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+git-rev-parse(1)
+================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-rev-parse - Pick out and massage parameters
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git rev-parse' [<options>] <args>...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Many Git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
+(i.e. parameters that begin with a dash '-') and parameters
+meant for the underlying 'git rev-list' command they use internally
+and flags and parameters for the other commands they use
+downstream of 'git rev-list'. This command is used to
+distinguish between them.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+Operation Modes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Each of these options must appear first on the command line.
+
+--parseopt::
+ Use 'git rev-parse' in option parsing mode (see PARSEOPT section below).
+
+--sq-quote::
+ Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE
+ section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this
+ mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input.
+
+Options for --parseopt
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+--keep-dashdash::
+ Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Tells the option parser to echo
+ out the first `--` met instead of skipping it.
+
+--stop-at-non-option::
+ Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Lets the option parser stop at
+ the first non-option argument. This can be used to parse sub-commands
+ that take options themselves.
+
+--stuck-long::
+ Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Output the options in their
+ long form if available, and with their arguments stuck.
+
+Options for Filtering
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+--revs-only::
+ Do not output flags and parameters not meant for
+ 'git rev-list' command.
+
+--no-revs::
+ Do not output flags and parameters meant for
+ 'git rev-list' command.
+
+--flags::
+ Do not output non-flag parameters.
+
+--no-flags::
+ Do not output flag parameters.
+
+Options for Output
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+--default <arg>::
+ If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>`
+ instead.
+
+--prefix <arg>::
+ Behave as if 'git rev-parse' was invoked from the `<arg>`
+ subdirectory of the working tree. Any relative filenames are
+ resolved as if they are prefixed by `<arg>` and will be printed
+ in that form.
++
+This can be used to convert arguments to a command run in a subdirectory
+so that they can still be used after moving to the top-level of the
+repository. For example:
++
+----
+prefix=$(git rev-parse --show-prefix)
+cd "$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)"
+# rev-parse provides the -- needed for 'set'
+eval "set $(git rev-parse --sq --prefix "$prefix" -- "$@")"
+----
+
+--verify::
+ Verify that exactly one parameter is provided, and that it
+ can be turned into a raw 20-byte SHA-1 that can be used to
+ access the object database. If so, emit it to the standard
+ output; otherwise, error out.
++
+If you want to make sure that the output actually names an object in
+your object database and/or can be used as a specific type of object
+you require, you can add the `^{type}` peeling operator to the parameter.
+For example, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{commit}"` will make sure `$VAR`
+names an existing object that is a commit-ish (i.e. a commit, or an
+annotated tag that points at a commit). To make sure that `$VAR`
+names an existing object of any type, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{object}"`
+can be used.
++
+Note that if you are verifying a name from an untrusted source, it is
+wise to use `--end-of-options` so that the name argument is not mistaken
+for another option.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+ Only meaningful in `--verify` mode. Do not output an error
+ message if the first argument is not a valid object name;
+ instead exit with non-zero status silently.
+ SHA-1s for valid object names are printed to stdout on success.
+
+--sq::
+ Usually the output is made one line per flag and
+ parameter. This option makes output a single line,
+ properly quoted for consumption by shell. Useful when
+ you expect your parameter to contain whitespaces and
+ newlines (e.g. when using pickaxe `-S` with
+ 'git diff-{asterisk}'). In contrast to the `--sq-quote` option,
+ the command input is still interpreted as usual.
+
+--short[=length]::
+ Same as `--verify` but shortens the object name to a unique
+ prefix with at least `length` characters. The minimum length
+ is 4, the default is the effective value of the `core.abbrev`
+ configuration variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+
+--not::
+ When showing object names, prefix them with '{caret}' and
+ strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have
+ one.
+
+--abbrev-ref[=(strict|loose)]::
+ A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name.
+ The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
+ abbreviation mode.
+
+--symbolic::
+ Usually the object names are output in SHA-1 form (with
+ possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a
+ form as close to the original input as possible.
+
+--symbolic-full-name::
+ This is similar to --symbolic, but it omits input that
+ are not refs (i.e. branch or tag names; or more
+ explicitly disambiguating "heads/master" form, when you
+ want to name the "master" branch when there is an
+ unfortunately named tag "master"), and show them as full
+ refnames (e.g. "refs/heads/master").
+
+Options for Objects
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+--all::
+ Show all refs found in `refs/`.
+
+--branches[=pattern]::
+--tags[=pattern]::
+--remotes[=pattern]::
+ Show all branches, tags, or remote-tracking branches,
+ respectively (i.e., refs found in `refs/heads`,
+ `refs/tags`, or `refs/remotes`, respectively).
++
+If a `pattern` is given, only refs matching the given shell glob are
+shown. If the pattern does not contain a globbing character (`?`,
+`*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix match by appending `/*`.
+
+--glob=pattern::
+ Show all refs matching the shell glob pattern `pattern`. If
+ the pattern does not start with `refs/`, this is automatically
+ prepended. If the pattern does not contain a globbing
+ character (`?`, `*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix
+ match by appending `/*`.
+
+--exclude=<glob-pattern>::
+ Do not include refs matching '<glob-pattern>' that the next `--all`,
+ `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or `--glob` would otherwise
+ consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns
+ up to the next `--all`, `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or
+ `--glob` option (other options or arguments do not clear
+ accumulated patterns).
++
+The patterns given should not begin with `refs/heads`, `refs/tags`, or
+`refs/remotes` when applied to `--branches`, `--tags`, or `--remotes`,
+respectively, and they must begin with `refs/` when applied to `--glob`
+or `--all`. If a trailing '/{asterisk}' is intended, it must be given
+explicitly.
+
+--exclude-hidden=[receive|uploadpack]::
+ Do not include refs that would be hidden by `git-receive-pack` or
+ `git-upload-pack` by consulting the appropriate `receive.hideRefs` or
+ `uploadpack.hideRefs` configuration along with `transfer.hideRefs` (see
+ linkgit:git-config[1]). This option affects the next pseudo-ref option
+ `--all` or `--glob` and is cleared after processing them.
+
+--disambiguate=<prefix>::
+ Show every object whose name begins with the given prefix.
+ The <prefix> must be at least 4 hexadecimal digits long to
+ avoid listing each and every object in the repository by
+ mistake.
+
+Options for Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+--local-env-vars::
+ List the GIT_* environment variables that are local to the
+ repository (e.g. GIT_DIR or GIT_WORK_TREE, but not GIT_EDITOR).
+ Only the names of the variables are listed, not their value,
+ even if they are set.
+
+--path-format=(absolute|relative)::
+ Controls the behavior of certain other options. If specified as absolute, the
+ paths printed by those options will be absolute and canonical. If specified as
+ relative, the paths will be relative to the current working directory if that
+ is possible. The default is option specific.
++
+This option may be specified multiple times and affects only the arguments that
+follow it on the command line, either to the end of the command line or the next
+instance of this option.
+
+The following options are modified by `--path-format`:
+
+--git-dir::
+ Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined. Otherwise show the path to
+ the .git directory. The path shown, when relative, is
+ relative to the current working directory.
++
+If `$GIT_DIR` is not defined and the current directory
+is not detected to lie in a Git repository or work tree
+print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status.
+
+--git-common-dir::
+ Show `$GIT_COMMON_DIR` if defined, else `$GIT_DIR`.
+
+--resolve-git-dir <path>::
+ Check if <path> is a valid repository or a gitfile that
+ points at a valid repository, and print the location of the
+ repository. If <path> is a gitfile then the resolved path
+ to the real repository is printed.
+
+--git-path <path>::
+ Resolve "$GIT_DIR/<path>" and takes other path relocation
+ variables such as $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY,
+ $GIT_INDEX_FILE... into account. For example, if
+ $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY is set to /foo/bar then "git rev-parse
+ --git-path objects/abc" returns /foo/bar/abc.
+
+--show-toplevel::
+ Show the (by default, absolute) path of the top-level directory
+ of the working tree. If there is no working tree, report an error.
+
+--show-superproject-working-tree::
+ Show the absolute path of the root of the superproject's
+ working tree (if exists) that uses the current repository as
+ its submodule. Outputs nothing if the current repository is
+ not used as a submodule by any project.
+
+--shared-index-path::
+ Show the path to the shared index file in split index mode, or
+ empty if not in split-index mode.
+
+The following options are unaffected by `--path-format`:
+
+--absolute-git-dir::
+ Like `--git-dir`, but its output is always the canonicalized
+ absolute path.
+
+--is-inside-git-dir::
+ When the current working directory is below the repository
+ directory print "true", otherwise "false".
+
+--is-inside-work-tree::
+ When the current working directory is inside the work tree of the
+ repository print "true", otherwise "false".
+
+--is-bare-repository::
+ When the repository is bare print "true", otherwise "false".
+
+--is-shallow-repository::
+ When the repository is shallow print "true", otherwise "false".
+
+--show-cdup::
+ When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
+ path of the top-level directory relative to the current
+ directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
+
+--show-prefix::
+ When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
+ path of the current directory relative to the top-level
+ directory.
+
+--show-object-format[=(storage|input|output)]::
+ Show the object format (hash algorithm) used for the repository
+ for storage inside the `.git` directory, input, or output. For
+ input, multiple algorithms may be printed, space-separated.
+ If not specified, the default is "storage".
+
+
+Other Options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+--since=datestring::
+--after=datestring::
+ Parse the date string, and output the corresponding
+ --max-age= parameter for 'git rev-list'.
+
+--until=datestring::
+--before=datestring::
+ Parse the date string, and output the corresponding
+ --min-age= parameter for 'git rev-list'.
+
+<args>...::
+ Flags and parameters to be parsed.
+
+
+include::revisions.txt[]
+
+PARSEOPT
+--------
+
+In `--parseopt` mode, 'git rev-parse' helps massaging options to bring to shell
+scripts the same facilities C builtins have. It works as an option normalizer
+(e.g. splits single switches aggregate values), a bit like `getopt(1)` does.
+
+It takes on the standard input the specification of the options to parse and
+understand, and echoes on the standard output a string suitable for `sh(1)` `eval`
+to replace the arguments with normalized ones. In case of error, it outputs
+usage on the standard error stream, and exits with code 129.
+
+Note: Make sure you quote the result when passing it to `eval`. See
+below for an example.
+
+Input Format
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+'git rev-parse --parseopt' input format is fully text based. It has two parts,
+separated by a line that contains only `--`. The lines before the separator
+(should be one or more) are used for the usage.
+The lines after the separator describe the options.
+
+Each line of options has this format:
+
+------------
+<opt-spec><flags>*<arg-hint>? SP+ help LF
+------------
+
+`<opt-spec>`::
+ its format is the short option character, then the long option name
+ separated by a comma. Both parts are not required, though at least one
+ is necessary. May not contain any of the `<flags>` characters.
+ `h,help`, `dry-run` and `f` are examples of correct `<opt-spec>`.
+
+`<flags>`::
+ `<flags>` are of `*`, `=`, `?` or `!`.
+ * Use `=` if the option takes an argument.
+
+ * Use `?` to mean that the option takes an optional argument. You
+ probably want to use the `--stuck-long` mode to be able to
+ unambiguously parse the optional argument.
+
+ * Use `*` to mean that this option should not be listed in the usage
+ generated for the `-h` argument. It's shown for `--help-all` as
+ documented in linkgit:gitcli[7].
+
+ * Use `!` to not make the corresponding negated long option available.
+
+`<arg-hint>`::
+ `<arg-hint>`, if specified, is used as a name of the argument in the
+ help output, for options that take arguments. `<arg-hint>` is
+ terminated by the first whitespace. It is customary to use a
+ dash to separate words in a multi-word argument hint.
+
+The remainder of the line, after stripping the spaces, is used
+as the help associated to the option.
+
+Blank lines are ignored, and lines that don't match this specification are used
+as option group headers (start the line with a space to create such
+lines on purpose).
+
+Example
+~~~~~~~
+
+------------
+OPTS_SPEC="\
+some-command [<options>] <args>...
+
+some-command does foo and bar!
+--
+h,help show the help
+
+foo some nifty option --foo
+bar= some cool option --bar with an argument
+baz=arg another cool option --baz with a named argument
+qux?path qux may take a path argument but has meaning by itself
+
+ An option group Header
+C? option C with an optional argument"
+
+eval "$(echo "$OPTS_SPEC" | git rev-parse --parseopt -- "$@" || echo exit $?)"
+------------
+
+
+Usage text
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When `"$@"` is `-h` or `--help` in the above example, the following
+usage text would be shown:
+
+------------
+usage: some-command [<options>] <args>...
+
+ some-command does foo and bar!
+
+ -h, --help show the help
+ --foo some nifty option --foo
+ --bar ... some cool option --bar with an argument
+ --baz <arg> another cool option --baz with a named argument
+ --qux[=<path>] qux may take a path argument but has meaning by itself
+
+An option group Header
+ -C[...] option C with an optional argument
+------------
+
+SQ-QUOTE
+--------
+
+In `--sq-quote` mode, 'git rev-parse' echoes on the standard output a
+single line suitable for `sh(1)` `eval`. This line is made by
+normalizing the arguments following `--sq-quote`. Nothing other than
+quoting the arguments is done.
+
+If you want command input to still be interpreted as usual by
+'git rev-parse' before the output is shell quoted, see the `--sq`
+option.
+
+Example
+~~~~~~~
+
+------------
+$ cat >your-git-script.sh <<\EOF
+#!/bin/sh
+args=$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$@") # quote user-supplied arguments
+command="git frotz -n24 $args" # and use it inside a handcrafted
+ # command line
+eval "$command"
+EOF
+
+$ sh your-git-script.sh "a b'c"
+------------
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+* Print the object name of the current commit:
++
+------------
+$ git rev-parse --verify HEAD
+------------
+
+* Print the commit object name from the revision in the $REV shell variable:
++
+------------
+$ git rev-parse --verify --end-of-options $REV^{commit}
+------------
++
+This will error out if $REV is empty or not a valid revision.
+
+* Similar to above:
++
+------------
+$ git rev-parse --default master --verify --end-of-options $REV
+------------
++
+but if $REV is empty, the commit object name from master will be printed.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite