Statistical Functions Part One

INTERCEPT function points of intersection intersections mw added two entries

INTERCEPT

Calculates the point at which a line will intersect the y-values by using known x-values and y-values.

INTERCEPT(DataY; DataX) DataY is the dependent set of observations or data. DataX is the independent set of observations or data. Names, arrays or references containing numbers must be used here. Numbers can also be entered directly.

To calculate the intercept, use cells D3:D9 as the y value and C3:C9 as the x value from the example spreadsheet. Input will be as follows: =INTERCEPT(D3:D9;C3:C9) = 2.15.

COUNT function numbers;counting mw added one entry

COUNT

Counts how many numbers are in the list of arguments. Text entries are ignored.

COUNT()

The entries 2, 4, 6 and eight in the Value 1-4 fields are to be counted. =COUNT(2;4;6;"eight") = 3. The count of numbers is therefore 3.

COUNTA function number of entries mw added one entry

COUNTA

Counts how many values are in the list of arguments. Text entries are also counted, even when they contain an empty string of length 0. If an argument is an array or reference, empty cells within the array or reference are ignored.UFI: fix to #i35888#

COUNTA()

The entries 2, 4, 6 and eight in the Value 1-4 fields are to be counted. =COUNTA(2;4;6;"eight") = 4. The count of values is therefore 4.

COUNTBLANK function counting;empty cells empty cells;counting

COUNTBLANK

Returns the number of empty cells.

COUNTBLANK(Range) Returns the number of empty cells in the cell range Range.

=COUNTBLANK(A1:B2) returns 4 if cells A1, A2, B1, and B2 are all empty.see also COUNTIF

COUNTIF function counting;specified cells mw added one entry

COUNTIF

Returns the number of cells that meet with certain criteria within a cell range.

COUNTIF(Range; Criterion) Range is the range to which the criteria are to be applied.

A1:A10 is a cell range containing the numbers 2000 to 2009. Cell B1 contains the number 2006. In cell B2, you enter a formula: =COUNTIF(A1:A10;2006) - this returns 1. =COUNTIF(A1:A10;B1) - this returns 1. =COUNTIF(A1:A10;">=2006") - this returns 4. =COUNTIF(A1:A10;"<"&B1) - when B1 contains 2006, this returns 6. =COUNTIF(A1:A10;C2) where cell C2 contains the text >2006 counts the number of cells in the range A1:A10 which are >2006. To count only negative numbers: =COUNTIF(A1:A10;"<0")

B function probabilities of samples with binomial distribution mw added one entry

B

Returns the probability of a sample with binomial distribution.

B(Trials; SP; T1 [; T2]) Trials is the number of independent trials. SP is the probability of success on each trial. T1 defines the lower limit for the number of trials. T2 (optional) defines the upper limit for the number of trials.

What is the probability with ten throws of the dice, that a six will come up exactly twice? The probability of a six (or any other number) is 1/6. The following formula combines these factors: =B(10;1/6;2) returns a probability of 29%.

RSQ function determination coefficients regression analysis mw added regression analysis

RSQ

Returns the square of the Pearson correlation coefficient based on the given values. RSQ (also called determination coefficient) is a measure for the accuracy of an adjustment and can be used to produce a regression analysis.

RSQ(DataY; DataX) DataY is an array or range of data points. DataX is an array or range of data points.

=RSQ(A1:A20;B1:B20) calculates the determination coefficient for both data sets in columns A and B.

BETAINV function cumulative probability density function;inverse of mw added one entry

BETAINV

Returns the inverse of the cumulative Beta probability density function.

BETAINV(Number; Alpha; Beta [; Start [; End]]) Number is the probability associated with the Beta distribution for the given arguments Alpha and Beta. Alpha is a strictly positive parameter of the Beta distribution. Beta is a strictly positive parameter of the Beta distribution. Start (optional) is the lower bound of the output range of the function. If omitted, the default value is 0. End (optional) is the upper bound of the output range of the function. If omitted, the default value is 1.

=BETAINV(0.5;5;10) returns the value 0.3257511553. BETAINV Wiki page

BETA.INV function cumulative probability density function;inverse of mw added one entry

BETA.INV

Returns the inverse of the cumulative Beta probability density function.

BETA.INV(Number; Alpha; Beta [; Start [; End]]) Number is the probability associated with the Beta distribution for the given arguments Alpha and Beta. Alpha is a strictly positive parameter of the Beta distribution. Beta is a strictly positive parameter of the Beta distribution. Start (optional) is the lower bound of the output range of the function. If omitted, the default value is 0. End (optional) is the upper bound of the output range of the function. If omitted, the default value is 1.

=BETA.INV(0.5;5;10) returns the value 0.3257511553. BETA.INV Wiki page

COM.MICROSOFT.BETA.INV

BETADIST function cumulative probability density function;calculating mw added one entry

BETADIST

Returns the beta function.

BETADIST(Number; Alpha; Beta [; Start [; End [; Cumulative]]]) Number is the value between Start and End at which to evaluate the function. Alpha is a parameter to the distribution. Beta is a parameter to the distribution. Start (optional) is the lower bound for Number. End (optional) is the upper bound for Number. Cumulative (optional) can be 0 or False to calculate the probability density function. It can be any other value or True or omitted to calculate the cumulative distribution function.

=BETADIST(0.75;3;4) returns the value 0.96.

BETA.DIST function cumulative probability density function;calculating mw added one entry

BETA.DIST

Returns the beta function.

BETA.DIST(Number; Alpha; Beta; Cumulative [; Start [; End]]) Number (required) is the value between Start and End at which to evaluate the function. Alpha (required) is a parameter to the distribution. Beta (required) is a parameter to the distribution. Cumulative (required) can be 0 or False to calculate the probability density function. It can be any other value or True to calculate the cumulative distribution function. Start (optional) is the lower bound for Number. End (optional) is the upper bound for Number.

=BETA.DIST(2;8;10;1;1;3) returns the value 0.6854706 =BETA.DIST(2;8;10;0;1;3) returns the value 1.4837646

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BINOMDIST function

BINOMDIST

Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability.

BINOMDIST(X; Trials; SP; C) X is the number of successes in a set of trials. Trials is the number of independent trials. SP is the probability of success on each trial. C = 0 calculates the probability of a single event and C = 1 calculates the cumulative probability.

=BINOMDIST(A1;12;0.5;0) shows (if the values 0 to 12 are entered in A1) the probabilities for 12 flips of a coin that Heads will come up exactly the number of times entered in A1. =BINOMDIST(A1;12;0.5;1) shows the cumulative probabilities for the same series. For example, if A1 = 4, the cumulative probability of the series is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 times Heads (non-exclusive OR).

BINOM.DIST function

BINOM.DIST

Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability.

BINOM.DIST(X; Trials; SP; C) X is the number of successes in a set of trials. Trials is the number of independent trials. SP is the probability of success on each trial. C = 0 calculates the probability of a single event and C = 1 calculates the cumulative probability.

=BINOM.DIST(A1;12;0.5;0) shows (if the values 0 to 12 are entered in A1) the probabilities for 12 flips of a coin that Heads will come up exactly the number of times entered in A1. =BINOM.DIST(A1;12;0.5;1) shows the cumulative probabilities for the same series. For example, if A1 = 4, the cumulative probability of the series is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 times Heads (non-exclusive OR).

COM.MICROSOFT.BINOM.DIST

BINOM.INV function

BINOM.INV

Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is greater than or equal to a criterion value.

BINOM.INV(Trials; SP; Alpha) Trials The total number of trials. SP is the probability of success on each trial. Alpha The border probability that is attained or exceeded.

=BINOM.INV(8;0.6;0.9) returns 7, the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is greater than or equal to a criterion value.

COM.MICROSOFT.BINOM.INV

CHISQINV function

CHISQINV

Returns the inverse of CHISQDIST.

CHISQINV(Probability; Degrees of Freedom) Probability is the probability value for which the inverse of the chi-square distribution is to be calculated. Degrees Of Freedom is the degrees of freedom for the chi-square function.

CHISQ.INV function

CHISQ.INV

Returns the inverse of the left-tailed probability of the chi-square distribution.

CHISQ.INV(Probability; DegreesFreedom) Probability is the probability value for which the inverse of the chi-square distribution is to be calculated. Degrees Of Freedom is the degrees of freedom for the chi-square function.

=CHISQ.INV(0,5;1) returns 0.4549364231.

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CHIINV function

CHIINV

Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.

CHIINV(Number; DegreesFreedom) Number is the value of the error probability. DegreesFreedom is the degrees of freedom of the experiment.

A die is thrown 1020 times. The numbers on the die 1 through 6 come up 195, 151, 148, 189, 183 and 154 times (observation values). The hypothesis that the die is not fixed is to be tested. The Chi square distribution of the random sample is determined by the formula given above. Since the expected value for a given number on the die for n throws is n times 1/6, thus 1020/6 = 170, the formula returns a Chi square value of 13.27. If the (observed) Chi square is greater than or equal to the (theoretical) Chi square CHIINV, the hypothesis will be discarded, since the deviation between theory and experiment is too great. If the observed Chi square is less that CHIINV, the hypothesis is confirmed with the indicated probability of error. =CHIINV(0.05;5) returns 11.07. =CHIINV(0.02;5) returns 13.39. If the probability of error is 5%, the die is not true. If the probability of error is 2%, there is no reason to believe it is fixed.

CHISQ.INV.RT function

CHISQ.INV.RT

Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.

CHISQ.INV.RT(Number; DegreesFreedom) Number is the value of the error probability. DegreesFreedom is the degrees of freedom of the experiment.

A die is thrown 1020 times. The numbers on the die 1 through 6 come up 195, 151, 148, 189, 183 and 154 times (observation values). The hypothesis that the die is not fixed is to be tested. The Chi square distribution of the random sample is determined by the formula given above. Since the expected value for a given number on the die for n throws is n times 1/6, thus 1020/6 = 170, the formula returns a Chi square value of 13.27. If the (observed) Chi square is greater than or equal to the (theoretical) Chi square CHIINV, the hypothesis will be discarded, since the deviation between theory and experiment is too great. If the observed Chi square is less that CHIINV, the hypothesis is confirmed with the indicated probability of error. =CHISQ.INV.RT(0.05;5) returns 11.0704976935. =CHISQ.INV.RT(0.02;5) returns 13.388222599. If the probability of error is 5%, the die is not true. If the probability of error is 2%, there is no reason to believe it is fixed.

COM.MICROSOFT.CHISQ.INV.RT

CHITEST function

CHITEST

Returns the probability of a deviance from a random distribution of two test series based on the chi-squared test for independence. CHITEST returns the chi-squared distribution of the data. The probability determined by CHITEST can also be determined with CHIDIST, in which case the Chi square of the random sample must then be passed as a parameter instead of the data row.

CHITEST(DataB; DataE) DataB is the array of the observations. DataE is the range of the expected values.

=CHITEST(A1:A6;B1:B6) equals 0.02. This is the probability which suffices the observed data of the theoretical Chi-square distribution.

CHISQ.TEST function

CHISQ.TEST

Returns the probability of a deviance from a random distribution of two test series based on the chi-squared test for independence. CHISQ.TEST returns the chi-squared distribution of the data. The probability determined by CHISQ.TEST can also be determined with CHISQ.DIST, in which case the Chi square of the random sample must then be passed as a parameter instead of the data row.

CHISQ.TEST(DataB; DataE) DataB is the array of the observations. DataE is the range of the expected values.

Data_B (observed) Data_E (expected) 1 195 170 2 151 170 3 148 170 4 189 170 5 183 170 6 154 170

=CHISQ.TEST(A1:A6;B1:B6) equals 0.0209708029. This is the probability which suffices the observed data of the theoretical Chi-square distribution.

COM.MICROSOFT.CHISQ.TEST

CHIDIST function

CHIDIST

Returns the probability value from the indicated Chi square that a hypothesis is confirmed. CHIDIST compares the Chi square value to be given for a random sample that is calculated from the sum of (observed value-expected value)^2/expected value for all values with the theoretical Chi square distribution and determines from this the probability of error for the hypothesis to be tested. The probability determined by CHIDIST can also be determined by CHITEST.

CHIDIST(Number; DegreesFreedom) Number is the chi-square value of the random sample used to determine the error probability. DegreesFreedom are the degrees of freedom of the experiment.

=CHIDIST(13.27; 5) equals 0.02. If the Chi square value of the random sample is 13.27 and if the experiment has 5 degrees of freedom, then the hypothesis is assured with a probability of error of 2%.

CHISQ.DIST function

CHISQ.DIST

Returns the probability density function or the cumulative distribution function for the chi-square distribution.

CHISQ.DIST(Number; DegreesFreedom; Cumulative) Number is the chi-square value of the random sample used to determine the error probability. DegreesFreedom are the degrees of freedom of the experiment. Cumulative can be 0 or False to calculate the probability density function. It can be any other value or True to calculate the cumulative distribution function.

=CHISQ.DIST(3; 2; 0) equals 0.1115650801, the probability density function with 2 degrees of freedom, at x = 3. =CHISQ.DIST(3; 2; 1) equals 0.7768698399, the cumulative chi-square distribution with 2 degrees of freedom, at the value x = 3.

COM.MICROSOFT.CHISQ.DIST

CHISQ.DIST.RT function

CHISQ.DIST.RT

Returns the probability value from the indicated Chi square that a hypothesis is confirmed. CHISQ.DIST.RT compares the Chi square value to be given for a random sample that is calculated from the sum of (observed value-expected value)^2/expected value for all values with the theoretical Chi square distribution and determines from this the probability of error for the hypothesis to be tested. The probability determined by CHISQ.DIST.RT can also be determined by CHITEST.

CHISQ.DIST.RT(Number; DegreesFreedom) Number is the chi-square value of the random sample used to determine the error probability. DegreesFreedom are the degrees of freedom of the experiment.

=CHISQ.DIST.RT(13.27; 5) equals 0.0209757694. If the Chi square value of the random sample is 13.27 and if the experiment has 5 degrees of freedom, then the hypothesis is assured with a probability of error of 2%.

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CHISQDIST function chi-square distribution

CHISQDIST

Returns the value of the probability density function or the cumulative distribution function for the chi-square distribution.

CHISQDIST(Number; Degrees Of Freedom [; Cumulative]) Number is the number for which the function is to be calculated. Degrees Of Freedom is the degrees of freedom for the chi-square function. Cumulative (optional): 0 or False calculates the probability density function. Other values or True or omitted calculates the cumulative distribution function.

EXPONDIST function exponential distributions

EXPONDIST

Returns the exponential distribution.

EXPONDIST(Number; Lambda; C) Number is the value of the function. Lambda is the parameter value.UFI removed a double bookmark C is a logical value that determines the form of the function. C = 0 calculates the density function, and C = 1 calculates the distribution.

=EXPONDIST(3;0.5;1) returns 0.78.

EXPON.DIST function exponential distributions

EXPON.DIST

Returns the exponential distribution.

EXPON.DIST(Number; Lambda; C) Number is the value of the function. Lambda is the parameter value.UFI removed a double bookmark C is a logical value that determines the form of the function. C = 0 calculates the density function, and C = 1 calculates the distribution.

=EXPON.DIST(3;0.5;1) returns 0.7768698399.

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