From cca66b9ec4e494c1d919bff0f71a820d8afab1fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Baumann Date: Sun, 7 Apr 2024 20:24:48 +0200 Subject: Adding upstream version 1.2.2. Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann --- share/tutorials/tutorial-basic.es.svg | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+) create mode 100644 share/tutorials/tutorial-basic.es.svg (limited to 'share/tutorials/tutorial-basic.es.svg') diff --git a/share/tutorials/tutorial-basic.es.svg b/share/tutorials/tutorial-basic.es.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..50ce22f --- /dev/null +++ b/share/tutorials/tutorial-basic.es.svg @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + + +Tutorial | BásicoThis tutorial demonstrates the basics of using Inkscape. If you have opened it from the Inkscape Help menu, it is a regular Inkscape document that you can view, edit, or copy from. You can also save a copy to a location of your choice.The Basic Tutorial covers canvas navigation, managing documents, shape tool basics, selection techniques, transforming objects with selector, grouping, setting fill and stroke, alignment, and stacking order. For more advanced topics, check out the other tutorials in the Help menu.Navegar por el lienzoThere are many ways to pan (scroll) the document canvas. Try Ctrl+arrow keys to scroll by keyboard. (Try this now to scroll this document down.) You can also drag the canvas by the middle mouse button. Or, you can use the scrollbars (press Ctrl+B to show or hide them). The wheel on your mouse also works for scrolling vertically; press Shift and move the wheel to scroll horizontally.Acercar y alejar (Zoom)The easiest way to zoom is by pressing - and + (or =) keys. You can also use Ctrl+middle click or Ctrl+right click to zoom in, Shift+middle click or Shift+right click to zoom out, or rotate the mouse wheel with Ctrl. Or, you can click in the zoom entry field (in the bottom right region of the document window, labelled “Z”), type a precise zoom value in %, and press Enter. We also have the Zoom tool (in the toolbar on left) which lets you to zoom into an area by dragging around it.Inkscape también conserva un historial de los niveles de zoom que ha usado en esta sesión. Pulse ` para ir al nivel zoom previo o Mayus+` para ir al siguiente.Herramientas de InkscapeThe vertical toolbar on the left shows Inkscape's drawing and editing tools. Depending on your screen resolution, the Commands bar with general command buttons, such as “Save” and “Print”, can be found either in the top part of the window, right below the menu, or on the right side of the window, in between the scroll bar and the Snap Controls bar. Right above the white Canvas Area, there's the Tool Controls bar with controls that are specific to each tool. The status bar at the bottom of the window will display useful hints and messages as you work.Many operations are available through keyboard shortcuts. Open Help⇒Keys and Mouse Reference to see the complete list of available shortcuts.Crear y gestionar documentosTo create a new empty document, use File⇒New or press Ctrl+N. To create a new document from one of Inkscape's many templates, use File⇒New from Template… or press Ctrl+Alt+N.To open an existing SVG document, use File⇒Open (Ctrl+O). To save, use File⇒Save (Ctrl+S), or File⇒Save As (Shift+Ctrl+S) to save under a new name. (While Inkscape comes with its Autosave feature enabled, it is still recommended that you follow the best practice to “save early, save often“.)Inkscape uses the SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) format for its files. SVG is an open standard widely supported by graphic software. SVG files are based on XML and can be edited with any text or XML editor (apart from Inkscape, that is). Besides SVG, Inkscape can import and export many other file formats. You can find lists of the supported file formats in the Save and Import dialogs.Inkscape abre una ventana de documento independiente para cada documento. Puede navegar entre ellos utilizando el administrador de ventanas (por ejemplo, mediante Alt+Tab), o puede utilizar el atajo de Inkscape, Ctrl+Tab, que recorrerá todas las ventanas de documento abiertas. (Cree un documento nuevo ahora y cambie entre él y este documento para practicar.) Atención: Inkscape trata estas ventanas como pestañas en un navegador web, esto significa que el atajo Ctrl+Tab solo funciona con documentos que se ejecutan en el mismo proceso. Si abre varios archivos desde un explorador de archivos o inicia más de un proceso de Inkscape desde un icono, no funcionará.Crear formasTime for some nice shapes! Click on the Rectangle tool in the toolbar on the left (or press F4) and click-and-drag, either in a new empty document or right here:As you can see, default rectangles come up with a blue fill and a black stroke (outline), and fully opaque. We'll see how to change that below. With other tools, you can also create ellipses, stars, and spirals:These tools are collectively known as shape tools. Each shape you create displays one or more handles; try dragging them to see how the shape responds. The Tool Controls bar for a shape tool is another way to tweak a shape; these controls affect the currently selected shapes (i.e. those that display the handles) and set the default that will apply to newly created shapes.Para deshacer la última acción, pulse Ctrl+Z. (O, si cambia de opinión de nuevo, puede rehacer la acción de deshacer con Mayús+Ctrl+Z.)Mover, escalar, girarThe most frequently used Inkscape tool is the Selector. Click the topmost button (with the arrow) on the toolbar, or press s, F1 or toggle the tool using Space. Now you can select any object on the canvas. Click on the rectangle below.Verá que aparecen ocho tiradores en forma de flecha alrededor del objeto. Ahora puede:•Mover el objeto al arrastrarlo. (Pulse Ctrl para restringir el movimiento a horizontal y vertical.)•Escalar el objeto mediante el arrastrado de cualquier tirador. (Pulse Ctrl para conservar la proporción original.)Vuelva a pulsar en el rectángulo. Los tiradores cambian. Ahora puede:•Rotate the object by dragging the corner handles. (Press Ctrl to restrict rotation to 15 degree steps. Drag the cross mark to position the center of rotation.)•Inclinar el objeto mediante el arrastre de los tiradores que no son esquinas. (Pulse Ctrl para restringir la inclinación a pasos de 15 grados.)While using the Selector, you can also use the numeric entry fields in the Tool Controls bar (above the canvas) to set exact values for coordinates (X and Y) and size (W and H) of the selection. Transformar mediante el tecladoOne of the features that set Inkscape apart from most other vector editors is its emphasis on keyboard accessibility. There's hardly any command or action that is impossible to do from keyboard, and transforming objects is no exception. Puede utilizar el teclado para mover (teclas de flecha), escalar (teclas < y >), y rotar (teclas [ y ]) objetos. De forma predeterminada los pasos de movimiento y escalado son de 2 px; with Mayús, lo meverá 10 veces eso. Pulsando Ctrl+> o Ctrl+< escalará hacia arriba o abajo al 200% o al 50% del original, respectivamente. El paso de rotación predeterminado es de 15 grados; pulsando Ctrl, rotará 90 grados.However, perhaps the most useful are pixel-size transformations, invoked by using Alt with the transform keys. For example, Alt+arrows will move the selection by 1 screen pixel (i.e. a pixel on your monitor). This means that if you zoom in, you can move objects with very high precision, if you're using Alt with your keyboard shortcut. In reverse, when you zoom out, precision will be lower when you use the Alt key. Using different zoom levels, you can vary the amount of precision that you need for your current task.Similarly, Alt+> and Alt+< scale the selection so that its visible size changes by one screen pixel, and Alt+[ and Alt+] rotate it so that its farthest-from-center point moves by one screen pixel.Note: Linux users may not get the expected results with the Alt+arrow and a few other key combinations if their Window Manager catches those key events before they reach the Inkscape application (and uses it to do things like switching workspaces instead). One solution would be to change the Window Manager's configuration accordingly.Selección múltiplePuede seleccionar cualquier cantidad de objetos simultáneamente pulsando Mayús+clic sobre ellos. También puede arrastrar alrededor de los objetos que desea seleccionar; a esto se le llama selección elástica (el selector es elástico al iniciar el arrastre desde un punto vacío, sin embargo, si pulsa Mayús antes de comenzar a arrastrar, Inkscape siempre creará la selección elástica). Practique seleccionando los tres objetos a continuación:Ahora utilice la selección elástica (arrastrando o pulsando Mayús+arrastrar) para seleccionar las dos elipses pero no el rectángulo:Each individual object within a selection displays a selection cue — by default, a dashed rectangular frame. These cues make it easy to see at once what is selected and what is not. For example, if you select both the two ellipses and the rectangle, without the cues you would have a hard time guessing whether the ellipses are selected or not.Al hacer Mayús+clic sobre un objeto seleccionado, lo excluye de la selección. Seleccione los tres objetos anteriores, luego use Mayús+clic para excluir las elipses de la selección, dejando seleccionado solamente el rectángulo.Pressing Esc deselects all selected objects. Ctrl+A selects all objects in the current layer (if you did not create any layers, this is the same as all objects in the document). The default behavior of the Ctrl+A shortcut can be adjusted in the preferences.AgruparSe pueden combinar varios objetos en un grupo. Un grupo se comporta como un solo objeto cuando lo arrastra o transforma. A continuación, los tres objetos de la izquierda son independientes; los mismo tres objetos a la derecha están agrupadas. Intente arrastrar el grupo.To create a group, select one or more objects and press Ctrl+G. To ungroup one or more groups, select them and press Ctrl+U. These actions are also accessible by right click, the Object menu, or the Commands bar. Groups themselves may be grouped, just like any other objects; such nested groups may go down to arbitrary depth. However, Ctrl+U only ungroups the topmost level of grouping in a selection; you'll need to press Ctrl+U repeatedly if you want to completely ungroup a deep group-in-group (or use Extensions⇒Arrange⇒Deep Ungroup).You don't necessarily have to ungroup, however, if you want to edit an object within a group. Just Ctrl+click that object and it will be selected and editable alone, or Shift+Ctrl+click several objects (inside or outside any groups) for multiple selection regardless of grouping.You can also double-click on a group, to enter it and access all the objects inside without ungrouping. Double-click on any empty canvas area to leave the group again.Try to move or transform the individual shapes in the group (above right) without ungrouping it, then deselect and select the group normally to see that it still remains grouped. Relleno y bordeProbably the simplest way to paint an object some color is to select an object, and click a swatch (color field) in the palette below the canvas to paint it (change its fill color).Alternatively, you can open the Swatches dialog from the View menu (or press Shift+Ctrl+W), select the palette that you want to use after clicking on the little triangle in its top right corner, select an object, and click any swatch to fill the object (change its fill color).Más potente es el cuadro de diálogo Relleno y Borde del menú Objeto (o pulse Mayús+Ctrl+F). Seleccione la siguiente forma y abra el cuadro de diálogo Relleno y Borde.You will see that the dialog has three tabs: Fill, Stroke paint, and Stroke style. The Fill tab lets you edit the fill (interior) of the selected object(s). Using the buttons just below the tab, you can select types of fill, including no fill (the button with the X), flat color fill, as well as linear or radial gradients. For the above shape, the flat fill button will be activated. Further below, you see a collection of color pickers, each in its own tab: RGB, CMYK, HSL, and Wheel. Perhaps the most convenient is the Wheel picker, where you can rotate the triangle to choose a hue on the wheel, and then select a shade of that hue within the triangle. All color pickers contain a slider labelled “A“ to set the alpha (opacity) of the selected color.Cada vez que se selecciona un objeto, el selector de color se actualiza para mostrar su relleno y trazo actual (si hay varios objetos seleccionados, el cuadro de diálogo muestra su color medio). Juegue con estos ejemplos o cree los suyos propios:Usando la pestaña Color de Trazo, elimine el borde (contorno) del objeto, o asigne cualquier color o transparencia:La última pestaña, Estilo de trazo, permite configurar el grosor y otros parámetros del trazo:Finally, instead of a flat color, you can use gradients for fills and/or strokes:When you switch from flat color to gradient, the newly created gradient uses the previous flat color, going from opaque to transparent. Switch to the Gradient tool (Ctrl+F1 or just G) to drag the gradient handles — the controls connected by lines that define the direction and length of the gradient. When any of the gradient handles is selected (highlighted blue), the Fill and Stroke dialog sets (and displays) the color of that handle instead of the color of the entire selected object.Yet another convenient way to change the color of an object is by using the Dropper tool (F7 or D). Just click anywhere in the drawing with that tool, and the color you clicked on will be assigned to the selected object's fill (Shift+click will assign the stroke color).Duplicar, alinear, distribuirOne of the most common operations is duplicating an object (Ctrl+D). The duplicate is placed exactly on top of the original and is selected, so you can drag it away by mouse or by arrow keys. For practice, try to add copies of this black square in a line next to each other:Chances are, your copies of the square are placed more or less randomly. This is where the Object⇒Align and Distribute dialog (Shift+Ctrl+A) is useful. Select all the squares (Shift+click or drag a rubberband), open the dialog and press the “Center on horizontal axis” button, then the “Make horizontal gaps between objects equal” button (read the button tooltips). The objects are now neatly aligned and distributed with equal spaces in between. Here are some other alignment and distribution examples:orden-ZThe term z-order refers to the stacking order of objects in a drawing, i.e. to which objects are on top of other objects, and cover them, so the bottom objects are not (completely) visible. The two commands in the Object menu, Raise to Top (the Home key) and Lower to Bottom (the End key), will move your selected objects to the very top or very bottom of the current layer's z-order. Two more commands, Raise (PgUp) and Lower (PgDn), will sink or emerge the selection one step only, i.e. move it past one non-selected object in z-order (only objects that overlap the selection count, based on their respective bounding boxes).Practique estos comandos invirtiendo el orden-z de los siguiente objetos de manera que la elipse más a la izquierda esté en el nivel superior y la elipse de más a la derecha esté en el fondo:Una atajo muy útil para la selección es la tecla Tab. Si no hay nada seleccionado, selecciona el objeto más al fondo; de lo contrario selecciona el objeto debajo del objeto seleccionado en orden-z. Mayús+Tab funciona al revés; comienza desde el objeto que está más arriba y sigue hacia abajo. Puesto que los objetos que se crean se añaden al nivel superior de la pila, al pulsar Mayús+Tab sin nada seleccionado seleccionará los últimos objetos que se hayan creado. Practique con las teclas Tab y Mayús+Tab en la pila de elipses anterior.Seleccionando debajo y arrastrando seleccionados¿Qué hacer si el objeto que busca está oculto tras otro objeto? Quizás ese objeto todavía está visible si el que está encima es (parcialmente) transparente, pero pulsando en él, seleccionará el que está encima, no el que necesita.This is what Alt+click is for. First Alt+click selects the top object, just like the regular click. However, the next Alt+click at the same point will select the object below the top one; the next one, the object still lower, etc. Thus, several Alt+clicks in a row will cycle, top-to-bottom, through the entire z-order stack of objects at the click point. When the bottom object is reached, next Alt+click will, naturally, again select the topmost object.[Si usa en Linux, es posible que Alt+clic no funcione correctamente. En su lugar, puede ser que se mueva la ventana entera de Inkscape. Esto se debe a que el administrador de ventanas ha reservado Alt+clic para una acción diferente. La forma de solucionarlo es encontrar la configuración del administrador de ventanas y desactivar esta combinación de teclas, o cambiarla para que use la tecla Meta (también conocida como tecla Windows), para que Inkscape y otras aplicaciones puedan usar la tecla Alt libremente.]This is nice, but once you selected an under-the-surface object, what can you do with it? You can use keys to transform it, and you can drag the selection handles. However, dragging the object itself will reset the selection to the top object again (this is how click-and-drag is designed to work — it selects the (top) object under the cursor first, then drags the selection). To tell Inkscape to drag what is selected now, without selecting anything else, use Alt+drag. This will move the current selection, no matter where you drag your mouse.Practique Alt+cli y Alt+arrastrar en las dos formas de color marrón bajo el rectángulo transparente verde:Selección de objetos similaresInkscape can select other objects that are similar to the object that is currently selected. For example, if you want to select all the blue squares below, first select one of the blue squares, and use Edit⇒Select Same⇒Fill Color from the menu (right-click on the canvas). All objects with the same blue fill color are now selected.In addition to selecting by fill color, you can select multiple similar objects by stroke color, stroke style, fill & stroke, and object type. If these are not enough choices for your use case, try using the Edit⇒Find/Replace dialog.ConclusiónThis concludes the Basic tutorial. There's much more than that to Inkscape, but with the techniques described here, you will already be able to create simple yet useful graphics. To learn more, we recommend going through the “Inkscape: Advanced” tutorial and the other tutorials in Help⇒Tutorials.Bulia Byak; Jonathan Leighton; Ralf Stephan; Bryce Harrington; Alexandre Prokoudine; Colin Marquardt; Josh Andler; Nicolas Dufour; Maren Hachmann; Gellért GyurisGLUD-ACL (Grupo Linux universidad Distrital - Academia y Conocimiento Libre) — 2005; Lucas Vieites — 2019Esteban Capella — 2019 -- cgit v1.2.3