Adding upstream version 6.1.76.upstream/6.1.76upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

8 files changed, 1283 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/LoadPin.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/LoadPin.rst
new file mode 100644
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+=======
+LoadPin
+=======
+
+LoadPin is a Linux Security Module that ensures all kernel-loaded files
+(modules, firmware, etc) all originate from the same filesystem, with
+the expectation that such a filesystem is backed by a read-only device
+such as dm-verity or CDROM. This allows systems that have a verified
+and/or unchangeable filesystem to enforce module and firmware loading
+restrictions without needing to sign the files individually.
+
+The LSM is selectable at build-time with ``CONFIG_SECURITY_LOADPIN``, and
+can be controlled at boot-time with the kernel command line option
+"``loadpin.enforce``". By default, it is enabled, but can be disabled at
+boot ("``loadpin.enforce=0``").
+
+LoadPin starts pinning when it sees the first file loaded. If the
+block device backing the filesystem is not read-only, a sysctl is
+created to toggle pinning: ``/proc/sys/kernel/loadpin/enabled``. (Having
+a mutable filesystem means pinning is mutable too, but having the
+sysctl allows for easy testing on systems with a mutable filesystem.)
+
+It's also possible to exclude specific file types from LoadPin using kernel
+command line option "``loadpin.exclude``". By default, all files are
+included, but they can be excluded using kernel command line option such
+as "``loadpin.exclude=kernel-module,kexec-image``". This allows to use
+different mechanisms such as ``CONFIG_MODULE_SIG`` and
+``CONFIG_KEXEC_VERIFY_SIG`` to verify kernel module and kernel image while
+still use LoadPin to protect the integrity of other files kernel loads. The
+full list of valid file types can be found in ``kernel_read_file_str``
+defined in ``include/linux/kernel_read_file.h``.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/SELinux.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/SELinux.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..520a1c2c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/SELinux.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+=======
+SELinux
+=======
+
+If you want to use SELinux, chances are you will want
+to use the distro-provided policies, or install the
+latest reference policy release from
+
+	https://github.com/SELinuxProject/refpolicy
+
+However, if you want to install a dummy policy for
+testing, you can do using ``mdp`` provided under
+scripts/selinux.  Note that this requires the selinux
+userspace to be installed - in particular you will
+need checkpolicy to compile a kernel, and setfiles and
+fixfiles to label the filesystem.
+
+	1. Compile the kernel with selinux enabled.
+	2. Type ``make`` to compile ``mdp``.
+	3. Make sure that you are not running with
+	   SELinux enabled and a real policy.  If
+	   you are, reboot with selinux disabled
+	   before continuing.
+	4. Run install_policy.sh::
+
+		cd scripts/selinux
+		sh install_policy.sh
+
+Step 4 will create a new dummy policy valid for your
+kernel, with a single selinux user, role, and type.
+It will compile the policy, will set your ``SELINUXTYPE`` to
+``dummy`` in ``/etc/selinux/config``, install the compiled policy
+as ``dummy``, and relabel your filesystem.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/SafeSetID.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/SafeSetID.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ec34863c
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+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/SafeSetID.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+=========
+SafeSetID
+=========
+SafeSetID is an LSM module that gates the setid family of syscalls to restrict
+UID/GID transitions from a given UID/GID to only those approved by a
+system-wide allowlist. These restrictions also prohibit the given UIDs/GIDs
+from obtaining auxiliary privileges associated with CAP_SET{U/G}ID, such as
+allowing a user to set up user namespace UID/GID mappings.
+
+
+Background
+==========
+In absence of file capabilities, processes spawned on a Linux system that need
+to switch to a different user must be spawned with CAP_SETUID privileges.
+CAP_SETUID is granted to programs running as root or those running as a non-root
+user that have been explicitly given the CAP_SETUID runtime capability. It is
+often preferable to use Linux runtime capabilities rather than file
+capabilities, since using file capabilities to run a program with elevated
+privileges opens up possible security holes since any user with access to the
+file can exec() that program to gain the elevated privileges.
+
+While it is possible to implement a tree of processes by giving full
+CAP_SET{U/G}ID capabilities, this is often at odds with the goals of running a
+tree of processes under non-root user(s) in the first place. Specifically,
+since CAP_SETUID allows changing to any user on the system, including the root
+user, it is an overpowered capability for what is needed in this scenario,
+especially since programs often only call setuid() to drop privileges to a
+lesser-privileged user -- not elevate privileges. Unfortunately, there is no
+generally feasible way in Linux to restrict the potential UIDs that a user can
+switch to through setuid() beyond allowing a switch to any user on the system.
+This SafeSetID LSM seeks to provide a solution for restricting setid
+capabilities in such a way.
+
+The main use case for this LSM is to allow a non-root program to transition to
+other untrusted uids without full blown CAP_SETUID capabilities. The non-root
+program would still need CAP_SETUID to do any kind of transition, but the
+additional restrictions imposed by this LSM would mean it is a "safer" version
+of CAP_SETUID since the non-root program cannot take advantage of CAP_SETUID to
+do any unapproved actions (e.g. setuid to uid 0 or create/enter new user
+namespace). The higher level goal is to allow for uid-based sandboxing of system
+services without having to give out CAP_SETUID all over the place just so that
+non-root programs can drop to even-lesser-privileged uids. This is especially
+relevant when one non-root daemon on the system should be allowed to spawn other
+processes as different uids, but its undesirable to give the daemon a
+basically-root-equivalent CAP_SETUID.
+
+
+Other Approaches Considered
+===========================
+
+Solve this problem in userspace
+-------------------------------
+For candidate applications that would like to have restricted setid capabilities
+as implemented in this LSM, an alternative option would be to simply take away
+setid capabilities from the application completely and refactor the process
+spawning semantics in the application (e.g. by using a privileged helper program
+to do process spawning and UID/GID transitions). Unfortunately, there are a
+number of semantics around process spawning that would be affected by this, such
+as fork() calls where the program doesn't immediately call exec() after the
+fork(), parent processes specifying custom environment variables or command line
+args for spawned child processes, or inheritance of file handles across a
+fork()/exec(). Because of this, as solution that uses a privileged helper in
+userspace would likely be less appealing to incorporate into existing projects
+that rely on certain process-spawning semantics in Linux.
+
+Use user namespaces
+-------------------
+Another possible approach would be to run a given process tree in its own user
+namespace and give programs in the tree setid capabilities. In this way,
+programs in the tree could change to any desired UID/GID in the context of their
+own user namespace, and only approved UIDs/GIDs could be mapped back to the
+initial system user namespace, affectively preventing privilege escalation.
+Unfortunately, it is not generally feasible to use user namespaces in isolation,
+without pairing them with other namespace types, which is not always an option.
+Linux checks for capabilities based off of the user namespace that "owns" some
+entity. For example, Linux has the notion that network namespaces are owned by
+the user namespace in which they were created. A consequence of this is that
+capability checks for access to a given network namespace are done by checking
+whether a task has the given capability in the context of the user namespace
+that owns the network namespace -- not necessarily the user namespace under
+which the given task runs. Therefore spawning a process in a new user namespace
+effectively prevents it from accessing the network namespace owned by the
+initial namespace. This is a deal-breaker for any application that expects to
+retain the CAP_NET_ADMIN capability for the purpose of adjusting network
+configurations. Using user namespaces in isolation causes problems regarding
+other system interactions, including use of pid namespaces and device creation.
+
+Use an existing LSM
+-------------------
+None of the other in-tree LSMs have the capability to gate setid transitions, or
+even employ the security_task_fix_setuid hook at all. SELinux says of that hook:
+"Since setuid only affects the current process, and since the SELinux controls
+are not based on the Linux identity attributes, SELinux does not need to control
+this operation."
+
+
+Directions for use
+==================
+This LSM hooks the setid syscalls to make sure transitions are allowed if an
+applicable restriction policy is in place. Policies are configured through
+securityfs by writing to the safesetid/uid_allowlist_policy and
+safesetid/gid_allowlist_policy files at the location where securityfs is
+mounted. The format for adding a policy is '<UID>:<UID>' or '<GID>:<GID>',
+using literal numbers, and ending with a newline character such as '123:456\n'.
+Writing an empty string "" will flush the policy. Again, configuring a policy
+for a UID/GID will prevent that UID/GID from obtaining auxiliary setid
+privileges, such as allowing a user to set up user namespace UID/GID mappings.
+
+Note on GID policies and setgroups()
+====================================
+In v5.9 we are adding support for limiting CAP_SETGID privileges as was done
+previously for CAP_SETUID. However, for compatibility with common sandboxing
+related code conventions in userspace, we currently allow arbitrary
+setgroups() calls for processes with CAP_SETGID restrictions. Until we add
+support in a future release for restricting setgroups() calls, these GID
+policies add no meaningful security. setgroups() restrictions will be enforced
+once we have the policy checking code in place, which will rely on GID policy
+configuration code added in v5.9.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/Smack.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/Smack.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d44f4fdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/Smack.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,861 @@
+=====
+Smack
+=====
+
+
+    "Good for you, you've decided to clean the elevator!"
+    - The Elevator, from Dark Star
+
+Smack is the Simplified Mandatory Access Control Kernel.
+Smack is a kernel based implementation of mandatory access
+control that includes simplicity in its primary design goals.
+
+Smack is not the only Mandatory Access Control scheme
+available for Linux. Those new to Mandatory Access Control
+are encouraged to compare Smack with the other mechanisms
+available to determine which is best suited to the problem
+at hand.
+
+Smack consists of three major components:
+
+    - The kernel
+    - Basic utilities, which are helpful but not required
+    - Configuration data
+
+The kernel component of Smack is implemented as a Linux
+Security Modules (LSM) module. It requires netlabel and
+works best with file systems that support extended attributes,
+although xattr support is not strictly required.
+It is safe to run a Smack kernel under a "vanilla" distribution.
+
+Smack kernels use the CIPSO IP option. Some network
+configurations are intolerant of IP options and can impede
+access to systems that use them as Smack does.
+
+Smack is used in the Tizen operating system. Please
+go to http://wiki.tizen.org for information about how
+Smack is used in Tizen.
+
+The current git repository for Smack user space is:
+
+	git://github.com/smack-team/smack.git
+
+This should make and install on most modern distributions.
+There are five commands included in smackutil:
+
+chsmack:
+	display or set Smack extended attribute values
+
+smackctl:
+	load the Smack access rules
+
+smackaccess:
+	report if a process with one label has access
+	to an object with another
+
+These two commands are obsolete with the introduction of
+the smackfs/load2 and smackfs/cipso2 interfaces.
+
+smackload:
+	properly formats data for writing to smackfs/load
+
+smackcipso:
+	properly formats data for writing to smackfs/cipso
+
+In keeping with the intent of Smack, configuration data is
+minimal and not strictly required. The most important
+configuration step is mounting the smackfs pseudo filesystem.
+If smackutil is installed the startup script will take care
+of this, but it can be manually as well.
+
+Add this line to ``/etc/fstab``::
+
+    smackfs /sys/fs/smackfs smackfs defaults 0 0
+
+The ``/sys/fs/smackfs`` directory is created by the kernel.
+
+Smack uses extended attributes (xattrs) to store labels on filesystem
+objects. The attributes are stored in the extended attribute security
+name space. A process must have ``CAP_MAC_ADMIN`` to change any of these
+attributes.
+
+The extended attributes that Smack uses are:
+
+SMACK64
+	Used to make access control decisions. In almost all cases
+	the label given to a new filesystem object will be the label
+	of the process that created it.
+
+SMACK64EXEC
+	The Smack label of a process that execs a program file with
+	this attribute set will run with this attribute's value.
+
+SMACK64MMAP
+	Don't allow the file to be mmapped by a process whose Smack
+	label does not allow all of the access permitted to a process
+	with the label contained in this attribute. This is a very
+	specific use case for shared libraries.
+
+SMACK64TRANSMUTE
+	Can only have the value "TRUE". If this attribute is present
+	on a directory when an object is created in the directory and
+	the Smack rule (more below) that permitted the write access
+	to the directory includes the transmute ("t") mode the object
+	gets the label of the directory instead of the label of the
+	creating process. If the object being created is a directory
+	the SMACK64TRANSMUTE attribute is set as well.
+
+SMACK64IPIN
+	This attribute is only available on file descriptors for sockets.
+	Use the Smack label in this attribute for access control
+	decisions on packets being delivered to this socket.
+
+SMACK64IPOUT
+	This attribute is only available on file descriptors for sockets.
+	Use the Smack label in this attribute for access control
+	decisions on packets coming from this socket.
+
+There are multiple ways to set a Smack label on a file::
+
+    # attr -S -s SMACK64 -V "value" path
+    # chsmack -a value path
+
+A process can see the Smack label it is running with by
+reading ``/proc/self/attr/current``. A process with ``CAP_MAC_ADMIN``
+can set the process Smack by writing there.
+
+Most Smack configuration is accomplished by writing to files
+in the smackfs filesystem. This pseudo-filesystem is mounted
+on ``/sys/fs/smackfs``.
+
+access
+	Provided for backward compatibility. The access2 interface
+	is preferred and should be used instead.
+	This interface reports whether a subject with the specified
+	Smack label has a particular access to an object with a
+	specified Smack label. Write a fixed format access rule to
+	this file. The next read will indicate whether the access
+	would be permitted. The text will be either "1" indicating
+	access, or "0" indicating denial.
+
+access2
+	This interface reports whether a subject with the specified
+	Smack label has a particular access to an object with a
+	specified Smack label. Write a long format access rule to
+	this file. The next read will indicate whether the access
+	would be permitted. The text will be either "1" indicating
+	access, or "0" indicating denial.
+
+ambient
+	This contains the Smack label applied to unlabeled network
+	packets.
+
+change-rule
+	This interface allows modification of existing access control rules.
+	The format accepted on write is::
+
+		"%s %s %s %s"
+
+	where the first string is the subject label, the second the
+	object label, the third the access to allow and the fourth the
+	access to deny. The access strings may contain only the characters
+	"rwxat-". If a rule for a given subject and object exists it will be
+	modified by enabling the permissions in the third string and disabling
+	those in the fourth string. If there is no such rule it will be
+	created using the access specified in the third and the fourth strings.
+
+cipso
+	Provided for backward compatibility. The cipso2 interface
+	is preferred and should be used instead.
+	This interface allows a specific CIPSO header to be assigned
+	to a Smack label. The format accepted on write is::
+
+		"%24s%4d%4d"["%4d"]...
+
+	The first string is a fixed Smack label. The first number is
+	the level to use. The second number is the number of categories.
+	The following numbers are the categories::
+
+		"level-3-cats-5-19          3   2   5  19"
+
+cipso2
+	This interface allows a specific CIPSO header to be assigned
+	to a Smack label. The format accepted on write is::
+
+		"%s%4d%4d"["%4d"]...
+
+	The first string is a long Smack label. The first number is
+	the level to use. The second number is the number of categories.
+	The following numbers are the categories::
+
+		"level-3-cats-5-19   3   2   5  19"
+
+direct
+	This contains the CIPSO level used for Smack direct label
+	representation in network packets.
+
+doi
+	This contains the CIPSO domain of interpretation used in
+	network packets.
+
+ipv6host
+	This interface allows specific IPv6 internet addresses to be
+	treated as single label hosts. Packets are sent to single
+	label hosts only from processes that have Smack write access
+	to the host label. All packets received from single label hosts
+	are given the specified label. The format accepted on write is::
+
+		"%h:%h:%h:%h:%h:%h:%h:%h label" or
+		"%h:%h:%h:%h:%h:%h:%h:%h/%d label".
+
+	The "::" address shortcut is not supported.
+	If label is "-DELETE" a matched entry will be deleted.
+
+load
+	Provided for backward compatibility. The load2 interface
+	is preferred and should be used instead.
+	This interface allows access control rules in addition to
+	the system defined rules to be specified. The format accepted
+	on write is::
+
+		"%24s%24s%5s"
+
+	where the first string is the subject label, the second the
+	object label, and the third the requested access. The access
+	string may contain only the characters "rwxat-", and specifies
+	which sort of access is allowed. The "-" is a placeholder for
+	permissions that are not allowed. The string "r-x--" would
+	specify read and execute access. Labels are limited to 23
+	characters in length.
+
+load2
+	This interface allows access control rules in addition to
+	the system defined rules to be specified. The format accepted
+	on write is::
+
+		"%s %s %s"
+
+	where the first string is the subject label, the second the
+	object label, and the third the requested access. The access
+	string may contain only the characters "rwxat-", and specifies
+	which sort of access is allowed. The "-" is a placeholder for
+	permissions that are not allowed. The string "r-x--" would
+	specify read and execute access.
+
+load-self
+	Provided for backward compatibility. The load-self2 interface
+	is preferred and should be used instead.
+	This interface allows process specific access rules to be
+	defined. These rules are only consulted if access would
+	otherwise be permitted, and are intended to provide additional
+	restrictions on the process. The format is the same as for
+	the load interface.
+
+load-self2
+	This interface allows process specific access rules to be
+	defined. These rules are only consulted if access would
+	otherwise be permitted, and are intended to provide additional
+	restrictions on the process. The format is the same as for
+	the load2 interface.
+
+logging
+	This contains the Smack logging state.
+
+mapped
+	This contains the CIPSO level used for Smack mapped label
+	representation in network packets.
+
+netlabel
+	This interface allows specific internet addresses to be
+	treated as single label hosts. Packets are sent to single
+	label hosts without CIPSO headers, but only from processes
+	that have Smack write access to the host label. All packets
+	received from single label hosts are given the specified
+	label. The format accepted on write is::
+
+		"%d.%d.%d.%d label" or "%d.%d.%d.%d/%d label".
+
+	If the label specified is "-CIPSO" the address is treated
+	as a host that supports CIPSO headers.
+
+onlycap
+	This contains labels processes must have for CAP_MAC_ADMIN
+	and ``CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE`` to be effective. If this file is empty
+	these capabilities are effective at for processes with any
+	label. The values are set by writing the desired labels, separated
+	by spaces, to the file or cleared by writing "-" to the file.
+
+ptrace
+	This is used to define the current ptrace policy
+
+	0 - default:
+	    this is the policy that relies on Smack access rules.
+	    For the ``PTRACE_READ`` a subject needs to have a read access on
+	    object. For the ``PTRACE_ATTACH`` a read-write access is required.
+
+	1 - exact:
+	    this is the policy that limits ``PTRACE_ATTACH``. Attach is
+	    only allowed when subject's and object's labels are equal.
+	    ``PTRACE_READ`` is not affected. Can be overridden with ``CAP_SYS_PTRACE``.
+
+	2 - draconian:
+	    this policy behaves like the 'exact' above with an
+	    exception that it can't be overridden with ``CAP_SYS_PTRACE``.
+
+revoke-subject
+	Writing a Smack label here sets the access to '-' for all access
+	rules with that subject label.
+
+unconfined
+	If the kernel is configured with ``CONFIG_SECURITY_SMACK_BRINGUP``
+	a process with ``CAP_MAC_ADMIN`` can write a label into this interface.
+	Thereafter, accesses that involve that label will be logged and
+	the access permitted if it wouldn't be otherwise. Note that this
+	is dangerous and can ruin the proper labeling of your system.
+	It should never be used in production.
+
+relabel-self
+	This interface contains a list of labels to which the process can
+	transition to, by writing to ``/proc/self/attr/current``.
+	Normally a process can change its own label to any legal value, but only
+	if it has ``CAP_MAC_ADMIN``. This interface allows a process without
+	``CAP_MAC_ADMIN`` to relabel itself to one of labels from predefined list.
+	A process without ``CAP_MAC_ADMIN`` can change its label only once. When it
+	does, this list will be cleared.
+	The values are set by writing the desired labels, separated
+	by spaces, to the file or cleared by writing "-" to the file.
+
+If you are using the smackload utility
+you can add access rules in ``/etc/smack/accesses``. They take the form::
+
+    subjectlabel objectlabel access
+
+access is a combination of the letters rwxatb which specify the
+kind of access permitted a subject with subjectlabel on an
+object with objectlabel. If there is no rule no access is allowed.
+
+Look for additional programs on http://schaufler-ca.com
+
+The Simplified Mandatory Access Control Kernel (Whitepaper)
+===========================================================
+
+Casey Schaufler
+casey@schaufler-ca.com
+
+Mandatory Access Control
+------------------------
+
+Computer systems employ a variety of schemes to constrain how information is
+shared among the people and services using the machine. Some of these schemes
+allow the program or user to decide what other programs or users are allowed
+access to pieces of data. These schemes are called discretionary access
+control mechanisms because the access control is specified at the discretion
+of the user. Other schemes do not leave the decision regarding what a user or
+program can access up to users or programs. These schemes are called mandatory
+access control mechanisms because you don't have a choice regarding the users
+or programs that have access to pieces of data.
+
+Bell & LaPadula
+---------------
+
+From the middle of the 1980's until the turn of the century Mandatory Access
+Control (MAC) was very closely associated with the Bell & LaPadula security
+model, a mathematical description of the United States Department of Defense
+policy for marking paper documents. MAC in this form enjoyed a following
+within the Capital Beltway and Scandinavian supercomputer centers but was
+often sited as failing to address general needs.
+
+Domain Type Enforcement
+-----------------------
+
+Around the turn of the century Domain Type Enforcement (DTE) became popular.
+This scheme organizes users, programs, and data into domains that are
+protected from each other. This scheme has been widely deployed as a component
+of popular Linux distributions. The administrative overhead required to
+maintain this scheme and the detailed understanding of the whole system
+necessary to provide a secure domain mapping leads to the scheme being
+disabled or used in limited ways in the majority of cases.
+
+Smack
+-----
+
+Smack is a Mandatory Access Control mechanism designed to provide useful MAC
+while avoiding the pitfalls of its predecessors. The limitations of Bell &
+LaPadula are addressed by providing a scheme whereby access can be controlled
+according to the requirements of the system and its purpose rather than those
+imposed by an arcane government policy. The complexity of Domain Type
+Enforcement and avoided by defining access controls in terms of the access
+modes already in use.
+
+Smack Terminology
+-----------------
+
+The jargon used to talk about Smack will be familiar to those who have dealt
+with other MAC systems and shouldn't be too difficult for the uninitiated to
+pick up. There are four terms that are used in a specific way and that are
+especially important:
+
+  Subject:
+	A subject is an active entity on the computer system.
+	On Smack a subject is a task, which is in turn the basic unit
+	of execution.
+
+  Object:
+	An object is a passive entity on the computer system.
+	On Smack files of all types, IPC, and tasks can be objects.
+
+  Access:
+	Any attempt by a subject to put information into or get
+	information from an object is an access.
+
+  Label:
+	Data that identifies the Mandatory Access Control
+	characteristics of a subject or an object.
+
+These definitions are consistent with the traditional use in the security
+community. There are also some terms from Linux that are likely to crop up:
+
+  Capability:
+	A task that possesses a capability has permission to
+	violate an aspect of the system security policy, as identified by
+	the specific capability. A task that possesses one or more
+	capabilities is a privileged task, whereas a task with no
+	capabilities is an unprivileged task.
+
+  Privilege:
+	A task that is allowed to violate the system security
+	policy is said to have privilege. As of this writing a task can
+	have privilege either by possessing capabilities or by having an
+	effective user of root.
+
+Smack Basics
+------------
+
+Smack is an extension to a Linux system. It enforces additional restrictions
+on what subjects can access which objects, based on the labels attached to
+each of the subject and the object.
+
+Labels
+~~~~~~
+
+Smack labels are ASCII character strings. They can be up to 255 characters
+long, but keeping them to twenty-three characters is recommended.
+Single character labels using special characters, that being anything
+other than a letter or digit, are reserved for use by the Smack development
+team. Smack labels are unstructured, case sensitive, and the only operation
+ever performed on them is comparison for equality. Smack labels cannot
+contain unprintable characters, the "/" (slash), the "\" (backslash), the "'"
+(quote) and '"' (double-quote) characters.
+Smack labels cannot begin with a '-'. This is reserved for special options.
+
+There are some predefined labels::
+
+	_ 	Pronounced "floor", a single underscore character.
+	^ 	Pronounced "hat", a single circumflex character.
+	* 	Pronounced "star", a single asterisk character.
+	? 	Pronounced "huh", a single question mark character.
+	@ 	Pronounced "web", a single at sign character.
+
+Every task on a Smack system is assigned a label. The Smack label
+of a process will usually be assigned by the system initialization
+mechanism.
+
+Access Rules
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Smack uses the traditional access modes of Linux. These modes are read,
+execute, write, and occasionally append. There are a few cases where the
+access mode may not be obvious. These include:
+
+  Signals:
+	A signal is a write operation from the subject task to
+	the object task.
+
+  Internet Domain IPC:
+	Transmission of a packet is considered a
+	write operation from the source task to the destination task.
+
+Smack restricts access based on the label attached to a subject and the label
+attached to the object it is trying to access. The rules enforced are, in
+order:
+
+	1. Any access requested by a task labeled "*" is denied.
+	2. A read or execute access requested by a task labeled "^"
+	   is permitted.
+	3. A read or execute access requested on an object labeled "_"
+	   is permitted.
+	4. Any access requested on an object labeled "*" is permitted.
+	5. Any access requested by a task on an object with the same
+	   label is permitted.
+	6. Any access requested that is explicitly defined in the loaded
+	   rule set is permitted.
+	7. Any other access is denied.
+
+Smack Access Rules
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+With the isolation provided by Smack access separation is simple. There are
+many interesting cases where limited access by subjects to objects with
+different labels is desired. One example is the familiar spy model of
+sensitivity, where a scientist working on a highly classified project would be
+able to read documents of lower classifications and anything she writes will
+be "born" highly classified. To accommodate such schemes Smack includes a
+mechanism for specifying rules allowing access between labels.
+
+Access Rule Format
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The format of an access rule is::
+
+	subject-label object-label access
+
+Where subject-label is the Smack label of the task, object-label is the Smack
+label of the thing being accessed, and access is a string specifying the sort
+of access allowed. The access specification is searched for letters that
+describe access modes:
+
+	a: indicates that append access should be granted.
+	r: indicates that read access should be granted.
+	w: indicates that write access should be granted.
+	x: indicates that execute access should be granted.
+	t: indicates that the rule requests transmutation.
+	b: indicates that the rule should be reported for bring-up.
+
+Uppercase values for the specification letters are allowed as well.
+Access mode specifications can be in any order. Examples of acceptable rules
+are::
+
+	TopSecret Secret  rx
+	Secret    Unclass R
+	Manager   Game    x
+	User      HR      w
+	Snap      Crackle rwxatb
+	New       Old     rRrRr
+	Closed    Off     -
+
+Examples of unacceptable rules are::
+
+	Top Secret Secret     rx
+	Ace        Ace        r
+	Odd        spells     waxbeans
+
+Spaces are not allowed in labels. Since a subject always has access to files
+with the same label specifying a rule for that case is pointless. Only
+valid letters (rwxatbRWXATB) and the dash ('-') character are allowed in
+access specifications. The dash is a placeholder, so "a-r" is the same
+as "ar". A lone dash is used to specify that no access should be allowed.
+
+Applying Access Rules
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The developers of Linux rarely define new sorts of things, usually importing
+schemes and concepts from other systems. Most often, the other systems are
+variants of Unix. Unix has many endearing properties, but consistency of
+access control models is not one of them. Smack strives to treat accesses as
+uniformly as is sensible while keeping with the spirit of the underlying
+mechanism.
+
+File system objects including files, directories, named pipes, symbolic links,
+and devices require access permissions that closely match those used by mode
+bit access. To open a file for reading read access is required on the file. To
+search a directory requires execute access. Creating a file with write access
+requires both read and write access on the containing directory. Deleting a
+file requires read and write access to the file and to the containing
+directory. It is possible that a user may be able to see that a file exists
+but not any of its attributes by the circumstance of having read access to the
+containing directory but not to the differently labeled file. This is an
+artifact of the file name being data in the directory, not a part of the file.
+
+If a directory is marked as transmuting (SMACK64TRANSMUTE=TRUE) and the
+access rule that allows a process to create an object in that directory
+includes 't' access the label assigned to the new object will be that
+of the directory, not the creating process. This makes it much easier
+for two processes with different labels to share data without granting
+access to all of their files.
+
+IPC objects, message queues, semaphore sets, and memory segments exist in flat
+namespaces and access requests are only required to match the object in
+question.
+
+Process objects reflect tasks on the system and the Smack label used to access
+them is the same Smack label that the task would use for its own access
+attempts. Sending a signal via the kill() system call is a write operation
+from the signaler to the recipient. Debugging a process requires both reading
+and writing. Creating a new task is an internal operation that results in two
+tasks with identical Smack labels and requires no access checks.
+
+Sockets are data structures attached to processes and sending a packet from
+one process to another requires that the sender have write access to the
+receiver. The receiver is not required to have read access to the sender.
+
+Setting Access Rules
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The configuration file /etc/smack/accesses contains the rules to be set at
+system startup. The contents are written to the special file
+/sys/fs/smackfs/load2. Rules can be added at any time and take effect
+immediately. For any pair of subject and object labels there can be only
+one rule, with the most recently specified overriding any earlier
+specification.
+
+Task Attribute
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The Smack label of a process can be read from /proc/<pid>/attr/current. A
+process can read its own Smack label from /proc/self/attr/current. A
+privileged process can change its own Smack label by writing to
+/proc/self/attr/current but not the label of another process.
+
+File Attribute
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The Smack label of a filesystem object is stored as an extended attribute
+named SMACK64 on the file. This attribute is in the security namespace. It can
+only be changed by a process with privilege.
+
+Privilege
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+A process with CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE or CAP_MAC_ADMIN is privileged.
+CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE allows the process access to objects it would
+be denied otherwise. CAP_MAC_ADMIN allows a process to change
+Smack data, including rules and attributes.
+
+Smack Networking
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+As mentioned before, Smack enforces access control on network protocol
+transmissions. Every packet sent by a Smack process is tagged with its Smack
+label. This is done by adding a CIPSO tag to the header of the IP packet. Each
+packet received is expected to have a CIPSO tag that identifies the label and
+if it lacks such a tag the network ambient label is assumed. Before the packet
+is delivered a check is made to determine that a subject with the label on the
+packet has write access to the receiving process and if that is not the case
+the packet is dropped.
+
+CIPSO Configuration
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+It is normally unnecessary to specify the CIPSO configuration. The default
+values used by the system handle all internal cases. Smack will compose CIPSO
+label values to match the Smack labels being used without administrative
+intervention. Unlabeled packets that come into the system will be given the
+ambient label.
+
+Smack requires configuration in the case where packets from a system that is
+not Smack that speaks CIPSO may be encountered. Usually this will be a Trusted
+Solaris system, but there are other, less widely deployed systems out there.
+CIPSO provides 3 important values, a Domain Of Interpretation (DOI), a level,
+and a category set with each packet. The DOI is intended to identify a group
+of systems that use compatible labeling schemes, and the DOI specified on the
+Smack system must match that of the remote system or packets will be
+discarded. The DOI is 3 by default. The value can be read from
+/sys/fs/smackfs/doi and can be changed by writing to /sys/fs/smackfs/doi.
+
+The label and category set are mapped to a Smack label as defined in
+/etc/smack/cipso.
+
+A Smack/CIPSO mapping has the form::
+
+	smack level [category [category]*]
+
+Smack does not expect the level or category sets to be related in any
+particular way and does not assume or assign accesses based on them. Some
+examples of mappings::
+
+	TopSecret 7
+	TS:A,B    7 1 2
+	SecBDE    5 2 4 6
+	RAFTERS   7 12 26
+
+The ":" and "," characters are permitted in a Smack label but have no special
+meaning.
+
+The mapping of Smack labels to CIPSO values is defined by writing to
+/sys/fs/smackfs/cipso2.
+
+In addition to explicit mappings Smack supports direct CIPSO mappings. One
+CIPSO level is used to indicate that the category set passed in the packet is
+in fact an encoding of the Smack label. The level used is 250 by default. The
+value can be read from /sys/fs/smackfs/direct and changed by writing to
+/sys/fs/smackfs/direct.
+
+Socket Attributes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+There are two attributes that are associated with sockets. These attributes
+can only be set by privileged tasks, but any task can read them for their own
+sockets.
+
+  SMACK64IPIN:
+	The Smack label of the task object. A privileged
+	program that will enforce policy may set this to the star label.
+
+  SMACK64IPOUT:
+	The Smack label transmitted with outgoing packets.
+	A privileged program may set this to match the label of another
+	task with which it hopes to communicate.
+
+Smack Netlabel Exceptions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You will often find that your labeled application has to talk to the outside,
+unlabeled world. To do this there's a special file /sys/fs/smackfs/netlabel
+where you can add some exceptions in the form of::
+
+	@IP1	   LABEL1 or
+	@IP2/MASK  LABEL2
+
+It means that your application will have unlabeled access to @IP1 if it has
+write access on LABEL1, and access to the subnet @IP2/MASK if it has write
+access on LABEL2.
+
+Entries in the /sys/fs/smackfs/netlabel file are matched by longest mask
+first, like in classless IPv4 routing.
+
+A special label '@' and an option '-CIPSO' can be used there::
+
+	@      means Internet, any application with any label has access to it
+	-CIPSO means standard CIPSO networking
+
+If you don't know what CIPSO is and don't plan to use it, you can just do::
+
+	echo 127.0.0.1 -CIPSO > /sys/fs/smackfs/netlabel
+	echo 0.0.0.0/0 @      > /sys/fs/smackfs/netlabel
+
+If you use CIPSO on your 192.168.0.0/16 local network and need also unlabeled
+Internet access, you can have::
+
+	echo 127.0.0.1      -CIPSO > /sys/fs/smackfs/netlabel
+	echo 192.168.0.0/16 -CIPSO > /sys/fs/smackfs/netlabel
+	echo 0.0.0.0/0      @      > /sys/fs/smackfs/netlabel
+
+Writing Applications for Smack
+------------------------------
+
+There are three sorts of applications that will run on a Smack system. How an
+application interacts with Smack will determine what it will have to do to
+work properly under Smack.
+
+Smack Ignorant Applications
+---------------------------
+
+By far the majority of applications have no reason whatever to care about the
+unique properties of Smack. Since invoking a program has no impact on the
+Smack label associated with the process the only concern likely to arise is
+whether the process has execute access to the program.
+
+Smack Relevant Applications
+---------------------------
+
+Some programs can be improved by teaching them about Smack, but do not make
+any security decisions themselves. The utility ls(1) is one example of such a
+program.
+
+Smack Enforcing Applications
+----------------------------
+
+These are special programs that not only know about Smack, but participate in
+the enforcement of system policy. In most cases these are the programs that
+set up user sessions. There are also network services that provide information
+to processes running with various labels.
+
+File System Interfaces
+----------------------
+
+Smack maintains labels on file system objects using extended attributes. The
+Smack label of a file, directory, or other file system object can be obtained
+using getxattr(2)::
+
+	len = getxattr("/", "security.SMACK64", value, sizeof (value));
+
+will put the Smack label of the root directory into value. A privileged
+process can set the Smack label of a file system object with setxattr(2)::
+
+	len = strlen("Rubble");
+	rc = setxattr("/foo", "security.SMACK64", "Rubble", len, 0);
+
+will set the Smack label of /foo to "Rubble" if the program has appropriate
+privilege.
+
+Socket Interfaces
+-----------------
+
+The socket attributes can be read using fgetxattr(2).
+
+A privileged process can set the Smack label of outgoing packets with
+fsetxattr(2)::
+
+	len = strlen("Rubble");
+	rc = fsetxattr(fd, "security.SMACK64IPOUT", "Rubble", len, 0);
+
+will set the Smack label "Rubble" on packets going out from the socket if the
+program has appropriate privilege::
+
+	rc = fsetxattr(fd, "security.SMACK64IPIN, "*", strlen("*"), 0);
+
+will set the Smack label "*" as the object label against which incoming
+packets will be checked if the program has appropriate privilege.
+
+Administration
+--------------
+
+Smack supports some mount options:
+
+  smackfsdef=label:
+	specifies the label to give files that lack
+	the Smack label extended attribute.
+
+  smackfsroot=label:
+	specifies the label to assign the root of the
+	file system if it lacks the Smack extended attribute.
+
+  smackfshat=label:
+	specifies a label that must have read access to
+	all labels set on the filesystem. Not yet enforced.
+
+  smackfsfloor=label:
+	specifies a label to which all labels set on the
+	filesystem must have read access. Not yet enforced.
+
+  smackfstransmute=label:
+	behaves exactly like smackfsroot except that it also
+	sets the transmute flag on the root of the mount
+
+These mount options apply to all file system types.
+
+Smack auditing
+--------------
+
+If you want Smack auditing of security events, you need to set CONFIG_AUDIT
+in your kernel configuration.
+By default, all denied events will be audited. You can change this behavior by
+writing a single character to the /sys/fs/smackfs/logging file::
+
+	0 : no logging
+	1 : log denied (default)
+	2 : log accepted
+	3 : log denied & accepted
+
+Events are logged as 'key=value' pairs, for each event you at least will get
+the subject, the object, the rights requested, the action, the kernel function
+that triggered the event, plus other pairs depending on the type of event
+audited.
+
+Bringup Mode
+------------
+
+Bringup mode provides logging features that can make application
+configuration and system bringup easier. Configure the kernel with
+CONFIG_SECURITY_SMACK_BRINGUP to enable these features. When bringup
+mode is enabled accesses that succeed due to rules marked with the "b"
+access mode will logged. When a new label is introduced for processes
+rules can be added aggressively, marked with the "b". The logging allows
+tracking of which rules actual get used for that label.
+
+Another feature of bringup mode is the "unconfined" option. Writing
+a label to /sys/fs/smackfs/unconfined makes subjects with that label
+able to access any object, and objects with that label accessible to
+all subjects. Any access that is granted because a label is unconfined
+is logged. This feature is dangerous, as files and directories may
+be created in places they couldn't if the policy were being enforced.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/Yama.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/Yama.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9cd937eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/Yama.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+====
+Yama
+====
+
+Yama is a Linux Security Module that collects system-wide DAC security
+protections that are not handled by the core kernel itself. This is
+selectable at build-time with ``CONFIG_SECURITY_YAMA``, and can be controlled
+at run-time through sysctls in ``/proc/sys/kernel/yama``:
+
+ptrace_scope
+============
+
+As Linux grows in popularity, it will become a larger target for
+malware. One particularly troubling weakness of the Linux process
+interfaces is that a single user is able to examine the memory and
+running state of any of their processes. For example, if one application
+(e.g. Pidgin) was compromised, it would be possible for an attacker to
+attach to other running processes (e.g. Firefox, SSH sessions, GPG agent,
+etc) to extract additional credentials and continue to expand the scope
+of their attack without resorting to user-assisted phishing.
+
+This is not a theoretical problem. `SSH session hijacking
+<https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-05/bh-us-05-boileau.pdf>`_
+and `arbitrary code injection
+<https://c-skills.blogspot.com/2007/05/injectso.html>`_ attacks already
+exist and remain possible if ptrace is allowed to operate as before.
+Since ptrace is not commonly used by non-developers and non-admins, system
+builders should be allowed the option to disable this debugging system.
+
+For a solution, some applications use ``prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE, ...)`` to
+specifically disallow such ptrace attachment (e.g. ssh-agent), but many
+do not. A more general solution is to only allow ptrace directly from a
+parent to a child process (i.e. direct "gdb EXE" and "strace EXE" still
+work), or with ``CAP_SYS_PTRACE`` (i.e. "gdb --pid=PID", and "strace -p PID"
+still work as root).
+
+In mode 1, software that has defined application-specific relationships
+between a debugging process and its inferior (crash handlers, etc),
+``prctl(PR_SET_PTRACER, pid, ...)`` can be used. An inferior can declare which
+other process (and its descendants) are allowed to call ``PTRACE_ATTACH``
+against it. Only one such declared debugging process can exists for
+each inferior at a time. For example, this is used by KDE, Chromium, and
+Firefox's crash handlers, and by Wine for allowing only Wine processes
+to ptrace each other. If a process wishes to entirely disable these ptrace
+restrictions, it can call ``prctl(PR_SET_PTRACER, PR_SET_PTRACER_ANY, ...)``
+so that any otherwise allowed process (even those in external pid namespaces)
+may attach.
+
+The sysctl settings (writable only with ``CAP_SYS_PTRACE``) are:
+
+0 - classic ptrace permissions:
+    a process can ``PTRACE_ATTACH`` to any other
+    process running under the same uid, as long as it is dumpable (i.e.
+    did not transition uids, start privileged, or have called
+    ``prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE...)`` already). Similarly, ``PTRACE_TRACEME`` is
+    unchanged.
+
+1 - restricted ptrace:
+    a process must have a predefined relationship
+    with the inferior it wants to call ``PTRACE_ATTACH`` on. By default,
+    this relationship is that of only its descendants when the above
+    classic criteria is also met. To change the relationship, an
+    inferior can call ``prctl(PR_SET_PTRACER, debugger, ...)`` to declare
+    an allowed debugger PID to call ``PTRACE_ATTACH`` on the inferior.
+    Using ``PTRACE_TRACEME`` is unchanged.
+
+2 - admin-only attach:
+    only processes with ``CAP_SYS_PTRACE`` may use ptrace, either with
+    ``PTRACE_ATTACH`` or through children calling ``PTRACE_TRACEME``.
+
+3 - no attach:
+    no processes may use ptrace with ``PTRACE_ATTACH`` nor via
+    ``PTRACE_TRACEME``. Once set, this sysctl value cannot be changed.
+
+The original children-only logic was based on the restrictions in grsecurity.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/apparmor.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/apparmor.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6cf81bbd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/apparmor.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+========
+AppArmor
+========
+
+What is AppArmor?
+=================
+
+AppArmor is MAC style security extension for the Linux kernel.  It implements
+a task centered policy, with task "profiles" being created and loaded
+from user space.  Tasks on the system that do not have a profile defined for
+them run in an unconfined state which is equivalent to standard Linux DAC
+permissions.
+
+How to enable/disable
+=====================
+
+set ``CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR=y``
+
+If AppArmor should be selected as the default security module then set::
+
+   CONFIG_DEFAULT_SECURITY="apparmor"
+   CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR_BOOTPARAM_VALUE=1
+
+Build the kernel
+
+If AppArmor is not the default security module it can be enabled by passing
+``security=apparmor`` on the kernel's command line.
+
+If AppArmor is the default security module it can be disabled by passing
+``apparmor=0, security=XXXX`` (where ``XXXX`` is valid security module), on the
+kernel's command line.
+
+For AppArmor to enforce any restrictions beyond standard Linux DAC permissions
+policy must be loaded into the kernel from user space (see the Documentation
+and tools links).
+
+Documentation
+=============
+
+Documentation can be found on the wiki, linked below.
+
+Links
+=====
+
+Mailing List - apparmor@lists.ubuntu.com
+
+Wiki - http://wiki.apparmor.net
+
+User space tools - https://gitlab.com/apparmor
+
+Kernel module - git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jj/linux-apparmor
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6ba95fba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+===========================
+Linux Security Module Usage
+===========================
+
+The Linux Security Module (LSM) framework provides a mechanism for
+various security checks to be hooked by new kernel extensions. The name
+"module" is a bit of a misnomer since these extensions are not actually
+loadable kernel modules. Instead, they are selectable at build-time via
+CONFIG_DEFAULT_SECURITY and can be overridden at boot-time via the
+``"security=..."`` kernel command line argument, in the case where multiple
+LSMs were built into a given kernel.
+
+The primary users of the LSM interface are Mandatory Access Control
+(MAC) extensions which provide a comprehensive security policy. Examples
+include SELinux, Smack, Tomoyo, and AppArmor. In addition to the larger
+MAC extensions, other extensions can be built using the LSM to provide
+specific changes to system operation when these tweaks are not available
+in the core functionality of Linux itself.
+
+The Linux capabilities modules will always be included. This may be
+followed by any number of "minor" modules and at most one "major" module.
+For more details on capabilities, see ``capabilities(7)`` in the Linux
+man-pages project.
+
+A list of the active security modules can be found by reading
+``/sys/kernel/security/lsm``. This is a comma separated list, and
+will always include the capability module. The list reflects the
+order in which checks are made. The capability module will always
+be first, followed by any "minor" modules (e.g. Yama) and then
+the one "major" module (e.g. SELinux) if there is one configured.
+
+Process attributes associated with "major" security modules should
+be accessed and maintained using the special files in ``/proc/.../attr``.
+A security module may maintain a module specific subdirectory there,
+named after the module. ``/proc/.../attr/smack`` is provided by the Smack
+security module and contains all its special files. The files directly
+in ``/proc/.../attr`` remain as legacy interfaces for modules that provide
+subdirectories.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 1
+
+   apparmor
+   LoadPin
+   SELinux
+   Smack
+   tomoyo
+   Yama
+   SafeSetID
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/tomoyo.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/tomoyo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4bc9c2b4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/tomoyo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+======
+TOMOYO
+======
+
+What is TOMOYO?
+===============
+
+TOMOYO is a name-based MAC extension (LSM module) for the Linux kernel.
+
+LiveCD-based tutorials are available at
+
+http://tomoyo.sourceforge.jp/1.8/ubuntu12.04-live.html
+http://tomoyo.sourceforge.jp/1.8/centos6-live.html
+
+Though these tutorials use non-LSM version of TOMOYO, they are useful for you
+to know what TOMOYO is.
+
+How to enable TOMOYO?
+=====================
+
+Build the kernel with ``CONFIG_SECURITY_TOMOYO=y`` and pass ``security=tomoyo`` on
+kernel's command line.
+
+Please see http://tomoyo.osdn.jp/2.5/ for details.
+
+Where is documentation?
+=======================
+
+User <-> Kernel interface documentation is available at
+https://tomoyo.osdn.jp/2.5/policy-specification/index.html .
+
+Materials we prepared for seminars and symposiums are available at
+https://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/?category_id=532&language_id=1 .
+Below lists are chosen from three aspects.
+
+What is TOMOYO?
+  TOMOYO Linux Overview
+    https://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/lca2009-takeda.pdf
+  TOMOYO Linux: pragmatic and manageable security for Linux
+    https://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/freedomhectaipei-tomoyo.pdf
+  TOMOYO Linux: A Practical Method to Understand and Protect Your Own Linux Box
+    https://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/PacSec2007-en-no-demo.pdf
+
+What can TOMOYO do?
+  Deep inside TOMOYO Linux
+    https://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/lca2009-kumaneko.pdf
+  The role of "pathname based access control" in security.
+    https://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/lfj2008-bof.pdf
+
+History of TOMOYO?
+  Realities of Mainlining
+    https://osdn.jp/projects/tomoyo/docs/lfj2008.pdf
+
+What is future plan?
+====================
+
+We believe that inode based security and name based security are complementary
+and both should be used together. But unfortunately, so far, we cannot enable
+multiple LSM modules at the same time. We feel sorry that you have to give up
+SELinux/SMACK/AppArmor etc. when you want to use TOMOYO.
+
+We hope that LSM becomes stackable in future. Meanwhile, you can use non-LSM
+version of TOMOYO, available at http://tomoyo.osdn.jp/1.8/ .
+LSM version of TOMOYO is a subset of non-LSM version of TOMOYO. We are planning
+to port non-LSM version's functionalities to LSM versions.