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diff --git a/misc/fsck.8.in b/misc/fsck.8.in new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1890df --- /dev/null +++ b/misc/fsck.8.in @@ -0,0 +1,414 @@ +.\" -*- nroff -*- +.\" Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved. +.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License. +.\" +.TH FSCK 8 "@E2FSPROGS_MONTH@ @E2FSPROGS_YEAR@" "E2fsprogs version @E2FSPROGS_VERSION@" +.SH NAME +fsck \- check and repair a Linux file system +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B fsck +[ +.B \-sAVRTMNP +] +[ +.B \-C +[ +.I fd +] +] +[ +.B \-t +.I fstype +] +.I [filesys ... ] +[\-\-] [ +.B fs-specific-options +] +.SH DESCRIPTION +.B fsck +is used to check and optionally repair one or more Linux file systems. +.I filesys +can be a device name (e.g. +.IR /dev/hdc1 ", " /dev/sdb2 ), +a mount point (e.g. +.IR / ", " /usr ", " /home ), +or an ext2 label or UUID specifier (e.g. +UUID=8868abf6-88c5-4a83-98b8-bfc24057f7bd or LABEL=root). +Normally, the +.B fsck +program will try to handle file systems on different physical disk drives +in parallel to reduce the total amount of time needed to check all of the +file systems. +.PP +If no file systems are specified on the command line, and the +.B \-A +option is not specified, +.B fsck +will default to checking file systems in +.B /etc/fstab +serially. This is equivalent to the +.B \-As +options. +.PP +The exit code returned by +.B fsck +is the sum of the following conditions: +.br +\ 0\ \-\ No errors +.br +\ 1\ \-\ File system errors corrected +.br +\ 2\ \-\ System should be rebooted +.br +\ 4\ \-\ File system errors left uncorrected +.br +\ 8\ \-\ Operational error +.br +\ 16\ \-\ Usage or syntax error +.br +\ 32\ \-\ Fsck canceled by user request +.br +\ 128\ \-\ Shared library error +.br +The exit code returned when multiple file systems are checked +is the bit-wise OR of the exit codes for each +file system that is checked. +.PP +In actuality, +.B fsck +is simply a front-end for the various file system checkers +(\fBfsck\fR.\fIfstype\fR) available under Linux. The file +system-specific checker is searched for in +.I /sbin +first, then in +.I /etc/fs +and +.IR /etc , +and finally in the directories listed in the PATH environment +variable. Please see the file system-specific checker manual pages for +further details. +.SH OPTIONS +.TP +.B \-s +Serialize +.B fsck +operations. This is a good idea if you are checking multiple +file systems and the checkers are in an interactive mode. (Note: +.BR e2fsck (8) +runs in an interactive mode by default. To make +.BR e2fsck (8) +run in a non-interactive mode, you must either specify the +.B \-p +or +.B \-a +option, if you wish for errors to be corrected automatically, or the +.B \-n +option if you do not.) +.TP +.BI \-t " fslist" +Specifies the type(s) of file system to be checked. When the +.B \-A +flag is specified, only file systems that match +.I fslist +are checked. The +.I fslist +parameter is a comma-separated list of file systems and options +specifiers. All of the file systems in this comma-separated list may be +prefixed by a negation operator +.RB ' no ' +or +.RB ' ! ', +which requests that only those file systems not listed in +.I fslist +will be checked. If all of the file systems in +.I fslist +are not prefixed by a negation operator, then only those file systems +listed +in +.I fslist +will be checked. +.sp +Options specifiers may be included in the comma-separated +.IR fslist . +They must have the format +.BI opts= fs-option\fR. +If an options specifier is present, then only file systems which contain +.I fs-option +in their mount options field of +.B /etc/fstab +will be checked. If the options specifier is prefixed by a negation +operator, then only +those file systems that do not have +.I fs-option +in their mount options field of +.B /etc/fstab +will be checked. +.sp +For example, if +.B opts=ro +appears in +.IR fslist , +then only file systems listed in +.B /etc/fstab +with the +.B ro +option will be checked. +.sp +For compatibility with Mandrake distributions whose boot scripts +depend upon an unauthorized UI change to the +.B fsck +program, if a file system type of +.B loop +is found in +.IR fslist , +it is treated as if +.B opts=loop +were specified as an argument to the +.B \-t +option. +.sp +Normally, the file system type is deduced by searching for +.I filesys +in the +.I /etc/fstab +file and using the corresponding entry. +If the type can not be deduced, and there is only a single file system +given as an argument to the +.B \-t +option, +.B fsck +will use the specified file system type. If this type is not +available, then the default file system type (currently ext2) is used. +.TP +.B \-A +Walk through the +.I /etc/fstab +file and try to check all file systems in one run. This option is +typically used from the +.I /etc/rc +system initialization file, instead of multiple commands for checking +a single file system. +.sp +The root file system will be checked first unless the +.B \-P +option is specified (see below). After that, +file systems will be checked in the order specified by the +.I fs_passno +(the sixth) field in the +.I /etc/fstab +file. +File Systems with a +.I fs_passno +value of 0 are skipped and are not checked at all. File Systems with a +.I fs_passno +value of greater than zero will be checked in order, +with file systems with the lowest +.I fs_passno +number being checked first. +If there are multiple file systems with the same pass number, +fsck will attempt to check them in parallel, although it will avoid running +multiple file system checks on the same physical disk. +.sp +Hence, a very common configuration in +.I /etc/fstab +files is to set the root file system to have a +.I fs_passno +value of 1 +and to set all other file systems to have a +.I fs_passno +value of 2. This will allow +.B fsck +to automatically run file system checkers in parallel if it is advantageous +to do so. System administrators might choose +not to use this configuration if they need to avoid multiple file system +checks running in parallel for some reason --- for example, if the +machine in question is short on memory so that +excessive paging is a concern. +.TP +.B \-C\fR [ \fI "fd" \fR ] +Display completion/progress bars for those file system checkers (currently +only for ext2 and ext3) which support them. Fsck will manage the +file system checkers so that only one of them will display +a progress bar at a time. GUI front-ends may specify a file descriptor +.IR fd , +in which case the progress bar information will be sent to that file descriptor. +.TP +.B \-M +Do not check mounted file systems and return an exit code of 0 +for mounted file systems. +.TP +.B \-N +Don't execute, just show what would be done. +.TP +.B \-P +When the +.B \-A +flag is set, check the root file system in parallel with the other file systems. +This is not the safest thing in the world to do, +since if the root file system is in doubt things like the +.BR e2fsck (8) +executable might be corrupted! This option is mainly provided +for those sysadmins who don't want to repartition the root +file system to be small and compact (which is really the right solution). +.TP +.B \-R +When checking all file systems with the +.B \-A +flag, skip the root file system (in case it's already mounted read-write). +.TP +.B \-T +Don't show the title on startup. +.TP +.B \-V +Produce verbose output, including all file system-specific commands +that are executed. +.TP +.B fs-specific-options +Options which are not understood by +.B fsck +are passed to the file system-specific checker. These arguments +.B must +not take arguments, as there is no +way for +.B fsck +to be able to properly guess which arguments take options and which +don't. +.IP +Options and arguments which follow the +.B \-\- +are treated as file system-specific options to be passed to the +file system-specific checker. +.IP +Please note that fsck is not +designed to pass arbitrarily complicated options to file system-specific +checkers. If you're doing something complicated, please just +execute the file system-specific checker directly. If you pass +.B fsck +some horribly complicated option and arguments, and it doesn't do +what you expect, +.B don't bother reporting it as a bug. +You're almost certainly doing something that you shouldn't be doing +with +.BR fsck. +.PP +Options to different file system-specific fsck's are not standardized. +If in doubt, please consult the man pages of the file system-specific +checker. Although not guaranteed, the following options are supported +by most file system checkers: +.TP +.B \-a +Automatically repair the file system without any questions (use +this option with caution). Note that +.BR e2fsck (8) +supports +.B \-a +for backwards compatibility only. This option is mapped to +.BR e2fsck 's +.B \-p +option which is safe to use, unlike the +.B \-a +option that some file system checkers support. +.TP +.B \-n +For some file system-specific checkers, the +.B \-n +option will cause the fs-specific fsck to avoid attempting to repair any +problems, but simply report such problems to stdout. This is however +not true for all file system-specific checkers. In particular, +.BR fsck.reiserfs (8) +will not report any corruption if given this option. +.BR fsck.minix (8) +does not support the +.B \-n +option at all. +.TP +.B \-r +Interactively repair the file system (ask for confirmations). Note: It +is generally a bad idea to use this option if multiple fsck's are being +run in parallel. Also note that this is +.BR e2fsck 's +default behavior; it supports this option for backwards compatibility +reasons only. +.TP +.B \-y +For some file system-specific checkers, the +.B \-y +option will cause the fs-specific fsck to always attempt to fix any +detected file system corruption automatically. Sometimes an expert may +be able to do better driving the fsck manually. Note that +.B not +all file system-specific checkers implement this option. In particular +.BR fsck.minix (8) +and +.BR fsck.cramfs (8) +does not support the +.B -y +option as of this writing. +.SH AUTHOR +Theodore Ts'o (tytso@mit.edu) +.SH FILES +.IR /etc/fstab . +.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES +The +.B fsck +program's behavior is affected by the following environment variables: +.TP +.B FSCK_FORCE_ALL_PARALLEL +If this environment variable is set, +.B fsck +will attempt to run all of the specified file systems in parallel, +regardless of whether the file systems appear to be on the same +device. (This is useful for RAID systems or high-end storage systems +such as those sold by companies such as IBM or EMC.) +.TP +.B FSCK_MAX_INST +This environment variable will limit the maximum number of file system +checkers that can be running at one time. This allows configurations +which have a large number of disks to avoid +.B fsck +starting too many file system checkers at once, which might overload +CPU and memory resources available on the system. If this value is +zero, then an unlimited number of processes can be spawned. This is +currently the default, but future versions of +.B fsck +may attempt to automatically determine how many file system checks can +be run based on gathering accounting data from the operating system. +.TP +.B PATH +The +.B PATH +environment variable is used to find file system checkers. A set of +system directories are searched first: +.BR /sbin , +.BR /sbin/fs.d , +.BR /sbin/fs , +.BR /etc/fs , +and +.BR /etc . +Then the set of directories found in the +.B PATH +environment are searched. +.TP +.B FSTAB_FILE +This environment variable allows the system administrator +to override the standard location of the +.B /etc/fstab +file. It is also useful for developers who are testing +.BR fsck . +.SH SEE ALSO +.BR fstab (5), +.BR mkfs (8), +.BR fsck.ext2 (8) +or +.BR fsck.ext3 (8) +or +.BR e2fsck (8), +.BR cramfsck (8), +.BR fsck.minix (8), +.BR fsck.msdos (8), +.BR fsck.jfs (8), +.BR fsck.nfs (8), +.BR fsck.vfat (8), +.BR fsck.xfs (8), +.BR fsck.xiafs (8), +.BR reiserfsck (8). |