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diff --git a/Documentation/githooks.txt b/Documentation/githooks.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a16e62b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/githooks.txt @@ -0,0 +1,707 @@ +githooks(5) +=========== + +NAME +---- +githooks - Hooks used by Git + +SYNOPSIS +-------- +$GIT_DIR/hooks/* (or \`git config core.hooksPath`/*) + + +DESCRIPTION +----------- + +Hooks are programs you can place in a hooks directory to trigger +actions at certain points in git's execution. Hooks that don't have +the executable bit set are ignored. + +By default the hooks directory is `$GIT_DIR/hooks`, but that can be +changed via the `core.hooksPath` configuration variable (see +linkgit:git-config[1]). + +Before Git invokes a hook, it changes its working directory to either +$GIT_DIR in a bare repository or the root of the working tree in a non-bare +repository. An exception are hooks triggered during a push ('pre-receive', +'update', 'post-receive', 'post-update', 'push-to-checkout') which are always +executed in $GIT_DIR. + +Hooks can get their arguments via the environment, command-line +arguments, and stdin. See the documentation for each hook below for +details. + +`git init` may copy hooks to the new repository, depending on its +configuration. See the "TEMPLATE DIRECTORY" section in +linkgit:git-init[1] for details. When the rest of this document refers +to "default hooks" it's talking about the default template shipped +with Git. + +The currently supported hooks are described below. + +HOOKS +----- + +applypatch-msg +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-am[1]. It takes a single +parameter, the name of the file that holds the proposed commit +log message. Exiting with a non-zero status causes `git am` to abort +before applying the patch. + +The hook is allowed to edit the message file in place, and can +be used to normalize the message into some project standard +format. It can also be used to refuse the commit after inspecting +the message file. + +The default 'applypatch-msg' hook, when enabled, runs the +'commit-msg' hook, if the latter is enabled. + +pre-applypatch +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-am[1]. It takes no parameter, and is +invoked after the patch is applied, but before a commit is made. + +If it exits with non-zero status, then the working tree will not be +committed after applying the patch. + +It can be used to inspect the current working tree and refuse to +make a commit if it does not pass certain test. + +The default 'pre-applypatch' hook, when enabled, runs the +'pre-commit' hook, if the latter is enabled. + +post-applypatch +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-am[1]. It takes no parameter, +and is invoked after the patch is applied and a commit is made. + +This hook is meant primarily for notification, and cannot affect +the outcome of `git am`. + +pre-commit +~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-commit[1], and can be bypassed +with the `--no-verify` option. It takes no parameters, and is +invoked before obtaining the proposed commit log message and +making a commit. Exiting with a non-zero status from this script +causes the `git commit` command to abort before creating a commit. + +The default 'pre-commit' hook, when enabled, catches introduction +of lines with trailing whitespaces and aborts the commit when +such a line is found. + +All the `git commit` hooks are invoked with the environment +variable `GIT_EDITOR=:` if the command will not bring up an editor +to modify the commit message. + +The default 'pre-commit' hook, when enabled--and with the +`hooks.allownonascii` config option unset or set to false--prevents +the use of non-ASCII filenames. + +pre-merge-commit +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-merge[1], and can be bypassed +with the `--no-verify` option. It takes no parameters, and is +invoked after the merge has been carried out successfully and before +obtaining the proposed commit log message to +make a commit. Exiting with a non-zero status from this script +causes the `git merge` command to abort before creating a commit. + +The default 'pre-merge-commit' hook, when enabled, runs the +'pre-commit' hook, if the latter is enabled. + +This hook is invoked with the environment variable +`GIT_EDITOR=:` if the command will not bring up an editor +to modify the commit message. + +If the merge cannot be carried out automatically, the conflicts +need to be resolved and the result committed separately (see +linkgit:git-merge[1]). At that point, this hook will not be executed, +but the 'pre-commit' hook will, if it is enabled. + +prepare-commit-msg +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-commit[1] right after preparing the +default log message, and before the editor is started. + +It takes one to three parameters. The first is the name of the file +that contains the commit log message. The second is the source of the commit +message, and can be: `message` (if a `-m` or `-F` option was +given); `template` (if a `-t` option was given or the +configuration option `commit.template` is set); `merge` (if the +commit is a merge or a `.git/MERGE_MSG` file exists); `squash` +(if a `.git/SQUASH_MSG` file exists); or `commit`, followed by +a commit object name (if a `-c`, `-C` or `--amend` option was given). + +If the exit status is non-zero, `git commit` will abort. + +The purpose of the hook is to edit the message file in place, and +it is not suppressed by the `--no-verify` option. A non-zero exit +means a failure of the hook and aborts the commit. It should not +be used as replacement for pre-commit hook. + +The sample `prepare-commit-msg` hook that comes with Git removes the +help message found in the commented portion of the commit template. + +commit-msg +~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-commit[1] and linkgit:git-merge[1], and can be +bypassed with the `--no-verify` option. It takes a single parameter, +the name of the file that holds the proposed commit log message. +Exiting with a non-zero status causes the command to abort. + +The hook is allowed to edit the message file in place, and can be used +to normalize the message into some project standard format. It +can also be used to refuse the commit after inspecting the message +file. + +The default 'commit-msg' hook, when enabled, detects duplicate +`Signed-off-by` trailers, and aborts the commit if one is found. + +post-commit +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-commit[1]. It takes no parameters, and is +invoked after a commit is made. + +This hook is meant primarily for notification, and cannot affect +the outcome of `git commit`. + +pre-rebase +~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is called by linkgit:git-rebase[1] and can be used to prevent a +branch from getting rebased. The hook may be called with one or +two parameters. The first parameter is the upstream from which +the series was forked. The second parameter is the branch being +rebased, and is not set when rebasing the current branch. + +post-checkout +~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked when a linkgit:git-checkout[1] or +linkgit:git-switch[1] is run after having updated the +worktree. The hook is given three parameters: the ref of the previous HEAD, +the ref of the new HEAD (which may or may not have changed), and a flag +indicating whether the checkout was a branch checkout (changing branches, +flag=1) or a file checkout (retrieving a file from the index, flag=0). +This hook cannot affect the outcome of `git switch` or `git checkout`, +other than that the hook's exit status becomes the exit status of +these two commands. + +It is also run after linkgit:git-clone[1], unless the `--no-checkout` (`-n`) option is +used. The first parameter given to the hook is the null-ref, the second the +ref of the new HEAD and the flag is always 1. Likewise for `git worktree add` +unless `--no-checkout` is used. + +This hook can be used to perform repository validity checks, auto-display +differences from the previous HEAD if different, or set working dir metadata +properties. + +post-merge +~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-merge[1], which happens when a `git pull` +is done on a local repository. The hook takes a single parameter, a status +flag specifying whether or not the merge being done was a squash merge. +This hook cannot affect the outcome of `git merge` and is not executed, +if the merge failed due to conflicts. + +This hook can be used in conjunction with a corresponding pre-commit hook to +save and restore any form of metadata associated with the working tree +(e.g.: permissions/ownership, ACLS, etc). See contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl +for an example of how to do this. + +pre-push +~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is called by linkgit:git-push[1] and can be used to prevent +a push from taking place. The hook is called with two parameters +which provide the name and location of the destination remote, if a +named remote is not being used both values will be the same. + +Information about what is to be pushed is provided on the hook's standard +input with lines of the form: + + <local ref> SP <local object name> SP <remote ref> SP <remote object name> LF + +For instance, if the command +git push origin master:foreign+ were run the +hook would receive a line like the following: + + refs/heads/master 67890 refs/heads/foreign 12345 + +although the full object name would be supplied. If the foreign ref does not +yet exist the `<remote object name>` will be the all-zeroes object name. If a +ref is to be deleted, the `<local ref>` will be supplied as `(delete)` and the +`<local object name>` will be the all-zeroes object name. If the local commit +was specified by something other than a name which could be expanded (such as +`HEAD~`, or an object name) it will be supplied as it was originally given. + +If this hook exits with a non-zero status, `git push` will abort without +pushing anything. Information about why the push is rejected may be sent +to the user by writing to standard error. + +[[pre-receive]] +pre-receive +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to +`git push` and updates reference(s) in its repository. +Just before starting to update refs on the remote repository, the +pre-receive hook is invoked. Its exit status determines the success +or failure of the update. + +This hook executes once for the receive operation. It takes no +arguments, but for each ref to be updated it receives on standard +input a line of the format: + + <old-value> SP <new-value> SP <ref-name> LF + +where `<old-value>` is the old object name stored in the ref, +`<new-value>` is the new object name to be stored in the ref and +`<ref-name>` is the full name of the ref. +When creating a new ref, `<old-value>` is the all-zeroes object name. + +If the hook exits with non-zero status, none of the refs will be +updated. If the hook exits with zero, updating of individual refs can +still be prevented by the <<update,'update'>> hook. + +Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to +`git send-pack` on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages +for the user. + +The number of push options given on the command line of +`git push --push-option=...` can be read from the environment +variable `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT`, and the options themselves are +found in `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_0`, `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_1`,... +If it is negotiated to not use the push options phase, the +environment variables will not be set. If the client selects +to use push options, but doesn't transmit any, the count variable +will be set to zero, `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT=0`. + +See the section on "Quarantine Environment" in +linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] for some caveats. + +[[update]] +update +~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to +`git push` and updates reference(s) in its repository. +Just before updating the ref on the remote repository, the update hook +is invoked. Its exit status determines the success or failure of +the ref update. + +The hook executes once for each ref to be updated, and takes +three parameters: + + - the name of the ref being updated, + - the old object name stored in the ref, + - and the new object name to be stored in the ref. + +A zero exit from the update hook allows the ref to be updated. +Exiting with a non-zero status prevents `git receive-pack` +from updating that ref. + +This hook can be used to prevent 'forced' update on certain refs by +making sure that the object name is a commit object that is a +descendant of the commit object named by the old object name. +That is, to enforce a "fast-forward only" policy. + +It could also be used to log the old..new status. However, it +does not know the entire set of branches, so it would end up +firing one e-mail per ref when used naively, though. The +<<post-receive,'post-receive'>> hook is more suited to that. + +In an environment that restricts the users' access only to git +commands over the wire, this hook can be used to implement access +control without relying on filesystem ownership and group +membership. See linkgit:git-shell[1] for how you might use the login +shell to restrict the user's access to only git commands. + +Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to +`git send-pack` on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages +for the user. + +The default 'update' hook, when enabled--and with +`hooks.allowunannotated` config option unset or set to false--prevents +unannotated tags to be pushed. + +[[proc-receive]] +proc-receive +~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-receive-pack[1]. If the server has +set the multi-valued config variable `receive.procReceiveRefs`, and the +commands sent to 'receive-pack' have matching reference names, these +commands will be executed by this hook, instead of by the internal +`execute_commands()` function. This hook is responsible for updating +the relevant references and reporting the results back to 'receive-pack'. + +This hook executes once for the receive operation. It takes no +arguments, but uses a pkt-line format protocol to communicate with +'receive-pack' to read commands, push-options and send results. In the +following example for the protocol, the letter 'S' stands for +'receive-pack' and the letter 'H' stands for this hook. + + # Version and features negotiation. + S: PKT-LINE(version=1\0push-options atomic...) + S: flush-pkt + H: PKT-LINE(version=1\0push-options...) + H: flush-pkt + + # Send commands from server to the hook. + S: PKT-LINE(<old-oid> <new-oid> <ref>) + S: ... ... + S: flush-pkt + # Send push-options only if the 'push-options' feature is enabled. + S: PKT-LINE(push-option) + S: ... ... + S: flush-pkt + + # Receive result from the hook. + # OK, run this command successfully. + H: PKT-LINE(ok <ref>) + # NO, I reject it. + H: PKT-LINE(ng <ref> <reason>) + # Fall through, let 'receive-pack' to execute it. + H: PKT-LINE(ok <ref>) + H: PKT-LINE(option fall-through) + # OK, but has an alternate reference. The alternate reference name + # and other status can be given in option directives. + H: PKT-LINE(ok <ref>) + H: PKT-LINE(option refname <refname>) + H: PKT-LINE(option old-oid <old-oid>) + H: PKT-LINE(option new-oid <new-oid>) + H: PKT-LINE(option forced-update) + H: ... ... + H: flush-pkt + +Each command for the 'proc-receive' hook may point to a pseudo-reference +and always has a zero-old as its old-oid, while the 'proc-receive' hook +may update an alternate reference and the alternate reference may exist +already with a non-zero old-oid. For this case, this hook will use +"option" directives to report extended attributes for the reference given +by the leading "ok" directive. + +The report of the commands of this hook should have the same order as +the input. The exit status of the 'proc-receive' hook only determines +the success or failure of the group of commands sent to it, unless +atomic push is in use. + +[[post-receive]] +post-receive +~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to +`git push` and updates reference(s) in its repository. +It executes on the remote repository once after all the refs have +been updated. + +This hook executes once for the receive operation. It takes no +arguments, but gets the same information as the +<<pre-receive,'pre-receive'>> +hook does on its standard input. + +This hook does not affect the outcome of `git receive-pack`, as it +is called after the real work is done. + +This supersedes the <<post-update,'post-update'>> hook in that it gets +both old and new values of all the refs in addition to their +names. + +Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to +`git send-pack` on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages +for the user. + +The default 'post-receive' hook is empty, but there is +a sample script `post-receive-email` provided in the `contrib/hooks` +directory in Git distribution, which implements sending commit +emails. + +The number of push options given on the command line of +`git push --push-option=...` can be read from the environment +variable `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT`, and the options themselves are +found in `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_0`, `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_1`,... +If it is negotiated to not use the push options phase, the +environment variables will not be set. If the client selects +to use push options, but doesn't transmit any, the count variable +will be set to zero, `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT=0`. + +[[post-update]] +post-update +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to +`git push` and updates reference(s) in its repository. +It executes on the remote repository once after all the refs have +been updated. + +It takes a variable number of parameters, each of which is the +name of ref that was actually updated. + +This hook is meant primarily for notification, and cannot affect +the outcome of `git receive-pack`. + +The 'post-update' hook can tell what are the heads that were pushed, +but it does not know what their original and updated values are, +so it is a poor place to do log old..new. The +<<post-receive,'post-receive'>> hook does get both original and +updated values of the refs. You might consider it instead if you need +them. + +When enabled, the default 'post-update' hook runs +`git update-server-info` to keep the information used by dumb +transports (e.g., HTTP) up to date. If you are publishing +a Git repository that is accessible via HTTP, you should +probably enable this hook. + +Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to +`git send-pack` on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages +for the user. + +reference-transaction +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by any Git command that performs reference +updates. It executes whenever a reference transaction is prepared, +committed or aborted and may thus get called multiple times. The hook +does not cover symbolic references (but that may change in the future). + +The hook takes exactly one argument, which is the current state the +given reference transaction is in: + + - "prepared": All reference updates have been queued to the + transaction and references were locked on disk. + + - "committed": The reference transaction was committed and all + references now have their respective new value. + + - "aborted": The reference transaction was aborted, no changes + were performed and the locks have been released. + +For each reference update that was added to the transaction, the hook +receives on standard input a line of the format: + + <old-value> SP <new-value> SP <ref-name> LF + +where `<old-value>` is the old object name passed into the reference +transaction, `<new-value>` is the new object name to be stored in the +ref and `<ref-name>` is the full name of the ref. When force updating +the reference regardless of its current value or when the reference is +to be created anew, `<old-value>` is the all-zeroes object name. To +distinguish these cases, you can inspect the current value of +`<ref-name>` via `git rev-parse`. + +The exit status of the hook is ignored for any state except for the +"prepared" state. In the "prepared" state, a non-zero exit status will +cause the transaction to be aborted. The hook will not be called with +"aborted" state in that case. + +push-to-checkout +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to +`git push` and updates reference(s) in its repository, and when +the push tries to update the branch that is currently checked out +and the `receive.denyCurrentBranch` configuration variable is set to +`updateInstead`. Such a push by default is refused if the working +tree and the index of the remote repository has any difference from +the currently checked out commit; when both the working tree and the +index match the current commit, they are updated to match the newly +pushed tip of the branch. This hook is to be used to override the +default behaviour. + +The hook receives the commit with which the tip of the current +branch is going to be updated. It can exit with a non-zero status +to refuse the push (when it does so, it must not modify the index or +the working tree). Or it can make any necessary changes to the +working tree and to the index to bring them to the desired state +when the tip of the current branch is updated to the new commit, and +exit with a zero status. + +For example, the hook can simply run `git read-tree -u -m HEAD "$1"` +in order to emulate `git fetch` that is run in the reverse direction +with `git push`, as the two-tree form of `git read-tree -u -m` is +essentially the same as `git switch` or `git checkout` +that switches branches while +keeping the local changes in the working tree that do not interfere +with the difference between the branches. + + +pre-auto-gc +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by `git gc --auto` (see linkgit:git-gc[1]). It +takes no parameter, and exiting with non-zero status from this script +causes the `git gc --auto` to abort. + +post-rewrite +~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by commands that rewrite commits +(linkgit:git-commit[1] when called with `--amend` and +linkgit:git-rebase[1]; however, full-history (re)writing tools like +linkgit:git-fast-import[1] or +https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo[git-filter-repo] typically +do not call it!). Its first argument denotes the command it was +invoked by: currently one of `amend` or `rebase`. Further +command-dependent arguments may be passed in the future. + +The hook receives a list of the rewritten commits on stdin, in the +format + + <old-object-name> SP <new-object-name> [ SP <extra-info> ] LF + +The 'extra-info' is again command-dependent. If it is empty, the +preceding SP is also omitted. Currently, no commands pass any +'extra-info'. + +The hook always runs after the automatic note copying (see +"notes.rewrite.<command>" in linkgit:git-config[1]) has happened, and +thus has access to these notes. + +The following command-specific comments apply: + +rebase:: + For the 'squash' and 'fixup' operation, all commits that were + squashed are listed as being rewritten to the squashed commit. + This means that there will be several lines sharing the same + 'new-object-name'. ++ +The commits are guaranteed to be listed in the order that they were +processed by rebase. + +sendemail-validate +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-send-email[1]. It takes a single parameter, +the name of the file that holds the e-mail to be sent. Exiting with a +non-zero status causes `git send-email` to abort before sending any +e-mails. + +fsmonitor-watchman +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked when the configuration option `core.fsmonitor` is +set to `.git/hooks/fsmonitor-watchman` or `.git/hooks/fsmonitor-watchmanv2` +depending on the version of the hook to use. + +Version 1 takes two arguments, a version (1) and the time in elapsed +nanoseconds since midnight, January 1, 1970. + +Version 2 takes two arguments, a version (2) and a token that is used +for identifying changes since the token. For watchman this would be +a clock id. This version must output to stdout the new token followed +by a NUL before the list of files. + +The hook should output to stdout the list of all files in the working +directory that may have changed since the requested time. The logic +should be inclusive so that it does not miss any potential changes. +The paths should be relative to the root of the working directory +and be separated by a single NUL. + +It is OK to include files which have not actually changed. All changes +including newly-created and deleted files should be included. When +files are renamed, both the old and the new name should be included. + +Git will limit what files it checks for changes as well as which +directories are checked for untracked files based on the path names +given. + +An optimized way to tell git "all files have changed" is to return +the filename `/`. + +The exit status determines whether git will use the data from the +hook to limit its search. On error, it will fall back to verifying +all files and folders. + +p4-changelist +~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by `git-p4 submit`. + +The `p4-changelist` hook is executed after the changelist +message has been edited by the user. It can be bypassed with the +`--no-verify` option. It takes a single parameter, the name +of the file that holds the proposed changelist text. Exiting +with a non-zero status causes the command to abort. + +The hook is allowed to edit the changelist file and can be used +to normalize the text into some project standard format. It can +also be used to refuse the Submit after inspect the message file. + +Run `git-p4 submit --help` for details. + +p4-prepare-changelist +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by `git-p4 submit`. + +The `p4-prepare-changelist` hook is executed right after preparing +the default changelist message and before the editor is started. +It takes one parameter, the name of the file that contains the +changelist text. Exiting with a non-zero status from the script +will abort the process. + +The purpose of the hook is to edit the message file in place, +and it is not suppressed by the `--no-verify` option. This hook +is called even if `--prepare-p4-only` is set. + +Run `git-p4 submit --help` for details. + +p4-post-changelist +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by `git-p4 submit`. + +The `p4-post-changelist` hook is invoked after the submit has +successfully occurred in P4. It takes no parameters and is meant +primarily for notification and cannot affect the outcome of the +git p4 submit action. + +Run `git-p4 submit --help` for details. + +p4-pre-submit +~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked by `git-p4 submit`. It takes no parameters and nothing +from standard input. Exiting with non-zero status from this script prevent +`git-p4 submit` from launching. It can be bypassed with the `--no-verify` +command line option. Run `git-p4 submit --help` for details. + + + +post-index-change +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked when the index is written in read-cache.c +do_write_locked_index. + +The first parameter passed to the hook is the indicator for the +working directory being updated. "1" meaning working directory +was updated or "0" when the working directory was not updated. + +The second parameter passed to the hook is the indicator for whether +or not the index was updated and the skip-worktree bit could have +changed. "1" meaning skip-worktree bits could have been updated +and "0" meaning they were not. + +Only one parameter should be set to "1" when the hook runs. The hook +running passing "1", "1" should not be possible. + +SEE ALSO +-------- +linkgit:git-hook[1] + +GIT +--- +Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite |