From 2c3c1048746a4622d8c89a29670120dc8fab93c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Baumann Date: Sun, 7 Apr 2024 20:49:45 +0200 Subject: Adding upstream version 6.1.76. Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann --- .../userspace-api/media/v4l/extended-controls.rst | 173 +++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 173 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/extended-controls.rst (limited to 'Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/extended-controls.rst') diff --git a/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/extended-controls.rst b/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/extended-controls.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44fcd67f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/extended-controls.rst @@ -0,0 +1,173 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later + +.. _extended-controls: + +********************* +Extended Controls API +********************* + + +Introduction +============ + +The control mechanism as originally designed was meant to be used for +user settings (brightness, saturation, etc). However, it turned out to +be a very useful model for implementing more complicated driver APIs +where each driver implements only a subset of a larger API. + +The MPEG encoding API was the driving force behind designing and +implementing this extended control mechanism: the MPEG standard is quite +large and the currently supported hardware MPEG encoders each only +implement a subset of this standard. Further more, many parameters +relating to how the video is encoded into an MPEG stream are specific to +the MPEG encoding chip since the MPEG standard only defines the format +of the resulting MPEG stream, not how the video is actually encoded into +that format. + +Unfortunately, the original control API lacked some features needed for +these new uses and so it was extended into the (not terribly originally +named) extended control API. + +Even though the MPEG encoding API was the first effort to use the +Extended Control API, nowadays there are also other classes of Extended +Controls, such as Camera Controls and FM Transmitter Controls. The +Extended Controls API as well as all Extended Controls classes are +described in the following text. + + +The Extended Control API +======================== + +Three new ioctls are available: +:ref:`VIDIOC_G_EXT_CTRLS `, +:ref:`VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS ` and +:ref:`VIDIOC_TRY_EXT_CTRLS `. These ioctls act +on arrays of controls (as opposed to the +:ref:`VIDIOC_G_CTRL ` and +:ref:`VIDIOC_S_CTRL ` ioctls that act on a single +control). This is needed since it is often required to atomically change +several controls at once. + +Each of the new ioctls expects a pointer to a struct +:c:type:`v4l2_ext_controls`. This structure +contains a pointer to the control array, a count of the number of +controls in that array and a control class. Control classes are used to +group similar controls into a single class. For example, control class +``V4L2_CTRL_CLASS_USER`` contains all user controls (i. e. all controls +that can also be set using the old :ref:`VIDIOC_S_CTRL ` +ioctl). Control class ``V4L2_CTRL_CLASS_CODEC`` contains controls +relating to codecs. + +All controls in the control array must belong to the specified control +class. An error is returned if this is not the case. + +It is also possible to use an empty control array (``count`` == 0) to check +whether the specified control class is supported. + +The control array is a struct +:c:type:`v4l2_ext_control` array. The +struct :c:type:`v4l2_ext_control` is very similar to +struct :c:type:`v4l2_control`, except for the fact that +it also allows for 64-bit values and pointers to be passed. + +Since the struct :c:type:`v4l2_ext_control` supports +pointers it is now also possible to have controls with compound types +such as N-dimensional arrays and/or structures. You need to specify the +``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_COMPOUND`` when enumerating controls to actually +be able to see such compound controls. In other words, these controls +with compound types should only be used programmatically. + +Since such compound controls need to expose more information about +themselves than is possible with :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL ` +the :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERY_EXT_CTRL ` ioctl was added. In +particular, this ioctl gives the dimensions of the N-dimensional array if +this control consists of more than one element. + +.. note:: + + #. It is important to realize that due to the flexibility of controls it is + necessary to check whether the control you want to set actually is + supported in the driver and what the valid range of values is. So use + :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL` to check this. + + #. It is possible that some of the menu indices in a control of + type ``V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_MENU`` may not be supported (``VIDIOC_QUERYMENU`` + will return an error). A good example is the list of supported MPEG + audio bitrates. Some drivers only support one or two bitrates, others + support a wider range. + +All controls use machine endianness. + + +Enumerating Extended Controls +============================= + +The recommended way to enumerate over the extended controls is by using +:ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL` in combination with the +``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL`` flag: + + +.. code-block:: c + + struct v4l2_queryctrl qctrl; + + qctrl.id = V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL; + while (0 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL, &qctrl)) { + /* ... */ + qctrl.id |= V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL; + } + +The initial control ID is set to 0 ORed with the +``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL`` flag. The ``VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL`` ioctl will +return the first control with a higher ID than the specified one. When +no such controls are found an error is returned. + +If you want to get all controls within a specific control class, then +you can set the initial ``qctrl.id`` value to the control class and add +an extra check to break out of the loop when a control of another +control class is found: + + +.. code-block:: c + + qctrl.id = V4L2_CTRL_CLASS_CODEC | V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL; + while (0 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL, &qctrl)) { + if (V4L2_CTRL_ID2CLASS(qctrl.id) != V4L2_CTRL_CLASS_CODEC) + break; + /* ... */ + qctrl.id |= V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL; + } + +The 32-bit ``qctrl.id`` value is subdivided into three bit ranges: the +top 4 bits are reserved for flags (e. g. ``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL``) +and are not actually part of the ID. The remaining 28 bits form the +control ID, of which the most significant 12 bits define the control +class and the least significant 16 bits identify the control within the +control class. It is guaranteed that these last 16 bits are always +non-zero for controls. The range of 0x1000 and up are reserved for +driver-specific controls. The macro ``V4L2_CTRL_ID2CLASS(id)`` returns +the control class ID based on a control ID. + +If the driver does not support extended controls, then +``VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL`` will fail when used in combination with +``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL``. In that case the old method of enumerating +control should be used (see :ref:`enum_all_controls`). But if it is +supported, then it is guaranteed to enumerate over all controls, +including driver-private controls. + + +Creating Control Panels +======================= + +It is possible to create control panels for a graphical user interface +where the user can select the various controls. Basically you will have +to iterate over all controls using the method described above. Each +control class starts with a control of type +``V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_CTRL_CLASS``. ``VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL`` will return the name +of this control class which can be used as the title of a tab page +within a control panel. + +The flags field of struct :ref:`v4l2_queryctrl ` also +contains hints on the behavior of the control. See the +:ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL` documentation for more +details. -- cgit v1.2.3