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diff --git a/Documentation/git-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-pull.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e14f8b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/git-pull.txt @@ -0,0 +1,254 @@ +git-pull(1) +=========== + +NAME +---- +git-pull - Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch + + +SYNOPSIS +-------- +[verse] +'git pull' [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]] + + +DESCRIPTION +----------- + +Incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current branch. +If the current branch is behind the remote, then by default it will +fast-forward the current branch to match the remote. If the current +branch and the remote have diverged, the user needs to specify how to +reconcile the divergent branches with `--rebase` or `--no-rebase` (or +the corresponding configuration option in `pull.rebase`). + +More precisely, `git pull` runs `git fetch` with the given parameters +and then depending on configuration options or command line flags, +will call either `git rebase` or `git merge` to reconcile diverging +branches. + +<repository> should be the name of a remote repository as +passed to linkgit:git-fetch[1]. <refspec> can name an +arbitrary remote ref (for example, the name of a tag) or even +a collection of refs with corresponding remote-tracking branches +(e.g., refs/heads/{asterisk}:refs/remotes/origin/{asterisk}), +but usually it is the name of a branch in the remote repository. + +Default values for <repository> and <branch> are read from the +"remote" and "merge" configuration for the current branch +as set by linkgit:git-branch[1] `--track`. + +Assume the following history exists and the current branch is +"`master`": + +------------ + A---B---C master on origin + / + D---E---F---G master + ^ + origin/master in your repository +------------ + +Then "`git pull`" will fetch and replay the changes from the remote +`master` branch since it diverged from the local `master` (i.e., `E`) +until its current commit (`C`) on top of `master` and record the +result in a new commit along with the names of the two parent commits +and a log message from the user describing the changes. + +------------ + A---B---C origin/master + / \ + D---E---F---G---H master +------------ + +See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details, including how conflicts +are presented and handled. + +In Git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use +`git reset --merge`. *Warning*: In older versions of Git, running 'git pull' +with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you +in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict. + +If any of the remote changes overlap with local uncommitted changes, +the merge will be automatically canceled and the work tree untouched. +It is generally best to get any local changes in working order before +pulling or stash them away with linkgit:git-stash[1]. + +OPTIONS +------- + +-q:: +--quiet:: + This is passed to both underlying git-fetch to squelch reporting of + during transfer, and underlying git-merge to squelch output during + merging. + +-v:: +--verbose:: + Pass --verbose to git-fetch and git-merge. + +--[no-]recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]:: + This option controls if new commits of populated submodules should + be fetched, and if the working trees of active submodules should be + updated, too (see linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-config[1] and + linkgit:gitmodules[5]). ++ +If the checkout is done via rebase, local submodule commits are rebased as well. ++ +If the update is done via merge, the submodule conflicts are resolved and checked out. + +Options related to merging +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +:git-pull: 1 + +include::merge-options.txt[] + +-r:: +--rebase[=false|true|merges|interactive]:: + When true, rebase the current branch on top of the upstream + branch after fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch + corresponding to the upstream branch and the upstream branch + was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information + to avoid rebasing non-local changes. ++ +When set to `merges`, rebase using `git rebase --rebase-merges` so that +the local merge commits are included in the rebase (see +linkgit:git-rebase[1] for details). ++ +When false, merge the upstream branch into the current branch. ++ +When `interactive`, enable the interactive mode of rebase. ++ +See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autoSetupRebase` in +linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make `git pull` always use +`--rebase` instead of merging. ++ +[NOTE] +This is a potentially _dangerous_ mode of operation. +It rewrites history, which does not bode well when you +published that history already. Do *not* use this option +unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully. + +--no-rebase:: + This is shorthand for --rebase=false. + +Options related to fetching +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +include::fetch-options.txt[] + +include::pull-fetch-param.txt[] + +include::urls-remotes.txt[] + +include::merge-strategies.txt[] + +DEFAULT BEHAVIOUR +----------------- + +Often people use `git pull` without giving any parameter. +Traditionally, this has been equivalent to saying `git pull +origin`. However, when configuration `branch.<name>.remote` is +present while on branch `<name>`, that value is used instead of +`origin`. + +In order to determine what URL to use to fetch from, the value +of the configuration `remote.<origin>.url` is consulted +and if there is not any such variable, the value on the `URL:` line +in `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` is used. + +In order to determine what remote branches to fetch (and +optionally store in the remote-tracking branches) when the command is +run without any refspec parameters on the command line, values +of the configuration variable `remote.<origin>.fetch` are +consulted, and if there aren't any, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` +is consulted and its `Pull:` lines are used. +In addition to the refspec formats described in the OPTIONS +section, you can have a globbing refspec that looks like this: + +------------ +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* +------------ + +A globbing refspec must have a non-empty RHS (i.e. must store +what were fetched in remote-tracking branches), and its LHS and RHS +must end with `/*`. The above specifies that all remote +branches are tracked using remote-tracking branches in +`refs/remotes/origin/` hierarchy under the same name. + +The rule to determine which remote branch to merge after +fetching is a bit involved, in order not to break backward +compatibility. + +If explicit refspecs were given on the command +line of `git pull`, they are all merged. + +When no refspec was given on the command line, then `git pull` +uses the refspec from the configuration or +`$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`. In such cases, the following +rules apply: + +. If `branch.<name>.merge` configuration for the current + branch `<name>` exists, that is the name of the branch at the + remote site that is merged. + +. If the refspec is a globbing one, nothing is merged. + +. Otherwise the remote branch of the first refspec is merged. + + +EXAMPLES +-------- + +* Update the remote-tracking branches for the repository + you cloned from, then merge one of them into your + current branch: ++ +------------------------------------------------ +$ git pull +$ git pull origin +------------------------------------------------ ++ +Normally the branch merged in is the HEAD of the remote repository, +but the choice is determined by the branch.<name>.remote and +branch.<name>.merge options; see linkgit:git-config[1] for details. + +* Merge into the current branch the remote branch `next`: ++ +------------------------------------------------ +$ git pull origin next +------------------------------------------------ ++ +This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, and +updates the remote-tracking branch `origin/next`. +The same can be done by invoking fetch and merge: ++ +------------------------------------------------ +$ git fetch origin +$ git merge origin/next +------------------------------------------------ + + +If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and +would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'. + + +include::transfer-data-leaks.txt[] + +BUGS +---- +Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked +out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the +just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself cannot be +fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without +having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git +version. + +SEE ALSO +-------- +linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-merge[1], linkgit:git-config[1] + +GIT +--- +Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite |