8\n'
+test $(LC_ALL=ko_KR.utf8 uniq < in | wc -l) = 2 || fail=1
+
+# Note if running in the wrong locale,
+# strcoll may indicate the strings match when they don't.
+# I.e., cjk and hangul will now work even if
+# uniq is running in the wrong locale
+# hangul (ko_KR.utf8)
+gen_input '\uAC00\n\uAC01\n'
+test $(LC_ALL=en_US.utf8 uniq < in | wc -l) = 2 || fail=1
+# CJK (zh_CN.utf8)
+gen_input '\u3400\n\u3401\n'
+test $(LC_ALL=en_US.utf8 uniq < in | wc -l) = 2 || fail=1
+
+# Note strcoll() ignores certain characters,
+# but not if the strings are otherwise equal.
+# I.e., the following on glibc-2.30 at least,
+# as expected, does not print a single item,
+# but testing here for illustration
+gen_input ',a\n.a\n'
+test $(LC_ALL=$LOCALE_FR_UTF8 uniq < in | wc -l) = 2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/uniq-perf.sh b/tests/misc/uniq-perf.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..41cde32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/uniq-perf.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# before coreutils-8.10, seq 100000|uniq -f 10000000000 would run for days
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ uniq
+
+seq 100 > in || fail=1
+timeout 10 uniq -f 10000000000 in || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/uniq.pl b/tests/misc/uniq.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..aa163cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/uniq.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test uniq.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+my $limits = getlimits ();
+
+my $prog = 'uniq';
+my $try = "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n";
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+# When possible, create a "-z"-testing variant of each test.
+sub add_z_variants($)
+{
+  my ($tests) = @_;
+  my @new;
+ TEST:
+  foreach my $t (@$tests)
+    {
+      push @new, $t;
+
+      # skip the obsolete-syntax tests
+      $t->[0] =~ /^obs-plus/
+        and next;
+
+      my @args;
+      my @list_of_hash;
+
+      foreach my $e (@$t)
+        {
+          !ref $e
+            and push (@args, $e), next;
+
+          ref $e && ref $e eq 'HASH'
+            or (warn "$0: $t->[0]: unexpected entry type\n"), next;
+          my $tmp = $e;
+          foreach my $k (qw(IN OUT))
+            {
+              my $val = $e->{$k};
+              # skip any test whose input or output already contains a NUL byte
+              if (defined $val)
+                {
+                  $val =~ /\0/
+                    and next TEST;
+
+                  # Convert each NL in input or output to \0.
+                  $val =~ s/\n/\0/g;
+                  $tmp = {$k => $val};
+                  last;
+                }
+            }
+          push @list_of_hash, $tmp;
+        }
+
+      shift @args; # discard test name
+
+      # skip any test that uses the -z option
+      grep /z/, @args
+        and next;
+
+      push @new, ["$t->[0]-z", '-z', @args, @list_of_hash];
+    }
+  return @new;
+}
+
+my @Tests =
+(
+ ['1', '', {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}],
+ ['2', '', {IN=>"a\na\n"}, {OUT=>"a\n"}],
+ ['3', '', {IN=>"a\na"}, {OUT=>"a\n"}],
+ ['4', '', {IN=>"a\nb"}, {OUT=>"a\nb\n"}],
+ ['5', '', {IN=>"a\na\nb"}, {OUT=>"a\nb\n"}],
+ ['6', '', {IN=>"b\na\na\n"}, {OUT=>"b\na\n"}],
+ ['7', '', {IN=>"a\nb\nc\n"}, {OUT=>"a\nb\nc\n"}],
+
+ # Ensure that newlines are not interpreted with -z.
+ ['2z', '-z', {IN=>"a\na\n"}, {OUT=>"a\na\n\0"}],
+ ['3z', '-z', {IN=>"a\na"}, {OUT=>"a\na\0"}],
+ ['4z', '-z', {IN=>"a\nb"}, {OUT=>"a\nb\0"}],
+ ['5z', '-z', {IN=>"a\na\nb"}, {OUT=>"a\na\nb\0"}],
+ ['10z', '-z -f1', {IN=>"a\nb\n\0c\nb\n\0"}, {OUT=>"a\nb\n\0"}],
+ ['20z', '-dz', {IN=>"a\na\n"}, {OUT=>""}],
+
+ # Make sure that eight bit characters work
+ ['8', '', {IN=>"ö\nv\n"}, {OUT=>"ö\nv\n"}],
+ # Test output of -u option; only unique lines
+ ['9', '-u', {IN=>"a\na\n"}, {OUT=>""}],
+ ['10', '-u', {IN=>"a\nb\n"}, {OUT=>"a\nb\n"}],
+ ['11', '-u', {IN=>"a\nb\na\n"}, {OUT=>"a\nb\na\n"}],
+ ['12', '-u', {IN=>"a\na\n"}, {OUT=>""}],
+ ['13', '-u', {IN=>"a\na\n"}, {OUT=>""}],
+ #['5',  '-u',  "a\na\n",          "",                0],
+ # Test output of -d option; only repeated lines
+ ['20', '-d', {IN=>"a\na\n"}, {OUT=>"a\n"}],
+ ['21', '-d', {IN=>"a\nb\n"}, {OUT=>""}],
+ ['22', '-d', {IN=>"a\nb\na\n"}, {OUT=>""}],
+ ['23', '-d', {IN=>"a\na\nb\n"}, {OUT=>"a\n"}],
+ # Check the key options
+ # If we skip over fields or characters, is the output deterministic?
+ ['obs30', '-1', {IN=>"a a\nb a\n"}, {OUT=>"a a\n"}],
+ ['31', qw(-f 1), {IN=>"a a\nb a\n"}, {OUT=>"a a\n"}],
+ ['32', qw(-f 1), {IN=>"a a\nb b\n"}, {OUT=>"a a\nb b\n"}],
+ ['33', qw(-f 1), {IN=>"a a a\nb a c\n"}, {OUT=>"a a a\nb a c\n"}],
+ ['34', qw(-f 1), {IN=>"b a\na a\n"}, {OUT=>"b a\n"}],
+ ['35', qw(-f 2), {IN=>"a a c\nb a c\n"}, {OUT=>"a a c\n"}],
+ # Skip over characters.
+ ['obs-plus40', '+1', {IN=>"aaa\naaa\n"}, {OUT=>"aaa\n"}],
+ ['obs-plus41', '+1', {IN=>"baa\naaa\n"}, {OUT=>"baa\n"}],
+ ['42', qw(-s 1), {IN=>"aaa\naaa\n"}, {OUT=>"aaa\n"}],
+ ['43', qw(-s 2), {IN=>"baa\naaa\n"}, {OUT=>"baa\n"}],
+ ['obs-plus44', qw(+1 --), {IN=>"aaa\naaa\n"}, {OUT=>"aaa\n"}],
+ ['obs-plus45', qw(+1 --), {IN=>"baa\naaa\n"}, {OUT=>"baa\n"}],
+ # Skip over fields and characters
+ ['50', qw(-f 1 -s 1), {IN=>"a aaa\nb ab\n"}, {OUT=>"a aaa\nb ab\n"}],
+ ['51', qw(-f 1 -s 1), {IN=>"a aaa\nb aaa\n"}, {OUT=>"a aaa\n"}],
+ ['52', qw(-s 1 -f 1), {IN=>"a aaa\nb ab\n"}, {OUT=>"a aaa\nb ab\n"}],
+ ['53', qw(-s 1 -f 1), {IN=>"a aaa\nb aaa\n"}, {OUT=>"a aaa\n"}],
+ # Fixed in 2.0.15
+ ['54', qw(-s 4), {IN=>"abc\nabcd\n"}, {OUT=>"abc\n"}],
+ # Supported in 2.0.15
+ ['55', qw(-s 0), {IN=>"abc\nabcd\n"}, {OUT=>"abc\nabcd\n"}],
+ ['56', qw(-s 0), {IN=>"abc\n"}, {OUT=>"abc\n"}],
+ ['57', qw(-w 0), {IN=>"abc\nabcd\n"}, {OUT=>"abc\n"}],
+ # Only account for a number of characters
+ ['60', qw(-w 1), {IN=>"a a\nb a\n"}, {OUT=>"a a\nb a\n"}],
+ ['61', qw(-w 3), {IN=>"a a\nb a\n"}, {OUT=>"a a\nb a\n"}],
+ ['62', qw(-w 1 -f 1), {IN=>"a a a\nb a c\n"}, {OUT=>"a a a\n"}],
+ ['63', qw(-f 1 -w 1), {IN=>"a a a\nb a c\n"}, {OUT=>"a a a\n"}],
+ # The blank after field one is checked too
+ ['64', qw(-f 1 -w 4), {IN=>"a a a\nb a c\n"}, {OUT=>"a a a\nb a c\n"}],
+ ['65', qw(-f 1 -w 3), {IN=>"a a a\nb a c\n"}, {OUT=>"a a a\n"}],
+ # Make sure we don't break if the file contains \0
+ ['90', '', {IN=>"a\0a\na\n"}, {OUT=>"a\0a\na\n"}],
+ # Check fields separated by tabs and by spaces
+ ['91', '', {IN=>"a\ta\na a\n"}, {OUT=>"a\ta\na a\n"}],
+ ['92', qw(-f 1), {IN=>"a\ta\na a\n"}, {OUT=>"a\ta\na a\n"}],
+ ['93', qw(-f 2), {IN=>"a\ta a\na a a\n"}, {OUT=>"a\ta a\n"}],
+ ['94', qw(-f 1), {IN=>"a\ta\na\ta\n"}, {OUT=>"a\ta\n"}],
+ # Check the count option; add tests for other options too
+ ['101', '-c', {IN=>"a\nb\n"}, {OUT=>"      1 a\n      1 b\n"}],
+ ['102', '-c', {IN=>"a\na\n"}, {OUT=>"      2 a\n"}],
+ # Check the local -D (--all-repeated) option
+ ['110', '-D', {IN=>"a\na\n"}, {OUT=>"a\na\n"}],
+ ['111', qw(-D -w1), {IN=>"a a\na b\n"}, {OUT=>"a a\na b\n"}],
+ ['112', qw(-D -c), {IN=>"a a\na b\n"}, {OUT=>""}, {EXIT=>1}, {ERR=>
+  "$prog: printing all duplicated lines and repeat counts is meaningless\n$try"}
+  ],
+ ['113', '--all-repeated=separate', {IN=>"a\na\n"}, {OUT=>"a\na\n"}],
+ ['114', '--all-repeated=separate',
+  {IN=>"a\na\nb\nc\nc\n"}, {OUT=>"a\na\n\nc\nc\n"}],
+ ['115', '--all-repeated=separate',
+  {IN=>"a\na\nb\nb\nc\n"}, {OUT=>"a\na\n\nb\nb\n"}],
+ ['116', '--all-repeated=prepend', {IN=>"a\na\n"}, {OUT=>"\na\na\n"}],
+ ['117', '--all-repeated=prepend',
+  {IN=>"a\na\nb\nc\nc\n"}, {OUT=>"\na\na\n\nc\nc\n"}],
+ ['118', '--all-repeated=prepend', {IN=>"a\nb\n"}, {OUT=>""}],
+ ['119', '--all-repeated=badoption', {IN=>"a\n"}, {OUT=>""}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid argument 'badoption' for '--all-repeated'\n"
+        . "Valid arguments are:\n"
+        . "  - 'none'\n"
+        . "  - 'prepend'\n"
+        . "  - 'separate'\n"
+        . $try}],
+ # Check that -d and -u suppress all output, as POSIX requires.
+ ['120', qw(-d -u), {IN=>"a\na\n\b"}, {OUT=>""}],
+ ['121', "-d -u -w$limits->{UINTMAX_OFLOW}", {IN=>"a\na\n\b"}, {OUT=>""}],
+ ['122', "-d -u -w$limits->{SIZE_OFLOW}", {IN=>"a\na\n\b"}, {OUT=>""}],
+ # Check that --zero-terminated is synonymous with -z.
+ ['123', '--zero-terminated', {IN=>"a\na\nb"}, {OUT=>"a\na\nb\0"}],
+ ['124', '--zero-terminated', {IN=>"a\0a\0b"}, {OUT=>"a\0b\0"}],
+ # Check ignore-case
+ ['125', '',              {IN=>"A\na\n"}, {OUT=>"A\na\n"}],
+ ['126', '-i',            {IN=>"A\na\n"}, {OUT=>"A\n"}],
+ ['127', '--ignore-case', {IN=>"A\na\n"}, {OUT=>"A\n"}],
+ # Check grouping
+ ['128', '--group=prepend', {IN=>"a\na\nb\n"}, {OUT=>"\na\na\n\nb\n"}],
+ ['129', '--group=append',  {IN=>"a\na\nb\n"}, {OUT=>"a\na\n\nb\n\n"}],
+ ['130', '--group=separate',{IN=>"a\na\nb\n"}, {OUT=>"a\na\n\nb\n"}],
+ # no explicit grouping = separate
+ ['131', '--group',         {IN=>"a\na\nb\n"}, {OUT=>"a\na\n\nb\n"}],
+ ['132', '--group=both',    {IN=>"a\na\nb\n"}, {OUT=>"\na\na\n\nb\n\n"}],
+ # Grouping in the special case of a single group
+ ['133', '--group=prepend', {IN=>"a\na\n"}, {OUT=>"\na\na\n"}],
+ ['134', '--group=append',  {IN=>"a\na\n"}, {OUT=>"a\na\n\n"}],
+ ['135', '--group=separate',{IN=>"a\na\n"}, {OUT=>"a\na\n"}],
+ ['136', '--group',         {IN=>"a\na\n"}, {OUT=>"a\na\n"}],
+ # Grouping with empty input - should never print anything
+ ['137', '--group=prepend',  {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}],
+ ['138', '--group=append',   {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}],
+ ['139', '--group=separate', {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}],
+ ['140', '--group=both',     {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}],
+ # Grouping with other options - must fail
+ ['141', '--group -c',       {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: --group is mutually exclusive with -c/-d/-D/-u\n" .
+        "Try 'uniq --help' for more information.\n"}],
+ ['142', '--group -d',       {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: --group is mutually exclusive with -c/-d/-D/-u\n" .
+        "Try 'uniq --help' for more information.\n"}],
+ ['143', '--group -u',       {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: --group is mutually exclusive with -c/-d/-D/-u\n" .
+        "Try 'uniq --help' for more information.\n"}],
+ ['144', '--group -D',       {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: --group is mutually exclusive with -c/-d/-D/-u\n" .
+        "Try 'uniq --help' for more information.\n"}],
+ # Grouping with badoption
+ ['145', '--group=badoption',{IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}, {EXIT=>1},
+  {ERR=>"$prog: invalid argument 'badoption' for '--group'\n" .
+        "Valid arguments are:\n" .
+        "  - 'prepend'\n" .
+        "  - 'append'\n" .
+        "  - 'separate'\n" .
+        "  - 'both'\n" .
+        "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}],
+);
+
+# Locale related tests
+
+my $locale = $ENV{LOCALE_FR};
+if ( defined $locale && $locale ne 'none' )
+  {
+    # I've only ever triggered the problem in a non-C locale.
+
+    # See if isblank returns true for nbsp.
+    my $x = qx!env printf '\xa0'| LC_ALL=$locale tr '[:blank:]' x!;
+    # If so, expect just one line of output in the schar test.
+    # Otherwise, expect two.
+    my $in = " y z\n\xa0 y z\n";
+    my $schar_exp = $x eq 'x' ? " y z\n" : $in;
+
+    my @Locale_Tests =
+    (
+      # Test for a subtle, system-and-locale-dependent bug in uniq.
+      ['schar', '-f1',  {IN => $in}, {OUT => $schar_exp},
+        {ENV => "LC_ALL=$locale"}]
+    );
+
+    push @Tests, @Locale_Tests;
+  }
+
+
+# Set _POSIX2_VERSION=199209 in the environment of each obs-plus* test.
+foreach my $t (@Tests)
+  {
+    $t->[0] =~ /^obs-plus/
+      and push @$t, {ENV=>'_POSIX2_VERSION=199209'};
+  }
+
+@Tests = add_z_variants \@Tests;
+@Tests = triple_test \@Tests;
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($prog, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/usage_vs_getopt.sh b/tests/misc/usage_vs_getopt.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a489acc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/usage_vs_getopt.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify that all options mentioned in usage are recognized by getopt.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2017-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+
+checkprg () {
+  prg="$1"
+
+  # Get stderr output for unrecognized options for later use as a pattern.
+  # Also consider the expected exit status of each program.
+  rcexp=1
+  case "$prg" in
+    dir | ls | printenv | sort | tty | vdir ) rcexp=2 ;;
+    env | chroot | nice | nohup | stdbuf | timeout ) rcexp=125 ;;
+  esac
+  # Write the pattern for a long, unknown option into a pattern file.
+  o='thisoptiondoesnotexist'
+  returns_ $rcexp $prg --$o >/dev/null 2> err || fail=1
+  grep -F "$o" err || framework_failure_
+  sed -n "1s/--$o/OPT/p" < err > pat || framework_failure_
+
+  # Append the pattern for a short unknown option.
+  returns_ $rcexp $prg -/ >/dev/null 2> err || fail=1
+  grep " '*/'*" err || framework_failure_
+  # The following only handles the common case that has single quotes,
+  # as it simplifies to identify missing options only on common systems.
+  sed -n "1s/'\/'/'OPT'/p" < err >> pat || framework_failure_
+
+  # Get output for --help.
+  $prg --help > help || fail=1
+
+  # Extract all options mention in the above --help output.
+  nl="
+  "
+  sed -n -e '/--version/q' \
+    -e 's/^ \{2,6\}-/-/; s/  .*//; s/[=[].*//; s/, /\'"$nl"'/g; s/^-/-/p' help \
+    > opts || framework_failure_
+  cat opts  # for debugging purposes
+
+  # Test all options mentioned in usage (but --version).
+  while read opt; do
+    test "x$opt" = 'x--help' \
+      && continue
+    # Append --help to be on the safe side: the option under test either
+    # requires a further argument, or --help triggers usage(); so $prg should
+    # exit without performing its regular operation.
+    # Add a 2nd --help for the 'env -u --help' case.
+    $prg "$opt" --help --help </dev/null >out 2>err1
+    rc=$?
+    # In the --help case, i.e., when the option under test has been accepted,
+    # the exit code should be Zero.
+    if [ $rc = 0 ]; then
+      compare help out || fail=1
+    else
+      # Else $prg should have complained about a missing argument.
+      # Catch false positives.
+      case "$prg/$opt" in
+        'pr/-COLUMN') continue;;
+      esac
+      # Replace $opt in stderr output by the neutral placeholder.
+      # Handle both long and short option error messages.
+      sed -e "s/$opt/OPT/" -e "s/'.'/'OPT'/" < err1 > err || framework_failure_
+      # Fail if the stderr output matches the above provoked error.
+      grep -Ff pat err && { fail=1; cat err1; }
+    fi
+  done < opts
+}
+
+for prg in $built_programs; do
+  case "$prg" in
+    # Skip utilities entirely which have special option parsing.
+    '[' | expr | stty )
+      continue;;
+    # Wrap some utilities known by the shell by env.
+    echo | false | kill | printf | pwd | test | true )
+      prg="env $prg";;
+  esac
+  checkprg $prg
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/wc-files0-from.pl b/tests/misc/wc-files0-from.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..597b647
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/wc-files0-from.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Exercise wc's --files0-from option.
+# FIXME: keep this file in sync with tests/du/files0-from.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+my $prog = 'wc';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my @Tests =
+  (
+   # invalid extra command line argument
+   ['f-extra-arg', '--files0-from=- no-such', {IN=>"a"}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR => "$prog: extra operand 'no-such'\n"
+        . "file operands cannot be combined with --files0-from\n"
+        . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}
+    ],
+
+   # missing input file
+   ['missing', '--files0-from=missing', {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR => "$prog: cannot open 'missing' for reading: "
+     . "No such file or directory\n"}],
+
+   # input file name of '-'
+   ['minus-in-stdin', '--files0-from=-', '<', {IN=>{f=>'-'}}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR => "$prog: when reading file names from stdin, no file name of"
+     . " '-' allowed\n"}],
+
+   # empty input, regular file
+   ['empty', '--files0-from=@AUX@', {AUX=>''}],
+
+   # empty input, from non-regular file
+   ['empty-nonreg', '--files0-from=/dev/null'],
+
+   # one NUL
+   ['nul-1', '--files0-from=-', '<', {IN=>"\0"}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {ERR => "$prog: -:1: invalid zero-length file name\n"}],
+
+   # two NULs
+   ['nul-2', '--files0-from=-', '<', {IN=>"\0\0"}, {EXIT=>1},
+    {OUT=>"0 0 0 total\n"},
+    {ERR => "$prog: -:1: invalid zero-length file name\n"
+          . "$prog: -:2: invalid zero-length file name\n"}],
+
+   # one file name, no NUL
+   ['1', '--files0-from=-', '<',
+    {IN=>{f=>"g"}}, {AUX=>{g=>''}}, {OUT=>"0 0 0 g\n"} ],
+
+   # one file name, with NUL
+   ['1a', '--files0-from=-', '<',
+    {IN=>{f=>"g\0"}}, {AUX=>{g=>''}}, {OUT=>"0 0 0 g\n"} ],
+
+   # two file names, no final NUL
+   ['2', '--files0-from=-', '<',
+    {IN=>{f=>"g\0g"}}, {AUX=>{g=>''}},
+     {OUT=>"0 0 0 g\n0 0 0 g\n0 0 0 total\n"} ],
+
+   # two file names, with final NUL
+   ['2a', '--files0-from=-', '<',
+    {IN=>{f=>"g\0g\0"}}, {AUX=>{g=>''}},
+     {OUT=>"0 0 0 g\n0 0 0 g\n0 0 0 total\n"} ],
+
+   # Ensure that $prog processes FILEs following a zero-length name.
+   ['zero-len', '--files0-from=-', '<',
+    {IN=>{f=>"\0g\0"}}, {AUX=>{g=>''}},
+    {OUT=>"0 0 0 g\n0 0 0 total\n"},
+    {ERR => "$prog: -:1: invalid zero-length file name\n"}, {EXIT=>1} ],
+  );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/wc-files0.sh b/tests/misc/wc-files0.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..657b1ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/wc-files0.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Show that wc's new --files0-from option works.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ wc
+
+echo 2 > 2b || framework_failure_
+echo 2 words > 2w || framework_failure_
+printf '2b\n2w\n' |tr '\n' '\0' > names || framework_failure_
+
+
+wc --files0-from=names > out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+ 1  1  2 2b
+ 1  2  8 2w
+ 2  3 10 total
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+if ! test "$fail" = 1; then
+  # Repeat the above test, but read the file name list from stdin.
+  rm -f out
+  wc --files0-from=- < names > out || fail=1
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+fi
+
+# Ensure file name containing new lines are output on a single line
+nlname='1
+2'
+touch "$nlname" || framework_failure_
+printf '%s\0' "$nlname" | wc --files0-from=- > out || fail=1
+printf '%s\n' "0 0 0 '1'\$'\\n''2'" > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure correct byte counts, which fails between v8.24 and v8.26 inclusive
+truncate -s1G wc.big || framework_failure_
+touch wc.small || framework_failure_
+printf '%s\0' wc.big wc.small | wc -c --files0-from=- >out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+1073741824 wc.big
+0 wc.small
+1073741824 total
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/wc-nbsp.sh b/tests/misc/wc-nbsp.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7b2658f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/wc-nbsp.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test non breaking space handling
+
+# Copyright (C) 2019-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ wc printf
+
+# Before coreutils 8.31 nbsp was treated as part of a word,
+# rather than a word delimiter
+
+check_word_sep() {
+  char="$1"
+  # Use -L to determine whether NBSP is printable.
+  # FreeBSD 11 and OS X treat NBSP as non printable ?
+  if test "$(env printf "=$char=" | wc -L)" = 3; then
+    test $(env printf "=$char=" | wc -w) = 2 || fail=1
+  fi
+}
+
+export LC_ALL=en_US.iso8859-1  # only lowercase form works on macOS 10.15.7
+if test "$(locale charmap 2>/dev/null | sed 's/iso/ISO-/')" = ISO-8859-1; then
+  check_word_sep '\xA0'
+fi
+
+export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
+if test "$(locale charmap 2>/dev/null)" = UTF-8; then
+  check_word_sep '\u00A0'
+  check_word_sep '\u2007'
+  check_word_sep '\u202F'
+  check_word_sep '\u2060'
+fi
+
+export LC_ALL=ru_RU.KOI8-R
+if test "$(locale charmap 2>/dev/null)" = KOI8-R; then
+  check_word_sep '\x9A'
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/wc-parallel.sh b/tests/misc/wc-parallel.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6a28e7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/wc-parallel.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that wc prints counts atomically
+# so that concurrent processes don't intersperse their output
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ wc
+
+xargs -P2 </dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+  || skip_ 'xargs -P is required'
+
+(mkdir tmp && cd tmp && seq 2000 | xargs touch)
+
+# This will output at least 16KiB per process
+# and start 3 processes, with 2 running concurrently,
+# which triggers often on Fedora 11 at least.
+(find tmp tmp tmp -type f | xargs -n2000 -P2 wc 2>err) |
+sed -n '/0 0 0 /!p' |
+grep . > /dev/null && fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/wc-proc.sh b/tests/misc/wc-proc.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..581890d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/wc-proc.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test wc on /proc and /sys files.
+
+# Copyright 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ wc
+
+# Ensure we read() /proc files to determine content length
+for file in /proc/version /sys/kernel/profiling; do
+  if test -r $file; then
+    cp -f $file copy &&
+    wc -c < copy > exp1 || framework_failure_
+
+    wc -c < $file > out1 || fail=1
+    compare exp1 out1 || fail=1
+  fi
+done
+
+# Ensure we handle cases where we don't read()
+truncate -s 2 no_read || framework_failure_
+# read() used when multiple of page size
+truncate -s 1048576 do_read || framework_failure_
+wc -c no_read do_read > out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+      2 no_read
+1048576 do_read
+1048578 total
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/wc.pl b/tests/misc/wc.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5fbe03d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/wc.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Basic tests for "wc".
+
+# Copyright (C) 1997-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+my $prog = 'wc';
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     ['a0', '-c',  {IN_PIPE=>''},            {OUT=>"0\n"}],
+     ['a1', '-l',  {IN_PIPE=>''},            {OUT=>"0\n"}],
+     ['a2', '-w',  {IN_PIPE=>''},            {OUT=>"0\n"}],
+     ['a3', '-c',  {IN_PIPE=>'x'},           {OUT=>"1\n"}],
+     ['a4', '-w',  {IN_PIPE=>'x'},           {OUT=>"1\n"}],
+     ['a5', '-w',  {IN_PIPE=>"x y\n"},       {OUT=>"2\n"}],
+     ['a6', '-w',  {IN_PIPE=>"x y\nz"},      {OUT=>"3\n"}],
+     # Remember, -l counts *newline* bytes, not logical lines.
+     ['a7', '-l',  {IN_PIPE=>"x y"},         {OUT=>"0\n"}],
+     ['a8', '-l',  {IN_PIPE=>"x y\n"},       {OUT=>"1\n"}],
+     ['a9', '-l',  {IN_PIPE=>"x\ny\n"},      {OUT=>"2\n"}],
+     ['b0', '',    {IN_PIPE=>""},         {OUT=>"      0       0       0\n"}],
+     ['b1', '',    {IN_PIPE=>"a b\nc\n"}, {OUT=>"      2       3       6\n"}],
+     ['c0', '-L',  {IN_PIPE=>"1\n12\n"},     {OUT=>"2\n"}],
+     ['c1', '-L',  {IN_PIPE=>"1\n123\n1\n"}, {OUT=>"3\n"}],
+     ['c2', '-L',  {IN_PIPE=>"\n123456"},    {OUT=>"6\n"}],
+    );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($prog, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/xattr.sh b/tests/misc/xattr.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e901a05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/xattr.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that cp --preserve=xattr, cp --preserve=all and mv preserve extended
+# attributes and install does not preserve extended attributes.
+# cp -a should preserve xattr, error diagnostics should not be displayed
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp mv ginstall
+
+# Skip this test if cp was built without xattr support:
+touch src dest || framework_failure_
+cp --preserve=xattr -n src dest \
+  || skip_ "coreutils built without xattr support"
+
+# this code was taken from test mv/backup-is-src
+cleanup_() { rm -rf "$other_partition_tmpdir"; }
+. "$abs_srcdir/tests/other-fs-tmpdir"
+b_other="$other_partition_tmpdir/b"
+rm -f "$b_other" || framework_failure_
+
+# testing xattr name-value pair
+xattr_name="user.foo"
+xattr_value="bar"
+xattr_pair="$xattr_name=\"$xattr_value\""
+
+# create new file and check its xattrs
+touch a || framework_failure_
+getfattr -d a >out_a || skip_ "failed to get xattr of file"
+grep -F "$xattr_pair" out_a && framework_failure_
+
+# try to set user xattr on file
+setfattr -n "$xattr_name" -v "$xattr_value" a >out_a \
+  || skip_ "failed to set xattr of file"
+getfattr -d a >out_a || skip_ "failed to get xattr of file"
+grep -F "$xattr_pair" out_a \
+  || skip_ "failed to set xattr of file"
+
+
+# cp should not preserve xattr by default
+cp a b || fail=1
+getfattr -d b >out_b || skip_ "failed to get xattr of file"
+grep -F "$xattr_pair" out_b && fail=1
+
+# test if --preserve=xattr option works
+cp --preserve=xattr a b || fail=1
+getfattr -d b >out_b || skip_ "failed to get xattr of file"
+grep -F "$xattr_pair" out_b || fail=1
+
+# test if --preserve=all option works
+cp --preserve=all a c || fail=1
+getfattr -d c >out_c || skip_ "failed to get xattr of file"
+grep -F "$xattr_pair" out_c || fail=1
+
+# cp's -a option must produce no diagnostics.
+cp -a a d 2>err && { compare /dev/null err || fail=1; }
+getfattr -d d >out_d || skip_ "failed to get xattr of file"
+grep -F "$xattr_pair" out_d || fail=1
+
+# test if --preserve=xattr works even for files without write access
+chmod a-w a || framework_failure_
+rm -f e
+cp --preserve=xattr a e || fail=1
+getfattr -d e >out_e || skip_ "failed to get xattr of file"
+grep -F "$xattr_pair" out_e || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that permission bits are preserved, too.
+src_perm=$(stat --format=%a a)
+dst_perm=$(stat --format=%a e)
+test "$dst_perm" = "$src_perm" || fail=1
+
+chmod u+w a || framework_failure_
+
+rm b || framework_failure_
+
+# install should never preserve xattr
+ginstall a b || fail=1
+getfattr -d b >out_b || skip_ "failed to get xattr of file"
+grep -F "$xattr_pair" out_b && fail=1
+
+# mv should preserve xattr when renaming within a file system.
+# This is implicitly done by rename () and doesn't need explicit
+# xattr support in mv.
+mv a b || fail=1
+getfattr -d b >out_b || skip_ "failed to get xattr of file"
+grep -F "$xattr_pair" out_b || cat >&2 <<EOF
+=================================================================
+$0: WARNING!!!
+rename () does not preserve extended attributes
+=================================================================
+EOF
+
+# try to set user xattr on file on other partition
+test_mv=1
+touch "$b_other" || framework_failure_
+setfattr -n "$xattr_name" -v "$xattr_value" "$b_other" >out_a \
+  || test_mv=0
+getfattr -d "$b_other" >out_b || test_mv=0
+grep -F "$xattr_pair" out_b || test_mv=0
+rm -f "$b_other" || framework_failure_
+
+if test $test_mv -eq 1; then
+  # mv should preserve xattr when copying content from one partition to another
+  mv b "$b_other" || fail=1
+  getfattr -d "$b_other" >out_b ||
+    skip_ "failed to get xattr of file"
+  grep -F "$xattr_pair" out_b || fail=1
+else
+  cat >&2 <<EOF
+=================================================================
+$0: WARNING!!!
+failed to set xattr of file $b_other
+=================================================================
+EOF
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/misc/xstrtol.pl b/tests/misc/xstrtol.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5b59b05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/xstrtol.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# exercise xstrtol's diagnostics via pr
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $ME = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $prog = 'pr';
+my $too_big = '9' x 81; # Big enough to overflow a 256-bit integer.
+my @Tests =
+  (
+   # test-name, [option, option, ...] {OUT=>"expected-output"}
+
+   ['inval-suffix', "--pages=${too_big}h", {EXIT => 1},
+    {ERR=>"$prog: invalid suffix in --pages argument '${too_big}h'\n"}],
+
+   ['too-big', "--pages=$too_big", {EXIT => 1},
+    {ERR=>"$prog: --pages argument '$too_big' too large\n"}],
+
+   ['simply-inval', "--pages=x", {EXIT => 1},
+    {ERR=>"$prog: invalid --pages argument 'x'\n"}],
+
+   ['inv-pg-range', "--pages=9x", {EXIT => 1},
+    {ERR=>"$prog: invalid page range '9x'\n"}],
+  );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($ME, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/misc/yes.sh b/tests/misc/yes.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9ba6a03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/yes.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Validate yes buffer handling
+
+# Copyright (C) 2015-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ yes
+
+# Check basic operation
+test "$(yes | head -n1)" = 'y' || fail=1
+
+# Check various single item sizes, with the most important
+# size being BUFSIZ used for the local buffer to yes(1).
+# Note a \n is added, so actual sizes required internally
+# are 1 more than the size used here.
+for size in 1 1999 4095 4096 8191 8192 16383 16384; do
+  printf "%${size}s\n" '' > out.1
+  yes "$(printf %${size}s '')" | head -n2 | uniq > out.2
+  compare out.1 out.2 || fail=1
+done
+
+# Check the many small items case,
+# both fitting and overflowing the internal buffer.
+# First check that 4000 arguments supported.
+if test 4000 -eq $(sh -c 'echo $#' 0 $(seq 4000)); then
+  for i in 100 4000; do
+    seq $i | paste -s -d ' ' | sed p > out.1
+    yes $(seq $i) | head -n2 > out.2
+    compare out.1 out.2 || fail=1
+  done
+fi
+
+# Check a single appropriate diagnostic is output on write error
+if test -w /dev/full && test -c /dev/full; then
+  # The single output diagnostic expected,
+  # (without the possibly varying :strerror(ENOSPC) suffix).
+  printf '%s\n' "yes: standard output" > exp
+
+  for size in 1 16384; do
+    returns_ 1 yes "$(printf %${size}s '')" >/dev/full 2>errt || fail=1
+    sed 's/\(yes:.*\):.*/\1/' errt > err
+    compare exp err || fail=1
+  done
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mkdir/p-1.sh b/tests/mkdir/p-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e9be94e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mkdir/p-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test "mkdir -p".
+
+# Copyright (C) 1997-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mkdir
+
+mkdir --parents "$(pwd)/t" || fail=1
+test -d t || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mkdir/p-2.sh b/tests/mkdir/p-2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2f641a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mkdir/p-2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Just like p-1, but with an absolute path.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1997-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mkdir
+
+mkdir --parents "$(pwd)/t/u" || fail=1
+test -d t/u || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mkdir/p-3.sh b/tests/mkdir/p-3.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c31515a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mkdir/p-3.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that mkdir-p.c's fail-to-return-to-initial-working-directory
+# causes immediate failure.  Also, ensure that we don't create
+# subsequent, relative command-line arguments in the wrong place.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mkdir
+skip_if_root_
+
+mkdir no-access || framework_failure_
+mkdir no-acce2s || framework_failure_
+mkdir -p no-acce3s/d || framework_failure_
+
+p=$(pwd)
+(cd no-access && chmod 0 . && mkdir -p "$p/a/b" u/v) 2> /dev/null
+test $? -eq 1 || fail=1
+test -d "$p/a/b" || fail=1
+
+# Same as above, but with a following *absolute* name, it should succeed
+(cd no-acce2s && chmod 0 . && mkdir -p "$p/b/b" "$p/z") || fail=1
+test -d "$p/b/b" && test -d "$p/z" || fail=1
+
+# Same as above, but a trailing relative name in an unreadable directory
+# whose parent is inaccessible.  coreutils 5.97 fails this test.
+# Perform this test only if "." is on a local file system.
+# Otherwise, it would fail e.g., on an NFS-mounted file system.
+if is_local_dir_ .; then
+  (cd no-acce3s/d && chmod a-r . && chmod a-rx .. &&
+      mkdir -p a/b "$p/b/c" d/e && test -d a/b && test -d d/e) || fail=1
+  test -d "$p/b/c" || fail=1
+fi
+
+b=$(ls "$p/a" | tr -d '\n')
+# With coreutils-5.3.0, this would fail with $b=bu.
+test "x$b" = xb || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mkdir/p-acl.sh b/tests/mkdir/p-acl.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..59ddc60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mkdir/p-acl.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test "mkdir -p" with default ACLs.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1997-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mkdir
+
+require_setfacl_
+
+mkdir d || framework_failure_
+setfacl -d -m group::rwx d || framework_failure_
+umask 077
+
+mkdir --parents d/e || fail=1
+ls_l=$(ls -ld d/e) || fail=1
+case $ls_l in
+  d???rw[sx]*) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mkdir/p-slashdot.sh b/tests/mkdir/p-slashdot.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1bd055e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mkdir/p-slashdot.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that mkdir -p works with arguments specified with a trailing "/.".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mkdir
+
+
+mkdir -p d1/. || fail=1
+test -d d1 || fail=1
+
+mkdir -p d2/.. || fail=1
+test -d d2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mkdir/p-thru-slink.sh b/tests/mkdir/p-thru-slink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7948ef4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mkdir/p-thru-slink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that mkdir -p foo/bar works when foo is a symbolic link to a directory
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mkdir
+
+ln -s . slink || framework_failure_
+
+mkdir -p slink/x || fail=1
+test -d x || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mkdir/p-v.sh b/tests/mkdir/p-v.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c9c7511
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mkdir/p-v.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test mkdir -pv.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mkdir
+
+mkdir -pv foo/a/b/c/d >out || fail=1
+
+compare - out <<\EOF || fail=1
+mkdir: created directory 'foo'
+mkdir: created directory 'foo/a'
+mkdir: created directory 'foo/a/b'
+mkdir: created directory 'foo/a/b/c'
+mkdir: created directory 'foo/a/b/c/d'
+EOF
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mkdir/parents.sh b/tests/mkdir/parents.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7debfbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mkdir/parents.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure mkdir's -p options works properly
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mkdir
+skip_if_setgid_
+require_no_default_acl_ .
+
+mkdir -m 700 e-dir || framework_failure_
+
+
+# Make sure 'mkdir -p existing-dir' succeeds
+# and that 'mkdir existing-dir' fails.
+mkdir -p e-dir || fail=1
+returns_ 1 mkdir e-dir > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# Create an existing directory.
+umask 077
+mode_str=drwxr-x-wx
+mode_arg=$(rwx_to_mode_ $mode_str)
+mkdir -m $mode_arg a || fail=1
+
+# this 'mkdir -p ...' shouldn't change perms of existing dir 'a'.
+d_mode_str=drwx-w--wx
+d_mode_arg=$(rwx_to_mode_ $d_mode_str)
+mkdir -p -m $d_mode_arg a/b/c/d
+
+# Make sure the permissions of 'a' haven't been changed.
+p=$(ls -ld a|cut -b-10); case $p in $mode_str);; *) fail=1;; esac
+# 'b's and 'c's should reflect the umask
+p=$(ls -ld a/b|cut -b-10); case $p in drwx------);; *) fail=1;; esac
+p=$(ls -ld a/b/c|cut -b-10); case $p in drwx------);; *) fail=1;; esac
+
+# 'd's perms are determined by the -m argument.
+p=$(ls -ld a/b/c/d|cut -b-10); case $p in $d_mode_str);; *) fail=1;; esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mkdir/perm.sh b/tests/mkdir/perm.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3a904a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mkdir/perm.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify that mkdir's '-m MODE' option works properly
+# with various umask settings.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mkdir
+skip_if_setgid_
+require_no_default_acl_ .
+
+working_umask_or_skip_
+
+
+#                         parent        parent/dir
+# umask   -m option   resulting perm  resulting perm
+tests='
+    000  :   empty    : drwxrwxrwx : drwxrwxrwx :
+    000  :   -m 016   : drwxrwxrwx : d-----xrw- :
+    077  :   empty    : drwx------ : drwx------ :
+    050  :   empty    : drwx-w-rwx : drwx-w-rwx :
+    050  :   -m 312   : drwx-w-rwx : d-wx--x-w- :
+    160  :   empty    : drwx--xrwx : drw---xrwx :
+    160  :   -m 743   : drwx--xrwx : drwxr---wx :
+    022  :   -m o-w   : drwxr-xr-x : drwxrwxr-x :
+    027  :   -m =+x   : drwxr-x--- : d--x--x--- :
+    027  :   -m =+X   : drwxr-x--- : d--x--x--- :
+    -    :   -        : last       : last       :
+    '
+colon_tests=$(echo $tests | sed 's/^ *//; s/ *: */:/g')
+
+for p in empty -p; do
+  test _$p = _empty && p=
+
+  old_IFS=$IFS
+  IFS=':'
+  set $colon_tests
+  IFS=$old_IFS
+
+  while :; do
+    test "$VERBOSE" = yes && set -x
+    umask=$1 mode=$2 parent_perms=$3 sub_perms=$4
+    test "_$mode" = _empty && mode=
+    test $sub_perms = last && break
+    # echo p=$p umask=$1 mode=$2 parent_perms=$3 sub_perms=$4
+    shift; shift; shift; shift
+    umask $umask
+
+    # If we're not using -p, then create the parent manually,
+    # and adjust expectations accordingly.
+    test x$p = x &&
+      {
+        mkdir -m =,u=rwx parent || fail=1
+        parent_perms=drwx------
+      }
+
+    mkdir $p $mode parent/sub || fail=1
+
+    perms=$(stat --printf %A parent)
+    test "$parent_perms" = "$perms" \
+      || { fail=1; echo parent: expected $parent_perms, got $perms; }
+
+    perms=$(stat --printf %A parent/sub)
+    test "$sub_perms" = "$perms" \
+      || { fail=1; echo parent/sub: expected $sub_perms, got $perms; }
+
+    chmod -R u+rwx parent
+    rm -rf parent || fail=1
+  done
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mkdir/restorecon.sh b/tests/mkdir/restorecon.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..dfffce8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mkdir/restorecon.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# test mkdir, mknod, mkfifo -Z
+
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mkdir mknod mkfifo
+require_selinux_
+
+mkdir subdir || framework_failure_
+ctx='root:object_r:tmp_t'
+mls_enabled_ && ctx="$ctx:s0"
+chcon "$ctx" subdir || skip_ "Failed to set context: $ctx"
+cd subdir
+
+# --- mkdir -Z ---
+# Since in a tmp_t dir, dirs can be created as user_tmp_t ...
+mkdir standard || framework_failure_
+mkdir restored || framework_failure_
+if restorecon restored 2>/dev/null; then
+  # ... but when restored can be set to user_home_t
+  # So ensure the type for these mkdir -Z cases matches
+  # the directory type as set by restorecon.
+  mkdir -Z single || fail=1
+  # Run these as separate processes in case global context
+  # set for an arg, impacts on another arg
+  # TODO: Have the defaultcon() vary over these directories
+  for dir in single_p single_p/existing multi/ple; do
+    mkdir -Zp "$dir" || fail=1
+  done
+  restored_type=$(get_selinux_type 'restored')
+  test "$(get_selinux_type 'single')" = "$restored_type" || fail=1
+  test "$(get_selinux_type 'single_p')" = "$restored_type" || fail=1
+  test "$(get_selinux_type 'single_p/existing')" = "$restored_type" || fail=1
+  test "$(get_selinux_type 'multi')" = "$restored_type" || fail=1
+  test "$(get_selinux_type 'multi/ple')" = "$restored_type" || fail=1
+fi
+if test "$fail" = '1'; then
+  ls -UZd standard restored
+  ls -UZd single single_p single_p/existing multi multi/ple
+fi
+
+# --- mknod -Z and mkfifo -Z ---
+# Assume if selinux present that we can create fifos
+for cmd_w_arg in 'mknod' 'mkfifo'; do
+  # In OpenBSD's /bin/sh, mknod is a shell built-in.
+  # Running via "env" ensures we run our program and not the built-in.
+  basename="$cmd_w_arg"
+  test "$basename" = 'mknod' && nt='p' || nt=''
+  env -- $cmd_w_arg $basename $nt || fail=1
+  env -- $cmd_w_arg ${basename}_restore $nt || fail=1
+  if restorecon ${basename}_restore 2>/dev/null; then
+    env -- $cmd_w_arg -Z ${basename}_Z $nt || fail=1
+    restored_type=$(get_selinux_type "${basename}_restore")
+    test "$(get_selinux_type ${basename}_Z)" = "$restored_type" || fail=1
+  fi
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mkdir/selinux.sh b/tests/mkdir/selinux.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8958edf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mkdir/selinux.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that an invalid context doesn't cause a segfault
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mkdir mkfifo mknod
+
+# Note: on an SELinux/enforcing system running mcstransd older than
+# mcstrans-0.2.8-1.fc9, the following commands may mistakenly exit
+# successfully, in spite of the invalid context string.
+require_selinux_enforcing_
+
+c=invalid-selinux-context
+msg="failed to set default file creation context to '$c':"
+
+# Test each of mkdir, mknod, mkfifo with "-Z invalid-context".
+
+for cmd_w_arg in 'mkdir dir' 'mknod b p' 'mkfifo f'; do
+  # In OpenBSD's /bin/sh, mknod is a shell built-in.
+  # Running via "env" ensures we run our program and not the built-in.
+  env -- $cmd_w_arg --context=$c 2> out && fail=1
+  set $cmd_w_arg; cmd=$1
+  echo "$cmd: $msg" > exp || framework_failure_
+
+  # Some systems fail with ENOTSUP, EINVAL, ENOENT, or even
+  # "Unknown system error", or "Function not implemented".
+  # For AIX 5.3: "Unsupported attribute value"
+  # For HP-UX 11.23: Unknown error (252)
+  sed					\
+    -e 's/ Not supported$//'		\
+    -e 's/ Invalid argument$//'		\
+    -e 's/ Unknown system error$//'	\
+    -e 's/ Operation not supported$//'	\
+    -e 's/ Function not implemented$//'	\
+    -e 's/ Unsupported attribute value$//'	\
+    -e 's/ Unknown error .*$//'	\
+    -e 's/ No such file or directory$//' out > k || framework_failure_
+  mv k out || fail=1
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mkdir/smack-no-root.sh b/tests/mkdir/smack-no-root.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4b4eb88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mkdir/smack-no-root.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# SMACK test for the mkdir,mknod, mkfifo commands.
+# Derived from tests/mkdir/selinux.sh.
+# Ensure that an unsettable SMACK label doesn't cause a segfault.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mkdir mkfifo mknod
+
+require_smack_
+
+c=arbitrary-smack-label
+msg="failed to set default file creation context to '$c':"
+
+for cmd in 'mkdir dir' 'mknod b p' 'mkfifo f'; do
+  $cmd --context="$c" 2> out && fail=1
+  set $cmd
+  echo "$1: $msg" > exp || framework_failure_
+
+  sed -e 's/ Operation not permitted$//' out > k || framework_failure_
+  mv k out || fail=1
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mkdir/smack-root.sh b/tests/mkdir/smack-root.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cb13b88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mkdir/smack-root.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# SMACK test for the mkdir,mknod, mkfifo commands.
+# Derived from tests/mkdir/selinux.sh.
+# Ensure that SMACK label gets set.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mkdir mkfifo mknod
+
+require_smack_
+require_root_
+
+c=arbitrary-smack-label
+
+for cmd in 'mkdir dir' 'mknod b p' 'mkfifo f'; do
+  $cmd --context="$c" || { fail=1; continue; }
+  set $cmd
+  ls -dZ $2 > out || fail=1
+  test "$(cut -f1 -d' ' out)" = "$c" || { cat out; fail=1; }
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mkdir/special-1.sh b/tests/mkdir/special-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..116bf3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mkdir/special-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# verify that mkdir honors special bits in MODE
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mkdir
+
+set_mode_string=u=rwx,g=rx,o=w,-s,+t
+output_mode_string=drwxr-x-wT
+
+tmp=t
+mkdir -m$set_mode_string $tmp || fail=1
+
+test -d $tmp || fail=1
+mode=$(ls -ld $tmp|cut -b-10)
+case "$mode" in
+  $output_mode_string) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+
+rmdir $tmp || fail=1
+tmp2=$tmp/sub
+
+# This should fail.
+returns_ 1 mkdir -m$set_mode_string $tmp2 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+
+# Now test the --parents option.
+mkdir --parents -m$set_mode_string $tmp2 || fail=1
+
+test -d $tmp2 || fail=1
+mode=$(ls -ld $tmp2|cut -b-10)
+case "$mode" in
+  $output_mode_string) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mkdir/t-slash.sh b/tests/mkdir/t-slash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3e06261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mkdir/t-slash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that mkdir works with arguments specified with and without
+# a trailing slash.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mkdir
+
+
+mkdir -p dir/ || fail=1
+test -d dir || fail=1
+
+# This failed on NetBSD for fileutils-4.0.33.
+mkdir d2/ || fail=1
+test -d d2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mkdir/writable-under-readonly.sh b/tests/mkdir/writable-under-readonly.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c5422df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mkdir/writable-under-readonly.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# FIXME: convert this to a root-only test.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# Test for the 2005-10-13 patch to lib/mkdir-p.c that fixed this sort
+# of bug in mkdir:
+#
+#   "mkdir -p /a/b/c" no longer fails merely because a leading prefix
+#   directory (e.g., /a or /a/b) exists on a read-only file system.
+#
+# Demonstrate the problem, as root:
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mkdir
+require_root_
+
+# FIXME: for now, skip it unconditionally
+skip_ temporarily disabled
+
+# FIXME: define cleanup_ to do the umount
+
+# FIXME: use mktemp
+cd /tmp                                    \
+  && dd if=/dev/zero of=1 bs=8192 count=50 \
+  && dd if=/dev/zero of=2 bs=8192 count=50 \
+  && mkdir -p mnt-ro && mkfs -t ext2 1 && mkfs -t ext2 2 \
+  && mount -o loop=/dev/loop3 1 mnt-ro    \
+  && mkdir -p mnt-ro/rw                    \
+  && mount -o remount,ro mnt-ro           \
+  && mount -o loop=/dev/loop4 2 mnt-ro/rw
+
+mkdir -p mnt-ro/rw/sub || fail=1
+
+# To clean up
+umount /tmp/2
+umount /tmp/1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/acl.sh b/tests/mv/acl.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bc8341a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/acl.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# move files/directories across file system boundaries
+# and make sure acls are preserved
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+
+require_acl_
+
+# Skip this test if cp was built without ACL support:
+grep '^#define USE_ACL 1' $CONFIG_HEADER > /dev/null ||
+  skip_ "insufficient ACL support"
+
+cleanup_() { rm -rf "$other_partition_tmpdir"; }
+. "$abs_srcdir/tests/other-fs-tmpdir"
+
+touch file || framework_failure_
+t1=$other_partition_tmpdir/t1
+touch $t1 || framework_failure_
+
+skip_partition=none
+# Ensure that setfacl and getfacl work on this file system.
+setfacl -m user:bin:rw- file 2> /dev/null || skip_partition=.
+# And on the destination file system.
+setfacl -m user:bin:rw- $t1 || skip_partition=$other_partition_tmpdir
+acl1=$(getfacl file) || skip_partition=.
+
+test $skip_partition != none &&
+  skip_ "'$skip_partition' is not on a suitable file system for this test"
+
+# move the access acl of a file
+mv file "$other_partition_tmpdir" || fail=1
+acl2=$(cd "$other_partition_tmpdir" && getfacl file) || framework_failure_
+test "$acl1" = "$acl2" || fail=1
+
+# move the access acl of a directory
+mkdir dir || framework_failure_
+setfacl -m user:bin:rw- dir || framework_failure_
+acl1=$(getfacl dir) || framework_failure_
+mv dir "$other_partition_tmpdir" || fail=1
+acl2=$(cd "$other_partition_tmpdir" && getfacl dir) || framework_failure_
+test "$acl1" = "$acl2" || fail=1
+
+# move the default acl of a directory
+mkdir dir2 || framework_failure_
+setfacl -d -m user:bin:rw- dir2 || framework_failure_
+acl1=$(getfacl dir2) || framework_failure_
+mv dir2 "$other_partition_tmpdir" || fail=1
+acl2=$(cd "$other_partition_tmpdir" && getfacl dir2) || framework_failure_
+test "$acl1" = "$acl2" || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/atomic.sh b/tests/mv/atomic.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1b1d357
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/atomic.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that mv doesn't first unlink its destination in one particular case
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+require_strace_ unlink
+
+# Before the fix, mv would unnecessarily unlink the destination symlink:
+#   $ rm -rf s[12]; ln -s / s1; ln -s /tmp s2
+#   $ strace -qe unlink /bin/mv -T s1 s2
+#   unlink("s2") = 0
+#
+# With the fix, it doesn't call unlink:
+#   $ rm -rf s[12]; ln -s / s1; ln -s /tmp s2
+#   $ strace -qe unlink ./mv -T s1 s2
+#   $
+
+ln -s t1 s1 || framework_failure_
+ln -s t2 s2 || framework_failure_
+
+
+strace -qe unlink mv -T s1 s2 > out 2>&1 || fail=1
+$EGREP 'unlink.*"s1"' out && fail=1
+
+# Ensure that the source, s1, is gone.
+ls -dl s1 > /dev/null 2>&1 && fail=1
+
+# Ensure that the destination, s2, contains the link from s1.
+test "$(readlink s2)" = t1 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/atomic2.sh b/tests/mv/atomic2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cad9276
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/atomic2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that mv doesn't first unlink a multi-hard-linked destination
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+require_strace_ unlink
+
+# Before the fix, mv would unnecessarily unlink the destination symlink:
+#   $ rm -f a b b2; touch a b; ln b b2; strace -e unlink /p/bin/mv a b
+#   unlink("b")                             = 0
+#
+# With the fix, it doesn't call unlink:
+#   $ rm -f a b b2; touch a b; ln b b2; strace -e unlink ./mv a b
+#   $
+
+touch a b || framework_failure_
+ln b b2 || framework_failure_
+
+
+strace -qe unlink mv a b > out 2>&1 || fail=1
+$EGREP 'unlink.*"b"' out && fail=1
+
+# Ensure that the source, "a", is gone.
+ls -dl a > /dev/null 2>&1 && fail=1
+
+# Ensure that the destination, "b", has link count 1.
+n_links=$(stat --printf=%h b) || fail=1
+test "$n_links" = 1 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/backup-dir.sh b/tests/mv/backup-dir.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..84c51af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/backup-dir.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure "mv --verbose --backup" works the same for dirs and non-dirs.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+
+mkdir A B || framework_failure_
+touch X Y || framework_failure_
+
+
+# Before coreutils-6.2, the " (backup: 'B.~1~')" suffix was not printed.
+mv --verbose --backup=numbered -T A B > out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+renamed 'A' -> 'B' (backup: 'B.~1~')
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Bug#52410
+mkdir C D E || framework_failure_
+mv -T --backup=numbered C E/ || fail=1
+mv -T --backup=numbered D E/ || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/backup-is-src.sh b/tests/mv/backup-is-src.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..67ab05a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/backup-is-src.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Force mv to use the copying code.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+cleanup_() { rm -rf "$other_partition_tmpdir"; }
+. "$abs_srcdir/tests/other-fs-tmpdir"
+
+a="$other_partition_tmpdir/a"
+a2="$other_partition_tmpdir/a~"
+
+rm -f "$a" "$a2" || framework_failure_
+echo a > "$a" || framework_failure_
+echo a2 > "$a2" || framework_failure_
+
+# This mv command should exit nonzero.
+mv --b=simple "$a2" "$a" > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+
+sed \
+   -e "s,mv:,XXX:," \
+   -e "s,$a,YYY," \
+   -e "s,$a2,ZZZ," \
+  out > out2
+
+cat > exp <<\EOF
+XXX: backing up 'YYY' might destroy source;  'ZZZ' not moved
+EOF
+
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/childproof.sh b/tests/mv/childproof.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f9c2f6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/childproof.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that cp/mv/ln don't clobber a just-copied/moved/linked file.
+# With fileutils-4.1 and earlier, this test would fail for cp and mv.
+# With coreutils-6.9 and earlier, this test would fail for ln.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp mv ln
+
+skip_if_root_
+
+mkdir a b c || framework_failure_
+echo a > a/f || framework_failure_
+echo b > b/f || framework_failure_
+
+
+returns_ 1 cp a/f b/f c 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+test -f a/f || fail=1
+test -f b/f || fail=1
+test -f c/f || fail=1
+test "$(cat c/f)" = a || fail=1
+rm -f c/f
+
+# With --backup=numbered, it should succeed
+cp --backup=numbered a/f b/f c || fail=1
+test -f a/f || fail=1
+test -f b/f || fail=1
+test -f c/f || fail=1
+test -f c/f.~1~ || fail=1
+rm -f c/f*
+
+returns_ 1 mv a/f b/f c 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+test -f a/f && fail=1
+test -f b/f || fail=1
+test -f c/f || fail=1
+test "$(cat c/f)" = a || fail=1
+
+# Make sure mv still works when moving hard links.
+# This is where the same_file test is necessary, and why
+# we save file names in addition to dev/ino.
+rm -f c/f* b/f
+touch a/f
+ln a/f b/g
+mv a/f b/g c || fail=1
+test -f a/f && fail=1
+test -f b/g && fail=1
+test -f c/f || fail=1
+test -f c/g || fail=1
+
+touch a/f b/f b/g
+returns_ 1 mv a/f b/f b/g c 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+test -f a/f && fail=1  # a/f should have been moved
+test -f b/f || fail=1  # b/f should remain
+test -f b/g && fail=1  # b/g should have been moved
+test -f c/f || fail=1
+test -f c/g || fail=1
+
+# Test ln -f.
+
+rm -f a/f b/f c/f
+echo a > a/f || framework_failure_
+echo b > b/f || framework_failure_
+returns_ 1 ln -f a/f b/f c 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+# a/f and c/f must be linked
+test $(stat --format %i a/f) = $(stat --format %i c/f) || fail=1
+# b/f and c/f must not be linked
+test $(stat --format %i b/f) = $(stat --format %i c/f) && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/diag.sh b/tests/mv/diag.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c0a5585
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/diag.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure we get proper diagnostics: e.g., with --target-dir=d but no args
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+
+touch f1 || framework_failure_
+touch f2 || framework_failure_
+touch d || framework_failure_
+
+# These mv commands should all exit nonzero.
+
+# Too few args.  This first one did fail, but with an incorrect diagnostic
+# until fileutils-4.0u.
+mv --target=. >> out 2>&1 && fail=1
+mv no-file >> out 2>&1 && fail=1
+
+# Target is not a directory.
+mv f1 f2 f1 >> out 2>&1 && fail=1
+mv --target=f2 f1 >> out 2>&1 && fail=1
+
+cat > exp <<\EOF
+mv: missing file operand
+Try 'mv --help' for more information.
+mv: missing destination file operand after 'no-file'
+Try 'mv --help' for more information.
+mv: target 'f1': Not a directory
+mv: target directory 'f2': Not a directory
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/dir-file.sh b/tests/mv/dir-file.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8a54412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/dir-file.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# mv must fail when src and dest are mismatched directory/non-directory.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+
+mkdir -p dir/file || framework_failure_
+> file || framework_failure_
+
+
+# These should both fail, but until fileutils-4.0q only the second one did.
+returns_ 1 mv dir file > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+returns_ 1 mv file dir > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/dir2dir.sh b/tests/mv/dir2dir.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b5b3562
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/dir2dir.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that mv prints the right diagnostic for a dir->dir move
+# where the destination directory is not empty.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+
+mkdir -p a/t b/t || framework_failure_
+touch a/t/f || framework_failure_
+
+
+# Expect this to fail with the expected diagnostic.
+# For an interim (pre-6.0) release, it would give an erroneous
+# diagnostic about moving one directory to a subdirectory of itself.
+mv b/t a 2> out && fail=1
+
+# Accept any of these: EEXIST, ENOTEMPTY, EBUSY.
+sed             's/: File exists/: Directory not empty/'<out>o1;mv o1 out
+sed 's/: Device or resource busy/: Directory not empty/'<out>o1;mv o1 out
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+mv: cannot move 'b/t' to 'a/t': Directory not empty
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/dup-source.sh b/tests/mv/dup-source.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4fa666a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/dup-source.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that cp merely warns when a non-directory source file is
+# listed on the command line more than once.  fileutils-4.1.1
+# made this fail:  cp a a d/
+# Ensure that mv fails with a similar command.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp mv
+
+skip_if_root_
+
+reset_files() { rm -fr a b d; touch a; mkdir b d; }
+
+for i in cp; do
+
+  # cp may not fail in this case.
+  reset_files
+  $i a a d/ 2> out || fail=1
+  reset_files
+  $i ./a a d/ 2>> out || fail=1
+
+  # Similarly for directories, but handle
+  # source == dest appropriately.
+  reset_files
+  $i -a ./b b d/ 2>> out || fail=1
+  reset_files
+  returns_ 1 $i -a ./b b b/ 2>> out || fail=1
+
+  # cp succeeds with --backup=numbered.
+  reset_files
+  $i --backup=numbered a a d/ 2>> out || fail=1
+
+  # But not with plain '--backup'
+  reset_files
+  returns_ 1 $i --backup a a d/ 2>> out || fail=1
+
+  cat <<EOF > exp
+$i: warning: source file 'a' specified more than once
+$i: warning: source file 'a' specified more than once
+$i: warning: source directory 'b' specified more than once
+$i: cannot copy a directory, './b', into itself, 'b/b'
+$i: warning: source directory 'b' specified more than once
+$i: will not overwrite just-created 'd/a' with 'a'
+EOF
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+done
+
+for i in mv; do
+  # But mv *does* fail in this case (it has to).
+  reset_files
+  returns_ 1 $i a a d/ 2> out || fail=1
+  returns_ 1 test -e a || fail=1
+  reset_files
+  returns_ 1 $i ./a a d/ 2>> out || fail=1
+  returns_ 1 test -e a || fail=1
+
+  # Similarly for directories, also handling
+  # source == dest appropriately.
+  reset_files
+  returns_ 1 $i ./b b d/ 2>> out || fail=1
+  returns_ 1 test -e b || fail=1
+  reset_files
+  returns_ 1 $i --verbose ./b b b/ 2>> out || fail=1
+  test -d b || fail=1
+
+  cat <<EOF > exp
+$i: cannot stat 'a': No such file or directory
+$i: cannot stat 'a': No such file or directory
+$i: cannot stat 'b': No such file or directory
+$i: cannot move './b' to a subdirectory of itself, 'b/b'
+$i: warning: source directory 'b' specified more than once
+EOF
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/force.sh b/tests/mv/force.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..41968ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/force.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# move a file onto itself
+
+# Copyright (C) 1999-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+
+ff=mvforce
+ff2=mvforce2
+
+echo force-contents > $ff || framework_failure_
+ln $ff $ff2 || framework_failure_
+
+# mv should fail for the same name, or separate hardlinks as in
+# both cases rename() will do nothing and return success.
+# One could unlink(src) in the hardlink case, but that would
+# introduce races with overlapping mv instances removing both hardlinks.
+
+for dest in $ff $ff2; do
+  # This mv command should exit nonzero.
+  mv $ff $dest > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+
+  printf "mv: '$ff' and '$dest' are the same file\n" > exp
+  compare exp out || fail=1
+
+  test $(cat $ff) = force-contents || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/hard-2.sh b/tests/mv/hard-2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ceb41a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/hard-2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that moving hard-linked arguments onto existing destinations works.
+# Likewise when using cp --preserve=link.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp mv
+
+skip_if_root_
+
+mkdir dst || framework_failure_
+(cd dst && touch a b c) || framework_failure_
+touch a || framework_failure_
+ln a b || framework_failure_
+ln a c || framework_failure_
+
+
+# ======================================
+cp --preserve=link a b c dst || fail=1
+# The source files must remain.
+test -f a || fail=1
+test -f b || fail=1
+test -f c || fail=1
+cd dst
+
+# Three destination files must exist.
+test -f a || fail=1
+test -f b || fail=1
+test -f c || fail=1
+
+# The three i-node numbers must be the same.
+ia=$(ls -i a|sed 's/ a//')
+ib=$(ls -i b|sed 's/ b//')
+ic=$(ls -i c|sed 's/ c//')
+test $ia = $ib || fail=1
+test $ia = $ic || fail=1
+
+cd ..
+rm -f dst/[abc]
+(cd dst && touch a b c)
+
+# ======================================
+mv a b c dst || fail=1
+
+# The source files must be gone.
+test -f a && fail=1
+test -f b && fail=1
+test -f c && fail=1
+cd dst
+
+# Three destination files must exist.
+test -f a || fail=1
+test -f b || fail=1
+test -f c || fail=1
+
+# The three i-node numbers must be the same.
+ia=$(ls -i a|sed 's/ a//')
+ib=$(ls -i b|sed 's/ b//')
+ic=$(ls -i c|sed 's/ c//')
+test $ia = $ib || fail=1
+test $ia = $ic || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/hard-3.sh b/tests/mv/hard-3.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..970ff05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/hard-3.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that using 'cp --preserve=link' to copy hard-linked arguments
+# onto existing destinations works, even when one of the link operations fails.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+# This bug was fixed in coreutils-4.5.9.
+# To exercise this bug is non-trivial:
+# Set-up requires at least three hard-linked files.  In copying them,
+# while preserving links, the initial copy must succeed, the attempt
+# to create the second file via 'link' must fail, and the final 'link'
+# (to create the third) must succeed.  Before the corresponding fix,
+# the first and third destination files would not be linked.
+#
+# Note that this is nominally a test of 'cp', yet it is in the tests/mv
+# directory, because it requires use of the --preserve=link option that
+# mv enables by default.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp
+skip_if_root_
+
+mkdir -p x dst/x || framework_failure_
+touch dst/x/b || framework_failure_
+chmod a-w dst/x
+touch a || framework_failure_
+ln a x/b || framework_failure_
+ln a c || framework_failure_
+
+
+# ======================================
+# This must fail -- because x/b cannot be unlinked.
+cp --preserve=link --parents a x/b c dst 2> /dev/null && fail=1
+
+# Source files must remain.
+test -f a || fail=1
+test -f x/b || fail=1
+test -f c || fail=1
+cd dst
+
+# Three destination files must exist.
+test -f a || fail=1
+test -f x/b || fail=1
+test -f c || fail=1
+
+# The i-node numbers of a and c must be the same.
+ia=$(ls -i a) || fail=1; set x $ia; ia=$2
+ic=$(ls -i c) || fail=1; set x $ic; ic=$2
+test "$ia" = "$ic" || fail=1
+
+# The i-node number of x/b must be different.
+ib=$(ls -i x/b) || fail=1; set x $ib; ib=$2
+test "$ia" = "$ib" && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/hard-4.sh b/tests/mv/hard-4.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f725b87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/hard-4.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that mv maintains a in this case: touch a; ln a b; mv a b
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+touch a || framework_failure_
+ln a b || framework_failure_
+
+# Between coreutils-5.0 and coreutils-8.24, 'a' would be removed.
+# Before coreutils-5.0.1 the issue would not have been diagnosed.
+# We don't emulate the rename(a,b) with unlink(a) as that would
+# introduce races with overlapping mv instances removing both links.
+mv a b 2>err && fail=1
+printf "mv: 'a' and 'b' are the same file\n" > exp
+compare exp err || fail=1
+
+test -r a || fail=1
+test -r b || fail=1
+
+# Make sure it works with --backup.
+mv --backup=simple a b || fail=1
+test -r a && fail=1
+test -r b || fail=1
+test -r b~ || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/hard-link-1.sh b/tests/mv/hard-link-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..524fc13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/hard-link-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# move a directory containing hard-linked files and
+# make sure the links are preserved
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+cleanup_() { rm -rf "$other_partition_tmpdir"; }
+. "$abs_srcdir/tests/other-fs-tmpdir"
+
+dir=hlink
+
+mkdir $dir || framework_failure_
+> $dir/a || framework_failure_
+ln $dir/a $dir/b || framework_failure_
+
+mv $dir "$other_partition_tmpdir" || fail=1
+
+# Display inode numbers, one per line.
+ls -1i "$other_partition_tmpdir/$dir" > out || fail=1
+
+# Make sure the inode numbers are the same.
+a=$(sed -n 's/ a$//p' out)
+b=$(sed -n 's/ b$//p' out)
+test "$a" = "$b" || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/hardlink-case.sh b/tests/mv/hardlink-case.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..35728b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/hardlink-case.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure multi-hardlinked files are not lost on case insensitive file systems
+
+# Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+require_root_
+
+cwd=$(pwd)
+cleanup_() { cd /; umount "$cwd/mnt"; }
+
+truncate -s100M hfs.img || framework_failure_
+mkfs -t hfsplus hfs.img || skip_ 'failed to create hfs file system'
+mkdir mnt               || framework_failure_
+mount hfs.img mnt       || skip_ 'failed to mount hfs file system'
+
+cd mnt
+touch foo
+ln foo whatever
+returns_ 1 mv foo Foo || fail=1
+test -r foo || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/i-1.pl b/tests/mv/i-1.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2d852d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/i-1.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Make sure a 'n' reply to 'mv -i...' aborts the move operation.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $test_a = 'a';
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     # Make sure a 'n' reply to 'mv -i...' aborts the move operation.
+     [$test_a, '-i',
+      {IN => {src => "a\n"}}, {IN => {dst => "b\n"}}, '<', {IN => "n\n"},
+      {ERR => "mv: overwrite 'dst'? "},
+      {POST => sub { -r 'src' or die "test $test_a failed\n"}},
+      {EXIT => 0},
+     ],
+    );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $prog = 'mv';
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/mv/i-2.sh b/tests/mv/i-2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a7b7939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/i-2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test both cp and mv for their behavior with -if and -fi
+# The standards (POSIX and SuS) dictate annoyingly inconsistent behavior.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp mv
+
+skip_if_root_
+
+for i in a b c d e f g h; do
+  echo $i > $i || framework_failure_
+done
+chmod 0 b d f h || framework_failure_
+echo y > y || framework_failure_
+
+mv -if a b || fail=1
+mv -fi c d < y >/dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# Before 4.0s, this would not prompt.
+cp -if e f < y > out 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# Make sure out contains the prompt.
+case "$(cat out)" in
+  "cp: replace 'f', overriding mode 0000 (---------)?"*) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+
+test -f e || fail=1
+test -f f || fail=1
+compare e f || fail=1
+
+cp -fi g h < y > out 2>&1 || fail=1
+test -f g || fail=1
+test -f h || fail=1
+compare g h || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/i-3.sh b/tests/mv/i-3.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c631f4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/i-3.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure that 'mv file unwritable-file' prompts the user
+# and that 'mv -f file unwritable-file' doesn't.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+require_controlling_input_terminal_
+skip_if_root_
+trap '' TTIN # Ignore SIGTTIN
+
+uname -s | grep 'BSD$' && skip_ 'known spurious failure on *BSD'
+
+touch f g h i || framework_failure_
+chmod 0 g i || framework_failure_
+
+
+ls /dev/stdin >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+  || skip_ 'there is no /dev/stdin file'
+
+# work around a dash bug when redirecting
+# from symlinked ttys in the background
+tty=$(readlink -f /dev/stdin)
+
+test -r "$tty" 2>&1 \
+  || skip_ '/dev/stdin is not readable'
+
+# Terminate any background processes
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+mv f g < $tty > out 2>&1 & pid=$!
+
+# Test for the expected prompt; sleep upon non-match.
+check_overwrite_prompt()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+  case "$(cat out)" in
+    "mv: replace 'g', overriding mode 0000"*) ;;
+    *) sleep $delay; return 1;;
+  esac
+}
+
+# Wait for up to 12.7 seconds for the expected prompt.
+retry_delay_ check_overwrite_prompt .1 7 || { fail=1; cat out; }
+
+cleanup_
+
+mv -f h i > out 2>&1 || fail=1
+test -f i || fail=1
+test -f h && fail=1
+
+# Make sure there was no prompt.
+case "$(cat out)" in
+  '') ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/i-4.sh b/tests/mv/i-4.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8648be7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/i-4.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure 'mv -i a b' does its job with a positive response
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+
+for i in a b; do
+  echo $i > $i || framework_failure_
+done
+echo y > y || framework_failure_
+echo n > n || framework_failure_
+
+mv -i a b < y >/dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# Make sure out contains the prompt.
+case "$(cat b)" in
+  a) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+
+# Ensure that mv -i a b works properly with 'n' and 'y' responses,
+# when a and b are hard links to the same file.
+rm -f a b
+echo a > a
+ln a b
+mv -i a b < y 2>err && fail=1
+test -r a || fail=1
+test -r b || fail=1
+printf "mv: 'a' and 'b' are the same file\n" > exp
+compare exp err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/i-5.sh b/tests/mv/i-5.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c7e2696
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/i-5.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure 'mv -i dir file' prompts before failing.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+
+mkdir a || framework_failure_
+touch b || framework_failure_
+
+
+# coreutils 6.2 mv would neglect to prompt in this case.
+echo n | mv -i a b 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/i-link-no.sh b/tests/mv/i-link-no.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e135243
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/i-link-no.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Show that mv doesn't preserve links to files the user has declined to move.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+
+mkdir a b || framework_failure_
+echo foo > a/foo || framework_failure_
+ln a/foo a/bar || framework_failure_
+echo FUBAR > b/FUBAR || framework_failure_
+ln b/FUBAR b/bar || framework_failure_
+chmod a-w b/bar || framework_failure_
+echo n > no || framework_failure_
+
+
+mv a/bar a/foo b < no > out 2> err || fail=1
+touch exp
+touch exp_err
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare exp_err err || fail=1
+
+case "$(cat b/foo)" in
+  foo) ;;
+  *) fail=1;;
+esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/into-self-2.sh b/tests/mv/into-self-2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..83a7268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/into-self-2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Force mv to use the copying code.
+# Consider the case where SRC and DEST are on different
+# partitions and DEST is a symlink to SRC.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+cleanup_() { rm -rf "$other_partition_tmpdir"; }
+. "$abs_srcdir/tests/other-fs-tmpdir"
+
+file="$other_partition_tmpdir/file"
+symlink=symlink
+
+
+echo whatever > $file || framework_failure_
+ln -s $file $symlink || framework_failure_
+
+# This mv command should exit nonzero.
+mv $symlink $file > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+
+# This should succeed.
+mv $file $symlink || fail=1
+
+sed \
+   -e "s,mv:,XXX:," \
+   -e "s,$file,YYY," \
+   -e "s,$symlink,ZZZ," \
+  out > out2
+
+cat > exp <<\EOF
+XXX: 'ZZZ' and 'YYY' are the same file
+EOF
+#'
+
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/into-self-3.sh b/tests/mv/into-self-3.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cd3bcf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/into-self-3.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# move a directory into itself, with a twist
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+
+dir1=is3-dir1
+dir2=is3-dir2
+
+mkdir $dir1 $dir2 || framework_failure_
+
+# This mv command should exit nonzero.
+mv $dir1 $dir2 $dir2 > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+
+sed \
+   -e "s,mv:,XXX:,g" \
+   -e "s,$dir2,ZZZ,g" \
+  out > out2
+
+cat > exp <<\EOF
+XXX: cannot move 'ZZZ' to a subdirectory of itself, 'ZZZ/ZZZ'
+EOF
+
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/into-self-4.sh b/tests/mv/into-self-4.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..39446a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/into-self-4.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# confirm that 'mv symlink symlink' doesn't remove symlink
+# Based on an example from David Luyer.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+
+touch file || framework_failure_
+ln -s file s || framework_failure_
+
+
+# This must fail.
+returns_ 1 mv s s 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+
+# But the symlink, s, must not be removed.
+# Before 4.0.36, 's' would have been removed.
+test -f s || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/into-self.sh b/tests/mv/into-self.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3834640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/into-self.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Demonstrate how mv fails when it tries to move a directory into itself.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+
+dir=toself-dir
+file=toself-file
+
+rm -rf $dir $file || framework_failure_
+mkdir -p $dir/a/b || framework_failure_
+touch $file || framework_failure_
+
+
+# This mv command should fail.
+mv $dir $file $dir > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+
+sed \
+   -e "s,mv:,XXX:," \
+   -e "s,$dir,SRC," \
+   -e "s,$dir/$dir,DEST," \
+  out > out2
+
+cat > exp <<\EOF
+XXX: cannot move 'SRC' to a subdirectory of itself, 'DEST'
+EOF
+
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+# Make sure the file is gone.
+test -f $file && fail=1
+# Make sure the directory is *not* moved.
+test -d $dir || fail=1
+test -d $dir/$dir && fail=1
+# Make sure the file has been moved to the right place.
+test -f $dir/$file || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/leak-fd.sh b/tests/mv/leak-fd.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8d2940e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/leak-fd.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise mv's file-descriptor-leak bug, reported against coreutils-5.2.1
+# and fixed (properly) on 2004-10-21.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+# limit so don't run it by default.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+skip_if_root_
+cleanup_() { rm -rf "$other_partition_tmpdir"; }
+. "$abs_srcdir/tests/other-fs-tmpdir"
+
+# This test is relatively expensive, and might well evoke a
+# framework-failure on systems with a smaller command-line length
+expensive_
+
+b="0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
+_A _B _C _D _E _F _G _H _I _J _K _L _M _N _O _P _Q _R _S _T _U _V _W _X _Y _Z"
+
+for i in $(echo $b); do
+  echo $i
+  for j in $b; do
+    echo $i$j
+  done
+done > .dirs
+mkdir $(cat .dirs) || framework_failure_
+sed 's,$,/f,' .dirs | xargs touch
+
+last_file=$(tail -n1 .dirs)/f
+test -f $last_file || framework_failure_
+
+
+mv * "$other_partition_tmpdir" || fail=1
+test -f $last_file/f && fail=1
+rm .dirs
+
+out=$(ls -A) || fail=1
+test -z "$out" || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/mv-n.sh b/tests/mv/mv-n.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3733d65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/mv-n.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test whether mv -n works as documented (not overwrite target).
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+
+
+# test miscellaneous combinations of -f -i -n parameters
+touch a b || framework_failure_
+echo "renamed 'a' -> 'b'" > out_move
+> out_empty
+
+# ask for overwrite, answer no
+touch a b || framework_failure_
+echo n | mv -vi a b 2>/dev/null > out1 || fail=1
+compare out1 out_empty || fail=1
+
+# ask for overwrite, answer yes
+touch a b || framework_failure_
+echo y | mv -vi a b 2>/dev/null > out2 || fail=1
+compare out2 out_move || fail=1
+
+# -n wins (as the last option)
+touch a b || framework_failure_
+echo y | mv -vin a b 2>/dev/null > out3 || fail=1
+compare out3 out_empty || fail=1
+
+# -n wins (as the last option)
+touch a b || framework_failure_
+echo y | mv -vfn a b 2>/dev/null > out4 || fail=1
+compare out4 out_empty || fail=1
+
+# -n wins (as the last option)
+touch a b || framework_failure_
+echo y | mv -vifn a b 2>/dev/null > out5 || fail=1
+compare out5 out_empty || fail=1
+
+# options --backup and --no-clobber are mutually exclusive
+touch a || framework_failure_
+returns_ 1 mv -bn a b 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/mv-special-1.sh b/tests/mv/mv-special-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6abc916
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/mv-special-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test "mv" with special files.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+cleanup_() { rm -rf "$other_partition_tmpdir"; }
+. "$abs_srcdir/tests/other-fs-tmpdir"
+
+null=mv-null
+dir=mv-dir
+
+rm -f $null || framework_failure_
+mknod $null p || framework_failure_
+test -p $null || framework_failure_
+mkdir -p $dir/a/b/c $dir/d/e/f || framework_failure_
+touch $dir/a/b/c/file1 $dir/d/e/f/file2 || framework_failure_
+
+# We used to...
+# exit 77 here to indicate that we couldn't run the test.
+# At least running on SunOS 4.1.4, using a directory NFS mounted
+# from an OpenBSD system, the above mknod fails.
+# It's not worth making an exception any more.
+
+mv --verbose $null $dir "$other_partition_tmpdir" > out || fail=1
+# Make sure the files are gone.
+test -p $null && fail=1
+test -d $dir && fail=1
+# Make sure they were moved.
+test -p "$other_partition_tmpdir/$null" || fail=1
+test -d "$other_partition_tmpdir/$dir/a/b/c" || fail=1
+
+# POSIX says rename (A, B) can succeed if A and B are on different file systems,
+# so ignore chatter about when files are removed and copied rather than renamed.
+sed "
+  /^removed /d
+  s,renamed ,,
+  s,copied ,,
+  s,$other_partition_tmpdir,XXX,
+  s,created directory 'XXX/\(.*\)','\1' -> 'XXX/\1',
+" out | sort > out2
+
+cat <<EOF | sort > exp
+'$null' -> 'XXX/$null'
+'$dir' -> 'XXX/$dir'
+'$dir/a' -> 'XXX/$dir/a'
+'$dir/a/b' -> 'XXX/$dir/a/b'
+'$dir/a/b/c' -> 'XXX/$dir/a/b/c'
+'$dir/a/b/c/file1' -> 'XXX/$dir/a/b/c/file1'
+'$dir/d' -> 'XXX/$dir/d'
+'$dir/d/e' -> 'XXX/$dir/d/e'
+'$dir/d/e/f' -> 'XXX/$dir/d/e/f'
+'$dir/d/e/f/file2' -> 'XXX/$dir/d/e/f/file2'
+EOF
+
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+# cd "$other_partition_tmpdir"
+# ls -l -A -R "$other_partition_tmpdir"
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/no-target-dir.sh b/tests/mv/no-target-dir.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bfadcb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/no-target-dir.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that --no-target-directory (-T) works when the destination is
+# an empty directory.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+
+LS_FAILURE=2
+
+mkdir -p d/sub empty src d2/sub e2 || framework_failure_
+touch f || framework_failure_
+
+# Skip this test if there's an underlying kernel bug.
+mkdir a b b/a || framework_failure_
+
+mv a b ||
+  skip_ "your kernel's rename syscall is buggy"
+
+
+# This should succeed, since both src and dest are directories,
+# and the dest dir is empty.
+mv -fT d empty || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that the source, d, is gone.
+returns_ $LS_FAILURE ls -d d > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that the dest dir now has a subdirectory.
+test -d empty/sub || fail=1
+
+# rename must fail, since the dest is non-empty.
+returns_ 1 mv -fT src d2 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+
+# rename must fail, since the src is not a directory.
+returns_ 1 mv -fT f e2 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/part-fail.sh b/tests/mv/part-fail.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e617025
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/part-fail.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure we give a sensible diagnostic when a cross-device 'mv'
+# fails, e.g., because the destination cannot be unlinked.
+# This is a bit fragile since it relies on the string used
+# for EPERM: 'permission denied'.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+skip_if_root_
+cleanup_() { t=$other_partition_tmpdir; chmod -R 700 "$t"; rm -rf "$t"; }
+. "$abs_srcdir/tests/other-fs-tmpdir"
+
+touch k "$other_partition_tmpdir/k" || framework_failure_
+chmod u-w "$other_partition_tmpdir" || framework_failure_
+
+
+mv -f k "$other_partition_tmpdir" 2> out && fail=1
+printf \
+"mv: inter-device move failed: '%s' to '%s';"\
+' unable to remove target: Permission denied\n' \
+  k "$other_partition_tmpdir/k" >exp
+
+# On some (less-compliant) systems, we get EPERM in this case.
+# Accept either diagnostic.
+cat <<EOF > exp2
+mv: cannot move 'k' to '$other_partition_tmpdir/k': Permission denied
+EOF
+
+if cmp out exp >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  :
+else
+  if cmp out exp2; then
+    :
+  else
+    fail=1
+  fi
+fi
+test $fail = 1 && compare exp out
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/part-hardlink.sh b/tests/mv/part-hardlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b292584
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/part-hardlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that hard links are preserved when moving between partitions
+# and when the links are in separate command line arguments.
+# For additional constraints, see the comment in copy.c.
+# Before coreutils-5.2.1, this test would fail.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+cleanup_() { rm -rf "$other_partition_tmpdir"; }
+. "$abs_srcdir/tests/other-fs-tmpdir"
+
+touch f || framework_failure_
+ln f g || framework_failure_
+mkdir a b || framework_failure_
+touch a/1 || framework_failure_
+ln a/1 b/1 || framework_failure_
+
+
+mv f g "$other_partition_tmpdir" || fail=1
+mv a b "$other_partition_tmpdir" || fail=1
+
+cd "$other_partition_tmpdir"
+set $(ls -Ci f g)
+test $1 = $3 || fail=1
+set $(ls -Ci a/1 b/1)
+test $1 = $3 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/part-rename.sh b/tests/mv/part-rename.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c9fb9b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/part-rename.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test various cases for moving directories across file systems
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+cleanup_() { rm -rf "$other_partition_tmpdir"; }
+. "$abs_srcdir/tests/other-fs-tmpdir"
+
+
+# Moving a directory specified with a trailing slash from one partition to
+# another, and giving it a different name at the destination would cause mv
+# to get a failed assertion.
+mkdir foo || framework_failure_
+mv foo/ "$other_partition_tmpdir/bar" || fail=1
+
+
+# Moving a non directory from source shouldn't replace empty dir in dest
+touch bar || framework_failure_
+returns_ 1 mv bar "$other_partition_tmpdir/" || fail=1
+
+
+# Moving a directory from source shouldn't replace non directory in dest
+mkdir bar2
+touch "$other_partition_tmpdir/bar2"
+returns_ 1 mv bar2 "$other_partition_tmpdir/" || fail=1
+
+
+# As per POSIX moving directory from source should replace empty dir in dest
+mkdir bar3
+touch bar3/file
+mkdir "$other_partition_tmpdir/bar3"
+mv bar3 "$other_partition_tmpdir/" || fail=1
+test -e "$other_partition_tmpdir/bar3/file" || fail=1
+
+
+# As per POSIX moving directory from source shouldn't update dir in dest
+mkdir bar3
+touch bar3/file2
+returns_ 1 mv bar3 "$other_partition_tmpdir/" || fail=1
+test -e "$other_partition_tmpdir/bar3/file2" && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/part-symlink.sh b/tests/mv/part-symlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..563757a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/part-symlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure cp and mv can handle many combinations of local and
+# other-partition regular/symlink'd files.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp mv
+
+cleanup_() { rm -rf "$other_partition_tmpdir"; }
+. "$abs_srcdir/tests/other-fs-tmpdir"
+
+# On NFS on Linux 2.6.9 at least we get:
+# mv: preserving permissions for 'rem_sl': Operation not supported
+require_local_dir_
+
+pwd_tmp=$(pwd)
+
+# Unset CDPATH.  Otherwise, output from the 'cd dir' command
+# can make this test fail.
+(unset CDPATH) >/dev/null 2>&1 && unset CDPATH
+
+
+# Four cases:
+# local regular file w/symlink on another partition
+#   (loc_reg, rem_sl)
+#   (rem_sl, loc_reg)
+# local symlink to regular file on another partition
+#   (loc_sl, rem_reg)
+#   (rem_reg, loc_sl)
+
+# Exercise those four cases for each of
+# cp and mv, with lots of combinations of options.
+
+exec 1> actual
+
+# FIXME: This should be bigger: like more than 8k
+contents=XYZ
+
+loc_reg=loc_reg
+loc_sl=loc_sl
+rem_reg=$other_partition_tmpdir/rem_reg
+rem_sl=$other_partition_tmpdir/rem_sl
+
+for copy in cp mv; do
+  for args in \
+      'loc_reg rem_sl' \
+      'rem_sl loc_reg' \
+      'loc_sl rem_reg' \
+      'rem_reg loc_sl' \
+      ; do
+    for options in '' --rem '--rem -d' '--rem -b' -b -bd -d; do
+      case "$options" in *d*|*--rem*) test $copy = mv && continue;; esac
+      rm -rf dir || fail=1
+      rm -f "$other_partition_tmpdir"/* || fail=1
+      mkdir dir || fail=1
+      cd dir || fail=1
+      case "$args" in *loc_reg*) reg_abs="$(pwd)/$loc_reg" ;; esac
+      case "$args" in *rem_reg*) reg_abs=$rem_reg ;; esac
+      case "$args" in *loc_sl*) slink=$loc_sl ;; esac
+      case "$args" in *rem_sl*) slink=$rem_sl ;; esac
+
+      echo $contents > "$reg_abs" || framework_failure_
+      ln -nsf "$reg_abs" $slink || fail=1
+      actual_args=$(echo $args|sed 's,^,$,;s/ / $/')
+      actual_args=$(eval echo $actual_args)
+
+      (
+        (
+          # echo 1>&2 cp $options $args
+          $copy $options $actual_args 2>.err
+          copy_status=$?
+          echo $copy_status $copy $options $args
+
+          # Normalize the program name in the error output,
+          # remove any site-dependent part of other-partition file name,
+          # and put brackets around the output.
+          test -s .err \
+            && {
+            echo ' [' | tr -d '\n'
+            sed 's/^[^:][^:]*\(..\):/\1:/;s,'"$other_partition_tmpdir/,," .err |
+              tr -d '\n'
+            echo ']'
+            }
+          # Strip off all but the file names.
+          # Remove any site-dependent part of each file name.
+          ls=$(ls -gG --ignore=.err . \
+               | sed \
+                  -e '/^total /d' \
+                  -e "s,$other_partition_tmpdir/,," \
+                  -e "s,$pwd_tmp/,," \
+                  -e 's/^[^ ]*  *[^ ]*  *[^ ]*  *[^ ]*  *[^ ]*  *[^ ]*  *//')
+          ls2=$(cd "$other_partition_tmpdir" && ls -gG --ignore=.err . \
+                | sed \
+                  -e '/^total /d' \
+                  -e "s,$other_partition_tmpdir/,," \
+                  -e "s,$pwd_tmp/,," \
+                  -e 's/^[^ ]*  *[^ ]*  *[^ ]*  *[^ ]*  *[^ ]*  *[^ ]*  *//')
+          echo " ("$ls") ("$ls2")"
+
+          # If the command failed, then it must not have changed the files.
+          if test $copy_status != 0; then
+            for f in $actual_args; do
+              test -f $f ||
+                { echo " $copy FAILED but removed $f"; continue; }
+              case "$(cat $f)" in
+                "$contents") ;;
+                *) echo " $copy FAILED but modified $f";;
+              esac
+            done
+          fi
+
+          if test $copy = cp; then
+            # Make sure the original is unchanged and that
+            # the destination is a copy.
+            for f in $actual_args; do
+              if test -f $f; then
+                if test $copy_status != 0; then
+                  test
+                fi
+                case "$(cat $f)" in
+                  "$contents") ;;
+                  *) echo " $copy FAILED";;
+                esac
+              else
+                echo " symlink-loop"
+              fi
+            done
+          fi
+        )
+      ) | sed 's/  *$//'
+      cd ..
+    done
+    echo
+  done
+done
+
+test $fail = 1 &&
+  { (exit 1); exit; }
+
+cat <<\EOF > expected || framework_failure_
+1 cp loc_reg rem_sl
+ [cp: 'loc_reg' and 'rem_sl' are the same file]
+ (loc_reg) (rem_sl -> dir/loc_reg)
+0 cp --rem loc_reg rem_sl
+ (loc_reg) (rem_sl)
+0 cp --rem -d loc_reg rem_sl
+ (loc_reg) (rem_sl)
+0 cp --rem -b loc_reg rem_sl
+ (loc_reg) (rem_sl rem_sl~ -> dir/loc_reg)
+0 cp -b loc_reg rem_sl
+ (loc_reg) (rem_sl rem_sl~ -> dir/loc_reg)
+0 cp -bd loc_reg rem_sl
+ (loc_reg) (rem_sl rem_sl~ -> dir/loc_reg)
+1 cp -d loc_reg rem_sl
+ [cp: 'loc_reg' and 'rem_sl' are the same file]
+ (loc_reg) (rem_sl -> dir/loc_reg)
+
+1 cp rem_sl loc_reg
+ [cp: 'rem_sl' and 'loc_reg' are the same file]
+ (loc_reg) (rem_sl -> dir/loc_reg)
+1 cp --rem rem_sl loc_reg
+ [cp: 'rem_sl' and 'loc_reg' are the same file]
+ (loc_reg) (rem_sl -> dir/loc_reg)
+1 cp --rem -d rem_sl loc_reg
+ [cp: 'rem_sl' and 'loc_reg' are the same file]
+ (loc_reg) (rem_sl -> dir/loc_reg)
+1 cp --rem -b rem_sl loc_reg
+ [cp: 'rem_sl' and 'loc_reg' are the same file]
+ (loc_reg) (rem_sl -> dir/loc_reg)
+1 cp -b rem_sl loc_reg
+ [cp: 'rem_sl' and 'loc_reg' are the same file]
+ (loc_reg) (rem_sl -> dir/loc_reg)
+0 cp -bd rem_sl loc_reg
+ (loc_reg -> dir/loc_reg loc_reg~) (rem_sl -> dir/loc_reg)
+ symlink-loop
+ symlink-loop
+1 cp -d rem_sl loc_reg
+ [cp: 'rem_sl' and 'loc_reg' are the same file]
+ (loc_reg) (rem_sl -> dir/loc_reg)
+
+1 cp loc_sl rem_reg
+ [cp: 'loc_sl' and 'rem_reg' are the same file]
+ (loc_sl -> rem_reg) (rem_reg)
+1 cp --rem loc_sl rem_reg
+ [cp: 'loc_sl' and 'rem_reg' are the same file]
+ (loc_sl -> rem_reg) (rem_reg)
+1 cp --rem -d loc_sl rem_reg
+ [cp: 'loc_sl' and 'rem_reg' are the same file]
+ (loc_sl -> rem_reg) (rem_reg)
+1 cp --rem -b loc_sl rem_reg
+ [cp: 'loc_sl' and 'rem_reg' are the same file]
+ (loc_sl -> rem_reg) (rem_reg)
+1 cp -b loc_sl rem_reg
+ [cp: 'loc_sl' and 'rem_reg' are the same file]
+ (loc_sl -> rem_reg) (rem_reg)
+0 cp -bd loc_sl rem_reg
+ (loc_sl -> rem_reg) (rem_reg -> rem_reg rem_reg~)
+ symlink-loop
+ symlink-loop
+1 cp -d loc_sl rem_reg
+ [cp: 'loc_sl' and 'rem_reg' are the same file]
+ (loc_sl -> rem_reg) (rem_reg)
+
+1 cp rem_reg loc_sl
+ [cp: 'rem_reg' and 'loc_sl' are the same file]
+ (loc_sl -> rem_reg) (rem_reg)
+0 cp --rem rem_reg loc_sl
+ (loc_sl) (rem_reg)
+0 cp --rem -d rem_reg loc_sl
+ (loc_sl) (rem_reg)
+0 cp --rem -b rem_reg loc_sl
+ (loc_sl loc_sl~ -> rem_reg) (rem_reg)
+0 cp -b rem_reg loc_sl
+ (loc_sl loc_sl~ -> rem_reg) (rem_reg)
+0 cp -bd rem_reg loc_sl
+ (loc_sl loc_sl~ -> rem_reg) (rem_reg)
+1 cp -d rem_reg loc_sl
+ [cp: 'rem_reg' and 'loc_sl' are the same file]
+ (loc_sl -> rem_reg) (rem_reg)
+
+0 mv loc_reg rem_sl
+ () (rem_sl)
+0 mv -b loc_reg rem_sl
+ () (rem_sl rem_sl~ -> dir/loc_reg)
+
+1 mv rem_sl loc_reg
+ [mv: 'rem_sl' and 'loc_reg' are the same file]
+ (loc_reg) (rem_sl -> dir/loc_reg)
+0 mv -b rem_sl loc_reg
+ (loc_reg -> dir/loc_reg loc_reg~) ()
+
+1 mv loc_sl rem_reg
+ [mv: 'loc_sl' and 'rem_reg' are the same file]
+ (loc_sl -> rem_reg) (rem_reg)
+0 mv -b loc_sl rem_reg
+ () (rem_reg -> rem_reg rem_reg~)
+
+0 mv rem_reg loc_sl
+ (loc_sl) ()
+0 mv -b rem_reg loc_sl
+ (loc_sl loc_sl~ -> rem_reg) ()
+
+EOF
+
+# Redirect to stderr, since stdout is already taken.
+compare expected actual 1>&2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/partition-perm.sh b/tests/mv/partition-perm.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c813ec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/partition-perm.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure permissions are preserved when moving from one partition to another.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1999-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+cleanup_() { rm -rf "$other_partition_tmpdir"; }
+. "$abs_srcdir/tests/other-fs-tmpdir"
+
+> file || framework_failure_
+chmod a=rwx file || framework_failure_
+
+umask 077
+mv file "$other_partition_tmpdir" || framework_failure_
+
+test -f file && fail=1
+test -f "$other_partition_tmpdir/file" || fail=1
+
+# This would have failed with the mv from fileutils-4.0i.
+mode=$(ls -l "$other_partition_tmpdir/file" | cut -b-10)
+test "$mode" = "-rwxrwxrwx" || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/perm-1.sh b/tests/mv/perm-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..079201a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/perm-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that mv gives one diagnostic, not two, when failing
+# due to lack of permissions
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+skip_if_root_
+
+mkdir -p no-write/dir || framework_failure_
+chmod ug-w no-write || framework_failure_
+
+
+mv no-write/dir . > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+mv: cannot move 'no-write/dir' to './dir': Permission denied
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/sticky-to-xpart.sh b/tests/mv/sticky-to-xpart.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e9d87a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/sticky-to-xpart.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# A cross-partition move of a file in a sticky tmpdir and owned by
+# someone else would evoke an invalid diagnostic:
+# mv: cannot remove 'x': Operation not permitted
+# Affects coreutils-6.0-6.9.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+require_root_
+
+cleanup_() { rm -rf "$other_partition_tmpdir"; }
+. "$abs_srcdir/tests/other-fs-tmpdir"
+
+# Set up to run a test where non-root user tries to move a root-owned
+# file from a sticky tmpdir to a directory owned by that user on
+# a different partition.
+
+mkdir t || framework_failure_
+chmod a=rwx,o+t t || framework_failure_
+echo > t/root-owned || framework_failure_
+chmod a+r t/root-owned || framework_failure_
+chown "$NON_ROOT_USERNAME" "$other_partition_tmpdir" || framework_failure_
+
+# We have to allow $NON_ROOT_USERNAME access to ".".
+chmod go+x . || framework_failure_
+
+
+# Ensure that $NON_ROOT_USERNAME can access the required version of mv.
+version=$(
+  chroot --skip-chdir --user=$NON_ROOT_USERNAME / env PATH="$PATH" \
+    mv --version |
+  sed -n '1s/.* //p'
+)
+case $version in
+  $PACKAGE_VERSION) ;;
+  *) skip_ "cannot access just-built mv as user $NON_ROOT_USERNAME";;
+esac
+
+chroot --skip-chdir --user=$NON_ROOT_USERNAME / env PATH="$PATH" \
+  mv t/root-owned "$other_partition_tmpdir" 2> out-t && fail=1
+
+# On some systems, we get 'Not owner'.  Convert it.
+# On other systems (HPUX), we get 'Permission denied'.  Convert it, too.
+onp='Operation not permitted'
+sed "s/Not owner/$onp/;s/Permission denied/$onp/" out-t > out
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+mv: cannot remove 't/root-owned': Operation not permitted
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/symlink-onto-hardlink-to-self.sh b/tests/mv/symlink-onto-hardlink-to-self.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..686cfbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/symlink-onto-hardlink-to-self.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Demonstrate that when moving a symlink onto a hardlink-to-that-symlink,
+# an error is presented.  Depending on your kernel (e.g., Linux, Solaris,
+# but not NetBSD), prior to coreutils-8.16, the mv would successfully perform
+# a no-op.  I.e., surprisingly, mv s1 s2 would succeed, yet fail to remove s1.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+
+# Create a file f, and a symlink s1 to that file.
+touch f || framework_failure_
+ln -s f s2 || framework_failure_
+
+# Attempt to create a hard link to that symlink.
+# On some systems, it's not possible: they create a hard link to the referent.
+ln s2 s1 || framework_failure_
+
+# If s1 is not a symlink, skip this test.
+test -h s1 \
+  || skip_ your kernel or file system cannot create a hard link to a symlink
+
+for opt in '' --backup; do
+
+  if test "$opt" = --backup; then
+    mv $opt s1 s2 > out 2>&1 || fail=1
+    compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+
+    # Ensure that s1 is gone.
+    test -e s1 && fail=1
+
+    # With --backup, ensure that the backup file was created.
+    ref=$(readlink s2~) || fail=1
+    test "$ref" = f || fail=1
+  else
+    echo "mv: 's1' and 's2' are the same file" > exp
+    mv $opt s1 s2 2>err && fail=1
+    compare exp err || fail=1
+
+    # Ensure that s1 is still present.
+    test -e s1 || fail=1
+
+    # Without --backup, ensure there is no backup file.
+    test -e s2~ && fail=1
+  fi
+
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/symlink-onto-hardlink.sh b/tests/mv/symlink-onto-hardlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c24e3fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/symlink-onto-hardlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that mv works with a few symlink-onto-hard-link cases.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+
+touch f || framework_failure_
+ln f h || framework_failure_
+ln -s f s || framework_failure_
+
+# Given two links f and h to some important content, and a symlink s to f,
+# "mv s f" must fail because it might then be hard to find the link, h.
+# "mv s l" may succeed because then, s (now "l") still points to f.
+# Of course, if the symlink were being moved into a different destination
+# directory, things would be very different, and, I suspect, implausible.
+
+echo "mv: 's' and 'f' are the same file" > exp || framework_failure_
+mv s f > out 2> err && fail=1
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+compare exp err || fail=1
+
+mv s l > out 2> err || fail=1
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/to-symlink.sh b/tests/mv/to-symlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f249498
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/to-symlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure that the copying code used in an inter-partition
+# move unlinks a destination symlink before opening it.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1999-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+cleanup_() { rm -rf "$other_partition_tmpdir"; }
+. "$abs_srcdir/tests/other-fs-tmpdir"
+
+rem_file="$other_partition_tmpdir/file"
+rem_symlink="$other_partition_tmpdir/symlink"
+file=to-sym
+
+echo local > $file || framework_failure_
+echo remote > $rem_file || framework_failure_
+ln -s $rem_file $rem_symlink || framework_failure_
+
+# This mv command should succeed, unlinking the symlink
+# before copying.
+mv $file $rem_symlink || fail=1
+
+# Make sure $file is gone.
+test -f $file && fail=1
+
+# Make sure $rem_file is unmodified.
+test $(cat $rem_file) = remote || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/trailing-slash.sh b/tests/mv/trailing-slash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9675d20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/trailing-slash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# On some operating systems, e.g. SunOS-4.1.1_U1 on sun3x,
+# rename() doesn't accept trailing slashes.
+# Also, ensure that "mv dir non-exist-dir/" works.
+# Also, ensure that "cp dir non-exist-dir/" works.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ mv
+
+mkdir foo || framework_failure_
+
+
+mv foo/ bar || fail=1
+
+# mv and cp would misbehave for coreutils versions [5.3.0..5.97], 6.0 and 6.1
+for cmd in mv 'cp -r'; do
+  for opt in '' -T -u; do
+    rm -rf d e || framework_failure_
+    mkdir d    || framework_failure_
+
+    $cmd $opt d e/ || fail=1
+    if test "$cmd" = mv; then
+      test -d d && fail=1
+    else
+      test -d d || fail=1
+    fi
+    test -d e || fail=1
+  done
+done
+
+# We would like the erroneous-looking "mv any non-dir/" to fail,
+# but with the current implementation, it depends on how the
+# underlying rename syscall handles the trailing slash.
+# It does fail, as desired, on recent Linux and Solaris systems.
+#touch a a2
+#returns_ 1 mv a a2/ || fail=1
+
+# Test for a cp-specific diagnostic introduced after coreutils-8.7:
+printf '%s\n' \
+  "cp: cannot create regular file 'no-such/': Not a directory" \
+> expected-err
+touch b
+cp b no-such/ 2> err
+
+# Map "No such file..." diagnostic to the expected "Not a directory"
+sed 's/No such file or directory/Not a directory/' err > k && mv k err
+
+compare expected-err err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/mv/update.sh b/tests/mv/update.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4637448
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mv/update.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure --update works as advertised
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ cp mv
+
+echo old > old || framework_failure_
+touch -d yesterday old || framework_failure_
+echo new > new || framework_failure_
+
+
+for interactive in '' -i; do
+  for cp_or_mv in cp mv; do
+    # This is a no-op, with no prompt.
+    # With coreutils-6.9 and earlier, using --update with -i would
+    # mistakenly elicit a prompt.
+    $cp_or_mv $interactive --update old new < /dev/null > out 2>&1 || fail=1
+    compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+    case "$(cat new)" in new) ;; *) fail=1 ;; esac
+    case "$(cat old)" in old) ;; *) fail=1 ;; esac
+  done
+done
+
+# This will actually perform the rename.
+mv --update new old || fail=1
+test -f new && fail=1
+case "$(cat old)" in new) ;; *) fail=1 ;; esac
+
+# Restore initial conditions.
+echo old > old || framework_failure_
+touch -d yesterday old || fail=1
+echo new > new || framework_failure_
+
+# This will actually perform the copy.
+cp --update new old || fail=1
+case "$(cat old)" in new) ;; *) fail=1 ;; esac
+case "$(cat new)" in new) ;; *) fail=1 ;; esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/no-perl b/tests/no-perl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19cfcfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/no-perl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Perl is not available, the test should be considered skipped.
+# FD 9 should have been opened by the test suite harness, pointing
+# to the original stderr (usually, the user's terminal).
+echo "test skipped: no usable version of Perl found" >&9
+exit 77
diff --git a/tests/other-fs-tmpdir b/tests/other-fs-tmpdir
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d39ffd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/other-fs-tmpdir
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Use stat to find a writable directory on a file system different from that
+# of the current directory.  If one is found, create a temporary directory
+# inside it.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+test "${CANDIDATE_TMP_DIRS+set}" = set \
+  || CANDIDATE_TMP_DIRS="$TMPDIR /tmp /dev/shm /var/tmp /usr/tmp $HOME"
+
+other_partition_tmpdir=
+
+dot_mount_point=$(stat -c %d .)
+for d in $CANDIDATE_TMP_DIRS; do
+
+  # Skip nonexistent directories.
+  test -d "$d" || continue
+
+  d_mount_point=$(stat -L -c %d "$d")
+
+  # Same partition?  Skip it.
+  test "x$d_mount_point" = "x$dot_mount_point" && continue
+
+  # See if we can create a directory in it.
+  if mkdir "$d/tmp$$" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+    other_partition_tmpdir="$d/tmp$$"
+    break
+  fi
+
+done
+
+if test -z "$other_partition_tmpdir"; then
+  skip_ \
+"requires a writable directory on a different file system,
+and I couldn't find one.  I tried these:
+  $CANDIDATE_TMP_DIRS
+Set your environment variable CANDIDATE_TMP_DIRS to make
+this test use a different list."
+fi
+
+test "$VERBOSE" = yes && set -x
diff --git a/tests/pr/0F b/tests/pr/0F
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..680117c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/0F
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's at Start of File             V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: Empty Pages at start
+7   \ftext; \f\ntext;
+8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntext; \f\n\ftext; \f\n\f\n;
+9 3456789 123456789 123456789  
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/0FF b/tests/pr/0FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..934512b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/0FF
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's at Start of File             V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: Empty Pages at start
+7   \ftext; \f\ntext;
+8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntext; \f\n\ftext; \f\n\f\n;
+9 3456789 123456789 123456789  
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/0FFnt b/tests/pr/0FFnt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19ecc4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/0FFnt
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's at Start of File             V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: Empty Pages at start
+7   \ftext; \f\ntext;
+8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntext; \f\n\ftext; \f\n\f\n;
+9 3456789 123456789 123456789  
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
diff --git a/tests/pr/0FFt b/tests/pr/0FFt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38e91e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/0FFt
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's at Start of File             V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: Empty Pages at start
+7   \ftext; \f\ntext;
+8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntext; \f\n\ftext; \f\n\f\n;
+9 3456789 123456789 123456789  
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
diff --git a/tests/pr/0FnFnt b/tests/pr/0FnFnt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..364bd94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/0FnFnt
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's at Start of File             V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: Empty Pages at start
+7   \ftext; \f\ntext;
+8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntext; \f\n\ftext; \f\n\f\n;
+9 3456789 123456789 123456789  
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
diff --git a/tests/pr/0FnFt b/tests/pr/0FnFt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb01651
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/0FnFt
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's at Start of File             V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: Empty Pages at start
+7   \ftext; \f\ntext;
+8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntext; \f\n\ftext; \f\n\f\n;
+9 3456789 123456789 123456789  
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
diff --git a/tests/pr/0Fnt b/tests/pr/0Fnt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ba3a90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/0Fnt
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's at Start of File             V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: Empty Pages at start
+7   \ftext; \f\ntext;
+8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntext; \f\n\ftext; \f\n\f\n;
+9 3456789 123456789 123456789  
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
diff --git a/tests/pr/0Ft b/tests/pr/0Ft
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdd599d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/0Ft
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's at Start of File             V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: Empty Pages at start
+7   \ftext; \f\ntext;
+8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntext; \f\n\ftext; \f\n\f\n;
+9 3456789 123456789 123456789  
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
diff --git a/tests/pr/2-S_f-t_notab b/tests/pr/2-S_f-t_notab
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63db297
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/2-S_f-t_notab
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+aaaa.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzz:dddd.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzz
+bbbb.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzz:eeee.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzz
+cccc.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzz
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/2-Sf-t_notab b/tests/pr/2-Sf-t_notab
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1ded49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/2-Sf-t_notab
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+aaaa.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzzdddd.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzz
+bbbb.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzzeeee.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzz
+cccc.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzz
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/2f-t_notab b/tests/pr/2f-t_notab
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa41590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/2f-t_notab
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+aaaa.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzz dddd.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzz
+bbbb.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzz eeee.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzz
+cccc.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzz
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/2s_f-t_notab b/tests/pr/2s_f-t_notab
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ff05f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/2s_f-t_notab
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+aaaa.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzzzzz-aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa:dddd.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzzzzz-dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
+bbbb.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzzzzz-bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb:eeee.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzzzzz-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
+cccc.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzzzzz-cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/2s_w60f-t_nota b/tests/pr/2s_w60f-t_nota
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..658df5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/2s_w60f-t_nota
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                   x                   Page 1
+
+
+aaaa.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw:dddd.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw
+bbbb.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw:eeee.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw
+cccc.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/2sf-t_notab b/tests/pr/2sf-t_notab
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcfe5b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/2sf-t_notab
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+aaaa.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzzzzz-aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	dddd.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzzzzz-dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
+bbbb.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzzzzz-bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb	eeee.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzzzzz-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
+cccc.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzzzzz-cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/2sw60f-t_notab b/tests/pr/2sw60f-t_notab
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3215794
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/2sw60f-t_notab
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                   x                   Page 1
+
+
+aaaa.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-dddd.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-
+bbbb.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-eeee.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-
+cccc.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/2w60f-t_notab b/tests/pr/2w60f-t_notab
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0ca20c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/2w60f-t_notab
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                   x                   Page 1
+
+
+aaaa.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw dddd.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw
+bbbb.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw eeee.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw
+cccc.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/3-0F b/tests/pr/3-0F
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eff257a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3-0F
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+
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diff --git a/tests/pr/3-5l24f-t b/tests/pr/3-5l24f-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f35bd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3-5l24f-t
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
+1
+2
+3  ------- EOF -------- EOF -------- EOF -------
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/3-FF b/tests/pr/3-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7afab0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,462 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+
+
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+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
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+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
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+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
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+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
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+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
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+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
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diff --git a/tests/pr/3a2l17-FF b/tests/pr/3a2l17-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b019823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3a2l17-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+7				    8
+9 3456789 ab			    20 DEFGHI 123
+1				    2
+3				    4
+5				    6
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-te 28 no trunc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+1				    2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3				    4
+5				    6
+7				    8
+9 3456789 abcdefghi		    40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
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+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
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+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
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+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+5				    6
+7				    8
+9				    50
+1				    2
+3				    4
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+9				    60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/3a3f-0F b/tests/pr/3a3f-0F
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8ff094
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3a3f-0F
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	16 456789 123456789 xyz 7
+8			9 3456789 ab		20 DEFGHI 123
+1			2			3
+4			5			6
+27 no truncation before 28 no trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	30 456789 123456789 xyz 1
+2 3456789 abcdefghi	3
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/3a3l15-t b/tests/pr/3a3l15-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d555f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3a3l15-t
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+1			2 3456789 abcdefghi	3
+4			5			6
+7			8			9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789	41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 42 456789 123456789 abc
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	44 456789 123456789 xyz 5
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+6			7			8
+9			50			1
+2			3			4
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 56 456789 123456789 abc 57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+58 456789 123456789 xyz 9			60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+1			2			3  ------- EOF --------
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/3a3l15f-t b/tests/pr/3a3l15f-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99f5a6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3a3l15f-t
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+1			2 3456789 abcdefghi	3
+4			5			6
+7			8			9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789	41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 42 456789 123456789 abc
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	44 456789 123456789 xyz 5
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+6			7			8
+9			50			1
+2			3			4
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 56 456789 123456789 abc 57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+58 456789 123456789 xyz 9			60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+1			2			3  ------- EOF --------
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/3b2l17-FF b/tests/pr/3b2l17-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ec3097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3b2l17-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    2
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 3
+7				    4
+8				    5
+9 3456789 ab			    6
+20 DEFGHI 123			    27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-te
+1				    28 no trunc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    6
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 7
+1				    8
+2 3456789 abcdefghi		    9 3456789 abcdefghi
+3				    40 DEFGHI 123456789
+4				    41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+5				    42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    50
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 1
+5				    2
+6				    3
+7				    4
+8				    55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+9				    56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    9
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/3b3f-0F b/tests/pr/3b3f-0F
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58aff18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3b3f-0F
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	20 DEFGHI 123		5
+16 456789 123456789 xyz 1			6
+7			2			27 no truncation before
+8			3			28 no trunc
+9 3456789 ab		4
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	1			3
+30 456789 123456789 xyz 2 3456789 abcdefghi
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/3b3f-0FF b/tests/pr/3b3f-0FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..463d8bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3b3f-0FF
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's at St 6   FF-Arangements: Emp 1
+2   Options -b -3 / -a	7   \ftext; \f\ntext;	2
+3   ------------------- 8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntex 3 line truncation befor
+4 3456789 123456789 123 9 3456789 123456789 123 14 456789 123456789 123
+5   3 Columns downwards 10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	20 DEFGHI 123		5
+16 456789 123456789 xyz 1			6
+7			2			27 no truncation before
+8			3			28 no trunc
+9 3456789 ab		4
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	1			3
+30 456789 123456789 xyz 2 3456789 abcdefghi
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/3b3f-FF b/tests/pr/3b3f-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b22767
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3b3f-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	20 DEFGHI 123		5
+16 456789 123456789 xyz 1			6
+7			2			27 no truncation before
+8			3			28 no trunc
+9 3456789 ab		4
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	4			9 3456789 abcdefghi
+30 456789 123456789 xyz 5			40 DEFGHI 123456789
+1			6			41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a
+2 3456789 abcdefghi	7			42 456789 123456789 abc
+3			8
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	8			3
+44 456789 123456789 xyz 9			4
+5			50			55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a
+6			1			56 456789 123456789 abc
+7			2
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	9			60 DEFGHI 123456789
+58 456789 123456789 xyz
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/3b3l15-t b/tests/pr/3b3l15-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbec31d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3b3l15-t
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+1			6			41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a
+2 3456789 abcdefghi	7			42 456789 123456789 abc
+3			8			43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+4			9 3456789 abcdefghi	44 456789 123456789 xyz
+5			40 DEFGHI 123456789	5
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+6			1			56 456789 123456789 abc
+7			2			57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+8			3			58 456789 123456789 xyz
+9			4			9
+50			55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+1			2			3  ------- EOF --------
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/3b3l15f-t b/tests/pr/3b3l15f-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a49dcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3b3l15f-t
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+1			6			41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a
+2 3456789 abcdefghi	7			42 456789 123456789 abc
+3			8			43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+4			9 3456789 abcdefghi	44 456789 123456789 xyz
+5			40 DEFGHI 123456789	5
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+6			1			56 456789 123456789 abc
+7			2			57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+8			3			58 456789 123456789 xyz
+9			4			9
+50			55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+1			2			3  ------- EOF --------
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/3f-0F b/tests/pr/3f-0F
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39a32c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3f-0F
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/3f-FF b/tests/pr/3f-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52b881c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3f-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/3l24-t b/tests/pr/3l24-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6645155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3l24-t
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
+1
+2
+3  ------- EOF -------- EOF -------- EOF -------
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/3l24f-t b/tests/pr/3l24f-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f35bd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3l24f-t
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
+1
+2
+3  ------- EOF -------- EOF -------- EOF -------
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/3ml24-FF b/tests/pr/3ml24-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6939741
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3ml24-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+7				    7
+8				    8
+9 3456789 ab			    9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123			    20 DEFGHI 123
+1				    1
+2				    2
+3				    3
+4				    4
+5				    5
+6				    6
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-te 27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-te
+28 no trunc			    28 no trunc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+1				    1
+2 3456789 abcdefghi		    2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3				    3
+4				    4
+5				    5
+6				    6
+7				    7
+8				    8
+9 3456789 abcdefghi		    9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789		    40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+5				    5
+6				    6
+7				    7
+8				    8
+9				    9
+50				    50
+1				    1
+2				    2
+3				    3
+4				    4
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+9				    9
+60 DEFGHI 123456789		    60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/3ml24-t b/tests/pr/3ml24-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b58463
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3ml24-t
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+1				    1
+2 3456789 abcdefghi		    2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3				    3
+4				    4
+5				    5
+6				    6
+7				    7
+8				    8
+9 3456789 abcdefghi		    9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789		    40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+5				    5
+6				    6
+7				    7
+8				    8
+9				    9
+50				    50
+1				    1
+2				    2
+3				    3
+4				    4
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+9				    9
+60 DEFGHI 123456789		    60 DEFGHI 123456789
+1				    1
+2				    2
+3  ------- EOF -------- EOF ------- 3  ------- EOF -------- EOF -------
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/3ml24-t-FF b/tests/pr/3ml24-t-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bf5d5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3ml24-t-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+1				    7
+2 3456789 abcdefghi		    8
+3				    9 3456789 ab
+4				    20 DEFGHI 123
+5				    1
+6				    2
+7				    3
+8				    4
+9 3456789 abcdefghi		    5
+40 DEFGHI 123456789		    6
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-te
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 28 no trunc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 
+5				    
+6				    
+7				    
+8				    
+9				    
+50				    
+1				    
+2				    
+3				    
+4				    
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+9				    1
+60 DEFGHI 123456789		    2 3456789 abcdefghi
+1				    3
+2				    4
+3  ------- EOF -------- EOF ------- 5
+				    6
+				    7
+				    8
+				    9 3456789 abcdefghi
+				    40 DEFGHI 123456789
+				    41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+				    42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+				    43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+				    44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+				    5
+				    6
+				    7
+				    8
+				    9
+				    50
+				    1
+				    2
+				    3
+				    4
+				    55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+				    56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+				    57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+				    58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+				    9
+				    60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/3ml24f-t b/tests/pr/3ml24f-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f92748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/3ml24f-t
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+1				    1
+2 3456789 abcdefghi		    2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3				    3
+4				    4
+5				    5
+6				    6
+7				    7
+8				    8
+9 3456789 abcdefghi		    9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789		    40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+5				    5
+6				    6
+7				    7
+8				    8
+9				    9
+50				    50
+1				    1
+2				    2
+3				    3
+4				    4
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+9				    9
+60 DEFGHI 123456789		    60 DEFGHI 123456789
+1				    1
+2				    2
+3  ------- EOF -------- EOF ------- 3  ------- EOF -------- EOF -------
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/4-7l24-FF b/tests/pr/4-7l24-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13b106e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/4-7l24-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/4l24-FF b/tests/pr/4l24-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bd96a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/4l24-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/FF b/tests/pr/FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fc2703
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/FF
@@ -0,0 +1,594 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Text                      V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: One Empty Page
+7   text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;
+8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;
+9   
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
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+
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+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/FFn b/tests/pr/FFn
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab7c036
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/FFn
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Text                      V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: One Empty Page
+7   text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;
+8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;
+9   
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
diff --git a/tests/pr/FFtn b/tests/pr/FFtn
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfd229b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/FFtn
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Text                      V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: One Empty Page
+7   text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;
+8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;
+9   
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
diff --git a/tests/pr/FnFn b/tests/pr/FnFn
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa91aba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/FnFn
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Text                      V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: One Empty Page
+7   text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;
+8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;
+9   
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
diff --git a/tests/pr/Ja3l24f-lm b/tests/pr/Ja3l24f-lm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6b7df7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/Ja3l24f-lm
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1<<<  -Test: FF's in Text		     >>>	2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / ...  >>>	3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678  >>>		6<<<	 -Arangements: One Empty Page  >>>
+7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;	 >>>	8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;  >>>	9<<<  >>>
+10<<<  >>>	1<<<	 >>>	2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:  >>>	14<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	16<<<	123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	7<<<	 >>>
+8<<<  >>>	9<<<	>>>	20<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>		
+4<<<  >>>	5<<<	>>>	6<<<  >>>
+27<<<  truncation before FF; (r_l-test):  >>>	28<<<  trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  abcdefghi	 >>>	3<<<  >>>	4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>	6<<<	>>>	7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>	9<<<	abcdefghi  >>>	40<<<  123456789	 >>>
+41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   >>>	42<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	44<<<	123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	5<<<	 >>>
+6<<<  >>>	7<<<	>>>	8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>	50<<<	 >>>	1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>	3<<<	>>>	4<<<  >>>
+55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	56<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	58<<<	123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	9<<<	 >>>
+60<<<  123456789  >>>
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/Jb3l24f-lm b/tests/pr/Jb3l24f-lm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..220b058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/Jb3l24f-lm
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1<<<  -Test: FF's in Text		     >>>	6<<<  -Arangements: One Empty Page  >>>	1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / ...  >>>	7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;	>>>	2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  >>>	8<<<	f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;  >>>	3<<<  truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:  >>>
+4<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678  >>>	9<<<	>>> 	14<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789  >>>
+	10<<<	>>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	20<<<	>>>	5<<<	 >>>
+16<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	1<<<	>>>	6<<<	>>>
+7<<<  >>>		27<<<	truncation before FF; (r_l-test):  >>>
+8<<<  >>>		28<<<	trunc
+9<<<  >>>	4<<<	>>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	4<<<  >>>	9<<<	abcdefghi  >>>
+30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	5<<<	>>>	40<<<	 123456789  >>>
+1<<<  >>>	6<<<	>>>	41<<<	 XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   >>>
+2<<<  abcdefghi	 >>>	7<<<  >>>	42<<<	 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI	>>>
+3<<<  >>>	8<<<	>>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	8<<<  >>>	3<<<	>>>
+44<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	9<<<	>>>	4<<<	>>>
+5<<<  >>>	50<<<	 >>>	55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+6<<<  >>>	1<<<	>>>	56<<<	 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI	>>>
+7<<<  >>>	2<<<	>>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	9<<<  >>>	60<<<	 123456789  >>>
+58<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/Jml24f-lm-lo b/tests/pr/Jml24f-lm-lo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66af2d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/Jml24f-lm-lo
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1<<<  -Test: FF's in Text		     >>>	1:::  Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by Hand"    :::
+2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / ...  >>>	2:::  Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]   :::
+3<<<  >>>	3:::	Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]   :::
+4<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678  >>>	4:::	Options	      [+2|+3] [-l 24|17] [-f]	:::
+	5:::  :::
+6<<<  -Arangements: One Empty Page  >>>	6:::  --------------------------------------------   :::
+7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;	 >>>	7:::  789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890	:::
+8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;	>>>	8:::  3 Columns downwards, across, ...:  :::
+9<<<  >>> 	9:::	 With columns use  <= 5 text lines/page,  :::
+10<<<  >>>	10:::  without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = total lines/page,  :::
+1<<<  >>>	1:::	with -f e.g.   :  -l 8 -f  :::
+2<<<  >>>	2:::	:::
+3<<<  truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:  >>>	3:::  line truncation before new page; r_r_o_l-test:  :::
+14<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789  >>>	14:::	 89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+	15:::	xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::
+	16:::	456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::
+	7:::  12345678	 :::
+	8:::  12345678	 :::
+	9:::  3456789 ab  :::
+	20:::	DEFGHI 123  :::
+	21:::	89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+	2:::  12345678	 :::
+	3:::  12345678	 :::
+	4:::  12345678	 :::
+	5:::  12345678	 :::
+	6:::  12345678	 :::
+	27:::	no truncation before nwe page; (r_l-test):  :::
+	28:::	89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	29:::	xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::
+16<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	30:::	 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::
+7<<<  >>>	1:::	12345678  :::
+8<<<  >>>	2:::	3456789 abcdefghi  :::
+9<<<  >>>	3:::	12345678  :::
+20<<<  >>>	4:::	 12345678  :::
+1<<<  >>>	35:::	 89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+	6:::  12345678	 :::
+	7:::  12345678	 :::
+4<<<  >>>	8:::	12345678  :::
+5<<<  >>>	9:::	3456789 abcdefghi  :::
+6<<<  >>>	40:::	 DEFGHI 123456789  :::
+27<<<  truncation before FF; (r_l-test):  >>>	41:::  yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   :::
+28<<<  trunc	42:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+	43:::	xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::
+	44:::	456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::
+	5:::  12345678	 :::
+	6:::  12345678	 :::
+	7:::  12345678	 :::
+	8:::  12345678	 :::
+	49:::	89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+	50:::	12345678  :::
+	1:::  12345678	 :::
+	2:::  12345678	 :::
+	3:::  12345678	 :::
+	4:::  12345678	 :::
+	55:::	yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   :::
+	56:::	89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	57:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::
+30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	58:::	 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::
+1<<<  >>>	9:::	12345678  :::
+2<<<  abcdefghi	 >>>	60:::  DEFGHI 123456789  :::
+3<<<  >>>	1:::	  :::
+4<<<  >>>	2:::	  :::
+5<<<  >>>	3:::	------- EOF -------- EOF -------- EOF ------- EOF ------- EOF ------- EOF   :::
+6<<<  >>>	
+7<<<  >>>	
+8<<<  >>>	
+9<<<  abcdefghi	 >>>	
+40<<<  123456789  >>>	
+41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   >>>	
+42<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	
+44<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	
+5<<<  >>>	
+6<<<  >>>	
+7<<<  >>>	
+8<<<  >>>	
+9<<<  >>>	
+50<<<  >>>	
+1<<<  >>>	
+2<<<  >>>	
+3<<<  >>>	
+4<<<  >>>	
+55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	
+56<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	
+58<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	
+9<<<  >>>	
+60<<<  123456789  >>>	
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/W-72l24f-ll b/tests/pr/W-72l24f-ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2f9a4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/W-72l24f-ll
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1<<<  -Test: FF's in Text                    >>>
+2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / ...  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456
+
+6<<<  -Arangements: One Empty Page  >>>
+7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;  >>>
+8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;  >>>
+9<<<  >>> 
+10<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:  >>>
+14<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+16<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+20<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+
+
+4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+27<<<  truncation before FF; (r_l-test):  >>>
+28<<<  trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  abcdefghi  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  abcdefghi  >>>
+40<<<  123456789  >>>
+41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   >>>
+42<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+44<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+50<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  >>>
+55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+56<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+58<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+60<<<  123456789  >>>
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/W20l24f-ll b/tests/pr/W20l24f-ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecc9a7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/W20l24f-ll
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time -- x Page 1
+
+
+1<<<  -Test: FF's in
+2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  123456789 1234
+
+6<<<  -Arangements: 
+7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f
+8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\
+9<<<  >>> 
+10<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  truncation bef
+14<<<  123456789 123
+
+
+-- Date/Time -- x Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time -- x Page 3
+
+
+15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZ
+16<<<  123456789 xyz
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+20<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+
+
+4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+27<<<  truncation be
+28<<<  trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time -- x Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time -- x Page 5
+
+
+29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+30<<<  123456789 xyz
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  abcdefghi  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  abcdefghi  >>>
+40<<<  123456789  >>
+41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abc
+42<<<  123456789 abc
+
+
+-- Date/Time -- x Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time -- x Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time -- x Page 8
+
+
+43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZ
+44<<<  123456789 xyz
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+50<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  >>>
+55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abc
+56<<<  123456789 abc
+
+
+-- Date/Time -- x Page 9
+
+
+57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZ
+58<<<  123456789 xyz
+9<<<  >>>
+60<<<  123456789  >>
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/W26l24f-ll b/tests/pr/W26l24f-ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..accf48e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/W26l24f-ll
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --  x  Page 1
+
+
+1<<<  -Test: FF's in Text 
+2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / ... 
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  123456789 123456789 
+
+6<<<  -Arangements: One Em
+7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\fte
+8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;  >>
+9<<<  >>> 
+10<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  truncation before FF
+14<<<  123456789 123456789
+
+
+-- Date/Time --  x  Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --  x  Page 3
+
+
+15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+16<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+20<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+
+
+4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+27<<<  truncation before F
+28<<<  trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --  x  Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --  x  Page 5
+
+
+29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a
+30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  abcdefghi  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  abcdefghi  >>>
+40<<<  123456789  >>>
+41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42<<<  123456789 abcdefghi
+
+
+-- Date/Time --  x  Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --  x  Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --  x  Page 8
+
+
+43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+44<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+50<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  >>>
+55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56<<<  123456789 abcdefghi
+
+
+-- Date/Time --  x  Page 9
+
+
+57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+58<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz
+9<<<  >>>
+60<<<  123456789  >>>
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/W27l24f-ll b/tests/pr/W27l24f-ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c1e230
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/W27l24f-ll
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --  x   Page 1
+
+
+1<<<  -Test: FF's in Text  
+2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / ...  
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  123456789 123456789 1
+
+6<<<  -Arangements: One Emp
+7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ftex
+8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;  >>>
+9<<<  >>> 
+10<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  truncation before FF;
+14<<<  123456789 123456789 
+
+
+-- Date/Time --  x   Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --  x   Page 3
+
+
+15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ 
+16<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz 
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+20<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+
+
+4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+27<<<  truncation before FF
+28<<<  trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --  x   Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --  x   Page 5
+
+
+29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ ab
+30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz 
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  abcdefghi  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  abcdefghi  >>>
+40<<<  123456789  >>>
+41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  
+42<<<  123456789 abcdefghi 
+
+
+-- Date/Time --  x   Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --  x   Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --  x   Page 8
+
+
+43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ 
+44<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz 
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+50<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  >>>
+55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  
+56<<<  123456789 abcdefghi 
+
+
+-- Date/Time --  x   Page 9
+
+
+57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ 
+58<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz 
+9<<<  >>>
+60<<<  123456789  >>>
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/W28l24f-ll b/tests/pr/W28l24f-ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5731fd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/W28l24f-ll
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --   x   Page 1
+
+
+1<<<  -Test: FF's in Text   
+2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / ...  >
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  123456789 123456789 12
+
+6<<<  -Arangements: One Empt
+7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext
+8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;  >>>
+9<<<  >>> 
+10<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  truncation before FF; 
+14<<<  123456789 123456789 1
+
+
+-- Date/Time --   x   Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --   x   Page 3
+
+
+15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a
+16<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz X
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+20<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+
+
+4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+27<<<  truncation before FF;
+28<<<  trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --   x   Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --   x   Page 5
+
+
+29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abc
+30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz X
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  abcdefghi  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  abcdefghi  >>>
+40<<<  123456789  >>>
+41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   
+42<<<  123456789 abcdefghi A
+
+
+-- Date/Time --   x   Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --   x   Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --   x   Page 8
+
+
+43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a
+44<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz X
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+50<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  >>>
+55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >
+56<<<  123456789 abcdefghi A
+
+
+-- Date/Time --   x   Page 9
+
+
+57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a
+58<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz X
+9<<<  >>>
+60<<<  123456789  >>>
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/W35Ja3l24f-lm b/tests/pr/W35Ja3l24f-lm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..138f4c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/W35Ja3l24f-lm
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 1
+
+
+1<<<  -Test: FF's in Text		     >>>	2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / ...  >>>	3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678  >>>		6<<<	 -Arangements: One Empty Page  >>>
+7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;	 >>>	8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;  >>>	9<<<  >>>
+10<<<  >>>	1<<<	 >>>	2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:  >>>	14<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 3
+
+
+15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	16<<<	123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	7<<<	 >>>
+8<<<  >>>	9<<<	>>>	20<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>		
+4<<<  >>>	5<<<	>>>	6<<<  >>>
+27<<<  truncation before FF; (r_l-test):  >>>	28<<<  trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 5
+
+
+29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  abcdefghi	 >>>	3<<<  >>>	4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>	6<<<	>>>	7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>	9<<<	abcdefghi  >>>	40<<<  123456789	 >>>
+41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   >>>	42<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 8
+
+
+43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	44<<<	123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	5<<<	 >>>
+6<<<  >>>	7<<<	>>>	8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>	50<<<	 >>>	1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>	3<<<	>>>	4<<<  >>>
+55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	56<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 9
+
+
+57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	58<<<	123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	9<<<	 >>>
+60<<<  123456789  >>>
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/W35Jb3l24f-lm b/tests/pr/W35Jb3l24f-lm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd80436
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/W35Jb3l24f-lm
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 1
+
+
+1<<<  -Test: FF's in Text		     >>>	6<<<  -Arangements: One Empty Page  >>>	1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / ...  >>>	7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;	>>>	2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  >>>	8<<<	f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;  >>>	3<<<  truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:  >>>
+4<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678  >>>	9<<<	>>> 	14<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789  >>>
+	10<<<	>>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 3
+
+
+15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	20<<<	>>>	5<<<	 >>>
+16<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	1<<<	>>>	6<<<	>>>
+7<<<  >>>		27<<<	truncation before FF; (r_l-test):  >>>
+8<<<  >>>		28<<<	trunc
+9<<<  >>>	4<<<	>>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 5
+
+
+29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	4<<<  >>>	9<<<	abcdefghi  >>>
+30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	5<<<	>>>	40<<<	 123456789  >>>
+1<<<  >>>	6<<<	>>>	41<<<	 XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   >>>
+2<<<  abcdefghi	 >>>	7<<<  >>>	42<<<	 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI	>>>
+3<<<  >>>	8<<<	>>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 8
+
+
+43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	8<<<  >>>	3<<<	>>>
+44<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	9<<<	>>>	4<<<	>>>
+5<<<  >>>	50<<<	 >>>	55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+6<<<  >>>	1<<<	>>>	56<<<	 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI	>>>
+7<<<  >>>	2<<<	>>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 9
+
+
+57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	9<<<  >>>	60<<<	 123456789  >>>
+58<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/W35Jml24f-lmlo b/tests/pr/W35Jml24f-lmlo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0097993
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/W35Jml24f-lmlo
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 1
+
+
+1<<<  -Test: FF's in Text		     >>>	1:::  Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by Hand"    :::
+2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / ...  >>>	2:::  Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]   :::
+3<<<  >>>	3:::	Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]   :::
+4<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678  >>>	4:::	Options	      [+2|+3] [-l 24|17] [-f]	:::
+	5:::  :::
+6<<<  -Arangements: One Empty Page  >>>	6:::  --------------------------------------------   :::
+7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;	 >>>	7:::  789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890	:::
+8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;	>>>	8:::  3 Columns downwards, across, ...:  :::
+9<<<  >>> 	9:::	 With columns use  <= 5 text lines/page,  :::
+10<<<  >>>	10:::  without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = total lines/page,  :::
+1<<<  >>>	1:::	with -f e.g.   :  -l 8 -f  :::
+2<<<  >>>	2:::	:::
+3<<<  truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:  >>>	3:::  line truncation before new page; r_r_o_l-test:  :::
+14<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789  >>>	14:::	 89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 2
+
+
+	15:::	xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::
+	16:::	456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::
+	7:::  12345678	 :::
+	8:::  12345678	 :::
+	9:::  3456789 ab  :::
+	20:::	DEFGHI 123  :::
+	21:::	89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+	2:::  12345678	 :::
+	3:::  12345678	 :::
+	4:::  12345678	 :::
+	5:::  12345678	 :::
+	6:::  12345678	 :::
+	27:::	no truncation before nwe page; (r_l-test):  :::
+	28:::	89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 3
+
+
+15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	29:::	xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::
+16<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	30:::	 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::
+7<<<  >>>	1:::	12345678  :::
+8<<<  >>>	2:::	3456789 abcdefghi  :::
+9<<<  >>>	3:::	12345678  :::
+20<<<  >>>	4:::	 12345678  :::
+1<<<  >>>	35:::	 89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+	6:::  12345678	 :::
+	7:::  12345678	 :::
+4<<<  >>>	8:::	12345678  :::
+5<<<  >>>	9:::	3456789 abcdefghi  :::
+6<<<  >>>	40:::	 DEFGHI 123456789  :::
+27<<<  truncation before FF; (r_l-test):  >>>	41:::  yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   :::
+28<<<  trunc	42:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 4
+
+
+	43:::	xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::
+	44:::	456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::
+	5:::  12345678	 :::
+	6:::  12345678	 :::
+	7:::  12345678	 :::
+	8:::  12345678	 :::
+	49:::	89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+	50:::	12345678  :::
+	1:::  12345678	 :::
+	2:::  12345678	 :::
+	3:::  12345678	 :::
+	4:::  12345678	 :::
+	55:::	yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   :::
+	56:::	89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 5
+
+
+29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	57:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::
+30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	58:::	 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::
+1<<<  >>>	9:::	12345678  :::
+2<<<  abcdefghi	 >>>	60:::  DEFGHI 123456789  :::
+3<<<  >>>	1:::	  :::
+4<<<  >>>	2:::	  :::
+5<<<  >>>	3:::	------- EOF -------- EOF -------- EOF ------- EOF ------- EOF ------- EOF   :::
+6<<<  >>>	
+7<<<  >>>	
+8<<<  >>>	
+9<<<  abcdefghi	 >>>	
+40<<<  123456789  >>>	
+41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   >>>	
+42<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 8
+
+
+43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	
+44<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	
+5<<<  >>>	
+6<<<  >>>	
+7<<<  >>>	
+8<<<  >>>	
+9<<<  >>>	
+50<<<  >>>	
+1<<<  >>>	
+2<<<  >>>	
+3<<<  >>>	
+4<<<  >>>	
+55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	
+56<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 9
+
+
+57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	
+58<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	
+9<<<  >>>	
+60<<<  123456789  >>>	
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/W35a3l24f-lm b/tests/pr/W35a3l24f-lm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a228df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/W35a3l24f-lm
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 1
+
+
+1<<<  -Test 2<<<  -b -3 3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  12345 		6<<<  -Aran
+7<<<  \f\f\ 8<<<  f\f\n 9<<<  >>>
+10<<<  >>>  1<<<  >>>	2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  trunc 14<<<  1234
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 3
+
+
+15<<<  xyzx 16<<<  1234 7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>   9<<<  >>>	20<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>   		
+4<<<  >>>   5<<<  >>>	6<<<  >>>
+27<<<  trun 28<<<  trun
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 5
+
+
+29<<<xyzxyz 30<<<  1234 1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  abcde 3<<<  >>>	4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>   6<<<  >>>	7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>   9<<<  abcde 40<<<  1234
+41<<<  XYZX 42<<<  1234
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 8
+
+
+43<<<  xyzx 44<<<  1234 5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>   7<<<  >>>	8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>   50<<<  >>>	1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>   3<<<  >>>	4<<<  >>>
+55<<<  XYZX 56<<<  1234
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 9
+
+
+57<<<  xyzx 58<<<  1234 9<<<  >>>
+60<<<  1234
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/W35b3l24f-lm b/tests/pr/W35b3l24f-lm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ec5d3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/W35b3l24f-lm
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 1
+
+
+1<<<  -Test 6<<<  -Aran 1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  -b -3 7<<<  \f\f\ 2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  >>>   8<<<  f\f\n 3<<<  trunc
+4<<<  12345 9<<<  >>>	14<<<  1234
+	    10<<<  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 3
+
+
+15<<<  xyzx 20<<<  >>>	5<<<  >>>
+16<<<  1234 1<<<  >>>	6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>   		27<<<  trun
+8<<<  >>>   		28<<<  trun
+9<<<  >>>   4<<<  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 5
+
+
+29<<<xyzxyz 4<<<  >>>	9<<<  abcde
+30<<<  1234 5<<<  >>>	40<<<  1234
+1<<<  >>>   6<<<  >>>	41<<<  XYZX
+2<<<  abcde 7<<<  >>>	42<<<  1234
+3<<<  >>>   8<<<  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 8
+
+
+43<<<  xyzx 8<<<  >>>	3<<<  >>>
+44<<<  1234 9<<<  >>>	4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>   50<<<  >>>	55<<<  XYZX
+6<<<  >>>   1<<<  >>>	56<<<  1234
+7<<<  >>>   2<<<  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 9
+
+
+57<<<  xyzx 9<<<  >>>	60<<<  1234
+58<<<  1234
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/W35ml24f-lm-lo b/tests/pr/W35ml24f-lm-lo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b4e701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/W35ml24f-lm-lo
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 1
+
+
+1<<<  -Test: FF's 1:::	Test-INPUT:
+2<<<  -b -3 / -a  2:::	Options -b
+3<<<  >>>	  3:::	Options -a
+4<<<  123456789 1 4:::	Options
+		  5:::	:::
+6<<<  -Arangement 6:::	-----------
+7<<<  \f\f\n; tex 7:::	789 1234567
+8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n 8:::	3 Columns d
+9<<<  >>>	  9:::	With column
+10<<<  >>>	  10:::	 without -f
+1<<<  >>>	  1:::	with -f e.g
+2<<<  >>>	  2:::	:::
+3<<<  truncation  3:::	line trunca
+14<<<  123456789  14:::	 89 1234567
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 2
+
+
+		  15:::	 xyzxyzxyz
+		  16:::	 456789 123
+		  7:::	12345678  :
+		  8:::	12345678  :
+		  9:::	3456789 ab
+		  20:::	 DEFGHI 123
+		  21:::	 89 1234567
+		  2:::	12345678  :
+		  3:::	12345678  :
+		  4:::	12345678  :
+		  5:::	12345678  :
+		  6:::	12345678  :
+		  27:::	 no truncat
+		  28:::	 89 1234567
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 3
+
+
+15<<<  xyzxyzxyz  29:::	 xyzxyzxyz
+16<<<  123456789  30:::	 456789 123
+7<<<  >>>	  1:::	12345678  :
+8<<<  >>>	  2:::	3456789 abc
+9<<<  >>>	  3:::	12345678  :
+20<<<  >>>	  4:::	12345678  :
+1<<<  >>>	  35:::	 89 1234567
+		  6:::	12345678  :
+		  7:::	12345678  :
+4<<<  >>>	  8:::	12345678  :
+5<<<  >>>	  9:::	3456789 abc
+6<<<  >>>	  40:::	 DEFGHI 123
+27<<<  truncation 41:::	 yzxyzxyz X
+28<<<  trunc	  42:::	 89 1234567
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 4
+
+
+		  43:::	 xyzxyzxyz
+		  44:::	 456789 123
+		  5:::	12345678  :
+		  6:::	12345678  :
+		  7:::	12345678  :
+		  8:::	12345678  :
+		  49:::	 89 1234567
+		  50:::	 12345678
+		  1:::	12345678  :
+		  2:::	12345678  :
+		  3:::	12345678  :
+		  4:::	12345678  :
+		  55:::	 yzxyzxyz X
+		  56:::	 89 1234567
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 5
+
+
+29<<<xyzxyzxyz XY 57:::	 xyzxyzxyz
+30<<<  123456789  58:::	 456789 123
+1<<<  >>>	  9:::	12345678  :
+2<<<  abcdefghi	  60:::	 DEFGHI 123
+3<<<  >>>	  1:::	  :::
+4<<<  >>>	  2:::	  :::
+5<<<  >>>	  3:::	------- EOF
+6<<<  >>>	  
+7<<<  >>>	  
+8<<<  >>>	  
+9<<<  abcdefghi	  
+40<<<  123456789  
+41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ  
+42<<<  123456789
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 8
+
+
+43<<<  xyzxyzxyz  
+44<<<  123456789  
+5<<<  >>>	  
+6<<<  >>>	  
+7<<<  >>>	  
+8<<<  >>>	  
+9<<<  >>>	  
+50<<<  >>>	  
+1<<<  >>>	  
+2<<<  >>>	  
+3<<<  >>>	  
+4<<<  >>>	  
+55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ  
+56<<<  123456789
+
+
+-- Date/Time --      x       Page 9
+
+
+57<<<  xyzxyzxyz  
+58<<<  123456789  
+9<<<  >>>	  
+60<<<  123456789  
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/W72Jl24f-ll b/tests/pr/W72Jl24f-ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..109cbaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/W72Jl24f-ll
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1<<<  -Test: FF's in Text                    >>>
+2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / ...  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789  >>>
+
+6<<<  -Arangements: One Empty Page  >>>
+7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;  >>>
+8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;  >>>
+9<<<  >>> 
+10<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:  >>>
+14<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+16<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+20<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+
+
+4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+27<<<  truncation before FF; (r_l-test):  >>>
+28<<<  trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  abcdefghi  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  abcdefghi  >>>
+40<<<  123456789  >>>
+41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   >>>
+42<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+44<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+50<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  >>>
+55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+56<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+58<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+60<<<  123456789  >>>
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/a2l15-FF b/tests/pr/a2l15-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3bc77f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/a2l15-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Text	    2	Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   ------------------------------- 4 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 l 6	FF-Arangements: One Empty Page
+7   text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ 8	\f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;
+9				    10	zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz12345
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+1				    2
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_ 14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+7				    8
+9 3456789 ab			    20 DEFGHI 123
+1				    2
+3				    4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+5				    6
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-te 28 no trunc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+1				    2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3				    4
+5				    6
+7				    8
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+9 3456789 abcdefghi		    40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 11
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+5				    6
+7				    8
+9				    50
+1				    2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 12
+
+
+3				    4
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 13
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+9				    60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/a2l17-FF b/tests/pr/a2l17-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6700e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/a2l17-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Text	    2	Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   ------------------------------- 4 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 l 6	FF-Arangements: One Empty Page
+7   text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ 8	\f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;
+9				    10	zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz12345
+1				    2
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_ 14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+7				    8
+9 3456789 ab			    20 DEFGHI 123
+1				    2
+3				    4
+5				    6
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-te 28 no trunc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+1				    2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3				    4
+5				    6
+7				    8
+9 3456789 abcdefghi		    40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+5				    6
+7				    8
+9				    50
+1				    2
+3				    4
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+9				    60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/a3-0F b/tests/pr/a3-0F
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cb5573
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/a3-0F
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's at St 2   Options -b -3 / -a	3   -------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123 5   3 Columns downwards 6   FF-Arangements: Emp
+7   \ftext; \f\ntext;	8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntex 9 3456789 123456789 123
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 1			2
+3 line truncation befor 14 456789 123456789 123
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	16 456789 123456789 xyz 7
+8			9 3456789 ab		20 DEFGHI 123
+1			2			3
+4			5			6
+27 no truncation before 28 no trunc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	30 456789 123456789 xyz 1
+2 3456789 abcdefghi	3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/a3f-0F b/tests/pr/a3f-0F
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a11e10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/a3f-0F
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's at St 2   Options -b -3 / -a	3   -------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123 5   3 Columns downwards 6   FF-Arangements: Emp
+7   \ftext; \f\ntext;	8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntex 9 3456789 123456789 123
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 1			2
+3 line truncation befor 14 456789 123456789 123
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	16 456789 123456789 xyz 7
+8			9 3456789 ab		20 DEFGHI 123
+1			2			3
+4			5			6
+27 no truncation before 28 no trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	30 456789 123456789 xyz 1
+2 3456789 abcdefghi	3
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/a3f-0FF b/tests/pr/a3f-0FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f4ed40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/a3f-0FF
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's at St 2   Options -b -3 / -a	3   -------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123 5   3 Columns downwards 6   FF-Arangements: Emp
+7   \ftext; \f\ntext;	8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntex 9 3456789 123456789 123
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 1			2
+3 line truncation befor 14 456789 123456789 123
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	16 456789 123456789 xyz 7
+8			9 3456789 ab		20 DEFGHI 123
+1			2			3
+4			5			6
+27 no truncation before 28 no trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	30 456789 123456789 xyz 1
+2 3456789 abcdefghi	3
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/a3f-FF b/tests/pr/a3f-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee7325f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/a3f-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Te 2   Options -b -3 / -a	3   -------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123 5   3 Columns downwards 6   FF-Arangements: One
+7   text\f\f\n; text\f\ 8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;	9
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 1			2
+3 line truncation befor 14 456789 123456789 123
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	16 456789 123456789 xyz 7
+8			9 3456789 ab		20 DEFGHI 123
+1			2			3
+4			5			6
+27 no truncation before 28 no trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	30 456789 123456789 xyz 1
+2 3456789 abcdefghi	3			4
+5			6			7
+8			9 3456789 abcdefghi	40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 42 456789 123456789 abc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	44 456789 123456789 xyz 5
+6			7			8
+9			50			1
+2			3			4
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 56 456789 123456789 abc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	58 456789 123456789 xyz 9
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/a3l15-t b/tests/pr/a3l15-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bd4b52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/a3l15-t
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   Test-INPUT: "Withou 2   Options -b -3 [+2|+ 3   Options -a -3 [+2|+
+4   Options	  [+2|+ 5			6   -------------------
+7 3456789 123456789 123 8   3 Columns downwards 9   With columns use  <
+10  without -f e.g.:  - 1   with -f e.g.   :  - 2
+3 line truncation befor 14 456789 123456789 123 15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+16 456789 123456789 xyz 7			8
+9 3456789 ab		20 DEFGHI 123		1
+2			3			4
+5			6			27 no truncation before
+28 no trunc		29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	30 456789 123456789 xyz
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+1			2 3456789 abcdefghi	3
+4			5			6
+7			8			9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789	41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 42 456789 123456789 abc
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	44 456789 123456789 xyz 5
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+6			7			8
+9			50			1
+2			3			4
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 56 456789 123456789 abc 57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+58 456789 123456789 xyz 9			60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+1			2			3  ------- EOF --------
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/a3l15f-t b/tests/pr/a3l15f-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21c210a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/a3l15f-t
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   Test-INPUT: "Withou 2   Options -b -3 [+2|+ 3   Options -a -3 [+2|+
+4   Options	  [+2|+ 5			6   -------------------
+7 3456789 123456789 123 8   3 Columns downwards 9   With columns use  <
+10  without -f e.g.:  - 1   with -f e.g.   :  - 2
+3 line truncation befor 14 456789 123456789 123 15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+16 456789 123456789 xyz 7			8
+9 3456789 ab		20 DEFGHI 123		1
+2			3			4
+5			6			27 no truncation before
+28 no trunc		29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	30 456789 123456789 xyz
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+1			2 3456789 abcdefghi	3
+4			5			6
+7			8			9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789	41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 42 456789 123456789 abc
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	44 456789 123456789 xyz 5
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+6			7			8
+9			50			1
+2			3			4
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 56 456789 123456789 abc 57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+58 456789 123456789 xyz 9			60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+1			2			3  ------- EOF --------
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/a3l24f-lm b/tests/pr/a3l24f-lm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fdbfa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/a3l24f-lm
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1<<<  -Test: FF's in Te 2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / . 3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  123456789 1234567 			6<<<  -Arangements: One
+7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ 8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;	9<<<  >>>
+10<<<  >>>		1<<<  >>>		2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  truncation before 14<<<  123456789 123456
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZ 16<<<  123456789 xyzxyz 7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>		9<<<  >>>		20<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>					
+4<<<  >>>		5<<<  >>>		6<<<  >>>
+27<<<  truncation befor 28<<<  trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY 30<<<  123456789 xyzxyz 1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  abcdefghi	 >>>	3<<<  >>>		4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>		6<<<  >>>		7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>		9<<<  abcdefghi	 >>>	40<<<  123456789  >>>
+41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabc 42<<<  123456789 abcdef
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZ 44<<<  123456789 xyzxyz 5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>		7<<<  >>>		8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>		50<<<  >>>		1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>		3<<<  >>>		4<<<  >>>
+55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabc 56<<<  123456789 abcdef
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZ 58<<<  123456789 xyzxyz 9<<<  >>>
+60<<<  123456789  >>>
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/b2l15-FF b/tests/pr/b2l15-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3008c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/b2l15-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Text	    6	FF-Arangements: One Empty Page
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...	    7	text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\
+3   ------------------------------- 8	\f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345 9
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 l 10	zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz12345
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+1				    3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_
+2				    14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    20 DEFGHI 123
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 1
+7				    2
+8				    3
+9 3456789 ab			    4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+5				    27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-te
+6				    28 no trunc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    4
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 5
+1				    6
+2 3456789 abcdefghi		    7
+3				    8
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+9 3456789 abcdefghi		    41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+40 DEFGHI 123456789		    42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 11
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    8
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 9
+5				    50
+6				    1
+7				    2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 12
+
+
+3				    55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+4				    56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 13
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    9
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/b2l17-FF b/tests/pr/b2l17-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1eec2e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/b2l17-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Text	    8	\f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...	    9
+3   ------------------------------- 10	zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz12345
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345 1
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 l 2
+6   FF-Arangements: One Empty Page  3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_
+7   text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ 14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    2
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 3
+7				    4
+8				    5
+9 3456789 ab			    6
+20 DEFGHI 123			    27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-te
+1				    28 no trunc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    6
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 7
+1				    8
+2 3456789 abcdefghi		    9 3456789 abcdefghi
+3				    40 DEFGHI 123456789
+4				    41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+5				    42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    50
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 1
+5				    2
+6				    3
+7				    4
+8				    55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+9				    56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    9
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/b3-0F b/tests/pr/b3-0F
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a75b6b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/b3-0F
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's at St 6   FF-Arangements: Emp 1
+2   Options -b -3 / -a	7   \ftext; \f\ntext;	2
+3   ------------------- 8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntex 3 line truncation befor
+4 3456789 123456789 123 9 3456789 123456789 123 14 456789 123456789 123
+5   3 Columns downwards 10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	20 DEFGHI 123		5
+16 456789 123456789 xyz 1			6
+7			2			27 no truncation before
+8			3			28 no trunc
+9 3456789 ab		4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	1			3
+30 456789 123456789 xyz 2 3456789 abcdefghi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/b3f-0F b/tests/pr/b3f-0F
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af54e9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/b3f-0F
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's at St 6   FF-Arangements: Emp 1
+2   Options -b -3 / -a	7   \ftext; \f\ntext;	2
+3   ------------------- 8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntex 3 line truncation befor
+4 3456789 123456789 123 9 3456789 123456789 123 14 456789 123456789 123
+5   3 Columns downwards 10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	20 DEFGHI 123		5
+16 456789 123456789 xyz 1			6
+7			2			27 no truncation before
+8			3			28 no trunc
+9 3456789 ab		4
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	1			3
+30 456789 123456789 xyz 2 3456789 abcdefghi
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/b3f-0FF b/tests/pr/b3f-0FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97c9df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/b3f-0FF
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's at St 6   FF-Arangements: Emp 1
+2   Options -b -3 / -a	7   \ftext; \f\ntext;	2
+3   ------------------- 8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntex 3 line truncation befor
+4 3456789 123456789 123 9 3456789 123456789 123 14 456789 123456789 123
+5   3 Columns downwards 10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	20 DEFGHI 123		5
+16 456789 123456789 xyz 1			6
+7			2			27 no truncation before
+8			3			28 no trunc
+9 3456789 ab		4
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	1			3
+30 456789 123456789 xyz 2 3456789 abcdefghi
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/b3f-FF b/tests/pr/b3f-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2afdb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/b3f-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Te 6   FF-Arangements: One 1
+2   Options -b -3 / -a	7   text\f\f\n; text\f\ 2
+3   ------------------- 8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;	3 line truncation befor
+4 3456789 123456789 123 9			14 456789 123456789 123
+5   3 Columns downwards 10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	20 DEFGHI 123		5
+16 456789 123456789 xyz 1			6
+7			2			27 no truncation before
+8			3			28 no trunc
+9 3456789 ab		4
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	4			9 3456789 abcdefghi
+30 456789 123456789 xyz 5			40 DEFGHI 123456789
+1			6			41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a
+2 3456789 abcdefghi	7			42 456789 123456789 abc
+3			8
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	8			3
+44 456789 123456789 xyz 9			4
+5			50			55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a
+6			1			56 456789 123456789 abc
+7			2
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	9			60 DEFGHI 123456789
+58 456789 123456789 xyz
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/b3l15-t b/tests/pr/b3l15-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2ee3fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/b3l15-t
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   Test-INPUT: "Withou 6   ------------------- 1   with -f e.g.   :  -
+2   Options -b -3 [+2|+ 7 3456789 123456789 123 2
+3   Options -a -3 [+2|+ 8   3 Columns downwards 3 line truncation befor
+4   Options	  [+2|+ 9   With columns use  < 14 456789 123456789 123
+5			10  without -f e.g.:  - 15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+16 456789 123456789 xyz 1			6
+7			2			27 no truncation before
+8			3			28 no trunc
+9 3456789 ab		4			29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+20 DEFGHI 123		5			30 456789 123456789 xyz
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+1			6			41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a
+2 3456789 abcdefghi	7			42 456789 123456789 abc
+3			8			43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+4			9 3456789 abcdefghi	44 456789 123456789 xyz
+5			40 DEFGHI 123456789	5
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+6			1			56 456789 123456789 abc
+7			2			57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+8			3			58 456789 123456789 xyz
+9			4			9
+50			55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+1			2			3  ------- EOF --------
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/b3l15f-t b/tests/pr/b3l15f-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f2bbc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/b3l15f-t
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   Test-INPUT: "Withou 6   ------------------- 1   with -f e.g.   :  -
+2   Options -b -3 [+2|+ 7 3456789 123456789 123 2
+3   Options -a -3 [+2|+ 8   3 Columns downwards 3 line truncation befor
+4   Options	  [+2|+ 9   With columns use  < 14 456789 123456789 123
+5			10  without -f e.g.:  - 15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+16 456789 123456789 xyz 1			6
+7			2			27 no truncation before
+8			3			28 no trunc
+9 3456789 ab		4			29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+20 DEFGHI 123		5			30 456789 123456789 xyz
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+1			6			41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a
+2 3456789 abcdefghi	7			42 456789 123456789 abc
+3			8			43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+4			9 3456789 abcdefghi	44 456789 123456789 xyz
+5			40 DEFGHI 123456789	5
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+6			1			56 456789 123456789 abc
+7			2			57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+8			3			58 456789 123456789 xyz
+9			4			9
+50			55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+1			2			3  ------- EOF --------
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/b3l24f-lm b/tests/pr/b3l24f-lm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97fabc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/b3l24f-lm
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1<<<  -Test: FF's in Te 6<<<  -Arangements: One 1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / . 7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ 2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  >>>		8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;	3<<<  truncation before
+4<<<  123456789 1234567 9<<<  >>>		14<<<  123456789 123456
+			10<<<  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZ 20<<<  >>>		5<<<  >>>
+16<<<  123456789 xyzxyz 1<<<  >>>		6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>					27<<<  truncation befor
+8<<<  >>>					28<<<  trunc
+9<<<  >>>		4<<<  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY 4<<<  >>>		9<<<  abcdefghi	 >>>
+30<<<  123456789 xyzxyz 5<<<  >>>		40<<<  123456789  >>>
+1<<<  >>>		6<<<  >>>		41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabc
+2<<<  abcdefghi	 >>>	7<<<  >>>		42<<<  123456789 abcdef
+3<<<  >>>		8<<<  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZ 8<<<  >>>		3<<<  >>>
+44<<<  123456789 xyzxyz 9<<<  >>>		4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>		50<<<  >>>		55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabc
+6<<<  >>>		1<<<  >>>		56<<<  123456789 abcdef
+7<<<  >>>		2<<<  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZ 9<<<  >>>		60<<<  123456789  >>>
+58<<<  123456789 xyzxyz
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/l24-FF b/tests/pr/l24-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9f3154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/l24-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Text                      V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: One Empty Page
+7   text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;
+8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;
+9   
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/l24-t b/tests/pr/l24-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d07b88d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/l24-t
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by Hand"       V
+2   Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]
+3   Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]
+4   Options       [+2|+3] [-l 24|17] [-f]
+5
+6   --------------------------------------------
+7 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+8   3 Columns downwards, across, ...:
+9   With columns use  <= 5 text lines/page,
+10  without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = total lines/page,
+1   with -f e.g.   :  -l 8 -f
+2   
+3 line truncation before new page; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before nwe page; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
+1
+2
+3  ------- EOF -------- EOF -------- EOF -------
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/l24f-t b/tests/pr/l24f-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3546282
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/l24f-t
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by Hand"       V
+2   Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]
+3   Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]
+4   Options       [+2|+3] [-l 24|17] [-f]
+5
+6   --------------------------------------------
+7 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+8   3 Columns downwards, across, ...:
+9   With columns use  <= 5 text lines/page,
+10  without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = total lines/page,
+1   with -f e.g.   :  -l 8 -f
+2   
+3 line truncation before new page; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before nwe page; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
+1
+2
+3  ------- EOF -------- EOF -------- EOF -------
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/loli b/tests/pr/loli
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08120c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/loli
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+1:::  Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by Hand"    ::: 
+2:::  Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]   :::
+3:::  Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]   :::
+4:::  Options       [+2|+3] [-l 24|17] [-f]   :::
+5:::  :::
+6:::  --------------------------------------------   :::
+7:::  789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890   :::
+8:::  3 Columns downwards, across, ...:  :::
+9:::  With columns use  <= 5 text lines/page,  :::
+10:::  without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = total lines/page,  :::
+1:::  with -f e.g.   :  -l 8 -f  :::
+2:::  :::
+3:::  line truncation before new page; r_r_o_l-test:  :::
+14:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+15:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::
+16:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::
+7:::  12345678  :::
+8:::  12345678  :::
+9:::  3456789 ab  :::
+20:::  DEFGHI 123  :::
+21:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+2:::  12345678  :::
+3:::  12345678  :::
+4:::  12345678  :::
+5:::  12345678  :::
+6:::  12345678  :::
+27:::  no truncation before nwe page; (r_l-test):  :::
+28:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+29:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::
+30:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::
+1:::  12345678  :::
+2:::  3456789 abcdefghi  :::
+3:::  12345678  :::
+4:::  12345678  :::
+35:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+6:::  12345678  :::
+7:::  12345678  :::
+8:::  12345678  :::
+9:::  3456789 abcdefghi  :::
+40:::  DEFGHI 123456789  :::
+41:::  yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   :::
+42:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+43:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::
+44:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::
+5:::  12345678  :::
+6:::  12345678  :::
+7:::  12345678  :::
+8:::  12345678  :::
+49:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+50:::  12345678  :::
+1:::  12345678  :::
+2:::  12345678  :::
+3:::  12345678  :::
+4:::  12345678  :::
+55:::  yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   :::
+56:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+57:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::
+58:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::
+9:::  12345678  :::
+60:::  DEFGHI 123456789  :::
+1:::    :::
+2:::    :::
+3:::  ------- EOF -------- EOF -------- EOF ------- EOF ------- EOF ------- EOF   :::
diff --git a/tests/pr/ml20-FF-t b/tests/pr/ml20-FF-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53cb6eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/ml20-FF-t
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Text	    1	Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...	    2	Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8]
+3   ------------------------------- 3	Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8]
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345 4	Options	      [+2|+3] [-l 24|17
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 l 5
+6   FF-Arangements: One Empty Page  6	-------------------------------
+7   text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ 7 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;		    8	3 Columns downwards, across, ..
+9				    9	With columns use  <= 5 text lin
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz12345 10	without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = total
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+1				    1	with -f e.g.   :  -l 8 -f
+2				    2
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_ 3 line truncation before new page;
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345 14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+				    15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+				    16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+				    7
+				    8
+				    9 3456789 ab
+				    20 DEFGHI 123
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+				    1
+				    2
+				    3
+				    4
+				    5
+				    6
+				    27 no truncation before nwe page; (
+				    28 no trunc
+				    29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+				    30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    1
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 2 3456789 abcdefghi
+7				    3
+8				    4
+9 3456789 ab			    5
+20 DEFGHI 123			    6
+1				    7
+2				    8
+3				    9 3456789 abcdefghi
+4				    40 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+5				    41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+6				    42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-te 43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+28 no trunc			    44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+				    5
+				    6
+				    7
+				    8
+				    9
+				    50
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+				    1
+				    2
+				    3
+				    4
+				    55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+				    56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+				    57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+				    58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+				    9
+				    60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    1
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 2
+1				    3  ------- EOF -------- EOF -------
+2 3456789 abcdefghi		    
+3				    
+4				    
+5				    
+6				    
+7				    
+8				    
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+9 3456789 abcdefghi		    
+40 DEFGHI 123456789		    
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 11
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 
+5				    
+6				    
+7				    
+8				    
+9				    
+50				    
+1				    
+2				    
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 12
+
+
+3				    
+4				    
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 13
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 
+9				    
+60 DEFGHI 123456789		    
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/ml24-FF b/tests/pr/ml24-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c36edb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/ml24-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Text	    1	FF-Test: FF's in Text
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...	    2	Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   ------------------------------- 3	-------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345 4 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 l 5	3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 l
+6   FF-Arangements: One Empty Page  6	FF-Arangements: One Empty Page
+7   text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ 7	text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\
+8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;		    8	\f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;
+9				    9
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz12345 10	zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz12345
+1				    1
+2				    2
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_ 3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345 14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+7				    7
+8				    8
+9 3456789 ab			    9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123			    20 DEFGHI 123
+1				    1
+2				    2
+3				    3
+4				    4
+5				    5
+6				    6
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-te 27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-te
+28 no trunc			    28 no trunc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+1				    1
+2 3456789 abcdefghi		    2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3				    3
+4				    4
+5				    5
+6				    6
+7				    7
+8				    8
+9 3456789 abcdefghi		    9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789		    40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+5				    5
+6				    6
+7				    7
+8				    8
+9				    9
+50				    50
+1				    1
+2				    2
+3				    3
+4				    4
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+9				    9
+60 DEFGHI 123456789		    60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/ml24-t b/tests/pr/ml24-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..392adbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/ml24-t
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by  1	Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by
+2   Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] 2	Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8]
+3   Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] 3	Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8]
+4   Options	  [+2|+3] [-l 24|17 4	Options	      [+2|+3] [-l 24|17
+5				    5
+6   ------------------------------- 6	-------------------------------
+7 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345 7 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+8   3 Columns downwards, across, .. 8	3 Columns downwards, across, ..
+9   With columns use  <= 5 text lin 9	With columns use  <= 5 text lin
+10  without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = total 10	without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = total
+1   with -f e.g.   :  -l 8 -f	    1	with -f e.g.   :  -l 8 -f
+2				    2
+3 line truncation before new page;  3 line truncation before new page;
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345 14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+7				    7
+8				    8
+9 3456789 ab			    9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123			    20 DEFGHI 123
+1				    1
+2				    2
+3				    3
+4				    4
+5				    5
+6				    6
+27 no truncation before nwe page; ( 27 no truncation before nwe page; (
+28 no trunc			    28 no trunc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+1				    1
+2 3456789 abcdefghi		    2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3				    3
+4				    4
+5				    5
+6				    6
+7				    7
+8				    8
+9 3456789 abcdefghi		    9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789		    40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+5				    5
+6				    6
+7				    7
+8				    8
+9				    9
+50				    50
+1				    1
+2				    2
+3				    3
+4				    4
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+9				    9
+60 DEFGHI 123456789		    60 DEFGHI 123456789
+1				    1
+2				    2
+3  ------- EOF -------- EOF ------- 3  ------- EOF -------- EOF -------
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/ml24-t-FF b/tests/pr/ml24-t-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08c6f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/ml24-t-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by  1	FF-Test: FF's in Text
+2   Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] 2	Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] 3	-------------------------------
+4   Options	  [+2|+3] [-l 24|17 4 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+5				    5	3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 l
+6   ------------------------------- 6	FF-Arangements: One Empty Page
+7 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345 7	text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\
+8   3 Columns downwards, across, .. 8	\f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;
+9   With columns use  <= 5 text lin 9
+10  without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = total 10	zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz12345
+1   with -f e.g.   :  -l 8 -f	    1
+2				    2
+3 line truncation before new page;  3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345 14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 
+7				    
+8				    
+9 3456789 ab			    
+20 DEFGHI 123			    
+1				    
+2				    
+3				    
+4				    
+5				    
+6				    
+27 no truncation before nwe page; ( 
+28 no trunc			    
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+1				    7
+2 3456789 abcdefghi		    8
+3				    9 3456789 ab
+4				    20 DEFGHI 123
+5				    1
+6				    2
+7				    3
+8				    4
+9 3456789 abcdefghi		    5
+40 DEFGHI 123456789		    6
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-te
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 28 no trunc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 
+5				    
+6				    
+7				    
+8				    
+9				    
+50				    
+1				    
+2				    
+3				    
+4				    
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+9				    1
+60 DEFGHI 123456789		    2 3456789 abcdefghi
+1				    3
+2				    4
+3  ------- EOF -------- EOF ------- 5
+				    6
+				    7
+				    8
+				    9 3456789 abcdefghi
+				    40 DEFGHI 123456789
+				    41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+				    42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+				    43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+				    44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+				    5
+				    6
+				    7
+				    8
+				    9
+				    50
+				    1
+				    2
+				    3
+				    4
+				    55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+				    56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+				    57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+				    58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+				    9
+				    60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/ml24f-0F b/tests/pr/ml24f-0F
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18b5760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/ml24f-0F
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+1   FF-Test: FF's at Start of File  1	FF-Test: FF's at Start of File
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...	    2	Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   ------------------------------- 3	-------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345 4 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 l 5	3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 l
+6   FF-Arangements: Empty Pages at  6	FF-Arangements: Empty Pages at
+7   \ftext; \f\ntext;		    7	\ftext; \f\ntext;
+8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntext; \f\n\ftex 8	\f\ftext; \f\f\ntext; \f\n\ftex
+9 3456789 123456789 123456789	    9 3456789 123456789 123456789
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz12345 10	zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz12345
+1				    1
+2				    2
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_ 3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345 14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+7				    7
+8				    8
+9 3456789 ab			    9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123			    20 DEFGHI 123
+1				    1
+2				    2
+3				    3
+4				    4
+5				    5
+6				    6
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-te 27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-te
+28 no trunc			    28 no trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+1				    1
+2 3456789 abcdefghi		    2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3				    3
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/ml24f-lm-lo b/tests/pr/ml24f-lm-lo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fed7d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/ml24f-lm-lo
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1<<<  -Test: FF's in Text	    1:::  Test-INPUT: "Without FF set b
+2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / ...  >>>	    2:::  Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|
+3<<<  >>>			    3:::  Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|
+4<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789 4:::  Options	[+2|+3] [-l 24|
+				    5:::  :::
+6<<<  -Arangements: One Empty Page  6:::  -----------------------------
+7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ft 7:::  789 123456789 123456789 12345
+8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;	>>>	    8:::  3 Columns downwards, across,
+9<<<  >>>			    9:::  With columns use  <= 5 text l
+10<<<  >>>			    10:::  without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = to
+1<<<  >>>			    1:::  with -f e.g.	 :  -l 8 -f  ::
+2<<<  >>>			    2:::  :::
+3<<<  truncation before FF; r_r_o_l 3:::  line truncation before new pa
+14<<<  123456789 123456789 12345678 14:::  89 123456789 123456789 12345
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+				    15:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+				    16:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz X
+				    7:::  12345678  :::
+				    8:::  12345678  :::
+				    9:::  3456789 ab  :::
+				    20:::  DEFGHI 123  :::
+				    21:::  89 123456789 123456789 12345
+				    2:::  12345678  :::
+				    3:::  12345678  :::
+				    4:::  12345678  :::
+				    5:::  12345678  :::
+				    6:::  12345678  :::
+				    27:::  no truncation before nwe pag
+				    28:::  89 123456789 123456789 12345
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 29:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY 30:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz X
+7<<<  >>>			    1:::  12345678  :::
+8<<<  >>>			    2:::  3456789 abcdefghi  :::
+9<<<  >>>			    3:::  12345678  :::
+20<<<  >>>			    4:::  12345678  :::
+1<<<  >>>			    35:::  89 123456789 123456789 12345
+				    6:::  12345678  :::
+				    7:::  12345678  :::
+4<<<  >>>			    8:::  12345678  :::
+5<<<  >>>			    9:::  3456789 abcdefghi  :::
+6<<<  >>>			    40:::  DEFGHI 123456789  :::
+27<<<  truncation before FF; (r_l-t 41:::  yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+28<<<  trunc			    42:::  89 123456789 123456789 12345
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+				    43:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+				    44:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz X
+				    5:::  12345678  :::
+				    6:::  12345678  :::
+				    7:::  12345678  :::
+				    8:::  12345678  :::
+				    49:::  89 123456789 123456789 12345
+				    50:::  12345678  :::
+				    1:::  12345678  :::
+				    2:::  12345678  :::
+				    3:::  12345678  :::
+				    4:::  12345678  :::
+				    55:::  yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+				    56:::  89 123456789 123456789 12345
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   57:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY 58:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz X
+1<<<  >>>			    9:::  12345678  :::
+2<<<  abcdefghi	 >>>		    60:::  DEFGHI 123456789  :::
+3<<<  >>>			    1:::    :::
+4<<<  >>>			    2:::    :::
+5<<<  >>>			    3:::  ------- EOF -------- EOF ----
+6<<<  >>>			    
+7<<<  >>>			    
+8<<<  >>>			    
+9<<<  abcdefghi	 >>>		    
+40<<<  123456789  >>>		    
+41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   >>>	    
+42<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFH
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+44<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY 
+5<<<  >>>			    
+6<<<  >>>			    
+7<<<  >>>			    
+8<<<  >>>			    
+9<<<  >>>			    
+50<<<  >>>			    
+1<<<  >>>			    
+2<<<  >>>			    
+3<<<  >>>			    
+4<<<  >>>			    
+55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	    
+56<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFH
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+58<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY 
+9<<<  >>>			    
+60<<<  123456789  >>>		    
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/ml24f-t b/tests/pr/ml24f-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b856214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/ml24f-t
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by  1	Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by
+2   Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] 2	Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8]
+3   Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] 3	Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8]
+4   Options	  [+2|+3] [-l 24|17 4	Options	      [+2|+3] [-l 24|17
+5				    5
+6   ------------------------------- 6	-------------------------------
+7 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345 7 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+8   3 Columns downwards, across, .. 8	3 Columns downwards, across, ..
+9   With columns use  <= 5 text lin 9	With columns use  <= 5 text lin
+10  without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = total 10	without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = total
+1   with -f e.g.   :  -l 8 -f	    1	with -f e.g.   :  -l 8 -f
+2				    2
+3 line truncation before new page;  3 line truncation before new page;
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345 14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+7				    7
+8				    8
+9 3456789 ab			    9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123			    20 DEFGHI 123
+1				    1
+2				    2
+3				    3
+4				    4
+5				    5
+6				    6
+27 no truncation before nwe page; ( 27 no truncation before nwe page; (
+28 no trunc			    28 no trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+1				    1
+2 3456789 abcdefghi		    2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3				    3
+4				    4
+5				    5
+6				    6
+7				    7
+8				    8
+9 3456789 abcdefghi		    9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789		    40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+5				    5
+6				    6
+7				    7
+8				    8
+9				    9
+50				    50
+1				    1
+2				    2
+3				    3
+4				    4
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+9				    9
+60 DEFGHI 123456789		    60 DEFGHI 123456789
+1				    1
+2				    2
+3  ------- EOF -------- EOF ------- 3  ------- EOF -------- EOF -------
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/ml24f-t-0F b/tests/pr/ml24f-t-0F
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd803e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/ml24f-t-0F
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1   Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by  
+2   Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] 
+3   Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] 
+4   Options	  [+2|+3] [-l 24|17 
+5				    
+6   ------------------------------- 
+7 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345 
+8   3 Columns downwards, across, .. 
+9   With columns use  <= 5 text lin 
+10  without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = total 
+1   with -f e.g.   :  -l 8 -f	    
+2				    
+3 line truncation before new page;  
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345 
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    1	FF-Test: FF's at Start of File
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 2	Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+7				    3	-------------------------------
+8				    4 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+9 3456789 ab			    5	3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 l
+20 DEFGHI 123			    6	FF-Arangements: Empty Pages at
+1				    7	\ftext; \f\ntext;
+2				    8	\f\ftext; \f\f\ntext; \f\n\ftex
+3				    9 3456789 123456789 123456789
+4				    10	zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz12345
+5				    1
+6				    2
+27 no truncation before nwe page; ( 3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_
+28 no trunc			    14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 
+1				    
+2 3456789 abcdefghi		    
+3				    
+4				    
+5				    
+6				    
+7				    
+8				    
+9 3456789 abcdefghi		    
+40 DEFGHI 123456789		    
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+5				    7
+6				    8
+7				    9 3456789 ab
+8				    20 DEFGHI 123
+9				    1
+50				    2
+1				    3
+2				    4
+3				    5
+4				    6
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-te
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 28 no trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	    29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+9				    1
+60 DEFGHI 123456789		    2 3456789 abcdefghi
+1				    3
+2				    
+3  ------- EOF -------- EOF ------- 
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/n+2-5l24f-0FF b/tests/pr/n+2-5l24f-0FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..653d578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/n+2-5l24f-0FF
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+  1.1   FF-Test: FF's at Start of File             V
+  2.2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+  3.3   --------------------------------------------
+  4.4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+  5.5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+  6.6   FF-Arangements: Empty Pages at start
+  7.7   \ftext; \f\ntext;
+  8.8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntext; \f\n\ftext; \f\n\f\n;
+  9.9 3456789 123456789 123456789  
+ 10.10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+ 11.1                                       12345678
+ 12.2                                       12345678
+ 13.3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+ 14.14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 15.15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 16.16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 17.7                                       12345678
+ 18.8                                       12345678
+ 19.9 3456789 ab
+ 20.20 DEFGHI 123
+ 21.1                                       12345678
+ 22.2                                       12345678
+ 23.3                                       12345678
+ 24.4                                       12345678
+ 25.5                                       12345678
+ 26.6                                       12345678
+ 27.27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+ 28.28 no trunc
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/n+2l24f-0FF b/tests/pr/n+2l24f-0FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4394e63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/n+2l24f-0FF
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+  1.1   FF-Test: FF's at Start of File             V
+  2.2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+  3.3   --------------------------------------------
+  4.4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+  5.5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+  6.6   FF-Arangements: Empty Pages at start
+  7.7   \ftext; \f\ntext;
+  8.8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntext; \f\n\ftext; \f\n\f\n;
+  9.9 3456789 123456789 123456789  
+ 10.10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+ 11.1                                       12345678
+ 12.2                                       12345678
+ 13.3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+ 14.14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 15.15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 16.16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 17.7                                       12345678
+ 18.8                                       12345678
+ 19.9 3456789 ab
+ 20.20 DEFGHI 123
+ 21.1                                       12345678
+ 22.2                                       12345678
+ 23.3                                       12345678
+ 24.4                                       12345678
+ 25.5                                       12345678
+ 26.6                                       12345678
+ 27.27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+ 28.28 no trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+ 29.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 30.30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 31.1                                       12345678
+ 32.2 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 33.3                                       12345678
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/n+2l24f-bl b/tests/pr/n+2l24f-bl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7eb114b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/n+2l24f-bl
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+ 15.15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 16.16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 17.7                                       12345678
+ 18.8                                       12345678
+ 19.9 3456789 ab
+ 20.20 DEFGHI 123
+ 21.1                                       12345678
+ 22.
+ 23.
+ 24.4                                       12345678
+ 25.5                                       12345678
+ 26.6                                       12345678
+ 27.27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+ 28.
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 29.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 30.30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 31.1                                       12345678
+ 32.2 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 33.3                                       12345678
+ 34.4                                       12345678
+ 35.
+ 36.6                                       12345678
+ 37.7                                       12345678
+ 38.8                                       12345678
+ 39.9 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 40.40 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 41.41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 42.42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 43.43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 44.44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 45.5                                       12345678
+ 46.6                                       12345678
+ 47.7                                       12345678
+ 48.8                                       12345678
+ 49.9                                       12345678
+ 50.50                                      12345678
+ 51.1                                       12345678
+ 52.
+ 53.
+ 54.
+ 55.55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 56.56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+ 57. 
+ 58.58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 59.9                                       12345678
+ 60.60 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 61.61 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 62.62 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+ 63.63 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 64.64 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 65.5                                       12345678
+ 66.6                                       12345678
+ 67.7                                       12345678
+ 68.8                                       12345678
+ 69.9                                       12345678
+ 70.70  456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+ 71.1                                       12345678
+ 72.
+ 73.
+ 74.
+ 75.74 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 76.75 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/n+3-7l24-FF b/tests/pr/n+3-7l24-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2cc15f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/n+3-7l24-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+ 15.15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 16.16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 17.7                                       12345678
+ 18.8                                       12345678
+ 19.9 3456789 ab
+ 20.20 DEFGHI 123
+ 21.1                                       12345678
+ 22.2                                       12345678
+ 23.3                                       12345678
+ 24.4                                       12345678
+ 25.5                                       12345678
+ 26.6                                       12345678
+ 27.27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+ 28.28 no trunc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 29.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 30.30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 31.1                                       12345678
+ 32.2 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 33.3                                       12345678
+ 34.4                                       12345678
+ 35.5                                       12345678
+ 36.6                                       12345678
+ 37.7                                       12345678
+ 38.8                                       12345678
+ 39.9 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 40.40 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 41.41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 42.42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/n+3l24f-0FF b/tests/pr/n+3l24f-0FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7440d4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/n+3l24f-0FF
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+  1.1   FF-Test: FF's at Start of File             V
+  2.2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+  3.3   --------------------------------------------
+  4.4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+  5.5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+  6.6   FF-Arangements: Empty Pages at start
+  7.7   \ftext; \f\ntext;
+  8.8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntext; \f\n\ftext; \f\n\f\n;
+  9.9 3456789 123456789 123456789  
+ 10.10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+ 11.1                                       12345678
+ 12.2                                       12345678
+ 13.3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+ 14.14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 15.15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 16.16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 17.7                                       12345678
+ 18.8                                       12345678
+ 19.9 3456789 ab
+ 20.20 DEFGHI 123
+ 21.1                                       12345678
+ 22.2                                       12345678
+ 23.3                                       12345678
+ 24.4                                       12345678
+ 25.5                                       12345678
+ 26.6                                       12345678
+ 27.27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+ 28.28 no trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+ 29.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 30.30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 31.1                                       12345678
+ 32.2 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 33.3                                       12345678
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/n+3l24f-bl b/tests/pr/n+3l24f-bl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0675c5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/n+3l24f-bl
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+ 15.15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 16.16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 17.7                                       12345678
+ 18.8                                       12345678
+ 19.9 3456789 ab
+ 20.20 DEFGHI 123
+ 21.1                                       12345678
+ 22.
+ 23.
+ 24.4                                       12345678
+ 25.5                                       12345678
+ 26.6                                       12345678
+ 27.27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+ 28.
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 29.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 30.30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 31.1                                       12345678
+ 32.2 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 33.3                                       12345678
+ 34.4                                       12345678
+ 35.
+ 36.6                                       12345678
+ 37.7                                       12345678
+ 38.8                                       12345678
+ 39.9 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 40.40 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 41.41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 42.42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 43.43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 44.44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 45.5                                       12345678
+ 46.6                                       12345678
+ 47.7                                       12345678
+ 48.8                                       12345678
+ 49.9                                       12345678
+ 50.50                                      12345678
+ 51.1                                       12345678
+ 52.
+ 53.
+ 54.
+ 55.55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 56.56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+ 57. 
+ 58.58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 59.9                                       12345678
+ 60.60 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 61.61 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 62.62 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+ 63.63 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 64.64 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 65.5                                       12345678
+ 66.6                                       12345678
+ 67.7                                       12345678
+ 68.8                                       12345678
+ 69.9                                       12345678
+ 70.70  456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+ 71.1                                       12345678
+ 72.
+ 73.
+ 74.
+ 75.74 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 76.75 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/n+3ml20f-bl-FF b/tests/pr/n+3ml20f-bl-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc2e720
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/n+3ml20f-bl-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+ 15.15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 16.16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ 16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ
+ 17.7				      7
+ 18.8				      8
+ 19.9 3456789 ab		      9 3456789 ab
+ 20.20 DEFGHI 123		      20 DEFGHI 123
+ 21.1				      1
+ 22.				      2
+ 23.				      3
+ 24.4				      4
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 25.5				      5
+ 26.6				      6
+ 27.27 no truncation before FF; (r_l- 27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-
+ 28.				      28 no trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+ 29.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 30.30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ 30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ
+ 31.1				      1
+ 32.2 3456789 abcdefghi		      2 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 33.3				      3
+ 34.4				      4
+ 35.				      5
+ 36.6				      6
+ 37.7				      7
+ 38.8				      8
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 39.9 3456789 abcdefghi		      9 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 40.40 DEFGHI 123456789		      40 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 41.41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab    41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 42.42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABC 42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABC
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 11
+
+
+ 43.43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 44.44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ 44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ
+ 45.5				      5
+ 46.6				      6
+ 47.7				      7
+ 48.8				      8
+ 49.9				      9
+ 50.50				      50
+ 51.1				      1
+ 52.				      2
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 12
+
+
+ 53.				      3
+ 54.				      4
+ 55.55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab    55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 56.56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABC 56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABC
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 13
+
+
+ 57.				      57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 58.58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ 58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ
+ 59.9				      9
+ 60.60 DEFGHI 123456789		      60 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 61.61 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab    
+ 62.62 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABC 
+ 63.63 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   
+ 64.64 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ 
+ 65.5				      
+ 66.6				      
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 14
+
+
+ 67.7				      
+ 68.8				      
+ 69.9				      
+ 70.70	456789 123456789 abcdefghi AB 
+ 71.1				      
+ 72.				      
+ 73.				      
+ 74.				      
+ 75.74 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab    
+ 76.75 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABC
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/n+3ml24f-bl-tn b/tests/pr/n+3ml24f-bl-tn
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4346035
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/n+3ml24f-bl-tn
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+ 15.15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 16.16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ 30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ
+ 17.7				      1
+ 18.8				      2 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 19.9 3456789 ab		      3
+ 20.20 DEFGHI 123		      4
+ 21.1				      5
+ 22.				      6
+ 23.				      7
+ 24.4				      8
+ 25.5				      9 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 26.6				      40 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 27.27 no truncation before FF; (r_l- 41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 28.				      42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABC
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+ 29.				      43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 30.				      44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ
+ 31.				      5
+ 32.				      6
+ 33.				      7
+ 34.				      8
+ 35.				      9
+ 36.				      50
+ 37.				      1
+ 38.				      2
+ 39.				      3
+ 40.				      4
+ 41.				      55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 42.				      56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABC
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 43.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 44.30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ 58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ
+ 45.1				      9
+ 46.2 3456789 abcdefghi		      60 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 47.3				      1
+ 48.4				      2
+ 49.				      3	 ------- EOF -------- EOF -----
+ 50.6				      
+ 51.7				      
+ 52.8				      
+ 53.9 3456789 abcdefghi		      
+ 54.40 DEFGHI 123456789		      
+ 55.41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab    
+ 56.42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABC
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 57.43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   
+ 58.44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ 
+ 59.5				      
+ 60.6				      
+ 61.7				      
+ 62.8				      
+ 63.9				      
+ 64.50				      
+ 65.1				      
+ 66.				      
+ 67.				      
+ 68.				      
+ 69.55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab    
+ 70.56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABC
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+ 71.				      
+ 72.58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ 
+ 73.9				      
+ 74.60 DEFGHI 123456789		      
+ 75.61 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab    
+ 76.62 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABC 
+ 77.63 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   
+ 78.64 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ 
+ 79.5				      
+ 80.6				      
+ 81.7				      
+ 82.8				      
+ 83.9				      
+ 84.70	456789 123456789 abcdefghi AB 
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+ 85.1				      
+ 86.				      
+ 87.				      
+ 88.				      
+ 89.74 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab    
+ 90.75 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABC
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/n+3ml24f-tn-bl b/tests/pr/n+3ml24f-tn-bl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76bcf93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/n+3ml24f-tn-bl
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+ 29.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 30.30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ 16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ
+ 31.1				      7
+ 32.2 3456789 abcdefghi		      8
+ 33.3				      9 3456789 ab
+ 34.4				      20 DEFGHI 123
+ 35.5				      1
+ 36.6				      
+ 37.7				      
+ 38.8				      4
+ 39.9 3456789 abcdefghi		      5
+ 40.40 DEFGHI 123456789		      6
+ 41.41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab    27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-
+ 42.42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABC 
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+ 43.43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   
+ 44.44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ 
+ 45.5				      
+ 46.6				      
+ 47.7				      
+ 48.8				      
+ 49.9				      
+ 50.50				      
+ 51.1				      
+ 52.2				      
+ 53.3				      
+ 54.4				      
+ 55.55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab    
+ 56.56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABC 
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 57.57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 58.58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ 30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ
+ 59.9				      1
+ 60.60 DEFGHI 123456789		      2 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 61.1				      3
+ 62.2				      4
+ 63.3  ------- EOF -------- EOF ----- 
+ 64.				      6
+ 65.				      7
+ 66.				      8
+ 67.				      9 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 68.				      40 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 69.				      41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 70.				      42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABC
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 71.				      43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 72.				      44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ
+ 73.				      5
+ 74.				      6
+ 75.				      7
+ 76.				      8
+ 77.				      9
+ 78.				      50
+ 79.				      1
+ 80.				      
+ 81.				      
+ 82.				      
+ 83.				      55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 84.				      56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABC
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+ 85.				      
+ 86.				      58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ
+ 87.				      9
+ 88.				      60 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 89.				      61 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 90.				      62 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABC
+ 91.				      63 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 92.				      64 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZ
+ 93.				      5
+ 94.				      6
+ 95.				      7
+ 96.				      8
+ 97.				      9
+ 98.				      70  456789 123456789 abcdefghi AB
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+ 99.				      1
+100.				      
+101.				      
+102.				      
+103.				      74 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+104.				      75 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABC
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/n+4-8a2l17-FF b/tests/pr/n+4-8a2l17-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09b76fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/n+4-8a2l17-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 29.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  30.30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz X
+ 31.1				     32.2 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 33.3				     34.4
+ 35.5				     36.6
+ 37.7				     38.8
+ 39.9 3456789 abcdefghi		     40.40 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 41.41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   42.42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi A
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 43.43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  44.44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz X
+ 45.5				     46.6
+ 47.7				     48.8
+ 49.9				     50.50
+ 51.1				     52.2
+ 53.3				     54.4
+ 55.55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   56.56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi A
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/n+4b2l17f-0FF b/tests/pr/n+4b2l17f-0FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecc974d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/n+4b2l17f-0FF
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 15.15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  22.2
+ 16.16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz X  23.3
+ 17.7				     24.4
+ 18.8				     25.5
+ 19.9 3456789 ab		     26.6
+ 20.20 DEFGHI 123		     27.27 no truncation before FF; (r_
+ 21.1				     28.28 no trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+ 29.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  32.2 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 30.30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz X  33.3
+ 31.1
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/n+5-8b3l17f-FF b/tests/pr/n+5-8b3l17f-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fb2286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/n+5-8b3l17f-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 29.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZ  34.4			 39.9 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 30.30 456789 123456789  35.5			 40.40 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 31.1			 36.6			 41.41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZX
+ 32.2 3456789 abcdefghi  37.7			 42.42 456789 123456789
+ 33.3			 38.8
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 43.43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZ  48.8			 53.3
+ 44.44 456789 123456789  49.9			 54.4
+ 45.5			 50.50			 55.55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZX
+ 46.6			 51.1			 56.56 456789 123456789
+ 47.7			 52.2
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/n+5a3l13f-0FF b/tests/pr/n+5a3l13f-0FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db19871
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/n+5a3l13f-0FF
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+ 15.15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZ  16.16 456789 123456789  17.7
+ 18.8			 19.9 3456789 ab	 20.20 DEFGHI 123
+ 21.1			 22.2			 23.3
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+ 24.4			 25.5			 26.6
+ 27.27 no truncation be  28.28 no trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 29.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZ  30.30 456789 123456789  31.1
+ 32.2 3456789 abcdefghi  33.3
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/n+6a2l17-FF b/tests/pr/n+6a2l17-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cd68f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/n+6a2l17-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 43.43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  44.44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz X
+ 45.5				     46.6
+ 47.7				     48.8
+ 49.9				     50.50
+ 51.1				     52.2
+ 53.3				     54.4
+ 55.55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   56.56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi A
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+ 57.57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  58.58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz X
+ 59.9				     60.60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/n+6b3l13f-FF b/tests/pr/n+6b3l13f-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0795673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/n+6b3l13f-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+ 29.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZ  32.2 3456789 abcdefghi  35.5
+ 30.30 456789 123456789  33.3			 36.6
+ 31.1			 34.4			 37.7
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 38.8			 40.40 DEFGHI 123456789  42.42 456789 123456789
+ 39.9 3456789 abcdefghi  41.41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZX
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 11
+
+
+ 43.43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZ  46.6			 49.9
+ 44.44 456789 123456789  47.7			 50.50
+ 45.5			 48.8			 51.1
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 12
+
+
+ 52.2			 54.4			 56.56 456789 123456789
+ 53.3			 55.55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZX
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 13
+
+
+ 57.57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZ  59.9			 60.60 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 58.58 456789 123456789
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/n+7l24-FF b/tests/pr/n+7l24-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4a6e01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/n+7l24-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 43.43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 44.44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 45.5                                       12345678
+ 46.6                                       12345678
+ 47.7                                       12345678
+ 48.8                                       12345678
+ 49.9                                       12345678
+ 50.50                                      12345678
+ 51.1                                       12345678
+ 52.2                                       12345678
+ 53.3                                       12345678
+ 54.4                                       12345678
+ 55.55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 56.56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+ 57.57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 58.58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 59.9                                       12345678
+ 60.60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/n+8l20-FF b/tests/pr/n+8l20-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cad0470
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/n+8l20-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 39.9 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 40.40 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 41.41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 42.42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 11
+
+
+ 43.43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 44.44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 45.5                                       12345678
+ 46.6                                       12345678
+ 47.7                                       12345678
+ 48.8                                       12345678
+ 49.9                                       12345678
+ 50.50                                      12345678
+ 51.1                                       12345678
+ 52.2                                       12345678
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 12
+
+
+ 53.3                                       12345678
+ 54.4                                       12345678
+ 55.55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 56.56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 13
+
+
+ 57.57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 58.58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 59.9                                       12345678
+ 60.60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/pr/nJml24f-lmlmlo b/tests/pr/nJml24f-lmlmlo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b515db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/nJml24f-lmlmlo
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+  1.1<<<  -Test: FF's in Text			 >>>	1<<<  -Test: FF's in Text			  >>>	1:::  Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by Hand"    :::
+  2.2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / ...  >>>	2<<<	 -b -3 / -a -3 / ...  >>>	2:::	Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]   :::
+  3.3<<<  >>>	3<<<  >>>	3:::  Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]   :::
+  4.4<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678  >>>	4<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678  >>>	4:::  Options	    [+2|+3] [-l 24|17] [-f]   :::
+  5.		5:::  :::
+  6.6<<<  -Arangements: One Empty Page	>>>	6<<<  -Arangements: One Empty Page	>>>	6:::  --------------------------------------------	 :::
+  7.7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;  >>>	7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;  >>>	7:::  789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890	 :::
+  8.8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;  >>>	8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;	>>>	8:::  3 Columns downwards, across, ...:  :::
+  9.9<<<  >>> 	9<<<  >>> 	9:::	With columns use  <= 5 text lines/page,	 :::
+ 10.10<<<  >>>	10<<<  >>>	10:::	 without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = total lines/page,  :::
+ 11.1<<<  >>>	1<<<  >>>	1:::  with -f e.g.   :	-l 8 -f	 :::
+ 12.2<<<  >>>	2<<<  >>>	2:::  :::
+ 13.3<<<  truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:  >>>	3<<<	 truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:  >>>	3:::	line truncation before new page; r_r_o_l-test:	:::
+ 14.14<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789  >>>	14<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789  >>>	14:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+ 15.		15:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::
+ 16.		16:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::
+ 17.		7:::  12345678  :::
+ 18.		8:::  12345678  :::
+ 19.		9:::  3456789 ab	:::
+ 20.		20:::  DEFGHI 123	 :::
+ 21.		21:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890	:::
+ 22.		2:::  12345678  :::
+ 23.		3:::  12345678  :::
+ 24.		4:::  12345678  :::
+ 25.		5:::  12345678  :::
+ 26.		6:::  12345678  :::
+ 27.		27:::  no truncation before nwe page; (r_l-test):	 :::
+ 28.		28:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890	:::
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+ 29.15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	 >>>	15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	29:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::
+ 30.16<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	16<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	30:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::
+ 31.7<<<  >>>	7<<<  >>>	1:::  12345678	:::
+ 32.8<<<  >>>	8<<<  >>>	2:::  3456789 abcdefghi	 :::
+ 33.9<<<  >>>	9<<<  >>>	3:::  12345678	:::
+ 34.20<<<  >>>	20<<<  >>>	4:::	12345678  :::
+ 35.1<<<  >>>	1<<<  >>>	35:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+ 36.		6:::  12345678  :::
+ 37.		7:::  12345678  :::
+ 38.4<<<  >>>	4<<<  >>>	8:::  12345678	:::
+ 39.5<<<  >>>	5<<<  >>>	9:::  3456789 abcdefghi	 :::
+ 40.6<<<  >>>	6<<<  >>>	40:::  DEFGHI 123456789	 :::
+ 41.27<<<  truncation before FF; (r_l-test):  >>>	27<<<	 truncation before FF; (r_l-test):  >>>	41:::  yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   :::
+ 42.28<<<  trunc	28<<<	trunc	42:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890	:::
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+ 43.		43:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::
+ 44.		44:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::
+ 45.		5:::  12345678  :::
+ 46.		6:::  12345678  :::
+ 47.		7:::  12345678  :::
+ 48.		8:::  12345678  :::
+ 49.		49:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890	:::
+ 50.		50:::  12345678  :::
+ 51.		1:::  12345678  :::
+ 52.		2:::  12345678  :::
+ 53.		3:::  12345678  :::
+ 54.		4:::  12345678  :::
+ 55.		55:::  yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   :::
+ 56.		56:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890	:::
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 57.29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	57:::	 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::
+ 58.30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	58:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::
+ 59.1<<<  >>>	1<<<  >>>	9:::  12345678	:::
+ 60.2<<<  abcdefghi  >>>	2<<<  abcdefghi  >>>	60:::  DEFGHI 123456789  :::
+ 61.3<<<  >>>	3<<<  >>>	1:::	:::
+ 62.4<<<  >>>	4<<<  >>>	2:::	:::
+ 63.5<<<  >>>	5<<<  >>>	3:::  ------- EOF -------- EOF -------- EOF ------- EOF ------- EOF ------- EOF	  :::
+ 64.6<<<  >>>	6<<<  >>>	
+ 65.7<<<  >>>	7<<<  >>>	
+ 66.8<<<  >>>	8<<<  >>>	
+ 67.9<<<  abcdefghi  >>>	9<<<  abcdefghi  >>>	
+ 68.40<<<  123456789  >>>	40<<<	 123456789  >>>	
+ 69.41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	>>>	41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	>>>	
+ 70.42<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>	42<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 71.43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	 >>>	43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	
+ 72.44<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	44<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	
+ 73.5<<<  >>>	5<<<  >>>	
+ 74.6<<<  >>>	6<<<  >>>	
+ 75.7<<<  >>>	7<<<  >>>	
+ 76.8<<<  >>>	8<<<  >>>	
+ 77.9<<<  >>>	9<<<  >>>	
+ 78.50<<<  >>>	50<<<  >>>	
+ 79.1<<<  >>>	1<<<  >>>	
+ 80.2<<<  >>>	2<<<  >>>	
+ 81.3<<<  >>>	3<<<  >>>	
+ 82.4<<<  >>>	4<<<  >>>	
+ 83.55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	
+ 84.56<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>	56<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+ 85.57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	 >>>	57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	
+ 86.58<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	58<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	
+ 87.9<<<  >>>	9<<<  >>>	
+ 88.60<<<  123456789  >>>	60<<<	 123456789  >>>	
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/nJml24f-lmlolm b/tests/pr/nJml24f-lmlolm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84dd27c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/nJml24f-lmlolm
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+  1.1<<<  -Test: FF's in Text			 >>>	1:::  Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by Hand"	   ::: 	1<<<  -Test: FF's in Text		     >>>
+  2.2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / ...  >>>	2:::	 Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]	:::	2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / ...  >>>
+  3.3<<<  >>>	3:::  Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]   :::	3<<<  >>>
+  4.4<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678  >>>	4:::  Options	  [+2|+3] [-l 24|17] [-f]   :::	4<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678  >>>
+  5.	5:::  :::	
+  6.6<<<  -Arangements: One Empty Page	>>>	6:::  --------------------------------------------	 :::	6<<<  -Arangements: One Empty Page	 >>>
+  7.7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;  >>>	7:::  789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890   :::	7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;	 >>>
+  8.8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;  >>>	8:::  3 Columns downwards, across, ...:	 :::	8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;  >>>
+  9.9<<<  >>> 	9:::  With columns use  <= 5 text lines/page,  :::	9<<<	>>>
+ 10.10<<<  >>>	10:::  without -f e.g.:	-l 15 = total lines/page,  :::	10<<<  >>>
+ 11.1<<<  >>>	1:::  with -f e.g.   :  -l 8 -f  :::	1<<<	 >>>
+ 12.2<<<  >>>	2:::  :::	2<<<  >>>
+ 13.3<<<  truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:  >>>	3:::	 line truncation before new page; r_r_o_l-test:	 :::	3<<<  truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:	>>>
+ 14.14<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789  >>>	14:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890	:::	14<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+ 15.	15:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::	
+ 16.	16:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::	
+ 17.	7:::  12345678  :::	
+ 18.	8:::  12345678  :::	
+ 19.	9:::  3456789 ab  :::	
+ 20.	20:::  DEFGHI 123	:::	
+ 21.	21:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::	
+ 22.	2:::  12345678  :::	
+ 23.	3:::  12345678  :::	
+ 24.	4:::  12345678  :::	
+ 25.	5:::  12345678  :::	
+ 26.	6:::  12345678  :::	
+ 27.	27:::  no truncation before nwe page; (r_l-test):	:::	
+ 28.	28:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::	
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+ 29.15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	 >>>	29:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::	15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+ 30.16<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	30:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::	16<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+ 31.7<<<  >>>	1:::  12345678  :::	7<<<	>>>
+ 32.8<<<  >>>	2:::  3456789 abcdefghi  :::	8<<<	 >>>
+ 33.9<<<  >>>	3:::  12345678  :::	9<<<	>>>
+ 34.20<<<  >>>	4:::  12345678  :::	20<<<  >>>
+ 35.1<<<  >>>	35:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890	:::	1<<<  >>>
+ 36.	6:::  12345678  :::	
+ 37.	7:::  12345678  :::	
+ 38.4<<<  >>>	8:::  12345678  :::	4<<<	>>>
+ 39.5<<<  >>>	9:::  3456789 abcdefghi  :::	5<<<	 >>>
+ 40.6<<<  >>>	40:::  DEFGHI 123456789  :::	6<<<	 >>>
+ 41.27<<<  truncation before FF; (r_l-test):  >>>	41:::	 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   :::	27<<<  truncation before FF; (r_l-test):  >>>
+ 42.28<<<  trunc	42:::	89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::	28<<<  trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+ 43.	43:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::	
+ 44.	44:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::	
+ 45.	5:::  12345678  :::	
+ 46.	6:::  12345678  :::	
+ 47.	7:::  12345678  :::	
+ 48.	8:::  12345678  :::	
+ 49.	49:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::	
+ 50.	50:::  12345678  :::	
+ 51.	1:::  12345678  :::	
+ 52.	2:::  12345678  :::	
+ 53.	3:::  12345678  :::	
+ 54.	4:::  12345678  :::	
+ 55.	55:::  yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	  :::	
+ 56.	56:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::	
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 57.29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	57:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	:::	29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+ 58.30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>	58:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::	30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+ 59.1<<<  >>>	9:::  12345678  :::	1<<<	>>>
+ 60.2<<<  abcdefghi  >>>	60:::	DEFGHI 123456789  :::	2<<<  abcdefghi  >>>
+ 61.3<<<  >>>	1:::    :::	3<<<	>>>
+ 62.4<<<  >>>	2:::    :::	4<<<	>>>
+ 63.5<<<  >>>	3:::  ------- EOF -------- EOF -------- EOF ------- EOF ------- EOF ------- EOF	:::	5<<<  >>>
+ 64.6<<<  >>>		6<<<  >>>
+ 65.7<<<  >>>		7<<<  >>>
+ 66.8<<<  >>>		8<<<  >>>
+ 67.9<<<  abcdefghi  >>>		9<<<	abcdefghi  >>>
+ 68.40<<<  123456789  >>>		40<<<  123456789  >>>
+ 69.41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	>>>		41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	 >>>
+ 70.42<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>		42<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 71.43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	 >>>		43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+ 72.44<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>		44<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+ 73.5<<<  >>>		5<<<  >>>
+ 74.6<<<  >>>		6<<<  >>>
+ 75.7<<<  >>>		7<<<  >>>
+ 76.8<<<  >>>		8<<<  >>>
+ 77.9<<<  >>>		9<<<  >>>
+ 78.50<<<  >>>		50<<<  >>>
+ 79.1<<<  >>>		1<<<  >>>
+ 80.2<<<  >>>		2<<<  >>>
+ 81.3<<<  >>>		3<<<  >>>
+ 82.4<<<  >>>		4<<<  >>>
+ 83.55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>		55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+ 84.56<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>		56<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+ 85.57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	 >>>		57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+ 86.58<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>		58<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+ 87.9<<<  >>>		9<<<  >>>
+ 88.60<<<  123456789  >>>		60<<<  123456789  >>>
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/nN1+3l24f-bl b/tests/pr/nN1+3l24f-bl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38b793a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/nN1+3l24f-bl
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+  1.15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+  2.16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+  3.7                                       12345678
+  4.8                                       12345678
+  5.9 3456789 ab
+  6.20 DEFGHI 123
+  7.1                                       12345678
+  8.
+  9.
+ 10.4                                       12345678
+ 11.5                                       12345678
+ 12.6                                       12345678
+ 13.27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+ 14.
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 15.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 16.30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 17.1                                       12345678
+ 18.2 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 19.3                                       12345678
+ 20.4                                       12345678
+ 21.
+ 22.6                                       12345678
+ 23.7                                       12345678
+ 24.8                                       12345678
+ 25.9 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 26.40 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 27.41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 28.42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 29.43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 30.44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 31.5                                       12345678
+ 32.6                                       12345678
+ 33.7                                       12345678
+ 34.8                                       12345678
+ 35.9                                       12345678
+ 36.50                                      12345678
+ 37.1                                       12345678
+ 38.
+ 39.
+ 40.
+ 41.55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 42.56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+ 43. 
+ 44.58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 45.9                                       12345678
+ 46.60 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 47.61 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 48.62 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+ 49.63 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 50.64 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 51.5                                       12345678
+ 52.6                                       12345678
+ 53.7                                       12345678
+ 54.8                                       12345678
+ 55.9                                       12345678
+ 56.70  456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+ 57.1                                       12345678
+ 58.
+ 59.
+ 60.
+ 61.74 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 62.75 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/nN15l24f-bl b/tests/pr/nN15l24f-bl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4356eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/nN15l24f-bl
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+ 15.1   FF-Test: FF's in Text                      V
+ 16.2   Options -n;
+ 17.3   numbering lines with skiped pages;
+ 18.4   numbering blanc lines (no. 5,12,13,23,28)
+ 19.
+ 20.6 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+ 21.7   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+ 22.8   
+ 23.9   
+ 24.10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+ 25.1                                       12345678
+ 26.          
+ 27.
+ 28.14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+ 29.15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 30.16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 31.7                                       12345678
+ 32.8                                       12345678
+ 33.9 3456789 ab
+ 34.20 DEFGHI 123
+ 35.1                                       12345678
+ 36.
+ 37.
+ 38.4                                       12345678
+ 39.5                                       12345678
+ 40.6                                       12345678
+ 41.27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+ 42.
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 43.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 44.30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 45.1                                       12345678
+ 46.2 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 47.3                                       12345678
+ 48.4                                       12345678
+ 49.
+ 50.6                                       12345678
+ 51.7                                       12345678
+ 52.8                                       12345678
+ 53.9 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 54.40 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 55.41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 56.42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 57.43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 58.44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 59.5                                       12345678
+ 60.6                                       12345678
+ 61.7                                       12345678
+ 62.8                                       12345678
+ 63.9                                       12345678
+ 64.50                                      12345678
+ 65.1                                       12345678
+ 66.
+ 67.
+ 68.
+ 69.55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 70.56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+ 71. 
+ 72.58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 73.9                                       12345678
+ 74.60 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 75.61 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 76.62 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+ 77.63 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 78.64 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 79.5                                       12345678
+ 80.6                                       12345678
+ 81.7                                       12345678
+ 82.8                                       12345678
+ 83.9                                       12345678
+ 84.70  456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+ 85.1                                       12345678
+ 86.
+ 87.
+ 88.
+ 89.74 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 90.75 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/nSml20-bl-FF b/tests/pr/nSml20-bl-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18036e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/nSml20-bl-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+  1.1	FF-Test: FF's in Text	    :--:1   FF-Test: FF's in Text
+  2.2	Options -n;		    :--:2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+  3.3	numbering lines with skiped :--:3   ----------------------------
+  4.4	numbering blanc lines (no. 5:--:4 3456789 123456789 123456789 12
+  5.				    :--:5   3 Columns downwards ..., <=
+  6.6 3456789 123456789 123456789 12:--:6   FF-Arangements: One Empty Pa
+  7.7	3 Columns downwards ..., <= :--:7   text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext;
+  8.8				    :--:8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;
+  9.9				    :--:9
+ 10.10	zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz12:--:10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz12
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+ 11.1				    :--:1
+ 12.				    :--:2
+ 13.				    :--:3 line truncation before FF; r_r
+ 14.14 456789 123456789 123456789 12:--:14 456789 123456789 123456789 12
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+ 15.15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab :--:15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 16.16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XY:--:16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XY
+ 17.7				    :--:7
+ 18.8				    :--:8
+ 19.9 3456789 ab		    :--:9 3456789 ab
+ 20.20 DEFGHI 123		    :--:20 DEFGHI 123
+ 21.1				    :--:1
+ 22.				    :--:2
+ 23.				    :--:3
+ 24.4				    :--:4
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 25.5				    :--:5
+ 26.6				    :--:6
+ 27.27 no truncation before FF; (r_l:--:27 no truncation before FF; (r_l
+ 28.				    :--:28 no trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+ 29.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab :--:29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 30.30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XY:--:30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XY
+ 31.1				    :--:1
+ 32.2 3456789 abcdefghi		    :--:2 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 33.3				    :--:3
+ 34.4				    :--:4
+ 35.				    :--:5
+ 36.6				    :--:6
+ 37.7				    :--:7
+ 38.8				    :--:8
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 39.9 3456789 abcdefghi		    :--:9 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 40.40 DEFGHI 123456789		    :--:40 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 41.41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :--:41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 42.42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi AB:--:42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi AB
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 11
+
+
+ 43.43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab :--:43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 44.44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XY:--:44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XY
+ 45.5				    :--:5
+ 46.6				    :--:6
+ 47.7				    :--:7
+ 48.8				    :--:8
+ 49.9				    :--:9
+ 50.50				    :--:50
+ 51.1				    :--:1
+ 52.				    :--:2
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 12
+
+
+ 53.				    :--:3
+ 54.				    :--:4
+ 55.55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :--:55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 56.56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi AB:--:56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi AB
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 13
+
+
+ 57.				    :--:57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 58.58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XY:--:58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XY
+ 59.9				    :--:9
+ 60.60 DEFGHI 123456789		    :--:60 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 61.61 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :--:
+ 62.62 456789 123456789 abcdefghi AB:--:
+ 63.63 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab :--:
+ 64.64 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XY:--:
+ 65.5				    :--:
+ 66.6				    :--:
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 14
+
+
+ 67.7				    :--:
+ 68.8				    :--:
+ 69.9				    :--:
+ 70.70	456789 123456789 abcdefghi A:--:
+ 71.1				    :--:
+ 72.				    :--:
+ 73.				    :--:
+ 74.				    :--:
+ 75.74 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :--:
+ 76.75 456789 123456789 abcdefghi AB
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/nSml20-t-t-FF b/tests/pr/nSml20-t-t-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abe6652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/nSml20-t-t-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+  1.1	Test-INPUT: "Wit:--:1	Test-INPUT: "Wit:--:1	FF-Test: FF's in
+  2.2	Options -b -3 [+:--:2	Options -b -3 [+:--:2	Options -b -3 /
+  3.3	Options -a -3 [+:--:3	Options -a -3 [+:--:3	----------------
+  4.4	Options	      [+:--:4	Options	      [+:--:4 3456789 123456789
+  5.5			:--:5			:--:5	3 Columns downwa
+  6.6	----------------:--:6	----------------:--:6	FF-Arangements:
+  7.7 3456789 123456789 :--:7 3456789 123456789 :--:7	text\f\f\n; text
+  8.8	3 Columns downwa:--:8	3 Columns downwa:--:8	\f\f\n; \f\n\f\n
+  9.9	With columns use:--:9	With columns use:--:9
+ 10.10	without -f e.g.::--:10	without -f e.g.::--:10	zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+ 11.1	with -f e.g.   ::--:1	with -f e.g.   ::--:1
+ 12.2			:--:2			:--:2
+ 13.3 line truncation be:--:3 line truncation be:--:3 line truncation be
+ 14.14 456789 123456789 :--:14 456789 123456789 :--:14 456789 123456789
+ 15.15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX:--:15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX:--:
+ 16.16 456789 123456789 :--:16 456789 123456789 :--:
+ 17.7			:--:7			:--:
+ 18.8			:--:8			:--:
+ 19.9 3456789 ab	:--:9 3456789 ab	:--:
+ 20.20 DEFGHI 123	:--:20 DEFGHI 123	:--:
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+ 21.1			:--:1			:--:
+ 22.2			:--:2			:--:
+ 23.3			:--:3			:--:
+ 24.4			:--:4			:--:
+ 25.5			:--:5			:--:
+ 26.6			:--:6			:--:
+ 27.27 no truncation bef:--:27 no truncation bef:--:
+ 28.28 no trunc		:--:28 no trunc		:--:
+ 29.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX:--:29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX:--:
+ 30.30 456789 123456789 :--:30 456789 123456789 :--:
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+ 31.1			:--:1			:--:15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX
+ 32.2 3456789 abcdefghi :--:2 3456789 abcdefghi :--:16 456789 123456789
+ 33.3			:--:3			:--:7
+ 34.4			:--:4			:--:8
+ 35.5			:--:5			:--:9 3456789 ab
+ 36.6			:--:6			:--:20 DEFGHI 123
+ 37.7			:--:7			:--:1
+ 38.8			:--:8			:--:2
+ 39.9 3456789 abcdefghi :--:9 3456789 abcdefghi :--:3
+ 40.40 DEFGHI 123456789 :--:40 DEFGHI 123456789 :--:4
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 41.41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY:--:41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY:--:5
+ 42.42 456789 123456789 :--:42 456789 123456789 :--:6
+ 43.43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX:--:43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX:--:27 no truncation bef
+ 44.44 456789 123456789 :--:44 456789 123456789 :--:28 no trunc
+ 45.5			:--:5			:--:
+ 46.6			:--:6			:--:
+ 47.7			:--:7			:--:
+ 48.8			:--:8			:--:
+ 49.9			:--:9			:--:
+ 50.50			:--:50			:--:
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+ 51.1			:--:1			:--:
+ 52.2			:--:2			:--:
+ 53.3			:--:3			:--:
+ 54.4			:--:4			:--:
+ 55.55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY:--:55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY:--:
+ 56.56 456789 123456789 :--:56 456789 123456789 :--:
+ 57.57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX:--:57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX:--:
+ 58.58 456789 123456789 :--:58 456789 123456789 :--:
+ 59.9			:--:9			:--:
+ 60.60 DEFGHI 123456789 :--:60 DEFGHI 123456789 :--:
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+ 61.1			:--:1			:--:29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX
+ 62.2			:--:2			:--:30 456789 123456789
+ 63.3  ------- EOF -----:--:3  ------- EOF -----:--:1
+ 64.			:--:			:--:2 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 65.			:--:			:--:3
+ 66.			:--:			:--:4
+ 67.			:--:			:--:5
+ 68.			:--:			:--:6
+ 69.			:--:			:--:7
+ 70.			:--:			:--:8
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 71.			:--:			:--:9 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 72.			:--:			:--:40 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 73.			:--:			:--:41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY
+ 74.			:--:			:--:42 456789 123456789
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 11
+
+
+ 75.			:--:			:--:43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX
+ 76.			:--:			:--:44 456789 123456789
+ 77.			:--:			:--:5
+ 78.			:--:			:--:6
+ 79.			:--:			:--:7
+ 80.			:--:			:--:8
+ 81.			:--:			:--:9
+ 82.			:--:			:--:50
+ 83.			:--:			:--:1
+ 84.			:--:			:--:2
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 12
+
+
+ 85.			:--:			:--:3
+ 86.			:--:			:--:4
+ 87.			:--:			:--:55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY
+ 88.			:--:			:--:56 456789 123456789
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 13
+
+
+ 89.			:--:			:--:57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX
+ 90.			:--:			:--:58 456789 123456789
+ 91.			:--:			:--:9
+ 92.			:--:			:--:60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/nSml20-t-tFFFF b/tests/pr/nSml20-t-tFFFF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4091d01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/nSml20-t-tFFFF
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+  1.1	Test-INPUT:--:1	  Test-INPUT:--:1   FF-Test: F:--:1   FF-Test: F
+  2.2	Options -b:--:2	  Options -b:--:2   Options -b:--:2   Options -b
+  3.3	Options -a:--:3	  Options -a:--:3   ----------:--:3   ----------
+  4.4	Options	  :--:4	  Options   :--:4 3456789 1234:--:4 3456789 1234
+  5.5		  :--:5		    :--:5   3 Columns :--:5   3 Columns
+  6.6	----------:--:6	  ----------:--:6   FF-Arangem:--:6   FF-Arangem
+  7.7 3456789 1234:--:7 3456789 1234:--:7   text\f\f\n:--:7   text\f\f\n
+  8.8	3 Columns :--:8	  3 Columns :--:8   \f\f\n; \f:--:8   \f\f\n; \f
+  9.9	With colum:--:9	  With colum:--:9	      :--:9
+ 10.10	without -f:--:10  without -f:--:10  zzzzzzzzzz:--:10  zzzzzzzzzz
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+ 11.1	with -f e.:--:1	  with -f e.:--:1	      :--:1
+ 12.2		  :--:2		    :--:2	      :--:2
+ 13.3 line truncat:--:3 line truncat:--:3 line truncat:--:3 line truncat
+ 14.14 456789 1234:--:14 456789 1234:--:14 456789 1234:--:14 456789 1234
+ 15.15 xyzxyzxyz X:--:15 xyzxyzxyz X:--:	      :--:
+ 16.16 456789 1234:--:16 456789 1234:--:	      :--:
+ 17.7		  :--:7		    :--:	      :--:
+ 18.8		  :--:8		    :--:	      :--:
+ 19.9 3456789 ab  :--:9 3456789 ab  :--:	      :--:
+ 20.20 DEFGHI 123 :--:20 DEFGHI 123 :--:	      :--:
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+ 21.1		  :--:1		    :--:	      :--:
+ 22.2		  :--:2		    :--:	      :--:
+ 23.3		  :--:3		    :--:	      :--:
+ 24.4		  :--:4		    :--:	      :--:
+ 25.5		  :--:5		    :--:	      :--:
+ 26.6		  :--:6		    :--:	      :--:
+ 27.27 no truncati:--:27 no truncati:--:	      :--:
+ 28.28 no trunc	  :--:28 no trunc   :--:	      :--:
+ 29.29 xyzxyzxyz X:--:29 xyzxyzxyz X:--:	      :--:
+ 30.30 456789 1234:--:30 456789 1234:--:	      :--:
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+ 31.1		  :--:1		    :--:15 xyzxyzxyz X:--:15 xyzxyzxyz X
+ 32.2 3456789 abcd:--:2 3456789 abcd:--:16 456789 1234:--:16 456789 1234
+ 33.3		  :--:3		    :--:7	      :--:7
+ 34.4		  :--:4		    :--:8	      :--:8
+ 35.5		  :--:5		    :--:9 3456789 ab  :--:9 3456789 ab
+ 36.6		  :--:6		    :--:20 DEFGHI 123 :--:20 DEFGHI 123
+ 37.7		  :--:7		    :--:1	      :--:1
+ 38.8		  :--:8		    :--:2	      :--:2
+ 39.9 3456789 abcd:--:9 3456789 abcd:--:3	      :--:3
+ 40.40 DEFGHI 1234:--:40 DEFGHI 1234:--:4	      :--:4
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 41.41 yzxyzxyz XY:--:41 yzxyzxyz XY:--:5	      :--:5
+ 42.42 456789 1234:--:42 456789 1234:--:6	      :--:6
+ 43.43 xyzxyzxyz X:--:43 xyzxyzxyz X:--:27 no truncati:--:27 no truncati
+ 44.44 456789 1234:--:44 456789 1234:--:28 no trunc   :--:28 no trunc
+ 45.5		  :--:5		    :--:	      :--:
+ 46.6		  :--:6		    :--:	      :--:
+ 47.7		  :--:7		    :--:	      :--:
+ 48.8		  :--:8		    :--:	      :--:
+ 49.9		  :--:9		    :--:	      :--:
+ 50.50		  :--:50	    :--:	      :--:
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+ 51.1		  :--:1		    :--:	      :--:
+ 52.2		  :--:2		    :--:	      :--:
+ 53.3		  :--:3		    :--:	      :--:
+ 54.4		  :--:4		    :--:	      :--:
+ 55.55 yzxyzxyz XY:--:55 yzxyzxyz XY:--:	      :--:
+ 56.56 456789 1234:--:56 456789 1234:--:	      :--:
+ 57.57 xyzxyzxyz X:--:57 xyzxyzxyz X:--:	      :--:
+ 58.58 456789 1234:--:58 456789 1234:--:	      :--:
+ 59.9		  :--:9		    :--:	      :--:
+ 60.60 DEFGHI 1234:--:60 DEFGHI 1234:--:	      :--:
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+ 61.1		  :--:1		    :--:29 xyzxyzxyz X:--:29 xyzxyzxyz X
+ 62.2		  :--:2		    :--:30 456789 1234:--:30 456789 1234
+ 63.3  ------- EOF:--:3	 ------- EOF:--:1	      :--:1
+ 64.		  :--:		    :--:2 3456789 abcd:--:2 3456789 abcd
+ 65.		  :--:		    :--:3	      :--:3
+ 66.		  :--:		    :--:4	      :--:4
+ 67.		  :--:		    :--:5	      :--:5
+ 68.		  :--:		    :--:6	      :--:6
+ 69.		  :--:		    :--:7	      :--:7
+ 70.		  :--:		    :--:8	      :--:8
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 71.		  :--:		    :--:9 3456789 abcd:--:9 3456789 abcd
+ 72.		  :--:		    :--:40 DEFGHI 1234:--:40 DEFGHI 1234
+ 73.		  :--:		    :--:41 yzxyzxyz XY:--:41 yzxyzxyz XY
+ 74.		  :--:		    :--:42 456789 1234:--:42 456789 1234
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 11
+
+
+ 75.		  :--:		    :--:43 xyzxyzxyz X:--:43 xyzxyzxyz X
+ 76.		  :--:		    :--:44 456789 1234:--:44 456789 1234
+ 77.		  :--:		    :--:5	      :--:5
+ 78.		  :--:		    :--:6	      :--:6
+ 79.		  :--:		    :--:7	      :--:7
+ 80.		  :--:		    :--:8	      :--:8
+ 81.		  :--:		    :--:9	      :--:9
+ 82.		  :--:		    :--:50	      :--:50
+ 83.		  :--:		    :--:1	      :--:1
+ 84.		  :--:		    :--:2	      :--:2
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 12
+
+
+ 85.		  :--:		    :--:3	      :--:3
+ 86.		  :--:		    :--:4	      :--:4
+ 87.		  :--:		    :--:55 yzxyzxyz XY:--:55 yzxyzxyz XY
+ 88.		  :--:		    :--:56 456789 1234:--:56 456789 1234
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 13
+
+
+ 89.		  :--:		    :--:57 xyzxyzxyz X:--:57 xyzxyzxyz X
+ 90.		  :--:		    :--:58 456789 1234:--:58 456789 1234
+ 91.		  :--:		    :--:9	      :--:9
+ 92.		  :--:		    :--:60 DEFGHI 1234:--:60 DEFGHI 1234
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/nSml24-bl-FF b/tests/pr/nSml24-bl-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8d7c13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/nSml24-bl-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+  1.1	FF-Test: FF's in Text	    :--:1   FF-Test: FF's in Text
+  2.2	Options -n;		    :--:2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+  3.3	numbering lines with skiped :--:3   ----------------------------
+  4.4	numbering blanc lines (no. 5:--:4 3456789 123456789 123456789 12
+  5.				    :--:5   3 Columns downwards ..., <=
+  6.6 3456789 123456789 123456789 12:--:6   FF-Arangements: One Empty Pa
+  7.7	3 Columns downwards ..., <= :--:7   text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext;
+  8.8				    :--:8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;
+  9.9				    :--:9
+ 10.10	zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz12:--:10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz12
+ 11.1				    :--:1
+ 12.				    :--:2
+ 13.				    :--:3 line truncation before FF; r_r
+ 14.14 456789 123456789 123456789 12:--:14 456789 123456789 123456789 12
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+ 15.15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab :--:15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 16.16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XY:--:16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XY
+ 17.7				    :--:7
+ 18.8				    :--:8
+ 19.9 3456789 ab		    :--:9 3456789 ab
+ 20.20 DEFGHI 123		    :--:20 DEFGHI 123
+ 21.1				    :--:1
+ 22.				    :--:2
+ 23.				    :--:3
+ 24.4				    :--:4
+ 25.5				    :--:5
+ 26.6				    :--:6
+ 27.27 no truncation before FF; (r_l:--:27 no truncation before FF; (r_l
+ 28.				    :--:28 no trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 29.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab :--:29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 30.30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XY:--:30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XY
+ 31.1				    :--:1
+ 32.2 3456789 abcdefghi		    :--:2 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 33.3				    :--:3
+ 34.4				    :--:4
+ 35.				    :--:5
+ 36.6				    :--:6
+ 37.7				    :--:7
+ 38.8				    :--:8
+ 39.9 3456789 abcdefghi		    :--:9 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 40.40 DEFGHI 123456789		    :--:40 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 41.41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :--:41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 42.42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi AB:--:42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi AB
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 43.43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab :--:43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 44.44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XY:--:44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XY
+ 45.5				    :--:5
+ 46.6				    :--:6
+ 47.7				    :--:7
+ 48.8				    :--:8
+ 49.9				    :--:9
+ 50.50				    :--:50
+ 51.1				    :--:1
+ 52.				    :--:2
+ 53.				    :--:3
+ 54.				    :--:4
+ 55.55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :--:55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 56.56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi AB:--:56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi AB
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+ 57.				    :--:57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 58.58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XY:--:58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XY
+ 59.9				    :--:9
+ 60.60 DEFGHI 123456789		    :--:60 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 61.61 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :--:
+ 62.62 456789 123456789 abcdefghi AB:--:
+ 63.63 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab :--:
+ 64.64 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XY:--:
+ 65.5				    :--:
+ 66.6				    :--:
+ 67.7				    :--:
+ 68.8				    :--:
+ 69.9				    :--:
+ 70.70	456789 123456789 abcdefghi A:--:
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+ 71.1				    :--:
+ 72.				    :--:
+ 73.				    :--:
+ 74.				    :--:
+ 75.74 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :--:
+ 76.75 456789 123456789 abcdefghi AB
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/nSml24-t-t-FF b/tests/pr/nSml24-t-t-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e28b754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/nSml24-t-t-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+  1.1	Test-INPUT: "Wit:--:1	Test-INPUT: "Wit:--:1	FF-Test: FF's in
+  2.2	Options -b -3 [+:--:2	Options -b -3 [+:--:2	Options -b -3 /
+  3.3	Options -a -3 [+:--:3	Options -a -3 [+:--:3	----------------
+  4.4	Options	      [+:--:4	Options	      [+:--:4 3456789 123456789
+  5.5			:--:5			:--:5	3 Columns downwa
+  6.6	----------------:--:6	----------------:--:6	FF-Arangements:
+  7.7 3456789 123456789 :--:7 3456789 123456789 :--:7	text\f\f\n; text
+  8.8	3 Columns downwa:--:8	3 Columns downwa:--:8	\f\f\n; \f\n\f\n
+  9.9	With columns use:--:9	With columns use:--:9
+ 10.10	without -f e.g.::--:10	without -f e.g.::--:10	zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
+ 11.1	with -f e.g.   ::--:1	with -f e.g.   ::--:1
+ 12.2			:--:2			:--:2
+ 13.3 line truncation be:--:3 line truncation be:--:3 line truncation be
+ 14.14 456789 123456789 :--:14 456789 123456789 :--:14 456789 123456789
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+ 15.15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX:--:15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX:--:
+ 16.16 456789 123456789 :--:16 456789 123456789 :--:
+ 17.7			:--:7			:--:
+ 18.8			:--:8			:--:
+ 19.9 3456789 ab	:--:9 3456789 ab	:--:
+ 20.20 DEFGHI 123	:--:20 DEFGHI 123	:--:
+ 21.1			:--:1			:--:
+ 22.2			:--:2			:--:
+ 23.3			:--:3			:--:
+ 24.4			:--:4			:--:
+ 25.5			:--:5			:--:
+ 26.6			:--:6			:--:
+ 27.27 no truncation bef:--:27 no truncation bef:--:
+ 28.28 no trunc		:--:28 no trunc		:--:
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+ 29.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX:--:29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX:--:15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX
+ 30.30 456789 123456789 :--:30 456789 123456789 :--:16 456789 123456789
+ 31.1			:--:1			:--:7
+ 32.2 3456789 abcdefghi :--:2 3456789 abcdefghi :--:8
+ 33.3			:--:3			:--:9 3456789 ab
+ 34.4			:--:4			:--:20 DEFGHI 123
+ 35.5			:--:5			:--:1
+ 36.6			:--:6			:--:2
+ 37.7			:--:7			:--:3
+ 38.8			:--:8			:--:4
+ 39.9 3456789 abcdefghi :--:9 3456789 abcdefghi :--:5
+ 40.40 DEFGHI 123456789 :--:40 DEFGHI 123456789 :--:6
+ 41.41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY:--:41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY:--:27 no truncation bef
+ 42.42 456789 123456789 :--:42 456789 123456789 :--:28 no trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+ 43.43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX:--:43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX:--:
+ 44.44 456789 123456789 :--:44 456789 123456789 :--:
+ 45.5			:--:5			:--:
+ 46.6			:--:6			:--:
+ 47.7			:--:7			:--:
+ 48.8			:--:8			:--:
+ 49.9			:--:9			:--:
+ 50.50			:--:50			:--:
+ 51.1			:--:1			:--:
+ 52.2			:--:2			:--:
+ 53.3			:--:3			:--:
+ 54.4			:--:4			:--:
+ 55.55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY:--:55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY:--:
+ 56.56 456789 123456789 :--:56 456789 123456789 :--:
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 57.57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX:--:57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX:--:29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX
+ 58.58 456789 123456789 :--:58 456789 123456789 :--:30 456789 123456789
+ 59.9			:--:9			:--:1
+ 60.60 DEFGHI 123456789 :--:60 DEFGHI 123456789 :--:2 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 61.1			:--:1			:--:3
+ 62.2			:--:2			:--:4
+ 63.3  ------- EOF -----:--:3  ------- EOF -----:--:5
+ 64.			:--:			:--:6
+ 65.			:--:			:--:7
+ 66.			:--:			:--:8
+ 67.			:--:			:--:9 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 68.			:--:			:--:40 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 69.			:--:			:--:41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY
+ 70.			:--:			:--:42 456789 123456789
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 71.			:--:			:--:43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX
+ 72.			:--:			:--:44 456789 123456789
+ 73.			:--:			:--:5
+ 74.			:--:			:--:6
+ 75.			:--:			:--:7
+ 76.			:--:			:--:8
+ 77.			:--:			:--:9
+ 78.			:--:			:--:50
+ 79.			:--:			:--:1
+ 80.			:--:			:--:2
+ 81.			:--:			:--:3
+ 82.			:--:			:--:4
+ 83.			:--:			:--:55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY
+ 84.			:--:			:--:56 456789 123456789
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+ 85.			:--:			:--:57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZX
+ 86.			:--:			:--:58 456789 123456789
+ 87.			:--:			:--:9
+ 88.			:--:			:--:60 DEFGHI 123456789
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/nSml24-t-tFFFF b/tests/pr/nSml24-t-tFFFF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74538ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/nSml24-t-tFFFF
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+  1.1	Test-INPUT:--:1	  Test-INPUT:--:1   FF-Test: F:--:1   FF-Test: F
+  2.2	Options -b:--:2	  Options -b:--:2   Options -b:--:2   Options -b
+  3.3	Options -a:--:3	  Options -a:--:3   ----------:--:3   ----------
+  4.4	Options	  :--:4	  Options   :--:4 3456789 1234:--:4 3456789 1234
+  5.5		  :--:5		    :--:5   3 Columns :--:5   3 Columns
+  6.6	----------:--:6	  ----------:--:6   FF-Arangem:--:6   FF-Arangem
+  7.7 3456789 1234:--:7 3456789 1234:--:7   text\f\f\n:--:7   text\f\f\n
+  8.8	3 Columns :--:8	  3 Columns :--:8   \f\f\n; \f:--:8   \f\f\n; \f
+  9.9	With colum:--:9	  With colum:--:9	      :--:9
+ 10.10	without -f:--:10  without -f:--:10  zzzzzzzzzz:--:10  zzzzzzzzzz
+ 11.1	with -f e.:--:1	  with -f e.:--:1	      :--:1
+ 12.2		  :--:2		    :--:2	      :--:2
+ 13.3 line truncat:--:3 line truncat:--:3 line truncat:--:3 line truncat
+ 14.14 456789 1234:--:14 456789 1234:--:14 456789 1234:--:14 456789 1234
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+ 15.15 xyzxyzxyz X:--:15 xyzxyzxyz X:--:	      :--:
+ 16.16 456789 1234:--:16 456789 1234:--:	      :--:
+ 17.7		  :--:7		    :--:	      :--:
+ 18.8		  :--:8		    :--:	      :--:
+ 19.9 3456789 ab  :--:9 3456789 ab  :--:	      :--:
+ 20.20 DEFGHI 123 :--:20 DEFGHI 123 :--:	      :--:
+ 21.1		  :--:1		    :--:	      :--:
+ 22.2		  :--:2		    :--:	      :--:
+ 23.3		  :--:3		    :--:	      :--:
+ 24.4		  :--:4		    :--:	      :--:
+ 25.5		  :--:5		    :--:	      :--:
+ 26.6		  :--:6		    :--:	      :--:
+ 27.27 no truncati:--:27 no truncati:--:	      :--:
+ 28.28 no trunc	  :--:28 no trunc   :--:	      :--:
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+ 29.29 xyzxyzxyz X:--:29 xyzxyzxyz X:--:15 xyzxyzxyz X:--:15 xyzxyzxyz X
+ 30.30 456789 1234:--:30 456789 1234:--:16 456789 1234:--:16 456789 1234
+ 31.1		  :--:1		    :--:7	      :--:7
+ 32.2 3456789 abcd:--:2 3456789 abcd:--:8	      :--:8
+ 33.3		  :--:3		    :--:9 3456789 ab  :--:9 3456789 ab
+ 34.4		  :--:4		    :--:20 DEFGHI 123 :--:20 DEFGHI 123
+ 35.5		  :--:5		    :--:1	      :--:1
+ 36.6		  :--:6		    :--:2	      :--:2
+ 37.7		  :--:7		    :--:3	      :--:3
+ 38.8		  :--:8		    :--:4	      :--:4
+ 39.9 3456789 abcd:--:9 3456789 abcd:--:5	      :--:5
+ 40.40 DEFGHI 1234:--:40 DEFGHI 1234:--:6	      :--:6
+ 41.41 yzxyzxyz XY:--:41 yzxyzxyz XY:--:27 no truncati:--:27 no truncati
+ 42.42 456789 1234:--:42 456789 1234:--:28 no trunc   :--:28 no trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+ 43.43 xyzxyzxyz X:--:43 xyzxyzxyz X:--:	      :--:
+ 44.44 456789 1234:--:44 456789 1234:--:	      :--:
+ 45.5		  :--:5		    :--:	      :--:
+ 46.6		  :--:6		    :--:	      :--:
+ 47.7		  :--:7		    :--:	      :--:
+ 48.8		  :--:8		    :--:	      :--:
+ 49.9		  :--:9		    :--:	      :--:
+ 50.50		  :--:50	    :--:	      :--:
+ 51.1		  :--:1		    :--:	      :--:
+ 52.2		  :--:2		    :--:	      :--:
+ 53.3		  :--:3		    :--:	      :--:
+ 54.4		  :--:4		    :--:	      :--:
+ 55.55 yzxyzxyz XY:--:55 yzxyzxyz XY:--:	      :--:
+ 56.56 456789 1234:--:56 456789 1234:--:	      :--:
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 57.57 xyzxyzxyz X:--:57 xyzxyzxyz X:--:29 xyzxyzxyz X:--:29 xyzxyzxyz X
+ 58.58 456789 1234:--:58 456789 1234:--:30 456789 1234:--:30 456789 1234
+ 59.9		  :--:9		    :--:1	      :--:1
+ 60.60 DEFGHI 1234:--:60 DEFGHI 1234:--:2 3456789 abcd:--:2 3456789 abcd
+ 61.1		  :--:1		    :--:3	      :--:3
+ 62.2		  :--:2		    :--:4	      :--:4
+ 63.3  ------- EOF:--:3	 ------- EOF:--:5	      :--:5
+ 64.		  :--:		    :--:6	      :--:6
+ 65.		  :--:		    :--:7	      :--:7
+ 66.		  :--:		    :--:8	      :--:8
+ 67.		  :--:		    :--:9 3456789 abcd:--:9 3456789 abcd
+ 68.		  :--:		    :--:40 DEFGHI 1234:--:40 DEFGHI 1234
+ 69.		  :--:		    :--:41 yzxyzxyz XY:--:41 yzxyzxyz XY
+ 70.		  :--:		    :--:42 456789 1234:--:42 456789 1234
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 71.		  :--:		    :--:43 xyzxyzxyz X:--:43 xyzxyzxyz X
+ 72.		  :--:		    :--:44 456789 1234:--:44 456789 1234
+ 73.		  :--:		    :--:5	      :--:5
+ 74.		  :--:		    :--:6	      :--:6
+ 75.		  :--:		    :--:7	      :--:7
+ 76.		  :--:		    :--:8	      :--:8
+ 77.		  :--:		    :--:9	      :--:9
+ 78.		  :--:		    :--:50	      :--:50
+ 79.		  :--:		    :--:1	      :--:1
+ 80.		  :--:		    :--:2	      :--:2
+ 81.		  :--:		    :--:3	      :--:3
+ 82.		  :--:		    :--:4	      :--:4
+ 83.		  :--:		    :--:55 yzxyzxyz XY:--:55 yzxyzxyz XY
+ 84.		  :--:		    :--:56 456789 1234:--:56 456789 1234
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+ 85.		  :--:		    :--:57 xyzxyzxyz X:--:57 xyzxyzxyz X
+ 86.		  :--:		    :--:58 456789 1234:--:58 456789 1234
+ 87.		  :--:		    :--:9	      :--:9
+ 88.		  :--:		    :--:60 DEFGHI 1234:--:60 DEFGHI 1234
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/nl24f-bl b/tests/pr/nl24f-bl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5546ad2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/nl24f-bl
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+  1.1   FF-Test: FF's in Text                      V
+  2.2   Options -n;
+  3.3   numbering lines with skiped pages;
+  4.4   numbering blanc lines (no. 5,12,13,23,28)
+  5.
+  6.6 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+  7.7   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+  8.8   
+  9.9   
+ 10.10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+ 11.1                                       12345678
+ 12.          
+ 13.
+ 14.14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+ 15.15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 16.16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 17.7                                       12345678
+ 18.8                                       12345678
+ 19.9 3456789 ab
+ 20.20 DEFGHI 123
+ 21.1                                       12345678
+ 22.
+ 23.
+ 24.4                                       12345678
+ 25.5                                       12345678
+ 26.6                                       12345678
+ 27.27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+ 28.
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+ 29.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 30.30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 31.1                                       12345678
+ 32.2 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 33.3                                       12345678
+ 34.4                                       12345678
+ 35.
+ 36.6                                       12345678
+ 37.7                                       12345678
+ 38.8                                       12345678
+ 39.9 3456789 abcdefghi
+ 40.40 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 41.41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 42.42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+ 43.43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 44.44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 45.5                                       12345678
+ 46.6                                       12345678
+ 47.7                                       12345678
+ 48.8                                       12345678
+ 49.9                                       12345678
+ 50.50                                      12345678
+ 51.1                                       12345678
+ 52.
+ 53.
+ 54.
+ 55.55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 56.56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+ 57. 
+ 58.58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 59.9                                       12345678
+ 60.60 DEFGHI 123456789
+ 61.61 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 62.62 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+ 63.63 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+ 64.64 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+ 65.5                                       12345678
+ 66.6                                       12345678
+ 67.7                                       12345678
+ 68.8                                       12345678
+ 69.9                                       12345678
+ 70.70  456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+ 71.1                                       12345678
+ 72.
+ 73.
+ 74.
+ 75.74 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+ 76.75 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/o3Jml24f-lm-lo b/tests/pr/o3Jml24f-lm-lo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0aa4a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/o3Jml24f-lm-lo
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+   1<<<	 -Test: FF's in Text			>>>	1:::  Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by Hand"	  :::
+   2<<<	 -b -3 / -a -3 / ...  >>>	2:::	Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]   :::
+   3<<<	 >>>	3:::  Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]	  :::
+   4<<<	 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678	 >>>	4:::  Options	 [+2|+3] [-l 24|17] [-f]   :::
+   	5:::  :::
+   6<<<	 -Arangements: One Empty Page  >>>	6:::	 --------------------------------------------	:::
+   7<<<	 \f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;  >>>	7:::  789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890   :::
+   8<<<	 f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;  >>>	8:::  3 Columns downwards, across, ...:	:::
+   9<<<	 >>> 	9:::  With columns use  <= 5 text lines/page,  :::
+   10<<<  >>>	10:::  without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = total lines/page,  :::
+   1<<<	 >>>	1:::  with -f e.g.	  :  -l 8 -f  :::
+   2<<<	 >>>	2:::  :::
+   3<<<	 truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:  >>>	3:::	line truncation before new page; r_r_o_l-test:	:::
+   14<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789	 >>>	14:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+   	15:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	 :::
+   	16:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	 :::
+   	7:::  12345678  :::
+   	8:::  12345678  :::
+   	9:::  3456789 ab  :::
+   	20:::  DEFGHI 123  :::
+   	21:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+   	2:::  12345678  :::
+   	3:::  12345678  :::
+   	4:::  12345678  :::
+   	5:::  12345678  :::
+   	6:::  12345678  :::
+   	27:::  no truncation before nwe page; (r_l-test):  :::
+   	28:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+   15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	>>>	29:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	 :::
+   16<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	 >>>	30:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::
+   7<<<	 >>>	1:::  12345678  :::
+   8<<<	 >>>	2:::  3456789 abcdefghi  :::
+   9<<<	 >>>	3:::  12345678  :::
+   20<<<  >>>	4:::  12345678  :::
+   1<<<	 >>>	35:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+   	6:::  12345678  :::
+   	7:::  12345678  :::
+   4<<<	 >>>	8:::  12345678  :::
+   5<<<	 >>>	9:::  3456789 abcdefghi  :::
+   6<<<	 >>>	40:::  DEFGHI 123456789  :::
+   27<<<  truncation before FF; (r_l-test):  >>>	41:::	yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   :::
+   28<<<  trunc	42:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+   	43:::  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	 :::
+   	44:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	 :::
+   	5:::  12345678  :::
+   	6:::  12345678  :::
+   	7:::  12345678  :::
+   	8:::  12345678  :::
+   	49:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+   	50:::  12345678  :::
+   	1:::  12345678  :::
+   	2:::  12345678  :::
+   	3:::  12345678  :::
+   	4:::  12345678  :::
+   	55:::  yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	 :::
+   	56:::  89 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890  :::
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+   29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	57:::	 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  :::
+   30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	 >>>	58:::  456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  :::
+   1<<<	 >>>	9:::  12345678  :::
+   2<<<	 abcdefghi  >>>	60:::  DEFGHI 123456789	 :::
+   3<<<	 >>>	1:::    :::
+   4<<<	 >>>	2:::    :::
+   5<<<	 >>>	3:::  ------- EOF -------- EOF -------- EOF ------- EOF ------- EOF ------- EOF   :::
+   6<<<	 >>>	
+   7<<<	 >>>	
+   8<<<	 >>>	
+   9<<<	 abcdefghi  >>>	
+   40<<<  123456789  >>>	
+   41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   >>>	
+   42<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI	 >>>
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+   43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	>>>	
+   44<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	 >>>	
+   5<<<	 >>>	
+   6<<<	 >>>	
+   7<<<	 >>>	
+   8<<<	 >>>	
+   9<<<	 >>>	
+   50<<<  >>>	
+   1<<<	 >>>	
+   2<<<	 >>>	
+   3<<<	 >>>	
+   4<<<	 >>>	
+   55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>	
+   56<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI	 >>>
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+   57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab	>>>	
+   58<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	 >>>	
+   9<<<	 >>>	
+   60<<<  123456789  >>>	
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/o3a3Sl24f-tn b/tests/pr/o3a3Sl24f-tn
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0064f2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/o3a3Sl24f-tn
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+   1   Test-INPUT: "With:--:2	Options -b -3 [+2:--:3	 Options -a -3 [+2
+   4   Options	     [+2:--:5			 :--:6	 -----------------
+   7 3456789 123456789 1:--:8	3 Columns downwar:--:9	 With columns use
+   10  without -f e.g.: :--:1	with -f e.g.   : :--:2
+   3 line truncation bef:--:14 456789 123456789 1:--:15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY
+   16 456789 123456789 x:--:7			 :--:8
+   9 3456789 ab		:--:20 DEFGHI 123	 :--:1
+   2			:--:3			 :--:4
+   5			:--:6			 :--:27 no truncation befo
+   28 no trunc		:--:29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY:--:30 456789 123456789 x
+   1			:--:2 3456789 abcdefghi	 :--:3
+   4			:--:5			 :--:6
+   7			:--:8			 :--:9 3456789 abcdefghi
+   40 DEFGHI 123456789	:--:41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ:--:42 456789 123456789 a
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+   43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY:--:44 456789 123456789 x:--:5
+   6			:--:7			 :--:8
+   9			:--:50			 :--:1
+   2			:--:3			 :--:4
+   55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ:--:56 456789 123456789 a:--:57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY
+   58 456789 123456789 x:--:9			 :--:60 DEFGHI 123456789
+   1			:--:2			 :--:3	------- EOF ------
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/o3a3Snl24f-tn b/tests/pr/o3a3Snl24f-tn
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a8f263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/o3a3Snl24f-tn
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+       1.1   Test-INPUT::--:	2.2   Options -b :--:	 3.3   Options -a
+       4.4   Options	:--:	5.5		 :--:	 6.6   -----------
+       7.7 3456789 12345:--:	8.8   3 Columns d:--:	 9.9   With column
+      10.10  without -f :--:   11.1   with -f e.g:--:	12.2
+      13.3 line truncati:--:   14.14 456789 12345:--:	15.15 xyzxyzxyz XY
+      16.16 456789 12345:--:   17.7		 :--:	18.8
+      19.9 3456789 ab	:--:   20.20 DEFGHI 123	 :--:	21.1
+      22.2		:--:   23.3		 :--:	24.4
+      25.5		:--:   26.6		 :--:	27.27 no truncatio
+      28.28 no trunc	:--:   29.29 xyzxyzxyz XY:--:	30.30 456789 12345
+      31.1		:--:   32.2 3456789 abcde:--:	33.3
+      34.4		:--:   35.5		 :--:	36.6
+      37.7		:--:   38.8		 :--:	39.9 3456789 abcde
+      40.40 DEFGHI 12345:--:   41.41 yzxyzxyz XYZ:--:	42.42 456789 12345
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+      43.43 xyzxyzxyz XY:--:   44.44 456789 12345:--:	45.5
+      46.6		:--:   47.7		 :--:	48.8
+      49.9		:--:   50.50		 :--:	51.1
+      52.2		:--:   53.3		 :--:	54.4
+      55.55 yzxyzxyz XYZ:--:   56.56 456789 12345:--:	57.57 xyzxyzxyz XY
+      58.58 456789 12345:--:   59.9		 :--:	60.60 DEFGHI 12345
+      61.1		:--:   62.2		 :--:	63.3  ------- EOF
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/o3a3l24f-tn b/tests/pr/o3a3l24f-tn
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9adbe67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/o3a3l24f-tn
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+   1   Test-INPUT: "Withou 2   Options -b -3 [+2|+ 3   Options -a -3 [+2|+
+   4   Options	     [+2|+ 5			   6   -------------------
+   7 3456789 123456789 123 8   3 Columns downwards 9   With columns use	 <
+   10  without -f e.g.:	 - 1   with -f e.g.   :	 - 2
+   3 line truncation befor 14 456789 123456789 123 15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+   16 456789 123456789 xyz 7			   8
+   9 3456789 ab		   20 DEFGHI 123	   1
+   2			   3			   4
+   5			   6			   27 no truncation before
+   28 no trunc		   29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  30 456789 123456789 xyz
+   1			   2 3456789 abcdefghi	   3
+   4			   5			   6
+   7			   8			   9 3456789 abcdefghi
+   40 DEFGHI 123456789	   41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 42 456789 123456789 abc
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+   43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  44 456789 123456789 xyz 5
+   6			   7			   8
+   9			   50			   1
+   2			   3			   4
+   55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 56 456789 123456789 abc 57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+   58 456789 123456789 xyz 9			   60 DEFGHI 123456789
+   1			   2			   3  ------- EOF --------
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/o3b3Sl24f-tn b/tests/pr/o3b3Sl24f-tn
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e11983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/o3b3Sl24f-tn
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+   1   Test-INPUT: "With:--:15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY:--:29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY
+   2   Options -b -3 [+2:--:16 456789 123456789 x:--:30 456789 123456789 x
+   3   Options -a -3 [+2:--:7			 :--:1
+   4   Options	     [+2:--:8			 :--:2 3456789 abcdefghi
+   5			:--:9 3456789 ab	 :--:3
+   6   -----------------:--:20 DEFGHI 123	 :--:4
+   7 3456789 123456789 1:--:1			 :--:5
+   8   3 Columns downwar:--:2			 :--:6
+   9   With columns use :--:3			 :--:7
+   10  without -f e.g.: :--:4			 :--:8
+   1   with -f e.g.   : :--:5			 :--:9 3456789 abcdefghi
+   2			:--:6			 :--:40 DEFGHI 123456789
+   3 line truncation bef:--:27 no truncation befo:--:41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+   14 456789 123456789 1:--:28 no trunc		 :--:42 456789 123456789 a
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+   43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY:--:50			 :--:57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXY
+   44 456789 123456789 x:--:1			 :--:58 456789 123456789 x
+   5			:--:2			 :--:9
+   6			:--:3			 :--:60 DEFGHI 123456789
+   7			:--:4			 :--:1
+   8			:--:55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ:--:2
+   9			:--:56 456789 123456789 a:--:3	------- EOF ------
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/o3b3Snl24f-tn b/tests/pr/o3b3Snl24f-tn
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b945fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/o3b3Snl24f-tn
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+       1.1   Test-INPUT::--:   15.15 xyzxyzxyz XY:--:	29.29 xyzxyzxyz XY
+       2.2   Options -b :--:   16.16 456789 12345:--:	30.30 456789 12345
+       3.3   Options -a :--:   17.7		 :--:	31.1
+       4.4   Options	:--:   18.8		 :--:	32.2 3456789 abcde
+       5.5		:--:   19.9 3456789 ab	 :--:	33.3
+       6.6   -----------:--:   20.20 DEFGHI 123	 :--:	34.4
+       7.7 3456789 12345:--:   21.1		 :--:	35.5
+       8.8   3 Columns d:--:   22.2		 :--:	36.6
+       9.9   With column:--:   23.3		 :--:	37.7
+      10.10  without -f :--:   24.4		 :--:	38.8
+      11.1   with -f e.g:--:   25.5		 :--:	39.9 3456789 abcde
+      12.2		:--:   26.6		 :--:	40.40 DEFGHI 12345
+      13.3 line truncati:--:   27.27 no truncatio:--:	41.41 yzxyzxyz XYZ
+      14.14 456789 12345:--:   28.28 no trunc	 :--:	42.42 456789 12345
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+      43.43 xyzxyzxyz XY:--:   50.50		 :--:	57.57 xyzxyzxyz XY
+      44.44 456789 12345:--:   51.1		 :--:	58.58 456789 12345
+      45.5		:--:   52.2		 :--:	59.9
+      46.6		:--:   53.3		 :--:	60.60 DEFGHI 12345
+      47.7		:--:   54.4		 :--:	61.1
+      48.8		:--:   55.55 yzxyzxyz XYZ:--:	62.2
+      49.9		:--:   56.56 456789 12345:--:	63.3  ------- EOF
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/o3b3l24f-tn b/tests/pr/o3b3l24f-tn
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d237bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/o3b3l24f-tn
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+   1   Test-INPUT: "Withou 15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+   2   Options -b -3 [+2|+ 16 456789 123456789 xyz 30 456789 123456789 xyz
+   3   Options -a -3 [+2|+ 7			   1
+   4   Options	     [+2|+ 8			   2 3456789 abcdefghi
+   5			   9 3456789 ab		   3
+   6   ------------------- 20 DEFGHI 123	   4
+   7 3456789 123456789 123 1			   5
+   8   3 Columns downwards 2			   6
+   9   With columns use	 < 3			   7
+   10  without -f e.g.:	 - 4			   8
+   1   with -f e.g.   :	 - 5			   9 3456789 abcdefghi
+   2			   6			   40 DEFGHI 123456789
+   3 line truncation befor 27 no truncation before 41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a
+   14 456789 123456789 123 28 no trunc		   42 456789 123456789 abc
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+   43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  50			   57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+   44 456789 123456789 xyz 1			   58 456789 123456789 xyz
+   5			   2			   9
+   6			   3			   60 DEFGHI 123456789
+   7			   4			   1
+   8			   55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 2
+   9			   56 456789 123456789 abc 3  ------- EOF --------
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/o3mSl24f-bl-tn b/tests/pr/o3mSl24f-bl-tn
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c90a2b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/o3mSl24f-bl-tn
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+   1   FF-Test: FF's in Text	     :--:1   Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by
+   2   Options -n;		     :--:2   Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8
+   3   numbering lines with skiped pa:--:3   Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8
+   4   numbering blanc lines (no. 5,1:--:4   Options	   [+2|+3] [-l 24|1
+   				     :--:5
+   6 3456789 123456789 123456789 1234:--:6   ------------------------------
+   7   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 :--:7 3456789 123456789 123456789 1234
+   8				     :--:8   3 Columns downwards, across, .
+   9				     :--:9   With columns use  <= 5 text li
+   10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz1234:--:10  without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = tota
+   1				     :--:1   with -f e.g.   :  -l 8 -f
+   				     :--:2
+   				     :--:3 line truncation before new page;
+   14 456789 123456789 123456789 1234:--:14 456789 123456789 123456789 1234
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+   				     :--:15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+   				     :--:16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZX
+   				     :--:7
+   				     :--:8
+   				     :--:9 3456789 ab
+   				     :--:20 DEFGHI 123
+   				     :--:1
+   				     :--:2
+   				     :--:3
+   				     :--:4
+   				     :--:5
+   				     :--:6
+   				     :--:27 no truncation before nwe page;
+   				     :--:28 no trunc
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+   15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   :--:29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+   16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZX:--:30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZX
+   7				     :--:1
+   8				     :--:2 3456789 abcdefghi
+   9 3456789 ab			     :--:3
+   20 DEFGHI 123		     :--:4
+   1				     :--:5
+   				     :--:6
+   				     :--:7
+   4				     :--:8
+   5				     :--:9 3456789 abcdefghi
+   6				     :--:40 DEFGHI 123456789
+   27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-t:--:41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+   				     :--:42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCD
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+   				     :--:43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+   				     :--:44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZX
+   				     :--:5
+   				     :--:6
+   				     :--:7
+   				     :--:8
+   				     :--:9
+   				     :--:50
+   				     :--:1
+   				     :--:2
+   				     :--:3
+   				     :--:4
+   				     :--:55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+   				     :--:56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCD
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+   29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   :--:57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+   30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZX:--:58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZX
+   1				     :--:9
+   2 3456789 abcdefghi		     :--:60 DEFGHI 123456789
+   3				     :--:1
+   4				     :--:2
+   				     :--:3  ------- EOF -------- EOF ------
+   6				     :--:
+   7				     :--:
+   8				     :--:
+   9 3456789 abcdefghi		     :--:
+   40 DEFGHI 123456789		     :--:
+   41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab    :--:
+   42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCD
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+   43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   :--:
+   44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZX:--:
+   5				     :--:
+   6				     :--:
+   7				     :--:
+   8				     :--:
+   9				     :--:
+   50				     :--:
+   1				     :--:
+   				     :--:
+   				     :--:
+   				     :--:
+   55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab    :--:
+   56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCD
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+   				     :--:
+   58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZX:--:
+   9				     :--:
+   60 DEFGHI 123456789		     :--:
+   61 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab    :--:
+   62 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCD:--:
+   63 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   :--:
+   64 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZX:--:
+   5				     :--:
+   6				     :--:
+   7				     :--:
+   8				     :--:
+   9				     :--:
+   70  456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABC:--:
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+   1				     :--:
+   				     :--:
+   				     :--:
+   				     :--:
+   74 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab    :--:
+   75 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCD
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/o3mSnl24fbltn b/tests/pr/o3mSnl24fbltn
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..655b56f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/o3mSnl24fbltn
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+       1.1   FF-Test: FF's in Text	:--:1	Test-INPUT: "Without FF set
+       2.2   Options -n;		:--:2	Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 1
+       3.3   numbering lines with skiped:--:3	Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 1
+       4.4   numbering blanc lines (no. :--:4	Options	      [+2|+3] [-l 2
+       5.				:--:5
+       6.6 3456789 123456789 123456789 1:--:6	---------------------------
+       7.7   3 Columns downwards ..., <=:--:7 3456789 123456789 123456789 1
+       8.8				:--:8	3 Columns downwards, across
+       9.9				:--:9	With columns use  <= 5 text
+      10.10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz1:--:10	without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = t
+      11.1				:--:1	with -f e.g.   :  -l 8 -f
+      12.				:--:2
+      13.				:--:3 line truncation before new pa
+      14.14 456789 123456789 123456789 1:--:14 456789 123456789 123456789 1
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+      15.				:--:15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+      16.				:--:16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz X
+      17.				:--:7
+      18.				:--:8
+      19.				:--:9 3456789 ab
+      20.				:--:20 DEFGHI 123
+      21.				:--:1
+      22.				:--:2
+      23.				:--:3
+      24.				:--:4
+      25.				:--:5
+      26.				:--:6
+      27.				:--:27 no truncation before nwe pag
+      28.				:--:28 no trunc
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+      29.15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab:--:29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+      30.16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz X:--:30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz X
+      31.7				:--:1
+      32.8				:--:2 3456789 abcdefghi
+      33.9 3456789 ab			:--:3
+      34.20 DEFGHI 123			:--:4
+      35.1				:--:5
+      36.				:--:6
+      37.				:--:7
+      38.4				:--:8
+      39.5				:--:9 3456789 abcdefghi
+      40.6				:--:40 DEFGHI 123456789
+      41.27 no truncation before FF; (r_:--:41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+      42.				:--:42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi A
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+      43.				:--:43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+      44.				:--:44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz X
+      45.				:--:5
+      46.				:--:6
+      47.				:--:7
+      48.				:--:8
+      49.				:--:9
+      50.				:--:50
+      51.				:--:1
+      52.				:--:2
+      53.				:--:3
+      54.				:--:4
+      55.				:--:55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+      56.				:--:56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi A
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+      57.29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab:--:57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+      58.30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz X:--:58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz X
+      59.1				:--:9
+      60.2 3456789 abcdefghi		:--:60 DEFGHI 123456789
+      61.3				:--:1
+      62.4				:--:2
+      63.				:--:3  ------- EOF -------- EOF ---
+      64.6				:--:
+      65.7				:--:
+      66.8				:--:
+      67.9 3456789 abcdefghi		:--:
+      68.40 DEFGHI 123456789		:--:
+      69.41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab :--:
+      70.42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi A
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+      71.43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab:--:
+      72.44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz X:--:
+      73.5				:--:
+      74.6				:--:
+      75.7				:--:
+      76.8				:--:
+      77.9				:--:
+      78.50				:--:
+      79.1				:--:
+      80.				:--:
+      81.				:--:
+      82.				:--:
+      83.55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab :--:
+      84.56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi A
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+      85.				:--:
+      86.58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz X:--:
+      87.9				:--:
+      88.60 DEFGHI 123456789		:--:
+      89.61 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab :--:
+      90.62 456789 123456789 abcdefghi A:--:
+      91.63 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab:--:
+      92.64 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz X:--:
+      93.5				:--:
+      94.6				:--:
+      95.7				:--:
+      96.8				:--:
+      97.9				:--:
+      98.70  456789 123456789 abcdefghi :--:
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+      99.1				:--:
+     100.				:--:
+     101.				:--:
+     102.				:--:
+     103.74 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab :--:
+     104.75 456789 123456789 abcdefghi A
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/o3ml24f-bl-tn b/tests/pr/o3ml24f-bl-tn
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5109be0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/o3ml24f-bl-tn
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+   1   FF-Test: FF's in Text	       1   Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by
+   2   Options -n;		       2   Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8]
+   3   numbering lines with skiped pag 3   Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8]
+   4   numbering blanc lines (no. 5,12 4   Options	 [+2|+3] [-l 24|17
+   				       5
+   6 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345 6   -------------------------------
+   7   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 l 7 3456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+   8				       8   3 Columns downwards, across, ..
+   9				       9   With columns use  <= 5 text lin
+   10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz12345 10  without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = total
+   1				       1   with -f e.g.	  :  -l 8 -f
+   				       2
+   				       3 line truncation before new page;
+   14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345 14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+   				       15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+   				       16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+   				       7
+   				       8
+   				       9 3456789 ab
+   				       20 DEFGHI 123
+   				       1
+   				       2
+   				       3
+   				       4
+   				       5
+   				       6
+   				       27 no truncation before nwe page; (
+   				       28 no trunc
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+   15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab     29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+   16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+   7				       1
+   8				       2 3456789 abcdefghi
+   9 3456789 ab			       3
+   20 DEFGHI 123		       4
+   1				       5
+   				       6
+   				       7
+   4				       8
+   5				       9 3456789 abcdefghi
+   6				       40 DEFGHI 123456789
+   27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-te 41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+   				       42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+   				       43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+   				       44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+   				       5
+   				       6
+   				       7
+   				       8
+   				       9
+   				       50
+   				       1
+   				       2
+   				       3
+   				       4
+   				       55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+   				       56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+   29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab     57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+   30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY
+   1				       9
+   2 3456789 abcdefghi		       60 DEFGHI 123456789
+   3				       1
+   4				       2
+   				       3  ------- EOF -------- EOF -------
+   6				       
+   7				       
+   8				       
+   9 3456789 abcdefghi		       
+   40 DEFGHI 123456789		       
+   41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab      
+   42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+   43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab     
+   44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 
+   5				       
+   6				       
+   7				       
+   8				       
+   9				       
+   50				       
+   1				       
+   				       
+   				       
+   				       
+   55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab      
+   56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+   				       
+   58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 
+   9				       
+   60 DEFGHI 123456789		       
+   61 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab      
+   62 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE 
+   63 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab     
+   64 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXY 
+   5				       
+   6				       
+   7				       
+   8				       
+   9				       
+   70  456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCD 
+   
+
+   -- Date/Time --                        x                         Page 10
+
+
+   1				       
+   				       
+   				       
+   				       
+   74 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab      
+   75 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDE
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/pr-tests.pl b/tests/pr/pr-tests.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7ac6d4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/pr-tests.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test pr.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $prog = 'pr';
+my $normalize_strerror = "s/': .*/'/";
+
+my @tv = (
+
+# -b option is no longer an official option. But it's still working to
+# get a downward compatibility. Now (version 1.19m or newer) -COLUMN
+# only is equivalent to -b -COLUMN.
+#
+# test_name options input-file-name(s) expected-output-group-file-name
+#                                                         expected-return-code
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Following tests with "FF set" don't contain a complete set of all
+# combinations of options and FF-arrangements
+#
+# One FF at start of file (one empty page)
+# ['1a', '', [\'0Ft'], [\'0F'], 0],
+['1b', '', [\'0Fnt'], [\'0F'], 0],
+['1c', '+3', [\'0Ft'], [\'3-0F'], 0],
+['1d', '+3 -f', [\'0Ft'], [\'3f-0F'], 0],
+['1e', '-a -3', [\'0Ft'], [\'a3-0F'], 0],
+['1f', '-a -3 -f', [\'0Ft'], [\'a3f-0F'], 0],
+['1g', '-a -3 -f', [\'0Fnt'], [\'a3f-0F'], 0],
+['1h', '+3 -a -3 -f', [\'0Ft'], [\'3a3f-0F'], 0],
+['1i', '-b -3', [\'0Ft'], [\'b3-0F'], 0],
+['1j', '-b -3 -f', [\'0Ft'], [\'b3f-0F'], 0],
+['1k', '-b -3 -f', [\'0Fnt'], [\'b3f-0F'], 0],
+['1l', '+3 -b -3 -f', [\'0Ft'], [\'3b3f-0F'], 0],
+# Two FF at start of file (two empty page)
+['2a', '', [\'0FFt'], [\'0FF'], 0],
+['2b', '', [\'0FnFnt'], [\'0FF'], 0],
+['2c', '-a -3 -f', [\'0FFt'], [\'a3f-0FF'], 0],
+['2d', '-a -3 -f', [\'0FFnt'], [\'a3f-0FF'], 0],
+['2e', '-b -3 -f', [\'0FFt'], [\'b3f-0FF'], 0],
+['2f', '-b -3 -f', [\'0FFnt'], [\'b3f-0FF'], 0],
+['2g', '-b -3 -f', [\'0FnFt'], [\'b3f-0FF'], 0],
+['2h', '-b -3 -f', [\'0FnFnt'], [\'b3f-0FF'], 0],
+['2i', '+3 -b -3 -f', [\'0FFt'], [\'3b3f-0FF'], 0],
+['2j', '+3 -b -3 -f', [\'0FFnt'], [\'3b3f-0FF'], 0],
+#
+# FFs in text (none / one / two empty page(s))
+['3a', '', [\'FFn'], [\'FF'], 0],
+['3b', '', [\'FnFn'], [\'FF'], 0],
+['3c', '+3', [\'FFn'], [\'3-FF'], 0],
+['3d', '+3 -f', [\'FFn'], [\'3f-FF'], 0],
+['3e', '-a -3 -f', [\'FFn'], [\'a3f-FF'], 0],
+['3f', '-a -3 -f', [\'FFtn'], [\'a3f-FF'], 0],
+['3g', '-b -3 -f', [\'FFn'], [\'b3f-FF'], 0],
+['3h', '-b -3 -f', [\'FFtn'], [\'b3f-FF'], 0],
+['3i', '-b -3 -f', [\'FnFn'], [\'b3f-FF'], 0],
+['3j', '-b -3 -f', [\'tFFn'], [\'b3f-FF'], 0],
+['3k', '-b -3 -f', [\'tFnFt'], [\'b3f-FF'], 0],
+['3l', '+3 -b -3 -f', [\'FFn'], [\'3b3f-FF'], 0],
+['3m', '+3 -b -3 -f', [\'FFtn'], [\'3b3f-FF'], 0],
+# A full page printed (lines_left_on_page = 0) without a FF found.
+# Avoid an extra empty page if a FF follows in the next input line.
+['3la', '-l 24', [\'FFn'], [\'l24-FF'], 0],
+['3lb', '-l 24', [\'FFtn'], [\'l24-FF'], 0],
+['3lc', '-l 24', [\'FnFn'], [\'l24-FF'], 0],
+['3ld', '-l 24', [\'tFFn'], [\'l24-FF'], 0],
+['3le', '-l 24', [\'tFnFt'], [\'l24-FF'], 0],
+['3lf', '-l 24', [\'tFFt'], [\'l24-FF'], 0],
+['3aa', '-a -2 -l 17', [\'FFn'], [\'a2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3ab', '-a -2 -l 17', [\'FFtn'], [\'a2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3ac', '-a -2 -l 17', [\'FnFn'], [\'a2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3ad', '-a -2 -l 17', [\'tFFn'], [\'a2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3ae', '-a -2 -l 17', [\'tFnFt'], [\'a2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3af', '-a -2 -l 17', [\'tFFt'], [\'a2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3ag', '-a -2 -l 15', [\'FFn'], [\'a2l15-FF'], 0],
+['3ah', '-a -2 -l 15', [\'FFtn'], [\'a2l15-FF'], 0],
+['3ai', '-a -2 -l 15', [\'FnFn'], [\'a2l15-FF'], 0],
+['3aj', '-a -2 -l 15', [\'tFFn'], [\'a2l15-FF'], 0],
+['3ak', '-a -2 -l 15', [\'tFnFt'], [\'a2l15-FF'], 0],
+['3ba', '-b -2 -l 17', [\'FFn'], [\'b2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3bb', '-b -2 -l 17', [\'FFtn'], [\'b2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3bc', '-b -2 -l 17', [\'FnFn'], [\'b2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3bd', '-b -2 -l 17', [\'tFFn'], [\'b2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3be', '-b -2 -l 17', [\'tFnFt'], [\'b2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3bf', '-b -2 -l 17', [\'tFFt'], [\'b2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3bg', '-b -2 -l 15', [\'FFn'], [\'b2l15-FF'], 0],
+['3bh', '-b -2 -l 15', [\'FFtn'], [\'b2l15-FF'], 0],
+['3bi', '-b -2 -l 15', [\'FnFn'], [\'b2l15-FF'], 0],
+['3bj', '-b -2 -l 15', [\'tFFn'], [\'b2l15-FF'], 0],
+['3bk', '-b -2 -l 15', [\'tFnFt'], [\'b2l15-FF'], 0],
+['3Pa', '+4 -l 24', [\'FFn'], [\'4l24-FF'], 0],
+['3Pb', '+4 -l 24', [\'FFtn'], [\'4l24-FF'], 0],
+['3Pc', '+4 -l 24', [\'FnFn'], [\'4l24-FF'], 0],
+['3Pd', '+4 -l 24', [\'tFFn'], [\'4l24-FF'], 0],
+['3Pe', '+4 -l 24', [\'tFnFt'], [\'4l24-FF'], 0],
+['3Pf', '+4 -l 24', [\'tFFt'], [\'4l24-FF'], 0],
+['3Pg', '+4:7 -l 24', [\'tFFt'], [\'4-7l24-FF'], 0],
+['3Paa', '+3 -a -2 -l 17', [\'FFn'], [\'3a2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3Pab', '+3 -a -2 -l 17', [\'FFtn'], [\'3a2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3Pac', '+3 -a -2 -l 17', [\'FnFn'], [\'3a2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3Pad', '+3 -a -2 -l 17', [\'tFFn'], [\'3a2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3Pae', '+3 -a -2 -l 17', [\'tFnFt'], [\'3a2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3Paf', '+3 -a -2 -l 17', [\'tFFt'], [\'3a2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3Pba', '+3 -b -2 -l 17', [\'FFn'], [\'3b2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3Pbb', '+3 -b -2 -l 17', [\'FFtn'], [\'3b2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3Pbc', '+3 -b -2 -l 17', [\'FnFn'], [\'3b2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3Pbd', '+3 -b -2 -l 17', [\'tFFn'], [\'3b2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3Pbe', '+3 -b -2 -l 17', [\'tFnFt'], [\'3b2l17-FF'], 0],
+['3Pbf', '+3 -b -2 -l 17', [\'tFFt'], [\'3b2l17-FF'], 0],
+#
+# Without "FF set by hand"
+['4a', '-l 24', [\'tn'], [\'l24-t'], 0],
+['4b', '-l 24 -f', [\'tn'], [\'l24f-t'], 0],
+['4c', '+3 -l 24', [\'tn'], [\'3l24-t'], 0],
+['4d', '+3 -l 24 -f', [\'tn'], [\'3l24f-t'], 0],
+['4e', '+3:5 -l 24 -f', [\'tn'], [\'3-5l24f-t'], 0],
+['4f', '-a -3 -l 15', [\'tn'], [\'a3l15-t'], 0],
+['4g', '-a -3 -l 15 -f', [\'tn'], [\'a3l15f-t'], 0],
+['4h', '+3 -a -3 -l 15', [\'tn'], [\'3a3l15-t'], 0],
+['4i', '+3 -a -3 -l 15 -f', [\'tn'], [\'3a3l15f-t'], 0],
+['4j', '-b -3 -l 15', [\'tn'], [\'b3l15-t'], 0],
+['4k', '-b -3 -l 15 -f', [\'tn'], [\'b3l15f-t'], 0],
+['4l', '+3 -b -3 -l 15', [\'tn'], [\'3b3l15-t'], 0],
+['4m', '+3 -b -3 -l 15 -f', [\'tn'], [\'3b3l15f-t'], 0],
+#
+# Merge input files (-m option)
+['5a', '-m -l 24', [\'tn', \'tn'], [\'ml24-t'], 0],
+['5b', '-m -l 24 -f', [\'tn', \'tn'], [\'ml24f-t'], 0],
+['5c', '+3 -m -l 24', [\'tn', \'tn'], [\'3ml24-t'], 0],
+['5d', '+3 -m -l 24 -f', [\'tn', \'tn'], [\'3ml24f-t'], 0],
+['5e', '-m -l 24 -f', [\'0Ft', \'0Ft'], [\'ml24f-0F'], 0],
+['5f', '-m -l 24 -f', [\'0Ft', \'0Fnt'], [\'ml24f-0F'], 0],
+['5g', '-m -l 24 -f', [\'tn', \'0Ft'], [\'ml24f-t-0F'], 0],
+# A full page printed (lines_left_on_page = 0) without a FF found.
+# Avoid an extra empty page if a FF follows in the next input line.
+['5ma', '-m -l 24', [\'tFFn', \'tFnFt'], [\'ml24-FF'], 0],
+['5mb', '-m -l 24', [\'tFFn', \'FFn'], [\'ml24-FF'], 0],
+['5mc', '-m -l 24', [\'tn', \'FFn'], [\'ml24-t-FF'], 0],
+['5md', '-m -l 20', [\'FFn', \'tn'], [\'ml20-FF-t'], 0],
+['5Pma', '+3 -m -l 24', [\'FFn', \'FnFn'], [\'3ml24-FF'], 0],
+['5Pmb', '+3 -m -l 24', [\'tFFn', \'FFn'], [\'3ml24-FF'], 0],
+['5Pmc', '+3 -m -l 24', [\'tn', \'FFn'], [\'3ml24-t-FF'], 0],
+#
+# Do not print header and footer but retain "FF set by Hand"
+# (-t option)
+['6a', '-t -l 24', [\'tn'], [\'t-t'], 0],
+['6b', '-t -l 24 -f', [\'tn'], [\'t-t'], 0],
+['6c', '-t -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-bl'], [\'t-bl'], 0],
+['6d', '-t -l 24', [\'0FnFnt'], [\'t-0FF'], 0],
+['6e', '-t -l 24', [\'FFn'], [\'t-FF'], 0],
+['6f', '-t -l 24', [\'FnFn'], [\'t-FF'], 0],
+['6g', '-t -l 24 -f', [\'FFn'], [\'t-FF'], 0],
+['6aa', '-t -a -3', [\'0FnFnt'], [\'ta3-0FF'], 0],
+['6ab', '-t -a -3', [\'FFn'], [\'ta3-FF'], 0],
+['6ac', '-t -a -3 -l 24', [\'FnFn'], [\'ta3-FF'], 0],
+['6ba', '-t -b -3', [\'0FnFnt'], [\'tb3-0FF'], 0],
+['6bb', '-t -b -3', [\'FFn'], [\'tb3-FF'], 0],
+['6bc', '-t -b -3 -l 24', [\'FnFn'], [\'tb3-FF'], 0],
+#
+# Do not print header and footer nor "FF set by Hand" (-T option)
+['7a', '-T -l 24', [\'tn'], [\'tt-t'], 0],
+['7b', '-T -l 24 -f', [\'tn'], [\'tt-t'], 0],
+['7c', '-T -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-bl'], [\'tt-bl'], 0],
+['7d', '-T -l 24', [\'0FnFnt'], [\'tt-0FF'], 0],
+['7e', '-T -l 24', [\'FFn'], [\'tt-FF'], 0],
+['7f', '-T -l 24', [\'FnFn'], [\'tt-FF'], 0],
+['7g', '-T -l 24 -f', [\'FFn'], [\'tt-FF'], 0],
+['7aa', '-T -a -3', [\'0FnFnt'], [\'tta3-0FF'], 0],
+['7ab', '-T -a -3', [\'FFn'], [\'tta3-FF'], 0],
+['7ac', '-T -a -3 -l 24', [\'FnFn'], [\'tta3-FF'], 0],
+['7ba', '-T -b -3', [\'0FnFnt'], [\'ttb3-0FF'], 0],
+['7bb', '-T -b -3', [\'FFn'], [\'ttb3-FF'], 0],
+['7bc', '-T -b -3 -l 24', [\'FnFn'], [\'ttb3-FF'], 0],
+#
+# lhs-truncation of header
+# pr-1.19m: Text line truncation only with column output
+#
+# numbering lines (-n  -N option)
+# skip pages (+FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE] option)
+['9a', '-n.3 -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-bl'], [\'nl24f-bl'], 0],
+['9b', '-n.3 -N 15 -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-bl'], [\'nN15l24f-bl'], 0],
+['9Pa', '-n.3 +2 -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-bl'], [\'n+2l24f-bl'], 0],
+['9Pb', '-n.3 +3 -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-bl'], [\'n+3l24f-bl'], 0],
+['9Pc', '-n.3 -N 1 +3 -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-bl'], [\'nN1+3l24f-bl'], 0],
+['9Pe', '-n.3 +2 -l 24 -f', [\'0FFt'], [\'n+2l24f-0FF'], 0],
+['9Pf', '-n.3 +2 -l 24 -f', [\'0FFnt'], [\'n+2l24f-0FF'], 0],
+['9Pg', '-n.3 +2 -l 24 -f', [\'0FnFt'], [\'n+2l24f-0FF'], 0],
+['9Ph', '-n.3 +2 -l 24 -f', [\'0FnFnt'], [\'n+2l24f-0FF'], 0],
+['9Pi', '-n.3 +2:5 -l 24 -f', [\'0FFt'], [\'n+2-5l24f-0FF'], 0],
+['9Pj', '-n.3 +3 -l 24 -f', [\'0FFt'], [\'n+3l24f-0FF'], 0],
+['9Pk', '-n.3 +3 -l 24 -f', [\'0FFnt'], [\'n+3l24f-0FF'], 0],
+['9Pl', '-n.3 +3 -l 24 -f', [\'0FnFt'], [\'n+3l24f-0FF'], 0],
+['9Pm', '-n.3 +3 -l 24 -f', [\'0FnFnt'], [\'n+3l24f-0FF'], 0],
+['9Pn', '-n.3 +7 -l 24', [\'FFn'], [\'n+7l24-FF'], 0],
+['9Po', '-n.3 +7 -l 24', [\'FFtn'], [\'n+7l24-FF'], 0],
+['9Pp', '-n.3 +7 -l 24', [\'FnFn'], [\'n+7l24-FF'], 0],
+['9Pq', '-n.3 +3:7 -l 24', [\'FnFn'], [\'n+3-7l24-FF'], 0],
+['9Pr', '-n.3 +8 -l 20', [\'tFFn'], [\'n+8l20-FF'], 0],
+['9Ps', '-n.3 +8 -l 20', [\'tFnFt'], [\'n+8l20-FF'], 0],
+['9Pt', '-n.3 +8 -l 20', [\'tFFt'], [\'n+8l20-FF'], 0],
+['9Paa', '-n.3 +5 -a -3 -l 13 -f', [\'0FFt'], [\'n+5a3l13f-0FF'], 0],
+['9Pab', '-n.3 +5 -a -3 -l 13 -f', [\'0FFnt'], [\'n+5a3l13f-0FF'], 0],
+['9Pac', '-n.3 +5 -a -3 -l 13 -f', [\'0FnFt'], [\'n+5a3l13f-0FF'], 0],
+['9Pad', '-n.3 +5 -a -3 -l 13 -f', [\'0FnFnt'], [\'n+5a3l13f-0FF'], 0],
+['9Pae', '-n.3 +6 -a -2 -l 17', [\'FFn'], [\'n+6a2l17-FF'], 0],
+['9Paf', '-n.3 +6 -a -2 -l 17', [\'FFtn'], [\'n+6a2l17-FF'], 0],
+['9Pag', '-n.3 +6 -a -2 -l 17', [\'FnFn'], [\'n+6a2l17-FF'], 0],
+['9Pah', '-n.3 +6 -a -2 -l 17', [\'tFFn'], [\'n+6a2l17-FF'], 0],
+['9Pai', '-n.3 +6 -a -2 -l 17', [\'tFnFt'], [\'n+6a2l17-FF'], 0],
+['9Paj', '-n.3 +6 -a -2 -l 17', [\'tFFt'], [\'n+6a2l17-FF'], 0],
+['9Pak', '-n.3 +4:8 -a -2 -l 17', [\'tFFt'], [\'n+4-8a2l17-FF'], 0],
+['9Pba', '-n.3 +4 -b -2 -l 17 -f', [\'0FFt'], [\'n+4b2l17f-0FF'], 0],
+['9Pbb', '-n.3 +4 -b -2 -l 17 -f', [\'0FFnt'], [\'n+4b2l17f-0FF'], 0],
+['9Pbc', '-n.3 +4 -b -2 -l 17 -f', [\'0FnFt'], [\'n+4b2l17f-0FF'], 0],
+['9Pbd', '-n.3 +4 -b -2 -l 17 -f', [\'0FnFnt'], [\'n+4b2l17f-0FF'], 0],
+['9Pbe', '-n.3 +6 -b -3 -l 13 -f', [\'FFn'], [\'n+6b3l13f-FF'], 0],
+['9Pbf', '-n.3 +6 -b -3 -l 13 -f', [\'FFtn'], [\'n+6b3l13f-FF'], 0],
+['9Pbg', '-n.3 +6 -b -3 -l 13 -f', [\'FnFn'], [\'n+6b3l13f-FF'], 0],
+['9Pbh', '-n.3 +6 -b -3 -l 13 -f', [\'tFFn'], [\'n+6b3l13f-FF'], 0],
+['9Pbi', '-n.3 +6 -b -3 -l 13 -f', [\'tFnFt'], [\'n+6b3l13f-FF'], 0],
+['9Pbj', '-n.3 +6 -b -3 -l 13 -f', [\'tFFt'], [\'n+6b3l13f-FF'], 0],
+['9Pbk', '-n.3 +5:8 -b -3 -l 17 -f', [\'FnFn'], [\'n+5-8b3l17f-FF'], 0],
+['9Pma', '-n.3 +3 -m -l 20 -f', [\'tFFt-bl', \'FnFn'], [\'n+3ml20f-bl-FF'], 0],
+['9Pmb', '-n.3 +3 -m -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-bl', \'tn'], [\'n+3ml24f-bl-tn'], 0],
+['9Pmc', '-n.3 +3 -m -l 24 -f', [\'tn', \'tFFt-bl'], [\'n+3ml24f-tn-bl'], 0],
+#
+# line truncation  column alignment; header line truncation
+# -w/W PAGE_WIDTH [-J] options
+['10wa', '-W 72 -J -l24 -f', [\'tFFt-ll'], [\'W72Jl24f-ll'], 0],
+['10wb', '-w 72 -J -l24 -f', [\'tFFt-ll'], [\'W72Jl24f-ll'], 0],
+['10wc', '-W 72 -l24 -f', [\'tFFt-ll'], [\'W-72l24f-ll'], 0],
+['10wd', '-w 72 -l24 -f', [\'tFFt-ll'], [\'w72l24f-ll'], 0],
+['10we', '-W 28 -l24 -f', [\'tFFt-ll'], [\'W28l24f-ll'], 0],
+['10wf', '-W 27 -l24 -f', [\'tFFt-ll'], [\'W27l24f-ll'], 0],
+['10wg', '-W 26 -l24 -f', [\'tFFt-ll'], [\'W26l24f-ll'], 0],
+['10wh', '-W 20 -l24 -f', [\'tFFt-ll'], [\'W20l24f-ll'], 0],
+['10ma', '-m -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-lm', \'loli'], [\'ml24f-lm-lo'], 0],
+['10mb', '-W 35 -m -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-lm', \'loli'], [\'W35ml24f-lm-lo'], 0],
+['10mc', '-w 35 -m -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-lm', \'loli'], [\'W35ml24f-lm-lo'], 0],
+['10md', '-J -m -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-lm', \'loli'], [\'Jml24f-lm-lo'], 0],
+['10me', '-W 35 -J -m -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-lm', \'loli'], [\'W35Jml24f-lmlo'], 0],
+['10mf', '-w 35 -J -m -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-lm', \'loli'], [\'W35Jml24f-lmlo'], 0],
+['10mg', '-n.3 -J -m -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-lm', \'tFFt-lm', \'loli'],
+ [\'nJml24f-lmlmlo'], 0],
+['10mh', '-n.3 -J -m -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-lm', \'loli', \'tFFt-lm'],
+ [\'nJml24f-lmlolm'], 0],
+['10aa', '-a -3 -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-lm'], [\'a3l24f-lm'], 0],
+['10ab', '-W 35 -a -3 -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-lm'], [\'W35a3l24f-lm'], 0],
+['10ac', '-J -a -3 -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-lm'], [\'Ja3l24f-lm'], 0],
+['10ad', '-W 35 -J -a -3 -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-lm'], [\'W35Ja3l24f-lm'], 0],
+['10ba', '-b -3 -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-lm'], [\'b3l24f-lm'], 0],
+['10bb', '-W 35 -b -3 -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-lm'], [\'W35b3l24f-lm'], 0],
+['10bc', '-J -b -3 -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-lm'], [\'Jb3l24f-lm'], 0],
+['10bd', '-W 35 -J -b -3 -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-lm'], [\'W35Jb3l24f-lm'], 0],
+#
+# merge files (-m option)  use separator string (-S option)
+['11sa', '-n.3 -S:--: -m -l 20 -f', [\'tFFt-bl', \'FnFn'],
+ [\'nSml20-bl-FF'], 0],
+['11sb', '-n.3 -S:--: -m -l 24 -f', [\'tFFt-bl', \'FnFn'],
+ [\'nSml24-bl-FF'], 0],
+['11se', '-n.3 -S:--: -m -l 20 -f', [\'tn', \'tn', \'FnFn'],
+ [\'nSml20-t-t-FF'], 0],
+['11sf', '-n.3 -S:--: -m -l 24 -f', [\'tn', \'tn', \'FnFn'],
+ [\'nSml24-t-t-FF'], 0],
+['11sg', '-n.3 -S:--: -m -l 20 -f', [\'tn', \'tn', \'FnFn', \'FnFn'],
+ [\'nSml20-t-tFFFF'], 0],
+['11sh', '-n.3 -S:--: -m -l 24 -f', [\'tn', \'tn', \'FnFn', \'FnFn'],
+ [\'nSml24-t-tFFFF'], 0],
+#
+# left margin (-o option) and separator string (-S option)
+['12aa', '-o3 -a -3 -l24 -f', [\'tn'], [\'o3a3l24f-tn'], 0],
+['12ab', '-o3 -a -3 -S:--: -l24 -f', [\'tn'], [\'o3a3Sl24f-tn'], 0],
+['12ac', '-o3 -a -3 -S:--: -n. -l24 -f', [\'tn'], [\'o3a3Snl24f-tn'], 0],
+['12ba', '-o3 -b -3 -l24 -f', [\'tn'], [\'o3b3l24f-tn'], 0],
+['12bb', '-o3 -b -3 -S:--: -l24 -f', [\'tn'], [\'o3b3Sl24f-tn'], 0],
+['12bc', '-o3 -b -3 -S:--: -n. -l24 -f', [\'tn'], [\'o3b3Snl24f-tn'], 0],
+['12ma', '-o3 -m -l24 -f', [\'tFFt-bl', \'tn'], [\'o3ml24f-bl-tn'], 0],
+['12mb', '-o3 -m -S:--: -l24 -f', [\'tFFt-bl', \'tn'], [\'o3mSl24f-bl-tn'], 0],
+['12mc', '-o3 -m -S:--: -n. -l24 -f', [\'tFFt-bl', \'tn'],
+ [\'o3mSnl24fbltn'], 0],
+['12md', '-o3 -J -m -l24 -f', [\'tFFt-lm', \'loli'], [\'o3Jml24f-lm-lo'], 0],
+#
+#
+# Single column output: POSIX compliant, adapt other UNIXes (SunOS.5.5.1 e.g.)
+# number-separator TAB always an output TAB --> varying number/text-spacing
+['13a', '-t -n -e8', [\'t_tab'], [\'tne8-t_tab'], 0],
+['13b', '-t -n -e8 -o3', [\'t_tab'], [\'tne8o3-t_tab'], 0],
+#
+# POSIX compliant: multi-columns of equal width (unlike SunOS.5.5.1 e.g.)
+# text-tab handling
+['13ba', '-t -n -2 -e8', [\'t_tab'], [\'tn2e8-t_tab'], 0],
+['13bb', '-t -n: -2 -e8', [\'t_tab'], [\'tn_2e8-t_tab'], 0],
+['13bc', '-t -n: -2 -e8 -S----', [\'t_tab'], [\'tn_2e8S-t_tab'], 0],
+['13bd', '-t -n -2 -e8 -o3', [\'t_tab'], [\'tn2e8o3-t_tab'], 0],
+# number-separator TAB not treated as input text-tab, no '-e' expansion
+['13be', '-t -n -2 -e5 -o3', [\'t_tab'], [\'tn2e5o3-t_tab'], 0],
+# input-tab-char ':' not equal default (text) TABs
+['13bf', '-t -n -2 -e:8', [\'t_tab_'], [\'tn2e8-t_tab'], 0],
+#
+# options -w/-s: POSIX-compliant, means adapting the interference of -w/-s
+# with multi-column output from other UNIXes (SunOS e.g.);
+# columns, truncated = 72   /  separator = space :
+['14a', '-2 -f', [\'t_notab'], [\'2f-t_notab'], 0],
+# full lines, no truncation /  separator = TAB :
+['14b', '-2 -s -f', [\'t_notab'], [\'2sf-t_notab'], 0],
+# full lines, no truncation /  separator = ':' :
+['14c', '-2 -s: -f', [\'t_notab'], [\'2s_f-t_notab'], 0],
+# columns, truncated = 60   /  separator = space :
+['14d', '-2 -w60 -f', [\'t_notab'], [\'2w60f-t_notab'], 0],
+# columns, truncated = 60   /  no separator   (SunOS-BUG: line width to small):
+['14e', '-2 -s -w60 -f', [\'t_notab'], [\'2sw60f-t_notab'], 0],
+# columns, truncated = 60   /  separator = ':'  (HP-UX.10.20-2-BUG:
+# ':' missing with -m option):
+['14f', '-2 -s: -w60 -f', [\'t_notab'], [\'2s_w60f-t_nota'], 0],
+#
+# new long-options -W/-S/-J disentangle those options (see also No.'10*')
+# columns, truncated = 72   /  no separator :
+['14g', '-2 -S -f', [\'t_notab'], [\'2-Sf-t_notab'], 0],
+# full lines, no truncation /  separator = TAB :  (Input: -S"<TAB>")
+['14h', '-2 -S"	" -J -f', [\'t_notab'], [\'2sf-t_notab'], 0],
+# columns, truncated = 72   /  separator ':' :
+['14i', '-2 -S: -f', [\'t_notab'], [\'2-S_f-t_notab'], 0],
+# full lines, no truncation /  separator = ':' :
+['14j', '-2 -S: -J -f', [\'t_notab'], [\'2s_f-t_notab'], 0],
+# columns, truncated = 60   /  separator = space:
+['14k', '-2 -W60 -f', [\'t_notab'], [\'2w60f-t_notab'], 0],
+# columns, truncated = 60   /  no separator :
+['14l', '-2 -S -W60 -f', [\'t_notab'], [\'2sw60f-t_notab'], 0],
+# columns, truncated = 60   /  separator = ':' :
+['14m', '-2 -S: -W60 -f', [\'t_notab'], [\'2s_w60f-t_nota'], 0],
+#
+# Tabify multiple spaces, -i option
+# number of input spaces between a and b must not change; be careful
+# comparing with other UNIXes (some other SunOS examples are OK !?)
+# SunOS.5.5.1-BUG: 8 input spaces --> 11 output spaces between a and b;
+['i-opt-a', '-tn -i5 -h ""', "a        b\n", "    1	a	    b\n", 0],
+# SunOS.5.5.1-BUG: 8 input spaces -->  9 output spaces between a and b;
+['i-opt-b', '-tn -i5 -o9 -h ""', "a        b\n",
+ "		   1	a	    b\n", 0],
+#
+# line number overflow not allowed: cut off leading digits;
+# don't adapt other UNIXes, no real standard to follow, a consequent
+# programming of column handling may change the GNU pr concept.
+['ncut-a', '-tn2 -N98', "y\ny\ny\ny\ny\n",
+ "98	y\n99	y\n00	y\n01	y\n02	y\n", 0],
+['ncut-b', '-tn:2 -N98', "y\ny\ny\ny\ny\n",
+ "98:y\n99:y\n00:y\n01:y\n02:y\n", 0],
+
+['margin-0', '-o 0', '', '', 0],
+
+# BUG fixed: that leading space on 3rd line of output should not be there
+['dbl-sp-a', '-d -l 14 -h ""', "1\n2\n",
+ "\n\n-- Date/Time --                                                   "
+ . "Page 1\n\n\n1\n\n2\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", 0],
+# This test failed with 1.22e and earlier.
+['dbl-sp-b', '-d -t', "1\n2\n", "1\n\n2\n\n", 0],
+
+# This test would segfault with 2.0f and earlier.
+['narrow-1', '-W1 -t', "12345\n", "1\n", 0],
+
+# This test would fail with textutils-2.1 and earlier.
+['col-last', '-W3 -t2', "a\nb\nc\n", "a c\nb\n", 0],
+
+# Make sure that -02 is treated just like -2.
+['col-02', '-W3 -t -02',                "a\nb\nc\n", "a c\nb\n", 0],
+# The -2 must override preceding column-count-specifying options.
+['col-2', '-W3 -t -4 --columns=1 -2', "a\nb\nc\n", "a c\nb\n", 0],
+# The --columns=2 must override preceding column-count-specifying options.
+['col-long', '-W3 -t -1 --columns=2',     "a\nb\nc\n", "a c\nb\n", 0],
+# Make sure these fail.
+['col-0', '-0', '', '', 1,
+ "$prog: invalid number of columns: '0'\n", $normalize_strerror],
+['col-inval', '-'.'9'x100, '', '', 1,
+ "$prog: invalid number of columns: '". ('9'x100) ."'\n", $normalize_strerror],
+
+# Before coreutils-5.3.1, --pages=1:-1 would be treated like
+# --pages=1:18446744073709551615.
+['neg-page', '--pages=1:-1', '', '', 1,
+ "$prog: invalid --pages argument '1:-1'\n"],
+
+# Up to coreutils-6.10, this would cause pr to decrement its
+# internal "input_position" below zero and sometimes segfault.
+['neg-inp-pos1', '-t -e', "\b\b\b\b\b\b\tx\n", "        x\n", 0],
+# NB: while there are 4 backspaces in the input, there are only 3 in the output
+['neg-inp-pos2', '-t -e', "abc\b\b\b\b\tx", "abc\b\b\b        x\n", 0],
+
+# This would clobber so much of the heap, it'd segfault or abort every time.
+['smash-heap', '-t -e300', "a".("\b"x50)."\t", "a\b".(" "x300)."\n", 0],
+['smash-heap8', '-t -e',   "a".("\b"x50)."\t", "a\b".(" "x  8)."\n", 0],
+
+# Before coreutils-8.13 page numbers were not handled correctly when
+# headers were not printed (when -l <= 10 or -t or -T specified)
+['page-range', '+1:1 -2 -l1 -s" "',  "a\nb\nc\n", "a b\n", 0],
+
+# This padded with zeros before coreutils-8.21
+['padding1', '-t -n,15', "1\n", (" "x 14)."1,1\n", 0],
+# This crashed with divide by zero before coreutils-8.21
+['padding2', '-t -n,64', "1\n", (" "x 63)."1,1\n", 0],
+# Ensure we handle buffer truncation correctly
+['padding3', '-t -N1000000 -n,1', "1\n", "0,1\n", 0],
+);
+
+# Convert the above old-style test vectors to the newer
+# format used by Coreutils.pm.
+
+my $pfx = "$ENV{abs_srcdir}/tests/pr";
+
+# Normalize otherwise-variable output page headers.
+my $common_option_prefix = '--date-format="-- Date/Time --" -h x';
+
+my @Tests;
+foreach my $t (@tv)
+  {
+    my ($test_name, $flags, $in, $exp, $ret, $err_msg, $err_sub) = @$t;
+    my $new_ent = [$test_name, $common_option_prefix, $flags];
+    if (!ref $in)
+      {
+        push @$new_ent, {IN=>$in};
+      }
+    else
+      {
+        foreach my $e (@$in)
+          {
+            my $file_name = $$e;
+            push @$new_ent, {IN=>{"$pfx/$file_name"=>undef}};
+          }
+      }
+    if (!ref $exp)
+      {
+        push @$new_ent, {OUT=>$exp};
+      }
+    else
+      {
+        foreach my $e (@$exp)
+          {
+            my $file_name = $$e;
+            push @$new_ent, {OUT=>{"$pfx/$file_name"=>undef}};
+          }
+      }
+    $ret
+      and push @$new_ent, {EXIT=>$ret}, {ERR=>$err_msg}, {ERR_SUBST=>$err_sub};
+    push @Tests, $new_ent;
+  }
+
+# Exercise a bug with pr -m -s (commit 553d347)
+push @Tests,
+   ['merge-w-tabs', '-m -s -t',
+    {IN=>{1=>"a\tb\tc\n"}},
+    {IN=>{2=>"m\tn\to\n"}},
+    {IN=>{3=>"x\ty\tz\n"}},
+     {OUT=>join("\t", qw(a b c m n o x y z)) . "\n"} ];
+# -s and -s$'\t' use different code paths
+push @Tests,
+   ['merge-w-tabs-sepstr', "-m -s'\t' -t",
+    {IN=>{1=>"a\tb\tc\n"}},
+    {IN=>{2=>"m\tn\to\n"}},
+    {IN=>{3=>"x\ty\tz\n"}},
+     {OUT=>join("\t", qw(a b c m n o x y z)) . "\n"} ];
+
+# Exercise a variant of the bug with pr -m -s (commit 553d347)
+# test 2 files, too (merging 3 files automatically aligns columns on TAB stops)
+push @Tests,
+   ['merge-2-w-tabs', '-m -s -t',
+    {IN=>{1=>"a\tb\tc\n"}},
+    {IN=>{2=>"m\tn\to\n"}},
+     {OUT=>join("\t", qw(a b c m n o)) . "\n"} ];
+# -s and -s$'\t' use different code paths
+push @Tests,
+   ['merge-2-w-tabs-sepstr', "-m -s'\t' -t",
+    {IN=>{1=>"a\tb\tc\n"}},
+    {IN=>{2=>"m\tn\to\n"}},
+     {OUT=>join("\t", qw(a b c m n o)) . "\n"} ];
+
+# This resulted in reading invalid memory before coreutils-8.26
+push @Tests,
+   ['asan1', "-m -S'\t\t\t' -t",
+    {IN=>{1=>"a\n"}},
+    {IN=>{2=>"a\n"}},
+     {OUT=>"a\t\t\t\t  \t\t\ta\n"} ];
+
+# Exercise a bug with pr -t -2 (bug #46422)
+push @Tests,
+   ['mcol-w-tabs', '-t -2',
+    {IN=>"x\tx\tx\tx\tx\nx\tx\tx\tx\tx\n"},
+     {OUT=>"x\tx\tx\tx\tx   x\t    x\t    x\t    x\t    x\n"} ];
+
+# generalize case from commit 553d347 (problem results from -s, not -m)
+push @Tests,
+   ['mcol-w-tabs-w-tabsep', '-t -2 -s',
+    {IN=>"x\tx\tx\tx\tx\nx\tx\tx\tx\tx\n"},
+     {OUT=>"x\tx\tx\tx\tx\tx\tx\tx\tx\tx\n"} ];
+# -s and -s$'\t' use different code paths
+push @Tests,
+   ['mcol-w-tabs-w-tabsep-sepstr', "-t -2 -s'\t'",
+    {IN=>"x\tx\tx\tx\tx\nx\tx\tx\tx\tx\n"},
+     {OUT=>"x\tx\tx\tx\tx\tx\tx\tx\tx\tx\n"} ];
+
+@Tests = triple_test \@Tests;
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($prog, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/pr/t-0FF b/tests/pr/t-0FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ce1144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/t-0FF
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's at Start of File             V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: Empty Pages at start
+7   \ftext; \f\ntext;
+8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntext; \f\n\ftext; \f\n\f\n;
+9 3456789 123456789 123456789  
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
diff --git a/tests/pr/t-FF b/tests/pr/t-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfd229b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/t-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Text                      V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: One Empty Page
+7   text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;
+8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;
+9   
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
diff --git a/tests/pr/t-bl b/tests/pr/t-bl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7da0a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/t-bl
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Text                      V
+2   Options -n;
+3   numbering lines with skiped pages;
+4   numbering blanc lines (no. 5,12,13,23,28)
+
+6 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+7   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+8   
+9   
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+          
+
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+
+
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+
+
+
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+ 
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
+61 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+62 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+63 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+64 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+70  456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+1                                       12345678
+
+
+
+74 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+75 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/pr/t-t b/tests/pr/t-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bd50ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/t-t
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+1   Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by Hand"       V
+2   Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]
+3   Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]
+4   Options       [+2|+3] [-l 24|17] [-f]
+5
+6   --------------------------------------------
+7 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+8   3 Columns downwards, across, ...:
+9   With columns use  <= 5 text lines/page,
+10  without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = total lines/page,
+1   with -f e.g.   :  -l 8 -f
+2   
+3 line truncation before new page; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before nwe page; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
+1
+2
+3  ------- EOF -------- EOF -------- EOF -------
diff --git a/tests/pr/tFFn b/tests/pr/tFFn
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..779e260
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tFFn
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Text                      V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: One Empty Page
+7   text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;
+8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;
+9   
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
diff --git a/tests/pr/tFFt b/tests/pr/tFFt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a8682c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tFFt
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Text                      V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: One Empty Page
+7   text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;
+8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;
+9   
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345678915 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
diff --git a/tests/pr/tFFt-bl b/tests/pr/tFFt-bl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25bcf67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tFFt-bl
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Text                      V
+2   Options -n;
+3   numbering lines with skiped pages;
+4   numbering blanc lines (no. 5,12,13,23,28)
+
+6 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+7   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+8   
+9   
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+          
+
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 12345678915 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+
+
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+
+
+
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI 
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
+61 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+62 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+63 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+64 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+70  456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+1                                       12345678
+
+
+
+74 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+75 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
diff --git a/tests/pr/tFFt-ll b/tests/pr/tFFt-ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39eca65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tFFt-ll
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+1<<<  -Test: FF's in Text                    >>>
+2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / ...  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789  >>>
+
+6<<<  -Arangements: One Empty Page  >>>
+7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;  >>>
+8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;  >>>
+9<<<  >>> 
+10<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:  >>>
+14<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789  >>>15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+16<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+20<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+
+
+4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+27<<<  truncation before FF; (r_l-test):  >>>
+28<<<  trunc29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  abcdefghi  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  abcdefghi  >>>
+40<<<  123456789  >>>
+41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   >>>
+42<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+44<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+50<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  >>>
+55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+56<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+58<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+60<<<  123456789  >>>
diff --git a/tests/pr/tFFt-lm b/tests/pr/tFFt-lm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fb566d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tFFt-lm
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+1<<<  -Test: FF's in Text                    >>>
+2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / ...  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678  >>>
+
+6<<<  -Arangements: One Empty Page  >>>
+7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;  >>>
+8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;  >>>
+9<<<  >>> 
+10<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:  >>>
+14<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789  >>>15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+16<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+20<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+
+
+4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+27<<<  truncation before FF; (r_l-test):  >>>
+28<<<  trunc29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  abcdefghi  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  abcdefghi  >>>
+40<<<  123456789  >>>
+41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   >>>
+42<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+44<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+50<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  >>>
+55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+56<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+58<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+60<<<  123456789  >>>
diff --git a/tests/pr/tFnFt b/tests/pr/tFnFt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46965cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tFnFt
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Text                      V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: One Empty Page
+7   text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;
+8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;
+9   
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
diff --git a/tests/pr/t_notab b/tests/pr/t_notab
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5d39f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/t_notab
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+aaaa.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzzzzz-aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
+bbbb.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzzzzz-bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
+cccc.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzzzzz-cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
+dddd.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzzzzz-dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
+eeee.bcde-fghijklmn-opqrstuvw-xyzzzzzzz-eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
diff --git a/tests/pr/t_tab b/tests/pr/t_tab
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ff2d46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/t_tab
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+aaa	abcde		fghijklmnopqrstuvw
+bbb	abcde		fghijklmnopqrstuvw
+ccc	abcde		fghijklmnopqrstuvw
+ddd	abcde		fghijklmnopqrstuvw
diff --git a/tests/pr/t_tab_ b/tests/pr/t_tab_
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8463899
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/t_tab_
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+aaa:abcde		fghijklmnopqrstuvw
+bbb:abcde		fghijklmnopqrstuvw
+ccc	abcde		fghijklmnopqrstuvw
+ddd	abcde		fghijklmnopqrstuvw
diff --git a/tests/pr/ta3-0FF b/tests/pr/ta3-0FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ead4067
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/ta3-0FF
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's at St 2   Options -b -3 / -a	3   -------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123 5   3 Columns downwards 6   FF-Arangements: Emp
+7   \ftext; \f\ntext;	8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntex 9 3456789 123456789 123
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 1			2
+3 line truncation befor 14 456789 123456789 123
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	16 456789 123456789 xyz 7
+8			9 3456789 ab		20 DEFGHI 123
+1			2			3
+4			5			6
+27 no truncation before 28 no trunc
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	30 456789 123456789 xyz 1
+2 3456789 abcdefghi	3
diff --git a/tests/pr/ta3-FF b/tests/pr/ta3-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4485c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/ta3-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Te 2   Options -b -3 / -a	3   -------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123 5   3 Columns downwards 6   FF-Arangements: One
+7   text\f\f\n; text\f\ 8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;	9
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 1			2
+3 line truncation befor 14 456789 123456789 123
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	16 456789 123456789 xyz 7
+8			9 3456789 ab		20 DEFGHI 123
+1			2			3
+4			5			6
+27 no truncation before 28 no trunc
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	30 456789 123456789 xyz 1
+2 3456789 abcdefghi	3			4
+5			6			7
+8			9 3456789 abcdefghi	40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 42 456789 123456789 abc
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	44 456789 123456789 xyz 5
+6			7			8
+9			50			1
+2			3			4
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 56 456789 123456789 abc
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	58 456789 123456789 xyz 9
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
diff --git a/tests/pr/tb3-0FF b/tests/pr/tb3-0FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9f0a6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tb3-0FF
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's at St 6   FF-Arangements: Emp 1
+2   Options -b -3 / -a	7   \ftext; \f\ntext;	2
+3   ------------------- 8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntex 3 line truncation befor
+4 3456789 123456789 123 9 3456789 123456789 123 14 456789 123456789 123
+5   3 Columns downwards 10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	20 DEFGHI 123		5
+16 456789 123456789 xyz 1			6
+7			2			27 no truncation before
+8			3			28 no trunc
+9 3456789 ab		4
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	1			3
+30 456789 123456789 xyz 2 3456789 abcdefghi
diff --git a/tests/pr/tb3-FF b/tests/pr/tb3-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a439f22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tb3-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Te 6   FF-Arangements: One 1
+2   Options -b -3 / -a	7   text\f\f\n; text\f\ 2
+3   ------------------- 8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;	3 line truncation befor
+4 3456789 123456789 123 9			14 456789 123456789 123
+5   3 Columns downwards 10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	20 DEFGHI 123		5
+16 456789 123456789 xyz 1			6
+7			2			27 no truncation before
+8			3			28 no trunc
+9 3456789 ab		4
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	4			9 3456789 abcdefghi
+30 456789 123456789 xyz 5			40 DEFGHI 123456789
+1			6			41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a
+2 3456789 abcdefghi	7			42 456789 123456789 abc
+3			8
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	8			3
+44 456789 123456789 xyz 9			4
+5			50			55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a
+6			1			56 456789 123456789 abc
+7			2
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	9			60 DEFGHI 123456789
+58 456789 123456789 xyz
diff --git a/tests/pr/tn b/tests/pr/tn
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bd50ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tn
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+1   Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by Hand"       V
+2   Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]
+3   Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]
+4   Options       [+2|+3] [-l 24|17] [-f]
+5
+6   --------------------------------------------
+7 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+8   3 Columns downwards, across, ...:
+9   With columns use  <= 5 text lines/page,
+10  without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = total lines/page,
+1   with -f e.g.   :  -l 8 -f
+2   
+3 line truncation before new page; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before nwe page; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
+1
+2
+3  ------- EOF -------- EOF -------- EOF -------
diff --git a/tests/pr/tn2e5o3-t_tab b/tests/pr/tn2e5o3-t_tab
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d9207e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tn2e5o3-t_tab
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+       1   aaa	  abcde		 fghij 	   3   ccc    abcde	     fghij
+       2   bbb	  abcde		 fghij 	   4   ddd    abcde	     fghij
diff --git a/tests/pr/tn2e8-t_tab b/tests/pr/tn2e8-t_tab
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8ddb6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tn2e8-t_tab
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+    1	aaa	abcde		fgh 	3   ccc	    abcde	    fgh
+    2	bbb	abcde		fgh 	4   ddd	    abcde	    fgh
diff --git a/tests/pr/tn2e8o3-t_tab b/tests/pr/tn2e8o3-t_tab
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e901d5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tn2e8o3-t_tab
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+       1   aaa	   abcde	   fgh 	   3   ccc     abcde	       fgh
+       2   bbb	   abcde	   fgh 	   4   ddd     abcde	       fgh
diff --git a/tests/pr/tn_2e8-t_tab b/tests/pr/tn_2e8-t_tab
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0b85a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tn_2e8-t_tab
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+    1:aaa	abcde		fgh 	3:ccc	    abcde	    fgh
+    2:bbb	abcde		fgh 	4:ddd	    abcde	    fgh
diff --git a/tests/pr/tn_2e8S-t_tab b/tests/pr/tn_2e8S-t_tab
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..debb335
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tn_2e8S-t_tab
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+    1:aaa	abcde		fg----	  3:ccc	      abcde	      fg
+    2:bbb	abcde		fg----	  4:ddd	      abcde	      fg
diff --git a/tests/pr/tne8-t_tab b/tests/pr/tne8-t_tab
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a38d0c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tne8-t_tab
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+    1	aaa     abcde           fghijklmnopqrstuvw
+    2	bbb     abcde           fghijklmnopqrstuvw
+    3	ccc     abcde           fghijklmnopqrstuvw
+    4	ddd     abcde           fghijklmnopqrstuvw
diff --git a/tests/pr/tne8o3-t_tab b/tests/pr/tne8o3-t_tab
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69aff8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tne8o3-t_tab
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+       1	aaa     abcde           fghijklmnopqrstuvw
+       2	bbb     abcde           fghijklmnopqrstuvw
+       3	ccc     abcde           fghijklmnopqrstuvw
+       4	ddd     abcde           fghijklmnopqrstuvw
diff --git a/tests/pr/tt-0FF b/tests/pr/tt-0FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67802ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tt-0FF
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's at Start of File             V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: Empty Pages at start
+7   \ftext; \f\ntext;
+8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntext; \f\n\ftext; \f\n\f\n;
+9 3456789 123456789 123456789  
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
diff --git a/tests/pr/tt-FF b/tests/pr/tt-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b60ab95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tt-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Text                      V
+2   Options -b -3 / -a -3 / ...
+3   --------------------------------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+5   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+6   FF-Arangements: One Empty Page
+7   text\f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;
+8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;
+9   
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3 line truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
diff --git a/tests/pr/tt-bl b/tests/pr/tt-bl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0195727
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tt-bl
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Text                      V
+2   Options -n;
+3   numbering lines with skiped pages;
+4   numbering blanc lines (no. 5,12,13,23,28)
+
+6 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+7   3 Columns downwards ..., <= 5 lines per page
+8   
+9   
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz123456789
+1                                       12345678
+          
+
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+
+
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before FF; (r_l-test):
+
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+
+
+
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+ 
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
+61 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+62 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+63 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+64 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+70  456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+1                                       12345678
+
+
+
+74 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+75 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
diff --git a/tests/pr/tt-t b/tests/pr/tt-t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bd50ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tt-t
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+1   Test-INPUT: "Without FF set by Hand"       V
+2   Options -b -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]
+3   Options -a -3 [+2|+3] [-l 15|8] [-f]
+4   Options       [+2|+3] [-l 24|17] [-f]
+5
+6   --------------------------------------------
+7 3456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 12345678
+8   3 Columns downwards, across, ...:
+9   With columns use  <= 5 text lines/page,
+10  without -f e.g.:  -l 15 = total lines/page,
+1   with -f e.g.   :  -l 8 -f
+2   
+3 line truncation before new page; r_r_o_l-test:
+14 456789 123456789 123456789 123456789
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+16 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 ab
+20 DEFGHI 123
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+27 no truncation before nwe page; (r_l-test):
+28 no trunc
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+30 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+1                                       12345678
+2 3456789 abcdefghi
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9 3456789 abcdefghi
+40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+42 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+44 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+5                                       12345678
+6                                       12345678
+7                                       12345678
+8                                       12345678
+9                                       12345678
+50                                      12345678
+1                                       12345678
+2                                       12345678
+3                                       12345678
+4                                       12345678
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab 
+56 456789 123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab
+58 456789 123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ
+9                                       12345678
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
+1
+2
+3  ------- EOF -------- EOF -------- EOF -------
diff --git a/tests/pr/tta3-0FF b/tests/pr/tta3-0FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbddda1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tta3-0FF
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's at St 2   Options -b -3 / -a	3   -------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123 5   3 Columns downwards 6   FF-Arangements: Emp
+7   \ftext; \f\ntext;	8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntex 9 3456789 123456789 123
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 1			2
+3 line truncation befor 14 456789 123456789 123
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	16 456789 123456789 xyz 7
+8			9 3456789 ab		20 DEFGHI 123
+1			2			3
+4			5			6
+27 no truncation before 28 no trunc
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	30 456789 123456789 xyz 1
+2 3456789 abcdefghi	3
diff --git a/tests/pr/tta3-FF b/tests/pr/tta3-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42b6ee2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/tta3-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Te 2   Options -b -3 / -a	3   -------------------
+4 3456789 123456789 123 5   3 Columns downwards 6   FF-Arangements: One
+7   text\f\f\n; text\f\ 8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;	9
+10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 1			2
+3 line truncation befor 14 456789 123456789 123
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	16 456789 123456789 xyz 7
+8			9 3456789 ab		20 DEFGHI 123
+1			2			3
+4			5			6
+27 no truncation before 28 no trunc
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	30 456789 123456789 xyz 1
+2 3456789 abcdefghi	3			4
+5			6			7
+8			9 3456789 abcdefghi	40 DEFGHI 123456789
+41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 42 456789 123456789 abc
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	44 456789 123456789 xyz 5
+6			7			8
+9			50			1
+2			3			4
+55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a 56 456789 123456789 abc
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	58 456789 123456789 xyz 9
+60 DEFGHI 123456789
diff --git a/tests/pr/ttb3-0FF b/tests/pr/ttb3-0FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc953a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/ttb3-0FF
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's at St 6   FF-Arangements: Emp 1
+2   Options -b -3 / -a	7   \ftext; \f\ntext;	2
+3   ------------------- 8   \f\ftext; \f\f\ntex 3 line truncation befor
+4 3456789 123456789 123 9 3456789 123456789 123 14 456789 123456789 123
+5   3 Columns downwards 10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	20 DEFGHI 123		5
+16 456789 123456789 xyz 1			6
+7			2			27 no truncation before
+8			3			28 no trunc
+9 3456789 ab		4
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	1			3
+30 456789 123456789 xyz 2 3456789 abcdefghi
diff --git a/tests/pr/ttb3-FF b/tests/pr/ttb3-FF
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eda20a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/ttb3-FF
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+1   FF-Test: FF's in Te 6   FF-Arangements: One 1
+2   Options -b -3 / -a	7   text\f\f\n; text\f\ 2
+3   ------------------- 8   \f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;	3 line truncation befor
+4 3456789 123456789 123 9			14 456789 123456789 123
+5   3 Columns downwards 10  zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
+15 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	20 DEFGHI 123		5
+16 456789 123456789 xyz 1			6
+7			2			27 no truncation before
+8			3			28 no trunc
+9 3456789 ab		4
+29 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	4			9 3456789 abcdefghi
+30 456789 123456789 xyz 5			40 DEFGHI 123456789
+1			6			41 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a
+2 3456789 abcdefghi	7			42 456789 123456789 abc
+3			8
+43 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	8			3
+44 456789 123456789 xyz 9			4
+5			50			55 yzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ a
+6			1			56 456789 123456789 abc
+7			2
+57 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ	9			60 DEFGHI 123456789
+58 456789 123456789 xyz
diff --git a/tests/pr/w72l24f-ll b/tests/pr/w72l24f-ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..109cbaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pr/w72l24f-ll
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 1
+
+
+1<<<  -Test: FF's in Text                    >>>
+2<<<  -b -3 / -a -3 / ...  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789  >>>
+
+6<<<  -Arangements: One Empty Page  >>>
+7<<<  \f\f\n; text\f\n\ftext; \f\ftext;  >>>
+8<<<  f\f\n; \f\n\f\n;  >>>
+9<<<  >>> 
+10<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  truncation before FF; r_r_o_l-test:  >>>
+14<<<  123456789 123456789 123456789  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 2
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 3
+
+
+15<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+16<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+20<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+
+
+4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+27<<<  truncation before FF; (r_l-test):  >>>
+28<<<  trunc
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 4
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 5
+
+
+29<<<xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+30<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  abcdefghi  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  abcdefghi  >>>
+40<<<  123456789  >>>
+41<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab   >>>
+42<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 6
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 7
+
+
+
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 8
+
+
+43<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+44<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+5<<<  >>>
+6<<<  >>>
+7<<<  >>>
+8<<<  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+50<<<  >>>
+1<<<  >>>
+2<<<  >>>
+3<<<  >>>
+4<<<  >>>
+55<<<  XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+56<<<  123456789 abcdefghi ABCDEDFHI  >>>
+
+
+-- Date/Time --                         x                         Page 9
+
+
+57<<<  xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ abcabcab  >>>
+58<<<  123456789 xyzxyzxyz XYZXYZXYZ  >>>
+9<<<  >>>
+60<<<  123456789  >>>
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/readlink/can-e.sh b/tests/readlink/can-e.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ff263b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/readlink/can-e.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# tests for canonicalize-existing mode (readlink -e).
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ readlink pwd
+
+pwd=$(pwd)
+my_pwd=$(env pwd -P)
+tmp=d
+
+mkdir $tmp || framework_failure_
+cd $tmp || framework_failure_
+
+mkdir subdir removed || framework_failure_
+touch regfile || framework_failure_
+
+ln -s regfile link1 || framework_failure_
+ln -s subdir link2 || framework_failure_
+ln -s missing link3 || framework_failure_
+ln -s subdir/missing link4 || framework_failure_
+
+cd "$pwd/$tmp/removed" || framework_failure_
+
+# Skip this test if the system doesn't let you remove the working directory.
+if rmdir ../removed 2>/dev/null; then
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -e .) || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+fi
+
+cd "$pwd/$tmp" || fail=1
+
+for p in "" "$pwd/$tmp/"; do
+
+  v=$(readlink -e "${p}regfile") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/regfile" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -e "${p}./regfile/") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -e "${p}subdir") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -e "${p}./subdir/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -e "${p}missing") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -e "${p}./missing/") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -e "${p}link1") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/regfile" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -e "${p}./link1/") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -e "${p}link1/more") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -e "${p}link2") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -e "${p}./link2/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -e "${p}link2/more") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -e "${p}link3") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -e "${p}./link3/") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -e "${p}link3/more") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -e "${p}link4") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -e "${p}./link4/") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -e "${p}link4/more") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/readlink/can-f.sh b/tests/readlink/can-f.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e0bece5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/readlink/can-f.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# tests for canonicalize mode (readlink -f).
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ readlink pwd
+
+pwd=$(pwd)
+my_pwd=$(env pwd -P)
+tmp=d
+
+mkdir $tmp || framework_failure_
+cd $tmp || framework_failure_
+
+mkdir subdir removed || framework_failure_
+touch regfile || framework_failure_
+
+ln -s regfile link1 || framework_failure_
+ln -s subdir link2 || framework_failure_
+ln -s missing link3 || framework_failure_
+ln -s subdir/missing link4 || framework_failure_
+ln -s link5 link5 || framework_failure_
+
+cd "$pwd/$tmp/removed" || framework_failure_
+
+# Skip this test if the system doesn't let you remove the working directory.
+if rmdir ../removed 2>/dev/null; then
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -e .) || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+fi
+
+cd "$pwd/$tmp" || fail=1
+
+for p in "" "$pwd/$tmp/"; do
+
+  v=$(readlink -f "${p}regfile") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/regfile" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -f "${p}./regfile/") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -f "${p}regfile/more") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -f "${p}./regfile/more/") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -f "${p}subdir") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -f "${p}./subdir/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -f "${p}subdir/more") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir/more" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -f "${p}./subdir/more/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir/more" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -f "${p}missing") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/missing" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -f "${p}./missing/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/missing" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -f "${p}missing/more") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -f "${p}./missing/more/") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -f "${p}link1") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/regfile" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -f "${p}./link1/") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -f "${p}link1/more") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -f "${p}./link1/more/") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -f "${p}link2") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -f "${p}./link2/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -f "${p}link2/more") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir/more" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -f "${p}./link2/more/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir/more" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -f "${p}link2/more/more2") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -f "${p}./link2/more/more2/") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -f "${p}link3") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/missing" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -f "${p}./link3/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/missing" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -f "${p}link3/more") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -f "${p}./link3/more/") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -f "${p}link4") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir/missing" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -f "${p}./link4/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir/missing" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -f "${p}link4/more") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -f "${p}./link4/more") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -f "${p}link5") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -f "${p}./link5/") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -f "${p}link5/more") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -f "${p}./link5/more") || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/readlink/can-m.sh b/tests/readlink/can-m.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3ad3eeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/readlink/can-m.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# tests for canonicalize-missing mode (readlink -m).
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ readlink pwd
+
+pwd=$(pwd)
+my_pwd=$(env pwd -P)
+tmp=d
+
+mkdir $tmp || framework_failure_
+cd $tmp || framework_failure_
+
+mkdir subdir removed || framework_failure_
+touch regfile || framework_failure_
+
+ln -s regfile link1 || framework_failure_
+ln -s subdir link2 || framework_failure_
+ln -s missing link3 || framework_failure_
+ln -s subdir/missing link4 || framework_failure_
+
+cd "$pwd/$tmp/removed" || framework_failure_
+
+# Skip this test if the system doesn't let you remove the working directory.
+if rmdir ../removed 2>/dev/null; then
+  v=$(returns_ 1 readlink -e .) || fail=1
+  test -z "$v" || fail=1
+fi
+
+cd "$pwd/$tmp" || fail=1
+
+for p in "" "$pwd/$tmp/"; do
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}regfile") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/regfile" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}./regfile/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/regfile" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}regfile/more") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/regfile/more" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}./regfile/more/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/regfile/more" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}subdir") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}./subdir/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}subdir/more") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir/more" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}./subdir/more/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir/more" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}missing") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/missing" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}./missing/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/missing" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}missing/more") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/missing/more" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}./missing/more/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/missing/more" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}link1") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/regfile" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}./link1/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/regfile" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}link1/more") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/regfile/more" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}./link1/more/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/regfile/more" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}link2") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}./link2/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}link2/more") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir/more" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}./link2/more/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir/more" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}link2/more/more2") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir/more/more2" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}./link2/more/more2/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir/more/more2" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}link3") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/missing" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}./link3/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/missing" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}link3/more") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/missing/more" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}./link3/more/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/missing/more" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}link4") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir/missing" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}./link4/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir/missing" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}link4/more") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir/missing/more" || fail=1
+
+  v=$(readlink -m "${p}./link4/more/") || fail=1
+  test "$v" = "$my_pwd/$tmp/subdir/missing/more" || fail=1
+
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/readlink/multi.sh b/tests/readlink/multi.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6796077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/readlink/multi.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# test multiple argument handling.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ readlink
+
+touch regfile || framework_failure_
+ln -s regfile link1 || framework_failure_
+
+readlink link1 link1 || fail=1
+returns_ 1 readlink link1 link2 || fail=1
+returns_ 1 readlink link1 link2 link1 || fail=1
+readlink -m link1 link2 || fail=1
+
+printf '/1\0/1\0' > exp || framework_failure_
+readlink -m --zero /1 /1 > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# The largely redundant --no-newline option is ignored with multiple args.
+# Note BSD's readlink suppresses all delimiters, even with multiple args,
+# but that functionality was not thought useful.
+readlink -n -m --zero /1 /1 > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Note the edge case that the last xargs run may not have a delimiter
+rm out || framework_failure_
+printf '/1\0/1\0/1' > exp || framework_failure_
+printf '/1 /1 /1 ' | xargs -n2 readlink -n -m --zero >> out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/readlink/rl-1.sh b/tests/readlink/rl-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..24b2ad7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/readlink/rl-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# test for readlink mode.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ readlink
+
+mkdir subdir || framework_failure_
+touch regfile || framework_failure_
+ln -s regfile link1 || framework_failure_
+ln -s missing link2 || framework_failure_
+
+
+v=$(readlink link1) || fail=1
+test "$v" = regfile || fail=1
+
+v=$(readlink link2) || fail=1
+test "$v" = missing || fail=1
+
+v=$(returns_ 1 readlink subdir) || fail=1
+test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+v=$(returns_ 1 readlink regfile) || fail=1
+test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+v=$(returns_ 1 readlink missing) || fail=1
+test -z "$v" || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/cycle.sh b/tests/rm/cycle.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4cb958a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/cycle.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# rm (coreutils-4.5.4) could be tricked into mistakenly reporting a cycle.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+skip_if_root_
+
+mkdir -p a/b
+touch a/b/file
+chmod ug-w a/b
+
+
+rm -rf a a 2>&1 | sed 's/:[^:]*$//' > out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+rm: cannot remove 'a/b/file'
+rm: cannot remove 'a/b/file'
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/d-1.sh b/tests/rm/d-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1fbbffd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/d-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test "rm --dir --verbose".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+mkdir a || framework_failure_
+> b || framework_failure_
+
+rm --verbose --dir a b > out || fail=1
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+removed directory 'a'
+removed 'b'
+EOF
+
+test -e a && fail=1
+test -e b && fail=1
+
+# Compare expected and actual output.
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/d-2.sh b/tests/rm/d-2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..901563e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/d-2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that 'rm -d dir' (i.e., without --recursive) gives a reasonable
+# diagnostic when failing.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+mkdir d || framework_failure_
+> d/a || framework_failure_
+
+rm -d d 2> out && fail=1
+
+# Accept any of these: EEXIST, ENOTEMPTY
+sed 's/: File exists/: Directory not empty/' out > out2
+
+printf "%s\n" \
+    "rm: cannot remove 'd': Directory not empty" \
+    > exp || framework_failure_
+
+compare exp out2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/d-3.sh b/tests/rm/d-3.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8613a2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/d-3.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that 'rm -d -i dir' (i.e., without --recursive) gives a prompt and
+# then deletes the directory if it is empty
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+mkdir d || framework_failure_
+
+echo "y" | rm -i -d --verbose d > out 2> out.err || fail=1
+printf "%s" \
+    "rm: remove directory 'd'? " \
+    > exp.err || framework_failure_
+
+printf "%s\n" \
+    "removed directory 'd'" \
+    > exp || framework_failure_
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+compare exp.err out.err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/dangling-symlink.sh b/tests/rm/dangling-symlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4208080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/dangling-symlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# rm should not prompt before removing a dangling symlink.
+# Likewise for a non-dangling symlink.
+# But for fileutils-4.1.9, it would do the former and
+# for fileutils-4.1.10 the latter.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+ln -s no-file dangle
+ln -s / symlink
+
+# Terminate any background processes
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+rm ---presume-input-tty dangle symlink & pid=$!
+# The buggy rm (fileutils-4.1.9) would hang here, waiting for input.
+
+# Wait up to 6.3s for rm to remove the files
+check_files_removed() {
+  local present=0
+  sleep $1
+  ls -l dangle > /dev/null 2>&1 && present=1
+  ls -l symlink > /dev/null 2>&1 && present=1
+  test $present = 0
+}
+retry_delay_ check_files_removed .1 6 || fail=1
+
+cleanup_
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/deep-1.sh b/tests/rm/deep-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..41fac84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/deep-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test "rm" with a deep hierarchy.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1997-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# This is a bit of a torture test for mkdir -p, too.
+# GNU rm performs *much* better on systems that have a d_type member
+# in the directory structure because then it does only one stat per
+# command line argument.
+
+# If this test takes too long on your system, blame the OS.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+umask 022
+
+
+k20=/k/k/k/k/k/k/k/k/k/k/k/k/k/k/k/k/k/k/k/k
+k200=$k20$k20$k20$k20$k20$k20$k20$k20$k20$k20
+
+# Be careful not to exceed max file name length (usu 512?).
+# Doing so wouldn't affect GNU mkdir or GNU rm, but any tool that
+# operates on the full pathname (like 'test') would choke.
+k_deep=$k200$k200
+
+t=t
+# Create a directory in $t with lots of 'k' components.
+deep=$t$k_deep
+mkdir -p $deep || fail=1
+
+# Make sure the deep dir was created.
+test -d $deep || fail=1
+
+rm -r $t || fail=1
+
+# Make sure all of $t was deleted.
+test -d $t && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/deep-2.sh b/tests/rm/deep-2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..01c2104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/deep-2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure rm -r DIR does not prompt for very long full relative names in DIR.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+require_perl_
+
+# Root can run this test, but it always succeeds, since for root, all
+# files are writable, and write_protected_non_symlink never reaches
+# the offending euidaccess_stat call.
+skip_if_root_
+
+# ecryptfs for example uses some of the file name space
+# for encrypting filenames, so we must check dynamically.
+name_max=$(stat -f -c %l .)
+test "$name_max" -ge '200' || skip_ "NAME_MAX=$name_max is not sufficient"
+
+mkdir x || framework_failure_
+cd x || framework_failure_
+
+# Construct a hierarchy containing a relative file with a long name
+$PERL \
+    -e 'my $d = "x" x 200; foreach my $i (1..52)' \
+    -e '  { mkdir ($d, 0700) && chdir $d or die "$!" }' \
+  || framework_failure_
+
+cd .. || framework_failure_
+echo n > no || framework_failure_
+
+rm ---presume-input-tty -r x < no > out || fail=1
+
+# expect empty output
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+
+# the directory must have been removed
+test -d x && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/dir-no-w.sh b/tests/rm/dir-no-w.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8424d9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/dir-no-w.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# rm (without -r) must give a diagnostic for any directory.
+# It must not prompt, even if that directory is unwritable.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+mkdir --mode=0500 unwritable-dir || framework_failure_
+
+
+# For rm from coreutils-5.0.1, this would prompt.
+rm ---presume-input-tty unwritable-dir < /dev/null > out-t 2>&1 && fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+rm: cannot remove 'unwritable-dir': Is a directory
+EOF
+
+# When run by a non-privileged user we get this:
+# rm: cannot remove directory 'unwritable-dir': Is a directory
+# When run by root we get this:
+# rm: cannot remove 'unwritable-dir': Is a directory
+# Normalize the message.
+sed 's/remove directory/remove/' out-t > out
+rm -f out-t
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/dir-nonrecur.sh b/tests/rm/dir-nonrecur.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d309828
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/dir-nonrecur.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that 'rm dir' (i.e., without --recursive) gives a reasonable
+# diagnostic when failing.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+mkdir d || framework_failure_
+
+
+rm d 2> out && fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+rm: cannot remove 'd': Is a directory
+EOF
+
+# Before coreutils-5.93 this test would fail on Solaris 9 and newer.
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/dot-rel.sh b/tests/rm/dot-rel.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3f603b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/dot-rel.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Use rm -r to remove two non-empty dot-relative directories.
+# This would have failed between 2004-10-18 and 2004-10-21.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+mkdir a b || framework_failure_
+touch a/f b/f || framework_failure_
+
+
+rm -r a b || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/empty-immutable-skip.sh b/tests/rm/empty-immutable-skip.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a4eae3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/empty-immutable-skip.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that rm does not skip extra files after hitting an empty immutable dir.
+# Requires root access to do chattr +i, as well as an ext[23] or xfs file system
+
+# Copyright (C) 2020-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+require_root_
+
+# These simple one-file operations are expected to work even in the
+# presence of this bug, and we need them to set up the rest of the test.
+chattr_i_works=1
+touch f
+chattr +i f 2>/dev/null || chattr_i_works=0
+rm f 2>/dev/null
+test -f f || chattr_i_works=0
+chattr -i f 2>/dev/null || chattr_i_works=0
+rm f 2>/dev/null || chattr_i_works=0
+test -f f && chattr_i_works=0
+
+if test $chattr_i_works = 0; then
+  skip_ "chattr +i doesn't work on this file system"
+fi
+
+mkdir empty || framework_failure_
+touch x y || framework_failure_
+chattr +i empty || framework_failure_
+rm -rf empty x y
+{ test -f x || test -f y; } && fail=1
+chattr -i empty
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/empty-inacc.sh b/tests/rm/empty-inacc.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5cab266
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/empty-inacc.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that rm -rf removes an empty-and-inaccessible directory.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+skip_if_root_
+
+mkdir -m0 inacc || framework_failure_
+
+# Also exercise the different code path that's taken for a directory
+# that is empty (hence removable) and unreadable.
+mkdir -m a-r -p a/unreadable
+
+
+# This would fail for e.g., coreutils-5.93.
+rm -rf inacc || fail=1
+test -d inacc && fail=1
+
+# This would fail for e.g., coreutils-5.97.
+rm -rf a || fail=1
+test -d a && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/empty-name.pl b/tests/rm/empty-name.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e31f68f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/empty-name.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Make sure that rm -r '' fails.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# On SunOS 4.1.3, running rm -r '' in a nonempty directory may
+# actually remove files with names of entries in the current directory
+# but relative to '/' rather than relative to the current directory.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $prog = 'rm';
+
+# FIXME: copied from misc/ls-misc; factor into Coreutils.pm?
+sub mk_file(@)
+{
+  foreach my $f (@_)
+    {
+      open (F, '>', $f) && close F
+        or die "creating $f: $!\n";
+    }
+}
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     # test-name options input expected-output
+     #
+     ['empty-name-1', "''", {EXIT => 1},
+      {ERR => "$prog: cannot remove '': No such file or directory\n"}],
+
+     ['empty-name-2', "a '' b", {EXIT => 1},
+      {ERR => "$prog: cannot remove '': No such file or directory\n"},
+      {PRE => sub { mk_file qw(a b) }},
+      {POST => sub {-f 'a' || -f 'b' and die "a or b remain\n" }},
+     ],
+    );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{SAVE_TEMPS};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/rm/ext3-perf.sh b/tests/rm/ext3-perf.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..744298a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/ext3-perf.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that "rm -rf DIR-with-many-entries" is not O(N^2)
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+very_expensive_
+
+# In a circa 2008 benchmark, using rm -rf to remove a 400k-entry directory took:
+# - 9 seconds with the patch, on a 2-yr-old system
+# - 350 seconds without the patch, on a high-end system (disk 20-30% faster)
+threshold_seconds=60
+
+# The number of entries in our test directory.
+n=400000
+
+# Choose a value that is large enough to ensure an accidentally
+# regressed rm would require much longer than $threshold_seconds to remove
+# the directory.  With n=400k, pre-patch GNU rm would require about 350
+# seconds even on a fast disk.  On a circa 2006 system, the
+# patched version of rm requires about 10 seconds, so even if you
+# choose to enable very expensive tests with a device that is much slower,
+# the test should still succeed.
+
+# Skip unless "." is on an ext[34] file system.
+# FIXME-maybe: try to find a suitable file system or allow
+# the user to specify it via an envvar.
+df -T -t ext3 -t ext4dev -t ext4 . \
+  || skip_ 'this test runs only on an ext3 or ext4 file system'
+
+# Skip if there are too few inodes free.  Require some slack.
+free_inodes=$(stat -f --format=%d .) || framework_failure_
+min_free_inodes=$(expr 12 \* $n / 10)
+test $min_free_inodes -lt $free_inodes \
+  || skip_ "too few free inodes on '.': $free_inodes;" \
+      "this test requires at least $min_free_inodes"
+
+ok=0
+start=$(date +%s)
+mkdir d &&
+  cd d &&
+    seq $n | xargs touch &&
+    test -f 1 &&
+    test -f $n &&
+  cd .. &&
+  ok=1
+test $ok = 1 || framework_failure_
+setup_duration=$(expr $(date +%s) - $start)
+echo creating a $n-entry directory took $setup_duration seconds
+
+# If set-up took longer than the default $threshold_seconds,
+# use the longer set-up duration as the limit.
+test $threshold_seconds -lt $setup_duration \
+  && threshold_seconds=$setup_duration
+
+start=$(date +%s)
+timeout ${threshold_seconds}s rm -rf d; err=$?
+duration=$(expr $(date +%s) - $start)
+
+case $err in
+  124) fail=1; echo rm took longer than $threshold_seconds seconds;;
+  0) ;;
+  *) fail=1;;
+esac
+
+echo removing a $n-entry directory took $duration seconds
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/f-1.sh b/tests/rm/f-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3045684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/f-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test "rm -f" with a nonexistent file.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1997-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+mkdir -p d || framework_failure_
+
+rm -f d/no-such-file || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/fail-2eperm.sh b/tests/rm/fail-2eperm.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..dbee69f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/fail-2eperm.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Like fail-eperm, but the failure must be for a file encountered
+# while trying to remove the containing directory with the sticky bit set.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+require_root_
+
+# The containing directory must be owned by the user who eventually runs rm.
+chown $NON_ROOT_USERNAME .
+
+mkdir a || framework_failure_
+chmod 1777 a || framework_failure_
+touch a/b || framework_failure_
+
+
+# Try to ensure that $NON_ROOT_USERNAME can access
+# the required version of rm.
+rm_version=$(
+  chroot --skip-chdir --user=$NON_ROOT_USERNAME / env PATH="$PATH" \
+    rm --version |
+  sed -n '1s/.* //p'
+)
+case $rm_version in
+  $PACKAGE_VERSION) ;;
+  *) skip_ "cannot access just-built rm as user $NON_ROOT_USERNAME";;
+esac
+chroot --skip-chdir --user=$NON_ROOT_USERNAME / \
+  env PATH="$PATH" rm -rf a 2> out-t && fail=1
+
+# On some systems, we get 'Not owner'.  Convert it.
+# On other systems (HPUX), we get 'Permission denied'.  Convert it, too.
+onp='Operation not permitted'
+sed "s/Not owner/$onp/;s/Permission denied/$onp/" out-t > out
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+rm: cannot remove 'a/b': Operation not permitted
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/fail-eacces.sh b/tests/rm/fail-eacces.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..94f36c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/fail-eacces.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that rm -rf unremovable-non-dir gives a diagnostic.
+# Test both a regular file and a symlink -- it makes a difference to rm.
+# With the symlink, rm from coreutils-6.9 would fail with a misleading
+# ELOOP diagnostic.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+skip_if_root_
+
+ok=0
+mkdir d           &&
+  touch d/f       &&
+  ln -s f d/slink &&
+  chmod a-w d     &&
+  ok=1
+test $ok = 1 || framework_failure_
+
+mkdir e           &&
+  ln -s f e/slink &&
+  chmod a-w e     &&
+  ok=1
+test $ok = 1 || framework_failure_
+
+
+rm -rf d/f 2> out && fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+rm: cannot remove 'd/f': Permission denied
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# This used to fail with ELOOP.
+rm -rf e 2> out && fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+rm: cannot remove 'e/slink': Permission denied
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/fail-eperm.xpl b/tests/rm/fail-eperm.xpl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..09374e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/fail-eperm.xpl
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -Tw
+# Ensure that rm gives the expected diagnostic when failing to remove a file
+# owned by some other user in a directory with the sticky bit set.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $ME = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+my $uid = $<;
+# skip if root
+$uid == 0
+  and CuSkip::skip "$ME: can't run this test as root: skipping this test";
+
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE} && $ENV{VERBOSE} eq 'yes';
+
+# Ensure that the diagnostics are in English.
+$ENV{LC_ALL} = 'C';
+
+# Set up a safe, well-known environment
+$ENV{IFS}  = '';
+
+# Taint checking requires a sanitized $PATH.  This script performs no $PATH
+# search, so on most Unix-based systems, it is fine simply to clear $ENV{PATH}.
+# However, on Cygwin, it's used to find cygwin1.dll, so set it.
+$ENV{PATH} = '/bin:/usr/bin';
+
+my @dir_list = qw(/tmp /var/tmp /usr/tmp);
+my $rm = "$ENV{abs_top_builddir}/src/rm";
+
+# Untaint for upcoming popen.
+$rm =~ m!^([-+\@\w./]+)$!
+  or CuSkip::skip "$ME: unusual absolute builddir name; skipping this test\n";
+$rm = $1;
+
+# Find a directory with the sticky bit set.
+my $found_dir;
+my $found_file;
+foreach my $dir (@dir_list)
+  {
+    if (-d $dir && -k _ && -r _ && -w _ && -x _)
+      {
+        $found_dir = 1;
+
+        # Find a non-directory there that is owned by some other user.
+        opendir DIR_HANDLE, $dir
+          or die "$ME: couldn't open $dir: $!\n";
+
+        foreach my $f (readdir DIR_HANDLE)
+          {
+            # Consider only names containing "safe" characters.
+            $f =~ /^([-\@\w.]+)$/
+              or next;
+            $f = $1;    # untaint $f
+
+            my $target_file = "$dir/$f";
+            $verbose
+              and warn "$ME: considering $target_file\n";
+
+            # Skip files owned by self, symlinks, and directories.
+            # It's not technically necessary to skip symlinks, but it's simpler.
+            # SVR4-like systems (e.g., Solaris 9) let you unlink files that
+            # you can write, so skip writable files too.
+            -l $target_file || -o _ || -d _ || -w _
+              and next;
+
+            $found_file = 1;
+
+            # Invoke rm on this file and ensure that we get the
+            # expected exit code and diagnostic.
+            my $cmd = "$rm -f -- $target_file";
+            open RM, "$cmd 2>&1 |"
+              or die "$ME: cannot execute '$cmd'\n";
+
+            my $line = <RM>;
+
+            close RM;
+            my $rc = $?;
+            # This test opportunistically looks for files that can't
+            # be removed but those files may already have been removed
+            # by their owners by the time we get to them.  It is a
+            # race condition.  If so then the rm is successful and our
+            # test is thwarted.  Detect this case and ignore.
+            if ($rc == 0)
+              {
+                next if ! -e $target_file;
+                die "$ME: unexpected exit status from '$cmd';\n"
+                  . "  got 0, expected 1\n";
+              }
+            if (0x80 < $rc)
+              {
+                my $status = $rc >> 8;
+                $status == 1
+                  or die "$ME: unexpected exit status from '$cmd';\n"
+                    . "  got $status, expected 1\n";
+              }
+            else
+              {
+                # Terminated by a signal.
+                my $sig_num = $rc & 0x7F;
+                die "$ME: command '$cmd' died with signal $sig_num\n";
+              }
+
+            my $exp = "rm: cannot remove '$target_file':";
+            $line
+              or die "$ME: no output from '$cmd';\n"
+                . "expected something like '$exp ...'\n";
+
+            # Transform the actual diagnostic so that it starts with "rm:".
+            # Depending on your system, it might be "rm:" already, or
+            # "../../src/rm:".
+            $line =~ s,^\Q$rm\E:,rm:,;
+
+            my $regex = quotemeta $exp;
+            $line =~ /^$regex/
+              or die "$ME: unexpected diagnostic from '$cmd';\n"
+                . "  got      $line"
+                . "  expected $exp ...\n";
+
+            last;
+          }
+
+        closedir DIR_HANDLE;
+        $found_file
+          and last;
+      }
+  }
+
+$found_dir
+  or CuSkip::skip "$ME: couldn't find a directory with the sticky bit set;"
+    . " skipping this test\n";
+
+$found_file
+  or CuSkip::skip "$ME: couldn't find a file not owned by you\n"
+    . " in any of the following directories:\n  @dir_list\n"
+    . "...so, skipping this test\n";
diff --git a/tests/rm/hash.sh b/tests/rm/hash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ce902c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/hash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise a bug that was fixed in 4.0s.
+# Before then, rm would fail occasionally, sometimes via
+# a failed assertion, others with a seg fault.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+expensive_
+
+# Create a hierarchy with 3*26 leaf directories, each at depth 153.
+echo "$0: creating 78 trees, each of depth 153; this will take a while..." >&2
+y=$(seq 1 150|tr -sc '\n' y|tr '\n' /)
+for i in 1 2 3; do
+  for j in a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z; do
+    mkdir -p t/$i/$j/$y || framework_failure_
+  done
+done
+
+
+rm -r t || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/i-1.sh b/tests/rm/i-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..00f4200
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/i-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test "rm -i".
+
+# Copyright (C) 1997-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+t=t
+mkdir -p $t || framework_failure_
+echo > $t/a || framework_failure_
+test -f $t/a || framework_failure_
+
+echo y > $t/in-y
+echo n > $t/in-n
+
+rm -i $t/a < $t/in-n > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+# The file should not have been removed.
+test -f $t/a || fail=1
+
+rm -i $t/a < $t/in-y > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+# The file should have been removed this time.
+test -f $t/a && fail=1
+
+rm -rf $t
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/i-never.sh b/tests/rm/i-never.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..da988a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/i-never.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that rm --interactive=never works does not prompt, even for
+# an unwritable file.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+skip_if_root_
+
+touch f || framework_failure_
+chmod 0 f || framework_failure_
+touch exp || framework_failure_
+
+
+rm --interactive=never f > out || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/i-no-r.sh b/tests/rm/i-no-r.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f107b04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/i-no-r.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Since the rewrite for fileutils-4.1.9, 'rm -i DIR' would mistakenly
+# recurse into directory DIR.  rm -i (without -r) must fail in that case.
+# Fixed in coreutils-4.5.2.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+mkdir dir || framework_failure_
+echo y > y || framework_failure_
+
+
+# This must fail.
+returns_ 1 rm -i dir < y > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# The directory must remain.
+test -d dir || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/ignorable.sh b/tests/rm/ignorable.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..357b94b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/ignorable.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that rm -f existing-non-dir/anything exits successfully
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+skip_if_root_
+
+touch existing-non-dir || framework_failure_
+
+
+# With coreutils-6.3, this would exit nonzero.  It should not.
+# Example from Andreas Schwab.
+rm -f existing-non-dir/f > out 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/inaccessible.sh b/tests/rm/inaccessible.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d0f5363
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/inaccessible.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that rm works even when run from a directory
+# for which the user has no access at all.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+# Skip this test if your system has neither the openat-style functions
+# nor /proc/self/fd support with which to emulate them.
+require_openat_support_
+skip_if_root_
+
+p=$(pwd)
+mkdir abs1 abs2 no-access || framework_failure_
+
+
+set +x
+(cd no-access; chmod 0 . && rm -r "$p/abs1" rel "$p/abs2") 2> out && fail=1
+test -d "$p/abs1" && fail=1
+test -d "$p/abs2" && fail=1
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+rm: cannot remove 'rel': Permission denied
+EOF
+
+# AIX 4.3.3 fails with a different diagnostic.
+# Transform their diagnostic
+#   ...: The file access permissions do not allow the specified action.
+# to the expected one:
+sed 's/: The file access permissions.*/: Permission denied/'<out>o1;mv o1 out
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/interactive-always.sh b/tests/rm/interactive-always.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4ac3145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/interactive-always.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test the --interactive[=WHEN] changes added to coreutils 6.0
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+touch file1-1 file1-2 file2-1 file2-2 file3-1 file3-2 file4-1 file4-2 \
+  || framework_failure_
+# If asked, answer no to first question, then yes to second.
+echo 'n
+y' > in || framework_failure_
+rm -f out err || framework_failure_
+
+
+# The prompt has a trailing space, and no newline, so an extra
+# 'echo .' is inserted after each rm to make it obvious what was asked.
+
+echo 'no WHEN' > err || framework_failure_
+rm -R --interactive file1-* < in >> out 2>> err || fail=1
+echo . >> err || framework_failure_
+test -f file1-1 || fail=1
+test -f file1-2 && fail=1
+
+echo 'WHEN=never' >> err || framework_failure_
+rm -R --interactive=never file2-* < in >> out 2>> err || fail=1
+echo . >> err || framework_failure_
+test -f file2-1 && fail=1
+test -f file2-2 && fail=1
+
+echo 'WHEN=once' >> err || framework_failure_
+rm -R --interactive=once file3-* < in >> out 2>> err || fail=1
+echo . >> err || framework_failure_
+test -f file3-1 || fail=1
+test -f file3-2 || fail=1
+
+echo 'WHEN=always' >> err || framework_failure_
+rm -R --interactive=always file4-* < in >> out 2>> err || fail=1
+echo . >> err || framework_failure_
+test -f file4-1 || fail=1
+test -f file4-2 && fail=1
+
+echo '-f overrides --interactive' >> err || framework_failure_
+rm -R --interactive=once -f file1-* < in >> out 2>> err || fail=1
+echo . >> err || framework_failure_
+test -f file1-1 && fail=1
+
+echo '--interactive overrides -f' >> err || framework_failure_
+rm -R -f --interactive=once file4-* < in >> out 2>> err || fail=1
+echo . >> err || framework_failure_
+test -f file4-1 || fail=1
+
+cat <<\EOF > experr.t || framework_failure_
+no WHEN
+@remove_empty 'file1-1'? @remove_empty 'file1-2'? .
+WHEN=never
+.
+WHEN=once
+rm: remove 2 arguments recursively? .
+WHEN=always
+@remove_empty 'file4-1'? @remove_empty 'file4-2'? .
+-f overrides --interactive
+.
+--interactive overrides -f
+rm: remove 1 argument recursively? .
+EOF
+sed 's/@remove_empty/rm: remove regular empty file/g' < experr.t > experr ||
+  framework_failure_
+
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+compare experr err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/interactive-once.sh b/tests/rm/interactive-once.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..16bd4ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/interactive-once.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test the -I option added to coreutils 6.0
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+mkdir -p dir1-1 dir2-1 dir2-2 || framework_failure_
+touch file1-1 file2-1 file2-2 file2-3 file3-1 file3-2 file3-3 file3-4 \
+  || framework_failure_
+echo y > in-y || framework_failure_
+echo n > in-n || framework_failure_
+rm -f out err || framework_failure_
+
+
+# The prompt has a trailing space, and no newline, so an extra
+# 'echo .' is inserted after each rm to make it obvious what was asked.
+
+echo 'one file, no recursion' > err || framework_failure_
+rm -I file1-* < in-n >> out 2>> err || fail=1
+echo . >> err || framework_failure_
+test -f file1-1 && fail=1
+
+echo 'one file, read only, answer no' >> err || framework_failure_
+if ls /dev/stdin >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  touch file1-1 || framework_failure_
+  chmod a-w file1-1 || framework_failure_
+  if ! test -w file1-1; then
+    # root won't get prompted
+    write_prot_msg1="rm: remove write-protected regular empty file 'file1-1'? "
+  fi
+  rm ---presume-input-tty -I file1-* < in-n >> out 2>> err || fail=1
+  echo . >> err || framework_failure_
+  if test "$write_prot_msg1"; then
+    test -f file1-1 || fail=1
+  fi
+else
+  echo '.' >> err || framework_failure_
+fi
+
+echo 'three files, no recursion' >> err || framework_failure_
+rm -I file2-* < in-n >> out 2>> err || fail=1
+echo . >> err || framework_failure_
+test -f file2-1 && fail=1
+test -f file2-2 && fail=1
+test -f file2-3 && fail=1
+
+echo 'four files, no recursion, answer no' >> err || framework_failure_
+rm -I file3-* < in-n >> out 2>> err || fail=1
+echo . >> err || framework_failure_
+test -f file3-1 || fail=1
+test -f file3-2 || fail=1
+test -f file3-3 || fail=1
+test -f file3-4 || fail=1
+
+echo 'four files, no recursion, answer yes' >> err || framework_failure_
+rm -I file3-* < in-y >> out 2>> err || fail=1
+echo . >> err || framework_failure_
+test -f file3-1 && fail=1
+test -f file3-2 && fail=1
+test -f file3-3 && fail=1
+test -f file3-4 && fail=1
+
+echo 'four files, no recursion, 1 read only, answer yes no' >> err \
+  || framework_failure_
+if ls /dev/stdin >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  touch file3-1 file3-2 file3-3 file3-4 || framework_failure_
+  echo non_empty > file3-4 || framework_failure_ # to shorten diagnostic
+  chmod a-w file3-4 || framework_failure_
+  if ! test -w file3-4; then
+    # root won't get prompted
+    write_prot_msg2="rm: remove write-protected regular file 'file3-4'? "
+  fi
+  cat in-y in-n | rm ---presume-input-tty -I file3-* >> out 2>> err || fail=1
+  echo . >> err || framework_failure_
+  test -f file3-1 && fail=1
+  test -f file3-2 && fail=1
+  test -f file3-3 && fail=1
+  if test "$write_prot_msg2"; then
+    test -f file3-4 || fail=1
+  fi
+else
+  echo 'rm: remove 4 arguments? .' >> err || framework_failure_
+fi
+
+echo 'one file, recursion, answer no' >> err || framework_failure_
+rm -I -R dir1-* < in-n >> out 2>> err || fail=1
+echo . >> err || framework_failure_
+test -d dir1-1 || fail=1
+
+echo 'one file, recursion, answer yes' >> err || framework_failure_
+rm -I -R dir1-* < in-y >> out 2>> err || fail=1
+echo . >> err || framework_failure_
+test -d dir1-1 && fail=1
+
+echo 'multiple files, recursion, answer no' >> err || framework_failure_
+rm -I -R dir2-* < in-n >> out 2>> err || fail=1
+echo . >> err || framework_failure_
+test -d dir2-1 || fail=1
+test -d dir2-2 || fail=1
+
+echo 'multiple files, recursion, answer yes' >> err || framework_failure_
+rm -I -R dir2-* < in-y >> out 2>> err || fail=1
+echo . >> err || framework_failure_
+test -d dir2-1 && fail=1
+test -d dir2-2 && fail=1
+
+cat <<EOF > experr || framework_failure_
+one file, no recursion
+.
+one file, read only, answer no
+$write_prot_msg1.
+three files, no recursion
+.
+four files, no recursion, answer no
+rm: remove 4 arguments? .
+four files, no recursion, answer yes
+rm: remove 4 arguments? .
+four files, no recursion, 1 read only, answer yes no
+rm: remove 4 arguments? $write_prot_msg2.
+one file, recursion, answer no
+rm: remove 1 argument recursively? .
+one file, recursion, answer yes
+rm: remove 1 argument recursively? .
+multiple files, recursion, answer no
+rm: remove 2 arguments recursively? .
+multiple files, recursion, answer yes
+rm: remove 2 arguments recursively? .
+EOF
+
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+compare experr err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/ir-1.sh b/tests/rm/ir-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bc12050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/ir-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test "rm -ir".
+
+# Copyright (C) 1997-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+t=t
+mkdir -p $t $t/a $t/b $t/c || framework_failure_
+> $t/a/a || framework_failure_
+> $t/b/bb || framework_failure_
+> $t/c/cc || framework_failure_
+
+cat <<EOF > in
+y
+y
+y
+y
+y
+y
+y
+y
+n
+n
+n
+EOF
+
+# Remove all but one of a, b, c -- I doubt that this test can portably
+# determine which one was removed based on order of dir entries.
+# This is a good argument for switching to a dejagnu-style test suite.
+rm --verbose -i -r $t < in > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# $t should not have been removed.
+test -d $t || fail=1
+
+# There should be only one directory left.
+case $(echo $t/*) in
+  $t/[abc]) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/isatty.sh b/tests/rm/isatty.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0f0b663
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/isatty.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure 'chown 0 f; rm f' prompts before removing f.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+skip_if_root_
+
+
+# Skip this test if there is no /dev/stdin file.
+ls /dev/stdin >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+  || skip_ 'there is no /dev/stdin file'
+
+# Terminate any background processes
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+touch f
+chmod 0 f
+rm ---presume-input-tty f > out 2>&1 & pid=$!
+
+# Wait a second, to give a buggy rm (as in fileutils-4.0.40)
+# enough time to remove the file.
+sleep 1
+
+# The file must still exist.
+test -f f || fail=1
+
+cleanup_
+
+# Note the trailing 'x' -- so I don't have to have a trailing
+# blank in this file :-)
+cat > exp <<\EOF
+rm: remove write-protected regular empty file 'f'? x
+EOF
+
+# Append an 'x' and a newline.
+echo x >> out
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/many-dir-entries-vs-OOM.sh b/tests/rm/many-dir-entries-vs-OOM.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c3ff97f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/many-dir-entries-vs-OOM.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# In coreutils-8.12, rm,du,chmod, etc. would use too much memory
+# when processing a directory with many entries (as in > 100,000).
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm du chmod
+expensive_
+
+mkdir d2 \
+  && touch d2/f || framework_failure_
+
+# Restrict memory.  Each of these coreutils-8.12 programs would fail
+# with a diagnostic like "rm: fts_read failed: Cannot allocate memory".
+vm=$(get_min_ulimit_v_ du -sh d2) \
+  || skip_ "this shell lacks ulimit support"
+
+# With many files in a single directory...
+mkdir d || framework_failure_
+seq --format="d/%06g" 200000 | xargs touch || framework_failure_
+
+# Allow 35MiB more memory as for the trivial case above.
+(ulimit -v $(($vm + 35000)) && du -sh d) || fail=1
+
+vm=$(get_min_ulimit_v_ chmod -R 700 d2) \
+  || skip_ "this shell lacks ulimit support"
+(ulimit -v $(($vm + 35000)) && chmod -R 700 d) || fail=1
+
+vm=$(get_min_ulimit_v_ rm -rf d2) \
+  || skip_ "this shell lacks ulimit support"
+(ulimit -v $(($vm + 35000)) && rm -rf d) || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/no-give-up.sh b/tests/rm/no-give-up.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bf81914
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/no-give-up.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# With rm from coreutils-5.2.1 and earlier, 'rm -r' would mistakenly
+# give up too early under some conditions.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+require_root_
+
+mkdir d || framework_failure_
+touch d/f || framework_failure_
+chown -R $NON_ROOT_USERNAME d || framework_failure_
+
+# Ensure that non-root can access files in root-owned ".".
+chmod go=x . || framework_failure_
+
+
+# This must fail, since '.' is not writable by $NON_ROOT_USERNAME.
+returns_ 1 chroot --skip-chdir --user=$NON_ROOT_USERNAME / env PATH="$PATH" \
+  rm -rf d 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+# d must remain.
+test -d d || fail=1
+
+# f must have been removed.
+test -f d/f && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/one-file-system.sh b/tests/rm/one-file-system.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c171fab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/one-file-system.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Demonstrate rm's new --one-file-system option.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+require_root_
+
+cleanup_()
+{
+  # When you take the undesirable shortcut of making /etc/mtab a link
+  # to /proc/mounts, unmounting "$other_partition_tmpdir" would fail.
+  # So, here we unmount a/b instead.
+  umount a/b
+  rm -rf "$other_partition_tmpdir"
+}
+. "$abs_srcdir/tests/other-fs-tmpdir"
+
+t=$other_partition_tmpdir
+mkdir -p a/b $t/y
+mount --bind $t a/b \
+  || skip_ "This test requires mount with a working --bind option."
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+rm: skipping 'a/b', since it's on a different device
+EOF
+returns_ 1 rm --one-file-system -rf a 2> out || fail=1
+test -d $t/y || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+cat <<\EOF >> exp || framework_failure_
+rm: and --preserve-root=all is in effect
+EOF
+returns_ 1 rm --preserve-root=all -rf a/b 2>out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/one-file-system2.sh b/tests/rm/one-file-system2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..acd520d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/one-file-system2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify --one-file-system does delete within a file system
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+mkdir -p a/b
+
+rm --one-file-system -rf a || fail=1
+test -d a && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/r-1.sh b/tests/rm/r-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8c9cc28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/r-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test "rm -r --verbose".
+
+# Copyright (C) 1997-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+mkdir a a/a || framework_failure_
+> b || framework_failure_
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+removed directory 'a/a'
+removed directory 'a'
+removed 'b'
+EOF
+
+rm --verbose -r a b > out || fail=1
+
+for d in $dirs; do
+  test -d $d && fail=1
+done
+
+# Compare expected and actual output.
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/r-2.sh b/tests/rm/r-2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8cd46b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/r-2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test "rm -r --verbose".
+
+# Copyright (C) 1997-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+mkdir t t/a t/a/b || framework_failure_
+> t/a/f || framework_failure_
+> t/a/b/g || framework_failure_
+
+# FIXME: if this fails, it's a framework failure
+cat <<\EOF | sort > t/E || framework_failure_
+removed directory 't/a'
+removed directory 't/a/b'
+removed 't/a/b/g'
+removed 't/a/f'
+EOF
+
+# Note that both the expected output (above) and the actual output lines
+# are sorted, because directory entries may be processed in arbitrary order.
+rm --verbose -r t/a | sort > t/O || fail=1
+
+if test -d t/a; then
+  fail=1
+fi
+
+# Compare expected and actual output.
+cmp t/E t/O || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/r-3.sh b/tests/rm/r-3.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b3feb61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/r-3.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Create and remove a directory with more than 254 files.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1997-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+# An early version of my rewritten rm failed to remove all of
+# the files on SunOS4 when there were 254 or more in a directory.
+
+# And the rm from coreutils-5.0 exposes the same problem when there
+# are 338 or more files in a directory on a Darwin-6.5 system
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+mkdir t || framework_failure_
+cd t || framework_failure_
+
+# Create 500 files (20 * 25).
+for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f g h i j; do
+  files=
+  for j in a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y; do
+    files="$files $i$j"
+  done
+  touch $files || framework_failure_
+done
+
+test -f 0a || framework_failure_
+test -f by || framework_failure_
+cd .. || framework_failure_
+
+rm -rf t || fail=1
+test -d t && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/r-4.sh b/tests/rm/r-4.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..94859f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/r-4.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Try to remove '.' and '..' recursively.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+mkdir d || framework_failure_
+touch d/a || framework_failure_
+
+# Expected error diagnostic as grep pattern.
+exp="^rm: refusing to remove '\.' or '\.\.' directory: skipping '.*'\$"
+
+rmtest()
+{
+  # Try removing - expecting failure.
+  rm -fr "$1" 2> err && fail=1
+
+  # Ensure the expected error diagnostic is output.
+  grep "$exp" err || { cat err; fail=1; }
+
+  return $fail
+}
+
+rmtest 'd/.'     || fail=1
+rmtest 'd/./'    || fail=1
+rmtest 'd/.////' || fail=1
+rmtest 'd/..'    || fail=1
+rmtest 'd/../'   || fail=1
+
+
+# This test is handled more carefully in r-root.sh
+# returns_ 1 rm -fr / 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+test -f d/a || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/r-root.sh b/tests/rm/r-root.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..742d7a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/r-root.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Try to remove '/' recursively.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+# POSIX mandates rm(1) to skip '/' arguments.  This test verifies this mandated
+# behavior as well as the --preserve-root and --no-preserve-root options.
+# Especially the latter case is a live fire exercise as rm(1) is supposed to
+# enter the unlinkat() system call.  Therefore, limit the risk as much
+# as possible -- if there's a bug this test would wipe the system out!
+
+# Faint-hearted: skip this test for the 'root' user.
+skip_if_root_
+
+# Pull the teeth from rm(1) by intercepting the unlinkat() system call via the
+# LD_PRELOAD environment variable.  This requires shared libraries to work.
+require_gcc_shared_
+
+# Ensure this variable is unset as it's
+# used later in the unlinkat() wrapper.
+unset CU_TEST_SKIP_EXIT
+
+# Set this to 0 if you don't have a working gdb but would
+# still like to run the test
+USE_GDB=1
+
+if test $USE_GDB = 1; then
+  # Use gdb to provide further protection by limiting calls to unlinkat().
+  ( timeout 10s gdb --version ) > gdb.out 2>&1
+  case $(cat gdb.out) in
+    *'GNU gdb'*) ;;
+    *) skip_ "can't run gdb";;
+  esac
+fi
+
+# Break on a line rather than a symbol, to cater for inline functions
+break_src="$abs_top_srcdir/src/remove.c"
+break_line=$(grep -n ^excise "$break_src") || framework_failure_
+break_line=$(echo "$break_line" | cut -d: -f1) || framework_failure_
+break_line="$break_src:$break_line"
+
+
+cat > k.c <<'EOF' || framework_failure_
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+int unlinkat (int dirfd, const char *pathname, int flags)
+{
+  /* Prove that LD_PRELOAD works: create the evidence file "x".  */
+  fclose (fopen ("x", "w"));
+
+  /* Immediately terminate, unless indicated otherwise.  */
+  if (! getenv("CU_TEST_SKIP_EXIT"))
+    _exit (0);
+
+  /* Pretend success.  */
+  return 0;
+}
+EOF
+
+# Then compile/link it:
+gcc_shared_ k.c k.so \
+  || framework_failure_ 'failed to build shared library'
+
+# Note breakpoint commands don't work in batch mode
+# https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=10079
+# So we use python to script behavior upon hitting the breakpoint
+cat > bp.py <<'EOF.py' || framework_failure_
+def breakpoint_handler (event):
+  if not isinstance(event, gdb.BreakpointEvent):
+    return
+  hit_count = event.breakpoints[0].hit_count
+  if hit_count == 1:
+    gdb.execute('shell touch excise.break')
+    gdb.execute('continue')
+  elif hit_count > 2:
+    gdb.write('breakpoint hit twice already')
+    gdb.execute('quit 1')
+  else:
+    gdb.execute('continue')
+
+gdb.events.stop.connect(breakpoint_handler)
+EOF.py
+
+# In order of the sed expressions below, this cleans:
+#
+# 1. gdb uses the full path when running rm, so remove the leading dirs.
+# 2. For some of the "/" synonyms, the error diagnostic slightly differs from
+# that of the basic "/" case (see gnulib's fts_open' and ROOT_DEV_INO_WARN):
+#   rm: it is dangerous to operate recursively on 'FILE' (same as '/')
+# Strip that part off for the following comparison.
+clean_rm_err_()
+{
+  sed "s/.*rm: /rm: /; \
+       s/\(rm: it is dangerous to operate recursively on\).*$/\1 '\/'/"
+}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# exercise_rm_r_root: shell function to test "rm -r '/'"
+# The caller must provide the FILE to remove as well as any options
+# which should be passed to 'rm'.
+# Paranoia mode on:
+# For the worst case where both rm(1) would fail to refuse to process the "/"
+# argument (in the cases without the --no-preserve-root option), and
+# intercepting the unlinkat(1) system call would fail (which actually already
+# has been proven to work above), and the current non root user has
+# write access to "/", limit the damage to the current file system via
+# the --one-file-system option.
+# Furthermore, run rm(1) via gdb that limits the number of unlinkat() calls.
+exercise_rm_r_root ()
+{
+  # Remove the evidence files; verify that.
+  rm -f x excise.break || framework_failure_
+  test -f x && framework_failure_
+  test -f excise.break && framework_failure_
+
+  local skip_exit=
+  if [ "$CU_TEST_SKIP_EXIT" = 1 ]; then
+    # Pass on this variable into 'rm's environment.
+    skip_exit='CU_TEST_SKIP_EXIT=1'
+  fi
+
+  if test $USE_GDB = 1; then
+    gdb -nx --batch-silent -return-child-result				\
+      --eval-command="set exec-wrapper					\
+                       env 'LD_PRELOAD=$LD_PRELOAD:./k.so' $skip_exit"	\
+      --eval-command="break '$break_line'"				\
+      --eval-command='source bp.py'					\
+      --eval-command="run -rv --one-file-system $*"			\
+      --eval-command='quit'						\
+      rm < /dev/null > out 2> err.t
+  else
+    touch excise.break
+    env LD_PRELOAD=$LD_PRELOAD:./k.so $skip_exit \
+      rm -rv --one-file-system $* < /dev/null > out 2> err.t
+  fi
+
+  ret=$?
+
+  clean_rm_err_ < err.t > err || ret=$?
+
+  return $ret
+}
+
+# Verify that "rm -r dir" basically works.
+mkdir   dir || framework_failure_
+rm -r   dir || framework_failure_
+test -d dir && framework_failure_
+
+# Now verify that intercepting unlinkat() works:
+# rm(1) must succeed as before, but this time both the evidence file "x"
+# and the test file / directory must still exist afterward.
+mkdir dir || framework_failure_
+> file    || framework_failure_
+
+skip=
+for file in dir file ; do
+  exercise_rm_r_root "$file" || skip=1
+  test -e "$file"            || skip=1
+  test -f x                  || skip=1
+  test -f excise.break       || skip=1  # gdb works and breakpoint hit
+  compare /dev/null err      || skip=1
+
+  test "$skip" = 1 \
+    && { cat out; cat err; \
+         skip_ "internal test failure: maybe LD_PRELOAD or gdb doesn't work?"; }
+done
+
+# "rm -r /" without --no-preserve-root should output the following
+# diagnostic error message.
+cat <<EOD > exp || framework_failure_
+rm: it is dangerous to operate recursively on '/'
+rm: use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe
+EOD
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Exercise "rm -r /" without and with the --preserve-root option.
+# Exercise various synonyms of "/" including symlinks to it.
+# Expect a non-Zero exit status.
+# Prepare a few symlinks to "/".
+ln -s /        rootlink  || framework_failure_
+ln -s rootlink rootlink2 || framework_failure_
+ln -sr /       rootlink3 || framework_failure_
+
+for opts in           \
+  '/'                 \
+  '--preserve-root /' \
+  '//'                \
+  '///'               \
+  '////'              \
+  'rootlink/'         \
+  'rootlink2/'        \
+  'rootlink3/'        ; do
+
+  returns_ 1 exercise_rm_r_root $opts || fail=1
+
+  # Expect nothing in 'out' and the above error diagnostic in 'err'.
+  # As rm(1) should have skipped the "/" argument, it does not call unlinkat().
+  # Therefore, the evidence file "x" should not exist.
+  compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+  compare exp       err || fail=1
+  test -f x             && fail=1
+
+  # Do nothing more if this test failed.
+  test $fail = 1 && { cat out; cat err; Exit $fail; }
+done
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Exercise with --no-preserve to ensure shortened equivalent is not allowed.
+cat <<EOD > exp_opt || framework_failure_
+rm: you may not abbreviate the --no-preserve-root option
+EOD
+returns_ 1 exercise_rm_r_root --no-preserve / || fail=1
+compare exp_opt err || fail=1
+test -f x && fail=1
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Exercise "rm -r file1 / file2".
+# Expect a non-Zero exit status representing failure to remove "/",
+# yet 'file1' and 'file2' should be removed.
+> file1 || framework_failure_
+> file2 || framework_failure_
+
+# Now that we know that 'rm' won't call the unlinkat() system function for "/",
+# we could probably execute it without the LD_PRELOAD'ed safety net.
+# Nevertheless, it's still better to use it for this test.
+# Tell the unlinkat() replacement function to not _exit(0) immediately
+# by setting the following variable.
+CU_TEST_SKIP_EXIT=1
+
+returns_ 1 exercise_rm_r_root --preserve-root file1 '/' file2 || fail=1
+
+unset CU_TEST_SKIP_EXIT
+
+cat <<EOD > out_removed
+removed 'file1'
+removed 'file2'
+EOD
+
+# The above error diagnostic should appear in 'err'.
+# Both 'file1' and 'file2' should be removed.  Simply verify that in the
+# "out" file, as the replacement unlinkat() dummy did not remove them.
+# Expect the evidence file "x" to exist.
+compare out_removed out || fail=1
+compare exp         err || fail=1
+test -f x               || fail=1
+
+# Do nothing more if this test failed.
+test $fail = 1 && { cat out; cat err; Exit $fail; }
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Exercise various synonyms of "/" having a trailing "." or ".." in the name.
+# This triggers another check in the code first and therefore leads to a
+# different diagnostic.  However, we want to test anyway to protect against
+# future reordering of the checks in the code.
+# Expect that other error diagnostic in 'err' and nothing in 'out'.
+# Expect a non-Zero exit status.  The evidence file "x" should not exist.
+for file in      \
+  '//.'          \
+  '/./'          \
+  '/.//'         \
+  '/../'         \
+  '/.././'       \
+  '/etc/..'      \
+  'rootlink/..'  \
+  'rootlink2/.'  \
+  'rootlink3/./' ; do
+
+  test -d "$file" || continue   # if e.g. /etc does not exist.
+
+  returns_ 1 exercise_rm_r_root --preserve-root "$file" || fail=1
+
+  grep "rm: refusing to remove '\.' or '\.\.' directory: skipping" err \
+    || fail=1
+
+  compare /dev/null out  || fail=1
+  test -f x              && fail=1
+
+  # Do nothing more if this test failed.
+  test $fail = 1 && { cat out; cat err; Exit $fail; }
+done
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Until now, it was all just fun.
+# Now exercise the --no-preserve-root option with which rm(1) should enter
+# the intercepted unlinkat() system call.
+# As the interception code terminates the process immediately via _exit(0),
+# the exit status should be 0.
+# Use the option --interactive=never to bypass the following prompt:
+#   "rm: descend into write-protected directory '/'?"
+exercise_rm_r_root  --interactive=never --no-preserve-root '/' \
+  || fail=1
+
+# The 'err' file should not contain the above error diagnostic.
+grep "rm: it is dangerous to operate recursively on '/'" err && fail=1
+
+# Instead, rm(1) should have called the intercepted unlinkat() function,
+# i.e., the evidence file "x" should exist.
+test -f x || fail=1
+
+test $fail = 1 && { cat out; cat err; }
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/read-only.sh b/tests/rm/read-only.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..adf5741
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/read-only.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that rm -f nonexistent-file-on-read-only-fs succeeds.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+require_root_
+
+cwd=$(pwd)
+cleanup_() { cd /; umount "$cwd/mnt"; }
+
+skip=0
+# Create a file system, then mount it.
+dd if=/dev/zero of=blob bs=8192 count=200 > /dev/null 2>&1 \
+                                             || skip=1
+mkdir mnt                                    || skip=1
+mkfs -t ext2 -F blob \
+  || skip_ "failed to create ext2 file system"
+
+mount -oloop blob mnt                        || skip=1
+echo test > mnt/f                            || skip=1
+test -s mnt/f                                || skip=1
+mount -o remount,loop,ro mnt                 || skip=1
+
+test $skip = 1 \
+  && skip_ "insufficient mount/ext2 support"
+
+# Applying rm -f to a nonexistent file on a read-only file system must succeed.
+rm -f mnt/no-such > out 2>&1 || fail=1
+# It must produce no diagnostic.
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+
+# However, trying to remove an existing file must fail.
+rm -f mnt/f > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+# with a diagnostic.
+compare /dev/null out && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/readdir-bug.sh b/tests/rm/readdir-bug.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..43fdc07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/readdir-bug.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise the Darwin/MacOS bug worked around on 2006-09-29,
+# whereby rm would fail to remove all entries in a directory.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+# Create a directory containing many files.
+# What counts is a combination of the number of files and
+# the lengths of their names.  For details, see
+# https://lists.gnu.org/r/bug-coreutils/2006-09/msg00326.html
+mkdir b || framework_failure_
+cd b || framework_failure_
+for i in $(seq 1 250); do
+  touch $(printf %040d $i) || framework_failure_
+done
+cd .. || framework_failure_
+
+
+# On a buggy system, this would fail with the diagnostic,
+# "cannot remove directory 'b': Directory not empty"
+rm -rf b  || fail=1
+
+test -d b && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/rm-readdir-fail.sh b/tests/rm/rm-readdir-fail.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..48d71f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/rm-readdir-fail.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test rm's behaviour when the directory cannot be read.
+# This test is skipped on systems that lack LD_PRELOAD support.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2016-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+require_gcc_shared_
+
+mkdir -p dir/notempty || framework_failure_
+
+# Simulate "readdir" failure.
+cat > k.c <<\EOF || framework_failure_
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+/* Setup so we don't have to worry about readdir64.  */
+#ifndef __LP64__
+# define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
+#endif
+
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+struct dirent *readdir (DIR *dirp)
+{
+  static int count = 1;
+
+#ifndef __LP64__
+  if (count == 1)
+    fclose (fopen ("32bit", "w"));
+  errno = ENOSYS;
+  return NULL;
+#endif
+
+  static struct dirent *(*real_readdir)(DIR *dirp);
+  if (! real_readdir && ! (real_readdir = dlsym (RTLD_NEXT, "readdir")))
+    {
+      fprintf (stderr, "Failed to find readdir()\n");
+      errno = ESRCH;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  struct dirent* d;
+  if (! (d = real_readdir (dirp)))
+    {
+      fprintf (stderr, "Failed to get dirent\n");
+      errno = ENOENT;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  /* Flag that LD_PRELOAD and above functions work.  */
+  if (count == 1)
+    fclose (fopen ("preloaded", "w"));
+
+  /* Return some entries to trigger partial read failure,
+     ensuring we don't return ignored '.' or '..'  */
+  char const *readdir_partial = getenv ("READDIR_PARTIAL");
+  if (readdir_partial && *readdir_partial && count <= 3)
+    {
+      count++;
+      d->d_name[0]='0'+count; d->d_name[1]='\0';
+#ifdef _DIRENT_HAVE_D_NAMLEN
+      d->d_namlen = 2;
+#endif
+      errno = 0;
+      return d;
+    };
+
+  /* Fail.  */
+  errno = ENOENT;
+  return NULL;
+}
+EOF
+
+# Then compile/link it:
+gcc_shared_ k.c k.so \
+  || framework_failure_ 'failed to build shared library'
+
+# Test if LD_PRELOAD works:
+export READDIR_PARTIAL
+for READDIR_PARTIAL in '' '1'; do
+  rm -f preloaded
+  (export LD_PRELOAD=$LD_PRELOAD:./k.so
+   returns_ 1 rm -Rf dir 2>>errt) || fail=1
+  if test -f 32bit; then
+    skip_ 'This test only supports 64 bit systems'
+  elif ! test -f preloaded; then
+    cat errt
+    skip_ "internal test failure: maybe LD_PRELOAD doesn't work?"
+  fi
+done
+
+# First case is failure to read any items from dir, then assume empty.
+# Generally that will be diagnosed when rm tries to rmdir().
+# Second case is more general error where we fail immediately
+# (with ENOENT in this case but it could be anything).
+cat <<EOF > exp
+rm: cannot remove 'dir'
+rm: traversal failed: dir
+EOF
+sed 's/\(rm:.*\):.*/\1/' errt > err || framework_failure_
+compare exp err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/rm1.sh b/tests/rm/rm1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f37138b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/rm1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# exercise another small part of remove.c
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+skip_if_root_
+
+mkdir -p b/a/p b/c b/d || framework_failure_
+chmod ug-w b/a || framework_failure_
+
+
+# This should fail.
+rm -rf b > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+rm: cannot remove directory 'b/a/p': Permission denied
+EOF
+
+# On some systems, rm doesn't have enough information to
+# say it's a directory.
+cat <<\EOF > exp2
+rm: cannot remove 'b/a/p': Permission denied
+EOF
+
+cmp out exp > /dev/null 2>&1 || {
+  cmp out exp2 || fail=1
+  }
+test $fail = 1 && compare exp out
+
+test -d b/a/p || fail=1
+test -d b/c && fail=1
+test -d b/d && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/rm2.sh b/tests/rm/rm2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..23a1d06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/rm2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# exercise another small part of remove.c
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+skip_if_root_
+
+mkdir -p a/0 || framework_failure_
+mkdir -p a/1/2 b/3 || framework_failure_
+mkdir a/2 a/3 || framework_failure_
+chmod u-x a/1 b || framework_failure_
+
+
+# Exercise two separate code paths -- though both result
+# in the same sort of diagnostic.
+# Both of these should fail.
+rm -rf a b > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+rm: cannot remove 'a/1': Permission denied
+rm: cannot remove 'b': Permission denied
+EOF
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp-solaris
+rm: cannot remove 'a/1/2': Permission denied
+rm: cannot remove 'b/3': Permission denied
+EOF
+
+cmp out exp > /dev/null 2>&1 \
+    || { cmp out exp-solaris > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1; }
+test $fail = 1 && compare exp out
+
+test -d a/0 && fail=1
+test -d a/1 || fail=1
+test -d a/2 && fail=1
+test -d a/3 && fail=1
+
+chmod u+x b
+test -d b/3 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/rm3.sh b/tests/rm/rm3.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8eb84bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/rm3.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# exercise another small part of remove.c
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+skip_if_root_
+
+mkdir -p z || framework_failure_
+cd z || framework_failure_
+touch empty empty-u || framework_failure_
+echo not-empty > fu
+ln -s empty-f slink
+ln -s . slinkdot
+mkdir d du || framework_failure_
+chmod u-w fu du empty-u || framework_failure_
+cd ..
+
+
+cat <<EOF > in || framework_failure_
+y
+y
+y
+y
+y
+y
+y
+y
+y
+EOF
+
+# Both of these should fail.
+rm -ir z < in > out 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# Given input like 'rm: ...? rm: ...? ' (no trailing newline),
+# the 'head...' part of the pipeline below removes the trailing space, so
+# that sed doesn't have to deal with a line lacking a terminating newline.
+# This avoids a bug whereby some vendor-provided (Tru64) versions of sed
+# would mistakenly tack a newline onto the end of the output.
+tr '?' '\n' < out | head --bytes=-1 | sed 's/^ //' |sort > o2
+mv o2 out || framework_failure_
+
+sort <<EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+rm: descend into directory 'z'
+rm: remove regular empty file 'z/empty'
+rm: remove write-protected regular file 'z/fu'
+rm: remove write-protected regular empty file 'z/empty-u'
+rm: remove symbolic link 'z/slink'
+rm: remove symbolic link 'z/slinkdot'
+rm: remove directory 'z/d'
+rm: remove write-protected directory 'z/du'
+rm: remove directory 'z'
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+test -d z && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/rm4.sh b/tests/rm/rm4.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ae08c98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/rm4.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that 'rm dir' fails without --recursive
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+skip_if_root_
+
+mkdir dir || framework_failure_
+
+
+# This should fail.
+returns_ 1 rm dir > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+test -d dir || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/rm5.sh b/tests/rm/rm5.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e7fd3ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/rm5.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# a basic test of rm -ri
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+skip_if_root_
+
+mkdir -p d/e || framework_failure_
+cat <<EOF > in || framework_failure_
+y
+y
+y
+EOF
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+rm: descend into directory 'd'
+rm: remove directory 'd/e'
+rm: remove directory 'd'
+EOF
+
+
+rm -ir d < in > out 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# Given input like 'rm: ...? rm: ...? ' (no trailing newline),
+# the 'head...' part of the pipeline below removes the trailing space, so
+# that sed doesn't have to deal with a line lacking a terminating newline.
+# This avoids a bug whereby some vendor-provided (Tru64) versions of sed
+# would mistakenly tack a newline onto the end of the output.
+tr '?' '\n' < out | head --bytes=-1 | sed 's/^ //' > o2
+mv o2 out
+
+# Make sure it's been removed.
+test -d d && fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/sunos-1.sh b/tests/rm/sunos-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..15e82e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/sunos-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure that rm -r '' fails.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1997-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+# On SunOS 4.1.3, running rm -r '' in a nonempty directory may
+# actually remove files with names of entries in the current directory
+# but relative to '/' rather than relative to the current directory.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+returns_ 1 rm -r '' > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/unread2.sh b/tests/rm/unread2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..50e809d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/unread2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# exercise one small part of remove.c
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+skip_if_root_
+
+mkdir -p a/b || framework_failure_
+chmod u-r a
+
+
+# This should fail.
+rm -rf a > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+rm: cannot remove 'a': Permission denied
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/unread3.sh b/tests/rm/unread3.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c1f2830
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/unread3.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that rm works even from an unreadable working directory.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+skip_if_root_
+
+mkdir -p a/1 b c d/2 e/3 || framework_failure_
+
+
+t=$(pwd)
+cd c
+chmod u=x,go= .
+
+# With coreutils-5.2.1, this would get a failed assertion.
+rm -r "$t/a" "$t/b" || fail=1
+
+# With coreutils-5.2.1, this would get the following:
+#   rm: cannot get current directory: Permission denied
+#   rm: failed to return to initial working directory: Bad file descriptor
+rm -r "$t/d" "$t/e" || fail=1
+
+test -d "$t/a" && fail=1
+test -d "$t/b" && fail=1
+test -d "$t/d" && fail=1
+test -d "$t/e" && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rm/unreadable.pl b/tests/rm/unreadable.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ae79620
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/unreadable.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# Test "rm" and unreadable directories.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use strict;
+
+(my $program_name = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
+
+# Turn off localization of executable's output.
+@ENV{qw(LANGUAGE LANG LC_ALL)} = ('C') x 3;
+
+my $d = "dir-$$";
+my $mkdir = {PRE => sub {mkdir $d,0100 or die "$d: $!\n"}};
+my $prog = 'rm';
+my $uid = $<;
+
+my @Tests =
+    (
+     # test-name options input expected-output
+     #
+     # Removing an empty, unwritable directory succeeds.
+     ['unreadable-1', '-rf', $d, {EXIT => 0}, $mkdir],
+
+     ['unreadable-2', '-rf', $d,
+      {EXIT => $uid == 0 ? 0 : 1},
+      {ERR => $uid == 0 ? ''
+                        : "$prog: cannot remove '$d': Permission denied\n"},
+      {PRE => sub { (mkdir $d,0700 and mkdir "$d/x",0700 and chmod 0100,$d)
+                    or die "$d: $!\n"}} ],
+    );
+
+my $save_temps = $ENV{SAVE_TEMPS};
+my $verbose = $ENV{VERBOSE};
+
+my $fail = run_tests ($program_name, $prog, \@Tests, $save_temps, $verbose);
+exit $fail;
diff --git a/tests/rm/v-slash.sh b/tests/rm/v-slash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6b82633
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rm/v-slash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# avoid extra slashes in --verbose output
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rm
+
+mkdir a || framework_failure_
+touch a/x || framework_failure_
+
+
+rm --verbose -r a/// > out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+removed 'a/x'
+removed directory 'a/'
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rmdir/fail-perm.sh b/tests/rmdir/fail-perm.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6bc29d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rmdir/fail-perm.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# For unwritable directory 'd', 'rmdir -p d d/e/f' would emit
+# diagnostics but would not fail.  Fixed in 5.1.2.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rmdir
+
+mkdir d d/e d/e/f || framework_failure_
+chmod a-w d || framework_failure_
+
+
+# This rmdir command outputs two diagnostics.
+# Before coreutils-5.1.2, it would mistakenly exit successfully.
+# As of coreutils-5.1.2, it fails, as required.
+returns_ 1 rmdir -p d d/e/f 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rmdir/ignore.sh b/tests/rmdir/ignore.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..49cf8a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rmdir/ignore.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure rmdir's --ignore-fail-on-non-empty option works
+
+# Copyright (C) 1999-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rmdir
+
+cwd=$(pwd)
+mkdir -p "$cwd/a/b/c" "$cwd/a/x" || framework_failure_
+
+rmdir -p --ignore-fail-on-non-empty "$cwd/a/b/c" || fail=1
+# $cwd/a/x should remain
+test -d "$cwd/a/x" || fail=1
+# $cwd/a/b and $cwd/a/b/c should be gone
+test -d "$cwd/a/b" && fail=1
+test -d "$cwd/a/b/c" && fail=1
+
+# Ensure that with --ignore-fail-on-non-empty, we still fail, e.g., for EPERM.
+# Between 6.11 and 8.31, the following rmdir would mistakenly succeed.
+mkdir -p x/y || framework_failure_
+chmod a-w x || framework_failure_
+
+if ! uid_is_privileged_; then  # root does not get EPERM.
+  returns_ 1 rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty x/y || fail=1
+fi
+
+test -d x/y || fail=1
+# Between 6.11 and 8.31, the following rmdir would mistakenly fail,
+# and also give a non descript error
+touch x/y/z || framework_failure_
+rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty x/y || fail=1
+test -d x/y || fail=1
+
+if ! uid_is_privileged_; then  # root does not get EPERM.
+  # assume empty dir if unreadable entries (so failure to remove diagnosed)
+  rm x/y/z || framework_failure_
+  chmod a-r x/y || framework_failure_
+  returns_ 1 rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty x/y || fail=1
+  test -d x/y || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rmdir/symlink-errors.sh b/tests/rmdir/symlink-errors.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..68f4479
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rmdir/symlink-errors.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure rmdir outputs clear errors in the presence of symlinks
+
+# Copyright (C) 2021-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rmdir
+
+mkdir dir || framework_failure_
+ln -s dir sl || framework_failure_
+ln -s missing dl || framework_failure_
+touch file || framework_failure_
+ln -s file fl || framework_failure_
+
+# Ensure a we maintain ENOTDIR so that we provide
+# accurate errors on systems on which rmdir(2) does following the symlink/
+returns_ 1 rmdir fl/ 2> err || fail=1
+# Ensure we diagnose symlink behavior.
+printf '%s\n' "rmdir: failed to remove 'fl/': Not a directory" > exp
+compare exp err || fail=1
+
+# Also ensure accurate errors from rmdir -p when traversing symlinks
+# Up to and including 8.32 rmdir would fail like:
+#   rmdir: failed to remove directory 'sl': Not a directory
+mkdir dir/dir2 || framework_failure_
+returns_ 1 rmdir -p sl/dir2 2> err || fail=1
+# Ensure we diagnose symlink behavior.
+printf '%s\n' "rmdir: failed to remove 'sl': Not a directory" > exp
+compare exp err || fail=1
+
+# Only perform the following on systems that don't follow the symlink
+if ! rmdir sl/ 2>/dev/null; then
+  # Up to and including 8.32 rmdir would fail like:
+  #   rmdir: failed to remove 'sl/': Not a directory
+  # That's inconsistent though as rm sl/ gives:
+  #   rm: cannot remove 'sl/': Is a directory
+  # Also this is inconsistent with other systems
+  # which do follow the symlink and rmdir the target.
+
+  new_error="rmdir: failed to remove '%s': Symbolic link not followed\\n"
+
+  # Ensure we diagnose symlink behavior.
+  returns_ 1 rmdir sl/ 2> err || fail=1
+  printf "$new_error" 'sl/' > exp || framework_failure_
+  compare exp err || fail=1
+
+  # Ensure a consistent diagnosis for dangling symlinks etc.
+  returns_ 1 rmdir dl/ 2> err || fail=1
+  printf "$new_error" 'dl/' > exp || framework_failure_
+  compare exp err || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/rmdir/t-slash.sh b/tests/rmdir/t-slash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..033fc40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rmdir/t-slash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure rmdir -p works on a directory specified with a trailing slash
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ rmdir
+
+mkdir dir || framework_failure_
+
+
+# Prior to coreutils-4.5.2, this would fail with the following:
+# rmdir: 'dir': No such file or directory
+rmdir -p dir/ || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/sample-test b/tests/sample-test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb4ef55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/sample-test
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# FIXME
+
+# Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ FIXME
+
+# FIXME: skip_if_root_
+# FIXME: require_root_
+
+# If used, these must *follow* init.sh.
+# FIXME: cleanup_() { rm -rf "$other_partition_tmpdir"; }
+# FIXME: . "$abs_srcdir/tests/other-fs-tmpdir"
+
+FIXME > out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+FIXME
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/seek-data-capable b/tests/seek-data-capable
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc63722
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/seek-data-capable
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import sys, os, errno, platform
+
+# Pass an _empty_ file
+if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+if not hasattr(os, 'SEEK_DATA'):
+    # Not available on python 2, or on darwin python 3
+    # Also Darwin swaps SEEK_DATA/SEEK_HOLE definitions
+    if platform.system() == "Darwin":
+        SEEK_DATA = 4
+    else:
+        SEEK_DATA = 3 # Valid on Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris
+else:
+    SEEK_DATA = os.SEEK_DATA
+
+# Even if os supports SEEK_DATA or SEEK_HOLE,
+# the file system may not, in which case it would report
+# current and eof positions respectively.
+# Therefore work with an empty file,
+# ensuring SEEK_DATA returns ENXIO (no more data)
+try:
+    fd = os.open(sys.argv[1], os.O_RDONLY)
+except:
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+try:
+    data = os.lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_DATA)
+except OSError as e:
+    if e.errno == errno.ENXIO:
+      sys.exit(0)
+
+sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/tests/split/additional-suffix.sh b/tests/split/additional-suffix.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8cc8179
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/split/additional-suffix.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# show that 'split --additional-suffix=SUFFIX' works.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ split
+
+printf '1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n' > in || framework_failure_
+
+split --lines=2 --additional-suffix=.txt in > out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp-1
+1
+2
+EOF
+cat <<\EOF > exp-2
+3
+4
+EOF
+cat <<\EOF > exp-3
+5
+EOF
+
+compare exp-1 xaa.txt || fail=1
+compare exp-2 xab.txt || fail=1
+compare exp-3 xac.txt || fail=1
+
+# Additional suffix must not contain slash
+returns_ 1 split --lines=2 --additional-suffix=a/b in 2>/dev/null >out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/split/b-chunk.sh b/tests/split/b-chunk.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4e7caf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/split/b-chunk.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# test splitting into 3 chunks
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ split
+
+# N can be greater than the file size
+# in which case no data is extracted, or empty files are written
+split -n 10 /dev/null || fail=1
+test "$(stat -c %s x* | uniq -c | sed 's/^ *//; s/ /x/')" = "10x0" || fail=1
+rm -f x??
+
+# When extracting K of N where N > file size
+# no data is extracted, and no files are written
+split -n 2/3 /dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 stat x?? 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+# Ensure --elide-empty-files is honored
+split -e -n 10 /dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 stat x?? 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+printf '1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n' > input || framework_failure_
+printf '1\n2' > exp-1 || framework_failure_
+printf '\n3\n' > exp-2 || framework_failure_
+printf '4\n5\n' > exp-3 || framework_failure_
+
+for file in input /proc/version /sys/kernel/profiling; do
+  test -f $file || continue
+
+  for blksize in 1 2 4096; do
+    if ! test "$file" = 'input'; then
+      # For /proc like files we must be able to read all
+      # into the internal buffer to be able to determine size.
+      test "$blksize" = 4096 || continue
+    fi
+
+    split -n 3 ---io-blksize=$blksize $file > out || fail=1
+    split -n 1/3 ---io-blksize=$blksize $file > b1 || fail=1
+    split -n 2/3 ---io-blksize=$blksize $file > b2 || fail=1
+    split -n 3/3 ---io-blksize=$blksize $file > b3 || fail=1
+
+    case $file in
+      input)
+        compare exp-1 xaa || fail=1
+        compare exp-2 xab || fail=1
+        compare exp-3 xac || fail=1
+        ;;
+    esac
+
+    compare xaa b1 || fail=1
+    compare xab b2 || fail=1
+    compare xac b3 || fail=1
+    cat xaa xab xac | compare - $file || fail=1
+    test -f xad && fail=1
+  done
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/split/fail.sh b/tests/split/fail.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3753495
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/split/fail.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# split must fail when given length/count of zero.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ split
+getlimits_
+
+touch in || framework_failure_
+
+
+split -a 0 in 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 split -b 0 in 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 split -C 0 in 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 split -l 0 in 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 split -n 0 in 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 split -n 1/0 in 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 split -n 0/1 in 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 split -n 2/1 in 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+
+# Make sure -C doesn't create empty files.
+rm -f x?? || fail=1
+echo x | split -C 1 || fail=1
+test -f xaa && test -f xab || fail=1
+test -f xac && fail=1
+
+# Make sure that the obsolete -N notation still works
+split -1 in 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+
+# Then make sure that -0 evokes a failure.
+returns_ 1 split -0 in 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+
+split --lines=$UINTMAX_MAX in || fail=1
+split --bytes=$OFF_T_MAX in || fail=1
+returns_ 1 split --line-bytes=$OFF_T_OFLOW 2> /dev/null in || fail=1
+returns_ 1 split --line-bytes=$SIZE_OFLOW 2> /dev/null in || fail=1
+if truncate -s$SIZE_OFLOW large; then
+  # Ensure we can split chunks of a large file on 32 bit hosts
+  split --number=$SIZE_OFLOW/$SIZE_OFLOW large >/dev/null || fail=1
+fi
+split --number=r/$UINTMAX_MAX/$UINTMAX_MAX </dev/null >/dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 split --number=r/$UINTMAX_OFLOW </dev/null 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+# Make sure that a huge obsolete option evokes the right failure.
+split -99999999999999999991 2> out
+
+# On losing systems (x86 Solaris 5.9 c89), we get a message like this:
+#   split: line count option -9999999999... is too large
+# while on most, we get this:
+#   split: line count option -99999999999999999991... is too large
+# so map them both to -99*.
+sed 's/99[19]*/99*/' out > out-t
+mv -f out-t out
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+split: line count option -99*... is too large
+EOF
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Make sure split fails when it can't read input
+# (the current directory in this case)
+if ! cat . >/dev/null; then
+  # can't read() directories
+  returns_ 1 split . || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/split/filter.sh b/tests/split/filter.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..66a93ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/split/filter.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise split's new --filter option.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ split
+require_sparse_support_ # for 'truncate --size=$LARGE'
+xz --version || skip_ 'xz required'
+
+for total_n_lines in 5 3000 20000; do
+  seq $total_n_lines > in || framework_failure_
+  for i in 2 51 598; do
+
+    # Don't create too many files/processes.
+    # Starting 10k (or even "only" 1500) processes would take a long time,
+    # and would provide little added benefit.
+    case $i:$total_n_lines in 2:5);; *) continue;; esac
+
+    split -l$i --filter='xz -1 > $FILE.xz' in out- || fail=1
+    xz -dc out-* > out || fail=1
+    compare in out || fail=1
+    rm -f out*
+  done
+  rm -f in
+done
+
+# Show how --elide-empty-files works with --filter:
+# split does not run the command (and effectively elides the file)
+# only when the output to that command would have been empty.
+split -e -n 10 --filter='xz > $FILE.xz' /dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 stat x?? 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+# Ensure this invalid combination is flagged
+returns_ 1 split -n 1/2 --filter='true' /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# Ensure SIGPIPEs sent by the children don't propagate back
+# where they would result in a non zero exit from split.
+yes | head -n200K | split -b1G --filter='head -c1 >/dev/null' || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that "endless" input is ignored when all filters finish
+for mode in '' 'r/'; do
+  in_file='-'
+  in_cmd='yes'
+  if test "$mode" = ''; then
+    in_file='zero.in'
+    in_cmd='true'
+    truncate -s10T "$FILE" || continue
+  fi
+  for N in 1 2; do
+    rm -f x??.n || framework_failure_
+    $in_cmd |
+     timeout 10 split --filter='head -c1 >$FILE.n' -n $mode$N $in_file || fail=1
+    # Also ensure we get appropriate output from each filter
+    seq 1 $N | tr '0-9' 1 > stat.exp
+    stat -c%s x??.n > stat.out || framework_failure_
+    compare stat.exp stat.out || fail=1
+  done
+done
+
+# Ensure that "endless" input _is_ processed for unbounded number of filters
+for buf in 1000 1000000; do
+  returns_ 124 timeout .5 sh -c \
+    "yes | split --filter='head -c1 >/dev/null' -b $buf" || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/split/guard-input.sh b/tests/split/guard-input.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..812b6a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/split/guard-input.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure split doesn't overwrite input with output.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ split
+
+seq 10 | tee exp-1 > xaa
+ln -s xaa in2
+ln xaa in3
+
+returns_ 1 split -C 6 xaa || fail=1
+returns_ 1 split -C 6 in2 || fail=1
+returns_ 1 split -C 6 in3 || fail=1
+returns_ 1 split -C 6 - < xaa || fail=1
+
+compare exp-1 xaa || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/split/l-chunk.sh b/tests/split/l-chunk.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0e9d236
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/split/l-chunk.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# test splitting into newline delineated chunks (-n l/...)
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ split
+
+# invalid number of chunks
+echo "split: invalid number of chunks: '1o'" > exp
+returns_ 1 split -n l/1o 2>err || fail=1
+compare exp err || fail=1
+
+echo "split: -: cannot determine file size" > exp
+: | returns_ 1 split -n l/1 2>err || fail=1
+compare exp err || fail=1
+
+# N can be greater than the file size
+# in which case no data is extracted, or empty files are written
+split -n l/10 /dev/null || fail=1
+test "$(stat -c %s x* | uniq -c | sed 's/^ *//; s/ /x/')" = "10x0" || fail=1
+rm x??
+
+# 'split' should reject any attempt to create an infinitely
+# long output file.
+returns_ 1 split -n l/2 /dev/zero || fail=1
+rm x??
+
+# Repeat the above,  but with 1/2, not l/2:
+returns_ 1 split -n 1/2 /dev/zero || fail=1
+rm x??
+
+# Ensure --elide-empty-files is honored
+split -e -n l/10 /dev/null || fail=1
+returns_ 1 stat x?? 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+# 80 bytes. ~ transformed to \n below
+lines=\
+12345~1~12345~1~12345~1~12345~1~12345~~~12345~1~12345~1~12345~1~12345~1~12345~1~
+
+printf "%s" "$lines" | tr '~' '\n' > in || framework_failure_
+
+echo "split: invalid chunk number: '16'" > exp
+returns_ 1 split -n l/16/15 in 2>err.t || fail=1
+sed "s/': .*/'/" < err.t > err || framework_failure_
+compare exp err || fail=1
+
+printf '%s' "\
+14 16 09 15 16 10
+14 08 08 10 14 08 08 10
+06 08 08 02 06 08 08 02 06 08 08 10
+06 08 02 06 08 00 08 02 06 08 02 06 08 00 10
+06 00 08 00 02 06 00 02 06 00 08 00 01 07 00 02 06 00 08 00 02 16
+" > exp || framework_failure_
+
+sed 's/00 *//g' exp > exp.elide_empty || framework_failure_
+
+DEBUGGING=
+test "$DEBUGGING" && test "$VERBOSE" && set +x
+for ELIDE_EMPTY in '' '-e'; do
+  for IO_BLKSIZE in 1 2 5 10 80 100; do
+    > out
+    test "$DEBUGGING" && printf "\n---io-blk-size=$IO_BLKSIZE $ELIDE_EMPTY\n"
+    for N in 6 8 12 15 22; do
+      rm -f x*
+
+      if test -z "$ELIDE_EMPTY"; then
+        split ---io-blksize=$IO_BLKSIZE -n l/2/$N in > chunk.k
+        returns_ 1 stat x* 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+      fi
+
+      split ---io-blksize=$IO_BLKSIZE $ELIDE_EMPTY -n l/$N in
+      echo $(stat -c "%02s" x*) >> out
+
+      if test -z "$ELIDE_EMPTY"; then
+        compare chunk.k xab || fail=1
+      fi
+
+      if test "$DEBUGGING"; then
+        # Output partition pattern
+        size=$(printf "%s" "$lines" | wc -c)
+        chunk_size=$(($size/$N))
+        end_size=$(($chunk_size + ($size % $N)))
+        {
+          yes "$(printf %${chunk_size}s ])" | head -n$(($N-1))
+          printf %${end_size}s ]
+        } | tr -d '\n' | sed "s/\\(^.\\{1,$size\\}\\).*/\\1/"
+        echo
+
+        # Output pattern generated for comparison
+        for s in $(stat -c "%s" x*); do
+          #s=0 transitions are not shown
+          test "$m" = "_" && m=- || m=_
+          printf "%${s}s" '' | tr ' ' $m
+        done
+        echo
+
+        # Output lines for reference
+        echo "$lines"
+      fi
+    done
+    test -z "$ELIDE_EMPTY" && EXP=exp || EXP=exp.elide_empty
+    compare out $EXP || fail=1
+  done
+done
+test "$DEBUGGING" && test "$VERBOSE" && set -x
+
+
+# Check extraction of particular chunks
+> out
+printf '1\n12345\n' > exp
+split -n l/13/15 in > out
+compare exp out || fail=1
+> out
+printf '' > exp
+split -n l/14/15 in > out
+compare exp out || fail=1
+> out
+printf '1\n12345\n1\n' > exp
+split -n l/15/15 in > out
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# test input with no \n at end
+printf '12\n34\n5' > in
+printf '5' > exp
+split -n l/7/7 in > out
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/split/line-bytes.sh b/tests/split/line-bytes.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c153000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/split/line-bytes.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# test -C, --lines-bytes
+
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ split
+
+vm=$(get_min_ulimit_v_ split -C 'K' /dev/null) \
+  || skip_ "this shell lacks ulimit support"
+
+# Ensure memory is not allocated up front
+(ulimit -v $vm && split -C 'G' /dev/null) || fail=1
+
+
+# Ensure correct operation with various split and buffer size combinations
+
+lines=\
+1~2222~3~4
+
+printf '%s' "$lines" | tr '~' '\n' > in || framework_failure_
+
+cat <<\EOF > splits_exp
+1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+2 2 2 1 2 1
+2 3 2 2 1
+2 4 3 1
+2 5 3
+2 5 3
+7 3
+7 3
+9 1
+9 1
+10
+EOF
+
+seq 0 9 | tr -d '\n' > no_eol_in
+
+cat <<\EOF > no_eol_splits_exp
+1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+2 2 2 2 2
+3 3 3 1
+4 4 2
+5 5
+6 4
+7 3
+8 2
+9 1
+10
+10
+EOF
+
+for b in $(seq 10); do
+  > splits
+  > no_eol_splits
+  for s in $(seq 11); do
+    rm x??
+    split ---io=$b -C$s in || fail=1
+    cat x* > out || framework_failure_
+    compare in out || fail=1
+    stat -c %s x* | paste -s -d ' ' >> splits
+
+    rm x??
+    split ---io=$b -C$s no_eol_in || fail=1
+    cat x* > out || framework_failure_
+    cat xaa
+    compare no_eol_in out || fail=1
+    stat -c %s x* | paste -s -d ' ' >> no_eol_splits
+  done
+  compare splits_exp splits || fail=1
+  compare no_eol_splits_exp no_eol_splits || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/split/lines.sh b/tests/split/lines.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8780a2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/split/lines.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# show that 'split --lines=2' works.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ split
+
+printf '1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n' > in || framework_failure_
+
+split --lines=2 in > out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp-1
+1
+2
+EOF
+cat <<\EOF > exp-2
+3
+4
+EOF
+cat <<\EOF > exp-3
+5
+EOF
+
+compare exp-1 xaa || fail=1
+compare exp-2 xab || fail=1
+compare exp-3 xac || fail=1
+test -f xad && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/split/numeric.sh b/tests/split/numeric.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..23edd14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/split/numeric.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test --{hex,numeric}-suffixes[=from]
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ split
+
+printf '1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n' > in || framework_failure_
+
+printf '%s\n' 1 2 > exp-0 || framework_failure_
+printf '%s\n' 3 4 > exp-1 || framework_failure_
+printf '%s\n' 5   > exp-2 || framework_failure_
+
+for mode in 'numeric' 'hex'; do
+
+  for start in 0 9; do
+    mode_option="--$mode-suffixes"
+    # check with and without specified start value
+    test $start != '0' && mode_option="$mode_option=$start"
+    split $mode_option --lines=2 in || fail=1
+
+    test $mode = 'hex' && format=x || format=d
+    for i in $(seq $start $(($start+2))); do
+      compare exp-$(($i-$start)) x$(printf %02$format $i) || fail=1
+    done
+  done
+
+  # Check that split failed when suffix length is not large enough for
+  # the numerical suffix start value
+  returns_ 1 split -a 3 --$mode-suffixes=1000 in 2>/dev/null || fail=1
+
+  # check invalid --$mode-suffixes start values are flagged
+  returns_ 1 split --$mode-suffixes=-1 in 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+  returns_ 1 split --$mode-suffixes=one in 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/split/r-chunk.sh b/tests/split/r-chunk.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a32b7ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/split/r-chunk.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# test splitting into round-robin chunks
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ split
+
+# N can be greater than the file size
+# in which case no data is extracted, or empty files are written
+split -n r/10 /dev/null || fail=1
+test "$(stat -c %s x* | uniq -c | sed 's/^ *//; s/ /x/')" = "10x0" || fail=1
+rm x??
+
+# Ensure --elide-empty-files is honored
+split -e -n r/10 /dev/null || fail=1
+stat x?? 2>/dev/null && fail=1
+
+printf '1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n' > in || framework_failure_
+
+split -n r/3 in > out || fail=1
+compare /dev/null out || fail=1
+
+split -n r/1/3 in > r1 || fail=1
+split -n r/2/3 in > r2 || fail=1
+split -n r/3/3 in > r3 || fail=1
+
+printf '1\n4\n' > exp-1
+printf '2\n5\n' > exp-2
+printf '3\n' > exp-3
+
+compare exp-1 xaa || fail=1
+compare exp-2 xab || fail=1
+compare exp-3 xac || fail=1
+compare exp-1 r1 || fail=1
+compare exp-2 r2 || fail=1
+compare exp-3 r3 || fail=1
+test -f xad && fail=1
+
+# Test input without trailing \n
+printf '1\n2\n3\n4\n5' | split -n r/2/3 > out
+printf '2\n5' > exp
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure we fall back to appending to a file at a time
+# if we hit the limit for the number of open files.
+rm x*
+(ulimit -n 20 && yes | head -n90 | split -n r/30 ) || fail=1
+test "$(stat -c %s x* | uniq -c | sed 's/^ *//; s/ /x/')" = "30x6" || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/split/record-sep.sh b/tests/split/record-sep.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f51e8fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/split/record-sep.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# test split with custom record separators
+
+# Copyright (C) 2015-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ split
+
+NL='
+'
+
+for sep in "$NL" '\0' ':'; do
+
+  test "$sep" = "$NL" && tr='\n' || tr="$sep"
+
+  for mode in '--lines=2' '--line-bytes=4' '--number=l/3' '--number=r/3'; do
+
+    # Generate in default mode for comparison
+    printf '1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n' > in || framework_failure_
+    split $mode in || fail=1
+    tr '\n' "$tr" < xaa > exp1
+    tr '\n' "$tr" < xab > exp2
+    tr '\n' "$tr" < xac > exp3
+
+    rm -f x??
+
+    # Generate output with specified --separator
+    printf '1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n' | tr '\n' "$tr" > in || framework_failure_
+    split $mode -t "$sep" in || fail=1
+
+    compare exp1 xaa || fail=1
+    compare exp2 xab || fail=1
+    compare exp3 xac || fail=1
+    test -f xad && fail=1
+  done
+
+done
+
+
+#
+# Test usage edge cases
+#
+
+# Should fail: '-t' requires an argument
+returns_ 1 split -t </dev/null ||
+  { warn_ "-t without argument did not trigger an error" ; fail=1 ; }
+
+# should fail: multi-character separator
+returns_ 1 split -txx </dev/null ||
+  { warn_ "-txx did not trigger an error" ; fail=1 ; }
+
+# should fail: different separators used
+returns_ 1 split -ta -tb </dev/null ||
+  { warn_ "-ta -tb did not trigger an error" ; fail=1 ; }
+
+# should fail: different separators used, including default
+returns_ 1 split -t"$NL" -tb </dev/null ||
+  { warn_ "-t\$NL -tb did not trigger an error" ; fail=1 ; }
+
+# should not fail: same separator used multiple times
+split -t: -t: </dev/null ||
+  { warn_ "-t: -t: triggered an error" ; fail=1 ; }
+
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/split/suffix-auto-length.sh b/tests/split/suffix-auto-length.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3f9378b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/split/suffix-auto-length.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test the suffix auto width functionality
+
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ split
+
+
+# ensure auto widening is off when start number specified
+truncate -s12 file.in || framework_failure_
+returns_ 1 split file.in -b1 --numeric=89 || fail=1
+test "$(ls -1 x* | wc -l)" = 11 || fail=1
+rm -f x*
+
+# ensure auto widening works when no start num specified
+truncate -s91 file.in || framework_failure_
+for prefix in 'x' 'xx' ''; do
+    for add_suffix in '.txt' ''; do
+      split file.in "$prefix" -b1 --numeric --additional-suffix="$add_suffix" \
+        || fail=1
+      test "$(ls -1 $prefix*[0-9]*$add_suffix | wc -l)" = 91 || fail=1
+      test -e "${prefix}89$add_suffix" || fail=1
+      test -e "${prefix}9000$add_suffix" || fail=1
+      rm -f $prefix*[0-9]*$add_suffix
+    done
+done
+
+# ensure auto width with --number and start num < number of files
+# That's the single run use case which is valid to adjust suffix len
+truncate -s100 file.in || framework_failure_
+split --numeric-suffixes=1 --number=r/100 file.in || fail=1
+rm -f x*
+
+# ensure no auto width with --number and start num >= number of files
+# That's the multi run use case which is invalid to adjust suffix len
+# as that would result in an incorrect order for the total output file set
+returns_ 1 split --numeric-suffixes=100 --number=r/100 file.in || fail=1
+
+# coreutils v8.24 - v8.31 inclusive would incorrectly auto calculate
+# a suffix length that was too small, when the number of files was
+# evenly divisible by the suffix base (10,16,26).
+truncate -s0 file.in || framework_failure_
+split --numeric-suffixes --number=110 file.in || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/split/suffix-length.sh b/tests/split/suffix-length.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bb2f9fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/split/suffix-length.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Show that split -a works.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ split
+
+a_z='a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z'
+
+# Generate a 27-byte file
+printf %s $a_z 0 |tr -d ' ' > in || framework_failure_
+
+files=
+for i in $a_z; do
+  files="${files}xa$i "
+done
+files="${files}xba"
+
+for f in $files; do
+  printf "creating file '%s'"'\n' $f
+done > exp || framework_failure_
+
+echo split: output file suffixes exhausted \
+  > exp-too-short || framework_failure_
+
+
+# This should fail.
+split -b 1 -a 1 in 2> err && fail=1
+test -f xa || fail=1
+test -f xz || fail=1
+test -f xaa && fail=1
+test -f xaz && fail=1
+rm -f x*
+compare exp-too-short err || fail=1
+
+# With a longer suffix, it must succeed.
+split --verbose -b 1 -a 2 in > err || fail=1
+compare exp err || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that xbb is *not* created.
+test -f xbb && fail=1
+
+# Ensure that the 27 others files *were* created, and with expected contents.
+n=1
+for f in $files; do
+  expected_byte=$(cut -b $n in)
+  b=$(cat $f) || fail=1
+  test "$b" = "$expected_byte" || fail=1
+  n=$(expr $n + 1)
+done
+
+# Ensure that -a is independent of -[bCl]
+split -a2 -b1000 < /dev/null || fail=1
+split -a2 -l1000 < /dev/null || fail=1
+split -a2 -C1000 < /dev/null || fail=1
+
+# Ensure that -a fails early with a -n that is too large
+rm -f x*
+returns_ 1 split -a2 -n1000 < /dev/null || fail=1
+test -f xaa && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/F-headers.sh b/tests/tail-2/F-headers.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e3b5c30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/F-headers.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure tail -F distinguishes output with the correct headers
+# Between coreutils 7.5 and 8.23 inclusive, 'tail -F ...' would
+# not output headers for or created/renamed files in certain cases.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2015-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+check_tail_output()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+  grep "$tail_re" out ||
+    { sleep $delay; return 1; }
+}
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+# Speedup the non inotify case
+fastpoll='-s.1 --max-unchanged-stats=1'
+
+for mode in '' '---disable-inotify'; do
+  rm -f a b out
+
+  tail $mode -F $fastpoll a b > out 2>&1 & pid=$!
+
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for tail to start.
+  tail_re="cannot open 'b'" retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { cat out; fail=1; }
+
+  echo x > a
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for a's header to appear in the output:
+  tail_re='==> a <==' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { echo "$0: a: unexpected delay?"; cat out; fail=1; }
+
+  echo y > b
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for b's header to appear in the output:
+  tail_re='==> b <==' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { echo "$0: b: unexpected delay?"; cat out; fail=1; }
+
+  cleanup_
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/F-vs-missing.sh b/tests/tail-2/F-vs-missing.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5612ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/F-vs-missing.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# demonstrate that tail -F works for currently missing dirs
+# Before coreutils-8.6, tail -F missing/file would not
+# notice any subsequent availability of the missing/file.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+check_tail_output()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+  grep "$tail_re" out > /dev/null ||
+    { sleep $delay; return 1; }
+}
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+# Speedup the non inotify case
+fastpoll='-s.1 --max-unchanged-stats=1'
+
+for mode in '' '---disable-inotify'; do
+  rm -rf out missing
+
+  tail $mode -F $fastpoll missing/file > out 2>&1 & pid=$!
+
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for tail to start with diagnostic:
+  # tail: cannot open 'missing/file' for reading: No such file or directory
+  tail_re='cannot open' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { cat out; fail=1; }
+
+  mkdir missing || framework_failure_
+  (cd missing && echo x > file) || framework_failure_
+
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for this to appear in the output:
+  # "tail: '...' has appeared;  following new file"
+  tail_re='has appeared' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { echo "$0: file: unexpected delay?"; cat out; fail=1; }
+
+  cleanup_
+done
+
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/F-vs-rename.sh b/tests/tail-2/F-vs-rename.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b0487f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/F-vs-rename.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Demonstrate that tail -F works when renaming the tailed files.
+# Between coreutils 7.5 and 8.2 inclusive, 'tail -F a b' would
+# stop tracking additions to b after 'mv a b'.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+check_tail_output() {
+  local delay="$1"
+  if [ "$tail_re" ]; then
+    grep "$tail_re" err ||
+      { sleep $delay; return 1; }
+  else
+    local tail_re="==> $file <==@$data@"
+    tr '\n' @ < out | grep "$tail_re" > /dev/null ||
+      { sleep $delay; return 1; }
+  fi
+  unset tail_re
+}
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+# Speedup the non inotify case
+fastpoll='-s.1 --max-unchanged-stats=1'
+
+for mode in '' '---disable-inotify'; do
+  rm -f a b out err
+  touch a b || framework_failure_
+
+  tail $mode -F $fastpoll a b >out 2>err & pid=$!
+
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for tail to start.
+  echo x > a
+  file=a data=x retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 || { cat out; fail=1; }
+
+  mv a b || framework_failure_
+
+  # Wait 12.7s for this diagnostic:
+  # tail: 'a' has become inaccessible: No such file or directory
+  tail_re='inaccessible' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { cat out; fail=1; }
+
+  # Wait 12.7s for this diagnostic:
+  # tail: 'b' has been replaced;  following new file
+  tail_re='replaced' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { cat out; fail=1; }
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for "x" to be displayed:
+  file='b' data='x' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { echo "$0: b: unexpected delay?"; cat out; fail=1; }
+
+  echo x2 > a
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for this to appear in the output:
+  # "tail: '...' has appeared;  following new file"
+  tail_re='has appeared' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { echo "$0: a: unexpected delay?"; cat out; fail=1; }
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for "x2" to be displayed:
+  file='a' data='x2' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { echo "$0: a: unexpected delay 2?"; cat out; fail=1; }
+
+  echo y >> b
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for "y" to appear in the output:
+  file='b' data='y' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { echo "$0: b: unexpected delay 2?"; cat out; fail=1; }
+
+  echo z >> a
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for "z" to appear in the output:
+  file='a' data='z' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { echo "$0: a: unexpected delay 3?"; cat out; fail=1; }
+
+  cleanup_
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/append-only.sh b/tests/tail-2/append-only.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e71a3ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/append-only.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that tail -f works on an append-only file
+# Requires root access to do chattr +a, as well as an ext[23] or xfs file system
+
+# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+require_root_
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+chattr_a_works=1
+touch f
+chattr +a f 2>/dev/null || chattr_a_works=0
+( echo x > f ) 2>/dev/null && chattr_a_works=0
+echo x >> f || chattr_a_works=0
+
+if test $chattr_a_works = 0; then
+  skip_ "chattr +a doesn't work on this file system"
+fi
+
+
+for mode in '' '---disable-inotify'; do
+  sleep 1 & pid=$!
+  tail --pid=$pid -f $mode f || fail=1
+  cleanup_
+done
+
+chattr -a f 2>/dev/null
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/assert-2.sh b/tests/tail-2/assert-2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ea5bea6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/assert-2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# This variant of 'assert' would get a Uninit Mem Read reliably in 2.0.9.
+# Due to a race condition in the test, the 'assert' script would get
+# the UMR on Solaris only some of the time, and not at all on Linux/GNU.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+check_tail_output()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+  grep "$tail_re" out ||
+    { sleep $delay; return 1; }
+}
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+# Speedup the non inotify case
+fastpoll='-s.1 --max-unchanged-stats=1'
+
+for mode in '' '---disable-inotify'; do
+  rm -f a foo out
+  touch a || framework_failure_
+
+  tail $mode $fastpoll -F a foo > out 2>&1 & pid=$!
+
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for tail to start.
+  echo x > a || framework_failure_
+  tail_re='^x$' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { cat out; fail=1; break; }
+
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for tail to notice new foo file
+  ok='ok ok ok'
+  echo "$ok" > foo || framework_failure_
+  tail_re="^$ok$" retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { echo "$0: foo: unexpected delay?"; cat out; fail=1; break; }
+
+  cleanup_
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/assert.sh b/tests/tail-2/assert.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..246a3b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/assert.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test for assertion failure in "test".
+
+# Copyright (C) 1999-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+# This test fails with tail from textutils-2.0.
+# It would get something like this:
+#   tail: tail.c:718: recheck: Assertion 'valid_file_spec (f)' failed.
+#   Aborted
+# due to a race condition in which a dev/inode pair is reused.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+check_tail_output()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+  grep "$tail_re" out ||
+    { sleep $delay; return 1; }
+}
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+# Speedup the non inotify case
+fastpoll='-s.1 --max-unchanged-stats=1'
+
+for mode in '' '---disable-inotify'; do
+  rm -f a foo out
+  touch a foo || framework_failure_
+
+  tail $mode --follow=name $fastpoll a foo > out 2>&1 & pid=$!
+
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for tail to start.
+  echo x > a || framework_failure_
+  tail_re='^x$' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { cat out; fail=1; break; }
+
+  # Wait 12.7s for this diagnostic:
+  # tail: foo: No such file or directory
+  rm foo || framework_failure_
+  tail_re='No such file' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { cat out; fail=1; break; }
+
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for tail to notice new foo file
+  ok='ok ok ok'
+  echo "$ok" > foo || framework_failure_
+  tail_re="^$ok$" retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { echo "$0: foo: unexpected delay?"; cat out; fail=1; break; }
+
+  cleanup_
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/big-4gb.sh b/tests/tail-2/big-4gb.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a6641d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/big-4gb.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Demonstrate a bug in 'tail -cN' when operating on files of size 4G and larger
+# Fixed in coreutils-4.5.2.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+expensive_
+
+# Create a file of size exactly 4GB (2^32) with 8 bytes
+# at the beginning and another set of 8 bytes at the end.
+# The rest will be NUL bytes.  On most modern systems, the following
+# creates a file that takes up only a few KB.  Here, du -sh says 16K.
+echo abcdefgh | tr -d '\n' > big || framework_failure_
+echo 87654321 | tr -d '\n' > tmp || framework_failure_
+# Seek 4GB - 8
+dd bs=1 seek=4294967288 if=tmp of=big 2> err || dd_failed=1
+if test "$dd_failed" = 1; then
+  cat err 1>&2
+  skip_ \
+'cannot create a file large enough for this test,
+possibly because this system does not support large files;
+Consider rerunning this test on a different file system.'
+fi
+
+
+tail -c1 big > out || fail=1
+# Append a newline.
+echo >> out
+cat <<\EOF > exp
+1
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/descriptor-vs-rename.sh b/tests/tail-2/descriptor-vs-rename.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4ed15fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/descriptor-vs-rename.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Demonstrate that tail -f works when renaming the tailed files.
+# Between coreutils 7.5 and 8.23 inclusive, 'tail -f a' would
+# stop tracking additions to b after 'mv a b'.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2015-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+check_tail_output()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+  grep "$tail_re" out ||
+    { sleep $delay; return 1; }
+}
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+# Speedup the non inotify case
+fastpoll='-s.1 --max-unchanged-stats=1'
+
+for mode in '' '---disable-inotify'; do
+  rm -f a out
+  touch a || framework_failure_
+
+  tail $mode $fastpoll -f a > out 2>&1 & pid=$!
+
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for tail to start.
+  echo x > a
+  tail_re='^x$' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 || { cat out; fail=1; }
+
+  mv a b || framework_failure_
+
+  echo y >> b
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for "y" to appear in the output:
+  tail_re='^y$' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 || { cat out; fail=1; }
+
+  cleanup_
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/end-of-device.sh b/tests/tail-2/end-of-device.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..59d7f7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/end-of-device.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that tail seeks to the end of a device
+
+# Copyright (C) 2017-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+# need write access to local device
+# (even though we don't actually write anything)
+require_root_
+require_local_dir_
+
+get_device_size() {
+  BLOCKDEV=blockdev
+  $BLOCKDEV -V >/dev/null 2>&1 || BLOCKDEV=/sbin/blockdev
+  $BLOCKDEV --getsize64 "$1"
+}
+
+# Get path to device the current dir is on.
+# Note df can only get fs size, not device size.
+device=$(df --output=source . | tail -n1) || framework_failure_
+
+dev_size=$(get_device_size "$device") ||
+  skip_ "failed to determine size of $device"
+
+tail_offset=$(expr $dev_size - 1023) ||
+  skip_ "failed to determine tail offset"
+
+timeout 10 tail -c 1024 "$device" > end1 || fail=1
+timeout 10 tail -c +"$tail_offset" "$device" > end2 || fail=1
+test $(wc -c < end1) = 1024 || fail=1
+cmp end1 end2 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/flush-initial.sh b/tests/tail-2/flush-initial.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fb9e79b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/flush-initial.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# inotify-based tail -f didn't flush its initial output before blocking
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+# Speedup the non inotify case
+fastpoll='-s.1 --max-unchanged-stats=1'
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+echo line > in || framework_failure_
+# Output should be buffered since we're writing to file
+# so we're depending on the flush to write out
+tail $fastpoll -f in > out & pid=$!
+
+# Wait for 3.1s for the file to be flushed.
+tail_flush()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+  sleep $delay
+  test -s out
+}
+retry_delay_ tail_flush .1 5 || fail=1
+
+cleanup_
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/follow-name.sh b/tests/tail-2/follow-name.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3ad7ce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/follow-name.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that --follow=name does not imply --retry
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+tail: cannot open 'no-such' for reading: No such file or directory
+tail: no files remaining
+EOF
+
+returns_ 1 timeout 10 tail --follow=name no-such > out 2> err || fail=1
+
+# Remove an inconsequential inotify warning so
+# we can compare against the above error
+sed '/inotify cannot be used/d' err > k && mv k err
+
+compare exp err || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/follow-stdin.sh b/tests/tail-2/follow-stdin.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7d3ff50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/follow-stdin.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test tail -f -
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+#################
+# tail -f - would fail with the initial inotify implementation
+
+check_tail_output()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+  grep "$tail_re" out ||
+    { sleep $delay; return 1; }
+}
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+# Speedup the non inotify case
+fastpoll='-s.1 --max-unchanged-stats=1'
+
+echo line > in || framework_failure_
+echo line > exp || framework_failure_
+
+for mode in '' '---disable-inotify'; do
+  > out || framework_failure_
+
+  tail $mode -f $fastpoll < in > out 2> err & pid=$!
+
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for output to appear:
+  tail_re='line' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { echo "$0: a: unexpected delay?"; cat out; fail=1; }
+
+  # Ensure there was no error output.
+  compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+  cleanup_
+done
+
+
+#################
+# Before coreutils-8.26 this would induce an UMR under UBSAN
+returns_ 1 timeout 10 tail -f - <&- 2>errt || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF >exp || framework_failure_
+tail: cannot fstat 'standard input'
+tail: error reading 'standard input'
+tail: no files remaining
+tail: -
+EOF
+sed 's/\(tail:.*\):.*/\1/' errt > err || framework_failure_
+compare exp err || fail=1
+
+
+#################
+# Before coreutils-8.28 this would erroneously issue a warning
+if tty -s </dev/tty && test -t 0; then
+  for input in '' '-' '/dev/tty'; do
+    returns_ 124 timeout 0.1 tail -f $input 2>err || fail=1
+    compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+  done
+
+  tail -f - /dev/null </dev/tty 2> out & pid=$!
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for output to appear:
+  tail_re='ineffective' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { cat out; fail=1; }
+  cleanup_
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/inotify-dir-recreate.sh b/tests/tail-2/inotify-dir-recreate.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1e743c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/inotify-dir-recreate.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Makes sure, inotify will switch to polling mode if directory
+# of the watched file was removed and recreated.
+# (...instead of getting stuck forever)
+
+# Copyright (C) 2017-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+grep '^#define HAVE_INOTIFY 1' "$CONFIG_HEADER" >/dev/null && is_local_dir_ . \
+  || skip_ 'inotify is not supported'
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+cleanup_fail_ ()
+{
+  warn_ $1
+  cleanup_
+  fail=1
+}
+
+# $check_re - string to be found
+# $check_f - file to be searched
+check_tail_output_ ()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+  grep $check_re $check_f > /dev/null ||
+    { sleep $delay ; return 1; }
+}
+
+grep_timeout_ ()
+{
+  check_re="$1"
+  check_f="$2"
+  retry_delay_ check_tail_output_ .1 5
+}
+
+# Prepare the file to be watched
+mkdir dir && echo 'inotify' > dir/file || framework_failure_
+
+#tail must print content of the file to stdout, verify
+timeout 60 tail --pid=$$ -F dir/file >out 2>&1 & pid=$!
+grep_timeout_ 'inotify' 'out' ||
+{ cleanup_fail_ 'file to be tailed does not exist'; }
+
+inotify_failed_re='inotify (resources exhausted|cannot be used)'
+grep -E "$inotify_failed_re" out &&
+  skip_ "inotify can't be used"
+
+# Remove the directory, should get the message about the deletion
+rm -r dir || framework_failure_
+grep_timeout_ 'polling' 'out' ||
+{ cleanup_fail_ 'tail did not switch to polling mode'; }
+
+# Recreate the dir, must get a message about recreation
+mkdir dir && touch dir/file || framework_failure_
+grep_timeout_ 'appeared' 'out' ||
+{ cleanup_fail_ 'previously removed file did not appear'; }
+
+cleanup_
+
+# Expected result for the whole process
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+inotify
+tail: 'dir/file' has become inaccessible: No such file or directory
+tail: directory containing watched file was removed
+tail: inotify cannot be used, reverting to polling
+tail: 'dir/file' has appeared;  following new file
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/inotify-hash-abuse.sh b/tests/tail-2/inotify-hash-abuse.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..88fc257
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/inotify-hash-abuse.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise an abort-inducing flaw in inotify-enabled tail -F.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+# 9 is a magic number, related to internal details of tail.c and hash.c
+n=9
+seq $n | xargs touch || framework_failure_
+
+check_tail_output()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+  grep "$tail_re" out > /dev/null ||
+    { sleep $delay; return 1; }
+}
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+# Speedup the non inotify case
+fastpoll='-s.1 --max-unchanged-stats=1'
+
+for mode in '' '---disable-inotify'; do
+  rm -f out
+
+  tail $mode $fastpoll -qF $(seq $n) > out 2>&1 & pid=$!
+
+  # Wait up to 12.7s for tail to start
+  echo x > $n
+  tail_re='^x$' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { cat out; fail=1; }
+
+  mv 1 f || framework_failure_
+
+  # Wait 12.7s for this diagnostic:
+  # tail: '1' has become inaccessible: No such file or directory
+  tail_re='inaccessible' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+    { cat out; fail=1; }
+
+  # Trigger the bug.  Before the fix, this would provoke the abort.
+  echo a > 1 || framework_failure_
+
+  # Wait up to 6.3s for the "tail: '1' has appeared; ..." message
+  # (or for the buggy tail to die)
+  tail_re='has appeared' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 6 ||
+    { cat out; fail=1; }
+
+  # Double check that tail hasn't aborted
+  kill -0 $pid || fail=1
+
+  cleanup_
+done
+
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/inotify-hash-abuse2.sh b/tests/tail-2/inotify-hash-abuse2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a7efab4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/inotify-hash-abuse2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise an abort-inducing flaw in inotify-enabled tail -F.
+# Like inotify-hash-abuse, but without a hard-coded "9".
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+# Speedup the non inotify case
+fastpoll='-s.1 --max-unchanged-stats=1'
+
+for mode in '' '---disable-inotify'; do
+  touch f || framework_failure_
+
+  tail $mode $fastpoll -F f & pid=$!
+
+  for i in $(seq 200); do
+    kill -0 $pid || break;
+    touch g
+    mv g f
+  done
+
+  # Ensure tail hasn't aborted
+  kill -0 $pid || fail=1
+
+  cleanup_
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/inotify-only-regular.sh b/tests/tail-2/inotify-only-regular.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..696ad60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/inotify-only-regular.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that tail -f only uses inotify for regular files or fifos
+
+# Copyright (C) 2017-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+grep '^#define HAVE_INOTIFY 1' "$CONFIG_HEADER" >/dev/null \
+  || skip_ 'inotify support required'
+
+require_strace_ 'inotify_add_watch'
+
+returns_ 124 timeout .1 strace -e inotify_add_watch -o strace.out \
+  tail -f /dev/null || fail=1
+
+grep 'inotify' strace.out && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/inotify-race.sh b/tests/tail-2/inotify-race.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..53a78bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/inotify-race.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that tail does not ignore data that is appended to a tailed-forever
+# file between tail's initial read-to-EOF, and when the inotify watches
+# are established in tail_forever_inotify.  That data could be ignored
+# indefinitely if no *other* data is appended, but it would be printed as
+# soon as any additional appended data is detected.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail sleep
+
+# Terminate any background gdb/tail process
+cleanup_() {
+  kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid
+  kill $sleep 2>/dev/null && wait $sleep
+}
+
+touch file || framework_failure_
+touch tail.out || framework_failure_
+
+( timeout 10s gdb --version ) > gdb.out 2>&1
+case $(cat gdb.out) in
+    *'GNU gdb'*) ;;
+    *) skip_ "can't run gdb";;
+esac
+
+# Break on a line rather than a symbol, to cater for inline functions
+break_src="$abs_top_srcdir/src/tail.c"
+break_line=$(grep -n ^tail_forever_inotify "$break_src") || framework_failure_
+break_line=$(echo "$break_line" | cut -d: -f1) || framework_failure_
+
+
+# Note we get tail to monitor a background sleep process
+# rather than using timeout(1), as timeout sends SIGCONT
+# signals to its monitored process, and gdb (7.9 at least)
+# has _intermittent_ issues with this.
+# Sending SIGCONT resulted in either delayed child termination,
+# or no child termination resulting in a hung test.
+# See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18364
+
+env sleep 10 & sleep=$!
+
+# See if gdb works and
+# tail_forever_inotify is compiled and run
+gdb -nx --batch-silent \
+    --eval-command="break $break_line"             \
+    --eval-command="run --pid=$sleep -f file"      \
+    --eval-command='quit'                          \
+    tail < /dev/null > gdb.out 2>&1
+
+kill $sleep || skip_ 'breakpoint not hit'
+wait $sleep
+
+# FIXME: The above is seen to _intermittently_ fail with:
+# warning: .dynamic section for "/lib/libc.so.6" is not at the expected address
+# warning: difference appears to be caused by prelink, adjusting expectations
+compare /dev/null gdb.out || skip_ "can't set breakpoints in tail"
+
+env sleep 10 & sleep=$!
+
+# Run "tail -f file", stopping to append a line just before
+# inotify initialization, and then continue.  Before the fix,
+# that just-appended line would never be output.
+gdb -nx --batch-silent \
+    --eval-command="break $break_line"             \
+    --eval-command="run --pid=$sleep -f file >> tail.out"       \
+    --eval-command='shell echo never-seen-with-tail-7.5 >> file' \
+    --eval-command='continue'                      \
+    --eval-command='quit'                          \
+    tail < /dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1 & pid=$!
+
+tail --pid=$pid -f tail.out | (read REPLY; kill $pid)
+
+# gdb has a bug in Debian's gdb-6.8-3 at least that causes it to not
+# cleanup and exit correctly when it receives a SIGTERM, but
+# killing sleep, should cause the tail process and thus gdb to exit.
+kill $sleep
+wait $sleep
+
+wait $pid
+
+compare /dev/null tail.out && fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/inotify-race2.sh b/tests/tail-2/inotify-race2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2c0dfe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/inotify-race2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that tail does not ignore a tailed-forever file that has been
+# replaced between tail's initial read-to-EOF, and when the inotify watches
+# are established in tail_forever_inotify.  That new file would be ignored
+# indefinitely.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2015-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail sleep
+
+# Terminate any background gdb/tail process
+cleanup_() {
+  kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid
+  kill $sleep 2>/dev/null && wait $sleep
+}
+
+touch file || framework_failure_
+touch tail.out || framework_failure_
+
+( timeout 10s gdb --version ) > gdb.out 2>&1
+case $(cat gdb.out) in
+    *'GNU gdb'*) ;;
+    *) skip_ "can't run gdb";;
+esac
+
+# Break on a line rather than a symbol, to cater for inline functions
+break_src="$abs_top_srcdir/src/tail.c"
+break_line=$(grep -n ^tail_forever_inotify "$break_src") || framework_failure_
+break_line=$(echo "$break_line" | cut -d: -f1) || framework_failure_
+
+
+# Note we get tail to monitor a background sleep process
+# rather than using timeout(1), as timeout sends SIGCONT
+# signals to its monitored process, and gdb (7.9 at least)
+# has _intermittent_ issues with this.
+# Sending SIGCONT resulted in either delayed child termination,
+# or no child termination resulting in a hung test.
+# See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18364
+
+env sleep 10 & sleep=$!
+
+# See if gdb works and
+# tail_forever_inotify is compiled and run
+gdb -nx --batch-silent \
+    --eval-command="break $break_line"             \
+    --eval-command="run --pid=$sleep -f file"      \
+    --eval-command='quit'                          \
+    tail < /dev/null > gdb.out 2>&1
+
+kill $sleep || skip_ 'breakpoint not hit'
+wait $sleep
+
+# FIXME: The above is seen to _intermittently_ fail with:
+# warning: .dynamic section for "/lib/libc.so.6" is not at the expected address
+# warning: difference appears to be caused by prelink, adjusting expectations
+compare /dev/null gdb.out || skip_ "can't set breakpoints in tail"
+
+env sleep 10 & sleep=$!
+
+echo never-seen-with-tail-8.23 > file.new || framework_failure_
+
+# Run "tail -F file", stopping to replace with a new file before
+# inotify initialization, and then continue.  Before the fix,
+# changes to the new file would effectively be ignored.
+gdb -nx --batch-silent \
+    --eval-command="break $break_line"             \
+    --eval-command="run --pid=$sleep -F file 2>tail.err >>tail.out"       \
+    --eval-command='shell mv file.new file'        \
+    --eval-command='continue'                      \
+    --eval-command='quit'                          \
+    tail < /dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1 & pid=$!
+
+# Note even updating the watched 'file' wouldn't have output
+# anything between coreutils 7.5 and 8.23 inclusive as
+# The old file descriptor (still held open by tail) was being fstat().
+
+tail --pid=$pid -f tail.out | (read REPLY; kill $pid)
+
+# gdb has a bug in Debian's gdb-6.8-3 at least that causes it to not
+# cleanup and exit correctly when it receives a SIGTERM, but
+# killing sleep, should cause the tail process and thus gdb to exit.
+kill $sleep
+wait $sleep
+
+wait $pid
+
+compare /dev/null tail.out && { cat tail.err; fail=1; }
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/inotify-rotate-resources.sh b/tests/tail-2/inotify-rotate-resources.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3dc69c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/inotify-rotate-resources.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that tail -F doesn't leak inotify resources
+
+# Copyright (C) 2015-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+# Inotify not used on remote file systems
+require_local_dir_
+
+grep '^#define HAVE_INOTIFY 1' "$CONFIG_HEADER" >/dev/null \
+  || skip_ 'inotify required'
+
+require_strace_ 'inotify_add_watch,inotify_rm_watch'
+
+check_tail_output()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+  grep "$tail_re" out > /dev/null ||
+    { sleep $delay; return 1; }
+}
+
+# Wait up to 25.5 seconds for grep REGEXP 'out' to succeed.
+grep_timeout() { tail_re="$1" retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 8; }
+
+check_strace()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+  grep "$strace_re" strace.out > /dev/null ||
+    { sleep $delay; return 1; }
+}
+
+cleanup_fail()
+{
+  cat out
+  warn_ $1
+  fail=1
+}
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+fastpoll='-s.1 --max-unchanged-stats=1'
+
+touch k || framework_failure_
+
+# Note the timeout guard isn't strictly necessary here,
+# however without it strace will ignore SIGTERM.
+# strace does always honor SIGTERM with the -I2 option,
+# though that's not available on RHEL6 for example.
+timeout 180 strace -e inotify_add_watch,inotify_rm_watch -o strace.out \
+  tail -F $fastpoll k >> out 2>&1 & pid=$!
+
+reverted_to_polling_=0
+for i in $(seq 2); do
+    echo $i
+
+    echo 'tailed' > k;
+
+    # Wait for watch on (new) file
+    strace_re='inotify_add_watch.*MODIFY' retry_delay_ check_strace .1 8 ||
+      no_watch_=1
+
+    # Assume this is not because we're leaking
+    # (resources may already be depleted)
+    # The explicit check for inotify_rm_watch should confirm that.
+    grep -F 'reverting to polling' out >/dev/null && skip_ 'inotify unused'
+
+    # Otherwise failure is unknown
+    test "$no_watch_" && { cat out; framework_failure_ 'no inotify_add_watch'; }
+
+    mv k k.tmp
+    # wait for tail to detect the rename
+    grep_timeout 'inaccessible' ||
+      { cleanup_fail 'failed to detect rename'; break; }
+
+    # Note we strace here rather than consuming all available watches
+    # to be more efficient, but more importantly avoid depleting resources.
+    # Note also available resources can currently be tuned with:
+    #  sudo sysctl -w fs.inotify.max_user_watches=$smallish_number
+    # However that impacts all processes for the current user, and also
+    # may not be supported in future, instead being auto scaled to RAM
+    # like the Linux epoll resources were.
+    if test "$i" -gt 1; then
+      strace_re='inotify_rm_watch' retry_delay_ check_strace .1 8 ||
+        { cleanup_fail 'failed to find inotify_rm_watch syscall'; break; }
+    fi
+
+    >out && >strace.out || framework_failure_ 'failed to reset output files'
+done
+
+cleanup_
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/inotify-rotate.sh b/tests/tail-2/inotify-rotate.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..34906be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/inotify-rotate.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that tail -F handles rotation
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+grep '^#define HAVE_INOTIFY 1' "$CONFIG_HEADER" >/dev/null \
+  || expensive_
+
+check_tail_output()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+  grep "$tail_re" out > /dev/null ||
+    { sleep $delay; return 1; }
+}
+
+# Wait up to 25.5 seconds for grep REGEXP 'out' to succeed.
+grep_timeout() { tail_re="$1" retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 8; }
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+cleanup_fail()
+{
+  cat out
+  warn_ $1
+  cleanup_
+  fail=1
+}
+
+# Speedup the non inotify case
+fastpoll='-s.1 --max-unchanged-stats=1'
+
+# Perform at least this many iterations, because on multi-core systems
+# the offending sequence of events can be surprisingly uncommon.
+# See: https://lists.gnu.org/r/bug-coreutils/2009-11/msg00213.html
+for i in $(seq 50); do
+    echo $i
+    rm -f k x out
+
+    # Normally less than a second is required here, but with heavy load
+    # and a lot of file system activity, even 20 seconds is insufficient, which
+    # leads to this timeout killing tail before the "ok" is written below.
+    >k && >x || framework_failure_ failed to initialize files
+    timeout 60 tail $fastpoll -F k > out 2>&1 & pid=$!
+
+    echo 'tailed' > k;
+    # wait for 'tailed' to appear in out
+    grep_timeout 'tailed' || { cleanup_fail 'failed to find "tailed"'; break; }
+
+    mv x k
+    # wait for tail to detect the rename
+    grep_timeout 'tail:' || { cleanup_fail 'failed to detect rename'; break; }
+
+    echo ok >> k
+    # wait for "ok" to appear in 'out'
+    grep_timeout 'ok' || { cleanup_fail 'failed to detect echoed ok'; break; }
+
+    cleanup_
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/overlay-headers.sh b/tests/tail-2/overlay-headers.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ddd7d6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/overlay-headers.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# inotify-based tail would output redundant headers for
+# overlapping inotify events while it was suspended
+
+# Copyright (C) 2017-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail sleep
+
+# Function to count number of lines from tail
+# while ignoring transient errors due to resource limits
+countlines_ ()
+{
+  grep -Ev 'inotify (resources exhausted|cannot be used)' out | wc -l
+}
+
+# Function to check the expected line count in 'out'.
+# Called via retry_delay_().  Sleep some time - see retry_delay_() - if the
+# line count is still smaller than expected.
+wait4lines_ ()
+{
+  local delay=$1
+  local elc=$2   # Expected line count.
+  [ "$(countlines_)" -ge "$elc" ] || { sleep $delay; return 1; }
+}
+
+# Speedup the non inotify case
+fastpoll='---dis -s.1 --max-unchanged-stats=1'
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() {
+  kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid;
+  kill $sleep 2>/dev/null && wait $sleep
+}
+
+echo start > file1 || framework_failure_
+echo start > file2 || framework_failure_
+
+# Use this as a way to gracefully terminate tail
+env sleep 20 & sleep=$!
+
+tail $fastpoll --pid=$sleep -f file1 file2 > out & pid=$!
+
+kill -0 $pid || fail=1
+
+# Wait for 5 initial lines
+retry_delay_ wait4lines_ .1 6 5 || fail=1
+
+# Suspend tail so single read() caters for multiple inotify events
+kill -STOP $pid || fail=1
+
+# Interleave writes to files to generate overlapping inotify events
+echo line >> file1 || framework_failure_
+echo line >> file2 || framework_failure_
+echo line >> file1 || framework_failure_
+echo line >> file2 || framework_failure_
+
+# Resume tail processing
+kill -CONT $pid || fail=1
+
+# Wait for 8 more lines
+retry_delay_ wait4lines_ .1 6 13 || fail=1
+
+kill $sleep && wait || framework_failure_
+
+test "$(countlines_)" = 13 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/pid.sh b/tests/tail-2/pid.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6e7936e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/pid.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test the --pid option of tail.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+getlimits_
+
+touch empty here || framework_failure_
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+for mode in '' '---disable-inotify'; do
+  # Use tail itself to create a background process to monitor,
+  # which will auto exit when "here" is removed.
+  tail -f $mode here & pid=$!
+
+  # Ensure that tail --pid=PID does not exit when PID is alive.
+  returns_ 124 timeout 1 tail -f -s.1 --pid=$pid $mode here || fail=1
+
+  cleanup_
+
+  # Ensure that tail --pid=PID exits with success status when PID is dead.
+  # Use an unlikely-to-be-live PID
+  timeout 10 tail -f -s.1 --pid=$PID_T_MAX $mode empty
+  ret=$?
+  test $ret = 124 && skip_ "pid $PID_T_MAX present or tail too slow"
+  test $ret = 0 || fail=1
+
+  # Ensure tail doesn't wait for data when PID is dead
+  returns_ 124 timeout 10 tail -f -s10 --pid=$PID_T_MAX $mode empty && fail=1
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/pipe-f.sh b/tests/tail-2/pipe-f.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4ca43a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/pipe-f.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that tail -f doesn't hang in various cases
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail test head
+trap_sigpipe_or_skip_
+
+# Speedup the non inotify case
+fastpoll='-s.1 --max-unchanged-stats=1'
+
+for mode in '' '---disable-inotify'; do
+# Ensure :|tail -f doesn't hang, per POSIX
+echo oo > exp || framework_failure_
+echo foo | timeout 10 tail -f $mode $fastpoll -c3 > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+==> standard input <==
+ar
+EOF
+echo bar | returns_ 1 \
+ timeout 10 tail -f $mode $fastpoll -c3 - missing > out || fail=1
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# This would wait indefinitely before v8.28 due to no EPIPE being
+# generated due to no data written after the first small amount.
+# Also check tail exits if SIGPIPE is being ignored.
+# Note 'trap - SIGPIPE' is ineffective if the initiating shell
+# has ignored SIGPIPE, but that's not the normal case.
+for disposition in '' '-'; do
+  (trap "$disposition" PIPE;
+   returns_ 124 timeout 10 \
+    tail -n2 -f $mode $fastpoll out && touch timed_out) |
+  head -n2 > out2
+  test -e timed_out && fail=1
+  compare exp out2 || fail=1
+  rm -f timed_out
+done
+
+# This would wait indefinitely before v8.28 (until first write)
+# test -w /dev/stdout is used to check that >&- is effective
+# which was seen not to be the case on NetBSD 7.1 / x86_64:
+if env test -w /dev/stdout >/dev/null &&
+   env test ! -w /dev/stdout >&-; then
+  (returns_ 1 timeout 10 tail -f $mode $fastpoll /dev/null >&-) || fail=1
+fi
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/pipe-f2.sh b/tests/tail-2/pipe-f2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7eae320
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/pipe-f2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that "tail -f fifo" tails indefinitely.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+mkfifo_or_skip_ fifo
+
+echo 1 > fifo &
+echo 1 > exp || framework_failure_
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+# Speedup the non inotify case
+fastpoll='-s.1 --max-unchanged-stats=1'
+
+timeout 10 tail $fastpoll -f fifo > out & pid=$!
+
+check_tail_output() { sleep $1; test -s out; }
+
+# Wait 12.7s for tail to write something.
+retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+# Ensure tail is still running
+kill -0 $pid || fail=1
+
+cleanup_
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/proc-ksyms.sh b/tests/tail-2/proc-ksyms.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1d3338b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/proc-ksyms.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Prior to textutils-2.0.17, 'tail /proc/ksyms' would segfault on Linux.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+
+ksyms=/proc/ksyms
+if test -r $ksyms; then
+  tail $ksyms > /dev/null || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/retry.sh b/tests/tail-2/retry.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..255a062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/retry.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Exercise tail's behavior regarding missing files with/without --retry.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+# Function to count number of lines from tail
+# while ignoring transient errors due to resource limits
+countlines_ ()
+{
+  grep -Ev 'inotify (resources exhausted|cannot be used)' out | wc -l
+}
+
+# Function to check the expected line count in 'out'.
+# Called via retry_delay_().  Sleep some time - see retry_delay_() - if the
+# line count is still smaller than expected.
+wait4lines_ ()
+{
+  local delay=$1
+  local elc=$2   # Expected line count.
+  [ "$(countlines_)" -ge "$elc" ] || { sleep $delay; return 1; }
+}
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+# Speedup the non inotify case
+fastpoll='-s.1 --max-unchanged-stats=1'
+
+# === Test:
+# Retry without --follow results in a warning.
+touch file
+tail --retry file > out 2>&1 || fail=1
+[ "$(countlines_)" = 1 ]                     || { cat out; fail=1; }
+grep -F 'tail: warning: --retry ignored' out || { cat out; fail=1; }
+
+# === Test:
+# The same with a missing file: expect error message and exit 1.
+returns_ 1 tail --retry missing > out 2>&1 || fail=1
+[ "$(countlines_)" = 2 ]                     || { cat out; fail=1; }
+grep -F 'tail: warning: --retry ignored' out || { cat out; fail=1; }
+
+for mode in '' '---disable-inotify'; do
+
+# === Test:
+# Ensure that "tail --retry --follow=name" waits for the file to appear.
+# Clear 'out' so that we can check its contents without races
+>out                            || framework_failure_
+timeout 10 \
+  tail $mode $fastpoll --follow=name --retry missing >out 2>&1 & pid=$!
+# Wait for "cannot open" error.
+retry_delay_ wait4lines_ .1 6 1 || { cat out; fail=1; }
+echo "X" > missing              || framework_failure_
+# Wait for the expected output.
+retry_delay_ wait4lines_ .1 6 3 || { cat out; fail=1; }
+cleanup_
+# Expect 3 lines in the output file.
+[ "$(countlines_)" = 3 ]   || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'cannot open' out  || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'has appeared' out || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep '^X$' out             || { fail=1; cat out; }
+rm -f missing out          || framework_failure_
+
+# === Test:
+# Ensure that "tail --retry --follow=descriptor" waits for the file to appear.
+# tail-8.21 failed at this (since the implementation of the inotify support).
+timeout 10 \
+  tail $mode $fastpoll --follow=descriptor --retry missing >out 2>&1 & pid=$!
+# Wait for "cannot open" error.
+retry_delay_ wait4lines_ .1 6 2 || { cat out; fail=1; }
+echo "X1" > missing             || framework_failure_
+# Wait for the expected output.
+retry_delay_ wait4lines_ .1 6 4 || { cat out; fail=1; }
+# Ensure truncation is detected
+# tail-8.25 failed at this (as assumed non file and went into blocking mode)
+echo "X" > missing             || framework_failure_
+retry_delay_ wait4lines_ .1 6 6 || { cat out; fail=1; }
+cleanup_
+[ "$(countlines_)" = 6 ]   || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'retry only effective for the initial open' out \
+                           || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'cannot open' out  || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'has appeared' out || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep '^X1$' out            || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'file truncated' out || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep '^X$' out            || { fail=1; cat out; }
+rm -f missing out          || framework_failure_
+
+# === Test:
+# Ensure that tail --follow=descriptor --retry exits when the file appears
+# untailable. Expect exit status 1.
+timeout 10 \
+  tail $mode $fastpoll --follow=descriptor --retry missing >out 2>&1 & pid=$!
+# Wait for "cannot open" error.
+retry_delay_ wait4lines_ .1 6 2 || { cat out; fail=1; }
+mkdir missing                   || framework_failure_  # Create untailable
+# Wait for the expected output.
+retry_delay_ wait4lines_ .1 6 4 || { cat out; fail=1; }
+wait $pid
+rc=$?
+[ "$(countlines_)" = 4 ]                       || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'retry only effective for the initial open' out \
+                                               || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'cannot open' out                      || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'replaced with an untailable file' out || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'no files remaining' out               || { fail=1; cat out; }
+[ $rc = 1 ]                                    || { fail=1; cat out; }
+rm -fd missing out                             || framework_failure_
+
+# === Test:
+# Ensure that --follow=descriptor (without --retry) does *not* try
+# to open a file after an initial fail, even when there are other
+# tailable files.  This was an issue in <= 8.25.
+touch existing || framework_failure_
+tail $mode $fastpoll --follow=descriptor missing existing >out 2>&1 & pid=$!
+retry_delay_ wait4lines_ .1 6 2  || { cat out; fail=1; }
+[ "$(countlines_)" = 2 ]         || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'cannot open' out        || { fail=1; cat out; }
+echo "Y" > missing               || framework_failure_
+echo "X" > existing              || framework_failure_
+retry_delay_ wait4lines_ .1 6 3  || { cat out; fail=1; }
+[ "$(countlines_)" = 3 ]         || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep '^X$' out                   || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep '^Y$' out                   && { fail=1; cat out; }
+cleanup_
+rm -f missing out existing       || framework_failure_
+
+# === Test:
+# Ensure that --follow=descriptor (without --retry) does *not wait* for the
+# file to appear.  Expect 2 lines in the output file ("cannot open" +
+# "no files remaining") and exit status 1.
+returns_ 1 tail $mode --follow=descriptor missing >out 2>&1 || fail=1
+[ "$(countlines_)" = 2 ]         || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'cannot open' out        || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'no files remaining' out || { fail=1; cat out; }
+rm -f out                        || framework_failure_
+
+# === Test:
+# Likewise for --follow=name (without --retry).
+returns_ 1 tail $mode --follow=name missing >out 2>&1 || fail=1
+[ "$(countlines_)" = 2 ]         || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'cannot open' out        || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'no files remaining' out || { fail=1; cat out; }
+rm -f out                        || framework_failure_
+
+# === Test:
+# Ensure that tail -F retries when the file is initially untailable.
+if ! cat . >/dev/null; then
+mkdir untailable || framework_failure_
+timeout 10 \
+  tail $mode $fastpoll -F untailable >out 2>&1 & pid=$!
+# Wait for "cannot follow" error.
+retry_delay_ wait4lines_ .1 6 2 || { cat out; fail=1; }
+{ rmdir untailable; echo foo > untailable; }   || framework_failure_
+# Wait for the expected output.
+retry_delay_ wait4lines_ .1 6 4 || { cat out; fail=1; }
+cleanup_
+[ "$(countlines_)" = 4 ]                       || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'cannot follow' out                    || { fail=1; cat out; }
+# The first is the common case, "has appeared" arises with slow rmdir.
+grep -E 'become accessible|has appeared' out   || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'giving up' out                        && { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'foo' out                              || { fail=1; cat out; }
+rm -fd untailable out                          || framework_failure_
+fi
+
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/start-middle.sh b/tests/tail-2/start-middle.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ee58e21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/start-middle.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Verify that tail works even when it's reading from a file
+# that is not at its beginning.  Based on a report from John Roll.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+(echo 1; echo 2) > k || framework_failure_
+
+
+sh -c 'read x; tail' < k > out || fail=1
+cat <<EOF > exp
+2
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/symlink.sh b/tests/tail-2/symlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..765d6db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/symlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure tail tracks symlinks properly.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+# Function to count number of lines from tail
+# while ignoring transient errors due to resource limits
+countlines_ ()
+{
+  grep -Ev 'inotify (resources exhausted|cannot be used)' out | wc -l
+}
+
+# Function to check the expected line count in 'out'.
+# Called via retry_delay_().  Sleep some time - see retry_delay_() - if the
+# line count is still smaller than expected.
+wait4lines_ ()
+{
+  local delay=$1
+  local elc=$2   # Expected line count.
+  [ "$(countlines_)" -ge "$elc" ] || { sleep $delay; return 1; }
+}
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+# speedup non inotify case
+fastpoll='-s.1 --max-unchanged-stats=1'
+
+# Ensure changing targets of cli specified symlinks are handled.
+# Prior to v8.22, inotify would fail to recognize changes in the targets.
+# Clear 'out' so that we can check its contents without races.
+>out                            || framework_failure_
+ln -nsf target symlink          || framework_failure_
+timeout 10 tail $fastpoll -F symlink >out 2>&1 & pid=$!
+# Wait for "cannot open..."
+retry_delay_ wait4lines_ .1 6 1 || { cat out; fail=1; }
+echo "X" > target               || framework_failure_
+# Wait for the expected output.
+retry_delay_ wait4lines_ .1 6 3 || { cat out; fail=1; }
+cleanup_
+# Expect 3 lines in the output file.
+[ "$(countlines_)" = 3 ]   || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'cannot open' out  || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'has appeared' out || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep '^X$' out             || { fail=1; cat out; }
+rm -f target out           || framework_failure_
+
+# Ensure we correctly handle the source symlink itself changing.
+# I.e., that we don't operate solely on the targets.
+# Clear 'out' so that we can check its contents without races.
+>out                            || framework_failure_
+echo "X1" > target1             || framework_failure_
+ln -nsf target1 symlink         || framework_failure_
+timeout 10 tail $fastpoll -F symlink >out 2>&1 & pid=$!
+# Wait for the expected output.
+retry_delay_ wait4lines_ .1 6 1 || { cat out; fail=1; }
+ln -nsf target2 symlink         || framework_failure_
+# Wait for "become inaccess..."
+retry_delay_ wait4lines_ .1 6 2 || { cat out; fail=1; }
+echo "X2" > target2             || framework_failure_
+# Wait for the expected output.
+retry_delay_ wait4lines_ .1 6 4 || { cat out; fail=1; }
+cleanup_
+# Expect 4 lines in the output file.
+[ "$(countlines_)" = 4 ]    || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'become inacce' out || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep -F 'has appeared' out  || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep '^X1$' out             || { fail=1; cat out; }
+grep '^X2$' out             || { fail=1; cat out; }
+rm -f target1 target2 out   || framework_failure_
+
+# Note other symlink edge cases are currently just diagnosed
+# rather than being handled.  I.e., if you specify a missing item,
+# or existing file that later change to a symlink, if inotify
+# is in use, you'll get a diagnostic saying that link will
+# no longer be tailed.
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/tail-c.sh b/tests/tail-2/tail-c.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..37f9e11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/tail-c.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# exercise tail -c
+
+# Copyright 2014-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+# Make sure it works on funny files in /proc and /sys.
+for file in /proc/version /sys/kernel/profiling; do
+  if test -r $file; then
+    cp -f $file copy &&
+    tail -c -1 copy > exp || framework_failure_
+
+    tail -c -1 $file > out || fail=1
+    compare exp out || fail=1
+  fi
+done
+
+# Make sure it works for pipes
+printf '123456' | tail -c3 > out || fail=1
+printf '456' > exp || framework_failure_
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/tail-n0f.sh b/tests/tail-2/tail-n0f.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b785076
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/tail-n0f.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure that 'tail -n0 -f' and 'tail -c0 -f' sleep
+# rather than doing what amounted to a busy-wait.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# This bug was fixed for 5.0.91
+# It skips the test if your system lacks a /proc/$pid/status
+# file, or if its contents don't look right.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+require_proc_pid_status_
+
+touch empty || framework_failure_
+echo anything > nonempty || framework_failure_
+
+# First verify that -[nc]0 without -f, exit without reading
+touch unreadable || framework_failure_
+chmod 0 unreadable || framework_failure_
+tail -c0 unreadable || fail=1
+tail -n0 unreadable || fail=1
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+for mode in '' '---disable-inotify'; do
+  for file in empty nonempty; do
+    for c_or_n in c n; do
+      tail --sleep=4 -${c_or_n} 0 -f $mode $file & pid=$!
+      tail_sleeping()
+      {
+        local delay="$1"; sleep $delay
+        state=$(get_process_status_ $pid)
+        case $state in
+          S*) ;;
+          *) return 1;;
+        esac
+      }
+      # Wait up to 1.5s for tail to sleep
+      retry_delay_ tail_sleeping .1 4 ||
+        { echo $0: process in unexpected state: $state >&2; fail=1; }
+      cleanup_
+    done
+  done
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/truncate.sh b/tests/tail-2/truncate.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4dbea9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/truncate.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure all logs are output upon file truncation
+
+# Copyright (C) 2015-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+check_tail_output()
+{
+  local delay="$1"
+  grep "$tail_re" out > /dev/null ||
+    { sleep $delay; return 1; }
+}
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+# Speedup the non inotify case
+fastpoll='-s.1 --max-unchanged-stats=1'
+
+for follow in '-f' '-F'; do
+  for mode in '' '---disable-inotify'; do
+    rm -f out
+    seq 10 > f || framework_failure_
+
+    tail $follow $mode $fastpoll f > out 2>&1 & pid=$!
+
+    # Wait up to 12.7s for tail to start
+    tail_re='^10$' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+      { cat out; fail=1; }
+
+    seq 11 15 > f || framework_failure_
+
+    # Wait up to 12.7s for new data
+    tail_re='^15$' retry_delay_ check_tail_output .1 7 ||
+      { cat out; fail=1; }
+
+    cleanup_
+  done
+done
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/tail-2/wait.sh b/tests/tail-2/wait.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e9fc1fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tail-2/wait.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure that 'tail -f' returns immediately if a file doesn't exist
+# while 'tail -F' waits for it to appear.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ tail
+
+grep '^#define HAVE_INOTIFY 1' "$CONFIG_HEADER" >/dev/null \
+  && HAVE_INOTIFY=1
+
+inotify_failed_re='inotify (resources exhausted|cannot be used)'
+
+touch here || framework_failure_
+{ touch unreadable && chmod a-r unreadable; } || framework_failure_
+
+# Terminate any background tail process
+cleanup_() { kill $pid 2>/dev/null && wait $pid; }
+
+# speedup non inotify case
+fastpoll='-s.1 --max-unchanged-stats=1'
+
+for mode in '' '---disable-inotify'; do
+  returns_ 124 timeout 10 tail $fastpoll -f $mode not_here && fail=1
+
+  if test ! -r unreadable; then # can't test this when root
+    returns_ 124 timeout 10 tail $fastpoll -f $mode unreadable && fail=1
+  fi
+
+  returns_ 124 timeout .1 tail $fastpoll -f $mode here 2>tail.err || fail=1
+
+  # 'tail -F' must wait in any case.
+
+  returns_ 124 timeout .1 tail $fastpoll -F $mode here 2>>tail.err || fail=1
+
+  if test ! -r unreadable; then # can't test this when root
+    returns_ 124 timeout .1 tail $fastpoll -F $mode unreadable || fail=1
+  fi
+
+  returns_ 124 timeout .1 tail $fastpoll -F $mode not_here || fail=1
+
+  grep -Ev "$inotify_failed_re" tail.err > x
+  mv x tail.err
+  compare /dev/null tail.err || fail=1
+  >tail.err
+done
+
+if test "$HAVE_INOTIFY" && test -z "$mode" && is_local_dir_ .; then
+  # Ensure -F never follows a descriptor after rename
+  # either with tiny or significant delays between operations
+  tail_F()
+  {
+    local delay="$1"
+
+    > k && > tail.out && > tail.err || framework_failure_
+    tail $fastpoll -F $mode k >tail.out 2>tail.err & pid=$!
+    sleep $delay
+    mv k l
+    sleep $delay
+    touch k
+    mv k l
+    sleep $delay
+    echo NO >> l
+    sleep $delay
+    cleanup_
+    rm -f k l
+
+    test -s tail.out \
+      && ! grep -E "$inotify_failed_re" tail.err >/dev/null
+  }
+
+  retry_delay_ tail_F 0 1 && { cat tail.out; fail=1; }
+  retry_delay_ tail_F .2 1 && { cat tail.out; fail=1; }
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/touch/60-seconds.sh b/tests/touch/60-seconds.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8b30a8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/touch/60-seconds.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# touch -t would mistakenly reject a time specifying "60" seconds
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ touch
+
+echo 60.000000000 > exp || framework_failure_
+
+
+# Before coreutils-7.7, this would fail, complaining of
+# an 'invalid date format'.  Specifying 60 seconds *is* valid.
+TZ=UTC0 touch -t 197001010000.60 f || fail=1
+
+stat --p='%.9Y\n' f > out || fail=1
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/touch/dangling-symlink.sh b/tests/touch/dangling-symlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2b34dd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/touch/dangling-symlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure touch can create a file through a dangling symlink.
+# This was broken in the 4.0[e-i] test releases.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1999-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ touch
+
+rm -f touch-target t-symlink
+ln -s touch-target t-symlink
+
+# This used to infloop.
+touch t-symlink || fail=1
+
+test -f touch-target || fail=1
+rm -f touch-target t-symlink
+
+if test $fail = 1; then
+  case $host_triplet in
+    *linux-gnu*)
+      case "$(uname -r)" in
+        2.3.9[0-9]*)
+          skip_ \
+'****************************************************
+WARNING!!!
+This version of the Linux kernel causes touch to fail
+when operating on dangling symlinks.
+****************************************************'
+          ;;
+      esac
+      ;;
+  esac
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/touch/dir-1.sh b/tests/touch/dir-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cb0e172
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/touch/dir-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure touch can operate on a directory.
+# This was broken in the 4.0[efg] test releases.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ touch
+
+touch . || fail=1
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/touch/empty-file.sh b/tests/touch/empty-file.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..908f268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/touch/empty-file.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure touch can set the mtime on an empty file.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+# Volker Borchert reported that touch 3.16r (and presumably all before that)
+# fails to work on SunOS 4.1.3 with 'most of the recommended patches' when
+# the empty file is on an NFS-mounted 4.2 volume.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ touch
+
+DEFAULT_SLEEP_SECONDS=2
+SLEEP_SECONDS=${SLEEP_SECONDS=$DEFAULT_SLEEP_SECONDS}
+
+
+# FIXME: find writable directories on other partitions
+# and run the test in those directories, too.
+
+: ${TOUCH_DIR_LIST=.}
+
+
+for d in $TOUCH_DIR_LIST; do
+  rm -rf $d/a $d/b $d/c
+  > $d/a || framework_failure_
+  test -f $d/a || framework_failure_
+  > $d/b || framework_failure_
+  test -f $d/b || framework_failure_
+  > $d/c || framework_failure_
+  test -f $d/c || framework_failure_
+done
+
+echo sleeping for $SLEEP_SECONDS seconds...
+sleep $SLEEP_SECONDS
+for d in $TOUCH_DIR_LIST; do
+  touch $d/a || fail=1
+  set x $(ls -t $d/a $d/b)
+  test "$*" = "x $d/a $d/b" || fail=1
+done
+
+echo sleeping for $SLEEP_SECONDS seconds...
+sleep $SLEEP_SECONDS
+for d in $TOUCH_DIR_LIST; do
+  touch $d/b
+  set x $(ls -t $d/a $d/b)
+  test "$*" = "x $d/b $d/a" || fail=1
+
+  if touch - 1< $d/c 2> /dev/null; then
+    set x $(ls -t $d/a $d/c)
+    test "$*" = "x $d/c $d/a" || fail=1
+  fi
+
+  rm -rf $d/a $d/b $d/c
+done
+
+if test $fail != 0; then
+  cat 1>&2 <<EOF
+*** This test has just failed.  That can happen when the test is run in an
+*** NFS-mounted directory on a system whose clock is not well synchronized
+*** with that of the NFS server.  If you think that is the reason, set the
+*** environment variable SLEEP_SECONDS to some number of seconds larger than
+*** the default of $DEFAULT_SLEEP_SECONDS and rerun the test.
+EOF
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/touch/fail-diag.sh b/tests/touch/fail-diag.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7678440
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/touch/fail-diag.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# make sure touch gives reasonable diagnostics
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ touch
+skip_if_root_
+
+file=/no-such-dir/file
+
+touch $file > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+cat <<EOF > exp
+touch: cannot touch '$file': No such file or directory
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/touch/fifo.sh b/tests/touch/fifo.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0129c3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/touch/fifo.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure touch works on fifos without hanging.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ touch
+
+mkfifo_or_skip_ fifo
+
+
+touch fifo || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/touch/no-create-missing.sh b/tests/touch/no-create-missing.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bc4bddf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/touch/no-create-missing.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that touch -c no-such-file no longer fails (it did in 4.1.8).
+
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ touch test
+
+
+touch -c no-file > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+touch -cm no-file > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+touch -ca no-file > /dev/null 2>&1 || fail=1
+
+# If >&- works, test "touch -c -" etc.
+# >&- apparently does not work in HP-UX 11.23.
+# This test is ineffective unless /dev/stdout also works.
+if env test -w /dev/stdout >/dev/null &&
+   env test ! -w /dev/stdout >&-; then
+  touch -c - >&- 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+  touch -cm - >&- 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+  touch -ca - >&- 2> /dev/null || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/touch/no-dereference.sh b/tests/touch/no-dereference.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5249d62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/touch/no-dereference.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that touch -h works.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ touch test
+
+ln -s nowhere dangling || framework_failure_
+touch file || framework_failure_
+ln -s file link || framework_failure_
+
+
+# These first tests should work on every platform.
+# -h does not create files, but it warns.  Use -c to silence warning.
+returns_ 1 touch -h no-file 2> err || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err && fail=1
+touch -h -c no-file 2> err || fail=1
+compare /dev/null err || fail=1
+
+# -h works on regular files
+touch -h file || fail=1
+
+# -h coupled with -r uses timestamp of the symlink, not the referent.
+touch -h -r dangling file || fail=1
+test -f nowhere && fail=1
+
+# The remaining tests of -h require kernel support for changing symlink times.
+grep '^#define HAVE_UTIMENSAT 1' "$CONFIG_HEADER" > /dev/null ||
+grep '^#define HAVE_LUTIMES 1' "$CONFIG_HEADER" > /dev/null ||
+  skip_ 'this system lacks the utimensat function'
+
+# Changing time of dangling symlink is okay.
+# Skip the test if this fails, but the error text corresponds to
+# ENOSYS (possible with old kernel but new glibc).
+touch -h dangling 2> err
+case $? in
+  0) test -f nowhere && fail=1
+     compare /dev/null err || fail=1;;
+  1) grep 'Function not implemented' err \
+       && skip_ 'this system lacks the utimensat function'
+     fail=1;;
+  *) fail=1;;
+esac
+
+# Change the mtime of a symlink.
+touch -m -h -d 2009-10-10 link || fail=1
+case $(stat --format=%y link) in
+  2009-10-10*) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+case $(stat --format=%y file) in
+  2009-10-10*) fail=1;;
+esac
+
+# Test interactions with -.
+touch -h - > file || fail=1
+
+# If >&- works, test "touch -ch -" etc.
+# >&- apparently does not work in HP-UX 11.23.
+# This test is ineffective unless /dev/stdout also works.
+# If stdout is open, it is not a symlink.
+if env test -w /dev/stdout >/dev/null &&
+   env test ! -w /dev/stdout >&-; then
+  returns_ 1 touch -h - >&- || fail=1
+  touch -h -c - >&- || fail=1
+fi
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/touch/no-rights.sh b/tests/touch/no-rights.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3cf387d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/touch/no-rights.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure touch can update the times on a file that is neither
+# readable nor writable.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1999-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ touch
+
+# Make sure t2 is newer than t1.
+touch -d '2000-01-01 00:00' t1 || framework_failure_
+touch -d '2000-01-02 00:00' t2 || framework_failure_
+
+set x $(ls -t t1 t2)
+test "$*" = "x t2 t1" || framework_failure_
+
+
+chmod 0 t1
+touch -d '2000-01-03 00:00' -c t1 || fail=1
+
+set x $(ls -t t1 t2)
+test "$*" = "x t1 t2" || fail=1
+
+# Also test the combination of --no-create and -a.
+touch -a --no-create t1 || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/touch/not-owner.sh b/tests/touch/not-owner.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fddf4fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/touch/not-owner.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Make sure that touch gives reasonable diagnostics when applied
+# to an unwritable directory owned by some other user.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ touch
+
+if env -- test -w /; then
+  skip_ you have write access to /.
+fi
+
+if env -- test -O / || env -- test -G /; then
+  skip_ "you own /."
+fi
+
+skip_if_root_
+
+
+# Before fileutils-4.1, we'd get the following misleading
+# diagnostic instead of '...: Permission denied'.
+# touch: creating '/': Is a directory
+touch / > out 2>&1 && fail=1
+
+# On SunOS4, EPERM is 'Not owner'.
+# On some *BSD systems it's 'Operation not permitted'.
+# On a system where root file system is mounted read-only
+# it's 'Read-only file system'.
+for msg in 'Not owner' 'Operation not permitted' 'Permission denied' \
+           'Read-only file system'; do
+  cat > exp <<EOF
+touch: setting times of '/': $msg
+EOF
+
+  cmp out exp > /dev/null 2>&1 && { match=1; break; }
+done
+test "$match" = 1 || fail=1
+
+test $fail = 1 && compare exp out
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/touch/now-owned-by-other.sh b/tests/touch/now-owned-by-other.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6d307a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/touch/now-owned-by-other.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Demonstrate that "touch -d now writable-but-owned-by-other" works.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ touch
+require_root_
+
+# Create a file owned by root, and writable by $NON_ROOT_USERNAME.
+echo > root-owned || framework_failure_
+chgrp +$NON_ROOT_GID . root-owned || framework_failure_
+chmod g+w root-owned
+
+# Ensure that the current directory is searchable by $NON_ROOT_USERNAME.
+chmod g+x .
+
+chroot --skip-chdir --user=$NON_ROOT_USERNAME / env PATH="$PATH" \
+  touch -d now root-owned || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/touch/obsolescent.sh b/tests/touch/obsolescent.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..86de203
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/touch/obsolescent.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Test touch with obsolescent 8- or 10-digit timestamps.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ touch
+
+_POSIX2_VERSION=199209; export _POSIX2_VERSION
+POSIXLY_CORRECT=1; export POSIXLY_CORRECT
+
+
+yearstart=01010000
+
+for ones in 11111111 1111111111; do
+  for args in $ones "-- $ones" "$yearstart $ones" "-- $yearstart $ones"; do
+    touch $args || fail=1
+    test -f $ones || fail=1
+    test -f $yearstart && fail=1
+    rm -f $ones || fail=1
+  done
+done
+
+y2000=0101000000
+rm -f $y2000 file || fail=1
+touch $y2000 file && test -f $y2000 && test -f file || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/touch/read-only.sh b/tests/touch/read-only.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..88b23ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/touch/read-only.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ensure that touch can operate on read-only files
+
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ touch
+skip_if_root_
+
+> read-only || framework_failure_
+chmod 444 read-only || framework_failure_
+
+
+touch read-only || fail=1
+
+touch - 1< read-only 2> /dev/null && { test ! -f - || fail=1; }
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/touch/relative.sh b/tests/touch/relative.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6643a1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/touch/relative.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Demonstrate using a combination of --reference and --date to
+# set the time of a file back by an arbitrary amount.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ touch
+
+TZ=UTC0 touch --date='2004-01-16 12:00 +0000' f || framework_failure_
+
+
+# Set times back by 5 days.
+touch --ref f --date='-5 days' f || fail=1
+
+TZ=UTC0 ls -og --time-style=+%Y-%m-%d f > out.1 || fail=1
+sed 's/ f$//;s/.* //' out.1 > out
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp || framework_failure_
+2004-01-11
+EOF
+
+compare exp out || fail=1
+
+Exit $fail
diff --git a/tests/touch/trailing-slash.sh b/tests/touch/trailing-slash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9f4b29e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/touch/trailing-slash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Ensure that touch honors trailing slash.
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+. "${srcdir=.}/tests/init.sh"; path_prepend_ ./src
+print_ver_ touch
+
+ln -s nowhere dangling || framework_failure_
+ln -s loop loop || framework_failure_
+touch file || framework_failure_
+ln -s file link1 || framework_failure_
+mkdir dir || framework_failure_
+ln -s dir link2 || framework_failure_
+
+
+# Trailing slash can only appear on directory or symlink-to-directory.
+# Up through coreutils 8.0, Solaris 9 failed these tests.
+returns_ 1 touch no-file/ || fail=1
+returns_ 1 touch file/ || fail=1
+returns_ 1 touch dangling/ || fail=1
+returns_ 1 touch loop/ || fail=1
+if returns_ 2 ls link1/; then  # darwin allows trailing slash to files
+  returns_ 1 touch link1/ || fail=1
+fi
+touch dir/ || fail=1
+
+# -c silences ENOENT, but not ENOTDIR or ELOOP
+touch -c no-file/ || fail=1
+returns_ 1 touch -c file/ || fail=1
+touch -c dangling/ || fail=1
+returns_ 1 touch -c loop/ || fail=1
+if returns_ 2 ls link1/; then
+  returns_ 1 touch -c link1/ || fail=1
+fi
+touch -c dir/ || fail=1
+returns_ 1 test -f no-file || fail=1
+returns_ 1 test -f nowhere || fail=1
+
+# Trailing slash dereferences a symlink, even with -h.
+# mtime is sufficient to show pass (besides, lstat changes atime of
+# symlinks and directories under Cygwin 1.5).
+touch -d 2009-10-10 -h link2/ || fail=1
+touch -h -r link2/ file || fail=1
+case $(stat --format=%y dir) in
+  2009-10-10*) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+case $(stat --format=%y link2) in
+  2009-10-10*) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+case $(stat --format=%y file) in
+  2009-10-10*) ;;
+  *) fail=1 ;;
+esac
+
+Exit $fail