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diff --git a/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/ext-ctrls-camera.rst b/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/ext-ctrls-camera.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c5061aa9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/ext-ctrls-camera.rst @@ -0,0 +1,663 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later + +.. _camera-controls: + +************************ +Camera Control Reference +************************ + +The Camera class includes controls for mechanical (or equivalent +digital) features of a device such as controllable lenses or sensors. + + +.. _camera-control-id: + +Camera Control IDs +================== + +``V4L2_CID_CAMERA_CLASS (class)`` + The Camera class descriptor. Calling + :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL` for this control will + return a description of this control class. + +.. _v4l2-exposure-auto-type: + +``V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE_AUTO`` + (enum) + +enum v4l2_exposure_auto_type - + Enables automatic adjustments of the exposure time and/or iris + aperture. The effect of manual changes of the exposure time or iris + aperture while these features are enabled is undefined, drivers + should ignore such requests. Possible values are: + + +.. tabularcolumns:: |p{7.1cm}|p{10.4cm}| + +.. flat-table:: + :header-rows: 0 + :stub-columns: 0 + + * - ``V4L2_EXPOSURE_AUTO`` + - Automatic exposure time, automatic iris aperture. + * - ``V4L2_EXPOSURE_MANUAL`` + - Manual exposure time, manual iris. + * - ``V4L2_EXPOSURE_SHUTTER_PRIORITY`` + - Manual exposure time, auto iris. + * - ``V4L2_EXPOSURE_APERTURE_PRIORITY`` + - Auto exposure time, manual iris. + + + +``V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE_ABSOLUTE (integer)`` + Determines the exposure time of the camera sensor. The exposure time + is limited by the frame interval. Drivers should interpret the + values as 100 µs units, where the value 1 stands for 1/10000th of a + second, 10000 for 1 second and 100000 for 10 seconds. + +``V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE_AUTO_PRIORITY (boolean)`` + When ``V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE_AUTO`` is set to ``AUTO`` or + ``APERTURE_PRIORITY``, this control determines if the device may + dynamically vary the frame rate. By default this feature is disabled + (0) and the frame rate must remain constant. + +``V4L2_CID_AUTO_EXPOSURE_BIAS (integer menu)`` + Determines the automatic exposure compensation, it is effective only + when ``V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE_AUTO`` control is set to ``AUTO``, + ``SHUTTER_PRIORITY`` or ``APERTURE_PRIORITY``. It is expressed in + terms of EV, drivers should interpret the values as 0.001 EV units, + where the value 1000 stands for +1 EV. + + Increasing the exposure compensation value is equivalent to + decreasing the exposure value (EV) and will increase the amount of + light at the image sensor. The camera performs the exposure + compensation by adjusting absolute exposure time and/or aperture. + +.. _v4l2-exposure-metering: + +``V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE_METERING`` + (enum) + +enum v4l2_exposure_metering - + Determines how the camera measures the amount of light available for + the frame exposure. Possible values are: + +.. tabularcolumns:: |p{8.7cm}|p{8.7cm}| + +.. flat-table:: + :header-rows: 0 + :stub-columns: 0 + + * - ``V4L2_EXPOSURE_METERING_AVERAGE`` + - Use the light information coming from the entire frame and average + giving no weighting to any particular portion of the metered area. + * - ``V4L2_EXPOSURE_METERING_CENTER_WEIGHTED`` + - Average the light information coming from the entire frame giving + priority to the center of the metered area. + * - ``V4L2_EXPOSURE_METERING_SPOT`` + - Measure only very small area at the center of the frame. + * - ``V4L2_EXPOSURE_METERING_MATRIX`` + - A multi-zone metering. The light intensity is measured in several + points of the frame and the results are combined. The algorithm of + the zones selection and their significance in calculating the + final value is device dependent. + + + +``V4L2_CID_PAN_RELATIVE (integer)`` + This control turns the camera horizontally by the specified amount. + The unit is undefined. A positive value moves the camera to the + right (clockwise when viewed from above), a negative value to the + left. A value of zero does not cause motion. This is a write-only + control. + +``V4L2_CID_TILT_RELATIVE (integer)`` + This control turns the camera vertically by the specified amount. + The unit is undefined. A positive value moves the camera up, a + negative value down. A value of zero does not cause motion. This is + a write-only control. + +``V4L2_CID_PAN_RESET (button)`` + When this control is set, the camera moves horizontally to the + default position. + +``V4L2_CID_TILT_RESET (button)`` + When this control is set, the camera moves vertically to the default + position. + +``V4L2_CID_PAN_ABSOLUTE (integer)`` + This control turns the camera horizontally to the specified + position. Positive values move the camera to the right (clockwise + when viewed from above), negative values to the left. Drivers should + interpret the values as arc seconds, with valid values between -180 + * 3600 and +180 * 3600 inclusive. + +``V4L2_CID_TILT_ABSOLUTE (integer)`` + This control turns the camera vertically to the specified position. + Positive values move the camera up, negative values down. Drivers + should interpret the values as arc seconds, with valid values + between -180 * 3600 and +180 * 3600 inclusive. + +``V4L2_CID_FOCUS_ABSOLUTE (integer)`` + This control sets the focal point of the camera to the specified + position. The unit is undefined. Positive values set the focus + closer to the camera, negative values towards infinity. + +``V4L2_CID_FOCUS_RELATIVE (integer)`` + This control moves the focal point of the camera by the specified + amount. The unit is undefined. Positive values move the focus closer + to the camera, negative values towards infinity. This is a + write-only control. + +``V4L2_CID_FOCUS_AUTO (boolean)`` + Enables continuous automatic focus adjustments. The effect of manual + focus adjustments while this feature is enabled is undefined, + drivers should ignore such requests. + +``V4L2_CID_AUTO_FOCUS_START (button)`` + Starts single auto focus process. The effect of setting this control + when ``V4L2_CID_FOCUS_AUTO`` is set to ``TRUE`` (1) is undefined, + drivers should ignore such requests. + +``V4L2_CID_AUTO_FOCUS_STOP (button)`` + Aborts automatic focusing started with ``V4L2_CID_AUTO_FOCUS_START`` + control. It is effective only when the continuous autofocus is + disabled, that is when ``V4L2_CID_FOCUS_AUTO`` control is set to + ``FALSE`` (0). + +.. _v4l2-auto-focus-status: + +``V4L2_CID_AUTO_FOCUS_STATUS (bitmask)`` + The automatic focus status. This is a read-only control. + + Setting ``V4L2_LOCK_FOCUS`` lock bit of the ``V4L2_CID_3A_LOCK`` + control may stop updates of the ``V4L2_CID_AUTO_FOCUS_STATUS`` + control value. + +.. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.8cm}|p{10.7cm}| + +.. flat-table:: + :header-rows: 0 + :stub-columns: 0 + + * - ``V4L2_AUTO_FOCUS_STATUS_IDLE`` + - Automatic focus is not active. + * - ``V4L2_AUTO_FOCUS_STATUS_BUSY`` + - Automatic focusing is in progress. + * - ``V4L2_AUTO_FOCUS_STATUS_REACHED`` + - Focus has been reached. + * - ``V4L2_AUTO_FOCUS_STATUS_FAILED`` + - Automatic focus has failed, the driver will not transition from + this state until another action is performed by an application. + + + +.. _v4l2-auto-focus-range: + +``V4L2_CID_AUTO_FOCUS_RANGE`` + (enum) + +enum v4l2_auto_focus_range - + Determines auto focus distance range for which lens may be adjusted. + +.. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.9cm}|p{10.6cm}| + +.. flat-table:: + :header-rows: 0 + :stub-columns: 0 + + * - ``V4L2_AUTO_FOCUS_RANGE_AUTO`` + - The camera automatically selects the focus range. + * - ``V4L2_AUTO_FOCUS_RANGE_NORMAL`` + - Normal distance range, limited for best automatic focus + performance. + * - ``V4L2_AUTO_FOCUS_RANGE_MACRO`` + - Macro (close-up) auto focus. The camera will use its minimum + possible distance for auto focus. + * - ``V4L2_AUTO_FOCUS_RANGE_INFINITY`` + - The lens is set to focus on an object at infinite distance. + + + +``V4L2_CID_ZOOM_ABSOLUTE (integer)`` + Specify the objective lens focal length as an absolute value. The + zoom unit is driver-specific and its value should be a positive + integer. + +``V4L2_CID_ZOOM_RELATIVE (integer)`` + Specify the objective lens focal length relatively to the current + value. Positive values move the zoom lens group towards the + telephoto direction, negative values towards the wide-angle + direction. The zoom unit is driver-specific. This is a write-only + control. + +``V4L2_CID_ZOOM_CONTINUOUS (integer)`` + Move the objective lens group at the specified speed until it + reaches physical device limits or until an explicit request to stop + the movement. A positive value moves the zoom lens group towards the + telephoto direction. A value of zero stops the zoom lens group + movement. A negative value moves the zoom lens group towards the + wide-angle direction. The zoom speed unit is driver-specific. + +``V4L2_CID_IRIS_ABSOLUTE (integer)`` + This control sets the camera's aperture to the specified value. The + unit is undefined. Larger values open the iris wider, smaller values + close it. + +``V4L2_CID_IRIS_RELATIVE (integer)`` + This control modifies the camera's aperture by the specified amount. + The unit is undefined. Positive values open the iris one step + further, negative values close it one step further. This is a + write-only control. + +``V4L2_CID_PRIVACY (boolean)`` + Prevent video from being acquired by the camera. When this control + is set to ``TRUE`` (1), no image can be captured by the camera. + Common means to enforce privacy are mechanical obturation of the + sensor and firmware image processing, but the device is not + restricted to these methods. Devices that implement the privacy + control must support read access and may support write access. + +``V4L2_CID_BAND_STOP_FILTER (integer)`` + Switch the band-stop filter of a camera sensor on or off, or specify + its strength. Such band-stop filters can be used, for example, to + filter out the fluorescent light component. + +.. _v4l2-auto-n-preset-white-balance: + +``V4L2_CID_AUTO_N_PRESET_WHITE_BALANCE`` + (enum) + +enum v4l2_auto_n_preset_white_balance - + Sets white balance to automatic, manual or a preset. The presets + determine color temperature of the light as a hint to the camera for + white balance adjustments resulting in most accurate color + representation. The following white balance presets are listed in + order of increasing color temperature. + +.. tabularcolumns:: |p{7.4cm}|p{10.1cm}| + +.. flat-table:: + :header-rows: 0 + :stub-columns: 0 + + * - ``V4L2_WHITE_BALANCE_MANUAL`` + - Manual white balance. + * - ``V4L2_WHITE_BALANCE_AUTO`` + - Automatic white balance adjustments. + * - ``V4L2_WHITE_BALANCE_INCANDESCENT`` + - White balance setting for incandescent (tungsten) lighting. It + generally cools down the colors and corresponds approximately to + 2500...3500 K color temperature range. + * - ``V4L2_WHITE_BALANCE_FLUORESCENT`` + - White balance preset for fluorescent lighting. It corresponds + approximately to 4000...5000 K color temperature. + * - ``V4L2_WHITE_BALANCE_FLUORESCENT_H`` + - With this setting the camera will compensate for fluorescent H + lighting. + * - ``V4L2_WHITE_BALANCE_HORIZON`` + - White balance setting for horizon daylight. It corresponds + approximately to 5000 K color temperature. + * - ``V4L2_WHITE_BALANCE_DAYLIGHT`` + - White balance preset for daylight (with clear sky). It corresponds + approximately to 5000...6500 K color temperature. + * - ``V4L2_WHITE_BALANCE_FLASH`` + - With this setting the camera will compensate for the flash light. + It slightly warms up the colors and corresponds roughly to + 5000...5500 K color temperature. + * - ``V4L2_WHITE_BALANCE_CLOUDY`` + - White balance preset for moderately overcast sky. This option + corresponds approximately to 6500...8000 K color temperature + range. + * - ``V4L2_WHITE_BALANCE_SHADE`` + - White balance preset for shade or heavily overcast sky. It + corresponds approximately to 9000...10000 K color temperature. + + + +.. _v4l2-wide-dynamic-range: + +``V4L2_CID_WIDE_DYNAMIC_RANGE (boolean)`` + Enables or disables the camera's wide dynamic range feature. This + feature allows to obtain clear images in situations where intensity + of the illumination varies significantly throughout the scene, i.e. + there are simultaneously very dark and very bright areas. It is most + commonly realized in cameras by combining two subsequent frames with + different exposure times. [#f1]_ + +.. _v4l2-image-stabilization: + +``V4L2_CID_IMAGE_STABILIZATION (boolean)`` + Enables or disables image stabilization. + +``V4L2_CID_ISO_SENSITIVITY (integer menu)`` + Determines ISO equivalent of an image sensor indicating the sensor's + sensitivity to light. The numbers are expressed in arithmetic scale, + as per :ref:`iso12232` standard, where doubling the sensor + sensitivity is represented by doubling the numerical ISO value. + Applications should interpret the values as standard ISO values + multiplied by 1000, e.g. control value 800 stands for ISO 0.8. + Drivers will usually support only a subset of standard ISO values. + The effect of setting this control while the + ``V4L2_CID_ISO_SENSITIVITY_AUTO`` control is set to a value other + than ``V4L2_CID_ISO_SENSITIVITY_MANUAL`` is undefined, drivers + should ignore such requests. + +.. _v4l2-iso-sensitivity-auto-type: + +``V4L2_CID_ISO_SENSITIVITY_AUTO`` + (enum) + +enum v4l2_iso_sensitivity_type - + Enables or disables automatic ISO sensitivity adjustments. + + + +.. flat-table:: + :header-rows: 0 + :stub-columns: 0 + + * - ``V4L2_CID_ISO_SENSITIVITY_MANUAL`` + - Manual ISO sensitivity. + * - ``V4L2_CID_ISO_SENSITIVITY_AUTO`` + - Automatic ISO sensitivity adjustments. + + + +.. _v4l2-scene-mode: + +``V4L2_CID_SCENE_MODE`` + (enum) + +enum v4l2_scene_mode - + This control allows to select scene programs as the camera automatic + modes optimized for common shooting scenes. Within these modes the + camera determines best exposure, aperture, focusing, light metering, + white balance and equivalent sensitivity. The controls of those + parameters are influenced by the scene mode control. An exact + behavior in each mode is subject to the camera specification. + + When the scene mode feature is not used, this control should be set + to ``V4L2_SCENE_MODE_NONE`` to make sure the other possibly related + controls are accessible. The following scene programs are defined: + +.. raw:: latex + + \small + +.. tabularcolumns:: |p{5.9cm}|p{11.6cm}| + +.. cssclass:: longtable + +.. flat-table:: + :header-rows: 0 + :stub-columns: 0 + + * - ``V4L2_SCENE_MODE_NONE`` + - The scene mode feature is disabled. + * - ``V4L2_SCENE_MODE_BACKLIGHT`` + - Backlight. Compensates for dark shadows when light is coming from + behind a subject, also by automatically turning on the flash. + * - ``V4L2_SCENE_MODE_BEACH_SNOW`` + - Beach and snow. This mode compensates for all-white or bright + scenes, which tend to look gray and low contrast, when camera's + automatic exposure is based on an average scene brightness. To + compensate, this mode automatically slightly overexposes the + frames. The white balance may also be adjusted to compensate for + the fact that reflected snow looks bluish rather than white. + * - ``V4L2_SCENE_MODE_CANDLELIGHT`` + - Candle light. The camera generally raises the ISO sensitivity and + lowers the shutter speed. This mode compensates for relatively + close subject in the scene. The flash is disabled in order to + preserve the ambiance of the light. + * - ``V4L2_SCENE_MODE_DAWN_DUSK`` + - Dawn and dusk. Preserves the colors seen in low natural light + before dusk and after down. The camera may turn off the flash, and + automatically focus at infinity. It will usually boost saturation + and lower the shutter speed. + * - ``V4L2_SCENE_MODE_FALL_COLORS`` + - Fall colors. Increases saturation and adjusts white balance for + color enhancement. Pictures of autumn leaves get saturated reds + and yellows. + * - ``V4L2_SCENE_MODE_FIREWORKS`` + - Fireworks. Long exposure times are used to capture the expanding + burst of light from a firework. The camera may invoke image + stabilization. + * - ``V4L2_SCENE_MODE_LANDSCAPE`` + - Landscape. The camera may choose a small aperture to provide deep + depth of field and long exposure duration to help capture detail + in dim light conditions. The focus is fixed at infinity. Suitable + for distant and wide scenery. + * - ``V4L2_SCENE_MODE_NIGHT`` + - Night, also known as Night Landscape. Designed for low light + conditions, it preserves detail in the dark areas without blowing + out bright objects. The camera generally sets itself to a + medium-to-high ISO sensitivity, with a relatively long exposure + time, and turns flash off. As such, there will be increased image + noise and the possibility of blurred image. + * - ``V4L2_SCENE_MODE_PARTY_INDOOR`` + - Party and indoor. Designed to capture indoor scenes that are lit + by indoor background lighting as well as the flash. The camera + usually increases ISO sensitivity, and adjusts exposure for the + low light conditions. + * - ``V4L2_SCENE_MODE_PORTRAIT`` + - Portrait. The camera adjusts the aperture so that the depth of + field is reduced, which helps to isolate the subject against a + smooth background. Most cameras recognize the presence of faces in + the scene and focus on them. The color hue is adjusted to enhance + skin tones. The intensity of the flash is often reduced. + * - ``V4L2_SCENE_MODE_SPORTS`` + - Sports. Significantly increases ISO and uses a fast shutter speed + to freeze motion of rapidly-moving subjects. Increased image noise + may be seen in this mode. + * - ``V4L2_SCENE_MODE_SUNSET`` + - Sunset. Preserves deep hues seen in sunsets and sunrises. It bumps + up the saturation. + * - ``V4L2_SCENE_MODE_TEXT`` + - Text. It applies extra contrast and sharpness, it is typically a + black-and-white mode optimized for readability. Automatic focus + may be switched to close-up mode and this setting may also involve + some lens-distortion correction. + +.. raw:: latex + + \normalsize + + +``V4L2_CID_3A_LOCK (bitmask)`` + This control locks or unlocks the automatic focus, exposure and + white balance. The automatic adjustments can be paused independently + by setting the corresponding lock bit to 1. The camera then retains + the settings until the lock bit is cleared. The following lock bits + are defined: + + When a given algorithm is not enabled, drivers should ignore + requests to lock it and should return no error. An example might be + an application setting bit ``V4L2_LOCK_WHITE_BALANCE`` when the + ``V4L2_CID_AUTO_WHITE_BALANCE`` control is set to ``FALSE``. The + value of this control may be changed by exposure, white balance or + focus controls. + + + +.. flat-table:: + :header-rows: 0 + :stub-columns: 0 + + * - ``V4L2_LOCK_EXPOSURE`` + - Automatic exposure adjustments lock. + * - ``V4L2_LOCK_WHITE_BALANCE`` + - Automatic white balance adjustments lock. + * - ``V4L2_LOCK_FOCUS`` + - Automatic focus lock. + + + +``V4L2_CID_PAN_SPEED (integer)`` + This control turns the camera horizontally at the specific speed. + The unit is undefined. A positive value moves the camera to the + right (clockwise when viewed from above), a negative value to the + left. A value of zero stops the motion if one is in progress and has + no effect otherwise. + +``V4L2_CID_TILT_SPEED (integer)`` + This control turns the camera vertically at the specified speed. The + unit is undefined. A positive value moves the camera up, a negative + value down. A value of zero stops the motion if one is in progress + and has no effect otherwise. + +``V4L2_CID_CAMERA_ORIENTATION (menu)`` + This read-only control describes the camera orientation by reporting its + mounting position on the device where the camera is installed. The control + value is constant and not modifiable by software. This control is + particularly meaningful for devices which have a well defined orientation, + such as phones, laptops and portable devices since the control is expressed + as a position relative to the device's intended usage orientation. For + example, a camera installed on the user-facing side of a phone, a tablet or + a laptop device is said to be have ``V4L2_CAMERA_ORIENTATION_FRONT`` + orientation, while a camera installed on the opposite side of the front one + is said to be have ``V4L2_CAMERA_ORIENTATION_BACK`` orientation. Camera + sensors not directly attached to the device, or attached in a way that + allows them to move freely, such as webcams and digital cameras, are said to + have the ``V4L2_CAMERA_ORIENTATION_EXTERNAL`` orientation. + + +.. tabularcolumns:: |p{7.7cm}|p{9.8cm}| + +.. flat-table:: + :header-rows: 0 + :stub-columns: 0 + + * - ``V4L2_CAMERA_ORIENTATION_FRONT`` + - The camera is oriented towards the user facing side of the device. + * - ``V4L2_CAMERA_ORIENTATION_BACK`` + - The camera is oriented towards the back facing side of the device. + * - ``V4L2_CAMERA_ORIENTATION_EXTERNAL`` + - The camera is not directly attached to the device and is freely movable. + + + +``V4L2_CID_CAMERA_SENSOR_ROTATION (integer)`` + This read-only control describes the rotation correction in degrees in the + counter-clockwise direction to be applied to the captured images once + captured to memory to compensate for the camera sensor mounting rotation. + + For a precise definition of the sensor mounting rotation refer to the + extensive description of the 'rotation' properties in the device tree + bindings file 'video-interfaces.txt'. + + A few examples are below reported, using a shark swimming from left to + right in front of the user as the example scene to capture. :: + + 0 X-axis + 0 +-------------------------------------> + ! + ! + ! + ! |\____)\___ + ! ) _____ __`< + ! |/ )/ + ! + ! + ! + V + Y-axis + + Example one - Webcam + + Assuming you can bring your laptop with you while swimming with sharks, + the camera module of the laptop is installed on the user facing part of a + laptop screen casing, and is typically used for video calls. The captured + images are meant to be displayed in landscape mode (width > height) on the + laptop screen. + + The camera is typically mounted upside-down to compensate the lens optical + inversion effect. In this case the value of the + V4L2_CID_CAMERA_SENSOR_ROTATION control is 0, no rotation is required to + display images correctly to the user. + + If the camera sensor is not mounted upside-down it is required to compensate + the lens optical inversion effect and the value of the + V4L2_CID_CAMERA_SENSOR_ROTATION control is 180 degrees, as images will + result rotated when captured to memory. :: + + +--------------------------------------+ + ! ! + ! ! + ! ! + ! __/(_____/| ! + ! >.___ ____ ( ! + ! \( \| ! + ! ! + ! ! + ! ! + +--------------------------------------+ + + A software rotation correction of 180 degrees has to be applied to correctly + display the image on the user screen. :: + + +--------------------------------------+ + ! ! + ! ! + ! ! + ! |\____)\___ ! + ! ) _____ __`< ! + ! |/ )/ ! + ! ! + ! ! + ! ! + +--------------------------------------+ + + Example two - Phone camera + + It is more handy to go and swim with sharks with only your mobile phone + with you and take pictures with the camera that is installed on the back + side of the device, facing away from the user. The captured images are meant + to be displayed in portrait mode (height > width) to match the device screen + orientation and the device usage orientation used when taking the picture. + + The camera sensor is typically mounted with its pixel array longer side + aligned to the device longer side, upside-down mounted to compensate for + the lens optical inversion effect. + + The images once captured to memory will be rotated and the value of the + V4L2_CID_CAMERA_SENSOR_ROTATION will report a 90 degree rotation. :: + + + +-------------------------------------+ + | _ _ | + | \ / | + | | | | + | | | | + | | > | + | < | | + | | | | + | . | + | V | + +-------------------------------------+ + + A correction of 90 degrees in counter-clockwise direction has to be + applied to correctly display the image in portrait mode on the device + screen. :: + + +--------------------+ + | | + | | + | | + | | + | | + | | + | |\____)\___ | + | ) _____ __`< | + | |/ )/ | + | | + | | + | | + | | + | | + +--------------------+ + + +.. [#f1] + This control may be changed to a menu control in the future, if more + options are required. |