Adding upstream version 115.7.0esr.upstream/115.7.0esrupstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

3 files changed, 424 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/widget/cocoa/docs/index.md b/widget/cocoa/docs/index.md
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+# Firefox on macOS
+
+```{toctree}
+:titlesonly:
+:maxdepth: 1
+:glob:
+
+*
+```
diff --git a/widget/cocoa/docs/macos-apis.md b/widget/cocoa/docs/macos-apis.md
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+# Using macOS APIs
+
+With each new macOS release, new APIs are added. Due to the wide range of platforms that Firefox runs on,
+and due to the [wide range of SDKs that we support building with](sdks.md#supported-sdks),
+using macOS APIs in Firefox requires some extra care.
+
+## Availability of APIs, and runtime checks
+
+First of all, if you use an API that is supported by all versions of macOS that Firefox runs on,
+i.e. 10.9 and above, then you don't need to worry about anything:
+The API declaration will be present in any of the supported SDKs, and you don't need any runtime checks.
+
+If you want to use a macOS API that was added after 10.9, then you have to have a runtime check.
+This requirement is completely independent of what SDK is being used for building.
+
+The runtime check [should have the following form](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/macos_release_notes/macos_mojave_10_14_release_notes/appkit_release_notes_for_macos_10_14?language=objc#3014609)
+(replace `10.14` with the appropriate version):
+
+```objc++
+if (@available(macOS 10.14, *)) {
+    // Code for macOS 10.14 or later
+} else {
+    // Code for versions earlier than 10.14.
+}
+```
+
+`@available` guards can be used in Objective-C(++) code.
+(In C++ code, you can use [these `nsCocoaFeatures` methods](https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/rev/9ad88f80aeedcd3cd7d7f63be07f577861727054/widget/cocoa/nsCocoaFeatures.h#21-27) instead.)
+
+For each API, the API declarations in the SDK headers are annotated with `API_AVAILABLE` macros.
+For example, the definition of the `NSVisualEffectMaterial` enum looks like this:
+
+```objc++
+typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSVisualEffectMaterial) {
+    NSVisualEffectMaterialTitlebar = 3,
+    NSVisualEffectMaterialSelection = 4,
+    NSVisualEffectMaterialMenu API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.11)) = 5,
+   // [...]
+    NSVisualEffectMaterialSheet API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.14)) = 11,
+   // [...]
+} API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.10));
+```
+
+The compiler understands these annotations and makes sure that you wrap all uses of the annotated APIs
+in appropriate `@available` runtime checks.
+
+### Frameworks
+
+In some rare cases, you need functionality from frameworks that are not available on all supported macOS versions.
+Examples of this are `Metal.framework` (added in 10.11) and `MediaPlayer.framework` (added in 10.12.2).
+
+In that case, you can either `dlopen` your framework at runtime ([like we do for MediaPlayer](https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/rev/9ad88f80aeedcd3cd7d7f63be07f577861727054/widget/cocoa/MediaPlayerWrapper.mm#21-27)),
+or you can [use `-weak_framework`](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPFrameworks/Concepts/WeakLinking.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/20002378-107026)
+[like we do for Metal](https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/rev/9ad88f80aeedcd3cd7d7f63be07f577861727054/toolkit/library/moz.build#301-304):
+
+```python
+if CONFIG['OS_ARCH'] == 'Darwin':
+    OS_LIBS += [
+        # Link to Metal as required by the Metal gfx-hal backend
+        '-weak_framework Metal',
+    ]
+```
+
+## Using new APIs with old SDKs
+
+If you want to use an API that was introduced after 10.12, you now have one extra thing to worry about.
+In addition to the runtime check [described in the previous section](#using-macos-apis), you also
+have to jump through extra hoops in order to allow the build to succeed, because
+[our build target for Firefox has to remain at 10.12 in order for Firefox to run on macOS versions all the way down to macOS 10.12](sdks.md#supported-sdks).
+
+In order to make the compiler accept your code, you will need to copy some amount of the API declaration
+into your own code. Copy it from the newest recent SDK you can get your hands on.
+The exact procedure varies based on the type of API (enum, objc class, method, etc.),
+but the general approach looks like this:
+
+```objc++
+#if !defined(MAC_OS_VERSION_12_0) || MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED < MAC_OS_VERSION_12_0
+@interface NSScreen (NSScreen12_0)
+// https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nsscreen/3882821-safeareainsets?language=objc&changes=latest_major
+@property(readonly) NSEdgeInsets safeAreaInsets;
+@end
+#endif
+```
+
+See the [Supporting Multiple SDKs](sdks.md#supporting-multiple-sdks) docs for more information on the `MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED` macro.
+
+Keep these three things in mind:
+
+ - Copy only what you need.
+ - Wrap your declaration in `MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED` checks so that, if an SDK is used that
+   already contains these declarations, your declaration does not conflict with the declaration in the SDK.
+ - Include the `API_AVAILABLE` annotations so that the compiler can protect you from accidentally
+   calling the API on unsupported macOS versions.
+
+Our current code does not always follow the `API_AVAILABLE` advice, but it should.
+
+### Enum types and C structs
+
+If you need a new enum type or C struct, copy the entire type declaration and wrap it in the appropriate ifdefs. Example:
+
+```objc++
+#if !defined(MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_12_2) || MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED < MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_12_2
+typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, MPNowPlayingPlaybackState) {
+    MPNowPlayingPlaybackStateUnknown = 0,
+    MPNowPlayingPlaybackStatePlaying,
+    MPNowPlayingPlaybackStatePaused,
+    MPNowPlayingPlaybackStateStopped,
+    MPNowPlayingPlaybackStateInterrupted
+} MP_API(ios(11.0), tvos(11.0), macos(10.12.2), watchos(5.0));
+#endif
+```
+### New enum values for existing enum type
+
+If the enum type itself already exists, but gained a new value, define the value in an unnamed enum:
+
+```objc++
+#if !defined(MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_12) || MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED < MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_12
+enum { NSVisualEffectMaterialSelection = 4 };
+#endif
+```
+
+(This is an example of an interesting case: `NSVisualEffectMaterialSelection` is available starting with
+macOS 10.10, but it's only defined in SDKs starting with the 10.12 SDK.)
+
+### Objective-C classes
+
+For a new Objective-C class, copy the entire `@interface` declaration and wrap it in the appropriate ifdefs.
+
+I haven't personally tested this. If this does not compile (or maybe link?), you can use the following workaround:
+
+ - Define your methods and properties as a category on `NSObject`.
+ - Look up the class at runtime using `NSClassFromString()`.
+ - If you need to create a subclass, do it at runtime using `objc_allocateClassPair` and `class_addMethod`.
+   [Here's an example of that.](https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/rev/9ad88f80aeedcd3cd7d7f63be07f577861727054/widget/cocoa/VibrancyManager.mm#44-60)
+
+### Objective-C properties and methods on an existing class
+
+If an Objective-C class that already exists gains a new method or property, you can "add" it to the
+existing class declaration with the help of a [category](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/ProgrammingWithObjectiveC/CustomizingExistingClasses/CustomizingExistingClasses.html):
+
+```objc++
+@interface ExistingClass (YourMadeUpCategoryName)
+// methods and properties here
+@end
+```
+
+### Functions
+
+With free-standing functions I'm not entirely sure what to do.
+In theory, copying the declarations from the new SDK headers should work. Example:
+
+```objc++
+extern "C" {
+  __attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool
+SecTrustEvaluateWithError(SecTrustRef trust, CFErrorRef _Nullable * _Nullable CF_RETURNS_RETAINED error)
+    API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.14), ios(12.0), tvos(12.0), watchos(5.0));
+
+  __nullable
+CFDataRef SecCertificateCopyNormalizedSubjectSequence(SecCertificateRef certificate)
+    __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_12_4, __IPHONE_10_3);
+}
+```
+
+I'm not sure what the linker or the dynamic linker do when the symbol is not available.
+Does this require [`__attribute__((weak_import))` annotations](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPFrameworks/Concepts/WeakLinking.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/20002378-107262-CJBJAEID)?
+
+And maybe this is where .tbd files in the SDK come in? So that the linker knows which symbols to allow?
+So then that part cannot be worked around by copying code from headers.
+
+Anyway, what always works is the pure runtime approach:
+
+ 1. Define types for the functions you need, but not the functions themselves.
+ 2. At runtime, look up the functions using `dlsym`.
+
+## Notes on Rust
+
+If you call macOS APIs from Rust code, you're kind of on your own. Apple does not provide any Rust
+"headers", so there isn't really an SDK to speak of. So you have to supply your own API declarations
+anyway, regardless of what SDK is being used for building.
+
+In a way, you're side-stepping some of the build time trouble. You don't need to worry about any
+`#ifdefs` because there are no system headers you could conflict with.
+
+On the other hand, you still need to worry about API availability at runtime.
+And in Rust, there are no [availability attributes](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/AttributeReference.html#availability)
+on your API declarations, and there are no
+[`@available` runtime check helpers](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/LanguageExtensions.html#objective-c-available),
+and the compiler cannot warn you if you call APIs outside of availability checks.
diff --git a/widget/cocoa/docs/sdks.md b/widget/cocoa/docs/sdks.md
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+# A primer on macOS SDKs
+
+## Overview
+
+A macOS SDK is an on-disk directory that contains header files and meta information for macOS APIs.
+Apple distributes SDKs as part of the Xcode app bundle. Each Xcode version comes with one macOS SDK,
+the SDK for the most recent released version of macOS at the time of the Xcode release.
+The SDK is located at `/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk`.
+
+Compiling Firefox for macOS requires a macOS SDK. The build system bootstraps an adequate SDK by
+default, but you can select a different SDK using the `mozconfig` option `--with-macos-sdk`:
+
+```text
+ac_add_options --with-macos-sdk=/Users/username/SDKs/MacOSX11.3.sdk
+```
+
+## Supported SDKs
+
+First off, Firefox runs on 10.12 and above. This is called the "minimum deployment target" and is
+independent of the SDK version.
+
+Our official Firefox builds compiled in CI (continuous integration) currently use the 13.3 SDK (last updated in [bug 1833998](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1833998)). This is also the minimum supported SDK version for local builds.
+
+Compiling with different SDKs breaks from time to time. Such breakages should be [reported in Bugzilla](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/enter_bug.cgi?blocked=mach-busted&bug_type=defect&cc=:spohl,:mstange&component=General&form_name=enter_bug&keywords=regression&op_sys=macOS&product=Firefox%20Build%20System&rep_platform=All) and fixed quickly.
+
+## Obtaining SDKs
+
+Sometimes you need an SDK that's different from the one in your Xcode.app, for example
+to check whether your code change breaks building with other SDKs, or to verify the
+runtime behavior with the SDK used for CI builds.
+
+The easy but slightly questionable way to obtain an SDK is to download it from a public github repo.
+
+Here's another option:
+
+ 1. Have your Apple ID login details ready, and bring enough time and patience for a 5GB download.
+ 2. Check [these tables in the Xcode wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xcode#Xcode_7.0_-_10.x_(since_Free_On-Device_Development))
+    and find an Xcode version that contains the SDK you need.
+ 3. Look up the Xcode version number on [xcodereleases.com](https://xcodereleases.com/) and click the Download link for it.
+ 4. Log in with your Apple ID. Then the download should start.
+ 5. Wait for the 5GB Xcode_*.xip download to finish.
+ 6. Open the downloaded xip file. This will extract the Xcode.app bundle.
+ 7. Inside the app bundle, the SDK is at `Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk`.
+
+## Effects of the SDK version
+
+An SDK only contains declarations of APIs. It does not contain the implementations for these APIs.
+
+The implementation of an API is provided by the OS that the app runs on. It is supplied at runtime,
+when your app starts up, by the dynamic linker. For example, the AppKit implementation comes
+from `/System/Library/Frameworks/AppKit.framework` from the OS that the app is run on, regardless
+of what SDK was used when compiling the app.
+
+In other words, building with a macOS SDK of a higher version doesn't magically make new APIs available
+when running on older versions of macOS. And, conversely, building with a lower macOS SDK doesn't limit
+which APIs you can use if your app is run on a newer version of macOS, assuming you manage to convince the
+compiler to accept your code.
+
+The SDK used for building an app determines three things:
+
+ 1. Whether your code compiles at all,
+ 2. which range of macOS versions your app can run on (available deployment targets), and
+ 3. certain aspects of runtime behavior.
+
+The first is straightforward: An SDK contains header files. If you call an API that's not declared
+anywhere - neither in a header file nor in your own code - then your compiler will emit an error.
+(Special case: Calling an unknown Objective-C method usually only emits a warning, not an error.)
+
+The second aspect, available deployment targets, is usually not worth worrying about:
+SDKs have large ranges of supported macOS deployment targets.
+For example, the 10.15 SDK supports running your app on macOS versions all the way back to 10.6.
+This information is written down in the SDK's `SDKSettings.plist`.
+
+The third aspect, varying runtime behavior, is perhaps the most insidious and surprising aspect, and is described
+in the next section.
+
+## Runtime differences based on macOS SDK version
+
+When a new version of macOS is released, existing APIs can change their behavior.
+These changes are usually described in the AppKit release notes:
+
+ - [macOS 10.15 release notes](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/macos_release_notes/macos_catalina_10_15_release_notes?language=objc)
+ - [macOS 10.14 AppKit release notes](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/macos_release_notes/macos_mojave_10_14_release_notes/appkit_release_notes_for_macos_10_14?language=objc)
+ - [macOS 10.13 AppKit release notes](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/releasenotes/AppKit/RN-AppKit/)
+ - [macOS 10.12 and older AppKit release notes](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/releasenotes/AppKit/RN-AppKitOlderNotes/)
+
+Sometimes, these differences in behavior have the potential to break existing apps. In those instances,
+Apple often provides the old (compatible) behavior until the app is re-built with the new SDK, expecting
+developers to update their apps so that they work with the new behavior, at the same time as
+they update to the new SDK.
+
+Here's an [example from the 10.13 release notes](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/releasenotes/AppKit/RN-AppKit/#10_13NSCollectionView%20Responsive%20Scrolling):
+
+> Responsive Scrolling in NSCollectionViews is enabled only for apps linked on or after macOS 10.13.
+
+Here, "linked on or after macOS 10.13" means "linked against the macOS 10.13 SDK or newer".
+
+Apple's expectation is that you upgrade to the new macOS version when it is released, download a new
+Xcode version when it is released, synchronize these updates across the machines of all developers
+that work on your app, use the SDK in the newest Xcode to compile your app, and make changes to your
+app to be compatible with any behavior changes whenever you update Xcode.
+This expectation does not always match reality. It definitely doesn't match what we're doing with Firefox.
+
+For Firefox, SDK-dependent compatibility behaviors mean that developers who build Firefox locally
+can see different runtime behavior than the users of our CI builds, if they use a different SDK than
+the SDK used in CI.
+That is, unless we change the Firefox code so that it has the same behavior regardless of SDK version.
+Often this can be achieved by using APIs in a way that's more in line with the API's recommended use.
+
+For example, we've had cases of
+[broken placeholder text in search fields](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1273106),
+[missing](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=941325) or [double-drawn focus rings](https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/rev/9ad88f80aeedcd3cd7d7f63be07f577861727054/widget/cocoa/nsNativeThemeCocoa.mm#149-169),
+[a startup crash](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1516437),
+[fully black windows](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1494022),
+[fully gray windows](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1576113#c4),
+[broken vibrancy](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1475694), and
+[broken colors in dark mode](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1578917).
+
+In most of these cases, the breakage was either very minor, or it was caused by Firefox doing things
+that were explicitly discouraged, like creating unexpected NSView hierarchies, or relying on unspecified
+implementation details. (With one exception: In 10.14, HiDPI-aware `NSOpenGLContext` rendering in
+layer-backed windows simply broke.)
+
+And in all of these cases, it was the SDK-dependent compatibility behavior that protected our users from being
+exposed to the breakage. Our CI builds continued to work because they were built with an older SDK.
+
+We have addressed all known cases of breakage when building Firefox with newer SDKs.
+I am not aware of any current instances of this problem as of this writing (June 2020).
+
+For more information about how these compatibility tricks work,
+read the [Overriding SDK-dependent runtime behavior](#overriding-sdk-dependent-runtime-behavior) section.
+
+## Supporting multiple SDKs
+
+As described under [Supported SDKs](#supported-sdks), Firefox can be built with a wide variety of SDK versions.
+
+This ability comes at the cost of some manual labor; it requires some well-placed `#ifdefs` and
+copying of header definitions.
+
+Every SDK defines the macro `MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED` with a value that matches the SDK version,
+in the SDK's `AvailabilityMacros.h` header. This header also defines version constants like `MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_12`.
+For example, I have a version of the 10.12 SDK which contains the line
+
+```cpp
+#define MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_12_4
+```
+
+The name `MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED` is rather misleading; a better name would be
+`MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_KNOWN_BY_SDK`. Compiling with an old SDK *does not* prevent apps from running
+on newer versions of macOS.
+
+With the help of the `MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED` macro, we can make our code adapt to the SDK that's
+being used. Here's [an example](https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/rev/9ad88f80aeedcd3cd7d7f63be07f577861727054/toolkit/xre/MacApplicationDelegate.mm#345-351) where the 10.14 SDK changed the signature of
+[an `NSApplicationDelegate` method](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nsapplicationdelegate/1428471-application?language=objc):
+
+```objc++
+- (BOOL)application:(NSApplication*)application
+    continueUserActivity:(NSUserActivity*)userActivity
+#if defined(MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_14) && MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_14
+      restorationHandler:(void (^)(NSArray<id<NSUserActivityRestoring>>*))restorationHandler {
+#else
+      restorationHandler:(void (^)(NSArray*))restorationHandler {
+#endif
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+We can also use this macro to supply missing API definitions in such a way that
+they don't conflict with the definitions from the SDK.
+This is described in the "Using macOS APIs" document, under [Using new APIs with old SDKs](./macos-apis.md#using-new-apis-with-old-sdks).
+
+## Overriding SDK-dependent runtime behavior
+
+This section contains some more details on the compatibility tricks that cause different runtime
+behavior dependent on the SDK, as described in
+[Runtime differences based on macOS SDK version](#runtime-differences-based-on-macos-sdk-version).
+
+### How it works
+
+AppKit is the one system framework I know of that employs these tricks. Let's explore how AppKit makes this work,
+by going back to the [NSCollectionView example](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/releasenotes/AppKit/RN-AppKit/#10_13NSCollectionView%20Responsive%20Scrolling) from above:
+
+> Responsive Scrolling in NSCollectionViews is enabled only for apps linked on or after macOS 10.13.
+
+For each of these SDK-dependent behavior differences, both the old and the new behavior are implemented
+in the version of AppKit that ships with the new macOS version.
+At runtime, AppKit selects one of the behaviors based on the SDK version, with a call to
+`_CFExecutableLinkedOnOrAfter()`. This call checks the SDK version of the main executable of the
+process that's running AppKit code; in our case that's the `firefox` or `plugin-container` executable.
+The SDK version is stored in the mach-o headers of the executable by the linker.
+
+One interesting design aspect of AppKit's compatibility tricks is the fact that most of these behavior differences
+can be toggled with a "user default" preference.
+For example, the "responsive scrolling in NSCollectionViews" behavior change can be controlled with
+a user default with the name "NSCollectionViewPrefetchingEnabled".
+The SDK check only happens if "NSCollectionViewPrefetchingEnabled" is not set to either YES or NO.
+
+More precisely, this example works as follows:
+
+ - `-[NSCollectionView prepareContentInRect:]` is the function that supports both the old and the new behavior.
+ - It calls `_NSGetBoolAppConfig` for the value "NSCollectionViewPrefetchingEnabled", and also supplies a "default
+   value function".
+ - If the user default is not set, the default value function is called. This function has the name
+   `NSCollectionViewPrefetchingEnabledDefaultValueFunction`.
+ - `NSCollectionViewPrefetchingEnabledDefaultValueFunction` calls `_CFExecutableLinkedOnOrAfter(13)`.
+
+You can find many similar toggles if you list the AppKit symbols that end in `DefaultValueFunction`,
+for example by executing `nm /System/Library/Frameworks/AppKit.framework/AppKit | grep DefaultValueFunction`.
+
+### Overriding SDK-dependent runtime behavior
+
+You can set these preferences programmatically, in a way that `_NSGetBoolAppConfig()` can pick them up,
+for example with [`registerDefaults`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nsuserdefaults/1417065-registerdefaults?language=objc)
+or like this:
+
+```objc++
+[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setBool:YES forKey:@"NSViewAllowsRootLayerBacking"];
+```
+
+The AppKit release notes mention this ability but ask for it to only be used for debugging purposes:
+
+> In some cases, we provide defaults (preferences) settings which can be used to get the old or new behavior,
+> independent of what system an application was built against. Often these preferences are provided for
+> debugging purposes only; in some cases the preferences can be used to globally modify the behavior
+> of an application by registering the values (do it somewhere very early, with `-[NSUserDefaults registerDefaults:]`).
+
+It's interesting that they mention this at all because, as far as I can tell, none of these values are documented.