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-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/.cargo-checksum.json1
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/CHANGELOG.md699
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/COPYRIGHT12
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/Cargo.toml75
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/LICENSE-APACHE176
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/LICENSE-MIT26
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/README.md158
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/bernoulli.rs219
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/distribution.rs272
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/float.rs312
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/integer.rs274
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/mod.rs218
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/other.rs365
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/slice.rs117
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/uniform.rs1658
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/utils.rs429
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/weighted.rs47
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/weighted_index.rs458
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/lib.rs214
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/prelude.rs34
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/rng.rs600
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/adapter/mod.rs16
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/adapter/read.rs150
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/adapter/reseeding.rs386
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/mock.rs87
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/mod.rs119
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/small.rs117
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/std.rs98
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/thread.rs143
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/xoshiro128plusplus.rs118
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/xoshiro256plusplus.rs122
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/seq/index.rs678
-rw-r--r--third_party/rust/rand/src/seq/mod.rs1356
33 files changed, 9754 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/.cargo-checksum.json b/third_party/rust/rand/.cargo-checksum.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e76c5887d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/.cargo-checksum.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"files":{"CHANGELOG.md":"76b505678de234d2eef751593feec6d9debb76c20d45564a9f23c9e9783dbc63","COPYRIGHT":"90eb64f0279b0d9432accfa6023ff803bc4965212383697eee27a0f426d5f8d5","Cargo.toml":"9bb028fb3b697653beb433ddcf4c1292b3db10ea5ed27a695df6e4e604ba6d4b","LICENSE-APACHE":"35242e7a83f69875e6edeff02291e688c97caafe2f8902e4e19b49d3e78b4cab","LICENSE-MIT":"209fbbe0ad52d9235e37badf9cadfe4dbdc87203179c0899e738b39ade42177b","README.md":"ddb5a1fa9442c6cab92a3510365937e729f839c94b97e75d3f0430bf3a4dd2bd","src/distributions/bernoulli.rs":"437e61c41f73b6fffad11a65cc45d05df198ab05b37328eba687a9779b86948a","src/distributions/distribution.rs":"36086233c9682eb16874ba87bb1ec39db71559c5ce2ca618dc8c6bd9710d3b3a","src/distributions/float.rs":"ef894cbfeab9c734894468175c4553100b4a261f431047f2bbc4949aa43e2ccd","src/distributions/integer.rs":"a380e0627c97cfad0d94e0fdfb4dad73060d23073cc1d379f06c4dbd2a4fc2db","src/distributions/mod.rs":"f87a133e704e38ad554c8b4f62497d6320c74ef7d37df7871c61bde48d200b5b","src/distributions/other.rs":"e60568f8eadc0594636641a2070e53f5127fb532a74101ed4767f424a6e92622","src/distributions/slice.rs":"94f5abfe602679e980e4561bb03dcac28bbd3bb5f7bd2821f396a6293c0878db","src/distributions/uniform.rs":"9eb0769b7c268c2e4f502ede0d779cb1ab5243d70a1fb39f2f5e316bcf9586e2","src/distributions/utils.rs":"41304f5e2d74e750fc62f7871443c6e9d510a6c99be4614fb5c756682e0344d7","src/distributions/weighted.rs":"ae019d9b688e33cb912c9a04668cce3e7df86abab994db88478c6c339f98222f","src/distributions/weighted_index.rs":"874d1db2e258d9c049be08ae80b72ec2c75af0f2571f83091a26a3f6c747a6f0","src/lib.rs":"a773ff7b0dad376e5ef23661c40b7a96df4233fef90dab303db93f209aee314f","src/prelude.rs":"2f2132d74ce9f70513224baad3b161b1585a639f9136a254cdb0e7f8ffceb25b","src/rng.rs":"5d9b55069197f9f98298e8d930b13d8c65ab2701660bfbf52d83c6d7d7aff8c6","src/rngs/adapter/mod.rs":"28318871529da61dccc0fe8c0bcafa99b133c721d4bb506fa34d0831f4ca2639","src/rngs/adapter/read.rs":"b044061c46d0b8e6a4f25c69d3e8bb6f9df08cd8df9b5eae131a1d4934020e03","src/rngs/adapter/reseeding.rs":"89abebade9bca847889155ac3357c0021d2c6181dd47478332a644820ade0c6e","src/rngs/mock.rs":"0074abe04cf84b1263218f50140931fa4188f4e0a43fe3205556a00e4c36d1e9","src/rngs/mod.rs":"a6dec3d19e1726ba05f130ab9b20719d79177b8c1584cdd7b5f37b9996315ed3","src/rngs/small.rs":"a8e61c6e0bad62f06db1325e3b93eff1d4aa9e82cf0316fbfd02da2ef5b85b83","src/rngs/std.rs":"3cee48bf1fea18b84f585680a947f3aeea949b756cc37d99217291f9759be7c9","src/rngs/thread.rs":"c3cc07465bf02d08182afc47a40e50095d7c83633e09dcd071974b2a902e6fce","src/rngs/xoshiro128plusplus.rs":"deca2450a2d5ea826ca6f47cccb9ee06daeac38799a30a107b78c5dae78ae30c","src/rngs/xoshiro256plusplus.rs":"d7e214f8288041cede7ef26e829dd2196f7b4843455d7f1b9a3ef080d570bc5f","src/seq/index.rs":"5247833f7bfc8c5c11337ce7dc0a55a6979ea664ddddd70b6e2b9598058ab44d","src/seq/mod.rs":"dd97a635e89e1d50153c57ec03d8a346a063486998ef14ca4fdc60659f1612fb"},"package":"34af8d1a0e25924bc5b7c43c079c942339d8f0a8b57c39049bef581b46327404"} \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/CHANGELOG.md b/third_party/rust/rand/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0872af6d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,699 @@
+# Changelog
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
+
+The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](http://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/)
+and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
+
+A [separate changelog is kept for rand_core](rand_core/CHANGELOG.md).
+
+You may also find the [Upgrade Guide](https://rust-random.github.io/book/update.html) useful.
+
+## [0.8.5] - 2021-08-20
+### Fixes
+- Fix build on non-32/64-bit architectures (#1144)
+- Fix "min_const_gen" feature for `no_std` (#1173)
+- Check `libc::pthread_atfork` return value with panic on error (#1178)
+- More robust reseeding in case `ReseedingRng` is used from a fork handler (#1178)
+- Fix nightly: remove unused `slice_partition_at_index` feature (#1215)
+- Fix nightly + `simd_support`: update `packed_simd` (#1216)
+
+### Rngs
+- `StdRng`: Switch from HC128 to ChaCha12 on emscripten (#1142).
+ We now use ChaCha12 on all platforms.
+
+### Documentation
+- Added docs about rand's use of const generics (#1150)
+- Better random chars example (#1157)
+
+
+## [0.8.4] - 2021-06-15
+### Additions
+- Use const-generics to support arrays of all sizes (#1104)
+- Implement `Clone` and `Copy` for `Alphanumeric` (#1126)
+- Add `Distribution::map` to derive a distribution using a closure (#1129)
+- Add `Slice` distribution (#1107)
+- Add `DistString` trait with impls for `Standard` and `Alphanumeric` (#1133)
+
+### Other
+- Reorder asserts in `Uniform` float distributions for easier debugging of non-finite arguments
+ (#1094, #1108)
+- Add range overflow check in `Uniform` float distributions (#1108)
+- Deprecate `rngs::adapter::ReadRng` (#1130)
+
+## [0.8.3] - 2021-01-25
+### Fixes
+- Fix `no-std` + `alloc` build by gating `choose_multiple_weighted` on `std` (#1088)
+
+## [0.8.2] - 2021-01-12
+### Fixes
+- Fix panic in `UniformInt::sample_single_inclusive` and `Rng::gen_range` when
+ providing a full integer range (eg `0..=MAX`) (#1087)
+
+## [0.8.1] - 2020-12-31
+### Other
+- Enable all stable features in the playground (#1081)
+
+## [0.8.0] - 2020-12-18
+### Platform support
+- The minimum supported Rust version is now 1.36 (#1011)
+- `getrandom` updated to v0.2 (#1041)
+- Remove `wasm-bindgen` and `stdweb` feature flags. For details of WASM support,
+ see the [getrandom documentation](https://docs.rs/getrandom/latest). (#948)
+- `ReadRng::next_u32` and `next_u64` now use little-Endian conversion instead
+ of native-Endian, affecting results on Big-Endian platforms (#1061)
+- The `nightly` feature no longer implies the `simd_support` feature (#1048)
+- Fix `simd_support` feature to work on current nightlies (#1056)
+
+### Rngs
+- `ThreadRng` is no longer `Copy` to enable safe usage within thread-local destructors (#1035)
+- `gen_range(a, b)` was replaced with `gen_range(a..b)`. `gen_range(a..=b)` is
+ also supported. Note that `a` and `b` can no longer be references or SIMD types. (#744, #1003)
+- Replace `AsByteSliceMut` with `Fill` and add support for `[bool], [char], [f32], [f64]` (#940)
+- Restrict `rand::rngs::adapter` to `std` (#1027; see also #928)
+- `StdRng`: add new `std_rng` feature flag (enabled by default, but might need
+ to be used if disabling default crate features) (#948)
+- `StdRng`: Switch from ChaCha20 to ChaCha12 for better performance (#1028)
+- `SmallRng`: Replace PCG algorithm with xoshiro{128,256}++ (#1038)
+
+### Sequences
+- Add `IteratorRandom::choose_stable` as an alternative to `choose` which does
+ not depend on size hints (#1057)
+- Improve accuracy and performance of `IteratorRandom::choose` (#1059)
+- Implement `IntoIterator` for `IndexVec`, replacing the `into_iter` method (#1007)
+- Add value stability tests for `seq` module (#933)
+
+### Misc
+- Support `PartialEq` and `Eq` for `StdRng`, `SmallRng` and `StepRng` (#979)
+- Added a `serde1` feature and added Serialize/Deserialize to `UniformInt` and `WeightedIndex` (#974)
+- Drop some unsafe code (#962, #963, #1011)
+- Reduce packaged crate size (#983)
+- Migrate to GitHub Actions from Travis+AppVeyor (#1073)
+
+### Distributions
+- `Alphanumeric` samples bytes instead of chars (#935)
+- `Uniform` now supports `char`, enabling `rng.gen_range('A'..='Z')` (#1068)
+- Add `UniformSampler::sample_single_inclusive` (#1003)
+
+#### Weighted sampling
+- Implement weighted sampling without replacement (#976, #1013)
+- `rand::distributions::alias_method::WeightedIndex` was moved to `rand_distr::WeightedAliasIndex`.
+ The simpler alternative `rand::distribution::WeightedIndex` remains. (#945)
+- Improve treatment of rounding errors in `WeightedIndex::update_weights` (#956)
+- `WeightedIndex`: return error on NaN instead of panic (#1005)
+
+### Documentation
+- Document types supported by `random` (#994)
+- Document notes on password generation (#995)
+- Note that `SmallRng` may not be the best choice for performance and in some
+ other cases (#1038)
+- Use `doc(cfg)` to annotate feature-gated items (#1019)
+- Adjust README (#1065)
+
+## [0.7.3] - 2020-01-10
+### Fixes
+- The `Bernoulli` distribution constructors now reports an error on NaN and on
+ `denominator == 0`. (#925)
+- Use `std::sync::Once` to register fork handler, avoiding possible atomicity violation (#928)
+- Fix documentation on the precision of generated floating-point values
+
+### Changes
+- Unix: make libc dependency optional; only use fork protection with std feature (#928)
+
+### Additions
+- Implement `std::error::Error` for `BernoulliError` (#919)
+
+## [0.7.2] - 2019-09-16
+### Fixes
+- Fix dependency on `rand_core` 0.5.1 (#890)
+
+### Additions
+- Unit tests for value stability of distributions added (#888)
+
+## [0.7.1] - 2019-09-13
+### Yanked
+This release was yanked since it depends on `rand_core::OsRng` added in 0.5.1
+but specifies a dependency on version 0.5.0 (#890), causing a broken builds
+when updating from `rand 0.7.0` without also updating `rand_core`.
+
+### Fixes
+- Fix `no_std` behaviour, appropriately enable c2-chacha's `std` feature (#844)
+- `alloc` feature in `no_std` is available since Rust 1.36 (#856)
+- Fix or squelch issues from Clippy lints (#840)
+
+### Additions
+- Add a `no_std` target to CI to continuously evaluate `no_std` status (#844)
+- `WeightedIndex`: allow adjusting a sub-set of weights (#866)
+
+## [0.7.0] - 2019-06-28
+
+### Fixes
+- Fix incorrect pointer usages revealed by Miri testing (#780, #781)
+- Fix (tiny!) bias in `Uniform` for 8- and 16-bit ints (#809)
+
+### Crate
+- Bumped MSRV (min supported Rust version) to 1.32.0
+- Updated to Rust Edition 2018 (#823, #824)
+- Removed dependence on `rand_xorshift`, `rand_isaac`, `rand_jitter` crates (#759, #765)
+- Remove dependency on `winapi` (#724)
+- Removed all `build.rs` files (#824)
+- Removed code already deprecated in version 0.6 (#757)
+- Removed the serde1 feature (It's still available for backwards compatibility, but it does not do anything. #830)
+- Many documentation changes
+
+### rand_core
+- Updated to `rand_core` 0.5.0
+- `Error` type redesigned with new API (#800)
+- Move `from_entropy` method to `SeedableRng` and remove `FromEntropy` (#800)
+- `SeedableRng::from_rng` is now expected to be value-stable (#815)
+
+### Standard RNGs
+- OS interface moved from `rand_os` to new `getrandom` crate (#765, [getrandom](https://github.com/rust-random/getrandom))
+- Use ChaCha for `StdRng` and `ThreadRng` (#792)
+- Feature-gate `SmallRng` (#792)
+- `ThreadRng` now supports `Copy` (#758)
+- Deprecated `EntropyRng` (#765)
+- Enable fork protection of ReseedingRng without `std` (#724)
+
+### Distributions
+- Many distributions have been moved to `rand_distr` (#761)
+- `Bernoulli::new` constructor now returns a `Result` (#803)
+- `Distribution::sample_iter` adjusted for more flexibility (#758)
+- Added `distributions::weighted::alias_method::WeightedIndex` for `O(1)` sampling (#692)
+- Support sampling `NonZeroU*` types with the `Standard` distribution (#728)
+- Optimised `Binomial` distribution sampling (#735, #740, #752)
+- Optimised SIMD float sampling (#739)
+
+### Sequences
+- Make results portable across 32- and 64-bit by using `u32` samples for `usize` where possible (#809)
+
+## [0.6.5] - 2019-01-28
+### Crates
+- Update `rand_core` to 0.4 (#703)
+- Move `JitterRng` to its own crate (#685)
+- Add a wasm-bindgen test crate (#696)
+
+### Platforms
+- Fuchsia: Replaced fuchsia-zircon with fuchsia-cprng
+
+### Doc
+- Use RFC 1946 for doc links (#691)
+- Fix some doc links and notes (#711)
+
+## [0.6.4] - 2019-01-08
+### Fixes
+- Move wasm-bindgen shims to correct crate (#686)
+- Make `wasm32-unknown-unknown` compile but fail at run-time if missing bindingsg (#686)
+
+## [0.6.3] - 2019-01-04
+### Fixes
+- Make the `std` feature require the optional `rand_os` dependency (#675)
+- Re-export the optional WASM dependencies of `rand_os` from `rand` to avoid breakage (#674)
+
+## [0.6.2] - 2019-01-04
+### Additions
+- Add `Default` for `ThreadRng` (#657)
+- Move `rngs::OsRng` to `rand_os` sub-crate; clean up code; use as dependency (#643) ##BLOCKER##
+- Add `rand_xoshiro` sub-crate, plus benchmarks (#642, #668)
+
+### Fixes
+- Fix bias in `UniformInt::sample_single` (#662)
+- Use `autocfg` instead of `rustc_version` for rustc version detection (#664)
+- Disable `i128` and `u128` if the `target_os` is `emscripten` (#671: work-around Emscripten limitation)
+- CI fixes (#660, #671)
+
+### Optimisations
+- Optimise memory usage of `UnitCircle` and `UnitSphereSurface` distributions (no PR)
+
+## [0.6.1] - 2018-11-22
+- Support sampling `Duration` also for `no_std` (only since Rust 1.25) (#649)
+- Disable default features of `libc` (#647)
+
+## [0.6.0] - 2018-11-14
+
+### Project organisation
+- Rand has moved from [rust-lang-nursery](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/rand)
+ to [rust-random](https://github.com/rust-random/rand)! (#578)
+- Created [The Rust Random Book](https://rust-random.github.io/book/)
+ ([source](https://github.com/rust-random/book))
+- Update copyright and licence notices (#591, #611)
+- Migrate policy documentation from the wiki (#544)
+
+### Platforms
+- Add fork protection on Unix (#466)
+- Added support for wasm-bindgen. (#541, #559, #562, #600)
+- Enable `OsRng` for powerpc64, sparc and sparc64 (#609)
+- Use `syscall` from `libc` on Linux instead of redefining it (#629)
+
+### RNGs
+- Switch `SmallRng` to use PCG (#623)
+- Implement `Pcg32` and `Pcg64Mcg` generators (#632)
+- Move ISAAC RNGs to a dedicated crate (#551)
+- Move Xorshift RNG to its own crate (#557)
+- Move ChaCha and HC128 RNGs to dedicated crates (#607, #636)
+- Remove usage of `Rc` from `ThreadRng` (#615)
+
+### Sampling and distributions
+- Implement `Rng.gen_ratio()` and `Bernoulli::new_ratio()` (#491)
+- Make `Uniform` strictly respect `f32` / `f64` high/low bounds (#477)
+- Allow `gen_range` and `Uniform` to work on non-`Copy` types (#506)
+- `Uniform` supports inclusive ranges: `Uniform::from(a..=b)`. This is
+ automatically enabled for Rust >= 1.27. (#566)
+- Implement `TrustedLen` and `FusedIterator` for `DistIter` (#620)
+
+#### New distributions
+- Add the `Dirichlet` distribution (#485)
+- Added sampling from the unit sphere and circle. (#567)
+- Implement the triangular distribution (#575)
+- Implement the Weibull distribution (#576)
+- Implement the Beta distribution (#574)
+
+#### Optimisations
+
+- Optimise `Bernoulli::new` (#500)
+- Optimise `char` sampling (#519)
+- Optimise sampling of `std::time::Duration` (#583)
+
+### Sequences
+- Redesign the `seq` module (#483, #515)
+- Add `WeightedIndex` and `choose_weighted` (#518, #547)
+- Optimised and changed return type of the `sample_indices` function. (#479)
+- Use `Iterator::size_hint()` to speed up `IteratorRandom::choose` (#593)
+
+### SIMD
+- Support for generating SIMD types (#523, #542, #561, #630)
+
+### Other
+- Revise CI scripts (#632, #635)
+- Remove functionality already deprecated in 0.5 (#499)
+- Support for `i128` and `u128` is automatically enabled for Rust >= 1.26. This
+ renders the `i128_support` feature obsolete. It still exists for backwards
+ compatibility but does not have any effect. This breaks programs using Rand
+ with `i128_support` on nightlies older than Rust 1.26. (#571)
+
+
+## [0.5.5] - 2018-08-07
+### Documentation
+- Fix links in documentation (#582)
+
+
+## [0.5.4] - 2018-07-11
+### Platform support
+- Make `OsRng` work via WASM/stdweb for WebWorkers
+
+
+## [0.5.3] - 2018-06-26
+### Platform support
+- OpenBSD, Bitrig: fix compilation (broken in 0.5.1) (#530)
+
+
+## [0.5.2] - 2018-06-18
+### Platform support
+- Hide `OsRng` and `JitterRng` on unsupported platforms (#512; fixes #503).
+
+
+## [0.5.1] - 2018-06-08
+
+### New distributions
+- Added Cauchy distribution. (#474, #486)
+- Added Pareto distribution. (#495)
+
+### Platform support and `OsRng`
+- Remove blanket Unix implementation. (#484)
+- Remove Wasm unimplemented stub. (#484)
+- Dragonfly BSD: read from `/dev/random`. (#484)
+- Bitrig: use `getentropy` like OpenBSD. (#484)
+- Solaris: (untested) use `getrandom` if available, otherwise `/dev/random`. (#484)
+- Emscripten, `stdweb`: split the read up in chunks. (#484)
+- Emscripten, Haiku: don't do an extra blocking read from `/dev/random`. (#484)
+- Linux, NetBSD, Solaris: read in blocking mode on first use in `fill_bytes`. (#484)
+- Fuchsia, CloudABI: fix compilation (broken in Rand 0.5). (#484)
+
+
+## [0.5.0] - 2018-05-21
+
+### Crate features and organisation
+- Minimum Rust version update: 1.22.0. (#239)
+- Create a separate `rand_core` crate. (#288)
+- Deprecate `rand_derive`. (#256)
+- Add `prelude` (and module reorganisation). (#435)
+- Add `log` feature. Logging is now available in `JitterRng`, `OsRng`, `EntropyRng` and `ReseedingRng`. (#246)
+- Add `serde1` feature for some PRNGs. (#189)
+- `stdweb` feature for `OsRng` support on WASM via stdweb. (#272, #336)
+
+### `Rng` trait
+- Split `Rng` in `RngCore` and `Rng` extension trait.
+ `next_u32`, `next_u64` and `fill_bytes` are now part of `RngCore`. (#265)
+- Add `Rng::sample`. (#256)
+- Deprecate `Rng::gen_weighted_bool`. (#308)
+- Add `Rng::gen_bool`. (#308)
+- Remove `Rng::next_f32` and `Rng::next_f64`. (#273)
+- Add optimized `Rng::fill` and `Rng::try_fill` methods. (#247)
+- Deprecate `Rng::gen_iter`. (#286)
+- Deprecate `Rng::gen_ascii_chars`. (#279)
+
+### `rand_core` crate
+- `rand` now depends on new `rand_core` crate (#288)
+- `RngCore` and `SeedableRng` are now part of `rand_core`. (#288)
+- Add modules to help implementing RNGs `impl` and `le`. (#209, #228)
+- Add `Error` and `ErrorKind`. (#225)
+- Add `CryptoRng` marker trait. (#273)
+- Add `BlockRngCore` trait. (#281)
+- Add `BlockRng` and `BlockRng64` wrappers to help implementations. (#281, #325)
+- Revise the `SeedableRng` trait. (#233)
+- Remove default implementations for `RngCore::next_u64` and `RngCore::fill_bytes`. (#288)
+- Add `RngCore::try_fill_bytes`. (#225)
+
+### Other traits and types
+- Add `FromEntropy` trait. (#233, #375)
+- Add `SmallRng` wrapper. (#296)
+- Rewrite `ReseedingRng` to only work with `BlockRngCore` (substantial performance improvement). (#281)
+- Deprecate `weak_rng`. Use `SmallRng` instead. (#296)
+- Deprecate `AsciiGenerator`. (#279)
+
+### Random number generators
+- Switch `StdRng` and `thread_rng` to HC-128. (#277)
+- `StdRng` must now be created with `from_entropy` instead of `new`
+- Change `thread_rng` reseeding threshold to 32 MiB. (#277)
+- PRNGs no longer implement `Copy`. (#209)
+- `Debug` implementations no longer show internals. (#209)
+- Implement `Clone` for `ReseedingRng`, `JitterRng`, OsRng`. (#383, #384)
+- Implement serialization for `XorShiftRng`, `IsaacRng` and `Isaac64Rng` under the `serde1` feature. (#189)
+- Implement `BlockRngCore` for `ChaChaCore` and `Hc128Core`. (#281)
+- All PRNGs are now portable across big- and little-endian architectures. (#209)
+- `Isaac64Rng::next_u32` no longer throws away half the results. (#209)
+- Add `IsaacRng::new_from_u64` and `Isaac64Rng::new_from_u64`. (#209)
+- Add the HC-128 CSPRNG `Hc128Rng`. (#210)
+- Change ChaCha20 to have 64-bit counter and 64-bit stream. (#349)
+- Changes to `JitterRng` to get its size down from 2112 to 24 bytes. (#251)
+- Various performance improvements to all PRNGs.
+
+### Platform support and `OsRng`
+- Add support for CloudABI. (#224)
+- Remove support for NaCl. (#225)
+- WASM support for `OsRng` via stdweb, behind the `stdweb` feature. (#272, #336)
+- Use `getrandom` on more platforms for Linux, and on Android. (#338)
+- Use the `SecRandomCopyBytes` interface on macOS. (#322)
+- On systems that do not have a syscall interface, only keep a single file descriptor open for `OsRng`. (#239)
+- On Unix, first try a single read from `/dev/random`, then `/dev/urandom`. (#338)
+- Better error handling and reporting in `OsRng` (using new error type). (#225)
+- `OsRng` now uses non-blocking when available. (#225)
+- Add `EntropyRng`, which provides `OsRng`, but has `JitterRng` as a fallback. (#235)
+
+### Distributions
+- New `Distribution` trait. (#256)
+- Add `Distribution::sample_iter` and `Rng::::sample_iter`. (#361)
+- Deprecate `Rand`, `Sample` and `IndependentSample` traits. (#256)
+- Add a `Standard` distribution (replaces most `Rand` implementations). (#256)
+- Add `Binomial` and `Poisson` distributions. (#96)
+- Add `Bernoulli` dsitribution. (#411)
+- Add `Alphanumeric` distribution. (#279)
+- Remove `Closed01` distribution, add `OpenClosed01`. (#274, #420)
+- Rework `Range` type, making it possible to implement it for user types. (#274)
+- Rename `Range` to `Uniform`. (#395)
+- Add `Uniform::new_inclusive` for inclusive ranges. (#274)
+- Use widening multiply method for much faster integer range reduction. (#274)
+- `Standard` distribution for `char` uses `Uniform` internally. (#274)
+- `Standard` distribution for `bool` uses sign test. (#274)
+- Implement `Standard` distribution for `Wrapping<T>`. (#436)
+- Implement `Uniform` distribution for `Duration`. (#427)
+
+
+## [0.4.3] - 2018-08-16
+### Fixed
+- Use correct syscall number for PowerPC (#589)
+
+
+## [0.4.2] - 2018-01-06
+### Changed
+- Use `winapi` on Windows
+- Update for Fuchsia OS
+- Remove dev-dependency on `log`
+
+
+## [0.4.1] - 2017-12-17
+### Added
+- `no_std` support
+
+
+## [0.4.0-pre.0] - 2017-12-11
+### Added
+- `JitterRng` added as a high-quality alternative entropy source using the
+ system timer
+- new `seq` module with `sample_iter`, `sample_slice`, etc.
+- WASM support via dummy implementations (fail at run-time)
+- Additional benchmarks, covering generators and new seq code
+
+### Changed
+- `thread_rng` uses `JitterRng` if seeding from system time fails
+ (slower but more secure than previous method)
+
+### Deprecated
+ - `sample` function deprecated (replaced by `sample_iter`)
+
+
+## [0.3.20] - 2018-01-06
+### Changed
+- Remove dev-dependency on `log`
+- Update `fuchsia-zircon` dependency to 0.3.2
+
+
+## [0.3.19] - 2017-12-27
+### Changed
+- Require `log <= 0.3.8` for dev builds
+- Update `fuchsia-zircon` dependency to 0.3
+- Fix broken links in docs (to unblock compiler docs testing CI)
+
+
+## [0.3.18] - 2017-11-06
+### Changed
+- `thread_rng` is seeded from the system time if `OsRng` fails
+- `weak_rng` now uses `thread_rng` internally
+
+
+## [0.3.17] - 2017-10-07
+### Changed
+ - Fuchsia: Magenta was renamed Zircon
+
+## [0.3.16] - 2017-07-27
+### Added
+- Implement Debug for mote non-public types
+- implement `Rand` for (i|u)i128
+- Support for Fuchsia
+
+### Changed
+- Add inline attribute to SampleRange::construct_range.
+ This improves the benchmark for sample in 11% and for shuffle in 16%.
+- Use `RtlGenRandom` instead of `CryptGenRandom`
+
+
+## [0.3.15] - 2016-11-26
+### Added
+- Add `Rng` trait method `choose_mut`
+- Redox support
+
+### Changed
+- Use `arc4rand` for `OsRng` on FreeBSD.
+- Use `arc4random(3)` for `OsRng` on OpenBSD.
+
+### Fixed
+- Fix filling buffers 4 GiB or larger with `OsRng::fill_bytes` on Windows
+
+
+## [0.3.14] - 2016-02-13
+### Fixed
+- Inline definitions from winapi/advapi32, which decreases build times
+
+
+## [0.3.13] - 2016-01-09
+### Fixed
+- Compatible with Rust 1.7.0-nightly (needed some extra type annotations)
+
+
+## [0.3.12] - 2015-11-09
+### Changed
+- Replaced the methods in `next_f32` and `next_f64` with the technique described
+ Saito & Matsumoto at MCQMC'08. The new method should exhibit a slightly more
+ uniform distribution.
+- Depend on libc 0.2
+
+### Fixed
+- Fix iterator protocol issue in `rand::sample`
+
+
+## [0.3.11] - 2015-08-31
+### Added
+- Implement `Rand` for arrays with n <= 32
+
+
+## [0.3.10] - 2015-08-17
+### Added
+- Support for NaCl platforms
+
+### Changed
+- Allow `Rng` to be `?Sized`, impl for `&mut R` and `Box<R>` where `R: ?Sized + Rng`
+
+
+## [0.3.9] - 2015-06-18
+### Changed
+- Use `winapi` for Windows API things
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed test on stable/nightly
+- Fix `getrandom` syscall number for aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+
+
+## [0.3.8] - 2015-04-23
+### Changed
+- `log` is a dev dependency
+
+### Fixed
+- Fix race condition of atomics in `is_getrandom_available`
+
+
+## [0.3.7] - 2015-04-03
+### Fixed
+- Derive Copy/Clone changes
+
+
+## [0.3.6] - 2015-04-02
+### Changed
+- Move to stable Rust!
+
+
+## [0.3.5] - 2015-04-01
+### Fixed
+- Compatible with Rust master
+
+
+## [0.3.4] - 2015-03-31
+### Added
+- Implement Clone for `Weighted`
+
+### Fixed
+- Compatible with Rust master
+
+
+## [0.3.3] - 2015-03-26
+### Fixed
+- Fix compile on Windows
+
+
+## [0.3.2] - 2015-03-26
+
+
+## [0.3.1] - 2015-03-26
+### Fixed
+- Fix compile on Windows
+
+
+## [0.3.0] - 2015-03-25
+### Changed
+- Update to use log version 0.3.x
+
+
+## [0.2.1] - 2015-03-22
+### Fixed
+- Compatible with Rust master
+- Fixed iOS compilation
+
+
+## [0.2.0] - 2015-03-06
+### Fixed
+- Compatible with Rust master (move from `old_io` to `std::io`)
+
+
+## [0.1.4] - 2015-03-04
+### Fixed
+- Compatible with Rust master (use wrapping ops)
+
+
+## [0.1.3] - 2015-02-20
+### Fixed
+- Compatible with Rust master
+
+### Removed
+- Removed Copy implementations from RNGs
+
+
+## [0.1.2] - 2015-02-03
+### Added
+- Imported functionality from `std::rand`, including:
+ - `StdRng`, `SeedableRng`, `TreadRng`, `weak_rng()`
+ - `ReaderRng`: A wrapper around any Reader to treat it as an RNG.
+- Imported documentation from `std::rand`
+- Imported tests from `std::rand`
+
+
+## [0.1.1] - 2015-02-03
+### Added
+- Migrate to a cargo-compatible directory structure.
+
+### Fixed
+- Do not use entropy during `gen_weighted_bool(1)`
+
+
+## [Rust 0.12.0] - 2014-10-09
+### Added
+- Impl Rand for tuples of arity 11 and 12
+- Include ChaCha pseudorandom generator
+- Add `next_f64` and `next_f32` to Rng
+- Implement Clone for PRNGs
+
+### Changed
+- Rename `TaskRng` to `ThreadRng` and `task_rng` to `thread_rng` (since a
+ runtime is removed from Rust).
+
+### Fixed
+- Improved performance of ISAAC and ISAAC64 by 30% and 12 % respectively, by
+ informing the optimiser that indexing is never out-of-bounds.
+
+### Removed
+- Removed the Deprecated `choose_option`
+
+
+## [Rust 0.11.0] - 2014-07-02
+### Added
+- document when to use `OSRng` in cryptographic context, and explain why we use `/dev/urandom` instead of `/dev/random`
+- `Rng::gen_iter()` which will return an infinite stream of random values
+- `Rng::gen_ascii_chars()` which will return an infinite stream of random ascii characters
+
+### Changed
+- Now only depends on libcore!
+- Remove `Rng.choose()`, rename `Rng.choose_option()` to `.choose()`
+- Rename OSRng to OsRng
+- The WeightedChoice structure is no longer built with a `Vec<Weighted<T>>`,
+ but rather a `&mut [Weighted<T>]`. This means that the WeightedChoice
+ structure now has a lifetime associated with it.
+- The `sample` method on `Rng` has been moved to a top-level function in the
+ `rand` module due to its dependence on `Vec`.
+
+### Removed
+- `Rng::gen_vec()` was removed. Previous behavior can be regained with
+ `rng.gen_iter().take(n).collect()`
+- `Rng::gen_ascii_str()` was removed. Previous behavior can be regained with
+ `rng.gen_ascii_chars().take(n).collect()`
+- {IsaacRng, Isaac64Rng, XorShiftRng}::new() have all been removed. These all
+ relied on being able to use an OSRng for seeding, but this is no longer
+ available in librand (where these types are defined). To retain the same
+ functionality, these types now implement the `Rand` trait so they can be
+ generated with a random seed from another random number generator. This allows
+ the stdlib to use an OSRng to create seeded instances of these RNGs.
+- Rand implementations for `Box<T>` and `@T` were removed. These seemed to be
+ pretty rare in the codebase, and it allows for librand to not depend on
+ liballoc. Additionally, other pointer types like Rc<T> and Arc<T> were not
+ supported.
+- Remove a slew of old deprecated functions
+
+
+## [Rust 0.10] - 2014-04-03
+### Changed
+- replace `Rng.shuffle's` functionality with `.shuffle_mut`
+- bubble up IO errors when creating an OSRng
+
+### Fixed
+- Use `fill()` instead of `read()`
+- Rewrite OsRng in Rust for windows
+
+## [0.10-pre] - 2014-03-02
+### Added
+- Separate `rand` out of the standard library
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/COPYRIGHT b/third_party/rust/rand/COPYRIGHT
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..468d907caf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/COPYRIGHT
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Copyrights in the Rand project are retained by their contributors. No
+copyright assignment is required to contribute to the Rand project.
+
+For full authorship information, see the version control history.
+
+Except as otherwise noted (below and/or in individual files), Rand is
+licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE> or
+<http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+<LICENSE-MIT> or <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your option.
+
+The Rand project includes code from the Rust project
+published under these same licenses.
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/Cargo.toml b/third_party/rust/rand/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f38081ee0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY CARGO
+#
+# When uploading crates to the registry Cargo will automatically
+# "normalize" Cargo.toml files for maximal compatibility
+# with all versions of Cargo and also rewrite `path` dependencies
+# to registry (e.g., crates.io) dependencies.
+#
+# If you are reading this file be aware that the original Cargo.toml
+# will likely look very different (and much more reasonable).
+# See Cargo.toml.orig for the original contents.
+
+[package]
+edition = "2018"
+name = "rand"
+version = "0.8.5"
+authors = ["The Rand Project Developers", "The Rust Project Developers"]
+include = ["src/", "LICENSE-*", "README.md", "CHANGELOG.md", "COPYRIGHT"]
+autobenches = true
+description = "Random number generators and other randomness functionality.\n"
+homepage = "https://rust-random.github.io/book"
+documentation = "https://docs.rs/rand"
+readme = "README.md"
+keywords = ["random", "rng"]
+categories = ["algorithms", "no-std"]
+license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
+repository = "https://github.com/rust-random/rand"
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+all-features = true
+rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "doc_cfg"]
+
+[package.metadata.playground]
+features = ["small_rng", "serde1"]
+[dependencies.log]
+version = "0.4.4"
+optional = true
+
+[dependencies.packed_simd]
+version = "0.3.7"
+features = ["into_bits"]
+optional = true
+package = "packed_simd_2"
+
+[dependencies.rand_chacha]
+version = "0.3.0"
+optional = true
+default-features = false
+
+[dependencies.rand_core]
+version = "0.6.0"
+
+[dependencies.serde]
+version = "1.0.103"
+features = ["derive"]
+optional = true
+[dev-dependencies.bincode]
+version = "1.2.1"
+
+[dev-dependencies.rand_pcg]
+version = "0.3.0"
+
+[features]
+alloc = ["rand_core/alloc"]
+default = ["std", "std_rng"]
+getrandom = ["rand_core/getrandom"]
+min_const_gen = []
+nightly = []
+serde1 = ["serde", "rand_core/serde1"]
+simd_support = ["packed_simd"]
+small_rng = []
+std = ["rand_core/std", "rand_chacha/std", "alloc", "getrandom", "libc"]
+std_rng = ["rand_chacha"]
+[target."cfg(unix)".dependencies.libc]
+version = "0.2.22"
+optional = true
+default-features = false
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/LICENSE-APACHE b/third_party/rust/rand/LICENSE-APACHE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..494ad3bfdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/LICENSE-APACHE
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+ Apache License
+ Version 2.0, January 2004
+ https://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+1. Definitions.
+
+ "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
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+5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+ any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
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+6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
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+8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+ whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+ unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
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+ liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
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+END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/LICENSE-MIT b/third_party/rust/rand/LICENSE-MIT
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d93b5baf34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/LICENSE-MIT
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project
+Copyright (c) 2014 The Rust Project Developers
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any
+person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
+documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the
+Software without restriction, including without
+limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software
+is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice
+shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
+of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
+ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/README.md b/third_party/rust/rand/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44c2e4d518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+# Rand
+
+[![Test Status](https://github.com/rust-random/rand/workflows/Tests/badge.svg?event=push)](https://github.com/rust-random/rand/actions)
+[![Crate](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/rand.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/rand)
+[![Book](https://img.shields.io/badge/book-master-yellow.svg)](https://rust-random.github.io/book/)
+[![API](https://img.shields.io/badge/api-master-yellow.svg)](https://rust-random.github.io/rand/rand)
+[![API](https://docs.rs/rand/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/rand)
+[![Minimum rustc version](https://img.shields.io/badge/rustc-1.36+-lightgray.svg)](https://github.com/rust-random/rand#rust-version-requirements)
+
+A Rust library for random number generation, featuring:
+
+- Easy random value generation and usage via the [`Rng`](https://docs.rs/rand/*/rand/trait.Rng.html),
+ [`SliceRandom`](https://docs.rs/rand/*/rand/seq/trait.SliceRandom.html) and
+ [`IteratorRandom`](https://docs.rs/rand/*/rand/seq/trait.IteratorRandom.html) traits
+- Secure seeding via the [`getrandom` crate](https://crates.io/crates/getrandom)
+ and fast, convenient generation via [`thread_rng`](https://docs.rs/rand/*/rand/fn.thread_rng.html)
+- A modular design built over [`rand_core`](https://crates.io/crates/rand_core)
+ ([see the book](https://rust-random.github.io/book/crates.html))
+- Fast implementations of the best-in-class [cryptographic](https://rust-random.github.io/book/guide-rngs.html#cryptographically-secure-pseudo-random-number-generators-csprngs) and
+ [non-cryptographic](https://rust-random.github.io/book/guide-rngs.html#basic-pseudo-random-number-generators-prngs) generators
+- A flexible [`distributions`](https://docs.rs/rand/*/rand/distributions/index.html) module
+- Samplers for a large number of random number distributions via our own
+ [`rand_distr`](https://docs.rs/rand_distr) and via
+ the [`statrs`](https://docs.rs/statrs/0.13.0/statrs/)
+- [Portably reproducible output](https://rust-random.github.io/book/portability.html)
+- `#[no_std]` compatibility (partial)
+- *Many* performance optimisations
+
+It's also worth pointing out what `rand` *is not*:
+
+- Small. Most low-level crates are small, but the higher-level `rand` and
+ `rand_distr` each contain a lot of functionality.
+- Simple (implementation). We have a strong focus on correctness, speed and flexibility, but
+ not simplicity. If you prefer a small-and-simple library, there are
+ alternatives including [fastrand](https://crates.io/crates/fastrand)
+ and [oorandom](https://crates.io/crates/oorandom).
+- Slow. We take performance seriously, with considerations also for set-up
+ time of new distributions, commonly-used parameters, and parameters of the
+ current sampler.
+
+Documentation:
+
+- [The Rust Rand Book](https://rust-random.github.io/book)
+- [API reference (master branch)](https://rust-random.github.io/rand)
+- [API reference (docs.rs)](https://docs.rs/rand)
+
+
+## Usage
+
+Add this to your `Cargo.toml`:
+
+```toml
+[dependencies]
+rand = "0.8.4"
+```
+
+To get started using Rand, see [The Book](https://rust-random.github.io/book).
+
+
+## Versions
+
+Rand is *mature* (suitable for general usage, with infrequent breaking releases
+which minimise breakage) but not yet at 1.0. We maintain compatibility with
+pinned versions of the Rust compiler (see below).
+
+Current Rand versions are:
+
+- Version 0.7 was released in June 2019, moving most non-uniform distributions
+ to an external crate, moving `from_entropy` to `SeedableRng`, and many small
+ changes and fixes.
+- Version 0.8 was released in December 2020 with many small changes.
+
+A detailed [changelog](CHANGELOG.md) is available for releases.
+
+When upgrading to the next minor series (especially 0.4 β†’ 0.5), we recommend
+reading the [Upgrade Guide](https://rust-random.github.io/book/update.html).
+
+Rand has not yet reached 1.0 implying some breaking changes may arrive in the
+future ([SemVer](https://semver.org/) allows each 0.x.0 release to include
+breaking changes), but is considered *mature*: breaking changes are minimised
+and breaking releases are infrequent.
+
+Rand libs have inter-dependencies and make use of the
+[semver trick](https://github.com/dtolnay/semver-trick/) in order to make traits
+compatible across crate versions. (This is especially important for `RngCore`
+and `SeedableRng`.) A few crate releases are thus compatibility shims,
+depending on the *next* lib version (e.g. `rand_core` versions `0.2.2` and
+`0.3.1`). This means, for example, that `rand_core_0_4_0::SeedableRng` and
+`rand_core_0_3_0::SeedableRng` are distinct, incompatible traits, which can
+cause build errors. Usually, running `cargo update` is enough to fix any issues.
+
+### Yanked versions
+
+Some versions of Rand crates have been yanked ("unreleased"). Where this occurs,
+the crate's CHANGELOG *should* be updated with a rationale, and a search on the
+issue tracker with the keyword `yank` *should* uncover the motivation.
+
+### Rust version requirements
+
+Since version 0.8, Rand requires **Rustc version 1.36 or greater**.
+Rand 0.7 requires Rustc 1.32 or greater while versions 0.5 require Rustc 1.22 or
+greater, and 0.4 and 0.3 (since approx. June 2017) require Rustc version 1.15 or
+greater. Subsets of the Rand code may work with older Rust versions, but this is
+not supported.
+
+Continuous Integration (CI) will always test the minimum supported Rustc version
+(the MSRV). The current policy is that this can be updated in any
+Rand release if required, but the change must be noted in the changelog.
+
+## Crate Features
+
+Rand is built with these features enabled by default:
+
+- `std` enables functionality dependent on the `std` lib
+- `alloc` (implied by `std`) enables functionality requiring an allocator
+- `getrandom` (implied by `std`) is an optional dependency providing the code
+ behind `rngs::OsRng`
+- `std_rng` enables inclusion of `StdRng`, `thread_rng` and `random`
+ (the latter two *also* require that `std` be enabled)
+
+Optionally, the following dependencies can be enabled:
+
+- `log` enables logging via the `log` crate
+
+Additionally, these features configure Rand:
+
+- `small_rng` enables inclusion of the `SmallRng` PRNG
+- `nightly` enables some optimizations requiring nightly Rust
+- `simd_support` (experimental) enables sampling of SIMD values
+ (uniformly random SIMD integers and floats), requiring nightly Rust
+- `min_const_gen` enables generating random arrays of
+ any size using min-const-generics, requiring Rust β‰₯ 1.51.
+
+Note that nightly features are not stable and therefore not all library and
+compiler versions will be compatible. This is especially true of Rand's
+experimental `simd_support` feature.
+
+Rand supports limited functionality in `no_std` mode (enabled via
+`default-features = false`). In this case, `OsRng` and `from_entropy` are
+unavailable (unless `getrandom` is enabled), large parts of `seq` are
+unavailable (unless `alloc` is enabled), and `thread_rng` and `random` are
+unavailable.
+
+### WASM support
+
+The WASM target `wasm32-unknown-unknown` is not *automatically* supported by
+`rand` or `getrandom`. To solve this, either use a different target such as
+`wasm32-wasi` or add a direct dependency on `getrandom` with the `js` feature
+(if the target supports JavaScript). See
+[getrandom#WebAssembly support](https://docs.rs/getrandom/latest/getrandom/#webassembly-support).
+
+# License
+
+Rand is distributed under the terms of both the MIT license and the
+Apache License (Version 2.0).
+
+See [LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) and [LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT), and
+[COPYRIGHT](COPYRIGHT) for details.
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/bernoulli.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/bernoulli.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..226db79fa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/bernoulli.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! The Bernoulli distribution.
+
+use crate::distributions::Distribution;
+use crate::Rng;
+use core::{fmt, u64};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "serde1")]
+use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
+/// The Bernoulli distribution.
+///
+/// This is a special case of the Binomial distribution where `n = 1`.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rand::distributions::{Bernoulli, Distribution};
+///
+/// let d = Bernoulli::new(0.3).unwrap();
+/// let v = d.sample(&mut rand::thread_rng());
+/// println!("{} is from a Bernoulli distribution", v);
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Precision
+///
+/// This `Bernoulli` distribution uses 64 bits from the RNG (a `u64`),
+/// so only probabilities that are multiples of 2<sup>-64</sup> can be
+/// represented.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde1", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct Bernoulli {
+ /// Probability of success, relative to the maximal integer.
+ p_int: u64,
+}
+
+// To sample from the Bernoulli distribution we use a method that compares a
+// random `u64` value `v < (p * 2^64)`.
+//
+// If `p == 1.0`, the integer `v` to compare against can not represented as a
+// `u64`. We manually set it to `u64::MAX` instead (2^64 - 1 instead of 2^64).
+// Note that value of `p < 1.0` can never result in `u64::MAX`, because an
+// `f64` only has 53 bits of precision, and the next largest value of `p` will
+// result in `2^64 - 2048`.
+//
+// Also there is a 100% theoretical concern: if someone consistently wants to
+// generate `true` using the Bernoulli distribution (i.e. by using a probability
+// of `1.0`), just using `u64::MAX` is not enough. On average it would return
+// false once every 2^64 iterations. Some people apparently care about this
+// case.
+//
+// That is why we special-case `u64::MAX` to always return `true`, without using
+// the RNG, and pay the performance price for all uses that *are* reasonable.
+// Luckily, if `new()` and `sample` are close, the compiler can optimize out the
+// extra check.
+const ALWAYS_TRUE: u64 = u64::MAX;
+
+// This is just `2.0.powi(64)`, but written this way because it is not available
+// in `no_std` mode.
+const SCALE: f64 = 2.0 * (1u64 << 63) as f64;
+
+/// Error type returned from `Bernoulli::new`.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum BernoulliError {
+ /// `p < 0` or `p > 1`.
+ InvalidProbability,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for BernoulliError {
+ fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+ f.write_str(match self {
+ BernoulliError::InvalidProbability => "p is outside [0, 1] in Bernoulli distribution",
+ })
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+impl ::std::error::Error for BernoulliError {}
+
+impl Bernoulli {
+ /// Construct a new `Bernoulli` with the given probability of success `p`.
+ ///
+ /// # Precision
+ ///
+ /// For `p = 1.0`, the resulting distribution will always generate true.
+ /// For `p = 0.0`, the resulting distribution will always generate false.
+ ///
+ /// This method is accurate for any input `p` in the range `[0, 1]` which is
+ /// a multiple of 2<sup>-64</sup>. (Note that not all multiples of
+ /// 2<sup>-64</sup> in `[0, 1]` can be represented as a `f64`.)
+ #[inline]
+ pub fn new(p: f64) -> Result<Bernoulli, BernoulliError> {
+ if !(0.0..1.0).contains(&p) {
+ if p == 1.0 {
+ return Ok(Bernoulli { p_int: ALWAYS_TRUE });
+ }
+ return Err(BernoulliError::InvalidProbability);
+ }
+ Ok(Bernoulli {
+ p_int: (p * SCALE) as u64,
+ })
+ }
+
+ /// Construct a new `Bernoulli` with the probability of success of
+ /// `numerator`-in-`denominator`. I.e. `new_ratio(2, 3)` will return
+ /// a `Bernoulli` with a 2-in-3 chance, or about 67%, of returning `true`.
+ ///
+ /// return `true`. If `numerator == 0` it will always return `false`.
+ /// For `numerator > denominator` and `denominator == 0`, this returns an
+ /// error. Otherwise, for `numerator == denominator`, samples are always
+ /// true; for `numerator == 0` samples are always false.
+ #[inline]
+ pub fn from_ratio(numerator: u32, denominator: u32) -> Result<Bernoulli, BernoulliError> {
+ if numerator > denominator || denominator == 0 {
+ return Err(BernoulliError::InvalidProbability);
+ }
+ if numerator == denominator {
+ return Ok(Bernoulli { p_int: ALWAYS_TRUE });
+ }
+ let p_int = ((f64::from(numerator) / f64::from(denominator)) * SCALE) as u64;
+ Ok(Bernoulli { p_int })
+ }
+}
+
+impl Distribution<bool> for Bernoulli {
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> bool {
+ // Make sure to always return true for p = 1.0.
+ if self.p_int == ALWAYS_TRUE {
+ return true;
+ }
+ let v: u64 = rng.gen();
+ v < self.p_int
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+ use super::Bernoulli;
+ use crate::distributions::Distribution;
+ use crate::Rng;
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg(feature="serde1")]
+ fn test_serializing_deserializing_bernoulli() {
+ let coin_flip = Bernoulli::new(0.5).unwrap();
+ let de_coin_flip : Bernoulli = bincode::deserialize(&bincode::serialize(&coin_flip).unwrap()).unwrap();
+
+ assert_eq!(coin_flip.p_int, de_coin_flip.p_int);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_trivial() {
+ // We prefer to be explicit here.
+ #![allow(clippy::bool_assert_comparison)]
+
+ let mut r = crate::test::rng(1);
+ let always_false = Bernoulli::new(0.0).unwrap();
+ let always_true = Bernoulli::new(1.0).unwrap();
+ for _ in 0..5 {
+ assert_eq!(r.sample::<bool, _>(&always_false), false);
+ assert_eq!(r.sample::<bool, _>(&always_true), true);
+ assert_eq!(Distribution::<bool>::sample(&always_false, &mut r), false);
+ assert_eq!(Distribution::<bool>::sample(&always_true, &mut r), true);
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // Miri is too slow
+ fn test_average() {
+ const P: f64 = 0.3;
+ const NUM: u32 = 3;
+ const DENOM: u32 = 10;
+ let d1 = Bernoulli::new(P).unwrap();
+ let d2 = Bernoulli::from_ratio(NUM, DENOM).unwrap();
+ const N: u32 = 100_000;
+
+ let mut sum1: u32 = 0;
+ let mut sum2: u32 = 0;
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(2);
+ for _ in 0..N {
+ if d1.sample(&mut rng) {
+ sum1 += 1;
+ }
+ if d2.sample(&mut rng) {
+ sum2 += 1;
+ }
+ }
+ let avg1 = (sum1 as f64) / (N as f64);
+ assert!((avg1 - P).abs() < 5e-3);
+
+ let avg2 = (sum2 as f64) / (N as f64);
+ assert!((avg2 - (NUM as f64) / (DENOM as f64)).abs() < 5e-3);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn value_stability() {
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(3);
+ let distr = Bernoulli::new(0.4532).unwrap();
+ let mut buf = [false; 10];
+ for x in &mut buf {
+ *x = rng.sample(&distr);
+ }
+ assert_eq!(buf, [
+ true, false, false, true, false, false, true, true, true, true
+ ]);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn bernoulli_distributions_can_be_compared() {
+ assert_eq!(Bernoulli::new(1.0), Bernoulli::new(1.0));
+ }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/distribution.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/distribution.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c5cf6a607b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/distribution.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+// Copyright 2013-2017 The Rust Project Developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Distribution trait and associates
+
+use crate::Rng;
+use core::iter;
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+use alloc::string::String;
+
+/// Types (distributions) that can be used to create a random instance of `T`.
+///
+/// It is possible to sample from a distribution through both the
+/// `Distribution` and [`Rng`] traits, via `distr.sample(&mut rng)` and
+/// `rng.sample(distr)`. They also both offer the [`sample_iter`] method, which
+/// produces an iterator that samples from the distribution.
+///
+/// All implementations are expected to be immutable; this has the significant
+/// advantage of not needing to consider thread safety, and for most
+/// distributions efficient state-less sampling algorithms are available.
+///
+/// Implementations are typically expected to be portable with reproducible
+/// results when used with a PRNG with fixed seed; see the
+/// [portability chapter](https://rust-random.github.io/book/portability.html)
+/// of The Rust Rand Book. In some cases this does not apply, e.g. the `usize`
+/// type requires different sampling on 32-bit and 64-bit machines.
+///
+/// [`sample_iter`]: Distribution::sample_iter
+pub trait Distribution<T> {
+ /// Generate a random value of `T`, using `rng` as the source of randomness.
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> T;
+
+ /// Create an iterator that generates random values of `T`, using `rng` as
+ /// the source of randomness.
+ ///
+ /// Note that this function takes `self` by value. This works since
+ /// `Distribution<T>` is impl'd for `&D` where `D: Distribution<T>`,
+ /// however borrowing is not automatic hence `distr.sample_iter(...)` may
+ /// need to be replaced with `(&distr).sample_iter(...)` to borrow or
+ /// `(&*distr).sample_iter(...)` to reborrow an existing reference.
+ ///
+ /// # Example
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use rand::thread_rng;
+ /// use rand::distributions::{Distribution, Alphanumeric, Uniform, Standard};
+ ///
+ /// let mut rng = thread_rng();
+ ///
+ /// // Vec of 16 x f32:
+ /// let v: Vec<f32> = Standard.sample_iter(&mut rng).take(16).collect();
+ ///
+ /// // String:
+ /// let s: String = Alphanumeric
+ /// .sample_iter(&mut rng)
+ /// .take(7)
+ /// .map(char::from)
+ /// .collect();
+ ///
+ /// // Dice-rolling:
+ /// let die_range = Uniform::new_inclusive(1, 6);
+ /// let mut roll_die = die_range.sample_iter(&mut rng);
+ /// while roll_die.next().unwrap() != 6 {
+ /// println!("Not a 6; rolling again!");
+ /// }
+ /// ```
+ fn sample_iter<R>(self, rng: R) -> DistIter<Self, R, T>
+ where
+ R: Rng,
+ Self: Sized,
+ {
+ DistIter {
+ distr: self,
+ rng,
+ phantom: ::core::marker::PhantomData,
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// Create a distribution of values of 'S' by mapping the output of `Self`
+ /// through the closure `F`
+ ///
+ /// # Example
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use rand::thread_rng;
+ /// use rand::distributions::{Distribution, Uniform};
+ ///
+ /// let mut rng = thread_rng();
+ ///
+ /// let die = Uniform::new_inclusive(1, 6);
+ /// let even_number = die.map(|num| num % 2 == 0);
+ /// while !even_number.sample(&mut rng) {
+ /// println!("Still odd; rolling again!");
+ /// }
+ /// ```
+ fn map<F, S>(self, func: F) -> DistMap<Self, F, T, S>
+ where
+ F: Fn(T) -> S,
+ Self: Sized,
+ {
+ DistMap {
+ distr: self,
+ func,
+ phantom: ::core::marker::PhantomData,
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T, D: Distribution<T>> Distribution<T> for &'a D {
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> T {
+ (*self).sample(rng)
+ }
+}
+
+/// An iterator that generates random values of `T` with distribution `D`,
+/// using `R` as the source of randomness.
+///
+/// This `struct` is created by the [`sample_iter`] method on [`Distribution`].
+/// See its documentation for more.
+///
+/// [`sample_iter`]: Distribution::sample_iter
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct DistIter<D, R, T> {
+ distr: D,
+ rng: R,
+ phantom: ::core::marker::PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+impl<D, R, T> Iterator for DistIter<D, R, T>
+where
+ D: Distribution<T>,
+ R: Rng,
+{
+ type Item = T;
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn next(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
+ // Here, self.rng may be a reference, but we must take &mut anyway.
+ // Even if sample could take an R: Rng by value, we would need to do this
+ // since Rng is not copyable and we cannot enforce that this is "reborrowable".
+ Some(self.distr.sample(&mut self.rng))
+ }
+
+ fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
+ (usize::max_value(), None)
+ }
+}
+
+impl<D, R, T> iter::FusedIterator for DistIter<D, R, T>
+where
+ D: Distribution<T>,
+ R: Rng,
+{
+}
+
+#[cfg(features = "nightly")]
+impl<D, R, T> iter::TrustedLen for DistIter<D, R, T>
+where
+ D: Distribution<T>,
+ R: Rng,
+{
+}
+
+/// A distribution of values of type `S` derived from the distribution `D`
+/// by mapping its output of type `T` through the closure `F`.
+///
+/// This `struct` is created by the [`Distribution::map`] method.
+/// See its documentation for more.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct DistMap<D, F, T, S> {
+ distr: D,
+ func: F,
+ phantom: ::core::marker::PhantomData<fn(T) -> S>,
+}
+
+impl<D, F, T, S> Distribution<S> for DistMap<D, F, T, S>
+where
+ D: Distribution<T>,
+ F: Fn(T) -> S,
+{
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> S {
+ (self.func)(self.distr.sample(rng))
+ }
+}
+
+/// `String` sampler
+///
+/// Sampling a `String` of random characters is not quite the same as collecting
+/// a sequence of chars. This trait contains some helpers.
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+pub trait DistString {
+ /// Append `len` random chars to `string`
+ fn append_string<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R, string: &mut String, len: usize);
+
+ /// Generate a `String` of `len` random chars
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample_string<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R, len: usize) -> String {
+ let mut s = String::new();
+ self.append_string(rng, &mut s, len);
+ s
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use crate::distributions::{Distribution, Uniform};
+ use crate::Rng;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_distributions_iter() {
+ use crate::distributions::Open01;
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(210);
+ let distr = Open01;
+ let mut iter = Distribution::<f32>::sample_iter(distr, &mut rng);
+ let mut sum: f32 = 0.;
+ for _ in 0..100 {
+ sum += iter.next().unwrap();
+ }
+ assert!(0. < sum && sum < 100.);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_distributions_map() {
+ let dist = Uniform::new_inclusive(0, 5).map(|val| val + 15);
+
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(212);
+ let val = dist.sample(&mut rng);
+ assert!((15..=20).contains(&val));
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_make_an_iter() {
+ fn ten_dice_rolls_other_than_five<R: Rng>(
+ rng: &mut R,
+ ) -> impl Iterator<Item = i32> + '_ {
+ Uniform::new_inclusive(1, 6)
+ .sample_iter(rng)
+ .filter(|x| *x != 5)
+ .take(10)
+ }
+
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(211);
+ let mut count = 0;
+ for val in ten_dice_rolls_other_than_five(&mut rng) {
+ assert!((1..=6).contains(&val) && val != 5);
+ count += 1;
+ }
+ assert_eq!(count, 10);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+ fn test_dist_string() {
+ use core::str;
+ use crate::distributions::{Alphanumeric, DistString, Standard};
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(213);
+
+ let s1 = Alphanumeric.sample_string(&mut rng, 20);
+ assert_eq!(s1.len(), 20);
+ assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(s1.as_bytes()), Ok(s1.as_str()));
+
+ let s2 = Standard.sample_string(&mut rng, 20);
+ assert_eq!(s2.chars().count(), 20);
+ assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(s2.as_bytes()), Ok(s2.as_str()));
+ }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/float.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/float.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce5946f7f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/float.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Basic floating-point number distributions
+
+use crate::distributions::utils::FloatSIMDUtils;
+use crate::distributions::{Distribution, Standard};
+use crate::Rng;
+use core::mem;
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")] use packed_simd::*;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "serde1")]
+use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
+
+/// A distribution to sample floating point numbers uniformly in the half-open
+/// interval `(0, 1]`, i.e. including 1 but not 0.
+///
+/// All values that can be generated are of the form `n * Ξ΅/2`. For `f32`
+/// the 24 most significant random bits of a `u32` are used and for `f64` the
+/// 53 most significant bits of a `u64` are used. The conversion uses the
+/// multiplicative method.
+///
+/// See also: [`Standard`] which samples from `[0, 1)`, [`Open01`]
+/// which samples from `(0, 1)` and [`Uniform`] which samples from arbitrary
+/// ranges.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```
+/// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
+/// use rand::distributions::OpenClosed01;
+///
+/// let val: f32 = thread_rng().sample(OpenClosed01);
+/// println!("f32 from (0, 1): {}", val);
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`Standard`]: crate::distributions::Standard
+/// [`Open01`]: crate::distributions::Open01
+/// [`Uniform`]: crate::distributions::uniform::Uniform
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde1", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct OpenClosed01;
+
+/// A distribution to sample floating point numbers uniformly in the open
+/// interval `(0, 1)`, i.e. not including either endpoint.
+///
+/// All values that can be generated are of the form `n * Ξ΅ + Ξ΅/2`. For `f32`
+/// the 23 most significant random bits of an `u32` are used, for `f64` 52 from
+/// an `u64`. The conversion uses a transmute-based method.
+///
+/// See also: [`Standard`] which samples from `[0, 1)`, [`OpenClosed01`]
+/// which samples from `(0, 1]` and [`Uniform`] which samples from arbitrary
+/// ranges.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```
+/// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
+/// use rand::distributions::Open01;
+///
+/// let val: f32 = thread_rng().sample(Open01);
+/// println!("f32 from (0, 1): {}", val);
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`Standard`]: crate::distributions::Standard
+/// [`OpenClosed01`]: crate::distributions::OpenClosed01
+/// [`Uniform`]: crate::distributions::uniform::Uniform
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde1", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct Open01;
+
+
+// This trait is needed by both this lib and rand_distr hence is a hidden export
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub trait IntoFloat {
+ type F;
+
+ /// Helper method to combine the fraction and a constant exponent into a
+ /// float.
+ ///
+ /// Only the least significant bits of `self` may be set, 23 for `f32` and
+ /// 52 for `f64`.
+ /// The resulting value will fall in a range that depends on the exponent.
+ /// As an example the range with exponent 0 will be
+ /// [2<sup>0</sup>..2<sup>1</sup>), which is [1..2).
+ fn into_float_with_exponent(self, exponent: i32) -> Self::F;
+}
+
+macro_rules! float_impls {
+ ($ty:ident, $uty:ident, $f_scalar:ident, $u_scalar:ty,
+ $fraction_bits:expr, $exponent_bias:expr) => {
+ impl IntoFloat for $uty {
+ type F = $ty;
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn into_float_with_exponent(self, exponent: i32) -> $ty {
+ // The exponent is encoded using an offset-binary representation
+ let exponent_bits: $u_scalar =
+ (($exponent_bias + exponent) as $u_scalar) << $fraction_bits;
+ $ty::from_bits(self | exponent_bits)
+ }
+ }
+
+ impl Distribution<$ty> for Standard {
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> $ty {
+ // Multiply-based method; 24/53 random bits; [0, 1) interval.
+ // We use the most significant bits because for simple RNGs
+ // those are usually more random.
+ let float_size = mem::size_of::<$f_scalar>() as u32 * 8;
+ let precision = $fraction_bits + 1;
+ let scale = 1.0 / ((1 as $u_scalar << precision) as $f_scalar);
+
+ let value: $uty = rng.gen();
+ let value = value >> (float_size - precision);
+ scale * $ty::cast_from_int(value)
+ }
+ }
+
+ impl Distribution<$ty> for OpenClosed01 {
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> $ty {
+ // Multiply-based method; 24/53 random bits; (0, 1] interval.
+ // We use the most significant bits because for simple RNGs
+ // those are usually more random.
+ let float_size = mem::size_of::<$f_scalar>() as u32 * 8;
+ let precision = $fraction_bits + 1;
+ let scale = 1.0 / ((1 as $u_scalar << precision) as $f_scalar);
+
+ let value: $uty = rng.gen();
+ let value = value >> (float_size - precision);
+ // Add 1 to shift up; will not overflow because of right-shift:
+ scale * $ty::cast_from_int(value + 1)
+ }
+ }
+
+ impl Distribution<$ty> for Open01 {
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> $ty {
+ // Transmute-based method; 23/52 random bits; (0, 1) interval.
+ // We use the most significant bits because for simple RNGs
+ // those are usually more random.
+ use core::$f_scalar::EPSILON;
+ let float_size = mem::size_of::<$f_scalar>() as u32 * 8;
+
+ let value: $uty = rng.gen();
+ let fraction = value >> (float_size - $fraction_bits);
+ fraction.into_float_with_exponent(0) - (1.0 - EPSILON / 2.0)
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+float_impls! { f32, u32, f32, u32, 23, 127 }
+float_impls! { f64, u64, f64, u64, 52, 1023 }
+
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+float_impls! { f32x2, u32x2, f32, u32, 23, 127 }
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+float_impls! { f32x4, u32x4, f32, u32, 23, 127 }
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+float_impls! { f32x8, u32x8, f32, u32, 23, 127 }
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+float_impls! { f32x16, u32x16, f32, u32, 23, 127 }
+
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+float_impls! { f64x2, u64x2, f64, u64, 52, 1023 }
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+float_impls! { f64x4, u64x4, f64, u64, 52, 1023 }
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+float_impls! { f64x8, u64x8, f64, u64, 52, 1023 }
+
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+ use crate::rngs::mock::StepRng;
+
+ const EPSILON32: f32 = ::core::f32::EPSILON;
+ const EPSILON64: f64 = ::core::f64::EPSILON;
+
+ macro_rules! test_f32 {
+ ($fnn:ident, $ty:ident, $ZERO:expr, $EPSILON:expr) => {
+ #[test]
+ fn $fnn() {
+ // Standard
+ let mut zeros = StepRng::new(0, 0);
+ assert_eq!(zeros.gen::<$ty>(), $ZERO);
+ let mut one = StepRng::new(1 << 8 | 1 << (8 + 32), 0);
+ assert_eq!(one.gen::<$ty>(), $EPSILON / 2.0);
+ let mut max = StepRng::new(!0, 0);
+ assert_eq!(max.gen::<$ty>(), 1.0 - $EPSILON / 2.0);
+
+ // OpenClosed01
+ let mut zeros = StepRng::new(0, 0);
+ assert_eq!(zeros.sample::<$ty, _>(OpenClosed01), 0.0 + $EPSILON / 2.0);
+ let mut one = StepRng::new(1 << 8 | 1 << (8 + 32), 0);
+ assert_eq!(one.sample::<$ty, _>(OpenClosed01), $EPSILON);
+ let mut max = StepRng::new(!0, 0);
+ assert_eq!(max.sample::<$ty, _>(OpenClosed01), $ZERO + 1.0);
+
+ // Open01
+ let mut zeros = StepRng::new(0, 0);
+ assert_eq!(zeros.sample::<$ty, _>(Open01), 0.0 + $EPSILON / 2.0);
+ let mut one = StepRng::new(1 << 9 | 1 << (9 + 32), 0);
+ assert_eq!(one.sample::<$ty, _>(Open01), $EPSILON / 2.0 * 3.0);
+ let mut max = StepRng::new(!0, 0);
+ assert_eq!(max.sample::<$ty, _>(Open01), 1.0 - $EPSILON / 2.0);
+ }
+ };
+ }
+ test_f32! { f32_edge_cases, f32, 0.0, EPSILON32 }
+ #[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+ test_f32! { f32x2_edge_cases, f32x2, f32x2::splat(0.0), f32x2::splat(EPSILON32) }
+ #[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+ test_f32! { f32x4_edge_cases, f32x4, f32x4::splat(0.0), f32x4::splat(EPSILON32) }
+ #[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+ test_f32! { f32x8_edge_cases, f32x8, f32x8::splat(0.0), f32x8::splat(EPSILON32) }
+ #[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+ test_f32! { f32x16_edge_cases, f32x16, f32x16::splat(0.0), f32x16::splat(EPSILON32) }
+
+ macro_rules! test_f64 {
+ ($fnn:ident, $ty:ident, $ZERO:expr, $EPSILON:expr) => {
+ #[test]
+ fn $fnn() {
+ // Standard
+ let mut zeros = StepRng::new(0, 0);
+ assert_eq!(zeros.gen::<$ty>(), $ZERO);
+ let mut one = StepRng::new(1 << 11, 0);
+ assert_eq!(one.gen::<$ty>(), $EPSILON / 2.0);
+ let mut max = StepRng::new(!0, 0);
+ assert_eq!(max.gen::<$ty>(), 1.0 - $EPSILON / 2.0);
+
+ // OpenClosed01
+ let mut zeros = StepRng::new(0, 0);
+ assert_eq!(zeros.sample::<$ty, _>(OpenClosed01), 0.0 + $EPSILON / 2.0);
+ let mut one = StepRng::new(1 << 11, 0);
+ assert_eq!(one.sample::<$ty, _>(OpenClosed01), $EPSILON);
+ let mut max = StepRng::new(!0, 0);
+ assert_eq!(max.sample::<$ty, _>(OpenClosed01), $ZERO + 1.0);
+
+ // Open01
+ let mut zeros = StepRng::new(0, 0);
+ assert_eq!(zeros.sample::<$ty, _>(Open01), 0.0 + $EPSILON / 2.0);
+ let mut one = StepRng::new(1 << 12, 0);
+ assert_eq!(one.sample::<$ty, _>(Open01), $EPSILON / 2.0 * 3.0);
+ let mut max = StepRng::new(!0, 0);
+ assert_eq!(max.sample::<$ty, _>(Open01), 1.0 - $EPSILON / 2.0);
+ }
+ };
+ }
+ test_f64! { f64_edge_cases, f64, 0.0, EPSILON64 }
+ #[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+ test_f64! { f64x2_edge_cases, f64x2, f64x2::splat(0.0), f64x2::splat(EPSILON64) }
+ #[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+ test_f64! { f64x4_edge_cases, f64x4, f64x4::splat(0.0), f64x4::splat(EPSILON64) }
+ #[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+ test_f64! { f64x8_edge_cases, f64x8, f64x8::splat(0.0), f64x8::splat(EPSILON64) }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn value_stability() {
+ fn test_samples<T: Copy + core::fmt::Debug + PartialEq, D: Distribution<T>>(
+ distr: &D, zero: T, expected: &[T],
+ ) {
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(0x6f44f5646c2a7334);
+ let mut buf = [zero; 3];
+ for x in &mut buf {
+ *x = rng.sample(&distr);
+ }
+ assert_eq!(&buf, expected);
+ }
+
+ test_samples(&Standard, 0f32, &[0.0035963655, 0.7346052, 0.09778172]);
+ test_samples(&Standard, 0f64, &[
+ 0.7346051961657583,
+ 0.20298547462974248,
+ 0.8166436635290655,
+ ]);
+
+ test_samples(&OpenClosed01, 0f32, &[0.003596425, 0.73460525, 0.09778178]);
+ test_samples(&OpenClosed01, 0f64, &[
+ 0.7346051961657584,
+ 0.2029854746297426,
+ 0.8166436635290656,
+ ]);
+
+ test_samples(&Open01, 0f32, &[0.0035963655, 0.73460525, 0.09778172]);
+ test_samples(&Open01, 0f64, &[
+ 0.7346051961657584,
+ 0.20298547462974248,
+ 0.8166436635290656,
+ ]);
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+ {
+ // We only test a sub-set of types here. Values are identical to
+ // non-SIMD types; we assume this pattern continues across all
+ // SIMD types.
+
+ test_samples(&Standard, f32x2::new(0.0, 0.0), &[
+ f32x2::new(0.0035963655, 0.7346052),
+ f32x2::new(0.09778172, 0.20298547),
+ f32x2::new(0.34296435, 0.81664366),
+ ]);
+
+ test_samples(&Standard, f64x2::new(0.0, 0.0), &[
+ f64x2::new(0.7346051961657583, 0.20298547462974248),
+ f64x2::new(0.8166436635290655, 0.7423708925400552),
+ f64x2::new(0.16387782224016323, 0.9087068770169618),
+ ]);
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/integer.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/integer.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..19ce71599c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/integer.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! The implementations of the `Standard` distribution for integer types.
+
+use crate::distributions::{Distribution, Standard};
+use crate::Rng;
+#[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86", feature = "simd_support"))]
+use core::arch::x86::{__m128i, __m256i};
+#[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", feature = "simd_support"))]
+use core::arch::x86_64::{__m128i, __m256i};
+use core::num::{NonZeroU16, NonZeroU32, NonZeroU64, NonZeroU8, NonZeroUsize,
+ NonZeroU128};
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")] use packed_simd::*;
+
+impl Distribution<u8> for Standard {
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> u8 {
+ rng.next_u32() as u8
+ }
+}
+
+impl Distribution<u16> for Standard {
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> u16 {
+ rng.next_u32() as u16
+ }
+}
+
+impl Distribution<u32> for Standard {
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> u32 {
+ rng.next_u32()
+ }
+}
+
+impl Distribution<u64> for Standard {
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> u64 {
+ rng.next_u64()
+ }
+}
+
+impl Distribution<u128> for Standard {
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> u128 {
+ // Use LE; we explicitly generate one value before the next.
+ let x = u128::from(rng.next_u64());
+ let y = u128::from(rng.next_u64());
+ (y << 64) | x
+ }
+}
+
+impl Distribution<usize> for Standard {
+ #[inline]
+ #[cfg(any(target_pointer_width = "32", target_pointer_width = "16"))]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> usize {
+ rng.next_u32() as usize
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ #[cfg(target_pointer_width = "64")]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> usize {
+ rng.next_u64() as usize
+ }
+}
+
+macro_rules! impl_int_from_uint {
+ ($ty:ty, $uty:ty) => {
+ impl Distribution<$ty> for Standard {
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> $ty {
+ rng.gen::<$uty>() as $ty
+ }
+ }
+ };
+}
+
+impl_int_from_uint! { i8, u8 }
+impl_int_from_uint! { i16, u16 }
+impl_int_from_uint! { i32, u32 }
+impl_int_from_uint! { i64, u64 }
+impl_int_from_uint! { i128, u128 }
+impl_int_from_uint! { isize, usize }
+
+macro_rules! impl_nzint {
+ ($ty:ty, $new:path) => {
+ impl Distribution<$ty> for Standard {
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> $ty {
+ loop {
+ if let Some(nz) = $new(rng.gen()) {
+ break nz;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ };
+}
+
+impl_nzint!(NonZeroU8, NonZeroU8::new);
+impl_nzint!(NonZeroU16, NonZeroU16::new);
+impl_nzint!(NonZeroU32, NonZeroU32::new);
+impl_nzint!(NonZeroU64, NonZeroU64::new);
+impl_nzint!(NonZeroU128, NonZeroU128::new);
+impl_nzint!(NonZeroUsize, NonZeroUsize::new);
+
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+macro_rules! simd_impl {
+ ($(($intrinsic:ident, $vec:ty),)+) => {$(
+ impl Distribution<$intrinsic> for Standard {
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> $intrinsic {
+ $intrinsic::from_bits(rng.gen::<$vec>())
+ }
+ }
+ )+};
+
+ ($bits:expr,) => {};
+ ($bits:expr, $ty:ty, $($ty_more:ty,)*) => {
+ simd_impl!($bits, $($ty_more,)*);
+
+ impl Distribution<$ty> for Standard {
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> $ty {
+ let mut vec: $ty = Default::default();
+ unsafe {
+ let ptr = &mut vec;
+ let b_ptr = &mut *(ptr as *mut $ty as *mut [u8; $bits/8]);
+ rng.fill_bytes(b_ptr);
+ }
+ vec.to_le()
+ }
+ }
+ };
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+simd_impl!(16, u8x2, i8x2,);
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+simd_impl!(32, u8x4, i8x4, u16x2, i16x2,);
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+simd_impl!(64, u8x8, i8x8, u16x4, i16x4, u32x2, i32x2,);
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+simd_impl!(128, u8x16, i8x16, u16x8, i16x8, u32x4, i32x4, u64x2, i64x2,);
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+simd_impl!(256, u8x32, i8x32, u16x16, i16x16, u32x8, i32x8, u64x4, i64x4,);
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+simd_impl!(512, u8x64, i8x64, u16x32, i16x32, u32x16, i32x16, u64x8, i64x8,);
+#[cfg(all(
+ feature = "simd_support",
+ any(target_arch = "x86", target_arch = "x86_64")
+))]
+simd_impl!((__m128i, u8x16), (__m256i, u8x32),);
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_integers() {
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(806);
+
+ rng.sample::<isize, _>(Standard);
+ rng.sample::<i8, _>(Standard);
+ rng.sample::<i16, _>(Standard);
+ rng.sample::<i32, _>(Standard);
+ rng.sample::<i64, _>(Standard);
+ rng.sample::<i128, _>(Standard);
+
+ rng.sample::<usize, _>(Standard);
+ rng.sample::<u8, _>(Standard);
+ rng.sample::<u16, _>(Standard);
+ rng.sample::<u32, _>(Standard);
+ rng.sample::<u64, _>(Standard);
+ rng.sample::<u128, _>(Standard);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn value_stability() {
+ fn test_samples<T: Copy + core::fmt::Debug + PartialEq>(zero: T, expected: &[T])
+ where Standard: Distribution<T> {
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(807);
+ let mut buf = [zero; 3];
+ for x in &mut buf {
+ *x = rng.sample(Standard);
+ }
+ assert_eq!(&buf, expected);
+ }
+
+ test_samples(0u8, &[9, 247, 111]);
+ test_samples(0u16, &[32265, 42999, 38255]);
+ test_samples(0u32, &[2220326409, 2575017975, 2018088303]);
+ test_samples(0u64, &[
+ 11059617991457472009,
+ 16096616328739788143,
+ 1487364411147516184,
+ ]);
+ test_samples(0u128, &[
+ 296930161868957086625409848350820761097,
+ 145644820879247630242265036535529306392,
+ 111087889832015897993126088499035356354,
+ ]);
+ #[cfg(any(target_pointer_width = "32", target_pointer_width = "16"))]
+ test_samples(0usize, &[2220326409, 2575017975, 2018088303]);
+ #[cfg(target_pointer_width = "64")]
+ test_samples(0usize, &[
+ 11059617991457472009,
+ 16096616328739788143,
+ 1487364411147516184,
+ ]);
+
+ test_samples(0i8, &[9, -9, 111]);
+ // Skip further i* types: they are simple reinterpretation of u* samples
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+ {
+ // We only test a sub-set of types here and make assumptions about the rest.
+
+ test_samples(u8x2::default(), &[
+ u8x2::new(9, 126),
+ u8x2::new(247, 167),
+ u8x2::new(111, 149),
+ ]);
+ test_samples(u8x4::default(), &[
+ u8x4::new(9, 126, 87, 132),
+ u8x4::new(247, 167, 123, 153),
+ u8x4::new(111, 149, 73, 120),
+ ]);
+ test_samples(u8x8::default(), &[
+ u8x8::new(9, 126, 87, 132, 247, 167, 123, 153),
+ u8x8::new(111, 149, 73, 120, 68, 171, 98, 223),
+ u8x8::new(24, 121, 1, 50, 13, 46, 164, 20),
+ ]);
+
+ test_samples(i64x8::default(), &[
+ i64x8::new(
+ -7387126082252079607,
+ -2350127744969763473,
+ 1487364411147516184,
+ 7895421560427121838,
+ 602190064936008898,
+ 6022086574635100741,
+ -5080089175222015595,
+ -4066367846667249123,
+ ),
+ i64x8::new(
+ 9180885022207963908,
+ 3095981199532211089,
+ 6586075293021332726,
+ 419343203796414657,
+ 3186951873057035255,
+ 5287129228749947252,
+ 444726432079249540,
+ -1587028029513790706,
+ ),
+ i64x8::new(
+ 6075236523189346388,
+ 1351763722368165432,
+ -6192309979959753740,
+ -7697775502176768592,
+ -4482022114172078123,
+ 7522501477800909500,
+ -1837258847956201231,
+ -586926753024886735,
+ ),
+ ]);
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/mod.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..05ca80606b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+// Copyright 2013-2017 The Rust Project Developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Generating random samples from probability distributions
+//!
+//! This module is the home of the [`Distribution`] trait and several of its
+//! implementations. It is the workhorse behind some of the convenient
+//! functionality of the [`Rng`] trait, e.g. [`Rng::gen`] and of course
+//! [`Rng::sample`].
+//!
+//! Abstractly, a [probability distribution] describes the probability of
+//! occurrence of each value in its sample space.
+//!
+//! More concretely, an implementation of `Distribution<T>` for type `X` is an
+//! algorithm for choosing values from the sample space (a subset of `T`)
+//! according to the distribution `X` represents, using an external source of
+//! randomness (an RNG supplied to the `sample` function).
+//!
+//! A type `X` may implement `Distribution<T>` for multiple types `T`.
+//! Any type implementing [`Distribution`] is stateless (i.e. immutable),
+//! but it may have internal parameters set at construction time (for example,
+//! [`Uniform`] allows specification of its sample space as a range within `T`).
+//!
+//!
+//! # The `Standard` distribution
+//!
+//! The [`Standard`] distribution is important to mention. This is the
+//! distribution used by [`Rng::gen`] and represents the "default" way to
+//! produce a random value for many different types, including most primitive
+//! types, tuples, arrays, and a few derived types. See the documentation of
+//! [`Standard`] for more details.
+//!
+//! Implementing `Distribution<T>` for [`Standard`] for user types `T` makes it
+//! possible to generate type `T` with [`Rng::gen`], and by extension also
+//! with the [`random`] function.
+//!
+//! ## Random characters
+//!
+//! [`Alphanumeric`] is a simple distribution to sample random letters and
+//! numbers of the `char` type; in contrast [`Standard`] may sample any valid
+//! `char`.
+//!
+//!
+//! # Uniform numeric ranges
+//!
+//! The [`Uniform`] distribution is more flexible than [`Standard`], but also
+//! more specialised: it supports fewer target types, but allows the sample
+//! space to be specified as an arbitrary range within its target type `T`.
+//! Both [`Standard`] and [`Uniform`] are in some sense uniform distributions.
+//!
+//! Values may be sampled from this distribution using [`Rng::sample(Range)`] or
+//! by creating a distribution object with [`Uniform::new`],
+//! [`Uniform::new_inclusive`] or `From<Range>`. When the range limits are not
+//! known at compile time it is typically faster to reuse an existing
+//! `Uniform` object than to call [`Rng::sample(Range)`].
+//!
+//! User types `T` may also implement `Distribution<T>` for [`Uniform`],
+//! although this is less straightforward than for [`Standard`] (see the
+//! documentation in the [`uniform`] module). Doing so enables generation of
+//! values of type `T` with [`Rng::sample(Range)`].
+//!
+//! ## Open and half-open ranges
+//!
+//! There are surprisingly many ways to uniformly generate random floats. A
+//! range between 0 and 1 is standard, but the exact bounds (open vs closed)
+//! and accuracy differ. In addition to the [`Standard`] distribution Rand offers
+//! [`Open01`] and [`OpenClosed01`]. See "Floating point implementation" section of
+//! [`Standard`] documentation for more details.
+//!
+//! # Non-uniform sampling
+//!
+//! Sampling a simple true/false outcome with a given probability has a name:
+//! the [`Bernoulli`] distribution (this is used by [`Rng::gen_bool`]).
+//!
+//! For weighted sampling from a sequence of discrete values, use the
+//! [`WeightedIndex`] distribution.
+//!
+//! This crate no longer includes other non-uniform distributions; instead
+//! it is recommended that you use either [`rand_distr`] or [`statrs`].
+//!
+//!
+//! [probability distribution]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_distribution
+//! [`rand_distr`]: https://crates.io/crates/rand_distr
+//! [`statrs`]: https://crates.io/crates/statrs
+
+//! [`random`]: crate::random
+//! [`rand_distr`]: https://crates.io/crates/rand_distr
+//! [`statrs`]: https://crates.io/crates/statrs
+
+mod bernoulli;
+mod distribution;
+mod float;
+mod integer;
+mod other;
+mod slice;
+mod utils;
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+mod weighted_index;
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub mod hidden_export {
+ pub use super::float::IntoFloat; // used by rand_distr
+}
+pub mod uniform;
+#[deprecated(
+ since = "0.8.0",
+ note = "use rand::distributions::{WeightedIndex, WeightedError} instead"
+)]
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "alloc")))]
+pub mod weighted;
+
+pub use self::bernoulli::{Bernoulli, BernoulliError};
+pub use self::distribution::{Distribution, DistIter, DistMap};
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+pub use self::distribution::DistString;
+pub use self::float::{Open01, OpenClosed01};
+pub use self::other::Alphanumeric;
+pub use self::slice::Slice;
+#[doc(inline)]
+pub use self::uniform::Uniform;
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+pub use self::weighted_index::{WeightedError, WeightedIndex};
+
+#[allow(unused)]
+use crate::Rng;
+
+/// A generic random value distribution, implemented for many primitive types.
+/// Usually generates values with a numerically uniform distribution, and with a
+/// range appropriate to the type.
+///
+/// ## Provided implementations
+///
+/// Assuming the provided `Rng` is well-behaved, these implementations
+/// generate values with the following ranges and distributions:
+///
+/// * Integers (`i32`, `u32`, `isize`, `usize`, etc.): Uniformly distributed
+/// over all values of the type.
+/// * `char`: Uniformly distributed over all Unicode scalar values, i.e. all
+/// code points in the range `0...0x10_FFFF`, except for the range
+/// `0xD800...0xDFFF` (the surrogate code points). This includes
+/// unassigned/reserved code points.
+/// * `bool`: Generates `false` or `true`, each with probability 0.5.
+/// * Floating point types (`f32` and `f64`): Uniformly distributed in the
+/// half-open range `[0, 1)`. See notes below.
+/// * Wrapping integers (`Wrapping<T>`), besides the type identical to their
+/// normal integer variants.
+///
+/// The `Standard` distribution also supports generation of the following
+/// compound types where all component types are supported:
+///
+/// * Tuples (up to 12 elements): each element is generated sequentially.
+/// * Arrays (up to 32 elements): each element is generated sequentially;
+/// see also [`Rng::fill`] which supports arbitrary array length for integer
+/// and float types and tends to be faster for `u32` and smaller types.
+/// When using `rustc` β‰₯ 1.51, enable the `min_const_gen` feature to support
+/// arrays larger than 32 elements.
+/// Note that [`Rng::fill`] and `Standard`'s array support are *not* equivalent:
+/// the former is optimised for integer types (using fewer RNG calls for
+/// element types smaller than the RNG word size), while the latter supports
+/// any element type supported by `Standard`.
+/// * `Option<T>` first generates a `bool`, and if true generates and returns
+/// `Some(value)` where `value: T`, otherwise returning `None`.
+///
+/// ## Custom implementations
+///
+/// The [`Standard`] distribution may be implemented for user types as follows:
+///
+/// ```
+/// # #![allow(dead_code)]
+/// use rand::Rng;
+/// use rand::distributions::{Distribution, Standard};
+///
+/// struct MyF32 {
+/// x: f32,
+/// }
+///
+/// impl Distribution<MyF32> for Standard {
+/// fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> MyF32 {
+/// MyF32 { x: rng.gen() }
+/// }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// ## Example usage
+/// ```
+/// use rand::prelude::*;
+/// use rand::distributions::Standard;
+///
+/// let val: f32 = StdRng::from_entropy().sample(Standard);
+/// println!("f32 from [0, 1): {}", val);
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Floating point implementation
+/// The floating point implementations for `Standard` generate a random value in
+/// the half-open interval `[0, 1)`, i.e. including 0 but not 1.
+///
+/// All values that can be generated are of the form `n * Ξ΅/2`. For `f32`
+/// the 24 most significant random bits of a `u32` are used and for `f64` the
+/// 53 most significant bits of a `u64` are used. The conversion uses the
+/// multiplicative method: `(rng.gen::<$uty>() >> N) as $ty * (Ξ΅/2)`.
+///
+/// See also: [`Open01`] which samples from `(0, 1)`, [`OpenClosed01`] which
+/// samples from `(0, 1]` and `Rng::gen_range(0..1)` which also samples from
+/// `[0, 1)`. Note that `Open01` uses transmute-based methods which yield 1 bit
+/// less precision but may perform faster on some architectures (on modern Intel
+/// CPUs all methods have approximately equal performance).
+///
+/// [`Uniform`]: uniform::Uniform
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde1", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+pub struct Standard;
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/other.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/other.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03802a76d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/other.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! The implementations of the `Standard` distribution for other built-in types.
+
+use core::char;
+use core::num::Wrapping;
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+use alloc::string::String;
+
+use crate::distributions::{Distribution, Standard, Uniform};
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+use crate::distributions::DistString;
+use crate::Rng;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "serde1")]
+use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
+#[cfg(feature = "min_const_gen")]
+use core::mem::{self, MaybeUninit};
+
+
+// ----- Sampling distributions -----
+
+/// Sample a `u8`, uniformly distributed over ASCII letters and numbers:
+/// a-z, A-Z and 0-9.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```
+/// use rand::{Rng, thread_rng};
+/// use rand::distributions::Alphanumeric;
+///
+/// let mut rng = thread_rng();
+/// let chars: String = (0..7).map(|_| rng.sample(Alphanumeric) as char).collect();
+/// println!("Random chars: {}", chars);
+/// ```
+///
+/// The [`DistString`] trait provides an easier method of generating
+/// a random `String`, and offers more efficient allocation:
+/// ```
+/// use rand::distributions::{Alphanumeric, DistString};
+/// let string = Alphanumeric.sample_string(&mut rand::thread_rng(), 16);
+/// println!("Random string: {}", string);
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Passwords
+///
+/// Users sometimes ask whether it is safe to use a string of random characters
+/// as a password. In principle, all RNGs in Rand implementing `CryptoRng` are
+/// suitable as a source of randomness for generating passwords (if they are
+/// properly seeded), but it is more conservative to only use randomness
+/// directly from the operating system via the `getrandom` crate, or the
+/// corresponding bindings of a crypto library.
+///
+/// When generating passwords or keys, it is important to consider the threat
+/// model and in some cases the memorability of the password. This is out of
+/// scope of the Rand project, and therefore we defer to the following
+/// references:
+///
+/// - [Wikipedia article on Password Strength](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength)
+/// - [Diceware for generating memorable passwords](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diceware)
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde1", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct Alphanumeric;
+
+
+// ----- Implementations of distributions -----
+
+impl Distribution<char> for Standard {
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> char {
+ // A valid `char` is either in the interval `[0, 0xD800)` or
+ // `(0xDFFF, 0x11_0000)`. All `char`s must therefore be in
+ // `[0, 0x11_0000)` but not in the "gap" `[0xD800, 0xDFFF]` which is
+ // reserved for surrogates. This is the size of that gap.
+ const GAP_SIZE: u32 = 0xDFFF - 0xD800 + 1;
+
+ // Uniform::new(0, 0x11_0000 - GAP_SIZE) can also be used but it
+ // seemed slower.
+ let range = Uniform::new(GAP_SIZE, 0x11_0000);
+
+ let mut n = range.sample(rng);
+ if n <= 0xDFFF {
+ n -= GAP_SIZE;
+ }
+ unsafe { char::from_u32_unchecked(n) }
+ }
+}
+
+/// Note: the `String` is potentially left with excess capacity; optionally the
+/// user may call `string.shrink_to_fit()` afterwards.
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+impl DistString for Standard {
+ fn append_string<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R, s: &mut String, len: usize) {
+ // A char is encoded with at most four bytes, thus this reservation is
+ // guaranteed to be sufficient. We do not shrink_to_fit afterwards so
+ // that repeated usage on the same `String` buffer does not reallocate.
+ s.reserve(4 * len);
+ s.extend(Distribution::<char>::sample_iter(self, rng).take(len));
+ }
+}
+
+impl Distribution<u8> for Alphanumeric {
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> u8 {
+ const RANGE: u32 = 26 + 26 + 10;
+ const GEN_ASCII_STR_CHARSET: &[u8] = b"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\
+ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\
+ 0123456789";
+ // We can pick from 62 characters. This is so close to a power of 2, 64,
+ // that we can do better than `Uniform`. Use a simple bitshift and
+ // rejection sampling. We do not use a bitmask, because for small RNGs
+ // the most significant bits are usually of higher quality.
+ loop {
+ let var = rng.next_u32() >> (32 - 6);
+ if var < RANGE {
+ return GEN_ASCII_STR_CHARSET[var as usize];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+impl DistString for Alphanumeric {
+ fn append_string<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R, string: &mut String, len: usize) {
+ unsafe {
+ let v = string.as_mut_vec();
+ v.extend(self.sample_iter(rng).take(len));
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl Distribution<bool> for Standard {
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> bool {
+ // We can compare against an arbitrary bit of an u32 to get a bool.
+ // Because the least significant bits of a lower quality RNG can have
+ // simple patterns, we compare against the most significant bit. This is
+ // easiest done using a sign test.
+ (rng.next_u32() as i32) < 0
+ }
+}
+
+macro_rules! tuple_impl {
+ // use variables to indicate the arity of the tuple
+ ($($tyvar:ident),* ) => {
+ // the trailing commas are for the 1 tuple
+ impl< $( $tyvar ),* >
+ Distribution<( $( $tyvar ),* , )>
+ for Standard
+ where $( Standard: Distribution<$tyvar> ),*
+ {
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, _rng: &mut R) -> ( $( $tyvar ),* , ) {
+ (
+ // use the $tyvar's to get the appropriate number of
+ // repeats (they're not actually needed)
+ $(
+ _rng.gen::<$tyvar>()
+ ),*
+ ,
+ )
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl Distribution<()> for Standard {
+ #[allow(clippy::unused_unit)]
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, _: &mut R) -> () {
+ ()
+ }
+}
+tuple_impl! {A}
+tuple_impl! {A, B}
+tuple_impl! {A, B, C}
+tuple_impl! {A, B, C, D}
+tuple_impl! {A, B, C, D, E}
+tuple_impl! {A, B, C, D, E, F}
+tuple_impl! {A, B, C, D, E, F, G}
+tuple_impl! {A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H}
+tuple_impl! {A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I}
+tuple_impl! {A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J}
+tuple_impl! {A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K}
+tuple_impl! {A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "min_const_gen")]
+#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "min_const_gen")))]
+impl<T, const N: usize> Distribution<[T; N]> for Standard
+where Standard: Distribution<T>
+{
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, _rng: &mut R) -> [T; N] {
+ let mut buff: [MaybeUninit<T>; N] = unsafe { MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init() };
+
+ for elem in &mut buff {
+ *elem = MaybeUninit::new(_rng.gen());
+ }
+
+ unsafe { mem::transmute_copy::<_, _>(&buff) }
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "min_const_gen"))]
+macro_rules! array_impl {
+ // recursive, given at least one type parameter:
+ {$n:expr, $t:ident, $($ts:ident,)*} => {
+ array_impl!{($n - 1), $($ts,)*}
+
+ impl<T> Distribution<[T; $n]> for Standard where Standard: Distribution<T> {
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, _rng: &mut R) -> [T; $n] {
+ [_rng.gen::<$t>(), $(_rng.gen::<$ts>()),*]
+ }
+ }
+ };
+ // empty case:
+ {$n:expr,} => {
+ impl<T> Distribution<[T; $n]> for Standard {
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, _rng: &mut R) -> [T; $n] { [] }
+ }
+ };
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "min_const_gen"))]
+array_impl! {32, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T, T,}
+
+impl<T> Distribution<Option<T>> for Standard
+where Standard: Distribution<T>
+{
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> Option<T> {
+ // UFCS is needed here: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/24066
+ if rng.gen::<bool>() {
+ Some(rng.gen())
+ } else {
+ None
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl<T> Distribution<Wrapping<T>> for Standard
+where Standard: Distribution<T>
+{
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> Wrapping<T> {
+ Wrapping(rng.gen())
+ }
+}
+
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+ use crate::RngCore;
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] use alloc::string::String;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_misc() {
+ let rng: &mut dyn RngCore = &mut crate::test::rng(820);
+
+ rng.sample::<char, _>(Standard);
+ rng.sample::<bool, _>(Standard);
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+ #[test]
+ fn test_chars() {
+ use core::iter;
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(805);
+
+ // Test by generating a relatively large number of chars, so we also
+ // take the rejection sampling path.
+ let word: String = iter::repeat(())
+ .map(|()| rng.gen::<char>())
+ .take(1000)
+ .collect();
+ assert!(!word.is_empty());
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_alphanumeric() {
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(806);
+
+ // Test by generating a relatively large number of chars, so we also
+ // take the rejection sampling path.
+ let mut incorrect = false;
+ for _ in 0..100 {
+ let c: char = rng.sample(Alphanumeric).into();
+ incorrect |= !(('0'..='9').contains(&c) ||
+ ('A'..='Z').contains(&c) ||
+ ('a'..='z').contains(&c) );
+ }
+ assert!(!incorrect);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn value_stability() {
+ fn test_samples<T: Copy + core::fmt::Debug + PartialEq, D: Distribution<T>>(
+ distr: &D, zero: T, expected: &[T],
+ ) {
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(807);
+ let mut buf = [zero; 5];
+ for x in &mut buf {
+ *x = rng.sample(&distr);
+ }
+ assert_eq!(&buf, expected);
+ }
+
+ test_samples(&Standard, 'a', &[
+ '\u{8cdac}',
+ '\u{a346a}',
+ '\u{80120}',
+ '\u{ed692}',
+ '\u{35888}',
+ ]);
+ test_samples(&Alphanumeric, 0, &[104, 109, 101, 51, 77]);
+ test_samples(&Standard, false, &[true, true, false, true, false]);
+ test_samples(&Standard, None as Option<bool>, &[
+ Some(true),
+ None,
+ Some(false),
+ None,
+ Some(false),
+ ]);
+ test_samples(&Standard, Wrapping(0i32), &[
+ Wrapping(-2074640887),
+ Wrapping(-1719949321),
+ Wrapping(2018088303),
+ Wrapping(-547181756),
+ Wrapping(838957336),
+ ]);
+
+ // We test only sub-sets of tuple and array impls
+ test_samples(&Standard, (), &[(), (), (), (), ()]);
+ test_samples(&Standard, (false,), &[
+ (true,),
+ (true,),
+ (false,),
+ (true,),
+ (false,),
+ ]);
+ test_samples(&Standard, (false, false), &[
+ (true, true),
+ (false, true),
+ (false, false),
+ (true, false),
+ (false, false),
+ ]);
+
+ test_samples(&Standard, [0u8; 0], &[[], [], [], [], []]);
+ test_samples(&Standard, [0u8; 3], &[
+ [9, 247, 111],
+ [68, 24, 13],
+ [174, 19, 194],
+ [172, 69, 213],
+ [149, 207, 29],
+ ]);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/slice.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/slice.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3302deb2a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/slice.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+use crate::distributions::{Distribution, Uniform};
+
+/// A distribution to sample items uniformly from a slice.
+///
+/// [`Slice::new`] constructs a distribution referencing a slice and uniformly
+/// samples references from the items in the slice. It may do extra work up
+/// front to make sampling of multiple values faster; if only one sample from
+/// the slice is required, [`SliceRandom::choose`] can be more efficient.
+///
+/// Steps are taken to avoid bias which might be present in naive
+/// implementations; for example `slice[rng.gen() % slice.len()]` samples from
+/// the slice, but may be more likely to select numbers in the low range than
+/// other values.
+///
+/// This distribution samples with replacement; each sample is independent.
+/// Sampling without replacement requires state to be retained, and therefore
+/// cannot be handled by a distribution; you should instead consider methods
+/// on [`SliceRandom`], such as [`SliceRandom::choose_multiple`].
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```
+/// use rand::Rng;
+/// use rand::distributions::Slice;
+///
+/// let vowels = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'];
+/// let vowels_dist = Slice::new(&vowels).unwrap();
+/// let rng = rand::thread_rng();
+///
+/// // build a string of 10 vowels
+/// let vowel_string: String = rng
+/// .sample_iter(&vowels_dist)
+/// .take(10)
+/// .collect();
+///
+/// println!("{}", vowel_string);
+/// assert_eq!(vowel_string.len(), 10);
+/// assert!(vowel_string.chars().all(|c| vowels.contains(&c)));
+/// ```
+///
+/// For a single sample, [`SliceRandom::choose`][crate::seq::SliceRandom::choose]
+/// may be preferred:
+///
+/// ```
+/// use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
+///
+/// let vowels = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'];
+/// let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
+///
+/// println!("{}", vowels.choose(&mut rng).unwrap())
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`SliceRandom`]: crate::seq::SliceRandom
+/// [`SliceRandom::choose`]: crate::seq::SliceRandom::choose
+/// [`SliceRandom::choose_multiple`]: crate::seq::SliceRandom::choose_multiple
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct Slice<'a, T> {
+ slice: &'a [T],
+ range: Uniform<usize>,
+}
+
+impl<'a, T> Slice<'a, T> {
+ /// Create a new `Slice` instance which samples uniformly from the slice.
+ /// Returns `Err` if the slice is empty.
+ pub fn new(slice: &'a [T]) -> Result<Self, EmptySlice> {
+ match slice.len() {
+ 0 => Err(EmptySlice),
+ len => Ok(Self {
+ slice,
+ range: Uniform::new(0, len),
+ }),
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T> Distribution<&'a T> for Slice<'a, T> {
+ fn sample<R: crate::Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> &'a T {
+ let idx = self.range.sample(rng);
+
+ debug_assert!(
+ idx < self.slice.len(),
+ "Uniform::new(0, {}) somehow returned {}",
+ self.slice.len(),
+ idx
+ );
+
+ // Safety: at construction time, it was ensured that the slice was
+ // non-empty, and that the `Uniform` range produces values in range
+ // for the slice
+ unsafe { self.slice.get_unchecked(idx) }
+ }
+}
+
+/// Error type indicating that a [`Slice`] distribution was improperly
+/// constructed with an empty slice.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct EmptySlice;
+
+impl core::fmt::Display for EmptySlice {
+ fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
+ write!(
+ f,
+ "Tried to create a `distributions::Slice` with an empty slice"
+ )
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+impl std::error::Error for EmptySlice {}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/uniform.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/uniform.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..261357b245
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/uniform.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1658 @@
+// Copyright 2018-2020 Developers of the Rand project.
+// Copyright 2017 The Rust Project Developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! A distribution uniformly sampling numbers within a given range.
+//!
+//! [`Uniform`] is the standard distribution to sample uniformly from a range;
+//! e.g. `Uniform::new_inclusive(1, 6)` can sample integers from 1 to 6, like a
+//! standard die. [`Rng::gen_range`] supports any type supported by
+//! [`Uniform`].
+//!
+//! This distribution is provided with support for several primitive types
+//! (all integer and floating-point types) as well as [`std::time::Duration`],
+//! and supports extension to user-defined types via a type-specific *back-end*
+//! implementation.
+//!
+//! The types [`UniformInt`], [`UniformFloat`] and [`UniformDuration`] are the
+//! back-ends supporting sampling from primitive integer and floating-point
+//! ranges as well as from [`std::time::Duration`]; these types do not normally
+//! need to be used directly (unless implementing a derived back-end).
+//!
+//! # Example usage
+//!
+//! ```
+//! use rand::{Rng, thread_rng};
+//! use rand::distributions::Uniform;
+//!
+//! let mut rng = thread_rng();
+//! let side = Uniform::new(-10.0, 10.0);
+//!
+//! // sample between 1 and 10 points
+//! for _ in 0..rng.gen_range(1..=10) {
+//! // sample a point from the square with sides -10 - 10 in two dimensions
+//! let (x, y) = (rng.sample(side), rng.sample(side));
+//! println!("Point: {}, {}", x, y);
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! # Extending `Uniform` to support a custom type
+//!
+//! To extend [`Uniform`] to support your own types, write a back-end which
+//! implements the [`UniformSampler`] trait, then implement the [`SampleUniform`]
+//! helper trait to "register" your back-end. See the `MyF32` example below.
+//!
+//! At a minimum, the back-end needs to store any parameters needed for sampling
+//! (e.g. the target range) and implement `new`, `new_inclusive` and `sample`.
+//! Those methods should include an assert to check the range is valid (i.e.
+//! `low < high`). The example below merely wraps another back-end.
+//!
+//! The `new`, `new_inclusive` and `sample_single` functions use arguments of
+//! type SampleBorrow<X> in order to support passing in values by reference or
+//! by value. In the implementation of these functions, you can choose to
+//! simply use the reference returned by [`SampleBorrow::borrow`], or you can choose
+//! to copy or clone the value, whatever is appropriate for your type.
+//!
+//! ```
+//! use rand::prelude::*;
+//! use rand::distributions::uniform::{Uniform, SampleUniform,
+//! UniformSampler, UniformFloat, SampleBorrow};
+//!
+//! struct MyF32(f32);
+//!
+//! #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+//! struct UniformMyF32(UniformFloat<f32>);
+//!
+//! impl UniformSampler for UniformMyF32 {
+//! type X = MyF32;
+//! fn new<B1, B2>(low: B1, high: B2) -> Self
+//! where B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+//! B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized
+//! {
+//! UniformMyF32(UniformFloat::<f32>::new(low.borrow().0, high.borrow().0))
+//! }
+//! fn new_inclusive<B1, B2>(low: B1, high: B2) -> Self
+//! where B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+//! B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized
+//! {
+//! UniformMyF32(UniformFloat::<f32>::new_inclusive(
+//! low.borrow().0,
+//! high.borrow().0,
+//! ))
+//! }
+//! fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> Self::X {
+//! MyF32(self.0.sample(rng))
+//! }
+//! }
+//!
+//! impl SampleUniform for MyF32 {
+//! type Sampler = UniformMyF32;
+//! }
+//!
+//! let (low, high) = (MyF32(17.0f32), MyF32(22.0f32));
+//! let uniform = Uniform::new(low, high);
+//! let x = uniform.sample(&mut thread_rng());
+//! ```
+//!
+//! [`SampleUniform`]: crate::distributions::uniform::SampleUniform
+//! [`UniformSampler`]: crate::distributions::uniform::UniformSampler
+//! [`UniformInt`]: crate::distributions::uniform::UniformInt
+//! [`UniformFloat`]: crate::distributions::uniform::UniformFloat
+//! [`UniformDuration`]: crate::distributions::uniform::UniformDuration
+//! [`SampleBorrow::borrow`]: crate::distributions::uniform::SampleBorrow::borrow
+
+use core::time::Duration;
+use core::ops::{Range, RangeInclusive};
+
+use crate::distributions::float::IntoFloat;
+use crate::distributions::utils::{BoolAsSIMD, FloatAsSIMD, FloatSIMDUtils, WideningMultiply};
+use crate::distributions::Distribution;
+use crate::{Rng, RngCore};
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
+#[allow(unused_imports)] // rustc doesn't detect that this is actually used
+use crate::distributions::utils::Float;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")] use packed_simd::*;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "serde1")]
+use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
+
+/// Sample values uniformly between two bounds.
+///
+/// [`Uniform::new`] and [`Uniform::new_inclusive`] construct a uniform
+/// distribution sampling from the given range; these functions may do extra
+/// work up front to make sampling of multiple values faster. If only one sample
+/// from the range is required, [`Rng::gen_range`] can be more efficient.
+///
+/// When sampling from a constant range, many calculations can happen at
+/// compile-time and all methods should be fast; for floating-point ranges and
+/// the full range of integer types this should have comparable performance to
+/// the `Standard` distribution.
+///
+/// Steps are taken to avoid bias which might be present in naive
+/// implementations; for example `rng.gen::<u8>() % 170` samples from the range
+/// `[0, 169]` but is twice as likely to select numbers less than 85 than other
+/// values. Further, the implementations here give more weight to the high-bits
+/// generated by the RNG than the low bits, since with some RNGs the low-bits
+/// are of lower quality than the high bits.
+///
+/// Implementations must sample in `[low, high)` range for
+/// `Uniform::new(low, high)`, i.e., excluding `high`. In particular, care must
+/// be taken to ensure that rounding never results values `< low` or `>= high`.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```
+/// use rand::distributions::{Distribution, Uniform};
+///
+/// let between = Uniform::from(10..10000);
+/// let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
+/// let mut sum = 0;
+/// for _ in 0..1000 {
+/// sum += between.sample(&mut rng);
+/// }
+/// println!("{}", sum);
+/// ```
+///
+/// For a single sample, [`Rng::gen_range`] may be preferred:
+///
+/// ```
+/// use rand::Rng;
+///
+/// let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
+/// println!("{}", rng.gen_range(0..10));
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`new`]: Uniform::new
+/// [`new_inclusive`]: Uniform::new_inclusive
+/// [`Rng::gen_range`]: Rng::gen_range
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde1", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde1", serde(bound(serialize = "X::Sampler: Serialize")))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde1", serde(bound(deserialize = "X::Sampler: Deserialize<'de>")))]
+pub struct Uniform<X: SampleUniform>(X::Sampler);
+
+impl<X: SampleUniform> Uniform<X> {
+ /// Create a new `Uniform` instance which samples uniformly from the half
+ /// open range `[low, high)` (excluding `high`). Panics if `low >= high`.
+ pub fn new<B1, B2>(low: B1, high: B2) -> Uniform<X>
+ where
+ B1: SampleBorrow<X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<X> + Sized,
+ {
+ Uniform(X::Sampler::new(low, high))
+ }
+
+ /// Create a new `Uniform` instance which samples uniformly from the closed
+ /// range `[low, high]` (inclusive). Panics if `low > high`.
+ pub fn new_inclusive<B1, B2>(low: B1, high: B2) -> Uniform<X>
+ where
+ B1: SampleBorrow<X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<X> + Sized,
+ {
+ Uniform(X::Sampler::new_inclusive(low, high))
+ }
+}
+
+impl<X: SampleUniform> Distribution<X> for Uniform<X> {
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> X {
+ self.0.sample(rng)
+ }
+}
+
+/// Helper trait for creating objects using the correct implementation of
+/// [`UniformSampler`] for the sampling type.
+///
+/// See the [module documentation] on how to implement [`Uniform`] range
+/// sampling for a custom type.
+///
+/// [module documentation]: crate::distributions::uniform
+pub trait SampleUniform: Sized {
+ /// The `UniformSampler` implementation supporting type `X`.
+ type Sampler: UniformSampler<X = Self>;
+}
+
+/// Helper trait handling actual uniform sampling.
+///
+/// See the [module documentation] on how to implement [`Uniform`] range
+/// sampling for a custom type.
+///
+/// Implementation of [`sample_single`] is optional, and is only useful when
+/// the implementation can be faster than `Self::new(low, high).sample(rng)`.
+///
+/// [module documentation]: crate::distributions::uniform
+/// [`sample_single`]: UniformSampler::sample_single
+pub trait UniformSampler: Sized {
+ /// The type sampled by this implementation.
+ type X;
+
+ /// Construct self, with inclusive lower bound and exclusive upper bound
+ /// `[low, high)`.
+ ///
+ /// Usually users should not call this directly but instead use
+ /// `Uniform::new`, which asserts that `low < high` before calling this.
+ fn new<B1, B2>(low: B1, high: B2) -> Self
+ where
+ B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized;
+
+ /// Construct self, with inclusive bounds `[low, high]`.
+ ///
+ /// Usually users should not call this directly but instead use
+ /// `Uniform::new_inclusive`, which asserts that `low <= high` before
+ /// calling this.
+ fn new_inclusive<B1, B2>(low: B1, high: B2) -> Self
+ where
+ B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized;
+
+ /// Sample a value.
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> Self::X;
+
+ /// Sample a single value uniformly from a range with inclusive lower bound
+ /// and exclusive upper bound `[low, high)`.
+ ///
+ /// By default this is implemented using
+ /// `UniformSampler::new(low, high).sample(rng)`. However, for some types
+ /// more optimal implementations for single usage may be provided via this
+ /// method (which is the case for integers and floats).
+ /// Results may not be identical.
+ ///
+ /// Note that to use this method in a generic context, the type needs to be
+ /// retrieved via `SampleUniform::Sampler` as follows:
+ /// ```
+ /// use rand::{thread_rng, distributions::uniform::{SampleUniform, UniformSampler}};
+ /// # #[allow(unused)]
+ /// fn sample_from_range<T: SampleUniform>(lb: T, ub: T) -> T {
+ /// let mut rng = thread_rng();
+ /// <T as SampleUniform>::Sampler::sample_single(lb, ub, &mut rng)
+ /// }
+ /// ```
+ fn sample_single<R: Rng + ?Sized, B1, B2>(low: B1, high: B2, rng: &mut R) -> Self::X
+ where
+ B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ {
+ let uniform: Self = UniformSampler::new(low, high);
+ uniform.sample(rng)
+ }
+
+ /// Sample a single value uniformly from a range with inclusive lower bound
+ /// and inclusive upper bound `[low, high]`.
+ ///
+ /// By default this is implemented using
+ /// `UniformSampler::new_inclusive(low, high).sample(rng)`. However, for
+ /// some types more optimal implementations for single usage may be provided
+ /// via this method.
+ /// Results may not be identical.
+ fn sample_single_inclusive<R: Rng + ?Sized, B1, B2>(low: B1, high: B2, rng: &mut R)
+ -> Self::X
+ where B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized
+ {
+ let uniform: Self = UniformSampler::new_inclusive(low, high);
+ uniform.sample(rng)
+ }
+}
+
+impl<X: SampleUniform> From<Range<X>> for Uniform<X> {
+ fn from(r: ::core::ops::Range<X>) -> Uniform<X> {
+ Uniform::new(r.start, r.end)
+ }
+}
+
+impl<X: SampleUniform> From<RangeInclusive<X>> for Uniform<X> {
+ fn from(r: ::core::ops::RangeInclusive<X>) -> Uniform<X> {
+ Uniform::new_inclusive(r.start(), r.end())
+ }
+}
+
+
+/// Helper trait similar to [`Borrow`] but implemented
+/// only for SampleUniform and references to SampleUniform in
+/// order to resolve ambiguity issues.
+///
+/// [`Borrow`]: std::borrow::Borrow
+pub trait SampleBorrow<Borrowed> {
+ /// Immutably borrows from an owned value. See [`Borrow::borrow`]
+ ///
+ /// [`Borrow::borrow`]: std::borrow::Borrow::borrow
+ fn borrow(&self) -> &Borrowed;
+}
+impl<Borrowed> SampleBorrow<Borrowed> for Borrowed
+where Borrowed: SampleUniform
+{
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn borrow(&self) -> &Borrowed {
+ self
+ }
+}
+impl<'a, Borrowed> SampleBorrow<Borrowed> for &'a Borrowed
+where Borrowed: SampleUniform
+{
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn borrow(&self) -> &Borrowed {
+ *self
+ }
+}
+
+/// Range that supports generating a single sample efficiently.
+///
+/// Any type implementing this trait can be used to specify the sampled range
+/// for `Rng::gen_range`.
+pub trait SampleRange<T> {
+ /// Generate a sample from the given range.
+ fn sample_single<R: RngCore + ?Sized>(self, rng: &mut R) -> T;
+
+ /// Check whether the range is empty.
+ fn is_empty(&self) -> bool;
+}
+
+impl<T: SampleUniform + PartialOrd> SampleRange<T> for Range<T> {
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample_single<R: RngCore + ?Sized>(self, rng: &mut R) -> T {
+ T::Sampler::sample_single(self.start, self.end, rng)
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+ !(self.start < self.end)
+ }
+}
+
+impl<T: SampleUniform + PartialOrd> SampleRange<T> for RangeInclusive<T> {
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample_single<R: RngCore + ?Sized>(self, rng: &mut R) -> T {
+ T::Sampler::sample_single_inclusive(self.start(), self.end(), rng)
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+ !(self.start() <= self.end())
+ }
+}
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// What follows are all back-ends.
+
+
+/// The back-end implementing [`UniformSampler`] for integer types.
+///
+/// Unless you are implementing [`UniformSampler`] for your own type, this type
+/// should not be used directly, use [`Uniform`] instead.
+///
+/// # Implementation notes
+///
+/// For simplicity, we use the same generic struct `UniformInt<X>` for all
+/// integer types `X`. This gives us only one field type, `X`; to store unsigned
+/// values of this size, we take use the fact that these conversions are no-ops.
+///
+/// For a closed range, the number of possible numbers we should generate is
+/// `range = (high - low + 1)`. To avoid bias, we must ensure that the size of
+/// our sample space, `zone`, is a multiple of `range`; other values must be
+/// rejected (by replacing with a new random sample).
+///
+/// As a special case, we use `range = 0` to represent the full range of the
+/// result type (i.e. for `new_inclusive($ty::MIN, $ty::MAX)`).
+///
+/// The optimum `zone` is the largest product of `range` which fits in our
+/// (unsigned) target type. We calculate this by calculating how many numbers we
+/// must reject: `reject = (MAX + 1) % range = (MAX - range + 1) % range`. Any (large)
+/// product of `range` will suffice, thus in `sample_single` we multiply by a
+/// power of 2 via bit-shifting (faster but may cause more rejections).
+///
+/// The smallest integer PRNGs generate is `u32`. For 8- and 16-bit outputs we
+/// use `u32` for our `zone` and samples (because it's not slower and because
+/// it reduces the chance of having to reject a sample). In this case we cannot
+/// store `zone` in the target type since it is too large, however we know
+/// `ints_to_reject < range <= $unsigned::MAX`.
+///
+/// An alternative to using a modulus is widening multiply: After a widening
+/// multiply by `range`, the result is in the high word. Then comparing the low
+/// word against `zone` makes sure our distribution is uniform.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde1", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct UniformInt<X> {
+ low: X,
+ range: X,
+ z: X, // either ints_to_reject or zone depending on implementation
+}
+
+macro_rules! uniform_int_impl {
+ ($ty:ty, $unsigned:ident, $u_large:ident) => {
+ impl SampleUniform for $ty {
+ type Sampler = UniformInt<$ty>;
+ }
+
+ impl UniformSampler for UniformInt<$ty> {
+ // We play free and fast with unsigned vs signed here
+ // (when $ty is signed), but that's fine, since the
+ // contract of this macro is for $ty and $unsigned to be
+ // "bit-equal", so casting between them is a no-op.
+
+ type X = $ty;
+
+ #[inline] // if the range is constant, this helps LLVM to do the
+ // calculations at compile-time.
+ fn new<B1, B2>(low_b: B1, high_b: B2) -> Self
+ where
+ B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ {
+ let low = *low_b.borrow();
+ let high = *high_b.borrow();
+ assert!(low < high, "Uniform::new called with `low >= high`");
+ UniformSampler::new_inclusive(low, high - 1)
+ }
+
+ #[inline] // if the range is constant, this helps LLVM to do the
+ // calculations at compile-time.
+ fn new_inclusive<B1, B2>(low_b: B1, high_b: B2) -> Self
+ where
+ B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ {
+ let low = *low_b.borrow();
+ let high = *high_b.borrow();
+ assert!(
+ low <= high,
+ "Uniform::new_inclusive called with `low > high`"
+ );
+ let unsigned_max = ::core::$u_large::MAX;
+
+ let range = high.wrapping_sub(low).wrapping_add(1) as $unsigned;
+ let ints_to_reject = if range > 0 {
+ let range = $u_large::from(range);
+ (unsigned_max - range + 1) % range
+ } else {
+ 0
+ };
+
+ UniformInt {
+ low,
+ // These are really $unsigned values, but store as $ty:
+ range: range as $ty,
+ z: ints_to_reject as $unsigned as $ty,
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> Self::X {
+ let range = self.range as $unsigned as $u_large;
+ if range > 0 {
+ let unsigned_max = ::core::$u_large::MAX;
+ let zone = unsigned_max - (self.z as $unsigned as $u_large);
+ loop {
+ let v: $u_large = rng.gen();
+ let (hi, lo) = v.wmul(range);
+ if lo <= zone {
+ return self.low.wrapping_add(hi as $ty);
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ // Sample from the entire integer range.
+ rng.gen()
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample_single<R: Rng + ?Sized, B1, B2>(low_b: B1, high_b: B2, rng: &mut R) -> Self::X
+ where
+ B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ {
+ let low = *low_b.borrow();
+ let high = *high_b.borrow();
+ assert!(low < high, "UniformSampler::sample_single: low >= high");
+ Self::sample_single_inclusive(low, high - 1, rng)
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample_single_inclusive<R: Rng + ?Sized, B1, B2>(low_b: B1, high_b: B2, rng: &mut R) -> Self::X
+ where
+ B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ {
+ let low = *low_b.borrow();
+ let high = *high_b.borrow();
+ assert!(low <= high, "UniformSampler::sample_single_inclusive: low > high");
+ let range = high.wrapping_sub(low).wrapping_add(1) as $unsigned as $u_large;
+ // If the above resulted in wrap-around to 0, the range is $ty::MIN..=$ty::MAX,
+ // and any integer will do.
+ if range == 0 {
+ return rng.gen();
+ }
+
+ let zone = if ::core::$unsigned::MAX <= ::core::u16::MAX as $unsigned {
+ // Using a modulus is faster than the approximation for
+ // i8 and i16. I suppose we trade the cost of one
+ // modulus for near-perfect branch prediction.
+ let unsigned_max: $u_large = ::core::$u_large::MAX;
+ let ints_to_reject = (unsigned_max - range + 1) % range;
+ unsigned_max - ints_to_reject
+ } else {
+ // conservative but fast approximation. `- 1` is necessary to allow the
+ // same comparison without bias.
+ (range << range.leading_zeros()).wrapping_sub(1)
+ };
+
+ loop {
+ let v: $u_large = rng.gen();
+ let (hi, lo) = v.wmul(range);
+ if lo <= zone {
+ return low.wrapping_add(hi as $ty);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ };
+}
+
+uniform_int_impl! { i8, u8, u32 }
+uniform_int_impl! { i16, u16, u32 }
+uniform_int_impl! { i32, u32, u32 }
+uniform_int_impl! { i64, u64, u64 }
+uniform_int_impl! { i128, u128, u128 }
+uniform_int_impl! { isize, usize, usize }
+uniform_int_impl! { u8, u8, u32 }
+uniform_int_impl! { u16, u16, u32 }
+uniform_int_impl! { u32, u32, u32 }
+uniform_int_impl! { u64, u64, u64 }
+uniform_int_impl! { usize, usize, usize }
+uniform_int_impl! { u128, u128, u128 }
+
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+macro_rules! uniform_simd_int_impl {
+ ($ty:ident, $unsigned:ident, $u_scalar:ident) => {
+ // The "pick the largest zone that can fit in an `u32`" optimization
+ // is less useful here. Multiple lanes complicate things, we don't
+ // know the PRNG's minimal output size, and casting to a larger vector
+ // is generally a bad idea for SIMD performance. The user can still
+ // implement it manually.
+
+ // TODO: look into `Uniform::<u32x4>::new(0u32, 100)` functionality
+ // perhaps `impl SampleUniform for $u_scalar`?
+ impl SampleUniform for $ty {
+ type Sampler = UniformInt<$ty>;
+ }
+
+ impl UniformSampler for UniformInt<$ty> {
+ type X = $ty;
+
+ #[inline] // if the range is constant, this helps LLVM to do the
+ // calculations at compile-time.
+ fn new<B1, B2>(low_b: B1, high_b: B2) -> Self
+ where B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized
+ {
+ let low = *low_b.borrow();
+ let high = *high_b.borrow();
+ assert!(low.lt(high).all(), "Uniform::new called with `low >= high`");
+ UniformSampler::new_inclusive(low, high - 1)
+ }
+
+ #[inline] // if the range is constant, this helps LLVM to do the
+ // calculations at compile-time.
+ fn new_inclusive<B1, B2>(low_b: B1, high_b: B2) -> Self
+ where B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized
+ {
+ let low = *low_b.borrow();
+ let high = *high_b.borrow();
+ assert!(low.le(high).all(),
+ "Uniform::new_inclusive called with `low > high`");
+ let unsigned_max = ::core::$u_scalar::MAX;
+
+ // NOTE: these may need to be replaced with explicitly
+ // wrapping operations if `packed_simd` changes
+ let range: $unsigned = ((high - low) + 1).cast();
+ // `% 0` will panic at runtime.
+ let not_full_range = range.gt($unsigned::splat(0));
+ // replacing 0 with `unsigned_max` allows a faster `select`
+ // with bitwise OR
+ let modulo = not_full_range.select(range, $unsigned::splat(unsigned_max));
+ // wrapping addition
+ let ints_to_reject = (unsigned_max - range + 1) % modulo;
+ // When `range` is 0, `lo` of `v.wmul(range)` will always be
+ // zero which means only one sample is needed.
+ let zone = unsigned_max - ints_to_reject;
+
+ UniformInt {
+ low,
+ // These are really $unsigned values, but store as $ty:
+ range: range.cast(),
+ z: zone.cast(),
+ }
+ }
+
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> Self::X {
+ let range: $unsigned = self.range.cast();
+ let zone: $unsigned = self.z.cast();
+
+ // This might seem very slow, generating a whole new
+ // SIMD vector for every sample rejection. For most uses
+ // though, the chance of rejection is small and provides good
+ // general performance. With multiple lanes, that chance is
+ // multiplied. To mitigate this, we replace only the lanes of
+ // the vector which fail, iteratively reducing the chance of
+ // rejection. The replacement method does however add a little
+ // overhead. Benchmarking or calculating probabilities might
+ // reveal contexts where this replacement method is slower.
+ let mut v: $unsigned = rng.gen();
+ loop {
+ let (hi, lo) = v.wmul(range);
+ let mask = lo.le(zone);
+ if mask.all() {
+ let hi: $ty = hi.cast();
+ // wrapping addition
+ let result = self.low + hi;
+ // `select` here compiles to a blend operation
+ // When `range.eq(0).none()` the compare and blend
+ // operations are avoided.
+ let v: $ty = v.cast();
+ return range.gt($unsigned::splat(0)).select(result, v);
+ }
+ // Replace only the failing lanes
+ v = mask.select(v, rng.gen());
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ };
+
+ // bulk implementation
+ ($(($unsigned:ident, $signed:ident),)+ $u_scalar:ident) => {
+ $(
+ uniform_simd_int_impl!($unsigned, $unsigned, $u_scalar);
+ uniform_simd_int_impl!($signed, $unsigned, $u_scalar);
+ )+
+ };
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+uniform_simd_int_impl! {
+ (u64x2, i64x2),
+ (u64x4, i64x4),
+ (u64x8, i64x8),
+ u64
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+uniform_simd_int_impl! {
+ (u32x2, i32x2),
+ (u32x4, i32x4),
+ (u32x8, i32x8),
+ (u32x16, i32x16),
+ u32
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+uniform_simd_int_impl! {
+ (u16x2, i16x2),
+ (u16x4, i16x4),
+ (u16x8, i16x8),
+ (u16x16, i16x16),
+ (u16x32, i16x32),
+ u16
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+uniform_simd_int_impl! {
+ (u8x2, i8x2),
+ (u8x4, i8x4),
+ (u8x8, i8x8),
+ (u8x16, i8x16),
+ (u8x32, i8x32),
+ (u8x64, i8x64),
+ u8
+}
+
+impl SampleUniform for char {
+ type Sampler = UniformChar;
+}
+
+/// The back-end implementing [`UniformSampler`] for `char`.
+///
+/// Unless you are implementing [`UniformSampler`] for your own type, this type
+/// should not be used directly, use [`Uniform`] instead.
+///
+/// This differs from integer range sampling since the range `0xD800..=0xDFFF`
+/// are used for surrogate pairs in UCS and UTF-16, and consequently are not
+/// valid Unicode code points. We must therefore avoid sampling values in this
+/// range.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde1", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct UniformChar {
+ sampler: UniformInt<u32>,
+}
+
+/// UTF-16 surrogate range start
+const CHAR_SURROGATE_START: u32 = 0xD800;
+/// UTF-16 surrogate range size
+const CHAR_SURROGATE_LEN: u32 = 0xE000 - CHAR_SURROGATE_START;
+
+/// Convert `char` to compressed `u32`
+fn char_to_comp_u32(c: char) -> u32 {
+ match c as u32 {
+ c if c >= CHAR_SURROGATE_START => c - CHAR_SURROGATE_LEN,
+ c => c,
+ }
+}
+
+impl UniformSampler for UniformChar {
+ type X = char;
+
+ #[inline] // if the range is constant, this helps LLVM to do the
+ // calculations at compile-time.
+ fn new<B1, B2>(low_b: B1, high_b: B2) -> Self
+ where
+ B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ {
+ let low = char_to_comp_u32(*low_b.borrow());
+ let high = char_to_comp_u32(*high_b.borrow());
+ let sampler = UniformInt::<u32>::new(low, high);
+ UniformChar { sampler }
+ }
+
+ #[inline] // if the range is constant, this helps LLVM to do the
+ // calculations at compile-time.
+ fn new_inclusive<B1, B2>(low_b: B1, high_b: B2) -> Self
+ where
+ B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ {
+ let low = char_to_comp_u32(*low_b.borrow());
+ let high = char_to_comp_u32(*high_b.borrow());
+ let sampler = UniformInt::<u32>::new_inclusive(low, high);
+ UniformChar { sampler }
+ }
+
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> Self::X {
+ let mut x = self.sampler.sample(rng);
+ if x >= CHAR_SURROGATE_START {
+ x += CHAR_SURROGATE_LEN;
+ }
+ // SAFETY: x must not be in surrogate range or greater than char::MAX.
+ // This relies on range constructors which accept char arguments.
+ // Validity of input char values is assumed.
+ unsafe { core::char::from_u32_unchecked(x) }
+ }
+}
+
+/// The back-end implementing [`UniformSampler`] for floating-point types.
+///
+/// Unless you are implementing [`UniformSampler`] for your own type, this type
+/// should not be used directly, use [`Uniform`] instead.
+///
+/// # Implementation notes
+///
+/// Instead of generating a float in the `[0, 1)` range using [`Standard`], the
+/// `UniformFloat` implementation converts the output of an PRNG itself. This
+/// way one or two steps can be optimized out.
+///
+/// The floats are first converted to a value in the `[1, 2)` interval using a
+/// transmute-based method, and then mapped to the expected range with a
+/// multiply and addition. Values produced this way have what equals 23 bits of
+/// random digits for an `f32`, and 52 for an `f64`.
+///
+/// [`new`]: UniformSampler::new
+/// [`new_inclusive`]: UniformSampler::new_inclusive
+/// [`Standard`]: crate::distributions::Standard
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde1", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct UniformFloat<X> {
+ low: X,
+ scale: X,
+}
+
+macro_rules! uniform_float_impl {
+ ($ty:ty, $uty:ident, $f_scalar:ident, $u_scalar:ident, $bits_to_discard:expr) => {
+ impl SampleUniform for $ty {
+ type Sampler = UniformFloat<$ty>;
+ }
+
+ impl UniformSampler for UniformFloat<$ty> {
+ type X = $ty;
+
+ fn new<B1, B2>(low_b: B1, high_b: B2) -> Self
+ where
+ B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ {
+ let low = *low_b.borrow();
+ let high = *high_b.borrow();
+ debug_assert!(
+ low.all_finite(),
+ "Uniform::new called with `low` non-finite."
+ );
+ debug_assert!(
+ high.all_finite(),
+ "Uniform::new called with `high` non-finite."
+ );
+ assert!(low.all_lt(high), "Uniform::new called with `low >= high`");
+ let max_rand = <$ty>::splat(
+ (::core::$u_scalar::MAX >> $bits_to_discard).into_float_with_exponent(0) - 1.0,
+ );
+
+ let mut scale = high - low;
+ assert!(scale.all_finite(), "Uniform::new: range overflow");
+
+ loop {
+ let mask = (scale * max_rand + low).ge_mask(high);
+ if mask.none() {
+ break;
+ }
+ scale = scale.decrease_masked(mask);
+ }
+
+ debug_assert!(<$ty>::splat(0.0).all_le(scale));
+
+ UniformFloat { low, scale }
+ }
+
+ fn new_inclusive<B1, B2>(low_b: B1, high_b: B2) -> Self
+ where
+ B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ {
+ let low = *low_b.borrow();
+ let high = *high_b.borrow();
+ debug_assert!(
+ low.all_finite(),
+ "Uniform::new_inclusive called with `low` non-finite."
+ );
+ debug_assert!(
+ high.all_finite(),
+ "Uniform::new_inclusive called with `high` non-finite."
+ );
+ assert!(
+ low.all_le(high),
+ "Uniform::new_inclusive called with `low > high`"
+ );
+ let max_rand = <$ty>::splat(
+ (::core::$u_scalar::MAX >> $bits_to_discard).into_float_with_exponent(0) - 1.0,
+ );
+
+ let mut scale = (high - low) / max_rand;
+ assert!(scale.all_finite(), "Uniform::new_inclusive: range overflow");
+
+ loop {
+ let mask = (scale * max_rand + low).gt_mask(high);
+ if mask.none() {
+ break;
+ }
+ scale = scale.decrease_masked(mask);
+ }
+
+ debug_assert!(<$ty>::splat(0.0).all_le(scale));
+
+ UniformFloat { low, scale }
+ }
+
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> Self::X {
+ // Generate a value in the range [1, 2)
+ let value1_2 = (rng.gen::<$uty>() >> $bits_to_discard).into_float_with_exponent(0);
+
+ // Get a value in the range [0, 1) in order to avoid
+ // overflowing into infinity when multiplying with scale
+ let value0_1 = value1_2 - 1.0;
+
+ // We don't use `f64::mul_add`, because it is not available with
+ // `no_std`. Furthermore, it is slower for some targets (but
+ // faster for others). However, the order of multiplication and
+ // addition is important, because on some platforms (e.g. ARM)
+ // it will be optimized to a single (non-FMA) instruction.
+ value0_1 * self.scale + self.low
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample_single<R: Rng + ?Sized, B1, B2>(low_b: B1, high_b: B2, rng: &mut R) -> Self::X
+ where
+ B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ {
+ let low = *low_b.borrow();
+ let high = *high_b.borrow();
+ debug_assert!(
+ low.all_finite(),
+ "UniformSampler::sample_single called with `low` non-finite."
+ );
+ debug_assert!(
+ high.all_finite(),
+ "UniformSampler::sample_single called with `high` non-finite."
+ );
+ assert!(
+ low.all_lt(high),
+ "UniformSampler::sample_single: low >= high"
+ );
+ let mut scale = high - low;
+ assert!(scale.all_finite(), "UniformSampler::sample_single: range overflow");
+
+ loop {
+ // Generate a value in the range [1, 2)
+ let value1_2 =
+ (rng.gen::<$uty>() >> $bits_to_discard).into_float_with_exponent(0);
+
+ // Get a value in the range [0, 1) in order to avoid
+ // overflowing into infinity when multiplying with scale
+ let value0_1 = value1_2 - 1.0;
+
+ // Doing multiply before addition allows some architectures
+ // to use a single instruction.
+ let res = value0_1 * scale + low;
+
+ debug_assert!(low.all_le(res) || !scale.all_finite());
+ if res.all_lt(high) {
+ return res;
+ }
+
+ // This handles a number of edge cases.
+ // * `low` or `high` is NaN. In this case `scale` and
+ // `res` are going to end up as NaN.
+ // * `low` is negative infinity and `high` is finite.
+ // `scale` is going to be infinite and `res` will be
+ // NaN.
+ // * `high` is positive infinity and `low` is finite.
+ // `scale` is going to be infinite and `res` will
+ // be infinite or NaN (if value0_1 is 0).
+ // * `low` is negative infinity and `high` is positive
+ // infinity. `scale` will be infinite and `res` will
+ // be NaN.
+ // * `low` and `high` are finite, but `high - low`
+ // overflows to infinite. `scale` will be infinite
+ // and `res` will be infinite or NaN (if value0_1 is 0).
+ // So if `high` or `low` are non-finite, we are guaranteed
+ // to fail the `res < high` check above and end up here.
+ //
+ // While we technically should check for non-finite `low`
+ // and `high` before entering the loop, by doing the checks
+ // here instead, we allow the common case to avoid these
+ // checks. But we are still guaranteed that if `low` or
+ // `high` are non-finite we'll end up here and can do the
+ // appropriate checks.
+ //
+ // Likewise `high - low` overflowing to infinity is also
+ // rare, so handle it here after the common case.
+ let mask = !scale.finite_mask();
+ if mask.any() {
+ assert!(
+ low.all_finite() && high.all_finite(),
+ "Uniform::sample_single: low and high must be finite"
+ );
+ scale = scale.decrease_masked(mask);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ };
+}
+
+uniform_float_impl! { f32, u32, f32, u32, 32 - 23 }
+uniform_float_impl! { f64, u64, f64, u64, 64 - 52 }
+
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+uniform_float_impl! { f32x2, u32x2, f32, u32, 32 - 23 }
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+uniform_float_impl! { f32x4, u32x4, f32, u32, 32 - 23 }
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+uniform_float_impl! { f32x8, u32x8, f32, u32, 32 - 23 }
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+uniform_float_impl! { f32x16, u32x16, f32, u32, 32 - 23 }
+
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+uniform_float_impl! { f64x2, u64x2, f64, u64, 64 - 52 }
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+uniform_float_impl! { f64x4, u64x4, f64, u64, 64 - 52 }
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+uniform_float_impl! { f64x8, u64x8, f64, u64, 64 - 52 }
+
+
+/// The back-end implementing [`UniformSampler`] for `Duration`.
+///
+/// Unless you are implementing [`UniformSampler`] for your own types, this type
+/// should not be used directly, use [`Uniform`] instead.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde1", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct UniformDuration {
+ mode: UniformDurationMode,
+ offset: u32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde1", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+enum UniformDurationMode {
+ Small {
+ secs: u64,
+ nanos: Uniform<u32>,
+ },
+ Medium {
+ nanos: Uniform<u64>,
+ },
+ Large {
+ max_secs: u64,
+ max_nanos: u32,
+ secs: Uniform<u64>,
+ },
+}
+
+impl SampleUniform for Duration {
+ type Sampler = UniformDuration;
+}
+
+impl UniformSampler for UniformDuration {
+ type X = Duration;
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn new<B1, B2>(low_b: B1, high_b: B2) -> Self
+ where
+ B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ {
+ let low = *low_b.borrow();
+ let high = *high_b.borrow();
+ assert!(low < high, "Uniform::new called with `low >= high`");
+ UniformDuration::new_inclusive(low, high - Duration::new(0, 1))
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn new_inclusive<B1, B2>(low_b: B1, high_b: B2) -> Self
+ where
+ B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ {
+ let low = *low_b.borrow();
+ let high = *high_b.borrow();
+ assert!(
+ low <= high,
+ "Uniform::new_inclusive called with `low > high`"
+ );
+
+ let low_s = low.as_secs();
+ let low_n = low.subsec_nanos();
+ let mut high_s = high.as_secs();
+ let mut high_n = high.subsec_nanos();
+
+ if high_n < low_n {
+ high_s -= 1;
+ high_n += 1_000_000_000;
+ }
+
+ let mode = if low_s == high_s {
+ UniformDurationMode::Small {
+ secs: low_s,
+ nanos: Uniform::new_inclusive(low_n, high_n),
+ }
+ } else {
+ let max = high_s
+ .checked_mul(1_000_000_000)
+ .and_then(|n| n.checked_add(u64::from(high_n)));
+
+ if let Some(higher_bound) = max {
+ let lower_bound = low_s * 1_000_000_000 + u64::from(low_n);
+ UniformDurationMode::Medium {
+ nanos: Uniform::new_inclusive(lower_bound, higher_bound),
+ }
+ } else {
+ // An offset is applied to simplify generation of nanoseconds
+ let max_nanos = high_n - low_n;
+ UniformDurationMode::Large {
+ max_secs: high_s,
+ max_nanos,
+ secs: Uniform::new_inclusive(low_s, high_s),
+ }
+ }
+ };
+ UniformDuration {
+ mode,
+ offset: low_n,
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> Duration {
+ match self.mode {
+ UniformDurationMode::Small { secs, nanos } => {
+ let n = nanos.sample(rng);
+ Duration::new(secs, n)
+ }
+ UniformDurationMode::Medium { nanos } => {
+ let nanos = nanos.sample(rng);
+ Duration::new(nanos / 1_000_000_000, (nanos % 1_000_000_000) as u32)
+ }
+ UniformDurationMode::Large {
+ max_secs,
+ max_nanos,
+ secs,
+ } => {
+ // constant folding means this is at least as fast as `Rng::sample(Range)`
+ let nano_range = Uniform::new(0, 1_000_000_000);
+ loop {
+ let s = secs.sample(rng);
+ let n = nano_range.sample(rng);
+ if !(s == max_secs && n > max_nanos) {
+ let sum = n + self.offset;
+ break Duration::new(s, sum);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+ use crate::rngs::mock::StepRng;
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg(feature = "serde1")]
+ fn test_serialization_uniform_duration() {
+ let distr = UniformDuration::new(Duration::from_secs(10), Duration::from_secs(60));
+ let de_distr: UniformDuration = bincode::deserialize(&bincode::serialize(&distr).unwrap()).unwrap();
+ assert_eq!(
+ distr.offset, de_distr.offset
+ );
+ match (distr.mode, de_distr.mode) {
+ (UniformDurationMode::Small {secs: a_secs, nanos: a_nanos}, UniformDurationMode::Small {secs, nanos}) => {
+ assert_eq!(a_secs, secs);
+
+ assert_eq!(a_nanos.0.low, nanos.0.low);
+ assert_eq!(a_nanos.0.range, nanos.0.range);
+ assert_eq!(a_nanos.0.z, nanos.0.z);
+ }
+ (UniformDurationMode::Medium {nanos: a_nanos} , UniformDurationMode::Medium {nanos}) => {
+ assert_eq!(a_nanos.0.low, nanos.0.low);
+ assert_eq!(a_nanos.0.range, nanos.0.range);
+ assert_eq!(a_nanos.0.z, nanos.0.z);
+ }
+ (UniformDurationMode::Large {max_secs:a_max_secs, max_nanos:a_max_nanos, secs:a_secs}, UniformDurationMode::Large {max_secs, max_nanos, secs} ) => {
+ assert_eq!(a_max_secs, max_secs);
+ assert_eq!(a_max_nanos, max_nanos);
+
+ assert_eq!(a_secs.0.low, secs.0.low);
+ assert_eq!(a_secs.0.range, secs.0.range);
+ assert_eq!(a_secs.0.z, secs.0.z);
+ }
+ _ => panic!("`UniformDurationMode` was not serialized/deserialized correctly")
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg(feature = "serde1")]
+ fn test_uniform_serialization() {
+ let unit_box: Uniform<i32> = Uniform::new(-1, 1);
+ let de_unit_box: Uniform<i32> = bincode::deserialize(&bincode::serialize(&unit_box).unwrap()).unwrap();
+
+ assert_eq!(unit_box.0.low, de_unit_box.0.low);
+ assert_eq!(unit_box.0.range, de_unit_box.0.range);
+ assert_eq!(unit_box.0.z, de_unit_box.0.z);
+
+ let unit_box: Uniform<f32> = Uniform::new(-1., 1.);
+ let de_unit_box: Uniform<f32> = bincode::deserialize(&bincode::serialize(&unit_box).unwrap()).unwrap();
+
+ assert_eq!(unit_box.0.low, de_unit_box.0.low);
+ assert_eq!(unit_box.0.scale, de_unit_box.0.scale);
+ }
+
+ #[should_panic]
+ #[test]
+ fn test_uniform_bad_limits_equal_int() {
+ Uniform::new(10, 10);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_uniform_good_limits_equal_int() {
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(804);
+ let dist = Uniform::new_inclusive(10, 10);
+ for _ in 0..20 {
+ assert_eq!(rng.sample(dist), 10);
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[should_panic]
+ #[test]
+ fn test_uniform_bad_limits_flipped_int() {
+ Uniform::new(10, 5);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // Miri is too slow
+ fn test_integers() {
+ use core::{i128, u128};
+ use core::{i16, i32, i64, i8, isize};
+ use core::{u16, u32, u64, u8, usize};
+
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(251);
+ macro_rules! t {
+ ($ty:ident, $v:expr, $le:expr, $lt:expr) => {{
+ for &(low, high) in $v.iter() {
+ let my_uniform = Uniform::new(low, high);
+ for _ in 0..1000 {
+ let v: $ty = rng.sample(my_uniform);
+ assert!($le(low, v) && $lt(v, high));
+ }
+
+ let my_uniform = Uniform::new_inclusive(low, high);
+ for _ in 0..1000 {
+ let v: $ty = rng.sample(my_uniform);
+ assert!($le(low, v) && $le(v, high));
+ }
+
+ let my_uniform = Uniform::new(&low, high);
+ for _ in 0..1000 {
+ let v: $ty = rng.sample(my_uniform);
+ assert!($le(low, v) && $lt(v, high));
+ }
+
+ let my_uniform = Uniform::new_inclusive(&low, &high);
+ for _ in 0..1000 {
+ let v: $ty = rng.sample(my_uniform);
+ assert!($le(low, v) && $le(v, high));
+ }
+
+ for _ in 0..1000 {
+ let v = <$ty as SampleUniform>::Sampler::sample_single(low, high, &mut rng);
+ assert!($le(low, v) && $lt(v, high));
+ }
+
+ for _ in 0..1000 {
+ let v = <$ty as SampleUniform>::Sampler::sample_single_inclusive(low, high, &mut rng);
+ assert!($le(low, v) && $le(v, high));
+ }
+ }
+ }};
+
+ // scalar bulk
+ ($($ty:ident),*) => {{
+ $(t!(
+ $ty,
+ [(0, 10), (10, 127), ($ty::MIN, $ty::MAX)],
+ |x, y| x <= y,
+ |x, y| x < y
+ );)*
+ }};
+
+ // simd bulk
+ ($($ty:ident),* => $scalar:ident) => {{
+ $(t!(
+ $ty,
+ [
+ ($ty::splat(0), $ty::splat(10)),
+ ($ty::splat(10), $ty::splat(127)),
+ ($ty::splat($scalar::MIN), $ty::splat($scalar::MAX)),
+ ],
+ |x: $ty, y| x.le(y).all(),
+ |x: $ty, y| x.lt(y).all()
+ );)*
+ }};
+ }
+ t!(i8, i16, i32, i64, isize, u8, u16, u32, u64, usize, i128, u128);
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+ {
+ t!(u8x2, u8x4, u8x8, u8x16, u8x32, u8x64 => u8);
+ t!(i8x2, i8x4, i8x8, i8x16, i8x32, i8x64 => i8);
+ t!(u16x2, u16x4, u16x8, u16x16, u16x32 => u16);
+ t!(i16x2, i16x4, i16x8, i16x16, i16x32 => i16);
+ t!(u32x2, u32x4, u32x8, u32x16 => u32);
+ t!(i32x2, i32x4, i32x8, i32x16 => i32);
+ t!(u64x2, u64x4, u64x8 => u64);
+ t!(i64x2, i64x4, i64x8 => i64);
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // Miri is too slow
+ fn test_char() {
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(891);
+ let mut max = core::char::from_u32(0).unwrap();
+ for _ in 0..100 {
+ let c = rng.gen_range('A'..='Z');
+ assert!(('A'..='Z').contains(&c));
+ max = max.max(c);
+ }
+ assert_eq!(max, 'Z');
+ let d = Uniform::new(
+ core::char::from_u32(0xD7F0).unwrap(),
+ core::char::from_u32(0xE010).unwrap(),
+ );
+ for _ in 0..100 {
+ let c = d.sample(&mut rng);
+ assert!((c as u32) < 0xD800 || (c as u32) > 0xDFFF);
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // Miri is too slow
+ fn test_floats() {
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(252);
+ let mut zero_rng = StepRng::new(0, 0);
+ let mut max_rng = StepRng::new(0xffff_ffff_ffff_ffff, 0);
+ macro_rules! t {
+ ($ty:ty, $f_scalar:ident, $bits_shifted:expr) => {{
+ let v: &[($f_scalar, $f_scalar)] = &[
+ (0.0, 100.0),
+ (-1e35, -1e25),
+ (1e-35, 1e-25),
+ (-1e35, 1e35),
+ (<$f_scalar>::from_bits(0), <$f_scalar>::from_bits(3)),
+ (-<$f_scalar>::from_bits(10), -<$f_scalar>::from_bits(1)),
+ (-<$f_scalar>::from_bits(5), 0.0),
+ (-<$f_scalar>::from_bits(7), -0.0),
+ (0.1 * ::core::$f_scalar::MAX, ::core::$f_scalar::MAX),
+ (-::core::$f_scalar::MAX * 0.2, ::core::$f_scalar::MAX * 0.7),
+ ];
+ for &(low_scalar, high_scalar) in v.iter() {
+ for lane in 0..<$ty>::lanes() {
+ let low = <$ty>::splat(0.0 as $f_scalar).replace(lane, low_scalar);
+ let high = <$ty>::splat(1.0 as $f_scalar).replace(lane, high_scalar);
+ let my_uniform = Uniform::new(low, high);
+ let my_incl_uniform = Uniform::new_inclusive(low, high);
+ for _ in 0..100 {
+ let v = rng.sample(my_uniform).extract(lane);
+ assert!(low_scalar <= v && v < high_scalar);
+ let v = rng.sample(my_incl_uniform).extract(lane);
+ assert!(low_scalar <= v && v <= high_scalar);
+ let v = <$ty as SampleUniform>::Sampler
+ ::sample_single(low, high, &mut rng).extract(lane);
+ assert!(low_scalar <= v && v < high_scalar);
+ }
+
+ assert_eq!(
+ rng.sample(Uniform::new_inclusive(low, low)).extract(lane),
+ low_scalar
+ );
+
+ assert_eq!(zero_rng.sample(my_uniform).extract(lane), low_scalar);
+ assert_eq!(zero_rng.sample(my_incl_uniform).extract(lane), low_scalar);
+ assert_eq!(<$ty as SampleUniform>::Sampler
+ ::sample_single(low, high, &mut zero_rng)
+ .extract(lane), low_scalar);
+ assert!(max_rng.sample(my_uniform).extract(lane) < high_scalar);
+ assert!(max_rng.sample(my_incl_uniform).extract(lane) <= high_scalar);
+
+ // Don't run this test for really tiny differences between high and low
+ // since for those rounding might result in selecting high for a very
+ // long time.
+ if (high_scalar - low_scalar) > 0.0001 {
+ let mut lowering_max_rng = StepRng::new(
+ 0xffff_ffff_ffff_ffff,
+ (-1i64 << $bits_shifted) as u64,
+ );
+ assert!(
+ <$ty as SampleUniform>::Sampler
+ ::sample_single(low, high, &mut lowering_max_rng)
+ .extract(lane) < high_scalar
+ );
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ assert_eq!(
+ rng.sample(Uniform::new_inclusive(
+ ::core::$f_scalar::MAX,
+ ::core::$f_scalar::MAX
+ )),
+ ::core::$f_scalar::MAX
+ );
+ assert_eq!(
+ rng.sample(Uniform::new_inclusive(
+ -::core::$f_scalar::MAX,
+ -::core::$f_scalar::MAX
+ )),
+ -::core::$f_scalar::MAX
+ );
+ }};
+ }
+
+ t!(f32, f32, 32 - 23);
+ t!(f64, f64, 64 - 52);
+ #[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+ {
+ t!(f32x2, f32, 32 - 23);
+ t!(f32x4, f32, 32 - 23);
+ t!(f32x8, f32, 32 - 23);
+ t!(f32x16, f32, 32 - 23);
+ t!(f64x2, f64, 64 - 52);
+ t!(f64x4, f64, 64 - 52);
+ t!(f64x8, f64, 64 - 52);
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[should_panic]
+ fn test_float_overflow() {
+ let _ = Uniform::from(::core::f64::MIN..::core::f64::MAX);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[should_panic]
+ fn test_float_overflow_single() {
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(252);
+ rng.gen_range(::core::f64::MIN..::core::f64::MAX);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg(all(
+ feature = "std",
+ not(target_arch = "wasm32"),
+ not(target_arch = "asmjs")
+ ))]
+ fn test_float_assertions() {
+ use super::SampleUniform;
+ use std::panic::catch_unwind;
+ fn range<T: SampleUniform>(low: T, high: T) {
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(253);
+ T::Sampler::sample_single(low, high, &mut rng);
+ }
+
+ macro_rules! t {
+ ($ty:ident, $f_scalar:ident) => {{
+ let v: &[($f_scalar, $f_scalar)] = &[
+ (::std::$f_scalar::NAN, 0.0),
+ (1.0, ::std::$f_scalar::NAN),
+ (::std::$f_scalar::NAN, ::std::$f_scalar::NAN),
+ (1.0, 0.5),
+ (::std::$f_scalar::MAX, -::std::$f_scalar::MAX),
+ (::std::$f_scalar::INFINITY, ::std::$f_scalar::INFINITY),
+ (
+ ::std::$f_scalar::NEG_INFINITY,
+ ::std::$f_scalar::NEG_INFINITY,
+ ),
+ (::std::$f_scalar::NEG_INFINITY, 5.0),
+ (5.0, ::std::$f_scalar::INFINITY),
+ (::std::$f_scalar::NAN, ::std::$f_scalar::INFINITY),
+ (::std::$f_scalar::NEG_INFINITY, ::std::$f_scalar::NAN),
+ (::std::$f_scalar::NEG_INFINITY, ::std::$f_scalar::INFINITY),
+ ];
+ for &(low_scalar, high_scalar) in v.iter() {
+ for lane in 0..<$ty>::lanes() {
+ let low = <$ty>::splat(0.0 as $f_scalar).replace(lane, low_scalar);
+ let high = <$ty>::splat(1.0 as $f_scalar).replace(lane, high_scalar);
+ assert!(catch_unwind(|| range(low, high)).is_err());
+ assert!(catch_unwind(|| Uniform::new(low, high)).is_err());
+ assert!(catch_unwind(|| Uniform::new_inclusive(low, high)).is_err());
+ assert!(catch_unwind(|| range(low, low)).is_err());
+ assert!(catch_unwind(|| Uniform::new(low, low)).is_err());
+ }
+ }
+ }};
+ }
+
+ t!(f32, f32);
+ t!(f64, f64);
+ #[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+ {
+ t!(f32x2, f32);
+ t!(f32x4, f32);
+ t!(f32x8, f32);
+ t!(f32x16, f32);
+ t!(f64x2, f64);
+ t!(f64x4, f64);
+ t!(f64x8, f64);
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // Miri is too slow
+ fn test_durations() {
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(253);
+
+ let v = &[
+ (Duration::new(10, 50000), Duration::new(100, 1234)),
+ (Duration::new(0, 100), Duration::new(1, 50)),
+ (
+ Duration::new(0, 0),
+ Duration::new(u64::max_value(), 999_999_999),
+ ),
+ ];
+ for &(low, high) in v.iter() {
+ let my_uniform = Uniform::new(low, high);
+ for _ in 0..1000 {
+ let v = rng.sample(my_uniform);
+ assert!(low <= v && v < high);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_custom_uniform() {
+ use crate::distributions::uniform::{
+ SampleBorrow, SampleUniform, UniformFloat, UniformSampler,
+ };
+ #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+ struct MyF32 {
+ x: f32,
+ }
+ #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+ struct UniformMyF32(UniformFloat<f32>);
+ impl UniformSampler for UniformMyF32 {
+ type X = MyF32;
+
+ fn new<B1, B2>(low: B1, high: B2) -> Self
+ where
+ B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ {
+ UniformMyF32(UniformFloat::<f32>::new(low.borrow().x, high.borrow().x))
+ }
+
+ fn new_inclusive<B1, B2>(low: B1, high: B2) -> Self
+ where
+ B1: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ B2: SampleBorrow<Self::X> + Sized,
+ {
+ UniformSampler::new(low, high)
+ }
+
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> Self::X {
+ MyF32 {
+ x: self.0.sample(rng),
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ impl SampleUniform for MyF32 {
+ type Sampler = UniformMyF32;
+ }
+
+ let (low, high) = (MyF32 { x: 17.0f32 }, MyF32 { x: 22.0f32 });
+ let uniform = Uniform::new(low, high);
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(804);
+ for _ in 0..100 {
+ let x: MyF32 = rng.sample(uniform);
+ assert!(low <= x && x < high);
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_uniform_from_std_range() {
+ let r = Uniform::from(2u32..7);
+ assert_eq!(r.0.low, 2);
+ assert_eq!(r.0.range, 5);
+ let r = Uniform::from(2.0f64..7.0);
+ assert_eq!(r.0.low, 2.0);
+ assert_eq!(r.0.scale, 5.0);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_uniform_from_std_range_inclusive() {
+ let r = Uniform::from(2u32..=6);
+ assert_eq!(r.0.low, 2);
+ assert_eq!(r.0.range, 5);
+ let r = Uniform::from(2.0f64..=7.0);
+ assert_eq!(r.0.low, 2.0);
+ assert!(r.0.scale > 5.0);
+ assert!(r.0.scale < 5.0 + 1e-14);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn value_stability() {
+ fn test_samples<T: SampleUniform + Copy + core::fmt::Debug + PartialEq>(
+ lb: T, ub: T, expected_single: &[T], expected_multiple: &[T],
+ ) where Uniform<T>: Distribution<T> {
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(897);
+ let mut buf = [lb; 3];
+
+ for x in &mut buf {
+ *x = T::Sampler::sample_single(lb, ub, &mut rng);
+ }
+ assert_eq!(&buf, expected_single);
+
+ let distr = Uniform::new(lb, ub);
+ for x in &mut buf {
+ *x = rng.sample(&distr);
+ }
+ assert_eq!(&buf, expected_multiple);
+ }
+
+ // We test on a sub-set of types; possibly we should do more.
+ // TODO: SIMD types
+
+ test_samples(11u8, 219, &[17, 66, 214], &[181, 93, 165]);
+ test_samples(11u32, 219, &[17, 66, 214], &[181, 93, 165]);
+
+ test_samples(0f32, 1e-2f32, &[0.0003070104, 0.0026630748, 0.00979833], &[
+ 0.008194133,
+ 0.00398172,
+ 0.007428536,
+ ]);
+ test_samples(
+ -1e10f64,
+ 1e10f64,
+ &[-4673848682.871551, 6388267422.932352, 4857075081.198343],
+ &[1173375212.1808167, 1917642852.109581, 2365076174.3153973],
+ );
+
+ test_samples(
+ Duration::new(2, 0),
+ Duration::new(4, 0),
+ &[
+ Duration::new(2, 532615131),
+ Duration::new(3, 638826742),
+ Duration::new(3, 485707508),
+ ],
+ &[
+ Duration::new(3, 117337521),
+ Duration::new(3, 191764285),
+ Duration::new(3, 236507617),
+ ],
+ );
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn uniform_distributions_can_be_compared() {
+ assert_eq!(Uniform::new(1.0, 2.0), Uniform::new(1.0, 2.0));
+
+ // To cover UniformInt
+ assert_eq!(Uniform::new(1 as u32, 2 as u32), Uniform::new(1 as u32, 2 as u32));
+ }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/utils.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/utils.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..89da5fd7aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/utils.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Math helper functions
+
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")] use packed_simd::*;
+
+
+pub(crate) trait WideningMultiply<RHS = Self> {
+ type Output;
+
+ fn wmul(self, x: RHS) -> Self::Output;
+}
+
+macro_rules! wmul_impl {
+ ($ty:ty, $wide:ty, $shift:expr) => {
+ impl WideningMultiply for $ty {
+ type Output = ($ty, $ty);
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn wmul(self, x: $ty) -> Self::Output {
+ let tmp = (self as $wide) * (x as $wide);
+ ((tmp >> $shift) as $ty, tmp as $ty)
+ }
+ }
+ };
+
+ // simd bulk implementation
+ ($(($ty:ident, $wide:ident),)+, $shift:expr) => {
+ $(
+ impl WideningMultiply for $ty {
+ type Output = ($ty, $ty);
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn wmul(self, x: $ty) -> Self::Output {
+ // For supported vectors, this should compile to a couple
+ // supported multiply & swizzle instructions (no actual
+ // casting).
+ // TODO: optimize
+ let y: $wide = self.cast();
+ let x: $wide = x.cast();
+ let tmp = y * x;
+ let hi: $ty = (tmp >> $shift).cast();
+ let lo: $ty = tmp.cast();
+ (hi, lo)
+ }
+ }
+ )+
+ };
+}
+wmul_impl! { u8, u16, 8 }
+wmul_impl! { u16, u32, 16 }
+wmul_impl! { u32, u64, 32 }
+wmul_impl! { u64, u128, 64 }
+
+// This code is a translation of the __mulddi3 function in LLVM's
+// compiler-rt. It is an optimised variant of the common method
+// `(a + b) * (c + d) = ac + ad + bc + bd`.
+//
+// For some reason LLVM can optimise the C version very well, but
+// keeps shuffling registers in this Rust translation.
+macro_rules! wmul_impl_large {
+ ($ty:ty, $half:expr) => {
+ impl WideningMultiply for $ty {
+ type Output = ($ty, $ty);
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn wmul(self, b: $ty) -> Self::Output {
+ const LOWER_MASK: $ty = !0 >> $half;
+ let mut low = (self & LOWER_MASK).wrapping_mul(b & LOWER_MASK);
+ let mut t = low >> $half;
+ low &= LOWER_MASK;
+ t += (self >> $half).wrapping_mul(b & LOWER_MASK);
+ low += (t & LOWER_MASK) << $half;
+ let mut high = t >> $half;
+ t = low >> $half;
+ low &= LOWER_MASK;
+ t += (b >> $half).wrapping_mul(self & LOWER_MASK);
+ low += (t & LOWER_MASK) << $half;
+ high += t >> $half;
+ high += (self >> $half).wrapping_mul(b >> $half);
+
+ (high, low)
+ }
+ }
+ };
+
+ // simd bulk implementation
+ (($($ty:ty,)+) $scalar:ty, $half:expr) => {
+ $(
+ impl WideningMultiply for $ty {
+ type Output = ($ty, $ty);
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn wmul(self, b: $ty) -> Self::Output {
+ // needs wrapping multiplication
+ const LOWER_MASK: $scalar = !0 >> $half;
+ let mut low = (self & LOWER_MASK) * (b & LOWER_MASK);
+ let mut t = low >> $half;
+ low &= LOWER_MASK;
+ t += (self >> $half) * (b & LOWER_MASK);
+ low += (t & LOWER_MASK) << $half;
+ let mut high = t >> $half;
+ t = low >> $half;
+ low &= LOWER_MASK;
+ t += (b >> $half) * (self & LOWER_MASK);
+ low += (t & LOWER_MASK) << $half;
+ high += t >> $half;
+ high += (self >> $half) * (b >> $half);
+
+ (high, low)
+ }
+ }
+ )+
+ };
+}
+wmul_impl_large! { u128, 64 }
+
+macro_rules! wmul_impl_usize {
+ ($ty:ty) => {
+ impl WideningMultiply for usize {
+ type Output = (usize, usize);
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn wmul(self, x: usize) -> Self::Output {
+ let (high, low) = (self as $ty).wmul(x as $ty);
+ (high as usize, low as usize)
+ }
+ }
+ };
+}
+#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "16")]
+wmul_impl_usize! { u16 }
+#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "32")]
+wmul_impl_usize! { u32 }
+#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "64")]
+wmul_impl_usize! { u64 }
+
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+mod simd_wmul {
+ use super::*;
+ #[cfg(target_arch = "x86")] use core::arch::x86::*;
+ #[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")] use core::arch::x86_64::*;
+
+ wmul_impl! {
+ (u8x2, u16x2),
+ (u8x4, u16x4),
+ (u8x8, u16x8),
+ (u8x16, u16x16),
+ (u8x32, u16x32),,
+ 8
+ }
+
+ wmul_impl! { (u16x2, u32x2),, 16 }
+ wmul_impl! { (u16x4, u32x4),, 16 }
+ #[cfg(not(target_feature = "sse2"))]
+ wmul_impl! { (u16x8, u32x8),, 16 }
+ #[cfg(not(target_feature = "avx2"))]
+ wmul_impl! { (u16x16, u32x16),, 16 }
+
+ // 16-bit lane widths allow use of the x86 `mulhi` instructions, which
+ // means `wmul` can be implemented with only two instructions.
+ #[allow(unused_macros)]
+ macro_rules! wmul_impl_16 {
+ ($ty:ident, $intrinsic:ident, $mulhi:ident, $mullo:ident) => {
+ impl WideningMultiply for $ty {
+ type Output = ($ty, $ty);
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn wmul(self, x: $ty) -> Self::Output {
+ let b = $intrinsic::from_bits(x);
+ let a = $intrinsic::from_bits(self);
+ let hi = $ty::from_bits(unsafe { $mulhi(a, b) });
+ let lo = $ty::from_bits(unsafe { $mullo(a, b) });
+ (hi, lo)
+ }
+ }
+ };
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(target_feature = "sse2")]
+ wmul_impl_16! { u16x8, __m128i, _mm_mulhi_epu16, _mm_mullo_epi16 }
+ #[cfg(target_feature = "avx2")]
+ wmul_impl_16! { u16x16, __m256i, _mm256_mulhi_epu16, _mm256_mullo_epi16 }
+ // FIXME: there are no `__m512i` types in stdsimd yet, so `wmul::<u16x32>`
+ // cannot use the same implementation.
+
+ wmul_impl! {
+ (u32x2, u64x2),
+ (u32x4, u64x4),
+ (u32x8, u64x8),,
+ 32
+ }
+
+ // TODO: optimize, this seems to seriously slow things down
+ wmul_impl_large! { (u8x64,) u8, 4 }
+ wmul_impl_large! { (u16x32,) u16, 8 }
+ wmul_impl_large! { (u32x16,) u32, 16 }
+ wmul_impl_large! { (u64x2, u64x4, u64x8,) u64, 32 }
+}
+
+/// Helper trait when dealing with scalar and SIMD floating point types.
+pub(crate) trait FloatSIMDUtils {
+ // `PartialOrd` for vectors compares lexicographically. We want to compare all
+ // the individual SIMD lanes instead, and get the combined result over all
+ // lanes. This is possible using something like `a.lt(b).all()`, but we
+ // implement it as a trait so we can write the same code for `f32` and `f64`.
+ // Only the comparison functions we need are implemented.
+ fn all_lt(self, other: Self) -> bool;
+ fn all_le(self, other: Self) -> bool;
+ fn all_finite(self) -> bool;
+
+ type Mask;
+ fn finite_mask(self) -> Self::Mask;
+ fn gt_mask(self, other: Self) -> Self::Mask;
+ fn ge_mask(self, other: Self) -> Self::Mask;
+
+ // Decrease all lanes where the mask is `true` to the next lower value
+ // representable by the floating-point type. At least one of the lanes
+ // must be set.
+ fn decrease_masked(self, mask: Self::Mask) -> Self;
+
+ // Convert from int value. Conversion is done while retaining the numerical
+ // value, not by retaining the binary representation.
+ type UInt;
+ fn cast_from_int(i: Self::UInt) -> Self;
+}
+
+/// Implement functions available in std builds but missing from core primitives
+#[cfg(not(std))]
+// False positive: We are following `std` here.
+#[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
+pub(crate) trait Float: Sized {
+ fn is_nan(self) -> bool;
+ fn is_infinite(self) -> bool;
+ fn is_finite(self) -> bool;
+}
+
+/// Implement functions on f32/f64 to give them APIs similar to SIMD types
+pub(crate) trait FloatAsSIMD: Sized {
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn lanes() -> usize {
+ 1
+ }
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn splat(scalar: Self) -> Self {
+ scalar
+ }
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn extract(self, index: usize) -> Self {
+ debug_assert_eq!(index, 0);
+ self
+ }
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn replace(self, index: usize, new_value: Self) -> Self {
+ debug_assert_eq!(index, 0);
+ new_value
+ }
+}
+
+pub(crate) trait BoolAsSIMD: Sized {
+ fn any(self) -> bool;
+ fn all(self) -> bool;
+ fn none(self) -> bool;
+}
+
+impl BoolAsSIMD for bool {
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn any(self) -> bool {
+ self
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn all(self) -> bool {
+ self
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn none(self) -> bool {
+ !self
+ }
+}
+
+macro_rules! scalar_float_impl {
+ ($ty:ident, $uty:ident) => {
+ #[cfg(not(std))]
+ impl Float for $ty {
+ #[inline]
+ fn is_nan(self) -> bool {
+ self != self
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn is_infinite(self) -> bool {
+ self == ::core::$ty::INFINITY || self == ::core::$ty::NEG_INFINITY
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn is_finite(self) -> bool {
+ !(self.is_nan() || self.is_infinite())
+ }
+ }
+
+ impl FloatSIMDUtils for $ty {
+ type Mask = bool;
+ type UInt = $uty;
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn all_lt(self, other: Self) -> bool {
+ self < other
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn all_le(self, other: Self) -> bool {
+ self <= other
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn all_finite(self) -> bool {
+ self.is_finite()
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn finite_mask(self) -> Self::Mask {
+ self.is_finite()
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn gt_mask(self, other: Self) -> Self::Mask {
+ self > other
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn ge_mask(self, other: Self) -> Self::Mask {
+ self >= other
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn decrease_masked(self, mask: Self::Mask) -> Self {
+ debug_assert!(mask, "At least one lane must be set");
+ <$ty>::from_bits(self.to_bits() - 1)
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn cast_from_int(i: Self::UInt) -> Self {
+ i as $ty
+ }
+ }
+
+ impl FloatAsSIMD for $ty {}
+ };
+}
+
+scalar_float_impl!(f32, u32);
+scalar_float_impl!(f64, u64);
+
+
+#[cfg(feature = "simd_support")]
+macro_rules! simd_impl {
+ ($ty:ident, $f_scalar:ident, $mty:ident, $uty:ident) => {
+ impl FloatSIMDUtils for $ty {
+ type Mask = $mty;
+ type UInt = $uty;
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn all_lt(self, other: Self) -> bool {
+ self.lt(other).all()
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn all_le(self, other: Self) -> bool {
+ self.le(other).all()
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn all_finite(self) -> bool {
+ self.finite_mask().all()
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn finite_mask(self) -> Self::Mask {
+ // This can possibly be done faster by checking bit patterns
+ let neg_inf = $ty::splat(::core::$f_scalar::NEG_INFINITY);
+ let pos_inf = $ty::splat(::core::$f_scalar::INFINITY);
+ self.gt(neg_inf) & self.lt(pos_inf)
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn gt_mask(self, other: Self) -> Self::Mask {
+ self.gt(other)
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn ge_mask(self, other: Self) -> Self::Mask {
+ self.ge(other)
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn decrease_masked(self, mask: Self::Mask) -> Self {
+ // Casting a mask into ints will produce all bits set for
+ // true, and 0 for false. Adding that to the binary
+ // representation of a float means subtracting one from
+ // the binary representation, resulting in the next lower
+ // value representable by $ty. This works even when the
+ // current value is infinity.
+ debug_assert!(mask.any(), "At least one lane must be set");
+ <$ty>::from_bits(<$uty>::from_bits(self) + <$uty>::from_bits(mask))
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn cast_from_int(i: Self::UInt) -> Self {
+ i.cast()
+ }
+ }
+ };
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature="simd_support")] simd_impl! { f32x2, f32, m32x2, u32x2 }
+#[cfg(feature="simd_support")] simd_impl! { f32x4, f32, m32x4, u32x4 }
+#[cfg(feature="simd_support")] simd_impl! { f32x8, f32, m32x8, u32x8 }
+#[cfg(feature="simd_support")] simd_impl! { f32x16, f32, m32x16, u32x16 }
+#[cfg(feature="simd_support")] simd_impl! { f64x2, f64, m64x2, u64x2 }
+#[cfg(feature="simd_support")] simd_impl! { f64x4, f64, m64x4, u64x4 }
+#[cfg(feature="simd_support")] simd_impl! { f64x8, f64, m64x8, u64x8 }
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/weighted.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/weighted.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..846b9df9c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/weighted.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Weighted index sampling
+//!
+//! This module is deprecated. Use [`crate::distributions::WeightedIndex`] and
+//! [`crate::distributions::WeightedError`] instead.
+
+pub use super::{WeightedIndex, WeightedError};
+
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
+#[deprecated(since = "0.8.0", note = "moved to rand_distr crate")]
+pub mod alias_method {
+ // This module exists to provide a deprecation warning which minimises
+ // compile errors, but still fails to compile if ever used.
+ use core::marker::PhantomData;
+ use alloc::vec::Vec;
+ use super::WeightedError;
+
+ #[derive(Debug)]
+ pub struct WeightedIndex<W: Weight> {
+ _phantom: PhantomData<W>,
+ }
+ impl<W: Weight> WeightedIndex<W> {
+ pub fn new(_weights: Vec<W>) -> Result<Self, WeightedError> {
+ Err(WeightedError::NoItem)
+ }
+ }
+
+ pub trait Weight {}
+ macro_rules! impl_weight {
+ () => {};
+ ($T:ident, $($more:ident,)*) => {
+ impl Weight for $T {}
+ impl_weight!($($more,)*);
+ };
+ }
+ impl_weight!(f64, f32,);
+ impl_weight!(u8, u16, u32, u64, usize,);
+ impl_weight!(i8, i16, i32, i64, isize,);
+ impl_weight!(u128, i128,);
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/weighted_index.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/weighted_index.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8252b172f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/distributions/weighted_index.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,458 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Weighted index sampling
+
+use crate::distributions::uniform::{SampleBorrow, SampleUniform, UniformSampler};
+use crate::distributions::Distribution;
+use crate::Rng;
+use core::cmp::PartialOrd;
+use core::fmt;
+
+// Note that this whole module is only imported if feature="alloc" is enabled.
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "serde1")]
+use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
+
+/// A distribution using weighted sampling of discrete items
+///
+/// Sampling a `WeightedIndex` distribution returns the index of a randomly
+/// selected element from the iterator used when the `WeightedIndex` was
+/// created. The chance of a given element being picked is proportional to the
+/// value of the element. The weights can use any type `X` for which an
+/// implementation of [`Uniform<X>`] exists.
+///
+/// # Performance
+///
+/// Time complexity of sampling from `WeightedIndex` is `O(log N)` where
+/// `N` is the number of weights. As an alternative,
+/// [`rand_distr::weighted_alias`](https://docs.rs/rand_distr/*/rand_distr/weighted_alias/index.html)
+/// supports `O(1)` sampling, but with much higher initialisation cost.
+///
+/// A `WeightedIndex<X>` contains a `Vec<X>` and a [`Uniform<X>`] and so its
+/// size is the sum of the size of those objects, possibly plus some alignment.
+///
+/// Creating a `WeightedIndex<X>` will allocate enough space to hold `N - 1`
+/// weights of type `X`, where `N` is the number of weights. However, since
+/// `Vec` doesn't guarantee a particular growth strategy, additional memory
+/// might be allocated but not used. Since the `WeightedIndex` object also
+/// contains, this might cause additional allocations, though for primitive
+/// types, [`Uniform<X>`] doesn't allocate any memory.
+///
+/// Sampling from `WeightedIndex` will result in a single call to
+/// `Uniform<X>::sample` (method of the [`Distribution`] trait), which typically
+/// will request a single value from the underlying [`RngCore`], though the
+/// exact number depends on the implementation of `Uniform<X>::sample`.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```
+/// use rand::prelude::*;
+/// use rand::distributions::WeightedIndex;
+///
+/// let choices = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
+/// let weights = [2, 1, 1];
+/// let dist = WeightedIndex::new(&weights).unwrap();
+/// let mut rng = thread_rng();
+/// for _ in 0..100 {
+/// // 50% chance to print 'a', 25% chance to print 'b', 25% chance to print 'c'
+/// println!("{}", choices[dist.sample(&mut rng)]);
+/// }
+///
+/// let items = [('a', 0), ('b', 3), ('c', 7)];
+/// let dist2 = WeightedIndex::new(items.iter().map(|item| item.1)).unwrap();
+/// for _ in 0..100 {
+/// // 0% chance to print 'a', 30% chance to print 'b', 70% chance to print 'c'
+/// println!("{}", items[dist2.sample(&mut rng)].0);
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`Uniform<X>`]: crate::distributions::Uniform
+/// [`RngCore`]: crate::RngCore
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde1", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "alloc")))]
+pub struct WeightedIndex<X: SampleUniform + PartialOrd> {
+ cumulative_weights: Vec<X>,
+ total_weight: X,
+ weight_distribution: X::Sampler,
+}
+
+impl<X: SampleUniform + PartialOrd> WeightedIndex<X> {
+ /// Creates a new a `WeightedIndex` [`Distribution`] using the values
+ /// in `weights`. The weights can use any type `X` for which an
+ /// implementation of [`Uniform<X>`] exists.
+ ///
+ /// Returns an error if the iterator is empty, if any weight is `< 0`, or
+ /// if its total value is 0.
+ ///
+ /// [`Uniform<X>`]: crate::distributions::uniform::Uniform
+ pub fn new<I>(weights: I) -> Result<WeightedIndex<X>, WeightedError>
+ where
+ I: IntoIterator,
+ I::Item: SampleBorrow<X>,
+ X: for<'a> ::core::ops::AddAssign<&'a X> + Clone + Default,
+ {
+ let mut iter = weights.into_iter();
+ let mut total_weight: X = iter.next().ok_or(WeightedError::NoItem)?.borrow().clone();
+
+ let zero = <X as Default>::default();
+ if !(total_weight >= zero) {
+ return Err(WeightedError::InvalidWeight);
+ }
+
+ let mut weights = Vec::<X>::with_capacity(iter.size_hint().0);
+ for w in iter {
+ // Note that `!(w >= x)` is not equivalent to `w < x` for partially
+ // ordered types due to NaNs which are equal to nothing.
+ if !(w.borrow() >= &zero) {
+ return Err(WeightedError::InvalidWeight);
+ }
+ weights.push(total_weight.clone());
+ total_weight += w.borrow();
+ }
+
+ if total_weight == zero {
+ return Err(WeightedError::AllWeightsZero);
+ }
+ let distr = X::Sampler::new(zero, total_weight.clone());
+
+ Ok(WeightedIndex {
+ cumulative_weights: weights,
+ total_weight,
+ weight_distribution: distr,
+ })
+ }
+
+ /// Update a subset of weights, without changing the number of weights.
+ ///
+ /// `new_weights` must be sorted by the index.
+ ///
+ /// Using this method instead of `new` might be more efficient if only a small number of
+ /// weights is modified. No allocations are performed, unless the weight type `X` uses
+ /// allocation internally.
+ ///
+ /// In case of error, `self` is not modified.
+ pub fn update_weights(&mut self, new_weights: &[(usize, &X)]) -> Result<(), WeightedError>
+ where X: for<'a> ::core::ops::AddAssign<&'a X>
+ + for<'a> ::core::ops::SubAssign<&'a X>
+ + Clone
+ + Default {
+ if new_weights.is_empty() {
+ return Ok(());
+ }
+
+ let zero = <X as Default>::default();
+
+ let mut total_weight = self.total_weight.clone();
+
+ // Check for errors first, so we don't modify `self` in case something
+ // goes wrong.
+ let mut prev_i = None;
+ for &(i, w) in new_weights {
+ if let Some(old_i) = prev_i {
+ if old_i >= i {
+ return Err(WeightedError::InvalidWeight);
+ }
+ }
+ if !(*w >= zero) {
+ return Err(WeightedError::InvalidWeight);
+ }
+ if i > self.cumulative_weights.len() {
+ return Err(WeightedError::TooMany);
+ }
+
+ let mut old_w = if i < self.cumulative_weights.len() {
+ self.cumulative_weights[i].clone()
+ } else {
+ self.total_weight.clone()
+ };
+ if i > 0 {
+ old_w -= &self.cumulative_weights[i - 1];
+ }
+
+ total_weight -= &old_w;
+ total_weight += w;
+ prev_i = Some(i);
+ }
+ if total_weight <= zero {
+ return Err(WeightedError::AllWeightsZero);
+ }
+
+ // Update the weights. Because we checked all the preconditions in the
+ // previous loop, this should never panic.
+ let mut iter = new_weights.iter();
+
+ let mut prev_weight = zero.clone();
+ let mut next_new_weight = iter.next();
+ let &(first_new_index, _) = next_new_weight.unwrap();
+ let mut cumulative_weight = if first_new_index > 0 {
+ self.cumulative_weights[first_new_index - 1].clone()
+ } else {
+ zero.clone()
+ };
+ for i in first_new_index..self.cumulative_weights.len() {
+ match next_new_weight {
+ Some(&(j, w)) if i == j => {
+ cumulative_weight += w;
+ next_new_weight = iter.next();
+ }
+ _ => {
+ let mut tmp = self.cumulative_weights[i].clone();
+ tmp -= &prev_weight; // We know this is positive.
+ cumulative_weight += &tmp;
+ }
+ }
+ prev_weight = cumulative_weight.clone();
+ core::mem::swap(&mut prev_weight, &mut self.cumulative_weights[i]);
+ }
+
+ self.total_weight = total_weight;
+ self.weight_distribution = X::Sampler::new(zero, self.total_weight.clone());
+
+ Ok(())
+ }
+}
+
+impl<X> Distribution<usize> for WeightedIndex<X>
+where X: SampleUniform + PartialOrd
+{
+ fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> usize {
+ use ::core::cmp::Ordering;
+ let chosen_weight = self.weight_distribution.sample(rng);
+ // Find the first item which has a weight *higher* than the chosen weight.
+ self.cumulative_weights
+ .binary_search_by(|w| {
+ if *w <= chosen_weight {
+ Ordering::Less
+ } else {
+ Ordering::Greater
+ }
+ })
+ .unwrap_err()
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+ use super::*;
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "serde1")]
+ #[test]
+ fn test_weightedindex_serde1() {
+ let weighted_index = WeightedIndex::new(&[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]).unwrap();
+
+ let ser_weighted_index = bincode::serialize(&weighted_index).unwrap();
+ let de_weighted_index: WeightedIndex<i32> =
+ bincode::deserialize(&ser_weighted_index).unwrap();
+
+ assert_eq!(
+ de_weighted_index.cumulative_weights,
+ weighted_index.cumulative_weights
+ );
+ assert_eq!(de_weighted_index.total_weight, weighted_index.total_weight);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_accepting_nan(){
+ assert_eq!(
+ WeightedIndex::new(&[core::f32::NAN, 0.5]).unwrap_err(),
+ WeightedError::InvalidWeight,
+ );
+ assert_eq!(
+ WeightedIndex::new(&[core::f32::NAN]).unwrap_err(),
+ WeightedError::InvalidWeight,
+ );
+ assert_eq!(
+ WeightedIndex::new(&[0.5, core::f32::NAN]).unwrap_err(),
+ WeightedError::InvalidWeight,
+ );
+
+ assert_eq!(
+ WeightedIndex::new(&[0.5, 7.0])
+ .unwrap()
+ .update_weights(&[(0, &core::f32::NAN)])
+ .unwrap_err(),
+ WeightedError::InvalidWeight,
+ )
+ }
+
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // Miri is too slow
+ fn test_weightedindex() {
+ let mut r = crate::test::rng(700);
+ const N_REPS: u32 = 5000;
+ let weights = [1u32, 2, 3, 0, 5, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7];
+ let total_weight = weights.iter().sum::<u32>() as f32;
+
+ let verify = |result: [i32; 14]| {
+ for (i, count) in result.iter().enumerate() {
+ let exp = (weights[i] * N_REPS) as f32 / total_weight;
+ let mut err = (*count as f32 - exp).abs();
+ if err != 0.0 {
+ err /= exp;
+ }
+ assert!(err <= 0.25);
+ }
+ };
+
+ // WeightedIndex from vec
+ let mut chosen = [0i32; 14];
+ let distr = WeightedIndex::new(weights.to_vec()).unwrap();
+ for _ in 0..N_REPS {
+ chosen[distr.sample(&mut r)] += 1;
+ }
+ verify(chosen);
+
+ // WeightedIndex from slice
+ chosen = [0i32; 14];
+ let distr = WeightedIndex::new(&weights[..]).unwrap();
+ for _ in 0..N_REPS {
+ chosen[distr.sample(&mut r)] += 1;
+ }
+ verify(chosen);
+
+ // WeightedIndex from iterator
+ chosen = [0i32; 14];
+ let distr = WeightedIndex::new(weights.iter()).unwrap();
+ for _ in 0..N_REPS {
+ chosen[distr.sample(&mut r)] += 1;
+ }
+ verify(chosen);
+
+ for _ in 0..5 {
+ assert_eq!(WeightedIndex::new(&[0, 1]).unwrap().sample(&mut r), 1);
+ assert_eq!(WeightedIndex::new(&[1, 0]).unwrap().sample(&mut r), 0);
+ assert_eq!(
+ WeightedIndex::new(&[0, 0, 0, 0, 10, 0])
+ .unwrap()
+ .sample(&mut r),
+ 4
+ );
+ }
+
+ assert_eq!(
+ WeightedIndex::new(&[10][0..0]).unwrap_err(),
+ WeightedError::NoItem
+ );
+ assert_eq!(
+ WeightedIndex::new(&[0]).unwrap_err(),
+ WeightedError::AllWeightsZero
+ );
+ assert_eq!(
+ WeightedIndex::new(&[10, 20, -1, 30]).unwrap_err(),
+ WeightedError::InvalidWeight
+ );
+ assert_eq!(
+ WeightedIndex::new(&[-10, 20, 1, 30]).unwrap_err(),
+ WeightedError::InvalidWeight
+ );
+ assert_eq!(
+ WeightedIndex::new(&[-10]).unwrap_err(),
+ WeightedError::InvalidWeight
+ );
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_update_weights() {
+ let data = [
+ (
+ &[10u32, 2, 3, 4][..],
+ &[(1, &100), (2, &4)][..], // positive change
+ &[10, 100, 4, 4][..],
+ ),
+ (
+ &[1u32, 2, 3, 0, 5, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7][..],
+ &[(2, &1), (5, &1), (13, &100)][..], // negative change and last element
+ &[1u32, 2, 1, 0, 5, 1, 7, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 100][..],
+ ),
+ ];
+
+ for (weights, update, expected_weights) in data.iter() {
+ let total_weight = weights.iter().sum::<u32>();
+ let mut distr = WeightedIndex::new(weights.to_vec()).unwrap();
+ assert_eq!(distr.total_weight, total_weight);
+
+ distr.update_weights(update).unwrap();
+ let expected_total_weight = expected_weights.iter().sum::<u32>();
+ let expected_distr = WeightedIndex::new(expected_weights.to_vec()).unwrap();
+ assert_eq!(distr.total_weight, expected_total_weight);
+ assert_eq!(distr.total_weight, expected_distr.total_weight);
+ assert_eq!(distr.cumulative_weights, expected_distr.cumulative_weights);
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn value_stability() {
+ fn test_samples<X: SampleUniform + PartialOrd, I>(
+ weights: I, buf: &mut [usize], expected: &[usize],
+ ) where
+ I: IntoIterator,
+ I::Item: SampleBorrow<X>,
+ X: for<'a> ::core::ops::AddAssign<&'a X> + Clone + Default,
+ {
+ assert_eq!(buf.len(), expected.len());
+ let distr = WeightedIndex::new(weights).unwrap();
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(701);
+ for r in buf.iter_mut() {
+ *r = rng.sample(&distr);
+ }
+ assert_eq!(buf, expected);
+ }
+
+ let mut buf = [0; 10];
+ test_samples(&[1i32, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], &mut buf, &[
+ 0, 6, 2, 6, 3, 4, 7, 8, 2, 5,
+ ]);
+ test_samples(&[0.7f32, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1], &mut buf, &[
+ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 3, 0, 0,
+ ]);
+ test_samples(&[1.0f64, 0.999, 0.998, 0.997], &mut buf, &[
+ 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1,
+ ]);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn weighted_index_distributions_can_be_compared() {
+ assert_eq!(WeightedIndex::new(&[1, 2]), WeightedIndex::new(&[1, 2]));
+ }
+}
+
+/// Error type returned from `WeightedIndex::new`.
+#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "alloc")))]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum WeightedError {
+ /// The provided weight collection contains no items.
+ NoItem,
+
+ /// A weight is either less than zero, greater than the supported maximum,
+ /// NaN, or otherwise invalid.
+ InvalidWeight,
+
+ /// All items in the provided weight collection are zero.
+ AllWeightsZero,
+
+ /// Too many weights are provided (length greater than `u32::MAX`)
+ TooMany,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+impl std::error::Error for WeightedError {}
+
+impl fmt::Display for WeightedError {
+ fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+ f.write_str(match *self {
+ WeightedError::NoItem => "No weights provided in distribution",
+ WeightedError::InvalidWeight => "A weight is invalid in distribution",
+ WeightedError::AllWeightsZero => "All weights are zero in distribution",
+ WeightedError::TooMany => "Too many weights (hit u32::MAX) in distribution",
+ })
+ }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/lib.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d84718011
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+// Copyright 2013-2017 The Rust Project Developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Utilities for random number generation
+//!
+//! Rand provides utilities to generate random numbers, to convert them to
+//! useful types and distributions, and some randomness-related algorithms.
+//!
+//! # Quick Start
+//!
+//! To get you started quickly, the easiest and highest-level way to get
+//! a random value is to use [`random()`]; alternatively you can use
+//! [`thread_rng()`]. The [`Rng`] trait provides a useful API on all RNGs, while
+//! the [`distributions`] and [`seq`] modules provide further
+//! functionality on top of RNGs.
+//!
+//! ```
+//! use rand::prelude::*;
+//!
+//! if rand::random() { // generates a boolean
+//! // Try printing a random unicode code point (probably a bad idea)!
+//! println!("char: {}", rand::random::<char>());
+//! }
+//!
+//! let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
+//! let y: f64 = rng.gen(); // generates a float between 0 and 1
+//!
+//! let mut nums: Vec<i32> = (1..100).collect();
+//! nums.shuffle(&mut rng);
+//! ```
+//!
+//! # The Book
+//!
+//! For the user guide and further documentation, please read
+//! [The Rust Rand Book](https://rust-random.github.io/book).
+
+#![doc(
+ html_logo_url = "https://www.rust-lang.org/logos/rust-logo-128x128-blk.png",
+ html_favicon_url = "https://www.rust-lang.org/favicon.ico",
+ html_root_url = "https://rust-random.github.io/rand/"
+)]
+#![deny(missing_docs)]
+#![deny(missing_debug_implementations)]
+#![doc(test(attr(allow(unused_variables), deny(warnings))))]
+#![no_std]
+#![cfg_attr(feature = "simd_support", feature(stdsimd))]
+#![cfg_attr(doc_cfg, feature(doc_cfg))]
+#![allow(
+ clippy::float_cmp,
+ clippy::neg_cmp_op_on_partial_ord,
+)]
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")] extern crate std;
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")] extern crate alloc;
+
+#[allow(unused)]
+macro_rules! trace { ($($x:tt)*) => (
+ #[cfg(feature = "log")] {
+ log::trace!($($x)*)
+ }
+) }
+#[allow(unused)]
+macro_rules! debug { ($($x:tt)*) => (
+ #[cfg(feature = "log")] {
+ log::debug!($($x)*)
+ }
+) }
+#[allow(unused)]
+macro_rules! info { ($($x:tt)*) => (
+ #[cfg(feature = "log")] {
+ log::info!($($x)*)
+ }
+) }
+#[allow(unused)]
+macro_rules! warn { ($($x:tt)*) => (
+ #[cfg(feature = "log")] {
+ log::warn!($($x)*)
+ }
+) }
+#[allow(unused)]
+macro_rules! error { ($($x:tt)*) => (
+ #[cfg(feature = "log")] {
+ log::error!($($x)*)
+ }
+) }
+
+// Re-exports from rand_core
+pub use rand_core::{CryptoRng, Error, RngCore, SeedableRng};
+
+// Public modules
+pub mod distributions;
+pub mod prelude;
+mod rng;
+pub mod rngs;
+pub mod seq;
+
+// Public exports
+#[cfg(all(feature = "std", feature = "std_rng"))]
+pub use crate::rngs::thread::thread_rng;
+pub use rng::{Fill, Rng};
+
+#[cfg(all(feature = "std", feature = "std_rng"))]
+use crate::distributions::{Distribution, Standard};
+
+/// Generates a random value using the thread-local random number generator.
+///
+/// This is simply a shortcut for `thread_rng().gen()`. See [`thread_rng`] for
+/// documentation of the entropy source and [`Standard`] for documentation of
+/// distributions and type-specific generation.
+///
+/// # Provided implementations
+///
+/// The following types have provided implementations that
+/// generate values with the following ranges and distributions:
+///
+/// * Integers (`i32`, `u32`, `isize`, `usize`, etc.): Uniformly distributed
+/// over all values of the type.
+/// * `char`: Uniformly distributed over all Unicode scalar values, i.e. all
+/// code points in the range `0...0x10_FFFF`, except for the range
+/// `0xD800...0xDFFF` (the surrogate code points). This includes
+/// unassigned/reserved code points.
+/// * `bool`: Generates `false` or `true`, each with probability 0.5.
+/// * Floating point types (`f32` and `f64`): Uniformly distributed in the
+/// half-open range `[0, 1)`. See notes below.
+/// * Wrapping integers (`Wrapping<T>`), besides the type identical to their
+/// normal integer variants.
+///
+/// Also supported is the generation of the following
+/// compound types where all component types are supported:
+///
+/// * Tuples (up to 12 elements): each element is generated sequentially.
+/// * Arrays (up to 32 elements): each element is generated sequentially;
+/// see also [`Rng::fill`] which supports arbitrary array length for integer
+/// types and tends to be faster for `u32` and smaller types.
+/// * `Option<T>` first generates a `bool`, and if true generates and returns
+/// `Some(value)` where `value: T`, otherwise returning `None`.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// let x = rand::random::<u8>();
+/// println!("{}", x);
+///
+/// let y = rand::random::<f64>();
+/// println!("{}", y);
+///
+/// if rand::random() { // generates a boolean
+/// println!("Better lucky than good!");
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// If you're calling `random()` in a loop, caching the generator as in the
+/// following example can increase performance.
+///
+/// ```
+/// use rand::Rng;
+///
+/// let mut v = vec![1, 2, 3];
+///
+/// for x in v.iter_mut() {
+/// *x = rand::random()
+/// }
+///
+/// // can be made faster by caching thread_rng
+///
+/// let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
+///
+/// for x in v.iter_mut() {
+/// *x = rng.gen();
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`Standard`]: distributions::Standard
+#[cfg(all(feature = "std", feature = "std_rng"))]
+#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(all(feature = "std", feature = "std_rng"))))]
+#[inline]
+pub fn random<T>() -> T
+where Standard: Distribution<T> {
+ thread_rng().gen()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+ use super::*;
+
+ /// Construct a deterministic RNG with the given seed
+ pub fn rng(seed: u64) -> impl RngCore {
+ // For tests, we want a statistically good, fast, reproducible RNG.
+ // PCG32 will do fine, and will be easy to embed if we ever need to.
+ const INC: u64 = 11634580027462260723;
+ rand_pcg::Pcg32::new(seed, INC)
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg(all(feature = "std", feature = "std_rng"))]
+ fn test_random() {
+ let _n: usize = random();
+ let _f: f32 = random();
+ let _o: Option<Option<i8>> = random();
+ #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+ let _many: (
+ (),
+ (usize, isize, Option<(u32, (bool,))>),
+ (u8, i8, u16, i16, u32, i32, u64, i64),
+ (f32, (f64, (f64,))),
+ ) = random();
+ }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/prelude.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/prelude.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..51c457e3f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/prelude.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Convenience re-export of common members
+//!
+//! Like the standard library's prelude, this module simplifies importing of
+//! common items. Unlike the standard prelude, the contents of this module must
+//! be imported manually:
+//!
+//! ```
+//! use rand::prelude::*;
+//! # let mut r = StdRng::from_rng(thread_rng()).unwrap();
+//! # let _: f32 = r.gen();
+//! ```
+
+#[doc(no_inline)] pub use crate::distributions::Distribution;
+#[cfg(feature = "small_rng")]
+#[doc(no_inline)]
+pub use crate::rngs::SmallRng;
+#[cfg(feature = "std_rng")]
+#[doc(no_inline)] pub use crate::rngs::StdRng;
+#[doc(no_inline)]
+#[cfg(all(feature = "std", feature = "std_rng"))]
+pub use crate::rngs::ThreadRng;
+#[doc(no_inline)] pub use crate::seq::{IteratorRandom, SliceRandom};
+#[doc(no_inline)]
+#[cfg(all(feature = "std", feature = "std_rng"))]
+pub use crate::{random, thread_rng};
+#[doc(no_inline)] pub use crate::{CryptoRng, Rng, RngCore, SeedableRng};
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/rng.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rng.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79a9fbff46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rng.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,600 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+// Copyright 2013-2017 The Rust Project Developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! [`Rng`] trait
+
+use rand_core::{Error, RngCore};
+use crate::distributions::uniform::{SampleRange, SampleUniform};
+use crate::distributions::{self, Distribution, Standard};
+use core::num::Wrapping;
+use core::{mem, slice};
+
+/// An automatically-implemented extension trait on [`RngCore`] providing high-level
+/// generic methods for sampling values and other convenience methods.
+///
+/// This is the primary trait to use when generating random values.
+///
+/// # Generic usage
+///
+/// The basic pattern is `fn foo<R: Rng + ?Sized>(rng: &mut R)`. Some
+/// things are worth noting here:
+///
+/// - Since `Rng: RngCore` and every `RngCore` implements `Rng`, it makes no
+/// difference whether we use `R: Rng` or `R: RngCore`.
+/// - The `+ ?Sized` un-bounding allows functions to be called directly on
+/// type-erased references; i.e. `foo(r)` where `r: &mut dyn RngCore`. Without
+/// this it would be necessary to write `foo(&mut r)`.
+///
+/// An alternative pattern is possible: `fn foo<R: Rng>(rng: R)`. This has some
+/// trade-offs. It allows the argument to be consumed directly without a `&mut`
+/// (which is how `from_rng(thread_rng())` works); also it still works directly
+/// on references (including type-erased references). Unfortunately within the
+/// function `foo` it is not known whether `rng` is a reference type or not,
+/// hence many uses of `rng` require an extra reference, either explicitly
+/// (`distr.sample(&mut rng)`) or implicitly (`rng.gen()`); one may hope the
+/// optimiser can remove redundant references later.
+///
+/// Example:
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use rand::thread_rng;
+/// use rand::Rng;
+///
+/// fn foo<R: Rng + ?Sized>(rng: &mut R) -> f32 {
+/// rng.gen()
+/// }
+///
+/// # let v = foo(&mut thread_rng());
+/// ```
+pub trait Rng: RngCore {
+ /// Return a random value supporting the [`Standard`] distribution.
+ ///
+ /// # Example
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
+ ///
+ /// let mut rng = thread_rng();
+ /// let x: u32 = rng.gen();
+ /// println!("{}", x);
+ /// println!("{:?}", rng.gen::<(f64, bool)>());
+ /// ```
+ ///
+ /// # Arrays and tuples
+ ///
+ /// The `rng.gen()` method is able to generate arrays (up to 32 elements)
+ /// and tuples (up to 12 elements), so long as all element types can be
+ /// generated.
+ /// When using `rustc` β‰₯ 1.51, enable the `min_const_gen` feature to support
+ /// arrays larger than 32 elements.
+ ///
+ /// For arrays of integers, especially for those with small element types
+ /// (< 64 bit), it will likely be faster to instead use [`Rng::fill`].
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
+ ///
+ /// let mut rng = thread_rng();
+ /// let tuple: (u8, i32, char) = rng.gen(); // arbitrary tuple support
+ ///
+ /// let arr1: [f32; 32] = rng.gen(); // array construction
+ /// let mut arr2 = [0u8; 128];
+ /// rng.fill(&mut arr2); // array fill
+ /// ```
+ ///
+ /// [`Standard`]: distributions::Standard
+ #[inline]
+ fn gen<T>(&mut self) -> T
+ where Standard: Distribution<T> {
+ Standard.sample(self)
+ }
+
+ /// Generate a random value in the given range.
+ ///
+ /// This function is optimised for the case that only a single sample is
+ /// made from the given range. See also the [`Uniform`] distribution
+ /// type which may be faster if sampling from the same range repeatedly.
+ ///
+ /// Only `gen_range(low..high)` and `gen_range(low..=high)` are supported.
+ ///
+ /// # Panics
+ ///
+ /// Panics if the range is empty.
+ ///
+ /// # Example
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
+ ///
+ /// let mut rng = thread_rng();
+ ///
+ /// // Exclusive range
+ /// let n: u32 = rng.gen_range(0..10);
+ /// println!("{}", n);
+ /// let m: f64 = rng.gen_range(-40.0..1.3e5);
+ /// println!("{}", m);
+ ///
+ /// // Inclusive range
+ /// let n: u32 = rng.gen_range(0..=10);
+ /// println!("{}", n);
+ /// ```
+ ///
+ /// [`Uniform`]: distributions::uniform::Uniform
+ fn gen_range<T, R>(&mut self, range: R) -> T
+ where
+ T: SampleUniform,
+ R: SampleRange<T>
+ {
+ assert!(!range.is_empty(), "cannot sample empty range");
+ range.sample_single(self)
+ }
+
+ /// Sample a new value, using the given distribution.
+ ///
+ /// ### Example
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
+ /// use rand::distributions::Uniform;
+ ///
+ /// let mut rng = thread_rng();
+ /// let x = rng.sample(Uniform::new(10u32, 15));
+ /// // Type annotation requires two types, the type and distribution; the
+ /// // distribution can be inferred.
+ /// let y = rng.sample::<u16, _>(Uniform::new(10, 15));
+ /// ```
+ fn sample<T, D: Distribution<T>>(&mut self, distr: D) -> T {
+ distr.sample(self)
+ }
+
+ /// Create an iterator that generates values using the given distribution.
+ ///
+ /// Note that this function takes its arguments by value. This works since
+ /// `(&mut R): Rng where R: Rng` and
+ /// `(&D): Distribution where D: Distribution`,
+ /// however borrowing is not automatic hence `rng.sample_iter(...)` may
+ /// need to be replaced with `(&mut rng).sample_iter(...)`.
+ ///
+ /// # Example
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
+ /// use rand::distributions::{Alphanumeric, Uniform, Standard};
+ ///
+ /// let mut rng = thread_rng();
+ ///
+ /// // Vec of 16 x f32:
+ /// let v: Vec<f32> = (&mut rng).sample_iter(Standard).take(16).collect();
+ ///
+ /// // String:
+ /// let s: String = (&mut rng).sample_iter(Alphanumeric)
+ /// .take(7)
+ /// .map(char::from)
+ /// .collect();
+ ///
+ /// // Combined values
+ /// println!("{:?}", (&mut rng).sample_iter(Standard).take(5)
+ /// .collect::<Vec<(f64, bool)>>());
+ ///
+ /// // Dice-rolling:
+ /// let die_range = Uniform::new_inclusive(1, 6);
+ /// let mut roll_die = (&mut rng).sample_iter(die_range);
+ /// while roll_die.next().unwrap() != 6 {
+ /// println!("Not a 6; rolling again!");
+ /// }
+ /// ```
+ fn sample_iter<T, D>(self, distr: D) -> distributions::DistIter<D, Self, T>
+ where
+ D: Distribution<T>,
+ Self: Sized,
+ {
+ distr.sample_iter(self)
+ }
+
+ /// Fill any type implementing [`Fill`] with random data
+ ///
+ /// The distribution is expected to be uniform with portable results, but
+ /// this cannot be guaranteed for third-party implementations.
+ ///
+ /// This is identical to [`try_fill`] except that it panics on error.
+ ///
+ /// # Example
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
+ ///
+ /// let mut arr = [0i8; 20];
+ /// thread_rng().fill(&mut arr[..]);
+ /// ```
+ ///
+ /// [`fill_bytes`]: RngCore::fill_bytes
+ /// [`try_fill`]: Rng::try_fill
+ fn fill<T: Fill + ?Sized>(&mut self, dest: &mut T) {
+ dest.try_fill(self).unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("Rng::fill failed"))
+ }
+
+ /// Fill any type implementing [`Fill`] with random data
+ ///
+ /// The distribution is expected to be uniform with portable results, but
+ /// this cannot be guaranteed for third-party implementations.
+ ///
+ /// This is identical to [`fill`] except that it forwards errors.
+ ///
+ /// # Example
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// # use rand::Error;
+ /// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
+ ///
+ /// # fn try_inner() -> Result<(), Error> {
+ /// let mut arr = [0u64; 4];
+ /// thread_rng().try_fill(&mut arr[..])?;
+ /// # Ok(())
+ /// # }
+ ///
+ /// # try_inner().unwrap()
+ /// ```
+ ///
+ /// [`try_fill_bytes`]: RngCore::try_fill_bytes
+ /// [`fill`]: Rng::fill
+ fn try_fill<T: Fill + ?Sized>(&mut self, dest: &mut T) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ dest.try_fill(self)
+ }
+
+ /// Return a bool with a probability `p` of being true.
+ ///
+ /// See also the [`Bernoulli`] distribution, which may be faster if
+ /// sampling from the same probability repeatedly.
+ ///
+ /// # Example
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
+ ///
+ /// let mut rng = thread_rng();
+ /// println!("{}", rng.gen_bool(1.0 / 3.0));
+ /// ```
+ ///
+ /// # Panics
+ ///
+ /// If `p < 0` or `p > 1`.
+ ///
+ /// [`Bernoulli`]: distributions::Bernoulli
+ #[inline]
+ fn gen_bool(&mut self, p: f64) -> bool {
+ let d = distributions::Bernoulli::new(p).unwrap();
+ self.sample(d)
+ }
+
+ /// Return a bool with a probability of `numerator/denominator` of being
+ /// true. I.e. `gen_ratio(2, 3)` has chance of 2 in 3, or about 67%, of
+ /// returning true. If `numerator == denominator`, then the returned value
+ /// is guaranteed to be `true`. If `numerator == 0`, then the returned
+ /// value is guaranteed to be `false`.
+ ///
+ /// See also the [`Bernoulli`] distribution, which may be faster if
+ /// sampling from the same `numerator` and `denominator` repeatedly.
+ ///
+ /// # Panics
+ ///
+ /// If `denominator == 0` or `numerator > denominator`.
+ ///
+ /// # Example
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
+ ///
+ /// let mut rng = thread_rng();
+ /// println!("{}", rng.gen_ratio(2, 3));
+ /// ```
+ ///
+ /// [`Bernoulli`]: distributions::Bernoulli
+ #[inline]
+ fn gen_ratio(&mut self, numerator: u32, denominator: u32) -> bool {
+ let d = distributions::Bernoulli::from_ratio(numerator, denominator).unwrap();
+ self.sample(d)
+ }
+}
+
+impl<R: RngCore + ?Sized> Rng for R {}
+
+/// Types which may be filled with random data
+///
+/// This trait allows arrays to be efficiently filled with random data.
+///
+/// Implementations are expected to be portable across machines unless
+/// clearly documented otherwise (see the
+/// [Chapter on Portability](https://rust-random.github.io/book/portability.html)).
+pub trait Fill {
+ /// Fill self with random data
+ fn try_fill<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&mut self, rng: &mut R) -> Result<(), Error>;
+}
+
+macro_rules! impl_fill_each {
+ () => {};
+ ($t:ty) => {
+ impl Fill for [$t] {
+ fn try_fill<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&mut self, rng: &mut R) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ for elt in self.iter_mut() {
+ *elt = rng.gen();
+ }
+ Ok(())
+ }
+ }
+ };
+ ($t:ty, $($tt:ty,)*) => {
+ impl_fill_each!($t);
+ impl_fill_each!($($tt,)*);
+ };
+}
+
+impl_fill_each!(bool, char, f32, f64,);
+
+impl Fill for [u8] {
+ fn try_fill<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&mut self, rng: &mut R) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ rng.try_fill_bytes(self)
+ }
+}
+
+macro_rules! impl_fill {
+ () => {};
+ ($t:ty) => {
+ impl Fill for [$t] {
+ #[inline(never)] // in micro benchmarks, this improves performance
+ fn try_fill<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&mut self, rng: &mut R) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ if self.len() > 0 {
+ rng.try_fill_bytes(unsafe {
+ slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.as_mut_ptr()
+ as *mut u8,
+ self.len() * mem::size_of::<$t>()
+ )
+ })?;
+ for x in self {
+ *x = x.to_le();
+ }
+ }
+ Ok(())
+ }
+ }
+
+ impl Fill for [Wrapping<$t>] {
+ #[inline(never)]
+ fn try_fill<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&mut self, rng: &mut R) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ if self.len() > 0 {
+ rng.try_fill_bytes(unsafe {
+ slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.as_mut_ptr()
+ as *mut u8,
+ self.len() * mem::size_of::<$t>()
+ )
+ })?;
+ for x in self {
+ *x = Wrapping(x.0.to_le());
+ }
+ }
+ Ok(())
+ }
+ }
+ };
+ ($t:ty, $($tt:ty,)*) => {
+ impl_fill!($t);
+ // TODO: this could replace above impl once Rust #32463 is fixed
+ // impl_fill!(Wrapping<$t>);
+ impl_fill!($($tt,)*);
+ }
+}
+
+impl_fill!(u16, u32, u64, usize, u128,);
+impl_fill!(i8, i16, i32, i64, isize, i128,);
+
+#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "min_const_gen")))]
+#[cfg(feature = "min_const_gen")]
+impl<T, const N: usize> Fill for [T; N]
+where [T]: Fill
+{
+ fn try_fill<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&mut self, rng: &mut R) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ self[..].try_fill(rng)
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "min_const_gen"))]
+macro_rules! impl_fill_arrays {
+ ($n:expr,) => {};
+ ($n:expr, $N:ident) => {
+ impl<T> Fill for [T; $n] where [T]: Fill {
+ fn try_fill<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&mut self, rng: &mut R) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ self[..].try_fill(rng)
+ }
+ }
+ };
+ ($n:expr, $N:ident, $($NN:ident,)*) => {
+ impl_fill_arrays!($n, $N);
+ impl_fill_arrays!($n - 1, $($NN,)*);
+ };
+ (!div $n:expr,) => {};
+ (!div $n:expr, $N:ident, $($NN:ident,)*) => {
+ impl_fill_arrays!($n, $N);
+ impl_fill_arrays!(!div $n / 2, $($NN,)*);
+ };
+}
+#[cfg(not(feature = "min_const_gen"))]
+#[rustfmt::skip]
+impl_fill_arrays!(32, N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,);
+#[cfg(not(feature = "min_const_gen"))]
+impl_fill_arrays!(!div 4096, N,N,N,N,N,N,N,);
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+ use super::*;
+ use crate::test::rng;
+ use crate::rngs::mock::StepRng;
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] use alloc::boxed::Box;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_fill_bytes_default() {
+ let mut r = StepRng::new(0x11_22_33_44_55_66_77_88, 0);
+
+ // check every remainder mod 8, both in small and big vectors.
+ let lengths = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87];
+ for &n in lengths.iter() {
+ let mut buffer = [0u8; 87];
+ let v = &mut buffer[0..n];
+ r.fill_bytes(v);
+
+ // use this to get nicer error messages.
+ for (i, &byte) in v.iter().enumerate() {
+ if byte == 0 {
+ panic!("byte {} of {} is zero", i, n)
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_fill() {
+ let x = 9041086907909331047; // a random u64
+ let mut rng = StepRng::new(x, 0);
+
+ // Convert to byte sequence and back to u64; byte-swap twice if BE.
+ let mut array = [0u64; 2];
+ rng.fill(&mut array[..]);
+ assert_eq!(array, [x, x]);
+ assert_eq!(rng.next_u64(), x);
+
+ // Convert to bytes then u32 in LE order
+ let mut array = [0u32; 2];
+ rng.fill(&mut array[..]);
+ assert_eq!(array, [x as u32, (x >> 32) as u32]);
+ assert_eq!(rng.next_u32(), x as u32);
+
+ // Check equivalence using wrapped arrays
+ let mut warray = [Wrapping(0u32); 2];
+ rng.fill(&mut warray[..]);
+ assert_eq!(array[0], warray[0].0);
+ assert_eq!(array[1], warray[1].0);
+
+ // Check equivalence for generated floats
+ let mut array = [0f32; 2];
+ rng.fill(&mut array);
+ let gen: [f32; 2] = rng.gen();
+ assert_eq!(array, gen);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_fill_empty() {
+ let mut array = [0u32; 0];
+ let mut rng = StepRng::new(0, 1);
+ rng.fill(&mut array);
+ rng.fill(&mut array[..]);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_gen_range_int() {
+ let mut r = rng(101);
+ for _ in 0..1000 {
+ let a = r.gen_range(-4711..17);
+ assert!((-4711..17).contains(&a));
+ let a: i8 = r.gen_range(-3..42);
+ assert!((-3..42).contains(&a));
+ let a: u16 = r.gen_range(10..99);
+ assert!((10..99).contains(&a));
+ let a: i32 = r.gen_range(-100..2000);
+ assert!((-100..2000).contains(&a));
+ let a: u32 = r.gen_range(12..=24);
+ assert!((12..=24).contains(&a));
+
+ assert_eq!(r.gen_range(0u32..1), 0u32);
+ assert_eq!(r.gen_range(-12i64..-11), -12i64);
+ assert_eq!(r.gen_range(3_000_000..3_000_001), 3_000_000);
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_gen_range_float() {
+ let mut r = rng(101);
+ for _ in 0..1000 {
+ let a = r.gen_range(-4.5..1.7);
+ assert!((-4.5..1.7).contains(&a));
+ let a = r.gen_range(-1.1..=-0.3);
+ assert!((-1.1..=-0.3).contains(&a));
+
+ assert_eq!(r.gen_range(0.0f32..=0.0), 0.);
+ assert_eq!(r.gen_range(-11.0..=-11.0), -11.);
+ assert_eq!(r.gen_range(3_000_000.0..=3_000_000.0), 3_000_000.);
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[should_panic]
+ fn test_gen_range_panic_int() {
+ #![allow(clippy::reversed_empty_ranges)]
+ let mut r = rng(102);
+ r.gen_range(5..-2);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[should_panic]
+ fn test_gen_range_panic_usize() {
+ #![allow(clippy::reversed_empty_ranges)]
+ let mut r = rng(103);
+ r.gen_range(5..2);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_gen_bool() {
+ #![allow(clippy::bool_assert_comparison)]
+
+ let mut r = rng(105);
+ for _ in 0..5 {
+ assert_eq!(r.gen_bool(0.0), false);
+ assert_eq!(r.gen_bool(1.0), true);
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_rng_trait_object() {
+ use crate::distributions::{Distribution, Standard};
+ let mut rng = rng(109);
+ let mut r = &mut rng as &mut dyn RngCore;
+ r.next_u32();
+ r.gen::<i32>();
+ assert_eq!(r.gen_range(0..1), 0);
+ let _c: u8 = Standard.sample(&mut r);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+ fn test_rng_boxed_trait() {
+ use crate::distributions::{Distribution, Standard};
+ let rng = rng(110);
+ let mut r = Box::new(rng) as Box<dyn RngCore>;
+ r.next_u32();
+ r.gen::<i32>();
+ assert_eq!(r.gen_range(0..1), 0);
+ let _c: u8 = Standard.sample(&mut r);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // Miri is too slow
+ fn test_gen_ratio_average() {
+ const NUM: u32 = 3;
+ const DENOM: u32 = 10;
+ const N: u32 = 100_000;
+
+ let mut sum: u32 = 0;
+ let mut rng = rng(111);
+ for _ in 0..N {
+ if rng.gen_ratio(NUM, DENOM) {
+ sum += 1;
+ }
+ }
+ // Have Binomial(N, NUM/DENOM) distribution
+ let expected = (NUM * N) / DENOM; // exact integer
+ assert!(((sum - expected) as i32).abs() < 500);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/adapter/mod.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/adapter/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd1d294323
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/adapter/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Wrappers / adapters forming RNGs
+
+mod read;
+mod reseeding;
+
+#[allow(deprecated)]
+pub use self::read::{ReadError, ReadRng};
+pub use self::reseeding::ReseedingRng;
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/adapter/read.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/adapter/read.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..25a9ca7fca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/adapter/read.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+// Copyright 2013 The Rust Project Developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! A wrapper around any Read to treat it as an RNG.
+
+#![allow(deprecated)]
+
+use std::fmt;
+use std::io::Read;
+
+use rand_core::{impls, Error, RngCore};
+
+
+/// An RNG that reads random bytes straight from any type supporting
+/// [`std::io::Read`], for example files.
+///
+/// This will work best with an infinite reader, but that is not required.
+///
+/// This can be used with `/dev/urandom` on Unix but it is recommended to use
+/// [`OsRng`] instead.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// `ReadRng` uses [`std::io::Read::read_exact`], which retries on interrupts.
+/// All other errors from the underlying reader, including when it does not
+/// have enough data, will only be reported through [`try_fill_bytes`].
+/// The other [`RngCore`] methods will panic in case of an error.
+///
+/// [`OsRng`]: crate::rngs::OsRng
+/// [`try_fill_bytes`]: RngCore::try_fill_bytes
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[deprecated(since="0.8.4", note="removal due to lack of usage")]
+pub struct ReadRng<R> {
+ reader: R,
+}
+
+impl<R: Read> ReadRng<R> {
+ /// Create a new `ReadRng` from a `Read`.
+ pub fn new(r: R) -> ReadRng<R> {
+ ReadRng { reader: r }
+ }
+}
+
+impl<R: Read> RngCore for ReadRng<R> {
+ fn next_u32(&mut self) -> u32 {
+ impls::next_u32_via_fill(self)
+ }
+
+ fn next_u64(&mut self) -> u64 {
+ impls::next_u64_via_fill(self)
+ }
+
+ fn fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) {
+ self.try_fill_bytes(dest).unwrap_or_else(|err| {
+ panic!(
+ "reading random bytes from Read implementation failed; error: {}",
+ err
+ )
+ });
+ }
+
+ fn try_fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ if dest.is_empty() {
+ return Ok(());
+ }
+ // Use `std::io::read_exact`, which retries on `ErrorKind::Interrupted`.
+ self.reader
+ .read_exact(dest)
+ .map_err(|e| Error::new(ReadError(e)))
+ }
+}
+
+/// `ReadRng` error type
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[deprecated(since="0.8.4")]
+pub struct ReadError(std::io::Error);
+
+impl fmt::Display for ReadError {
+ fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+ write!(f, "ReadError: {}", self.0)
+ }
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for ReadError {
+ fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn std::error::Error + 'static)> {
+ Some(&self.0)
+ }
+}
+
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+ use std::println;
+
+ use super::ReadRng;
+ use crate::RngCore;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_reader_rng_u64() {
+ // transmute from the target to avoid endianness concerns.
+ #[rustfmt::skip]
+ let v = [0u8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,
+ 0, 4, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2,
+ 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
+ let mut rng = ReadRng::new(&v[..]);
+
+ assert_eq!(rng.next_u64(), 1 << 56);
+ assert_eq!(rng.next_u64(), (2 << 56) + (3 << 32) + (4 << 8));
+ assert_eq!(rng.next_u64(), 5);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_reader_rng_u32() {
+ let v = [0u8, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0];
+ let mut rng = ReadRng::new(&v[..]);
+
+ assert_eq!(rng.next_u32(), 1 << 24);
+ assert_eq!(rng.next_u32(), 2 << 16);
+ assert_eq!(rng.next_u32(), 3);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_reader_rng_fill_bytes() {
+ let v = [1u8, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8];
+ let mut w = [0u8; 8];
+
+ let mut rng = ReadRng::new(&v[..]);
+ rng.fill_bytes(&mut w);
+
+ assert!(v == w);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_reader_rng_insufficient_bytes() {
+ let v = [1u8, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8];
+ let mut w = [0u8; 9];
+
+ let mut rng = ReadRng::new(&v[..]);
+
+ let result = rng.try_fill_bytes(&mut w);
+ assert!(result.is_err());
+ println!("Error: {}", result.unwrap_err());
+ }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/adapter/reseeding.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/adapter/reseeding.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae3fcbb2fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/adapter/reseeding.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+// Copyright 2013 The Rust Project Developers.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! A wrapper around another PRNG that reseeds it after it
+//! generates a certain number of random bytes.
+
+use core::mem::size_of;
+
+use rand_core::block::{BlockRng, BlockRngCore};
+use rand_core::{CryptoRng, Error, RngCore, SeedableRng};
+
+/// A wrapper around any PRNG that implements [`BlockRngCore`], that adds the
+/// ability to reseed it.
+///
+/// `ReseedingRng` reseeds the underlying PRNG in the following cases:
+///
+/// - On a manual call to [`reseed()`].
+/// - After `clone()`, the clone will be reseeded on first use.
+/// - When a process is forked on UNIX, the RNGs in both the parent and child
+/// processes will be reseeded just before the next call to
+/// [`BlockRngCore::generate`], i.e. "soon". For ChaCha and Hc128 this is a
+/// maximum of fifteen `u32` values before reseeding.
+/// - After the PRNG has generated a configurable number of random bytes.
+///
+/// # When should reseeding after a fixed number of generated bytes be used?
+///
+/// Reseeding after a fixed number of generated bytes is never strictly
+/// *necessary*. Cryptographic PRNGs don't have a limited number of bytes they
+/// can output, or at least not a limit reachable in any practical way. There is
+/// no such thing as 'running out of entropy'.
+///
+/// Occasionally reseeding can be seen as some form of 'security in depth'. Even
+/// if in the future a cryptographic weakness is found in the CSPRNG being used,
+/// or a flaw in the implementation, occasionally reseeding should make
+/// exploiting it much more difficult or even impossible.
+///
+/// Use [`ReseedingRng::new`] with a `threshold` of `0` to disable reseeding
+/// after a fixed number of generated bytes.
+///
+/// # Limitations
+///
+/// It is recommended that a `ReseedingRng` (including `ThreadRng`) not be used
+/// from a fork handler.
+/// Use `OsRng` or `getrandom`, or defer your use of the RNG until later.
+///
+/// # Error handling
+///
+/// Although unlikely, reseeding the wrapped PRNG can fail. `ReseedingRng` will
+/// never panic but try to handle the error intelligently through some
+/// combination of retrying and delaying reseeding until later.
+/// If handling the source error fails `ReseedingRng` will continue generating
+/// data from the wrapped PRNG without reseeding.
+///
+/// Manually calling [`reseed()`] will not have this retry or delay logic, but
+/// reports the error.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```
+/// use rand::prelude::*;
+/// use rand_chacha::ChaCha20Core; // Internal part of ChaChaRng that
+/// // implements BlockRngCore
+/// use rand::rngs::OsRng;
+/// use rand::rngs::adapter::ReseedingRng;
+///
+/// let prng = ChaCha20Core::from_entropy();
+/// let mut reseeding_rng = ReseedingRng::new(prng, 0, OsRng);
+///
+/// println!("{}", reseeding_rng.gen::<u64>());
+///
+/// let mut cloned_rng = reseeding_rng.clone();
+/// assert!(reseeding_rng.gen::<u64>() != cloned_rng.gen::<u64>());
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`BlockRngCore`]: rand_core::block::BlockRngCore
+/// [`ReseedingRng::new`]: ReseedingRng::new
+/// [`reseed()`]: ReseedingRng::reseed
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ReseedingRng<R, Rsdr>(BlockRng<ReseedingCore<R, Rsdr>>)
+where
+ R: BlockRngCore + SeedableRng,
+ Rsdr: RngCore;
+
+impl<R, Rsdr> ReseedingRng<R, Rsdr>
+where
+ R: BlockRngCore + SeedableRng,
+ Rsdr: RngCore,
+{
+ /// Create a new `ReseedingRng` from an existing PRNG, combined with a RNG
+ /// to use as reseeder.
+ ///
+ /// `threshold` sets the number of generated bytes after which to reseed the
+ /// PRNG. Set it to zero to never reseed based on the number of generated
+ /// values.
+ pub fn new(rng: R, threshold: u64, reseeder: Rsdr) -> Self {
+ ReseedingRng(BlockRng::new(ReseedingCore::new(rng, threshold, reseeder)))
+ }
+
+ /// Reseed the internal PRNG.
+ pub fn reseed(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ self.0.core.reseed()
+ }
+}
+
+// TODO: this should be implemented for any type where the inner type
+// implements RngCore, but we can't specify that because ReseedingCore is private
+impl<R, Rsdr: RngCore> RngCore for ReseedingRng<R, Rsdr>
+where
+ R: BlockRngCore<Item = u32> + SeedableRng,
+ <R as BlockRngCore>::Results: AsRef<[u32]> + AsMut<[u32]>,
+{
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn next_u32(&mut self) -> u32 {
+ self.0.next_u32()
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn next_u64(&mut self) -> u64 {
+ self.0.next_u64()
+ }
+
+ fn fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) {
+ self.0.fill_bytes(dest)
+ }
+
+ fn try_fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ self.0.try_fill_bytes(dest)
+ }
+}
+
+impl<R, Rsdr> Clone for ReseedingRng<R, Rsdr>
+where
+ R: BlockRngCore + SeedableRng + Clone,
+ Rsdr: RngCore + Clone,
+{
+ fn clone(&self) -> ReseedingRng<R, Rsdr> {
+ // Recreating `BlockRng` seems easier than cloning it and resetting
+ // the index.
+ ReseedingRng(BlockRng::new(self.0.core.clone()))
+ }
+}
+
+impl<R, Rsdr> CryptoRng for ReseedingRng<R, Rsdr>
+where
+ R: BlockRngCore + SeedableRng + CryptoRng,
+ Rsdr: RngCore + CryptoRng,
+{
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct ReseedingCore<R, Rsdr> {
+ inner: R,
+ reseeder: Rsdr,
+ threshold: i64,
+ bytes_until_reseed: i64,
+ fork_counter: usize,
+}
+
+impl<R, Rsdr> BlockRngCore for ReseedingCore<R, Rsdr>
+where
+ R: BlockRngCore + SeedableRng,
+ Rsdr: RngCore,
+{
+ type Item = <R as BlockRngCore>::Item;
+ type Results = <R as BlockRngCore>::Results;
+
+ fn generate(&mut self, results: &mut Self::Results) {
+ let global_fork_counter = fork::get_fork_counter();
+ if self.bytes_until_reseed <= 0 || self.is_forked(global_fork_counter) {
+ // We get better performance by not calling only `reseed` here
+ // and continuing with the rest of the function, but by directly
+ // returning from a non-inlined function.
+ return self.reseed_and_generate(results, global_fork_counter);
+ }
+ let num_bytes = results.as_ref().len() * size_of::<Self::Item>();
+ self.bytes_until_reseed -= num_bytes as i64;
+ self.inner.generate(results);
+ }
+}
+
+impl<R, Rsdr> ReseedingCore<R, Rsdr>
+where
+ R: BlockRngCore + SeedableRng,
+ Rsdr: RngCore,
+{
+ /// Create a new `ReseedingCore`.
+ fn new(rng: R, threshold: u64, reseeder: Rsdr) -> Self {
+ use ::core::i64::MAX;
+ fork::register_fork_handler();
+
+ // Because generating more values than `i64::MAX` takes centuries on
+ // current hardware, we just clamp to that value.
+ // Also we set a threshold of 0, which indicates no limit, to that
+ // value.
+ let threshold = if threshold == 0 {
+ MAX
+ } else if threshold <= MAX as u64 {
+ threshold as i64
+ } else {
+ MAX
+ };
+
+ ReseedingCore {
+ inner: rng,
+ reseeder,
+ threshold: threshold as i64,
+ bytes_until_reseed: threshold as i64,
+ fork_counter: 0,
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// Reseed the internal PRNG.
+ fn reseed(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ R::from_rng(&mut self.reseeder).map(|result| {
+ self.bytes_until_reseed = self.threshold;
+ self.inner = result
+ })
+ }
+
+ fn is_forked(&self, global_fork_counter: usize) -> bool {
+ // In theory, on 32-bit platforms, it is possible for
+ // `global_fork_counter` to wrap around after ~4e9 forks.
+ //
+ // This check will detect a fork in the normal case where
+ // `fork_counter < global_fork_counter`, and also when the difference
+ // between both is greater than `isize::MAX` (wrapped around).
+ //
+ // It will still fail to detect a fork if there have been more than
+ // `isize::MAX` forks, without any reseed in between. Seems unlikely
+ // enough.
+ (self.fork_counter.wrapping_sub(global_fork_counter) as isize) < 0
+ }
+
+ #[inline(never)]
+ fn reseed_and_generate(
+ &mut self, results: &mut <Self as BlockRngCore>::Results, global_fork_counter: usize,
+ ) {
+ #![allow(clippy::if_same_then_else)] // false positive
+ if self.is_forked(global_fork_counter) {
+ info!("Fork detected, reseeding RNG");
+ } else {
+ trace!("Reseeding RNG (periodic reseed)");
+ }
+
+ let num_bytes = results.as_ref().len() * size_of::<<R as BlockRngCore>::Item>();
+
+ if let Err(e) = self.reseed() {
+ warn!("Reseeding RNG failed: {}", e);
+ let _ = e;
+ }
+ self.fork_counter = global_fork_counter;
+
+ self.bytes_until_reseed = self.threshold - num_bytes as i64;
+ self.inner.generate(results);
+ }
+}
+
+impl<R, Rsdr> Clone for ReseedingCore<R, Rsdr>
+where
+ R: BlockRngCore + SeedableRng + Clone,
+ Rsdr: RngCore + Clone,
+{
+ fn clone(&self) -> ReseedingCore<R, Rsdr> {
+ ReseedingCore {
+ inner: self.inner.clone(),
+ reseeder: self.reseeder.clone(),
+ threshold: self.threshold,
+ bytes_until_reseed: 0, // reseed clone on first use
+ fork_counter: self.fork_counter,
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl<R, Rsdr> CryptoRng for ReseedingCore<R, Rsdr>
+where
+ R: BlockRngCore + SeedableRng + CryptoRng,
+ Rsdr: RngCore + CryptoRng,
+{
+}
+
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, not(target_os = "emscripten")))]
+mod fork {
+ use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+ use std::sync::Once;
+
+ // Fork protection
+ //
+ // We implement fork protection on Unix using `pthread_atfork`.
+ // When the process is forked, we increment `RESEEDING_RNG_FORK_COUNTER`.
+ // Every `ReseedingRng` stores the last known value of the static in
+ // `fork_counter`. If the cached `fork_counter` is less than
+ // `RESEEDING_RNG_FORK_COUNTER`, it is time to reseed this RNG.
+ //
+ // If reseeding fails, we don't deal with this by setting a delay, but just
+ // don't update `fork_counter`, so a reseed is attempted as soon as
+ // possible.
+
+ static RESEEDING_RNG_FORK_COUNTER: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
+
+ pub fn get_fork_counter() -> usize {
+ RESEEDING_RNG_FORK_COUNTER.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+ }
+
+ extern "C" fn fork_handler() {
+ // Note: fetch_add is defined to wrap on overflow
+ // (which is what we want).
+ RESEEDING_RNG_FORK_COUNTER.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+ }
+
+ pub fn register_fork_handler() {
+ static REGISTER: Once = Once::new();
+ REGISTER.call_once(|| {
+ // Bump the counter before and after forking (see #1169):
+ let ret = unsafe { libc::pthread_atfork(
+ Some(fork_handler),
+ Some(fork_handler),
+ Some(fork_handler),
+ ) };
+ if ret != 0 {
+ panic!("libc::pthread_atfork failed with code {}", ret);
+ }
+ });
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(all(unix, not(target_os = "emscripten"))))]
+mod fork {
+ pub fn get_fork_counter() -> usize {
+ 0
+ }
+ pub fn register_fork_handler() {}
+}
+
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std_rng")]
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+ use super::ReseedingRng;
+ use crate::rngs::mock::StepRng;
+ use crate::rngs::std::Core;
+ use crate::{Rng, SeedableRng};
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_reseeding() {
+ let mut zero = StepRng::new(0, 0);
+ let rng = Core::from_rng(&mut zero).unwrap();
+ let thresh = 1; // reseed every time the buffer is exhausted
+ let mut reseeding = ReseedingRng::new(rng, thresh, zero);
+
+ // RNG buffer size is [u32; 64]
+ // Debug is only implemented up to length 32 so use two arrays
+ let mut buf = ([0u32; 32], [0u32; 32]);
+ reseeding.fill(&mut buf.0);
+ reseeding.fill(&mut buf.1);
+ let seq = buf;
+ for _ in 0..10 {
+ reseeding.fill(&mut buf.0);
+ reseeding.fill(&mut buf.1);
+ assert_eq!(buf, seq);
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_clone_reseeding() {
+ #![allow(clippy::redundant_clone)]
+
+ let mut zero = StepRng::new(0, 0);
+ let rng = Core::from_rng(&mut zero).unwrap();
+ let mut rng1 = ReseedingRng::new(rng, 32 * 4, zero);
+
+ let first: u32 = rng1.gen();
+ for _ in 0..10 {
+ let _ = rng1.gen::<u32>();
+ }
+
+ let mut rng2 = rng1.clone();
+ assert_eq!(first, rng2.gen::<u32>());
+ }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/mock.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/mock.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a1745a490d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/mock.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Mock random number generator
+
+use rand_core::{impls, Error, RngCore};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "serde1")]
+use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
+
+/// A simple implementation of `RngCore` for testing purposes.
+///
+/// This generates an arithmetic sequence (i.e. adds a constant each step)
+/// over a `u64` number, using wrapping arithmetic. If the increment is 0
+/// the generator yields a constant.
+///
+/// ```
+/// use rand::Rng;
+/// use rand::rngs::mock::StepRng;
+///
+/// let mut my_rng = StepRng::new(2, 1);
+/// let sample: [u64; 3] = my_rng.gen();
+/// assert_eq!(sample, [2, 3, 4]);
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde1", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct StepRng {
+ v: u64,
+ a: u64,
+}
+
+impl StepRng {
+ /// Create a `StepRng`, yielding an arithmetic sequence starting with
+ /// `initial` and incremented by `increment` each time.
+ pub fn new(initial: u64, increment: u64) -> Self {
+ StepRng {
+ v: initial,
+ a: increment,
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl RngCore for StepRng {
+ #[inline]
+ fn next_u32(&mut self) -> u32 {
+ self.next_u64() as u32
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn next_u64(&mut self) -> u64 {
+ let result = self.v;
+ self.v = self.v.wrapping_add(self.a);
+ result
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) {
+ impls::fill_bytes_via_next(self, dest);
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn try_fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ self.fill_bytes(dest);
+ Ok(())
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg(feature = "serde1")]
+ fn test_serialization_step_rng() {
+ use super::StepRng;
+
+ let some_rng = StepRng::new(42, 7);
+ let de_some_rng: StepRng =
+ bincode::deserialize(&bincode::serialize(&some_rng).unwrap()).unwrap();
+ assert_eq!(some_rng.v, de_some_rng.v);
+ assert_eq!(some_rng.a, de_some_rng.a);
+
+ }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/mod.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac3c2c595d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Random number generators and adapters
+//!
+//! ## Background: Random number generators (RNGs)
+//!
+//! Computers cannot produce random numbers from nowhere. We classify
+//! random number generators as follows:
+//!
+//! - "True" random number generators (TRNGs) use hard-to-predict data sources
+//! (e.g. the high-resolution parts of event timings and sensor jitter) to
+//! harvest random bit-sequences, apply algorithms to remove bias and
+//! estimate available entropy, then combine these bits into a byte-sequence
+//! or an entropy pool. This job is usually done by the operating system or
+//! a hardware generator (HRNG).
+//! - "Pseudo"-random number generators (PRNGs) use algorithms to transform a
+//! seed into a sequence of pseudo-random numbers. These generators can be
+//! fast and produce well-distributed unpredictable random numbers (or not).
+//! They are usually deterministic: given algorithm and seed, the output
+//! sequence can be reproduced. They have finite period and eventually loop;
+//! with many algorithms this period is fixed and can be proven sufficiently
+//! long, while others are chaotic and the period depends on the seed.
+//! - "Cryptographically secure" pseudo-random number generators (CSPRNGs)
+//! are the sub-set of PRNGs which are secure. Security of the generator
+//! relies both on hiding the internal state and using a strong algorithm.
+//!
+//! ## Traits and functionality
+//!
+//! All RNGs implement the [`RngCore`] trait, as a consequence of which the
+//! [`Rng`] extension trait is automatically implemented. Secure RNGs may
+//! additionally implement the [`CryptoRng`] trait.
+//!
+//! All PRNGs require a seed to produce their random number sequence. The
+//! [`SeedableRng`] trait provides three ways of constructing PRNGs:
+//!
+//! - `from_seed` accepts a type specific to the PRNG
+//! - `from_rng` allows a PRNG to be seeded from any other RNG
+//! - `seed_from_u64` allows any PRNG to be seeded from a `u64` insecurely
+//! - `from_entropy` securely seeds a PRNG from fresh entropy
+//!
+//! Use the [`rand_core`] crate when implementing your own RNGs.
+//!
+//! ## Our generators
+//!
+//! This crate provides several random number generators:
+//!
+//! - [`OsRng`] is an interface to the operating system's random number
+//! source. Typically the operating system uses a CSPRNG with entropy
+//! provided by a TRNG and some type of on-going re-seeding.
+//! - [`ThreadRng`], provided by the [`thread_rng`] function, is a handle to a
+//! thread-local CSPRNG with periodic seeding from [`OsRng`]. Because this
+//! is local, it is typically much faster than [`OsRng`]. It should be
+//! secure, though the paranoid may prefer [`OsRng`].
+//! - [`StdRng`] is a CSPRNG chosen for good performance and trust of security
+//! (based on reviews, maturity and usage). The current algorithm is ChaCha12,
+//! which is well established and rigorously analysed.
+//! [`StdRng`] provides the algorithm used by [`ThreadRng`] but without
+//! periodic reseeding.
+//! - [`SmallRng`] is an **insecure** PRNG designed to be fast, simple, require
+//! little memory, and have good output quality.
+//!
+//! The algorithms selected for [`StdRng`] and [`SmallRng`] may change in any
+//! release and may be platform-dependent, therefore they should be considered
+//! **not reproducible**.
+//!
+//! ## Additional generators
+//!
+//! **TRNGs**: The [`rdrand`] crate provides an interface to the RDRAND and
+//! RDSEED instructions available in modern Intel and AMD CPUs.
+//! The [`rand_jitter`] crate provides a user-space implementation of
+//! entropy harvesting from CPU timer jitter, but is very slow and has
+//! [security issues](https://github.com/rust-random/rand/issues/699).
+//!
+//! **PRNGs**: Several companion crates are available, providing individual or
+//! families of PRNG algorithms. These provide the implementations behind
+//! [`StdRng`] and [`SmallRng`] but can also be used directly, indeed *should*
+//! be used directly when **reproducibility** matters.
+//! Some suggestions are: [`rand_chacha`], [`rand_pcg`], [`rand_xoshiro`].
+//! A full list can be found by searching for crates with the [`rng` tag].
+//!
+//! [`Rng`]: crate::Rng
+//! [`RngCore`]: crate::RngCore
+//! [`CryptoRng`]: crate::CryptoRng
+//! [`SeedableRng`]: crate::SeedableRng
+//! [`thread_rng`]: crate::thread_rng
+//! [`rdrand`]: https://crates.io/crates/rdrand
+//! [`rand_jitter`]: https://crates.io/crates/rand_jitter
+//! [`rand_chacha`]: https://crates.io/crates/rand_chacha
+//! [`rand_pcg`]: https://crates.io/crates/rand_pcg
+//! [`rand_xoshiro`]: https://crates.io/crates/rand_xoshiro
+//! [`rng` tag]: https://crates.io/keywords/rng
+
+#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "std")))]
+#[cfg(feature = "std")] pub mod adapter;
+
+pub mod mock; // Public so we don't export `StepRng` directly, making it a bit
+ // more clear it is intended for testing.
+
+#[cfg(all(feature = "small_rng", target_pointer_width = "64"))]
+mod xoshiro256plusplus;
+#[cfg(all(feature = "small_rng", not(target_pointer_width = "64")))]
+mod xoshiro128plusplus;
+#[cfg(feature = "small_rng")] mod small;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std_rng")] mod std;
+#[cfg(all(feature = "std", feature = "std_rng"))] pub(crate) mod thread;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "small_rng")] pub use self::small::SmallRng;
+#[cfg(feature = "std_rng")] pub use self::std::StdRng;
+#[cfg(all(feature = "std", feature = "std_rng"))] pub use self::thread::ThreadRng;
+
+#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "getrandom")))]
+#[cfg(feature = "getrandom")] pub use rand_core::OsRng;
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/small.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/small.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fb0e0d119b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/small.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! A small fast RNG
+
+use rand_core::{Error, RngCore, SeedableRng};
+
+#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "64")]
+type Rng = super::xoshiro256plusplus::Xoshiro256PlusPlus;
+#[cfg(not(target_pointer_width = "64"))]
+type Rng = super::xoshiro128plusplus::Xoshiro128PlusPlus;
+
+/// A small-state, fast non-crypto PRNG
+///
+/// `SmallRng` may be a good choice when a PRNG with small state, cheap
+/// initialization, good statistical quality and good performance are required.
+/// Note that depending on the application, [`StdRng`] may be faster on many
+/// modern platforms while providing higher-quality randomness. Furthermore,
+/// `SmallRng` is **not** a good choice when:
+/// - Security against prediction is important. Use [`StdRng`] instead.
+/// - Seeds with many zeros are provided. In such cases, it takes `SmallRng`
+/// about 10 samples to produce 0 and 1 bits with equal probability. Either
+/// provide seeds with an approximately equal number of 0 and 1 (for example
+/// by using [`SeedableRng::from_entropy`] or [`SeedableRng::seed_from_u64`]),
+/// or use [`StdRng`] instead.
+///
+/// The algorithm is deterministic but should not be considered reproducible
+/// due to dependence on platform and possible replacement in future
+/// library versions. For a reproducible generator, use a named PRNG from an
+/// external crate, e.g. [rand_xoshiro] or [rand_chacha].
+/// Refer also to [The Book](https://rust-random.github.io/book/guide-rngs.html).
+///
+/// The PRNG algorithm in `SmallRng` is chosen to be efficient on the current
+/// platform, without consideration for cryptography or security. The size of
+/// its state is much smaller than [`StdRng`]. The current algorithm is
+/// `Xoshiro256PlusPlus` on 64-bit platforms and `Xoshiro128PlusPlus` on 32-bit
+/// platforms. Both are also implemented by the [rand_xoshiro] crate.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// Initializing `SmallRng` with a random seed can be done using [`SeedableRng::from_entropy`]:
+///
+/// ```
+/// use rand::{Rng, SeedableRng};
+/// use rand::rngs::SmallRng;
+///
+/// // Create small, cheap to initialize and fast RNG with a random seed.
+/// // The randomness is supplied by the operating system.
+/// let mut small_rng = SmallRng::from_entropy();
+/// # let v: u32 = small_rng.gen();
+/// ```
+///
+/// When initializing a lot of `SmallRng`'s, using [`thread_rng`] can be more
+/// efficient:
+///
+/// ```
+/// use rand::{SeedableRng, thread_rng};
+/// use rand::rngs::SmallRng;
+///
+/// // Create a big, expensive to initialize and slower, but unpredictable RNG.
+/// // This is cached and done only once per thread.
+/// let mut thread_rng = thread_rng();
+/// // Create small, cheap to initialize and fast RNGs with random seeds.
+/// // One can generally assume this won't fail.
+/// let rngs: Vec<SmallRng> = (0..10)
+/// .map(|_| SmallRng::from_rng(&mut thread_rng).unwrap())
+/// .collect();
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`StdRng`]: crate::rngs::StdRng
+/// [`thread_rng`]: crate::thread_rng
+/// [rand_chacha]: https://crates.io/crates/rand_chacha
+/// [rand_xoshiro]: https://crates.io/crates/rand_xoshiro
+#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "small_rng")))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct SmallRng(Rng);
+
+impl RngCore for SmallRng {
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn next_u32(&mut self) -> u32 {
+ self.0.next_u32()
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn next_u64(&mut self) -> u64 {
+ self.0.next_u64()
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) {
+ self.0.fill_bytes(dest);
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn try_fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ self.0.try_fill_bytes(dest)
+ }
+}
+
+impl SeedableRng for SmallRng {
+ type Seed = <Rng as SeedableRng>::Seed;
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn from_seed(seed: Self::Seed) -> Self {
+ SmallRng(Rng::from_seed(seed))
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn from_rng<R: RngCore>(rng: R) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+ Rng::from_rng(rng).map(SmallRng)
+ }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/std.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/std.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cdae8fab01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/std.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! The standard RNG
+
+use crate::{CryptoRng, Error, RngCore, SeedableRng};
+
+pub(crate) use rand_chacha::ChaCha12Core as Core;
+
+use rand_chacha::ChaCha12Rng as Rng;
+
+/// The standard RNG. The PRNG algorithm in `StdRng` is chosen to be efficient
+/// on the current platform, to be statistically strong and unpredictable
+/// (meaning a cryptographically secure PRNG).
+///
+/// The current algorithm used is the ChaCha block cipher with 12 rounds. Please
+/// see this relevant [rand issue] for the discussion. This may change as new
+/// evidence of cipher security and performance becomes available.
+///
+/// The algorithm is deterministic but should not be considered reproducible
+/// due to dependence on configuration and possible replacement in future
+/// library versions. For a secure reproducible generator, we recommend use of
+/// the [rand_chacha] crate directly.
+///
+/// [rand_chacha]: https://crates.io/crates/rand_chacha
+/// [rand issue]: https://github.com/rust-random/rand/issues/932
+#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "std_rng")))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct StdRng(Rng);
+
+impl RngCore for StdRng {
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn next_u32(&mut self) -> u32 {
+ self.0.next_u32()
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn next_u64(&mut self) -> u64 {
+ self.0.next_u64()
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) {
+ self.0.fill_bytes(dest);
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn try_fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ self.0.try_fill_bytes(dest)
+ }
+}
+
+impl SeedableRng for StdRng {
+ type Seed = <Rng as SeedableRng>::Seed;
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn from_seed(seed: Self::Seed) -> Self {
+ StdRng(Rng::from_seed(seed))
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn from_rng<R: RngCore>(rng: R) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+ Rng::from_rng(rng).map(StdRng)
+ }
+}
+
+impl CryptoRng for StdRng {}
+
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+ use crate::rngs::StdRng;
+ use crate::{RngCore, SeedableRng};
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_stdrng_construction() {
+ // Test value-stability of StdRng. This is expected to break any time
+ // the algorithm is changed.
+ #[rustfmt::skip]
+ let seed = [1,0,0,0, 23,0,0,0, 200,1,0,0, 210,30,0,0,
+ 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0];
+
+ let target = [10719222850664546238, 14064965282130556830];
+
+ let mut rng0 = StdRng::from_seed(seed);
+ let x0 = rng0.next_u64();
+
+ let mut rng1 = StdRng::from_rng(rng0).unwrap();
+ let x1 = rng1.next_u64();
+
+ assert_eq!([x0, x1], target);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/thread.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/thread.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..baebb1d99c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/thread.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Thread-local random number generator
+
+use core::cell::UnsafeCell;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::thread_local;
+
+use super::std::Core;
+use crate::rngs::adapter::ReseedingRng;
+use crate::rngs::OsRng;
+use crate::{CryptoRng, Error, RngCore, SeedableRng};
+
+// Rationale for using `UnsafeCell` in `ThreadRng`:
+//
+// Previously we used a `RefCell`, with an overhead of ~15%. There will only
+// ever be one mutable reference to the interior of the `UnsafeCell`, because
+// we only have such a reference inside `next_u32`, `next_u64`, etc. Within a
+// single thread (which is the definition of `ThreadRng`), there will only ever
+// be one of these methods active at a time.
+//
+// A possible scenario where there could be multiple mutable references is if
+// `ThreadRng` is used inside `next_u32` and co. But the implementation is
+// completely under our control. We just have to ensure none of them use
+// `ThreadRng` internally, which is nonsensical anyway. We should also never run
+// `ThreadRng` in destructors of its implementation, which is also nonsensical.
+
+
+// Number of generated bytes after which to reseed `ThreadRng`.
+// According to benchmarks, reseeding has a noticeable impact with thresholds
+// of 32 kB and less. We choose 64 kB to avoid significant overhead.
+const THREAD_RNG_RESEED_THRESHOLD: u64 = 1024 * 64;
+
+/// A reference to the thread-local generator
+///
+/// An instance can be obtained via [`thread_rng`] or via `ThreadRng::default()`.
+/// This handle is safe to use everywhere (including thread-local destructors),
+/// though it is recommended not to use inside a fork handler.
+/// The handle cannot be passed between threads (is not `Send` or `Sync`).
+///
+/// `ThreadRng` uses the same PRNG as [`StdRng`] for security and performance
+/// and is automatically seeded from [`OsRng`].
+///
+/// Unlike `StdRng`, `ThreadRng` uses the [`ReseedingRng`] wrapper to reseed
+/// the PRNG from fresh entropy every 64 kiB of random data as well as after a
+/// fork on Unix (though not quite immediately; see documentation of
+/// [`ReseedingRng`]).
+/// Note that the reseeding is done as an extra precaution against side-channel
+/// attacks and mis-use (e.g. if somehow weak entropy were supplied initially).
+/// The PRNG algorithms used are assumed to be secure.
+///
+/// [`ReseedingRng`]: crate::rngs::adapter::ReseedingRng
+/// [`StdRng`]: crate::rngs::StdRng
+#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(all(feature = "std", feature = "std_rng"))))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct ThreadRng {
+ // Rc is explicitly !Send and !Sync
+ rng: Rc<UnsafeCell<ReseedingRng<Core, OsRng>>>,
+}
+
+thread_local!(
+ // We require Rc<..> to avoid premature freeing when thread_rng is used
+ // within thread-local destructors. See #968.
+ static THREAD_RNG_KEY: Rc<UnsafeCell<ReseedingRng<Core, OsRng>>> = {
+ let r = Core::from_rng(OsRng).unwrap_or_else(|err|
+ panic!("could not initialize thread_rng: {}", err));
+ let rng = ReseedingRng::new(r,
+ THREAD_RNG_RESEED_THRESHOLD,
+ OsRng);
+ Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(rng))
+ }
+);
+
+/// Retrieve the lazily-initialized thread-local random number generator,
+/// seeded by the system. Intended to be used in method chaining style,
+/// e.g. `thread_rng().gen::<i32>()`, or cached locally, e.g.
+/// `let mut rng = thread_rng();`. Invoked by the `Default` trait, making
+/// `ThreadRng::default()` equivalent.
+///
+/// For more information see [`ThreadRng`].
+#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(all(feature = "std", feature = "std_rng"))))]
+pub fn thread_rng() -> ThreadRng {
+ let rng = THREAD_RNG_KEY.with(|t| t.clone());
+ ThreadRng { rng }
+}
+
+impl Default for ThreadRng {
+ fn default() -> ThreadRng {
+ crate::prelude::thread_rng()
+ }
+}
+
+impl RngCore for ThreadRng {
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn next_u32(&mut self) -> u32 {
+ // SAFETY: We must make sure to stop using `rng` before anyone else
+ // creates another mutable reference
+ let rng = unsafe { &mut *self.rng.get() };
+ rng.next_u32()
+ }
+
+ #[inline(always)]
+ fn next_u64(&mut self) -> u64 {
+ // SAFETY: We must make sure to stop using `rng` before anyone else
+ // creates another mutable reference
+ let rng = unsafe { &mut *self.rng.get() };
+ rng.next_u64()
+ }
+
+ fn fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) {
+ // SAFETY: We must make sure to stop using `rng` before anyone else
+ // creates another mutable reference
+ let rng = unsafe { &mut *self.rng.get() };
+ rng.fill_bytes(dest)
+ }
+
+ fn try_fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ // SAFETY: We must make sure to stop using `rng` before anyone else
+ // creates another mutable reference
+ let rng = unsafe { &mut *self.rng.get() };
+ rng.try_fill_bytes(dest)
+ }
+}
+
+impl CryptoRng for ThreadRng {}
+
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+ #[test]
+ fn test_thread_rng() {
+ use crate::Rng;
+ let mut r = crate::thread_rng();
+ r.gen::<i32>();
+ assert_eq!(r.gen_range(0..1), 0);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/xoshiro128plusplus.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/xoshiro128plusplus.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ece98fafd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/xoshiro128plusplus.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+#[cfg(feature="serde1")] use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
+use rand_core::impls::{next_u64_via_u32, fill_bytes_via_next};
+use rand_core::le::read_u32_into;
+use rand_core::{SeedableRng, RngCore, Error};
+
+/// A xoshiro128++ random number generator.
+///
+/// The xoshiro128++ algorithm is not suitable for cryptographic purposes, but
+/// is very fast and has excellent statistical properties.
+///
+/// The algorithm used here is translated from [the `xoshiro128plusplus.c`
+/// reference source code](http://xoshiro.di.unimi.it/xoshiro128plusplus.c) by
+/// David Blackman and Sebastiano Vigna.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature="serde1", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct Xoshiro128PlusPlus {
+ s: [u32; 4],
+}
+
+impl SeedableRng for Xoshiro128PlusPlus {
+ type Seed = [u8; 16];
+
+ /// Create a new `Xoshiro128PlusPlus`. If `seed` is entirely 0, it will be
+ /// mapped to a different seed.
+ #[inline]
+ fn from_seed(seed: [u8; 16]) -> Xoshiro128PlusPlus {
+ if seed.iter().all(|&x| x == 0) {
+ return Self::seed_from_u64(0);
+ }
+ let mut state = [0; 4];
+ read_u32_into(&seed, &mut state);
+ Xoshiro128PlusPlus { s: state }
+ }
+
+ /// Create a new `Xoshiro128PlusPlus` from a `u64` seed.
+ ///
+ /// This uses the SplitMix64 generator internally.
+ fn seed_from_u64(mut state: u64) -> Self {
+ const PHI: u64 = 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
+ let mut seed = Self::Seed::default();
+ for chunk in seed.as_mut().chunks_mut(8) {
+ state = state.wrapping_add(PHI);
+ let mut z = state;
+ z = (z ^ (z >> 30)).wrapping_mul(0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9);
+ z = (z ^ (z >> 27)).wrapping_mul(0x94d049bb133111eb);
+ z = z ^ (z >> 31);
+ chunk.copy_from_slice(&z.to_le_bytes());
+ }
+ Self::from_seed(seed)
+ }
+}
+
+impl RngCore for Xoshiro128PlusPlus {
+ #[inline]
+ fn next_u32(&mut self) -> u32 {
+ let result_starstar = self.s[0]
+ .wrapping_add(self.s[3])
+ .rotate_left(7)
+ .wrapping_add(self.s[0]);
+
+ let t = self.s[1] << 9;
+
+ self.s[2] ^= self.s[0];
+ self.s[3] ^= self.s[1];
+ self.s[1] ^= self.s[2];
+ self.s[0] ^= self.s[3];
+
+ self.s[2] ^= t;
+
+ self.s[3] = self.s[3].rotate_left(11);
+
+ result_starstar
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn next_u64(&mut self) -> u64 {
+ next_u64_via_u32(self)
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) {
+ fill_bytes_via_next(self, dest);
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn try_fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ self.fill_bytes(dest);
+ Ok(())
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn reference() {
+ let mut rng = Xoshiro128PlusPlus::from_seed(
+ [1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0]);
+ // These values were produced with the reference implementation:
+ // http://xoshiro.di.unimi.it/xoshiro128plusplus.c
+ let expected = [
+ 641, 1573767, 3222811527, 3517856514, 836907274, 4247214768,
+ 3867114732, 1355841295, 495546011, 621204420,
+ ];
+ for &e in &expected {
+ assert_eq!(rng.next_u32(), e);
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/xoshiro256plusplus.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/xoshiro256plusplus.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ffb18b803
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/rngs/xoshiro256plusplus.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+#[cfg(feature="serde1")] use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
+use rand_core::impls::fill_bytes_via_next;
+use rand_core::le::read_u64_into;
+use rand_core::{SeedableRng, RngCore, Error};
+
+/// A xoshiro256++ random number generator.
+///
+/// The xoshiro256++ algorithm is not suitable for cryptographic purposes, but
+/// is very fast and has excellent statistical properties.
+///
+/// The algorithm used here is translated from [the `xoshiro256plusplus.c`
+/// reference source code](http://xoshiro.di.unimi.it/xoshiro256plusplus.c) by
+/// David Blackman and Sebastiano Vigna.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature="serde1", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub struct Xoshiro256PlusPlus {
+ s: [u64; 4],
+}
+
+impl SeedableRng for Xoshiro256PlusPlus {
+ type Seed = [u8; 32];
+
+ /// Create a new `Xoshiro256PlusPlus`. If `seed` is entirely 0, it will be
+ /// mapped to a different seed.
+ #[inline]
+ fn from_seed(seed: [u8; 32]) -> Xoshiro256PlusPlus {
+ if seed.iter().all(|&x| x == 0) {
+ return Self::seed_from_u64(0);
+ }
+ let mut state = [0; 4];
+ read_u64_into(&seed, &mut state);
+ Xoshiro256PlusPlus { s: state }
+ }
+
+ /// Create a new `Xoshiro256PlusPlus` from a `u64` seed.
+ ///
+ /// This uses the SplitMix64 generator internally.
+ fn seed_from_u64(mut state: u64) -> Self {
+ const PHI: u64 = 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
+ let mut seed = Self::Seed::default();
+ for chunk in seed.as_mut().chunks_mut(8) {
+ state = state.wrapping_add(PHI);
+ let mut z = state;
+ z = (z ^ (z >> 30)).wrapping_mul(0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9);
+ z = (z ^ (z >> 27)).wrapping_mul(0x94d049bb133111eb);
+ z = z ^ (z >> 31);
+ chunk.copy_from_slice(&z.to_le_bytes());
+ }
+ Self::from_seed(seed)
+ }
+}
+
+impl RngCore for Xoshiro256PlusPlus {
+ #[inline]
+ fn next_u32(&mut self) -> u32 {
+ // The lowest bits have some linear dependencies, so we use the
+ // upper bits instead.
+ (self.next_u64() >> 32) as u32
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn next_u64(&mut self) -> u64 {
+ let result_plusplus = self.s[0]
+ .wrapping_add(self.s[3])
+ .rotate_left(23)
+ .wrapping_add(self.s[0]);
+
+ let t = self.s[1] << 17;
+
+ self.s[2] ^= self.s[0];
+ self.s[3] ^= self.s[1];
+ self.s[1] ^= self.s[2];
+ self.s[0] ^= self.s[3];
+
+ self.s[2] ^= t;
+
+ self.s[3] = self.s[3].rotate_left(45);
+
+ result_plusplus
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) {
+ fill_bytes_via_next(self, dest);
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn try_fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
+ self.fill_bytes(dest);
+ Ok(())
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn reference() {
+ let mut rng = Xoshiro256PlusPlus::from_seed(
+ [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+ 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+ // These values were produced with the reference implementation:
+ // http://xoshiro.di.unimi.it/xoshiro256plusplus.c
+ let expected = [
+ 41943041, 58720359, 3588806011781223, 3591011842654386,
+ 9228616714210784205, 9973669472204895162, 14011001112246962877,
+ 12406186145184390807, 15849039046786891736, 10450023813501588000,
+ ];
+ for &e in &expected {
+ assert_eq!(rng.next_u64(), e);
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/seq/index.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/seq/index.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b38e4649d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/seq/index.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,678 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Low-level API for sampling indices
+
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")] use core::slice;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")] use alloc::vec::{self, Vec};
+// BTreeMap is not as fast in tests, but better than nothing.
+#[cfg(all(feature = "alloc", not(feature = "std")))]
+use alloc::collections::BTreeSet;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")] use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+use crate::distributions::WeightedError;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+use crate::{Rng, distributions::{uniform::SampleUniform, Distribution, Uniform}};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "serde1")]
+use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
+
+/// A vector of indices.
+///
+/// Multiple internal representations are possible.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde1", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+pub enum IndexVec {
+ #[doc(hidden)]
+ U32(Vec<u32>),
+ #[doc(hidden)]
+ USize(Vec<usize>),
+}
+
+impl IndexVec {
+ /// Returns the number of indices
+ #[inline]
+ pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+ match *self {
+ IndexVec::U32(ref v) => v.len(),
+ IndexVec::USize(ref v) => v.len(),
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// Returns `true` if the length is 0.
+ #[inline]
+ pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+ match *self {
+ IndexVec::U32(ref v) => v.is_empty(),
+ IndexVec::USize(ref v) => v.is_empty(),
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// Return the value at the given `index`.
+ ///
+ /// (Note: we cannot implement [`std::ops::Index`] because of lifetime
+ /// restrictions.)
+ #[inline]
+ pub fn index(&self, index: usize) -> usize {
+ match *self {
+ IndexVec::U32(ref v) => v[index] as usize,
+ IndexVec::USize(ref v) => v[index],
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// Return result as a `Vec<usize>`. Conversion may or may not be trivial.
+ #[inline]
+ pub fn into_vec(self) -> Vec<usize> {
+ match self {
+ IndexVec::U32(v) => v.into_iter().map(|i| i as usize).collect(),
+ IndexVec::USize(v) => v,
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// Iterate over the indices as a sequence of `usize` values
+ #[inline]
+ pub fn iter(&self) -> IndexVecIter<'_> {
+ match *self {
+ IndexVec::U32(ref v) => IndexVecIter::U32(v.iter()),
+ IndexVec::USize(ref v) => IndexVecIter::USize(v.iter()),
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl IntoIterator for IndexVec {
+ type Item = usize;
+ type IntoIter = IndexVecIntoIter;
+
+ /// Convert into an iterator over the indices as a sequence of `usize` values
+ #[inline]
+ fn into_iter(self) -> IndexVecIntoIter {
+ match self {
+ IndexVec::U32(v) => IndexVecIntoIter::U32(v.into_iter()),
+ IndexVec::USize(v) => IndexVecIntoIter::USize(v.into_iter()),
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for IndexVec {
+ fn eq(&self, other: &IndexVec) -> bool {
+ use self::IndexVec::*;
+ match (self, other) {
+ (&U32(ref v1), &U32(ref v2)) => v1 == v2,
+ (&USize(ref v1), &USize(ref v2)) => v1 == v2,
+ (&U32(ref v1), &USize(ref v2)) => {
+ (v1.len() == v2.len()) && (v1.iter().zip(v2.iter()).all(|(x, y)| *x as usize == *y))
+ }
+ (&USize(ref v1), &U32(ref v2)) => {
+ (v1.len() == v2.len()) && (v1.iter().zip(v2.iter()).all(|(x, y)| *x == *y as usize))
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl From<Vec<u32>> for IndexVec {
+ #[inline]
+ fn from(v: Vec<u32>) -> Self {
+ IndexVec::U32(v)
+ }
+}
+
+impl From<Vec<usize>> for IndexVec {
+ #[inline]
+ fn from(v: Vec<usize>) -> Self {
+ IndexVec::USize(v)
+ }
+}
+
+/// Return type of `IndexVec::iter`.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum IndexVecIter<'a> {
+ #[doc(hidden)]
+ U32(slice::Iter<'a, u32>),
+ #[doc(hidden)]
+ USize(slice::Iter<'a, usize>),
+}
+
+impl<'a> Iterator for IndexVecIter<'a> {
+ type Item = usize;
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn next(&mut self) -> Option<usize> {
+ use self::IndexVecIter::*;
+ match *self {
+ U32(ref mut iter) => iter.next().map(|i| *i as usize),
+ USize(ref mut iter) => iter.next().cloned(),
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
+ match *self {
+ IndexVecIter::U32(ref v) => v.size_hint(),
+ IndexVecIter::USize(ref v) => v.size_hint(),
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl<'a> ExactSizeIterator for IndexVecIter<'a> {}
+
+/// Return type of `IndexVec::into_iter`.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub enum IndexVecIntoIter {
+ #[doc(hidden)]
+ U32(vec::IntoIter<u32>),
+ #[doc(hidden)]
+ USize(vec::IntoIter<usize>),
+}
+
+impl Iterator for IndexVecIntoIter {
+ type Item = usize;
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+ use self::IndexVecIntoIter::*;
+ match *self {
+ U32(ref mut v) => v.next().map(|i| i as usize),
+ USize(ref mut v) => v.next(),
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
+ use self::IndexVecIntoIter::*;
+ match *self {
+ U32(ref v) => v.size_hint(),
+ USize(ref v) => v.size_hint(),
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl ExactSizeIterator for IndexVecIntoIter {}
+
+
+/// Randomly sample exactly `amount` distinct indices from `0..length`, and
+/// return them in random order (fully shuffled).
+///
+/// This method is used internally by the slice sampling methods, but it can
+/// sometimes be useful to have the indices themselves so this is provided as
+/// an alternative.
+///
+/// The implementation used is not specified; we automatically select the
+/// fastest available algorithm for the `length` and `amount` parameters
+/// (based on detailed profiling on an Intel Haswell CPU). Roughly speaking,
+/// complexity is `O(amount)`, except that when `amount` is small, performance
+/// is closer to `O(amount^2)`, and when `length` is close to `amount` then
+/// `O(length)`.
+///
+/// Note that performance is significantly better over `u32` indices than over
+/// `u64` indices. Because of this we hide the underlying type behind an
+/// abstraction, `IndexVec`.
+///
+/// If an allocation-free `no_std` function is required, it is suggested
+/// to adapt the internal `sample_floyd` implementation.
+///
+/// Panics if `amount > length`.
+pub fn sample<R>(rng: &mut R, length: usize, amount: usize) -> IndexVec
+where R: Rng + ?Sized {
+ if amount > length {
+ panic!("`amount` of samples must be less than or equal to `length`");
+ }
+ if length > (::core::u32::MAX as usize) {
+ // We never want to use inplace here, but could use floyd's alg
+ // Lazy version: always use the cache alg.
+ return sample_rejection(rng, length, amount);
+ }
+ let amount = amount as u32;
+ let length = length as u32;
+
+ // Choice of algorithm here depends on both length and amount. See:
+ // https://github.com/rust-random/rand/pull/479
+ // We do some calculations with f32. Accuracy is not very important.
+
+ if amount < 163 {
+ const C: [[f32; 2]; 2] = [[1.6, 8.0 / 45.0], [10.0, 70.0 / 9.0]];
+ let j = if length < 500_000 { 0 } else { 1 };
+ let amount_fp = amount as f32;
+ let m4 = C[0][j] * amount_fp;
+ // Short-cut: when amount < 12, floyd's is always faster
+ if amount > 11 && (length as f32) < (C[1][j] + m4) * amount_fp {
+ sample_inplace(rng, length, amount)
+ } else {
+ sample_floyd(rng, length, amount)
+ }
+ } else {
+ const C: [f32; 2] = [270.0, 330.0 / 9.0];
+ let j = if length < 500_000 { 0 } else { 1 };
+ if (length as f32) < C[j] * (amount as f32) {
+ sample_inplace(rng, length, amount)
+ } else {
+ sample_rejection(rng, length, amount)
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/// Randomly sample exactly `amount` distinct indices from `0..length`, and
+/// return them in an arbitrary order (there is no guarantee of shuffling or
+/// ordering). The weights are to be provided by the input function `weights`,
+/// which will be called once for each index.
+///
+/// This method is used internally by the slice sampling methods, but it can
+/// sometimes be useful to have the indices themselves so this is provided as
+/// an alternative.
+///
+/// This implementation uses `O(length + amount)` space and `O(length)` time
+/// if the "nightly" feature is enabled, or `O(length)` space and
+/// `O(length + amount * log length)` time otherwise.
+///
+/// Panics if `amount > length`.
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "std")))]
+pub fn sample_weighted<R, F, X>(
+ rng: &mut R, length: usize, weight: F, amount: usize,
+) -> Result<IndexVec, WeightedError>
+where
+ R: Rng + ?Sized,
+ F: Fn(usize) -> X,
+ X: Into<f64>,
+{
+ if length > (core::u32::MAX as usize) {
+ sample_efraimidis_spirakis(rng, length, weight, amount)
+ } else {
+ assert!(amount <= core::u32::MAX as usize);
+ let amount = amount as u32;
+ let length = length as u32;
+ sample_efraimidis_spirakis(rng, length, weight, amount)
+ }
+}
+
+
+/// Randomly sample exactly `amount` distinct indices from `0..length`, and
+/// return them in an arbitrary order (there is no guarantee of shuffling or
+/// ordering). The weights are to be provided by the input function `weights`,
+/// which will be called once for each index.
+///
+/// This implementation uses the algorithm described by Efraimidis and Spirakis
+/// in this paper: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2005.11.003
+/// It uses `O(length + amount)` space and `O(length)` time if the
+/// "nightly" feature is enabled, or `O(length)` space and `O(length
+/// + amount * log length)` time otherwise.
+///
+/// Panics if `amount > length`.
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+fn sample_efraimidis_spirakis<R, F, X, N>(
+ rng: &mut R, length: N, weight: F, amount: N,
+) -> Result<IndexVec, WeightedError>
+where
+ R: Rng + ?Sized,
+ F: Fn(usize) -> X,
+ X: Into<f64>,
+ N: UInt,
+ IndexVec: From<Vec<N>>,
+{
+ if amount == N::zero() {
+ return Ok(IndexVec::U32(Vec::new()));
+ }
+
+ if amount > length {
+ panic!("`amount` of samples must be less than or equal to `length`");
+ }
+
+ struct Element<N> {
+ index: N,
+ key: f64,
+ }
+ impl<N> PartialOrd for Element<N> {
+ fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<core::cmp::Ordering> {
+ self.key.partial_cmp(&other.key)
+ }
+ }
+ impl<N> Ord for Element<N> {
+ fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> core::cmp::Ordering {
+ // partial_cmp will always produce a value,
+ // because we check that the weights are not nan
+ self.partial_cmp(other).unwrap()
+ }
+ }
+ impl<N> PartialEq for Element<N> {
+ fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+ self.key == other.key
+ }
+ }
+ impl<N> Eq for Element<N> {}
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "nightly")]
+ {
+ let mut candidates = Vec::with_capacity(length.as_usize());
+ let mut index = N::zero();
+ while index < length {
+ let weight = weight(index.as_usize()).into();
+ if !(weight >= 0.) {
+ return Err(WeightedError::InvalidWeight);
+ }
+
+ let key = rng.gen::<f64>().powf(1.0 / weight);
+ candidates.push(Element { index, key });
+
+ index += N::one();
+ }
+
+ // Partially sort the array to find the `amount` elements with the greatest
+ // keys. Do this by using `select_nth_unstable` to put the elements with
+ // the *smallest* keys at the beginning of the list in `O(n)` time, which
+ // provides equivalent information about the elements with the *greatest* keys.
+ let (_, mid, greater)
+ = candidates.select_nth_unstable(length.as_usize() - amount.as_usize());
+
+ let mut result: Vec<N> = Vec::with_capacity(amount.as_usize());
+ result.push(mid.index);
+ for element in greater {
+ result.push(element.index);
+ }
+ Ok(IndexVec::from(result))
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(not(feature = "nightly"))]
+ {
+ use alloc::collections::BinaryHeap;
+
+ // Partially sort the array such that the `amount` elements with the largest
+ // keys are first using a binary max heap.
+ let mut candidates = BinaryHeap::with_capacity(length.as_usize());
+ let mut index = N::zero();
+ while index < length {
+ let weight = weight(index.as_usize()).into();
+ if !(weight >= 0.) {
+ return Err(WeightedError::InvalidWeight);
+ }
+
+ let key = rng.gen::<f64>().powf(1.0 / weight);
+ candidates.push(Element { index, key });
+
+ index += N::one();
+ }
+
+ let mut result: Vec<N> = Vec::with_capacity(amount.as_usize());
+ while result.len() < amount.as_usize() {
+ result.push(candidates.pop().unwrap().index);
+ }
+ Ok(IndexVec::from(result))
+ }
+}
+
+/// Randomly sample exactly `amount` indices from `0..length`, using Floyd's
+/// combination algorithm.
+///
+/// The output values are fully shuffled. (Overhead is under 50%.)
+///
+/// This implementation uses `O(amount)` memory and `O(amount^2)` time.
+fn sample_floyd<R>(rng: &mut R, length: u32, amount: u32) -> IndexVec
+where R: Rng + ?Sized {
+ // For small amount we use Floyd's fully-shuffled variant. For larger
+ // amounts this is slow due to Vec::insert performance, so we shuffle
+ // afterwards. Benchmarks show little overhead from extra logic.
+ let floyd_shuffle = amount < 50;
+
+ debug_assert!(amount <= length);
+ let mut indices = Vec::with_capacity(amount as usize);
+ for j in length - amount..length {
+ let t = rng.gen_range(0..=j);
+ if floyd_shuffle {
+ if let Some(pos) = indices.iter().position(|&x| x == t) {
+ indices.insert(pos, j);
+ continue;
+ }
+ } else if indices.contains(&t) {
+ indices.push(j);
+ continue;
+ }
+ indices.push(t);
+ }
+ if !floyd_shuffle {
+ // Reimplement SliceRandom::shuffle with smaller indices
+ for i in (1..amount).rev() {
+ // invariant: elements with index > i have been locked in place.
+ indices.swap(i as usize, rng.gen_range(0..=i) as usize);
+ }
+ }
+ IndexVec::from(indices)
+}
+
+/// Randomly sample exactly `amount` indices from `0..length`, using an inplace
+/// partial Fisher-Yates method.
+/// Sample an amount of indices using an inplace partial fisher yates method.
+///
+/// This allocates the entire `length` of indices and randomizes only the first `amount`.
+/// It then truncates to `amount` and returns.
+///
+/// This method is not appropriate for large `length` and potentially uses a lot
+/// of memory; because of this we only implement for `u32` index (which improves
+/// performance in all cases).
+///
+/// Set-up is `O(length)` time and memory and shuffling is `O(amount)` time.
+fn sample_inplace<R>(rng: &mut R, length: u32, amount: u32) -> IndexVec
+where R: Rng + ?Sized {
+ debug_assert!(amount <= length);
+ let mut indices: Vec<u32> = Vec::with_capacity(length as usize);
+ indices.extend(0..length);
+ for i in 0..amount {
+ let j: u32 = rng.gen_range(i..length);
+ indices.swap(i as usize, j as usize);
+ }
+ indices.truncate(amount as usize);
+ debug_assert_eq!(indices.len(), amount as usize);
+ IndexVec::from(indices)
+}
+
+trait UInt: Copy + PartialOrd + Ord + PartialEq + Eq + SampleUniform
+ + core::hash::Hash + core::ops::AddAssign {
+ fn zero() -> Self;
+ fn one() -> Self;
+ fn as_usize(self) -> usize;
+}
+impl UInt for u32 {
+ #[inline]
+ fn zero() -> Self {
+ 0
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn one() -> Self {
+ 1
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn as_usize(self) -> usize {
+ self as usize
+ }
+}
+impl UInt for usize {
+ #[inline]
+ fn zero() -> Self {
+ 0
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn one() -> Self {
+ 1
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn as_usize(self) -> usize {
+ self
+ }
+}
+
+/// Randomly sample exactly `amount` indices from `0..length`, using rejection
+/// sampling.
+///
+/// Since `amount <<< length` there is a low chance of a random sample in
+/// `0..length` being a duplicate. We test for duplicates and resample where
+/// necessary. The algorithm is `O(amount)` time and memory.
+///
+/// This function is generic over X primarily so that results are value-stable
+/// over 32-bit and 64-bit platforms.
+fn sample_rejection<X: UInt, R>(rng: &mut R, length: X, amount: X) -> IndexVec
+where
+ R: Rng + ?Sized,
+ IndexVec: From<Vec<X>>,
+{
+ debug_assert!(amount < length);
+ #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+ let mut cache = HashSet::with_capacity(amount.as_usize());
+ #[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
+ let mut cache = BTreeSet::new();
+ let distr = Uniform::new(X::zero(), length);
+ let mut indices = Vec::with_capacity(amount.as_usize());
+ for _ in 0..amount.as_usize() {
+ let mut pos = distr.sample(rng);
+ while !cache.insert(pos) {
+ pos = distr.sample(rng);
+ }
+ indices.push(pos);
+ }
+
+ debug_assert_eq!(indices.len(), amount.as_usize());
+ IndexVec::from(indices)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+ use super::*;
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg(feature = "serde1")]
+ fn test_serialization_index_vec() {
+ let some_index_vec = IndexVec::from(vec![254_usize, 234, 2, 1]);
+ let de_some_index_vec: IndexVec = bincode::deserialize(&bincode::serialize(&some_index_vec).unwrap()).unwrap();
+ match (some_index_vec, de_some_index_vec) {
+ (IndexVec::U32(a), IndexVec::U32(b)) => {
+ assert_eq!(a, b);
+ },
+ (IndexVec::USize(a), IndexVec::USize(b)) => {
+ assert_eq!(a, b);
+ },
+ _ => {panic!("failed to seralize/deserialize `IndexVec`")}
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] use alloc::vec;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_sample_boundaries() {
+ let mut r = crate::test::rng(404);
+
+ assert_eq!(sample_inplace(&mut r, 0, 0).len(), 0);
+ assert_eq!(sample_inplace(&mut r, 1, 0).len(), 0);
+ assert_eq!(sample_inplace(&mut r, 1, 1).into_vec(), vec![0]);
+
+ assert_eq!(sample_rejection(&mut r, 1u32, 0).len(), 0);
+
+ assert_eq!(sample_floyd(&mut r, 0, 0).len(), 0);
+ assert_eq!(sample_floyd(&mut r, 1, 0).len(), 0);
+ assert_eq!(sample_floyd(&mut r, 1, 1).into_vec(), vec![0]);
+
+ // These algorithms should be fast with big numbers. Test average.
+ let sum: usize = sample_rejection(&mut r, 1 << 25, 10u32).into_iter().sum();
+ assert!(1 << 25 < sum && sum < (1 << 25) * 25);
+
+ let sum: usize = sample_floyd(&mut r, 1 << 25, 10).into_iter().sum();
+ assert!(1 << 25 < sum && sum < (1 << 25) * 25);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // Miri is too slow
+ fn test_sample_alg() {
+ let seed_rng = crate::test::rng;
+
+ // We can't test which algorithm is used directly, but Floyd's alg
+ // should produce different results from the others. (Also, `inplace`
+ // and `cached` currently use different sizes thus produce different results.)
+
+ // A small length and relatively large amount should use inplace
+ let (length, amount): (usize, usize) = (100, 50);
+ let v1 = sample(&mut seed_rng(420), length, amount);
+ let v2 = sample_inplace(&mut seed_rng(420), length as u32, amount as u32);
+ assert!(v1.iter().all(|e| e < length));
+ assert_eq!(v1, v2);
+
+ // Test Floyd's alg does produce different results
+ let v3 = sample_floyd(&mut seed_rng(420), length as u32, amount as u32);
+ assert!(v1 != v3);
+
+ // A large length and small amount should use Floyd
+ let (length, amount): (usize, usize) = (1 << 20, 50);
+ let v1 = sample(&mut seed_rng(421), length, amount);
+ let v2 = sample_floyd(&mut seed_rng(421), length as u32, amount as u32);
+ assert!(v1.iter().all(|e| e < length));
+ assert_eq!(v1, v2);
+
+ // A large length and larger amount should use cache
+ let (length, amount): (usize, usize) = (1 << 20, 600);
+ let v1 = sample(&mut seed_rng(422), length, amount);
+ let v2 = sample_rejection(&mut seed_rng(422), length as u32, amount as u32);
+ assert!(v1.iter().all(|e| e < length));
+ assert_eq!(v1, v2);
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+ #[test]
+ fn test_sample_weighted() {
+ let seed_rng = crate::test::rng;
+ for &(amount, len) in &[(0, 10), (5, 10), (10, 10)] {
+ let v = sample_weighted(&mut seed_rng(423), len, |i| i as f64, amount).unwrap();
+ match v {
+ IndexVec::U32(mut indices) => {
+ assert_eq!(indices.len(), amount);
+ indices.sort_unstable();
+ indices.dedup();
+ assert_eq!(indices.len(), amount);
+ for &i in &indices {
+ assert!((i as usize) < len);
+ }
+ },
+ IndexVec::USize(_) => panic!("expected `IndexVec::U32`"),
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn value_stability_sample() {
+ let do_test = |length, amount, values: &[u32]| {
+ let mut buf = [0u32; 8];
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(410);
+
+ let res = sample(&mut rng, length, amount);
+ let len = res.len().min(buf.len());
+ for (x, y) in res.into_iter().zip(buf.iter_mut()) {
+ *y = x as u32;
+ }
+ assert_eq!(
+ &buf[0..len],
+ values,
+ "failed sampling {}, {}",
+ length,
+ amount
+ );
+ };
+
+ do_test(10, 6, &[8, 0, 3, 5, 9, 6]); // floyd
+ do_test(25, 10, &[18, 15, 14, 9, 0, 13, 5, 24]); // floyd
+ do_test(300, 8, &[30, 283, 150, 1, 73, 13, 285, 35]); // floyd
+ do_test(300, 80, &[31, 289, 248, 154, 5, 78, 19, 286]); // inplace
+ do_test(300, 180, &[31, 289, 248, 154, 5, 78, 19, 286]); // inplace
+
+ do_test(1_000_000, 8, &[
+ 103717, 963485, 826422, 509101, 736394, 807035, 5327, 632573,
+ ]); // floyd
+ do_test(1_000_000, 180, &[
+ 103718, 963490, 826426, 509103, 736396, 807036, 5327, 632573,
+ ]); // rejection
+ }
+}
diff --git a/third_party/rust/rand/src/seq/mod.rs b/third_party/rust/rand/src/seq/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..069e9e6b19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/rust/rand/src/seq/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1356 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Sequence-related functionality
+//!
+//! This module provides:
+//!
+//! * [`SliceRandom`] slice sampling and mutation
+//! * [`IteratorRandom`] iterator sampling
+//! * [`index::sample`] low-level API to choose multiple indices from
+//! `0..length`
+//!
+//! Also see:
+//!
+//! * [`crate::distributions::WeightedIndex`] distribution which provides
+//! weighted index sampling.
+//!
+//! In order to make results reproducible across 32-64 bit architectures, all
+//! `usize` indices are sampled as a `u32` where possible (also providing a
+//! small performance boost in some cases).
+
+
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "alloc")))]
+pub mod index;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")] use core::ops::Index;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")] use alloc::vec::Vec;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+use crate::distributions::uniform::{SampleBorrow, SampleUniform};
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")] use crate::distributions::WeightedError;
+use crate::Rng;
+
+/// Extension trait on slices, providing random mutation and sampling methods.
+///
+/// This trait is implemented on all `[T]` slice types, providing several
+/// methods for choosing and shuffling elements. You must `use` this trait:
+///
+/// ```
+/// use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
+///
+/// let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
+/// let mut bytes = "Hello, random!".to_string().into_bytes();
+/// bytes.shuffle(&mut rng);
+/// let str = String::from_utf8(bytes).unwrap();
+/// println!("{}", str);
+/// ```
+/// Example output (non-deterministic):
+/// ```none
+/// l,nmroHado !le
+/// ```
+pub trait SliceRandom {
+ /// The element type.
+ type Item;
+
+ /// Returns a reference to one random element of the slice, or `None` if the
+ /// slice is empty.
+ ///
+ /// For slices, complexity is `O(1)`.
+ ///
+ /// # Example
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use rand::thread_rng;
+ /// use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
+ ///
+ /// let choices = [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32];
+ /// let mut rng = thread_rng();
+ /// println!("{:?}", choices.choose(&mut rng));
+ /// assert_eq!(choices[..0].choose(&mut rng), None);
+ /// ```
+ fn choose<R>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> Option<&Self::Item>
+ where R: Rng + ?Sized;
+
+ /// Returns a mutable reference to one random element of the slice, or
+ /// `None` if the slice is empty.
+ ///
+ /// For slices, complexity is `O(1)`.
+ fn choose_mut<R>(&mut self, rng: &mut R) -> Option<&mut Self::Item>
+ where R: Rng + ?Sized;
+
+ /// Chooses `amount` elements from the slice at random, without repetition,
+ /// and in random order. The returned iterator is appropriate both for
+ /// collection into a `Vec` and filling an existing buffer (see example).
+ ///
+ /// In case this API is not sufficiently flexible, use [`index::sample`].
+ ///
+ /// For slices, complexity is the same as [`index::sample`].
+ ///
+ /// # Example
+ /// ```
+ /// use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
+ ///
+ /// let mut rng = &mut rand::thread_rng();
+ /// let sample = "Hello, audience!".as_bytes();
+ ///
+ /// // collect the results into a vector:
+ /// let v: Vec<u8> = sample.choose_multiple(&mut rng, 3).cloned().collect();
+ ///
+ /// // store in a buffer:
+ /// let mut buf = [0u8; 5];
+ /// for (b, slot) in sample.choose_multiple(&mut rng, buf.len()).zip(buf.iter_mut()) {
+ /// *slot = *b;
+ /// }
+ /// ```
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+ #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "alloc")))]
+ fn choose_multiple<R>(&self, rng: &mut R, amount: usize) -> SliceChooseIter<Self, Self::Item>
+ where R: Rng + ?Sized;
+
+ /// Similar to [`choose`], but where the likelihood of each outcome may be
+ /// specified.
+ ///
+ /// The specified function `weight` maps each item `x` to a relative
+ /// likelihood `weight(x)`. The probability of each item being selected is
+ /// therefore `weight(x) / s`, where `s` is the sum of all `weight(x)`.
+ ///
+ /// For slices of length `n`, complexity is `O(n)`.
+ /// See also [`choose_weighted_mut`], [`distributions::weighted`].
+ ///
+ /// # Example
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use rand::prelude::*;
+ ///
+ /// let choices = [('a', 2), ('b', 1), ('c', 1)];
+ /// let mut rng = thread_rng();
+ /// // 50% chance to print 'a', 25% chance to print 'b', 25% chance to print 'c'
+ /// println!("{:?}", choices.choose_weighted(&mut rng, |item| item.1).unwrap().0);
+ /// ```
+ /// [`choose`]: SliceRandom::choose
+ /// [`choose_weighted_mut`]: SliceRandom::choose_weighted_mut
+ /// [`distributions::weighted`]: crate::distributions::weighted
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+ #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "alloc")))]
+ fn choose_weighted<R, F, B, X>(
+ &self, rng: &mut R, weight: F,
+ ) -> Result<&Self::Item, WeightedError>
+ where
+ R: Rng + ?Sized,
+ F: Fn(&Self::Item) -> B,
+ B: SampleBorrow<X>,
+ X: SampleUniform
+ + for<'a> ::core::ops::AddAssign<&'a X>
+ + ::core::cmp::PartialOrd<X>
+ + Clone
+ + Default;
+
+ /// Similar to [`choose_mut`], but where the likelihood of each outcome may
+ /// be specified.
+ ///
+ /// The specified function `weight` maps each item `x` to a relative
+ /// likelihood `weight(x)`. The probability of each item being selected is
+ /// therefore `weight(x) / s`, where `s` is the sum of all `weight(x)`.
+ ///
+ /// For slices of length `n`, complexity is `O(n)`.
+ /// See also [`choose_weighted`], [`distributions::weighted`].
+ ///
+ /// [`choose_mut`]: SliceRandom::choose_mut
+ /// [`choose_weighted`]: SliceRandom::choose_weighted
+ /// [`distributions::weighted`]: crate::distributions::weighted
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+ #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "alloc")))]
+ fn choose_weighted_mut<R, F, B, X>(
+ &mut self, rng: &mut R, weight: F,
+ ) -> Result<&mut Self::Item, WeightedError>
+ where
+ R: Rng + ?Sized,
+ F: Fn(&Self::Item) -> B,
+ B: SampleBorrow<X>,
+ X: SampleUniform
+ + for<'a> ::core::ops::AddAssign<&'a X>
+ + ::core::cmp::PartialOrd<X>
+ + Clone
+ + Default;
+
+ /// Similar to [`choose_multiple`], but where the likelihood of each element's
+ /// inclusion in the output may be specified. The elements are returned in an
+ /// arbitrary, unspecified order.
+ ///
+ /// The specified function `weight` maps each item `x` to a relative
+ /// likelihood `weight(x)`. The probability of each item being selected is
+ /// therefore `weight(x) / s`, where `s` is the sum of all `weight(x)`.
+ ///
+ /// If all of the weights are equal, even if they are all zero, each element has
+ /// an equal likelihood of being selected.
+ ///
+ /// The complexity of this method depends on the feature `partition_at_index`.
+ /// If the feature is enabled, then for slices of length `n`, the complexity
+ /// is `O(n)` space and `O(n)` time. Otherwise, the complexity is `O(n)` space and
+ /// `O(n * log amount)` time.
+ ///
+ /// # Example
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use rand::prelude::*;
+ ///
+ /// let choices = [('a', 2), ('b', 1), ('c', 1)];
+ /// let mut rng = thread_rng();
+ /// // First Draw * Second Draw = total odds
+ /// // -----------------------
+ /// // (50% * 50%) + (25% * 67%) = 41.7% chance that the output is `['a', 'b']` in some order.
+ /// // (50% * 50%) + (25% * 67%) = 41.7% chance that the output is `['a', 'c']` in some order.
+ /// // (25% * 33%) + (25% * 33%) = 16.6% chance that the output is `['b', 'c']` in some order.
+ /// println!("{:?}", choices.choose_multiple_weighted(&mut rng, 2, |item| item.1).unwrap().collect::<Vec<_>>());
+ /// ```
+ /// [`choose_multiple`]: SliceRandom::choose_multiple
+ //
+ // Note: this is feature-gated on std due to usage of f64::powf.
+ // If necessary, we may use alloc+libm as an alternative (see PR #1089).
+ #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+ #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "std")))]
+ fn choose_multiple_weighted<R, F, X>(
+ &self, rng: &mut R, amount: usize, weight: F,
+ ) -> Result<SliceChooseIter<Self, Self::Item>, WeightedError>
+ where
+ R: Rng + ?Sized,
+ F: Fn(&Self::Item) -> X,
+ X: Into<f64>;
+
+ /// Shuffle a mutable slice in place.
+ ///
+ /// For slices of length `n`, complexity is `O(n)`.
+ ///
+ /// # Example
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
+ /// use rand::thread_rng;
+ ///
+ /// let mut rng = thread_rng();
+ /// let mut y = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+ /// println!("Unshuffled: {:?}", y);
+ /// y.shuffle(&mut rng);
+ /// println!("Shuffled: {:?}", y);
+ /// ```
+ fn shuffle<R>(&mut self, rng: &mut R)
+ where R: Rng + ?Sized;
+
+ /// Shuffle a slice in place, but exit early.
+ ///
+ /// Returns two mutable slices from the source slice. The first contains
+ /// `amount` elements randomly permuted. The second has the remaining
+ /// elements that are not fully shuffled.
+ ///
+ /// This is an efficient method to select `amount` elements at random from
+ /// the slice, provided the slice may be mutated.
+ ///
+ /// If you only need to choose elements randomly and `amount > self.len()/2`
+ /// then you may improve performance by taking
+ /// `amount = values.len() - amount` and using only the second slice.
+ ///
+ /// If `amount` is greater than the number of elements in the slice, this
+ /// will perform a full shuffle.
+ ///
+ /// For slices, complexity is `O(m)` where `m = amount`.
+ fn partial_shuffle<R>(
+ &mut self, rng: &mut R, amount: usize,
+ ) -> (&mut [Self::Item], &mut [Self::Item])
+ where R: Rng + ?Sized;
+}
+
+/// Extension trait on iterators, providing random sampling methods.
+///
+/// This trait is implemented on all iterators `I` where `I: Iterator + Sized`
+/// and provides methods for
+/// choosing one or more elements. You must `use` this trait:
+///
+/// ```
+/// use rand::seq::IteratorRandom;
+///
+/// let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
+///
+/// let faces = "πŸ˜€πŸ˜ŽπŸ˜πŸ˜•πŸ˜ πŸ˜’";
+/// println!("I am {}!", faces.chars().choose(&mut rng).unwrap());
+/// ```
+/// Example output (non-deterministic):
+/// ```none
+/// I am πŸ˜€!
+/// ```
+pub trait IteratorRandom: Iterator + Sized {
+ /// Choose one element at random from the iterator.
+ ///
+ /// Returns `None` if and only if the iterator is empty.
+ ///
+ /// This method uses [`Iterator::size_hint`] for optimisation. With an
+ /// accurate hint and where [`Iterator::nth`] is a constant-time operation
+ /// this method can offer `O(1)` performance. Where no size hint is
+ /// available, complexity is `O(n)` where `n` is the iterator length.
+ /// Partial hints (where `lower > 0`) also improve performance.
+ ///
+ /// Note that the output values and the number of RNG samples used
+ /// depends on size hints. In particular, `Iterator` combinators that don't
+ /// change the values yielded but change the size hints may result in
+ /// `choose` returning different elements. If you want consistent results
+ /// and RNG usage consider using [`IteratorRandom::choose_stable`].
+ fn choose<R>(mut self, rng: &mut R) -> Option<Self::Item>
+ where R: Rng + ?Sized {
+ let (mut lower, mut upper) = self.size_hint();
+ let mut consumed = 0;
+ let mut result = None;
+
+ // Handling for this condition outside the loop allows the optimizer to eliminate the loop
+ // when the Iterator is an ExactSizeIterator. This has a large performance impact on e.g.
+ // seq_iter_choose_from_1000.
+ if upper == Some(lower) {
+ return if lower == 0 {
+ None
+ } else {
+ self.nth(gen_index(rng, lower))
+ };
+ }
+
+ // Continue until the iterator is exhausted
+ loop {
+ if lower > 1 {
+ let ix = gen_index(rng, lower + consumed);
+ let skip = if ix < lower {
+ result = self.nth(ix);
+ lower - (ix + 1)
+ } else {
+ lower
+ };
+ if upper == Some(lower) {
+ return result;
+ }
+ consumed += lower;
+ if skip > 0 {
+ self.nth(skip - 1);
+ }
+ } else {
+ let elem = self.next();
+ if elem.is_none() {
+ return result;
+ }
+ consumed += 1;
+ if gen_index(rng, consumed) == 0 {
+ result = elem;
+ }
+ }
+
+ let hint = self.size_hint();
+ lower = hint.0;
+ upper = hint.1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// Choose one element at random from the iterator.
+ ///
+ /// Returns `None` if and only if the iterator is empty.
+ ///
+ /// This method is very similar to [`choose`] except that the result
+ /// only depends on the length of the iterator and the values produced by
+ /// `rng`. Notably for any iterator of a given length this will make the
+ /// same requests to `rng` and if the same sequence of values are produced
+ /// the same index will be selected from `self`. This may be useful if you
+ /// need consistent results no matter what type of iterator you are working
+ /// with. If you do not need this stability prefer [`choose`].
+ ///
+ /// Note that this method still uses [`Iterator::size_hint`] to skip
+ /// constructing elements where possible, however the selection and `rng`
+ /// calls are the same in the face of this optimization. If you want to
+ /// force every element to be created regardless call `.inspect(|e| ())`.
+ ///
+ /// [`choose`]: IteratorRandom::choose
+ fn choose_stable<R>(mut self, rng: &mut R) -> Option<Self::Item>
+ where R: Rng + ?Sized {
+ let mut consumed = 0;
+ let mut result = None;
+
+ loop {
+ // Currently the only way to skip elements is `nth()`. So we need to
+ // store what index to access next here.
+ // This should be replaced by `advance_by()` once it is stable:
+ // https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/77404
+ let mut next = 0;
+
+ let (lower, _) = self.size_hint();
+ if lower >= 2 {
+ let highest_selected = (0..lower)
+ .filter(|ix| gen_index(rng, consumed+ix+1) == 0)
+ .last();
+
+ consumed += lower;
+ next = lower;
+
+ if let Some(ix) = highest_selected {
+ result = self.nth(ix);
+ next -= ix + 1;
+ debug_assert!(result.is_some(), "iterator shorter than size_hint().0");
+ }
+ }
+
+ let elem = self.nth(next);
+ if elem.is_none() {
+ return result
+ }
+
+ if gen_index(rng, consumed+1) == 0 {
+ result = elem;
+ }
+ consumed += 1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// Collects values at random from the iterator into a supplied buffer
+ /// until that buffer is filled.
+ ///
+ /// Although the elements are selected randomly, the order of elements in
+ /// the buffer is neither stable nor fully random. If random ordering is
+ /// desired, shuffle the result.
+ ///
+ /// Returns the number of elements added to the buffer. This equals the length
+ /// of the buffer unless the iterator contains insufficient elements, in which
+ /// case this equals the number of elements available.
+ ///
+ /// Complexity is `O(n)` where `n` is the length of the iterator.
+ /// For slices, prefer [`SliceRandom::choose_multiple`].
+ fn choose_multiple_fill<R>(mut self, rng: &mut R, buf: &mut [Self::Item]) -> usize
+ where R: Rng + ?Sized {
+ let amount = buf.len();
+ let mut len = 0;
+ while len < amount {
+ if let Some(elem) = self.next() {
+ buf[len] = elem;
+ len += 1;
+ } else {
+ // Iterator exhausted; stop early
+ return len;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Continue, since the iterator was not exhausted
+ for (i, elem) in self.enumerate() {
+ let k = gen_index(rng, i + 1 + amount);
+ if let Some(slot) = buf.get_mut(k) {
+ *slot = elem;
+ }
+ }
+ len
+ }
+
+ /// Collects `amount` values at random from the iterator into a vector.
+ ///
+ /// This is equivalent to `choose_multiple_fill` except for the result type.
+ ///
+ /// Although the elements are selected randomly, the order of elements in
+ /// the buffer is neither stable nor fully random. If random ordering is
+ /// desired, shuffle the result.
+ ///
+ /// The length of the returned vector equals `amount` unless the iterator
+ /// contains insufficient elements, in which case it equals the number of
+ /// elements available.
+ ///
+ /// Complexity is `O(n)` where `n` is the length of the iterator.
+ /// For slices, prefer [`SliceRandom::choose_multiple`].
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+ #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "alloc")))]
+ fn choose_multiple<R>(mut self, rng: &mut R, amount: usize) -> Vec<Self::Item>
+ where R: Rng + ?Sized {
+ let mut reservoir = Vec::with_capacity(amount);
+ reservoir.extend(self.by_ref().take(amount));
+
+ // Continue unless the iterator was exhausted
+ //
+ // note: this prevents iterators that "restart" from causing problems.
+ // If the iterator stops once, then so do we.
+ if reservoir.len() == amount {
+ for (i, elem) in self.enumerate() {
+ let k = gen_index(rng, i + 1 + amount);
+ if let Some(slot) = reservoir.get_mut(k) {
+ *slot = elem;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ // Don't hang onto extra memory. There is a corner case where
+ // `amount` was much less than `self.len()`.
+ reservoir.shrink_to_fit();
+ }
+ reservoir
+ }
+}
+
+
+impl<T> SliceRandom for [T] {
+ type Item = T;
+
+ fn choose<R>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> Option<&Self::Item>
+ where R: Rng + ?Sized {
+ if self.is_empty() {
+ None
+ } else {
+ Some(&self[gen_index(rng, self.len())])
+ }
+ }
+
+ fn choose_mut<R>(&mut self, rng: &mut R) -> Option<&mut Self::Item>
+ where R: Rng + ?Sized {
+ if self.is_empty() {
+ None
+ } else {
+ let len = self.len();
+ Some(&mut self[gen_index(rng, len)])
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+ fn choose_multiple<R>(&self, rng: &mut R, amount: usize) -> SliceChooseIter<Self, Self::Item>
+ where R: Rng + ?Sized {
+ let amount = ::core::cmp::min(amount, self.len());
+ SliceChooseIter {
+ slice: self,
+ _phantom: Default::default(),
+ indices: index::sample(rng, self.len(), amount).into_iter(),
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+ fn choose_weighted<R, F, B, X>(
+ &self, rng: &mut R, weight: F,
+ ) -> Result<&Self::Item, WeightedError>
+ where
+ R: Rng + ?Sized,
+ F: Fn(&Self::Item) -> B,
+ B: SampleBorrow<X>,
+ X: SampleUniform
+ + for<'a> ::core::ops::AddAssign<&'a X>
+ + ::core::cmp::PartialOrd<X>
+ + Clone
+ + Default,
+ {
+ use crate::distributions::{Distribution, WeightedIndex};
+ let distr = WeightedIndex::new(self.iter().map(weight))?;
+ Ok(&self[distr.sample(rng)])
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+ fn choose_weighted_mut<R, F, B, X>(
+ &mut self, rng: &mut R, weight: F,
+ ) -> Result<&mut Self::Item, WeightedError>
+ where
+ R: Rng + ?Sized,
+ F: Fn(&Self::Item) -> B,
+ B: SampleBorrow<X>,
+ X: SampleUniform
+ + for<'a> ::core::ops::AddAssign<&'a X>
+ + ::core::cmp::PartialOrd<X>
+ + Clone
+ + Default,
+ {
+ use crate::distributions::{Distribution, WeightedIndex};
+ let distr = WeightedIndex::new(self.iter().map(weight))?;
+ Ok(&mut self[distr.sample(rng)])
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+ fn choose_multiple_weighted<R, F, X>(
+ &self, rng: &mut R, amount: usize, weight: F,
+ ) -> Result<SliceChooseIter<Self, Self::Item>, WeightedError>
+ where
+ R: Rng + ?Sized,
+ F: Fn(&Self::Item) -> X,
+ X: Into<f64>,
+ {
+ let amount = ::core::cmp::min(amount, self.len());
+ Ok(SliceChooseIter {
+ slice: self,
+ _phantom: Default::default(),
+ indices: index::sample_weighted(
+ rng,
+ self.len(),
+ |idx| weight(&self[idx]).into(),
+ amount,
+ )?
+ .into_iter(),
+ })
+ }
+
+ fn shuffle<R>(&mut self, rng: &mut R)
+ where R: Rng + ?Sized {
+ for i in (1..self.len()).rev() {
+ // invariant: elements with index > i have been locked in place.
+ self.swap(i, gen_index(rng, i + 1));
+ }
+ }
+
+ fn partial_shuffle<R>(
+ &mut self, rng: &mut R, amount: usize,
+ ) -> (&mut [Self::Item], &mut [Self::Item])
+ where R: Rng + ?Sized {
+ // This applies Durstenfeld's algorithm for the
+ // [Fisher–Yates shuffle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher%E2%80%93Yates_shuffle#The_modern_algorithm)
+ // for an unbiased permutation, but exits early after choosing `amount`
+ // elements.
+
+ let len = self.len();
+ let end = if amount >= len { 0 } else { len - amount };
+
+ for i in (end..len).rev() {
+ // invariant: elements with index > i have been locked in place.
+ self.swap(i, gen_index(rng, i + 1));
+ }
+ let r = self.split_at_mut(end);
+ (r.1, r.0)
+ }
+}
+
+impl<I> IteratorRandom for I where I: Iterator + Sized {}
+
+
+/// An iterator over multiple slice elements.
+///
+/// This struct is created by
+/// [`SliceRandom::choose_multiple`](trait.SliceRandom.html#tymethod.choose_multiple).
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+#[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "alloc")))]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct SliceChooseIter<'a, S: ?Sized + 'a, T: 'a> {
+ slice: &'a S,
+ _phantom: ::core::marker::PhantomData<T>,
+ indices: index::IndexVecIntoIter,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+impl<'a, S: Index<usize, Output = T> + ?Sized + 'a, T: 'a> Iterator for SliceChooseIter<'a, S, T> {
+ type Item = &'a T;
+
+ fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+ // TODO: investigate using SliceIndex::get_unchecked when stable
+ self.indices.next().map(|i| &self.slice[i as usize])
+ }
+
+ fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
+ (self.indices.len(), Some(self.indices.len()))
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+impl<'a, S: Index<usize, Output = T> + ?Sized + 'a, T: 'a> ExactSizeIterator
+ for SliceChooseIter<'a, S, T>
+{
+ fn len(&self) -> usize {
+ self.indices.len()
+ }
+}
+
+
+// Sample a number uniformly between 0 and `ubound`. Uses 32-bit sampling where
+// possible, primarily in order to produce the same output on 32-bit and 64-bit
+// platforms.
+#[inline]
+fn gen_index<R: Rng + ?Sized>(rng: &mut R, ubound: usize) -> usize {
+ if ubound <= (core::u32::MAX as usize) {
+ rng.gen_range(0..ubound as u32) as usize
+ } else {
+ rng.gen_range(0..ubound)
+ }
+}
+
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+ use super::*;
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] use crate::Rng;
+ #[cfg(all(feature = "alloc", not(feature = "std")))] use alloc::vec::Vec;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_slice_choose() {
+ let mut r = crate::test::rng(107);
+ let chars = [
+ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n',
+ ];
+ let mut chosen = [0i32; 14];
+ // The below all use a binomial distribution with n=1000, p=1/14.
+ // binocdf(40, 1000, 1/14) ~= 2e-5; 1-binocdf(106, ..) ~= 2e-5
+ for _ in 0..1000 {
+ let picked = *chars.choose(&mut r).unwrap();
+ chosen[(picked as usize) - ('a' as usize)] += 1;
+ }
+ for count in chosen.iter() {
+ assert!(40 < *count && *count < 106);
+ }
+
+ chosen.iter_mut().for_each(|x| *x = 0);
+ for _ in 0..1000 {
+ *chosen.choose_mut(&mut r).unwrap() += 1;
+ }
+ for count in chosen.iter() {
+ assert!(40 < *count && *count < 106);
+ }
+
+ let mut v: [isize; 0] = [];
+ assert_eq!(v.choose(&mut r), None);
+ assert_eq!(v.choose_mut(&mut r), None);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn value_stability_slice() {
+ let mut r = crate::test::rng(413);
+ let chars = [
+ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n',
+ ];
+ let mut nums = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12];
+
+ assert_eq!(chars.choose(&mut r), Some(&'l'));
+ assert_eq!(nums.choose_mut(&mut r), Some(&mut 10));
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+ assert_eq!(
+ &chars
+ .choose_multiple(&mut r, 8)
+ .cloned()
+ .collect::<Vec<char>>(),
+ &['d', 'm', 'b', 'n', 'c', 'k', 'h', 'e']
+ );
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+ assert_eq!(chars.choose_weighted(&mut r, |_| 1), Ok(&'f'));
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+ assert_eq!(nums.choose_weighted_mut(&mut r, |_| 1), Ok(&mut 5));
+
+ let mut r = crate::test::rng(414);
+ nums.shuffle(&mut r);
+ assert_eq!(nums, [9, 5, 3, 10, 7, 12, 8, 11, 6, 4, 0, 2, 1]);
+ nums = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12];
+ let res = nums.partial_shuffle(&mut r, 6);
+ assert_eq!(res.0, &mut [7, 4, 8, 6, 9, 3]);
+ assert_eq!(res.1, &mut [0, 1, 2, 12, 11, 5, 10]);
+ }
+
+ #[derive(Clone)]
+ struct UnhintedIterator<I: Iterator + Clone> {
+ iter: I,
+ }
+ impl<I: Iterator + Clone> Iterator for UnhintedIterator<I> {
+ type Item = I::Item;
+
+ fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+ self.iter.next()
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[derive(Clone)]
+ struct ChunkHintedIterator<I: ExactSizeIterator + Iterator + Clone> {
+ iter: I,
+ chunk_remaining: usize,
+ chunk_size: usize,
+ hint_total_size: bool,
+ }
+ impl<I: ExactSizeIterator + Iterator + Clone> Iterator for ChunkHintedIterator<I> {
+ type Item = I::Item;
+
+ fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+ if self.chunk_remaining == 0 {
+ self.chunk_remaining = ::core::cmp::min(self.chunk_size, self.iter.len());
+ }
+ self.chunk_remaining = self.chunk_remaining.saturating_sub(1);
+
+ self.iter.next()
+ }
+
+ fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
+ (
+ self.chunk_remaining,
+ if self.hint_total_size {
+ Some(self.iter.len())
+ } else {
+ None
+ },
+ )
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[derive(Clone)]
+ struct WindowHintedIterator<I: ExactSizeIterator + Iterator + Clone> {
+ iter: I,
+ window_size: usize,
+ hint_total_size: bool,
+ }
+ impl<I: ExactSizeIterator + Iterator + Clone> Iterator for WindowHintedIterator<I> {
+ type Item = I::Item;
+
+ fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+ self.iter.next()
+ }
+
+ fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
+ (
+ ::core::cmp::min(self.iter.len(), self.window_size),
+ if self.hint_total_size {
+ Some(self.iter.len())
+ } else {
+ None
+ },
+ )
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // Miri is too slow
+ fn test_iterator_choose() {
+ let r = &mut crate::test::rng(109);
+ fn test_iter<R: Rng + ?Sized, Iter: Iterator<Item = usize> + Clone>(r: &mut R, iter: Iter) {
+ let mut chosen = [0i32; 9];
+ for _ in 0..1000 {
+ let picked = iter.clone().choose(r).unwrap();
+ chosen[picked] += 1;
+ }
+ for count in chosen.iter() {
+ // Samples should follow Binomial(1000, 1/9)
+ // Octave: binopdf(x, 1000, 1/9) gives the prob of *count == x
+ // Note: have seen 153, which is unlikely but not impossible.
+ assert!(
+ 72 < *count && *count < 154,
+ "count not close to 1000/9: {}",
+ count
+ );
+ }
+ }
+
+ test_iter(r, 0..9);
+ test_iter(r, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].iter().cloned());
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+ test_iter(r, (0..9).collect::<Vec<_>>().into_iter());
+ test_iter(r, UnhintedIterator { iter: 0..9 });
+ test_iter(r, ChunkHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..9,
+ chunk_size: 4,
+ chunk_remaining: 4,
+ hint_total_size: false,
+ });
+ test_iter(r, ChunkHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..9,
+ chunk_size: 4,
+ chunk_remaining: 4,
+ hint_total_size: true,
+ });
+ test_iter(r, WindowHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..9,
+ window_size: 2,
+ hint_total_size: false,
+ });
+ test_iter(r, WindowHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..9,
+ window_size: 2,
+ hint_total_size: true,
+ });
+
+ assert_eq!((0..0).choose(r), None);
+ assert_eq!(UnhintedIterator { iter: 0..0 }.choose(r), None);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // Miri is too slow
+ fn test_iterator_choose_stable() {
+ let r = &mut crate::test::rng(109);
+ fn test_iter<R: Rng + ?Sized, Iter: Iterator<Item = usize> + Clone>(r: &mut R, iter: Iter) {
+ let mut chosen = [0i32; 9];
+ for _ in 0..1000 {
+ let picked = iter.clone().choose_stable(r).unwrap();
+ chosen[picked] += 1;
+ }
+ for count in chosen.iter() {
+ // Samples should follow Binomial(1000, 1/9)
+ // Octave: binopdf(x, 1000, 1/9) gives the prob of *count == x
+ // Note: have seen 153, which is unlikely but not impossible.
+ assert!(
+ 72 < *count && *count < 154,
+ "count not close to 1000/9: {}",
+ count
+ );
+ }
+ }
+
+ test_iter(r, 0..9);
+ test_iter(r, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].iter().cloned());
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+ test_iter(r, (0..9).collect::<Vec<_>>().into_iter());
+ test_iter(r, UnhintedIterator { iter: 0..9 });
+ test_iter(r, ChunkHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..9,
+ chunk_size: 4,
+ chunk_remaining: 4,
+ hint_total_size: false,
+ });
+ test_iter(r, ChunkHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..9,
+ chunk_size: 4,
+ chunk_remaining: 4,
+ hint_total_size: true,
+ });
+ test_iter(r, WindowHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..9,
+ window_size: 2,
+ hint_total_size: false,
+ });
+ test_iter(r, WindowHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..9,
+ window_size: 2,
+ hint_total_size: true,
+ });
+
+ assert_eq!((0..0).choose(r), None);
+ assert_eq!(UnhintedIterator { iter: 0..0 }.choose(r), None);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // Miri is too slow
+ fn test_iterator_choose_stable_stability() {
+ fn test_iter(iter: impl Iterator<Item = usize> + Clone) -> [i32; 9] {
+ let r = &mut crate::test::rng(109);
+ let mut chosen = [0i32; 9];
+ for _ in 0..1000 {
+ let picked = iter.clone().choose_stable(r).unwrap();
+ chosen[picked] += 1;
+ }
+ chosen
+ }
+
+ let reference = test_iter(0..9);
+ assert_eq!(test_iter([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].iter().cloned()), reference);
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+ assert_eq!(test_iter((0..9).collect::<Vec<_>>().into_iter()), reference);
+ assert_eq!(test_iter(UnhintedIterator { iter: 0..9 }), reference);
+ assert_eq!(test_iter(ChunkHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..9,
+ chunk_size: 4,
+ chunk_remaining: 4,
+ hint_total_size: false,
+ }), reference);
+ assert_eq!(test_iter(ChunkHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..9,
+ chunk_size: 4,
+ chunk_remaining: 4,
+ hint_total_size: true,
+ }), reference);
+ assert_eq!(test_iter(WindowHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..9,
+ window_size: 2,
+ hint_total_size: false,
+ }), reference);
+ assert_eq!(test_iter(WindowHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..9,
+ window_size: 2,
+ hint_total_size: true,
+ }), reference);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // Miri is too slow
+ fn test_shuffle() {
+ let mut r = crate::test::rng(108);
+ let empty: &mut [isize] = &mut [];
+ empty.shuffle(&mut r);
+ let mut one = [1];
+ one.shuffle(&mut r);
+ let b: &[_] = &[1];
+ assert_eq!(one, b);
+
+ let mut two = [1, 2];
+ two.shuffle(&mut r);
+ assert!(two == [1, 2] || two == [2, 1]);
+
+ fn move_last(slice: &mut [usize], pos: usize) {
+ // use slice[pos..].rotate_left(1); once we can use that
+ let last_val = slice[pos];
+ for i in pos..slice.len() - 1 {
+ slice[i] = slice[i + 1];
+ }
+ *slice.last_mut().unwrap() = last_val;
+ }
+ let mut counts = [0i32; 24];
+ for _ in 0..10000 {
+ let mut arr: [usize; 4] = [0, 1, 2, 3];
+ arr.shuffle(&mut r);
+ let mut permutation = 0usize;
+ let mut pos_value = counts.len();
+ for i in 0..4 {
+ pos_value /= 4 - i;
+ let pos = arr.iter().position(|&x| x == i).unwrap();
+ assert!(pos < (4 - i));
+ permutation += pos * pos_value;
+ move_last(&mut arr, pos);
+ assert_eq!(arr[3], i);
+ }
+ for (i, &a) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
+ assert_eq!(a, i);
+ }
+ counts[permutation] += 1;
+ }
+ for count in counts.iter() {
+ // Binomial(10000, 1/24) with average 416.667
+ // Octave: binocdf(n, 10000, 1/24)
+ // 99.9% chance samples lie within this range:
+ assert!(352 <= *count && *count <= 483, "count: {}", count);
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_partial_shuffle() {
+ let mut r = crate::test::rng(118);
+
+ let mut empty: [u32; 0] = [];
+ let res = empty.partial_shuffle(&mut r, 10);
+ assert_eq!((res.0.len(), res.1.len()), (0, 0));
+
+ let mut v = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+ let res = v.partial_shuffle(&mut r, 2);
+ assert_eq!((res.0.len(), res.1.len()), (2, 3));
+ assert!(res.0[0] != res.0[1]);
+ // First elements are only modified if selected, so at least one isn't modified:
+ assert!(res.1[0] == 1 || res.1[1] == 2 || res.1[2] == 3);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+ fn test_sample_iter() {
+ let min_val = 1;
+ let max_val = 100;
+
+ let mut r = crate::test::rng(401);
+ let vals = (min_val..max_val).collect::<Vec<i32>>();
+ let small_sample = vals.iter().choose_multiple(&mut r, 5);
+ let large_sample = vals.iter().choose_multiple(&mut r, vals.len() + 5);
+
+ assert_eq!(small_sample.len(), 5);
+ assert_eq!(large_sample.len(), vals.len());
+ // no randomization happens when amount >= len
+ assert_eq!(large_sample, vals.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>());
+
+ assert!(small_sample
+ .iter()
+ .all(|e| { **e >= min_val && **e <= max_val }));
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+ #[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // Miri is too slow
+ fn test_weighted() {
+ let mut r = crate::test::rng(406);
+ const N_REPS: u32 = 3000;
+ let weights = [1u32, 2, 3, 0, 5, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7];
+ let total_weight = weights.iter().sum::<u32>() as f32;
+
+ let verify = |result: [i32; 14]| {
+ for (i, count) in result.iter().enumerate() {
+ let exp = (weights[i] * N_REPS) as f32 / total_weight;
+ let mut err = (*count as f32 - exp).abs();
+ if err != 0.0 {
+ err /= exp;
+ }
+ assert!(err <= 0.25);
+ }
+ };
+
+ // choose_weighted
+ fn get_weight<T>(item: &(u32, T)) -> u32 {
+ item.0
+ }
+ let mut chosen = [0i32; 14];
+ let mut items = [(0u32, 0usize); 14]; // (weight, index)
+ for (i, item) in items.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+ *item = (weights[i], i);
+ }
+ for _ in 0..N_REPS {
+ let item = items.choose_weighted(&mut r, get_weight).unwrap();
+ chosen[item.1] += 1;
+ }
+ verify(chosen);
+
+ // choose_weighted_mut
+ let mut items = [(0u32, 0i32); 14]; // (weight, count)
+ for (i, item) in items.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+ *item = (weights[i], 0);
+ }
+ for _ in 0..N_REPS {
+ items.choose_weighted_mut(&mut r, get_weight).unwrap().1 += 1;
+ }
+ for (ch, item) in chosen.iter_mut().zip(items.iter()) {
+ *ch = item.1;
+ }
+ verify(chosen);
+
+ // Check error cases
+ let empty_slice = &mut [10][0..0];
+ assert_eq!(
+ empty_slice.choose_weighted(&mut r, |_| 1),
+ Err(WeightedError::NoItem)
+ );
+ assert_eq!(
+ empty_slice.choose_weighted_mut(&mut r, |_| 1),
+ Err(WeightedError::NoItem)
+ );
+ assert_eq!(
+ ['x'].choose_weighted_mut(&mut r, |_| 0),
+ Err(WeightedError::AllWeightsZero)
+ );
+ assert_eq!(
+ [0, -1].choose_weighted_mut(&mut r, |x| *x),
+ Err(WeightedError::InvalidWeight)
+ );
+ assert_eq!(
+ [-1, 0].choose_weighted_mut(&mut r, |x| *x),
+ Err(WeightedError::InvalidWeight)
+ );
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn value_stability_choose() {
+ fn choose<I: Iterator<Item = u32>>(iter: I) -> Option<u32> {
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(411);
+ iter.choose(&mut rng)
+ }
+
+ assert_eq!(choose([].iter().cloned()), None);
+ assert_eq!(choose(0..100), Some(33));
+ assert_eq!(choose(UnhintedIterator { iter: 0..100 }), Some(40));
+ assert_eq!(
+ choose(ChunkHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..100,
+ chunk_size: 32,
+ chunk_remaining: 32,
+ hint_total_size: false,
+ }),
+ Some(39)
+ );
+ assert_eq!(
+ choose(ChunkHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..100,
+ chunk_size: 32,
+ chunk_remaining: 32,
+ hint_total_size: true,
+ }),
+ Some(39)
+ );
+ assert_eq!(
+ choose(WindowHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..100,
+ window_size: 32,
+ hint_total_size: false,
+ }),
+ Some(90)
+ );
+ assert_eq!(
+ choose(WindowHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..100,
+ window_size: 32,
+ hint_total_size: true,
+ }),
+ Some(90)
+ );
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn value_stability_choose_stable() {
+ fn choose<I: Iterator<Item = u32>>(iter: I) -> Option<u32> {
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(411);
+ iter.choose_stable(&mut rng)
+ }
+
+ assert_eq!(choose([].iter().cloned()), None);
+ assert_eq!(choose(0..100), Some(40));
+ assert_eq!(choose(UnhintedIterator { iter: 0..100 }), Some(40));
+ assert_eq!(
+ choose(ChunkHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..100,
+ chunk_size: 32,
+ chunk_remaining: 32,
+ hint_total_size: false,
+ }),
+ Some(40)
+ );
+ assert_eq!(
+ choose(ChunkHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..100,
+ chunk_size: 32,
+ chunk_remaining: 32,
+ hint_total_size: true,
+ }),
+ Some(40)
+ );
+ assert_eq!(
+ choose(WindowHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..100,
+ window_size: 32,
+ hint_total_size: false,
+ }),
+ Some(40)
+ );
+ assert_eq!(
+ choose(WindowHintedIterator {
+ iter: 0..100,
+ window_size: 32,
+ hint_total_size: true,
+ }),
+ Some(40)
+ );
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn value_stability_choose_multiple() {
+ fn do_test<I: Iterator<Item = u32>>(iter: I, v: &[u32]) {
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(412);
+ let mut buf = [0u32; 8];
+ assert_eq!(iter.choose_multiple_fill(&mut rng, &mut buf), v.len());
+ assert_eq!(&buf[0..v.len()], v);
+ }
+
+ do_test(0..4, &[0, 1, 2, 3]);
+ do_test(0..8, &[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
+ do_test(0..100, &[58, 78, 80, 92, 43, 8, 96, 7]);
+
+ #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+ {
+ fn do_test<I: Iterator<Item = u32>>(iter: I, v: &[u32]) {
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(412);
+ assert_eq!(iter.choose_multiple(&mut rng, v.len()), v);
+ }
+
+ do_test(0..4, &[0, 1, 2, 3]);
+ do_test(0..8, &[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
+ do_test(0..100, &[58, 78, 80, 92, 43, 8, 96, 7]);
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+ fn test_multiple_weighted_edge_cases() {
+ use super::*;
+
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(413);
+
+ // Case 1: One of the weights is 0
+ let choices = [('a', 2), ('b', 1), ('c', 0)];
+ for _ in 0..100 {
+ let result = choices
+ .choose_multiple_weighted(&mut rng, 2, |item| item.1)
+ .unwrap()
+ .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+ assert_eq!(result.len(), 2);
+ assert!(!result.iter().any(|val| val.0 == 'c'));
+ }
+
+ // Case 2: All of the weights are 0
+ let choices = [('a', 0), ('b', 0), ('c', 0)];
+
+ assert_eq!(choices
+ .choose_multiple_weighted(&mut rng, 2, |item| item.1)
+ .unwrap().count(), 2);
+
+ // Case 3: Negative weights
+ let choices = [('a', -1), ('b', 1), ('c', 1)];
+ assert_eq!(
+ choices
+ .choose_multiple_weighted(&mut rng, 2, |item| item.1)
+ .unwrap_err(),
+ WeightedError::InvalidWeight
+ );
+
+ // Case 4: Empty list
+ let choices = [];
+ assert_eq!(choices
+ .choose_multiple_weighted(&mut rng, 0, |_: &()| 0)
+ .unwrap().count(), 0);
+
+ // Case 5: NaN weights
+ let choices = [('a', core::f64::NAN), ('b', 1.0), ('c', 1.0)];
+ assert_eq!(
+ choices
+ .choose_multiple_weighted(&mut rng, 2, |item| item.1)
+ .unwrap_err(),
+ WeightedError::InvalidWeight
+ );
+
+ // Case 6: +infinity weights
+ let choices = [('a', core::f64::INFINITY), ('b', 1.0), ('c', 1.0)];
+ for _ in 0..100 {
+ let result = choices
+ .choose_multiple_weighted(&mut rng, 2, |item| item.1)
+ .unwrap()
+ .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+ assert_eq!(result.len(), 2);
+ assert!(result.iter().any(|val| val.0 == 'a'));
+ }
+
+ // Case 7: -infinity weights
+ let choices = [('a', core::f64::NEG_INFINITY), ('b', 1.0), ('c', 1.0)];
+ assert_eq!(
+ choices
+ .choose_multiple_weighted(&mut rng, 2, |item| item.1)
+ .unwrap_err(),
+ WeightedError::InvalidWeight
+ );
+
+ // Case 8: -0 weights
+ let choices = [('a', -0.0), ('b', 1.0), ('c', 1.0)];
+ assert!(choices
+ .choose_multiple_weighted(&mut rng, 2, |item| item.1)
+ .is_ok());
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+ fn test_multiple_weighted_distributions() {
+ use super::*;
+
+ // The theoretical probabilities of the different outcomes are:
+ // AB: 0.5 * 0.5 = 0.250
+ // AC: 0.5 * 0.5 = 0.250
+ // BA: 0.25 * 0.67 = 0.167
+ // BC: 0.25 * 0.33 = 0.082
+ // CA: 0.25 * 0.67 = 0.167
+ // CB: 0.25 * 0.33 = 0.082
+ let choices = [('a', 2), ('b', 1), ('c', 1)];
+ let mut rng = crate::test::rng(414);
+
+ let mut results = [0i32; 3];
+ let expected_results = [4167, 4167, 1666];
+ for _ in 0..10000 {
+ let result = choices
+ .choose_multiple_weighted(&mut rng, 2, |item| item.1)
+ .unwrap()
+ .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+ assert_eq!(result.len(), 2);
+
+ match (result[0].0, result[1].0) {
+ ('a', 'b') | ('b', 'a') => {
+ results[0] += 1;
+ }
+ ('a', 'c') | ('c', 'a') => {
+ results[1] += 1;
+ }
+ ('b', 'c') | ('c', 'b') => {
+ results[2] += 1;
+ }
+ (_, _) => panic!("unexpected result"),
+ }
+ }
+
+ let mut diffs = results
+ .iter()
+ .zip(&expected_results)
+ .map(|(a, b)| (a - b).abs());
+ assert!(!diffs.any(|deviation| deviation > 100));
+ }
+}