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diff --git a/Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/hypercalls.rst b/Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/hypercalls.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..10db79247 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/hypercalls.rst @@ -0,0 +1,192 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +=================== +Linux KVM Hypercall +=================== + +X86: + KVM Hypercalls have a three-byte sequence of either the vmcall or the vmmcall + instruction. The hypervisor can replace it with instructions that are + guaranteed to be supported. + + Up to four arguments may be passed in rbx, rcx, rdx, and rsi respectively. + The hypercall number should be placed in rax and the return value will be + placed in rax. No other registers will be clobbered unless explicitly stated + by the particular hypercall. + +S390: + R2-R7 are used for parameters 1-6. In addition, R1 is used for hypercall + number. The return value is written to R2. + + S390 uses diagnose instruction as hypercall (0x500) along with hypercall + number in R1. + + For further information on the S390 diagnose call as supported by KVM, + refer to Documentation/virt/kvm/s390/s390-diag.rst. + +PowerPC: + It uses R3-R10 and hypercall number in R11. R4-R11 are used as output registers. + Return value is placed in R3. + + KVM hypercalls uses 4 byte opcode, that are patched with 'hypercall-instructions' + property inside the device tree's /hypervisor node. + For more information refer to Documentation/virt/kvm/ppc-pv.rst + +MIPS: + KVM hypercalls use the HYPCALL instruction with code 0 and the hypercall + number in $2 (v0). Up to four arguments may be placed in $4-$7 (a0-a3) and + the return value is placed in $2 (v0). + +KVM Hypercalls Documentation +============================ + +The template for each hypercall is: +1. Hypercall name. +2. Architecture(s) +3. Status (deprecated, obsolete, active) +4. Purpose + +1. KVM_HC_VAPIC_POLL_IRQ +------------------------ + +:Architecture: x86 +:Status: active +:Purpose: Trigger guest exit so that the host can check for pending + interrupts on reentry. + +2. KVM_HC_MMU_OP +---------------- + +:Architecture: x86 +:Status: deprecated. +:Purpose: Support MMU operations such as writing to PTE, + flushing TLB, release PT. + +3. KVM_HC_FEATURES +------------------ + +:Architecture: PPC +:Status: active +:Purpose: Expose hypercall availability to the guest. On x86 platforms, cpuid + used to enumerate which hypercalls are available. On PPC, either + device tree based lookup ( which is also what EPAPR dictates) + OR KVM specific enumeration mechanism (which is this hypercall) + can be used. + +4. KVM_HC_PPC_MAP_MAGIC_PAGE +---------------------------- + +:Architecture: PPC +:Status: active +:Purpose: To enable communication between the hypervisor and guest there is a + shared page that contains parts of supervisor visible register state. + The guest can map this shared page to access its supervisor register + through memory using this hypercall. + +5. KVM_HC_KICK_CPU +------------------ + +:Architecture: x86 +:Status: active +:Purpose: Hypercall used to wakeup a vcpu from HLT state +:Usage example: + A vcpu of a paravirtualized guest that is busywaiting in guest + kernel mode for an event to occur (ex: a spinlock to become available) can + execute HLT instruction once it has busy-waited for more than a threshold + time-interval. Execution of HLT instruction would cause the hypervisor to put + the vcpu to sleep until occurrence of an appropriate event. Another vcpu of the + same guest can wakeup the sleeping vcpu by issuing KVM_HC_KICK_CPU hypercall, + specifying APIC ID (a1) of the vcpu to be woken up. An additional argument (a0) + is used in the hypercall for future use. + + +6. KVM_HC_CLOCK_PAIRING +----------------------- +:Architecture: x86 +:Status: active +:Purpose: Hypercall used to synchronize host and guest clocks. + +Usage: + +a0: guest physical address where host copies +"struct kvm_clock_offset" structure. + +a1: clock_type, ATM only KVM_CLOCK_PAIRING_WALLCLOCK (0) +is supported (corresponding to the host's CLOCK_REALTIME clock). + + :: + + struct kvm_clock_pairing { + __s64 sec; + __s64 nsec; + __u64 tsc; + __u32 flags; + __u32 pad[9]; + }; + + Where: + * sec: seconds from clock_type clock. + * nsec: nanoseconds from clock_type clock. + * tsc: guest TSC value used to calculate sec/nsec pair + * flags: flags, unused (0) at the moment. + +The hypercall lets a guest compute a precise timestamp across +host and guest. The guest can use the returned TSC value to +compute the CLOCK_REALTIME for its clock, at the same instant. + +Returns KVM_EOPNOTSUPP if the host does not use TSC clocksource, +or if clock type is different than KVM_CLOCK_PAIRING_WALLCLOCK. + +6. KVM_HC_SEND_IPI +------------------ + +:Architecture: x86 +:Status: active +:Purpose: Send IPIs to multiple vCPUs. + +- a0: lower part of the bitmap of destination APIC IDs +- a1: higher part of the bitmap of destination APIC IDs +- a2: the lowest APIC ID in bitmap +- a3: APIC ICR + +The hypercall lets a guest send multicast IPIs, with at most 128 +128 destinations per hypercall in 64-bit mode and 64 vCPUs per +hypercall in 32-bit mode. The destinations are represented by a +bitmap contained in the first two arguments (a0 and a1). Bit 0 of +a0 corresponds to the APIC ID in the third argument (a2), bit 1 +corresponds to the APIC ID a2+1, and so on. + +Returns the number of CPUs to which the IPIs were delivered successfully. + +7. KVM_HC_SCHED_YIELD +--------------------- + +:Architecture: x86 +:Status: active +:Purpose: Hypercall used to yield if the IPI target vCPU is preempted + +a0: destination APIC ID + +:Usage example: When sending a call-function IPI-many to vCPUs, yield if + any of the IPI target vCPUs was preempted. + +8. KVM_HC_MAP_GPA_RANGE +------------------------- +:Architecture: x86 +:Status: active +:Purpose: Request KVM to map a GPA range with the specified attributes. + +a0: the guest physical address of the start page +a1: the number of (4kb) pages (must be contiguous in GPA space) +a2: attributes + + Where 'attributes' : + * bits 3:0 - preferred page size encoding 0 = 4kb, 1 = 2mb, 2 = 1gb, etc... + * bit 4 - plaintext = 0, encrypted = 1 + * bits 63:5 - reserved (must be zero) + +**Implementation note**: this hypercall is implemented in userspace via +the KVM_CAP_EXIT_HYPERCALL capability. Userspace must enable that capability +before advertising KVM_FEATURE_HC_MAP_GPA_RANGE in the guest CPUID. In +addition, if the guest supports KVM_FEATURE_MIGRATION_CONTROL, userspace +must also set up an MSR filter to process writes to MSR_KVM_MIGRATION_CONTROL. |