Adding upstream version 2.5.13+dfsg.upstream/2.5.13+dfsgupstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 2778 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/clients/tools/common.c b/clients/tools/common.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b88f219
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clients/tools/common.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2778 @@
+/* common.c - common routines for the ldap client tools */
+/* $OpenLDAP$ */
+/* This work is part of OpenLDAP Software <http://www.openldap.org/>.
+ *
+ * Copyright 1998-2022 The OpenLDAP Foundation.
+ * Portions Copyright 2003 Kurt D. Zeilenga.
+ * Portions Copyright 2003 IBM Corporation.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted only as authorized by the OpenLDAP
+ * Public License.
+ *
+ * A copy of this license is available in the file LICENSE in the
+ * top-level directory of the distribution or, alternatively, at
+ * <http://www.OpenLDAP.org/license.html>.
+ */
+/* ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
+ * This file was initially created by Hallvard B. Furuseth based (in
+ * part) upon argument parsing code for individual tools located in
+ * this directory.   Additional contributors include:
+ *   Kurt D. Zeilenga (additional common argument and control support)
+ */
+
+#include "portable.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include <ac/stdlib.h>
+#include <ac/signal.h>
+#include <ac/string.h>
+#include <ac/ctype.h>
+#include <ac/unistd.h>
+#include <ac/errno.h>
+#include <ac/time.h>
+#include <ac/socket.h>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
+#ifdef HAVE_SASL_SASL_H
+#include <sasl/sasl.h>
+#else
+#include <sasl.h>
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#include <ldap.h>
+
+#include "ldif.h"
+#include "lutil.h"
+#include "lutil_ldap.h"
+#include "ldap_defaults.h"
+#include "ldap_pvt.h"
+#include "lber_pvt.h"
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+/* input-related vars */
+
+/* misc. parameters */
+tool_type_t	tool_type;
+int		contoper = 0;
+int		debug = 0;
+char		*infile = NULL;
+int		dont = 0;
+int		nocanon = 0;
+int		referrals = 0;
+int		verbose = 0;
+int		ldif = 0;
+ber_len_t	ldif_wrap = 0;
+char		*prog = NULL;
+
+/* connection */
+char		*ldapuri = NULL;
+int		use_tls = 0;
+int		protocol = -1;
+int		version = 0;
+
+/* authc/authz */
+int		authmethod = -1;
+char		*binddn = NULL;
+int		want_bindpw = 0;
+struct berval	passwd = { 0, NULL };
+char		*pw_file = NULL;
+#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
+unsigned	sasl_flags = LDAP_SASL_AUTOMATIC;
+char		*sasl_realm = NULL;
+char		*sasl_authc_id = NULL;
+char		*sasl_authz_id = NULL;
+char		*sasl_mech = NULL;
+char		*sasl_secprops = NULL;
+#endif
+
+/* controls */
+int		assertctl;
+char		*assertion = NULL;
+struct berval	assertionvalue = BER_BVNULL;
+char		*authzid = NULL;
+int		authzcrit = 1;
+/* support deprecated early version of proxyAuthz */
+#define LDAP_CONTROL_OBSOLETE_PROXY_AUTHZ	"2.16.840.1.113730.3.4.12"
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_OBSOLETE_PROXY_AUTHZ
+char		*proxydn = NULL;
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_OBSOLETE_PROXY_AUTHZ */
+int		manageDIT = 0;
+int		manageDSAit = 0;
+int		noop = 0;
+int		ppolicy = 0;
+int		preread = 0;
+static char	*preread_attrs = NULL;
+int		postread = 0;
+static char	*postread_attrs = NULL;
+ber_int_t	pr_morePagedResults = 1;
+struct berval	pr_cookie = { 0, NULL };
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_CHAINING_BEHAVIOR
+int		chaining = 0;
+static int	chainingResolve = -1;
+static int	chainingContinuation = -1;
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_X_CHAINING_BEHAVIOR */
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING
+static int	sessionTracking = 0;
+static char	*sessionTrackingName;
+struct berval	stValue;
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING */
+ber_int_t vlvPos;
+ber_int_t vlvCount;
+struct berval *vlvContext;
+static int	bauthzid;
+
+LDAPControl	*unknown_ctrls = NULL;
+int		unknown_ctrls_num = 0;
+
+/* options */
+struct timeval	nettimeout = { -1 , 0 };
+
+typedef int (*print_ctrl_fn)( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl );
+
+static int print_preread( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl );
+static int print_postread( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl );
+static int print_paged_results( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl );
+static int print_psearch( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl );
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_AUTHZID_RESPONSE
+static int print_authzid( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl );
+#endif
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_PASSWORDPOLICYREQUEST
+static int print_ppolicy( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl );
+#endif
+static int print_sss( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl );
+static int print_vlv( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl );
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_DEREF
+static int print_deref( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl );
+#endif
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_WHATFAILED
+static int print_whatfailed( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl );
+#endif
+static int print_syncstate( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl );
+static int print_syncdone( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl );
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_DIRSYNC
+static int print_dirsync( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl );
+#endif
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_ACCOUNT_USABILITY
+static int print_account_usability( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl );
+#endif
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_PASSWORD_EXPIRED
+static int print_netscape_pwexpired( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl );
+static int print_netscape_pwexpiring( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl );
+#endif
+
+static struct tool_ctrls_t {
+	const char	*oid;
+	unsigned	mask;
+	print_ctrl_fn	func;
+} tool_ctrl_response[] = {
+	{ LDAP_CONTROL_PRE_READ,			TOOL_ALL,	print_preread },
+	{ LDAP_CONTROL_POST_READ,			TOOL_ALL,	print_postread },
+	{ LDAP_CONTROL_PAGEDRESULTS,			TOOL_SEARCH,	print_paged_results },
+	{ LDAP_CONTROL_PERSIST_ENTRY_CHANGE_NOTICE,			TOOL_SEARCH,	print_psearch },
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_AUTHZID_RESPONSE
+	/* this is generally deprecated in favor of LDAP WhoAmI? operation, hence only supported as a VC inner control */
+	{ LDAP_CONTROL_AUTHZID_RESPONSE,		TOOL_VC,	print_authzid },
+#endif
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_PASSWORDPOLICYREQUEST
+	{ LDAP_CONTROL_PASSWORDPOLICYRESPONSE,		TOOL_ALL,	print_ppolicy },
+#endif
+	{ LDAP_CONTROL_SORTRESPONSE,	TOOL_SEARCH,	print_sss },
+	{ LDAP_CONTROL_VLVRESPONSE,		TOOL_SEARCH,	print_vlv },
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_DEREF
+	{ LDAP_CONTROL_X_DEREF,				TOOL_SEARCH,	print_deref },
+#endif
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_WHATFAILED
+	{ LDAP_CONTROL_X_WHATFAILED,			TOOL_ALL,	print_whatfailed },
+#endif
+	{ LDAP_CONTROL_SYNC_STATE,			TOOL_SEARCH,	print_syncstate },
+	{ LDAP_CONTROL_SYNC_DONE,			TOOL_SEARCH,	print_syncdone },
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_DIRSYNC
+	{ LDAP_CONTROL_X_DIRSYNC,			TOOL_SEARCH,	print_dirsync },
+#endif
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_ACCOUNT_USABILITY
+	{ LDAP_CONTROL_X_ACCOUNT_USABILITY,		TOOL_SEARCH,	print_account_usability },
+#endif
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_PASSWORD_EXPIRED
+	{ LDAP_CONTROL_X_PASSWORD_EXPIRED,		TOOL_ALL,	print_netscape_pwexpired },
+	{ LDAP_CONTROL_X_PASSWORD_EXPIRING,		TOOL_ALL,	print_netscape_pwexpiring },
+#endif
+	{ NULL,						0,		NULL }
+};
+
+/* "features" */
+enum { Intr_None = 0, Intr_Abandon, Intr_Cancel, Intr_Ignore }; 
+static volatile sig_atomic_t	gotintr, abcan;
+
+int backlog;
+
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING
+static int
+st_value( LDAP *ld, struct berval *value )
+{
+	char		*ip = NULL, *name = NULL;
+	struct berval	id = { 0 };
+	char		namebuf[ MAXHOSTNAMELEN ];
+
+	if ( gethostname( namebuf, sizeof( namebuf ) ) == 0 ) {
+		struct hostent	*h;
+		struct in_addr	addr;
+
+		name = namebuf;
+
+		h = gethostbyname( name );
+		if ( h != NULL ) {
+			AC_MEMCPY( &addr, h->h_addr, sizeof( addr ) );
+			ip = inet_ntoa( addr );
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ( sessionTrackingName != NULL ) {
+		ber_str2bv( sessionTrackingName , 0, 0, &id );
+	} else
+#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
+	if ( sasl_authz_id != NULL ) {
+		ber_str2bv( sasl_authz_id, 0, 0, &id );
+
+	} else if ( sasl_authc_id != NULL ) {
+		ber_str2bv( sasl_authc_id, 0, 0, &id );
+
+	} else 
+#endif /* HAVE_CYRUS_SASL */
+	if ( binddn != NULL ) {
+		ber_str2bv( binddn, 0, 0, &id );
+	}
+
+	if ( ldap_create_session_tracking_value( ld,
+		ip, name, LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING_USERNAME,
+		&id, &stValue ) )
+	{
+		fprintf( stderr, _("Session tracking control encoding error!\n") );
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING */
+
+RETSIGTYPE
+do_sig( int sig )
+{
+	gotintr = abcan;
+}
+
+void
+tool_init( tool_type_t type )
+{
+	tool_type = type;
+	ldap_pvt_setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, "");
+	ldap_pvt_bindtextdomain(OPENLDAP_PACKAGE, LDAP_LOCALEDIR);
+	ldap_pvt_textdomain(OPENLDAP_PACKAGE);
+}
+
+void
+tool_destroy( void )
+{
+	static int destroyed;
+	if ( destroyed++ )
+		return;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
+	sasl_done();
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_TLS
+	ldap_pvt_tls_destroy();
+#endif
+
+	if ( ldapuri != NULL ) {
+		ber_memfree( ldapuri );
+		ldapuri = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if ( pr_cookie.bv_val != NULL ) {
+		ber_memfree( pr_cookie.bv_val );
+		BER_BVZERO( &pr_cookie );
+	}
+
+	if ( passwd.bv_val != NULL ) {
+		ber_memfree( passwd.bv_val );
+		BER_BVZERO( &passwd );
+	}
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING
+	if ( !BER_BVISNULL( &stValue ) ) {
+		ber_memfree( stValue.bv_val );
+		BER_BVZERO( &stValue );
+	}
+
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING */
+}
+
+void
+tool_common_usage( void )
+{
+	static const char *const descriptions[] = {
+N_("  -d level   set LDAP debugging level to `level'\n"),
+N_("  -D binddn  bind DN\n"),
+N_("  -e [!]<ext>[=<extparam>] general extensions (! indicates criticality)\n")
+N_("             [!]assert=<filter>     (RFC 4528; a RFC 4515 Filter string)\n")
+N_("             [!]authzid=<authzid>   (RFC 4370; \"dn:<dn>\" or \"u:<user>\")\n")
+N_("             [!]bauthzid            (RFC 3829)\n")
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_OBSOLETE_PROXY_AUTHZ
+#if 0
+                 /* non-advertized support for proxyDN */
+N_("             [!]proxydn=<dn>        (a RFC 4514 DN string)\n")
+#endif
+#endif
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_CHAINING_BEHAVIOR
+N_("             [!]chaining[=<resolveBehavior>[/<continuationBehavior>]]\n")
+N_("                     one of \"chainingPreferred\", \"chainingRequired\",\n")
+N_("                     \"referralsPreferred\", \"referralsRequired\"\n")
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_X_CHAINING_BEHAVIOR */
+N_("             [!]manageDSAit         (RFC 3296)\n")
+N_("             [!]noop\n")
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_PASSWORDPOLICYREQUEST
+N_("             ppolicy\n")
+#endif
+N_("             [!]postread[=<attrs>]  (RFC 4527; comma-separated attr list)\n")
+N_("             [!]preread[=<attrs>]   (RFC 4527; comma-separated attr list)\n")
+N_("             [!]relax\n")
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING
+N_("             [!]sessiontracking[=<username>]\n")
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING */
+N_("             abandon, cancel, ignore (SIGINT sends abandon/cancel,\n"
+   "             or ignores response; if critical, doesn't wait for SIGINT.\n"
+   "             not really controls)\n")
+N_("  -H URI     LDAP Uniform Resource Identifier(s)\n"),
+N_("  -I         use SASL Interactive mode\n"),
+N_("  -n         show what would be done but don't actually do it\n"),
+N_("  -N         do not use reverse DNS to canonicalize SASL host name\n"),
+N_("  -O props   SASL security properties\n"),
+N_("  -o <opt>[=<optparam>] any libldap ldap.conf options, plus\n"),
+N_("             ldif_wrap=<width> (in columns, or \"no\" for no wrapping)\n"),
+N_("             nettimeout=<timeout> (in seconds, or \"none\" or \"max\")\n"),
+N_("  -Q         use SASL Quiet mode\n"),
+N_("  -R realm   SASL realm\n"),
+N_("  -U authcid SASL authentication identity\n"),
+N_("  -v         run in verbose mode (diagnostics to standard output)\n"),
+N_("  -V         print version info (-VV only)\n"),
+N_("  -w passwd  bind password (for simple authentication)\n"),
+N_("  -W         prompt for bind password\n"),
+N_("  -x         Simple authentication\n"),
+N_("  -X authzid SASL authorization identity (\"dn:<dn>\" or \"u:<user>\")\n"),
+N_("  -y file    Read password from file\n"),
+N_("  -Y mech    SASL mechanism\n"),
+N_("  -Z         Start TLS request (-ZZ to require successful response)\n"),
+NULL
+	};
+	const char *const *cpp;
+
+	fputs( _("Common options:\n"), stderr );
+	for( cpp = descriptions; *cpp != NULL; cpp++ ) {
+		if( strchr( options, (*cpp)[3] ) || (*cpp)[3] == ' ' ) {
+			fputs( _(*cpp), stderr );
+		}
+	}
+
+	tool_destroy();
+}
+
+void tool_perror(
+	const char *func,
+	int err,
+	const char *extra,
+	const char *matched,
+	const char *info,
+	char **refs )
+{
+	fprintf( stderr, "%s: %s (%d)%s\n",
+		func, ldap_err2string( err ), err, extra ? extra : "" );
+
+	if ( matched && *matched ) {
+		fprintf( stderr, _("\tmatched DN: %s\n"), matched );
+	}
+
+	if ( info && *info ) {
+		fprintf( stderr, _("\tadditional info: %s\n"), info );
+	}
+
+	if ( refs && *refs ) {
+		int i;
+		fprintf( stderr, _("\treferrals:\n") );
+		for( i=0; refs[i]; i++ ) {
+			fprintf( stderr, "\t\t%s\n", refs[i] );
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+void
+tool_args( int argc, char **argv )
+{
+	int i;
+
+	while (( i = getopt( argc, argv, options )) != EOF ) {
+		int crit, ival;
+		char *control, *cvalue, *next;
+		switch( i ) {
+		case 'c':	/* continuous operation mode */
+			contoper++;
+			break;
+		case 'C':	/* referrals: obsolete */
+			referrals++;
+			break;
+		case 'd':
+			ival = strtol( optarg, &next, 10 );
+			if (next == NULL || next[0] != '\0') {
+				fprintf( stderr, "%s: unable to parse debug value \"%s\"\n", prog, optarg);
+				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+			}
+			debug |= ival;
+			break;
+		case 'D':	/* bind DN */
+			if( binddn != NULL ) {
+				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -D previously specified\n", prog );
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+			binddn = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'e':	/* general extensions (controls and such) */
+			/* should be extended to support comma separated list of
+			 *	[!]key[=value] parameters, e.g.  -e !foo,bar=567
+			 */
+
+			crit = 0;
+			cvalue = NULL;
+			while ( optarg[0] == '!' ) {
+				crit++;
+				optarg++;
+			}
+
+			control = optarg;
+			if ( (cvalue = strchr( control, '=' )) != NULL ) {
+				*cvalue++ = '\0';
+			}
+
+			if ( strcasecmp( control, "assert" ) == 0 ) {
+				if( assertctl ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "assert control previously specified\n");
+					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+				if( cvalue == NULL ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "assert: control value expected\n" );
+					usage();
+				}
+
+				assertctl = 1 + crit;
+
+				assert( assertion == NULL );
+				assertion = cvalue;
+
+			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "authzid" ) == 0 ) {
+				if( authzid != NULL ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "authzid control previously specified\n");
+					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_OBSOLETE_PROXY_AUTHZ
+				if( proxydn != NULL ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "authzid control incompatible with proxydn\n");
+					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_OBSOLETE_PROXY_AUTHZ */
+				if( cvalue == NULL ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "authzid: control value expected\n" );
+					usage();
+				}
+				if( !crit ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "authzid: must be marked critical\n" );
+					usage();
+				} else if ( crit > 1 ) {
+					/* purposely flag proxied authorization
+					 * as non-critical, to test DSA */
+					authzcrit = 0;
+				}
+
+				assert( authzid == NULL );
+				authzid = cvalue;
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_OBSOLETE_PROXY_AUTHZ
+			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "proxydn" ) == 0 ) {
+				if( proxydn != NULL ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "proxydn control previously specified\n");
+					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+				if( authzid != NULL ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "proxydn control incompatible with authzid\n");
+					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+				if( cvalue == NULL ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "proxydn: control value expected\n" );
+					usage();
+				}
+				if( !crit ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "proxydn: must be marked critical\n" );
+					usage();
+				} else if ( crit > 1 ) {
+					/* purposely flag proxied authorization
+					 * as non-critical, to test DSA */
+					authzcrit = 0;
+				}
+
+				assert( proxydn == NULL );
+				proxydn = cvalue;
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_OBSOLETE_PROXY_AUTHZ */
+
+			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "bauthzid" ) == 0 ) {
+				if( bauthzid ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "bauthzid control previously specified\n");
+					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+				if( cvalue != NULL ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "bauthzid: no control value expected\n" );
+					usage();
+				}
+				bauthzid = 1 + crit;
+
+			} else if ( ( strcasecmp( control, "relax" ) == 0 ) ||
+				( strcasecmp( control, "manageDIT" ) == 0 ) )
+			{
+				if( manageDIT ) {
+					fprintf( stderr,
+						"relax control previously specified\n");
+					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+				if( cvalue != NULL ) {
+					fprintf( stderr,
+						"relax: no control value expected\n" );
+					usage();
+				}
+
+				manageDIT = 1 + crit;
+
+			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "manageDSAit" ) == 0 ) {
+				if( manageDSAit ) {
+					fprintf( stderr,
+						"manageDSAit control previously specified\n");
+					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+				if( cvalue != NULL ) {
+					fprintf( stderr,
+						"manageDSAit: no control value expected\n" );
+					usage();
+				}
+
+				manageDSAit = 1 + crit;
+
+			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "noop" ) == 0 ) {
+				if( noop ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "noop control previously specified\n");
+					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+				if( cvalue != NULL ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "noop: no control value expected\n" );
+					usage();
+				}
+
+				noop = 1 + crit;
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_PASSWORDPOLICYREQUEST
+			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "ppolicy" ) == 0 ) {
+				if( ppolicy ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "ppolicy control previously specified\n");
+					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+				if( cvalue != NULL ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "ppolicy: no control value expected\n" );
+					usage();
+				}
+				if( crit ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "ppolicy: critical flag not allowed\n" );
+					usage();
+				}
+
+				ppolicy = 1;
+#endif
+
+			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "preread" ) == 0 ) {
+				if( preread ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "preread control previously specified\n");
+					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+
+				preread = 1 + crit;
+				preread_attrs = cvalue;
+
+			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "postread" ) == 0 ) {
+				if( postread ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "postread control previously specified\n");
+					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+
+				postread = 1 + crit;
+				postread_attrs = cvalue;
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_CHAINING_BEHAVIOR
+			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "chaining" ) == 0 ) {
+				if ( chaining ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "chaining control previously specified\n");
+					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+
+				chaining = 1 + crit;
+
+				if ( cvalue != NULL ) {
+					char	*continuation;
+
+					continuation = strchr( cvalue, '/' );
+					if ( continuation ) {
+						/* FIXME: this makes sense only in searches */
+						*continuation++ = '\0';
+						if ( strcasecmp( continuation, "chainingPreferred" ) == 0 ) {
+							chainingContinuation = LDAP_CHAINING_PREFERRED;
+						} else if ( strcasecmp( continuation, "chainingRequired" ) == 0 ) {
+							chainingContinuation = LDAP_CHAINING_REQUIRED;
+						} else if ( strcasecmp( continuation, "referralsPreferred" ) == 0 ) {
+							chainingContinuation = LDAP_REFERRALS_PREFERRED;
+						} else if ( strcasecmp( continuation, "referralsRequired" ) == 0 ) {
+							chainingContinuation = LDAP_REFERRALS_REQUIRED;
+						} else {
+							fprintf( stderr,
+								"chaining behavior control "
+								"continuation value \"%s\" invalid\n",
+								continuation );
+							exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+						}
+					}
+	
+					if ( strcasecmp( cvalue, "chainingPreferred" ) == 0 ) {
+						chainingResolve = LDAP_CHAINING_PREFERRED;
+					} else if ( strcasecmp( cvalue, "chainingRequired" ) == 0 ) {
+						chainingResolve = LDAP_CHAINING_REQUIRED;
+					} else if ( strcasecmp( cvalue, "referralsPreferred" ) == 0 ) {
+						chainingResolve = LDAP_REFERRALS_PREFERRED;
+					} else if ( strcasecmp( cvalue, "referralsRequired" ) == 0 ) {
+						chainingResolve = LDAP_REFERRALS_REQUIRED;
+					} else {
+						fprintf( stderr,
+							"chaining behavior control "
+							"resolve value \"%s\" invalid\n",
+							cvalue);
+						exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+					}
+				}
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_X_CHAINING_BEHAVIOR */
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING
+			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "sessiontracking" ) == 0 ) {
+				if ( sessionTracking ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "%s: session tracking can be only specified once\n", prog );
+					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+				sessionTracking = 1;
+				if ( crit ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "sessiontracking: critical flag not allowed\n" );
+					usage();
+				}
+				if ( cvalue ) {
+					sessionTrackingName = cvalue;
+				}
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING */
+
+			/* this shouldn't go here, really; but it's a feature... */
+			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "abandon" ) == 0 ) {
+				abcan = Intr_Abandon;
+				if ( crit ) {
+					gotintr = abcan;
+				}
+
+			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "cancel" ) == 0 ) {
+				abcan = Intr_Cancel;
+				if ( crit ) {
+					gotintr = abcan;
+				}
+
+			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "ignore" ) == 0 ) {
+				abcan = Intr_Ignore;
+				if ( crit ) {
+					gotintr = abcan;
+				}
+
+			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "backlog" ) == 0 ) {
+				/* special search: accumulate lots of responses
+				 * but don't read any, force slapd writer to wait.
+				 * Then abandon the search and issue a new one.
+				 */
+				backlog = 1;
+
+			} else if ( tool_is_oid( control ) ) {
+				LDAPControl	*tmpctrls, ctrl;
+
+				if ( unknown_ctrls != NULL ) {
+					int i;
+					for ( i = 0; unknown_ctrls[ i ].ldctl_oid != NULL; i++ ) {
+						if ( strcmp( control, unknown_ctrls[ i ].ldctl_oid ) == 0 ) {
+							fprintf( stderr, "%s control previously specified\n", control );
+							exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
+				tmpctrls = (LDAPControl *)ber_memrealloc( unknown_ctrls,
+					(unknown_ctrls_num + 1)*sizeof( LDAPControl ) );
+				if ( tmpctrls == NULL ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "%s: no memory?\n", prog );
+					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+				unknown_ctrls = tmpctrls;
+				ctrl.ldctl_oid = control;
+				ctrl.ldctl_value.bv_val = NULL;
+				ctrl.ldctl_value.bv_len = 0;
+				ctrl.ldctl_iscritical = crit;
+
+				if ( cvalue != NULL ) {
+					struct berval	bv;
+					size_t		len = strlen( cvalue );
+					int		retcode;
+
+					bv.bv_len = LUTIL_BASE64_DECODE_LEN( len );
+					bv.bv_val = ber_memalloc( bv.bv_len + 1 );
+
+					retcode = lutil_b64_pton( cvalue,
+						(unsigned char *)bv.bv_val,
+						bv.bv_len );
+
+					if ( retcode == -1 || (unsigned) retcode > bv.bv_len ) {
+						fprintf( stderr, "Unable to parse value of general control %s\n",
+							control );
+						usage();
+					}
+
+					bv.bv_len = retcode;
+					ctrl.ldctl_value = bv;
+				}
+
+				/* don't free it */
+				control = NULL;
+				unknown_ctrls[ unknown_ctrls_num ] = ctrl;
+				unknown_ctrls_num++;
+
+			} else {
+				fprintf( stderr, "Invalid general control name: %s\n",
+					control );
+				usage();
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'f':	/* read from file */
+			if( infile != NULL ) {
+				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -f previously specified\n", prog );
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+			infile = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'H':	/* ldap URI */
+			if( ldapuri != NULL ) {
+				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -H previously specified\n", prog );
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+			ldapuri = ber_strdup( optarg );
+			break;
+		case 'I':
+#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
+			if( authmethod != -1 && authmethod != LDAP_AUTH_SASL ) {
+				fprintf( stderr, "%s: incompatible previous "
+					"authentication choice\n",
+					prog );
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SASL;
+			sasl_flags = LDAP_SASL_INTERACTIVE;
+			break;
+#else
+			fprintf( stderr, "%s: was not compiled with SASL support\n",
+				prog );
+			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+#endif
+		case 'M':
+			/* enable Manage DSA IT */
+			manageDSAit++;
+			break;
+		case 'n':	/* print operations, don't actually do them */
+			dont++;
+			break;
+		case 'N':
+			nocanon++;
+			break;
+		case 'o':
+			control = optarg;
+			if ( (cvalue = strchr( control, '=' )) != NULL ) {
+				*cvalue++ = '\0';
+			}
+			for ( next=control; *next; next++ ) {
+				if ( *next == '-' ) {
+					*next = '_';
+				}
+			}
+
+			if ( strcasecmp( control, "nettimeout" ) == 0 ) {
+				if( nettimeout.tv_sec != -1 ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "nettimeout option previously specified\n");
+					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+				if( cvalue == NULL || cvalue[0] == '\0' ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "nettimeout: option value expected\n" );
+					usage();
+				}
+		 		if ( strcasecmp( cvalue, "none" ) == 0 ) {
+		 			nettimeout.tv_sec = 0;
+		 		} else if ( strcasecmp( cvalue, "max" ) == 0 ) {
+		 			nettimeout.tv_sec = LDAP_MAXINT;
+		 		} else {
+		 			ival = strtol( cvalue, &next, 10 );
+		 			if ( next == NULL || next[0] != '\0' ) {
+		 				fprintf( stderr,
+		 					_("Unable to parse network timeout \"%s\"\n"), cvalue );
+		 				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+		 			}
+		 			nettimeout.tv_sec = ival;
+		 		}
+		 		if( nettimeout.tv_sec < 0 || nettimeout.tv_sec > LDAP_MAXINT ) {
+		 			fprintf( stderr, _("%s: invalid network timeout (%ld) specified\n"),
+		 				prog, (long)nettimeout.tv_sec );
+	 				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+ 				}
+
+			} else if ( strcasecmp( control, "ldif_wrap" ) == 0 ) {
+				if ( cvalue == 0 ) {
+					ldif_wrap = LDIF_LINE_WIDTH;
+
+				} else if ( strcasecmp( cvalue, "no" ) == 0 ) {
+					ldif_wrap = LDIF_LINE_WIDTH_MAX;
+
+				} else {
+					unsigned int u;
+					if ( lutil_atou( &u, cvalue ) ) {
+						fprintf( stderr,
+							_("Unable to parse ldif_wrap=\"%s\"\n"), cvalue );
+		 				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+					}
+					ldif_wrap = (ber_len_t)u;
+				}
+
+			} else if ( ldap_pvt_conf_option( control, cvalue, 1 ) ) {
+				fprintf( stderr, "Invalid general option name: %s\n",
+					control );
+				usage();
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'O':
+#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
+			if( sasl_secprops != NULL ) {
+				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -O previously specified\n", prog );
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+			if( authmethod != -1 && authmethod != LDAP_AUTH_SASL ) {
+				fprintf( stderr, "%s: incompatible previous "
+					"authentication choice\n", prog );
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SASL;
+			sasl_secprops = optarg;
+#else
+			fprintf( stderr, "%s: not compiled with SASL support\n", prog );
+			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+#endif
+			break;
+		case 'P':
+			ival = strtol( optarg, &next, 10 );
+			if ( next == NULL || next[0] != '\0' ) {
+				fprintf( stderr, "%s: unable to parse protocol version \"%s\"\n", prog, optarg );
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+			switch( ival ) {
+			case 2:
+				if( protocol == LDAP_VERSION3 ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "%s: -P 2 incompatible with version %d\n",
+						prog, protocol );
+					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+				protocol = LDAP_VERSION2;
+				break;
+			case 3:
+				if( protocol == LDAP_VERSION2 ) {
+					fprintf( stderr, "%s: -P 2 incompatible with version %d\n",
+						prog, protocol );
+					exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+				protocol = LDAP_VERSION3;
+				break;
+			default:
+				fprintf( stderr, "%s: protocol version should be 2 or 3\n",
+					prog );
+				usage();
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'Q':
+#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
+			if( authmethod != -1 && authmethod != LDAP_AUTH_SASL ) {
+				fprintf( stderr, "%s: incompatible previous "
+					"authentication choice\n",
+					prog );
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SASL;
+			sasl_flags = LDAP_SASL_QUIET;
+			break;
+#else
+			fprintf( stderr, "%s: not compiled with SASL support\n",
+				prog );
+			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+#endif
+		case 'R':
+#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
+			if( sasl_realm != NULL ) {
+				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -R previously specified\n", prog );
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+			if( authmethod != -1 && authmethod != LDAP_AUTH_SASL ) {
+				fprintf( stderr, "%s: incompatible previous "
+					"authentication choice\n",
+					prog );
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SASL;
+			sasl_realm = optarg;
+#else
+			fprintf( stderr, "%s: not compiled with SASL support\n",
+				prog );
+			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+#endif
+			break;
+		case 'U':
+#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
+			if( sasl_authc_id != NULL ) {
+				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -U previously specified\n", prog );
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+			if( authmethod != -1 && authmethod != LDAP_AUTH_SASL ) {
+				fprintf( stderr, "%s: incompatible previous "
+					"authentication choice\n",
+					prog );
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SASL;
+			sasl_authc_id = optarg;
+#else
+			fprintf( stderr, "%s: not compiled with SASL support\n",
+				prog );
+			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+#endif
+			break;
+		case 'v':	/* verbose mode */
+			verbose++;
+			break;
+		case 'V':	/* version */
+			version++;
+			break;
+		case 'w':	/* password */
+			passwd.bv_val = ber_strdup( optarg );
+			{
+				char* p;
+
+				for( p = optarg; *p != '\0'; p++ ) {
+					*p = '\0';
+				}
+			}
+			passwd.bv_len = strlen( passwd.bv_val );
+			break;
+		case 'W':
+			want_bindpw++;
+			break;
+		case 'y':
+			pw_file = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'Y':
+#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
+			if( sasl_mech != NULL ) {
+				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -Y previously specified\n", prog );
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+			if( authmethod != -1 && authmethod != LDAP_AUTH_SASL ) {
+				fprintf( stderr,
+					"%s: incompatible with authentication choice\n", prog );
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SASL;
+			sasl_mech = optarg;
+#else
+			fprintf( stderr, "%s: not compiled with SASL support\n", prog );
+			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+#endif
+			break;
+		case 'x':
+			if( authmethod != -1 && authmethod != LDAP_AUTH_SIMPLE ) {
+				fprintf( stderr, "%s: incompatible with previous "
+					"authentication choice\n", prog );
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SIMPLE;
+			break;
+		case 'X':
+#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
+			if( sasl_authz_id != NULL ) {
+				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -X previously specified\n", prog );
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+			if( authmethod != -1 && authmethod != LDAP_AUTH_SASL ) {
+				fprintf( stderr, "%s: -X incompatible with "
+					"authentication choice\n", prog );
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SASL;
+			sasl_authz_id = optarg;
+#else
+			fprintf( stderr, "%s: not compiled with SASL support\n", prog );
+			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+#endif
+			break;
+		case 'Z':
+#ifdef HAVE_TLS
+			use_tls++;
+#else
+			fprintf( stderr, "%s: not compiled with TLS support\n", prog );
+			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+#endif
+			break;
+		default:
+			if( handle_private_option( i ) ) break;
+			fprintf( stderr, "%s: unrecognized option -%c\n",
+				prog, optopt );
+			usage();
+		}
+	}
+
+	{
+		/* prevent bad linking */
+		LDAPAPIInfo api;
+		api.ldapai_info_version = LDAP_API_INFO_VERSION;
+
+		if ( ldap_get_option(NULL, LDAP_OPT_API_INFO, &api)
+			!= LDAP_OPT_SUCCESS )
+		{
+			fprintf( stderr, "%s: ldap_get_option(API_INFO) failed\n", prog );
+			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+		}
+
+		if (api.ldapai_info_version != LDAP_API_INFO_VERSION) {
+			fprintf( stderr, "LDAP APIInfo version mismatch: "
+				"library %d, header %d\n",
+				api.ldapai_info_version, LDAP_API_INFO_VERSION );
+			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+		}
+
+		if( api.ldapai_api_version != LDAP_API_VERSION ) {
+			fprintf( stderr, "LDAP API version mismatch: "
+				"library %d, header %d\n",
+				api.ldapai_api_version, LDAP_API_VERSION );
+			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+		}
+
+		if( strcmp(api.ldapai_vendor_name, LDAP_VENDOR_NAME ) != 0 ) {
+			fprintf( stderr, "LDAP vendor name mismatch: "
+				"library %s, header %s\n",
+				api.ldapai_vendor_name, LDAP_VENDOR_NAME );
+			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+		}
+
+		if( api.ldapai_vendor_version != LDAP_VENDOR_VERSION ) {
+			fprintf( stderr, "LDAP vendor version mismatch: "
+				"library %d, header %d\n",
+				api.ldapai_vendor_version, LDAP_VENDOR_VERSION );
+			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+		}
+
+		if (version) {
+			fprintf( stderr, "%s: %s\t(LDAP library: %s %d)\n",
+				prog, __Version,
+				LDAP_VENDOR_NAME, LDAP_VENDOR_VERSION );
+			if (version > 1) exit( EXIT_SUCCESS );
+		}
+
+		ldap_memfree( api.ldapai_vendor_name );
+		ber_memvfree( (void **)api.ldapai_extensions );
+	}
+
+	if (protocol == -1)
+		protocol = LDAP_VERSION3;
+
+	if (authmethod == -1 && protocol > LDAP_VERSION2) {
+#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
+		if ( binddn != NULL ) {
+			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SIMPLE;
+		} else {
+			authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SASL;
+		}
+#else
+		authmethod = LDAP_AUTH_SIMPLE;
+#endif
+	}
+
+	if( protocol == LDAP_VERSION2 ) {
+		if( assertctl || authzid || manageDIT || manageDSAit ||
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_OBSOLETE_PROXY_AUTHZ
+			proxydn ||
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_OBSOLETE_PROXY_AUTHZ */
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_CHAINING_BEHAVIOR
+			chaining ||
+#endif
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING
+			sessionTracking ||
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING */
+			noop || ppolicy || preread || postread )
+		{
+			fprintf( stderr, "%s: -e/-M incompatible with LDAPv2\n", prog );
+			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+		}
+#ifdef HAVE_TLS
+		if( use_tls ) {
+			fprintf( stderr, "%s: -Z incompatible with LDAPv2\n", prog );
+			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+		}
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
+		if( authmethod == LDAP_AUTH_SASL ) {
+			fprintf( stderr, "%s: -[IOQRUXY] incompatible with LDAPv2\n",
+				prog );
+			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+		}
+#endif
+	}
+
+	if ( ( pw_file || want_bindpw ) && !BER_BVISNULL( &passwd ) ) {
+		fprintf( stderr, "%s: -%c incompatible with -w\n",
+			prog, ( pw_file ? 'y' : 'W' ) );
+		exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+	}
+}
+
+
+LDAP *
+tool_conn_setup( int dont, void (*private_setup)( LDAP * ) )
+{
+	LDAP *ld = NULL;
+
+	if ( debug ) {
+		if( ber_set_option( NULL, LBER_OPT_DEBUG_LEVEL, &debug )
+			!= LBER_OPT_SUCCESS )
+		{
+			fprintf( stderr,
+				"Could not set LBER_OPT_DEBUG_LEVEL %d\n", debug );
+		}
+		if( ldap_set_option( NULL, LDAP_OPT_DEBUG_LEVEL, &debug )
+			!= LDAP_OPT_SUCCESS )
+		{
+			fprintf( stderr,
+				"Could not set LDAP_OPT_DEBUG_LEVEL %d\n", debug );
+		}
+	}
+
+#ifdef SIGPIPE
+	(void) SIGNAL( SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN );
+#endif
+
+	if ( abcan ) {
+		SIGNAL( SIGINT, do_sig );
+	}
+
+	if ( !dont ) {
+		int rc;
+
+		if ( ldapuri != NULL ) {
+			LDAPURLDesc	*ludlist, **ludp;
+			char		**urls = NULL;
+			int		nurls = 0;
+
+			rc = ldap_url_parselist( &ludlist, ldapuri );
+			if ( rc != LDAP_URL_SUCCESS ) {
+				fprintf( stderr,
+					"Could not parse LDAP URI(s)=%s (%d)\n",
+					ldapuri, rc );
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+
+			for ( ludp = &ludlist; *ludp != NULL; ) {
+				LDAPURLDesc	*lud = *ludp;
+				char		**tmp;
+
+				if ( lud->lud_dn != NULL && lud->lud_dn[ 0 ] != '\0' &&
+					( lud->lud_host == NULL || lud->lud_host[0] == '\0' ) )
+				{
+					/* if no host but a DN is provided,
+					 * use DNS SRV to gather the host list
+					 * and turn it into a list of URIs
+					 * using the scheme provided */
+					char	*domain = NULL,
+						*hostlist = NULL,
+						**hosts = NULL;
+					int	i,
+						len_proto = strlen( lud->lud_scheme );
+
+					if ( ldap_dn2domain( lud->lud_dn, &domain )
+						|| domain == NULL )
+					{
+						fprintf( stderr,
+							"DNS SRV: Could not turn "
+							"DN=\"%s\" into a domain\n",
+							lud->lud_dn );
+						goto dnssrv_free;
+					}
+					
+					rc = ldap_domain2hostlist( domain, &hostlist );
+					if ( rc ) {
+						fprintf( stderr,
+							"DNS SRV: Could not turn "
+							"domain=%s into a hostlist\n",
+							domain );
+						goto dnssrv_free;
+					}
+
+					hosts = ldap_str2charray( hostlist, " " );
+					if ( hosts == NULL ) {
+						fprintf( stderr,
+							"DNS SRV: Could not parse "
+							"hostlist=\"%s\"\n",
+							hostlist );
+						goto dnssrv_free;
+					}
+
+					for ( i = 0; hosts[ i ] != NULL; i++ )
+						/* count'em */ ;
+
+					tmp = (char **)ber_memrealloc( urls, sizeof( char * ) * ( nurls + i + 1 ) );
+					if ( tmp == NULL ) {
+						fprintf( stderr,
+							"DNS SRV: out of memory?\n" );
+						goto dnssrv_free;
+					}
+					urls = tmp;
+					urls[ nurls ] = NULL;
+
+					for ( i = 0; hosts[ i ] != NULL; i++ ) {
+						size_t	len = len_proto
+							+ STRLENOF( "://" )
+							+ strlen( hosts[ i ] )
+							+ 1;
+
+						urls[ nurls + i + 1 ] = NULL;
+						urls[ nurls + i ] = (char *)malloc( sizeof( char ) * len );
+						if ( urls[ nurls + i ] == NULL ) {
+							fprintf( stderr,
+								"DNS SRV: out of memory?\n" );
+							goto dnssrv_free;
+						}
+
+						snprintf( urls[ nurls + i ], len, "%s://%s",
+							lud->lud_scheme, hosts[ i ] );
+					}
+					nurls += i;
+
+dnssrv_free:;
+					ber_memvfree( (void **)hosts );
+					ber_memfree( hostlist );
+					ber_memfree( domain );
+
+				} else {
+					tmp = (char **)ber_memrealloc( urls, sizeof( char * ) * ( nurls + 2 ) );
+					if ( tmp == NULL ) {
+						fprintf( stderr,
+							"DNS SRV: out of memory?\n" );
+						break;
+					}
+					urls = tmp;
+					urls[ nurls + 1 ] = NULL;
+
+					urls[ nurls ] = ldap_url_desc2str( lud );
+					if ( urls[ nurls ] == NULL ) {
+						fprintf( stderr,
+							"DNS SRV: out of memory?\n" );
+						break;
+					}
+					nurls++;
+				}
+
+				*ludp = lud->lud_next;
+
+				lud->lud_next = NULL;
+				ldap_free_urldesc( lud );
+			}
+
+			if ( ludlist != NULL ) {
+				ldap_free_urllist( ludlist );
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+
+			} else if ( urls == NULL ) {
+				exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+
+			ldap_memfree( ldapuri );
+			ldapuri = ldap_charray2str( urls, " " );
+			ber_memvfree( (void **)urls );
+		}
+
+		if ( verbose ) {
+			fprintf( stderr, "ldap_initialize( %s )\n",
+				ldapuri != NULL ? ldapuri : "<DEFAULT>" );
+		}
+		rc = ldap_initialize( &ld, ldapuri );
+		if( rc != LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
+			fprintf( stderr,
+				"Could not create LDAP session handle for URI=%s (%d): %s\n",
+				ldapuri, rc, ldap_err2string(rc) );
+			exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+		}
+
+		if( private_setup ) private_setup( ld );
+
+		/* referrals: obsolete */
+		if( ldap_set_option( ld, LDAP_OPT_REFERRALS,
+			referrals ? LDAP_OPT_ON : LDAP_OPT_OFF ) != LDAP_OPT_SUCCESS )
+		{
+			fprintf( stderr, "Could not set LDAP_OPT_REFERRALS %s\n",
+				referrals ? "on" : "off" );
+			tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+		}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
+		/* canon */
+		if( nocanon ) {
+			if( ldap_set_option( ld, LDAP_OPT_X_SASL_NOCANON,
+				LDAP_OPT_ON ) != LDAP_OPT_SUCCESS )
+			{
+				fprintf( stderr, "Could not set LDAP_OPT_X_SASL_NOCANON on\n" );
+				tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+		}
+#endif
+		if( ldap_set_option( ld, LDAP_OPT_PROTOCOL_VERSION, &protocol )
+			!= LDAP_OPT_SUCCESS )
+		{
+			fprintf( stderr, "Could not set LDAP_OPT_PROTOCOL_VERSION %d\n",
+				protocol );
+			tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+		}
+
+		if ( use_tls ) {
+			rc = ldap_start_tls_s( ld, NULL, NULL );
+			if ( rc != LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
+				char *msg=NULL;
+				ldap_get_option( ld, LDAP_OPT_DIAGNOSTIC_MESSAGE, (void*)&msg);
+				tool_perror( "ldap_start_tls", rc, NULL, NULL, msg, NULL );
+				ldap_memfree(msg);
+				if ( use_tls > 1 || rc < 0 ) {
+					tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if ( nettimeout.tv_sec > 0 ) {
+	 		if ( ldap_set_option( ld, LDAP_OPT_NETWORK_TIMEOUT, (void *) &nettimeout )
+				!= LDAP_OPT_SUCCESS )
+			{
+		 		fprintf( stderr, "Could not set LDAP_OPT_NETWORK_TIMEOUT %ld\n",
+					(long)nettimeout.tv_sec );
+	 			tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ld;
+}
+
+
+void
+tool_bind( LDAP *ld )
+{
+	LDAPControl	**sctrlsp = NULL;
+	LDAPControl	*sctrls[4];
+	LDAPControl	sctrl[3];
+	int		nsctrls = 0;
+
+	int rc, msgid;
+	LDAPMessage *result = NULL;
+
+	int err;
+	char *matched = NULL;
+	char *info = NULL;
+	char **refs = NULL;
+	LDAPControl **ctrls = NULL;
+	char msgbuf[256];
+
+	msgbuf[0] = 0;
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_PASSWORDPOLICYREQUEST
+	if ( ppolicy ) {
+		LDAPControl c;
+		c.ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_PASSWORDPOLICYREQUEST;
+		c.ldctl_value.bv_val = NULL;
+		c.ldctl_value.bv_len = 0;
+		c.ldctl_iscritical = 0;
+		sctrl[nsctrls] = c;
+		sctrls[nsctrls] = &sctrl[nsctrls];
+		sctrls[++nsctrls] = NULL;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	if ( bauthzid ) {
+		LDAPControl c;
+
+		c.ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_AUTHZID_REQUEST;
+		c.ldctl_iscritical = bauthzid > 1;
+		BER_BVZERO( &c.ldctl_value );
+
+		sctrl[nsctrls] = c;
+		sctrls[nsctrls] = &sctrl[nsctrls];
+		sctrls[++nsctrls] = NULL;
+	}
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING
+	if ( sessionTracking ) {
+		LDAPControl c;
+
+		if ( BER_BVISNULL( &stValue) && st_value( ld, &stValue ) ) {
+			tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+		}
+
+		c.ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING;
+		c.ldctl_iscritical = 0;
+		c.ldctl_value = stValue;
+
+		sctrl[nsctrls] = c;
+		sctrls[nsctrls] = &sctrl[nsctrls];
+		sctrls[++nsctrls] = NULL;
+	}
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING */
+
+	if ( nsctrls ) {
+		sctrlsp = sctrls;
+	}
+
+	assert( nsctrls < (int) (sizeof(sctrls)/sizeof(sctrls[0])) );
+
+	if ( pw_file || want_bindpw ) {
+		assert( passwd.bv_val == NULL && passwd.bv_len == 0 );
+
+		if ( pw_file ) {
+			if ( lutil_get_filed_password( pw_file, &passwd ) ) {
+				tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+
+		} else {
+			char *pw = getpassphrase( _("Enter LDAP Password: ") );
+			if ( pw ) {
+				passwd.bv_val = ber_strdup( pw );
+				passwd.bv_len = strlen( passwd.bv_val );
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ( authmethod == LDAP_AUTH_SASL ) {
+#ifdef HAVE_CYRUS_SASL
+		void *defaults;
+		const char *rmech = NULL;
+
+		if( sasl_secprops != NULL ) {
+			rc = ldap_set_option( ld, LDAP_OPT_X_SASL_SECPROPS,
+				(void *) sasl_secprops );
+
+			if( rc != LDAP_OPT_SUCCESS ) {
+				fprintf( stderr,
+					"Could not set LDAP_OPT_X_SASL_SECPROPS: %s\n",
+					sasl_secprops );
+				tool_exit( ld, LDAP_LOCAL_ERROR );
+			}
+		}
+
+		defaults = lutil_sasl_defaults( ld,
+			sasl_mech,
+			sasl_realm,
+			sasl_authc_id,
+			passwd.bv_val,
+			sasl_authz_id );
+
+		do {
+			rc = ldap_sasl_interactive_bind( ld, binddn, sasl_mech,
+				sctrlsp, NULL, sasl_flags, lutil_sasl_interact, defaults,
+				result, &rmech, &msgid );
+
+			if ( rc != LDAP_SASL_BIND_IN_PROGRESS )
+				break;
+
+			ldap_msgfree( result );
+
+			if ( ldap_result( ld, msgid, LDAP_MSG_ALL, NULL, &result ) == -1 || !result ) {
+				ldap_get_option( ld, LDAP_OPT_RESULT_CODE, (void*)&err );
+				ldap_get_option( ld, LDAP_OPT_DIAGNOSTIC_MESSAGE, (void*)&info );
+				tool_perror( "ldap_sasl_interactive_bind",
+					err, NULL, NULL, info, NULL );
+				ldap_memfree( info );
+				tool_exit( ld, err );
+			}
+		} while ( rc == LDAP_SASL_BIND_IN_PROGRESS );
+
+		lutil_sasl_freedefs( defaults );
+
+		if ( rc != LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
+			ldap_get_option( ld, LDAP_OPT_DIAGNOSTIC_MESSAGE, (void*)&info );
+			tool_perror( "ldap_sasl_interactive_bind",
+				rc, NULL, NULL, info, NULL );
+			ldap_memfree( info );
+			tool_exit( ld, rc );
+		}
+#else
+		fprintf( stderr, "%s: not compiled with SASL support\n", prog );
+		tool_exit( ld, LDAP_NOT_SUPPORTED );
+#endif
+	} else {
+		/* simple bind */
+		rc = ldap_sasl_bind( ld, binddn, LDAP_SASL_SIMPLE, &passwd,
+			sctrlsp, NULL, &msgid );
+		if ( msgid == -1 ) {
+			tool_perror( "ldap_sasl_bind(SIMPLE)", rc,
+				NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL );
+			tool_exit( ld, rc );
+		}
+
+		rc = ldap_result( ld, msgid, LDAP_MSG_ALL, NULL, &result );
+		if ( rc == -1 ) {
+			tool_perror( "ldap_result", -1, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL );
+			tool_exit( ld, LDAP_LOCAL_ERROR );
+		}
+
+		if ( rc == 0 ) {
+			tool_perror( "ldap_result", LDAP_TIMEOUT, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL );
+			tool_exit( ld, LDAP_LOCAL_ERROR );
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ( result ) {
+		rc = ldap_parse_result( ld, result, &err, &matched, &info, &refs,
+		                        &ctrls, 1 );
+		if ( rc != LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
+			tool_perror( "ldap_bind parse result", rc, NULL, matched, info, refs );
+			tool_exit( ld, LDAP_LOCAL_ERROR );
+		}
+	}
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_PASSWORDPOLICYREQUEST
+	if ( ctrls && ppolicy ) {
+		LDAPControl *ctrl;
+		int expire, grace, len = 0;
+		LDAPPasswordPolicyError pErr = -1;
+		
+		ctrl = ldap_control_find( LDAP_CONTROL_PASSWORDPOLICYRESPONSE,
+			ctrls, NULL );
+
+		if ( ctrl && ldap_parse_passwordpolicy_control( ld, ctrl,
+			&expire, &grace, &pErr ) == LDAP_SUCCESS )
+		{
+			if ( pErr != PP_noError ){
+				msgbuf[0] = ';';
+				msgbuf[1] = ' ';
+				strcpy( msgbuf+2, ldap_passwordpolicy_err2txt( pErr ));
+				len = strlen( msgbuf );
+			}
+			if ( expire >= 0 ) {
+				sprintf( msgbuf+len,
+					" (Password expires in %d seconds)",
+					expire );
+			} else if ( grace >= 0 ) {
+				sprintf( msgbuf+len,
+					" (Password expired, %d grace logins remain)",
+					grace );
+			}
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+
+	if ( ctrls && bauthzid ) {
+		LDAPControl *ctrl;
+		
+		ctrl = ldap_control_find( LDAP_CONTROL_AUTHZID_RESPONSE,
+			ctrls, NULL );
+		if ( ctrl ) {
+			LDAPControl *ctmp[2];
+			ctmp[0] = ctrl;
+			ctmp[1] = NULL;
+			tool_print_ctrls( ld, ctmp );
+		}
+	}
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_PASSWORD_EXPIRED
+	if ( ctrls ) {
+		LDAPControl *ctrl;
+		ctrl = ldap_control_find( LDAP_CONTROL_X_PASSWORD_EXPIRED,
+			ctrls, NULL );
+		if ( !ctrl )
+			ctrl = ldap_control_find( LDAP_CONTROL_X_PASSWORD_EXPIRING,
+				ctrls, NULL );
+		if ( ctrl ) {
+			LDAPControl *ctmp[2];
+			ctmp[0] = ctrl;
+			ctmp[1] = NULL;
+			tool_print_ctrls( ld, ctmp );
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+
+	if ( ctrls ) {
+		ldap_controls_free( ctrls );
+	}
+
+	if ( err != LDAP_SUCCESS
+		|| msgbuf[0]
+		|| ( matched && matched[ 0 ] )
+		|| ( info && info[ 0 ] )
+		|| refs )
+	{
+		tool_perror( "ldap_bind", err, msgbuf, matched, info, refs );
+
+		if( matched ) ber_memfree( matched );
+		if( info ) ber_memfree( info );
+		if( refs ) ber_memvfree( (void **)refs );
+
+		if ( err != LDAP_SUCCESS ) tool_exit( ld, err );
+	}
+}
+
+void
+tool_unbind( LDAP *ld )
+{
+	int err = ldap_set_option( ld, LDAP_OPT_SERVER_CONTROLS, NULL );
+
+	if ( err != LDAP_OPT_SUCCESS ) {
+		fprintf( stderr, "Could not unset controls\n");
+	}
+
+	(void) ldap_unbind_ext( ld, NULL, NULL );
+}
+
+void
+tool_exit( LDAP *ld, int status )
+{
+	if ( ld != NULL ) {
+		tool_unbind( ld );
+	}
+	tool_destroy();
+	exit( status );
+}
+
+
+/* Set server controls.  Add controls extra_c[0..count-1], if set. */
+void
+tool_server_controls( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *extra_c, int count )
+{
+	int i = 0, j, crit = 0, err;
+	LDAPControl c[16], **ctrls;
+
+	if ( ! ( assertctl
+		|| authzid
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_OBSOLETE_PROXY_AUTHZ
+		|| proxydn
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_OBSOLETE_PROXY_AUTHZ */
+		|| manageDIT
+		|| manageDSAit
+		|| noop
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_PASSWORDPOLICYREQUEST
+		|| ppolicy
+#endif
+		|| preread
+		|| postread
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_CHAINING_BEHAVIOR
+		|| chaining
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_X_CHAINING_BEHAVIOR */
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING
+		|| sessionTracking
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING */
+		|| count
+		|| unknown_ctrls_num ) )
+	{
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ctrls = (LDAPControl**) malloc(sizeof(c) + (count + unknown_ctrls_num + 1)*sizeof(LDAPControl*));
+	if ( ctrls == NULL ) {
+		fprintf( stderr, "No memory\n" );
+		tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+	}
+
+	if ( assertctl ) {
+		if ( BER_BVISNULL( &assertionvalue ) ) {
+			err = ldap_create_assertion_control_value( ld,
+				assertion, &assertionvalue );
+			if ( err ) {
+				fprintf( stderr,
+					"Unable to create assertion value "
+					"\"%s\" (%d)\n", assertion, err );
+			}
+		}
+
+		c[i].ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_ASSERT;
+		c[i].ldctl_value = assertionvalue;
+		c[i].ldctl_iscritical = assertctl > 1;
+		ctrls[i] = &c[i];
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	if ( authzid ) {
+		c[i].ldctl_value.bv_val = authzid;
+		c[i].ldctl_value.bv_len = strlen( authzid );
+		c[i].ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_PROXY_AUTHZ;
+		c[i].ldctl_iscritical = authzcrit;
+		ctrls[i] = &c[i];
+		i++;
+	}
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_OBSOLETE_PROXY_AUTHZ
+	/* NOTE: doesn't need an extra count because it's incompatible
+	 * with authzid */
+	if ( proxydn ) {
+		BerElementBuffer berbuf;
+		BerElement *ber = (BerElement *)&berbuf;
+		
+		ber_init2( ber, NULL, LBER_USE_DER );
+
+		if ( ber_printf( ber, "s", proxydn ) == -1 ) {
+			tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+		}
+
+		if ( ber_flatten2( ber, &c[i].ldctl_value, 0 ) == -1 ) {
+			tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+		}
+
+		c[i].ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_OBSOLETE_PROXY_AUTHZ;
+		c[i].ldctl_iscritical = authzcrit;
+		ctrls[i] = &c[i];
+		i++;
+	}
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_OBSOLETE_PROXY_AUTHZ */
+
+	if ( manageDIT ) {
+		c[i].ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_MANAGEDIT;
+		BER_BVZERO( &c[i].ldctl_value );
+		c[i].ldctl_iscritical = manageDIT > 1;
+		ctrls[i] = &c[i];
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	if ( manageDSAit ) {
+		c[i].ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_MANAGEDSAIT;
+		BER_BVZERO( &c[i].ldctl_value );
+		c[i].ldctl_iscritical = manageDSAit > 1;
+		ctrls[i] = &c[i];
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	if ( noop ) {
+		c[i].ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_NOOP;
+		BER_BVZERO( &c[i].ldctl_value );
+		c[i].ldctl_iscritical = noop > 1;
+		ctrls[i] = &c[i];
+		i++;
+	}
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_PASSWORDPOLICYREQUEST
+	if ( ppolicy ) {
+		c[i].ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_PASSWORDPOLICYREQUEST;
+		BER_BVZERO( &c[i].ldctl_value );
+		c[i].ldctl_iscritical = 0;
+		ctrls[i] = &c[i];
+		i++;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	if ( preread ) {
+		BerElementBuffer berbuf;
+		BerElement *ber = (BerElement *)&berbuf;
+		char **attrs = NULL;
+
+		if( preread_attrs ) {
+			attrs = ldap_str2charray( preread_attrs, "," );
+		}
+
+		ber_init2( ber, NULL, LBER_USE_DER );
+
+		if( ber_printf( ber, "{v}", attrs ) == -1 ) {
+			fprintf( stderr, "preread attrs encode failed.\n" );
+			tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+		}
+
+		err = ber_flatten2( ber, &c[i].ldctl_value, 0 );
+		if( err < 0 ) {
+			fprintf( stderr, "preread flatten failed (%d)\n", err );
+			tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+		}
+
+		c[i].ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_PRE_READ;
+		c[i].ldctl_iscritical = preread > 1;
+		ctrls[i] = &c[i];
+		i++;
+
+		if( attrs ) ldap_charray_free( attrs );
+	}
+
+	if ( postread ) {
+		BerElementBuffer berbuf;
+		BerElement *ber = (BerElement *)&berbuf;
+		char **attrs = NULL;
+
+		if( postread_attrs ) {
+			attrs = ldap_str2charray( postread_attrs, "," );
+		}
+
+		ber_init2( ber, NULL, LBER_USE_DER );
+
+		if( ber_printf( ber, "{v}", attrs ) == -1 ) {
+			fprintf( stderr, "postread attrs encode failed.\n" );
+			tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+		}
+
+		err = ber_flatten2( ber, &c[i].ldctl_value, 0 );
+		if( err < 0 ) {
+			fprintf( stderr, "postread flatten failed (%d)\n", err );
+			tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+		}
+
+		c[i].ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_POST_READ;
+		c[i].ldctl_iscritical = postread > 1;
+		ctrls[i] = &c[i];
+		i++;
+
+		if( attrs ) ldap_charray_free( attrs );
+	}
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_CHAINING_BEHAVIOR
+	if ( chaining ) {
+		if ( chainingResolve > -1 ) {
+			BerElementBuffer berbuf;
+			BerElement *ber = (BerElement *)&berbuf;
+
+			ber_init2( ber, NULL, LBER_USE_DER );
+
+			err = ber_printf( ber, "{e" /* } */, chainingResolve );
+		    	if ( err == -1 ) {
+				ber_free( ber, 1 );
+				fprintf( stderr, _("Chaining behavior control encoding error!\n") );
+				tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+
+			if ( chainingContinuation > -1 ) {
+				err = ber_printf( ber, "e", chainingContinuation );
+		    		if ( err == -1 ) {
+					ber_free( ber, 1 );
+					fprintf( stderr, _("Chaining behavior control encoding error!\n") );
+					tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+				}
+			}
+
+			err = ber_printf( ber, /* { */ "N}" );
+		    	if ( err == -1 ) {
+				ber_free( ber, 1 );
+				fprintf( stderr, _("Chaining behavior control encoding error!\n") );
+				tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+
+			if ( ber_flatten2( ber, &c[i].ldctl_value, 0 ) == -1 ) {
+				tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+			}
+
+		} else {
+			BER_BVZERO( &c[i].ldctl_value );
+		}
+
+		c[i].ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_X_CHAINING_BEHAVIOR;
+		c[i].ldctl_iscritical = chaining > 1;
+		ctrls[i] = &c[i];
+		i++;
+	}
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_X_CHAINING_BEHAVIOR */
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING
+	if ( sessionTracking ) {
+		if ( BER_BVISNULL( &stValue ) && st_value( ld, &stValue ) ) {
+			tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+		}
+
+		c[i].ldctl_oid = LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING;
+		c[i].ldctl_iscritical = 0;
+		c[i].ldctl_value = stValue;
+
+		ctrls[i] = &c[i];
+		i++;
+	}
+#endif /* LDAP_CONTROL_X_SESSION_TRACKING */
+
+	while ( count-- ) {
+		ctrls[i++] = extra_c++;
+	}
+	for ( count = 0; count < unknown_ctrls_num; count++ ) {
+		ctrls[i++] = &unknown_ctrls[count];
+	}
+	ctrls[i] = NULL;
+
+	err = ldap_set_option( ld, LDAP_OPT_SERVER_CONTROLS, ctrls );
+
+	if ( err != LDAP_OPT_SUCCESS ) {
+		for ( j = 0; j < i; j++ ) {
+			if ( ctrls[j]->ldctl_iscritical ) crit = 1;
+		}
+		fprintf( stderr, "Could not set %scontrols\n",
+			crit ? "critical " : "" );
+	}
+
+ 	free( ctrls );
+	if ( crit ) {
+		tool_exit( ld, EXIT_FAILURE );
+	}
+}
+
+int
+tool_check_abandon( LDAP *ld, int msgid )
+{
+	int	rc;
+	LDAPControl *sctrls[1] = { NULL };
+
+	switch ( gotintr ) {
+	case Intr_Cancel:
+		rc = ldap_cancel_s( ld, msgid, sctrls, NULL );
+		fprintf( stderr, "got interrupt, cancel got %d: %s\n",
+				rc, ldap_err2string( rc ) );
+		return -1;
+
+	case Intr_Abandon:
+		rc = ldap_abandon_ext( ld, msgid, sctrls, NULL );
+		fprintf( stderr, "got interrupt, abandon got %d: %s\n",
+				rc, ldap_err2string( rc ) );
+		return -1;
+
+	case Intr_Ignore:
+		/* just unbind, ignoring the request */
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+print_prepostread( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl, struct berval *what)
+{
+	BerElement	*ber;
+	struct berval	bv;
+
+	tool_write_ldif( LDIF_PUT_COMMENT, "==> ",
+		what->bv_val, what->bv_len );
+	ber = ber_init( &ctrl->ldctl_value );
+	if ( ber == NULL ) {
+		/* error? */
+		return 1;
+
+	} else if ( ber_scanf( ber, "{m{" /*}}*/, &bv ) == LBER_ERROR ) {
+		/* error? */
+		return 1;
+
+	} else {
+		tool_write_ldif( LDIF_PUT_VALUE, "dn", bv.bv_val, bv.bv_len );
+
+		while ( ber_scanf( ber, "{m" /*}*/, &bv ) != LBER_ERROR ) {
+			int		i;
+			BerVarray	vals = NULL;
+			char		*str = NULL;
+
+			if ( ber_scanf( ber, "[W]", &vals ) == LBER_ERROR ||
+				vals == NULL )
+			{
+				/* error? */
+				return 1;
+			}
+
+			if ( ldif ) {
+				char *ptr;
+
+				str = malloc( bv.bv_len + STRLENOF(": ") + 1 );
+
+				ptr = str;
+				ptr = lutil_strncopy( ptr, bv.bv_val, bv.bv_len );
+				ptr = lutil_strcopy( ptr, ": " );
+			}
+		
+			for ( i = 0; vals[ i ].bv_val != NULL; i++ ) {
+				tool_write_ldif(
+					ldif ? LDIF_PUT_COMMENT : LDIF_PUT_VALUE,
+					ldif ? str : bv.bv_val, vals[ i ].bv_val, vals[ i ].bv_len );
+			}
+
+			ber_bvarray_free( vals );
+			if ( str ) free( str );
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ( ber != NULL ) {
+		ber_free( ber, 1 );
+	}
+
+	tool_write_ldif( LDIF_PUT_COMMENT, "<== ",
+		what->bv_val, what->bv_len );
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+print_preread( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl )
+{
+	static struct berval what = BER_BVC( "preread" );
+
+	return print_prepostread( ld, ctrl, &what );
+}
+
+static int
+print_postread( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl )
+{
+	static struct berval what = BER_BVC( "postread" );
+
+	return print_prepostread( ld, ctrl, &what );
+}
+
+static int
+print_paged_results( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl )
+{
+	ber_int_t estimate;
+
+	/* note: pr_cookie is being malloced; it's freed
+	 * the next time the control is sent, but the last
+	 * time it's not; we don't care too much, because
+	 * the last time an empty value is returned... */
+	if ( ldap_parse_pageresponse_control( ld, ctrl, &estimate, &pr_cookie )
+		!= LDAP_SUCCESS )
+	{
+		/* error? */
+		return 1;
+
+	} else {
+		char	buf[ BUFSIZ ], *ptr = buf;
+		int plen;
+
+		if ( estimate > 0 ) {
+			plen = sprintf( buf, "estimate=%d cookie=", estimate );
+		} else {
+			plen = sprintf( buf, "cookie=" );
+		}
+
+		if ( pr_cookie.bv_len > 0 ) {
+			struct berval	bv;
+
+			bv.bv_len = LUTIL_BASE64_ENCODE_LEN(
+				pr_cookie.bv_len ) + 1;
+			ptr = ber_memalloc( bv.bv_len + 1 + plen );
+			bv.bv_val = ptr + plen;
+
+			strcpy( ptr, buf );
+
+			bv.bv_len = lutil_b64_ntop(
+				(unsigned char *) pr_cookie.bv_val,
+				pr_cookie.bv_len,
+				bv.bv_val, bv.bv_len );
+
+			pr_morePagedResults = 1;
+			plen += bv.bv_len;
+		}
+
+		tool_write_ldif( ldif ? LDIF_PUT_COMMENT : LDIF_PUT_VALUE,
+			ldif ? "pagedresults: " : "pagedresults",
+			ptr, plen );
+
+		if ( ptr != buf )
+			ber_memfree( ptr );
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+print_psearch( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl )
+{
+	int rc;
+	int chgtype;
+	int chgpres;
+	long chgnum;
+	struct berval prevdn;
+
+	rc = ldap_parse_entrychange_control( ld, ctrl, &chgtype, &prevdn,
+		&chgpres, &chgnum );
+	if ( rc == LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
+		char buf[ BUFSIZ ];
+		char *ptr = buf;
+		int blen = sizeof(buf), len;
+		
+		switch( chgtype ) {
+		case LDAP_CONTROL_PERSIST_ENTRY_CHANGE_ADD:
+			len = snprintf( ptr, blen, "add" );
+			ptr += len;
+			blen -= len;
+			break;
+		case LDAP_CONTROL_PERSIST_ENTRY_CHANGE_DELETE:
+			len = snprintf( ptr, blen, "delete" );
+			ptr += len;
+			blen -= len;
+			break;
+		case LDAP_CONTROL_PERSIST_ENTRY_CHANGE_MODIFY:
+			len = snprintf( ptr, blen, "modify" );
+			ptr += len;
+			blen -= len;
+			break;
+		case LDAP_CONTROL_PERSIST_ENTRY_CHANGE_RENAME:
+			len = snprintf( ptr, blen, "moddn" );
+			ptr += len;
+			blen -= len;
+			if ( prevdn.bv_val != NULL ) {
+				len = snprintf( ptr, blen, " prevdn %s", prevdn.bv_val );
+				ptr += len;
+				blen -= len;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		if ( chgpres ) {
+			len = snprintf( ptr, blen, " changeNumber %ld", chgnum) ;
+			ptr += len;
+			blen -= len;
+		}
+
+		tool_write_ldif( ldif ? LDIF_PUT_COMMENT : LDIF_PUT_VALUE,
+			ldif ? "persistentSearch: " : "persistentSearch", buf, len );
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static int
+print_sss( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl )
+{
+	int rc;
+	ber_int_t err;
+	char *attr;
+
+	rc = ldap_parse_sortresponse_control( ld, ctrl, &err, &attr );
+	if ( rc == LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
+		char buf[ BUFSIZ ];
+		rc = snprintf( buf, sizeof(buf), "(%d) %s%s%s",
+			err, ldap_err2string(err), attr ? " " : "", attr ? attr : "" );
+
+		tool_write_ldif( ldif ? LDIF_PUT_COMMENT : LDIF_PUT_VALUE,
+			ldif ? "sortResult: " : "sortResult", buf, rc );
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static int
+print_vlv( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl )
+{
+	int rc;
+	ber_int_t err;
+	struct berval bv;
+
+	rc = ldap_parse_vlvresponse_control( ld, ctrl, &vlvPos, &vlvCount,
+		&vlvContext, &err );
+	if ( rc == LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
+		char buf[ BUFSIZ ];
+
+		if ( vlvContext && vlvContext->bv_len > 0 ) {
+			bv.bv_len = LUTIL_BASE64_ENCODE_LEN(
+				vlvContext->bv_len ) + 1;
+			bv.bv_val = ber_memalloc( bv.bv_len + 1 );
+
+			bv.bv_len = lutil_b64_ntop(
+				(unsigned char *) vlvContext->bv_val,
+				vlvContext->bv_len,
+				bv.bv_val, bv.bv_len );
+		} else {
+			bv.bv_val = "";
+			bv.bv_len = 0;
+		}
+
+		rc = snprintf( buf, sizeof(buf), "pos=%d count=%d context=%s (%d) %s",
+			vlvPos, vlvCount, bv.bv_val,
+			err, ldap_err2string(err));
+
+		if ( bv.bv_len )
+			ber_memfree( bv.bv_val );
+
+		tool_write_ldif( ldif ? LDIF_PUT_COMMENT : LDIF_PUT_VALUE,
+			ldif ? "vlvResult" : "vlvResult", buf, rc );
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_DEREF
+static int
+print_deref( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl )
+{
+	LDAPDerefRes    *drhead = NULL, *dr;
+	int		rc;
+
+	rc = ldap_parse_derefresponse_control( ld, ctrl, &drhead );
+	if ( rc != LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
+		return rc;
+	}
+
+	for ( dr = drhead; dr != NULL; dr = dr->next ) {
+		LDAPDerefVal	*dv;
+		ber_len_t	len;
+		char		*buf, *ptr;
+
+		len = strlen( dr->derefAttr ) + STRLENOF(": ");
+
+		for ( dv = dr->attrVals; dv != NULL; dv = dv->next ) {
+			if ( dv->vals != NULL ) {
+				int j;
+				ber_len_t tlen = strlen(dv->type);
+
+				for ( j = 0; dv->vals[ j ].bv_val != NULL; j++ ) {
+					len += STRLENOF("<:=>;") + tlen + 4*((dv->vals[ j ].bv_len - 1)/3 + 1);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		len += dr->derefVal.bv_len + STRLENOF("\n");
+		buf = ldap_memalloc( len + 1 );
+		if ( buf == NULL ) {
+			rc = LDAP_NO_MEMORY;
+			goto done;
+		}
+
+		ptr = buf;
+		ptr = lutil_strcopy( ptr, dr->derefAttr );
+		*ptr++ = ':';
+		*ptr++ = ' ';
+		for ( dv = dr->attrVals; dv != NULL; dv = dv->next ) {
+			if ( dv->vals != NULL ) {
+				int j;
+				for ( j = 0; dv->vals[ j ].bv_val != NULL; j++ ) {
+					int k = ldif_is_not_printable( dv->vals[ j ].bv_val, dv->vals[ j ].bv_len );
+
+					*ptr++ = '<';
+					ptr = lutil_strcopy( ptr, dv->type );
+					if ( k ) {
+						*ptr++ = ':';
+					}
+					*ptr++ = '=';
+					if ( k ) {
+						k = lutil_b64_ntop(
+							(unsigned char *) dv->vals[ j ].bv_val,
+							dv->vals[ j ].bv_len,
+							ptr, buf + len - ptr );
+						assert( k >= 0 );
+						ptr += k;
+						
+					} else {
+						ptr = lutil_memcopy( ptr, dv->vals[ j ].bv_val, dv->vals[ j ].bv_len );
+					}
+					*ptr++ = '>';
+					*ptr++ = ';';
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		ptr = lutil_strncopy( ptr, dr->derefVal.bv_val, dr->derefVal.bv_len );
+		*ptr = '\0';
+		assert( ptr <= buf + len );
+
+		tool_write_ldif( LDIF_PUT_COMMENT, NULL, buf, ptr - buf);
+
+		ldap_memfree( buf );
+	}
+
+	rc = LDAP_SUCCESS;
+
+done:;
+	ldap_derefresponse_free( drhead );
+
+	return rc;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_WHATFAILED
+static int
+print_whatfailed( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl )
+{
+	BerElement *ber;
+	ber_tag_t tag;
+	ber_len_t siz;
+	BerVarray bva = NULL;
+
+	/* Create a BerElement from the berval returned in the control. */
+	ber = ber_init( &ctrl->ldctl_value );
+
+	if ( ber == NULL ) {
+		return LDAP_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+
+	siz = sizeof(struct berval);
+	tag = ber_scanf( ber, "[M]", &bva, &siz, 0 );
+	if ( tag != LBER_ERROR ) {
+		int i;
+
+		tool_write_ldif( LDIF_PUT_COMMENT, " what failed:", NULL, 0 );
+
+		for ( i = 0; bva[i].bv_val != NULL; i++ ) {
+			tool_write_ldif( LDIF_PUT_COMMENT, NULL, bva[i].bv_val, bva[i].bv_len );
+		}
+
+		ldap_memfree( bva );
+	}
+
+        ber_free( ber, 1 );
+
+
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+static int
+print_syncstate( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl )
+{
+	struct berval syncUUID, syncCookie = BER_BVNULL;
+	char buf[LDAP_LUTIL_UUIDSTR_BUFSIZE], *uuidstr = "(UUID malformed)";
+	BerElement *ber;
+	ber_tag_t tag;
+	ber_int_t state;
+	int rc;
+
+	if ( ldif ) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Create a BerElement from the berval returned in the control. */
+	ber = ber_init( &ctrl->ldctl_value );
+
+	if ( ber == NULL ) {
+		return LDAP_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+
+	if ( ber_scanf( ber, "{em", &state, &syncUUID ) == LBER_ERROR ) {
+		ber_free( ber, 1 );
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	tag = ber_get_stringbv( ber, &syncCookie, 0 );
+
+	rc = lutil_uuidstr_from_normalized(
+			syncUUID.bv_val, syncUUID.bv_len,
+			buf, LDAP_LUTIL_UUIDSTR_BUFSIZE );
+
+	if ( rc > 0 && rc < LDAP_LUTIL_UUIDSTR_BUFSIZE ) {
+		uuidstr = buf;
+	}
+
+	switch ( state ) {
+		case LDAP_SYNC_PRESENT:
+			printf(_("# SyncState control, UUID %s present\n"), uuidstr);
+			break;
+		case LDAP_SYNC_ADD:
+			printf(_("# SyncState control, UUID %s added\n"), uuidstr);
+			break;
+		case LDAP_SYNC_MODIFY:
+			printf(_("# SyncState control, UUID %s modified\n"), uuidstr);
+			break;
+		case LDAP_SYNC_DELETE:
+			printf(_("# SyncState control, UUID %s deleted\n"), uuidstr);
+			break;
+		default:
+			ber_free( ber, 1 );
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	if ( tag != LBER_ERROR ) {
+		if ( ldif_is_not_printable( syncCookie.bv_val, syncCookie.bv_len ) ) {
+			struct berval bv;
+
+			bv.bv_len = LUTIL_BASE64_ENCODE_LEN( syncCookie.bv_len ) + 1;
+			bv.bv_val = ber_memalloc( bv.bv_len + 1 );
+
+			bv.bv_len = lutil_b64_ntop(
+					(unsigned char *) syncCookie.bv_val, syncCookie.bv_len,
+					bv.bv_val, bv.bv_len );
+
+			printf(_("# cookie:: %s\n"), bv.bv_val );
+			ber_memfree( bv.bv_val );
+		} else {
+			printf(_("# cookie: %s\n"), syncCookie.bv_val );
+		}
+	}
+
+	ber_free( ber, 1 );
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+print_syncdone( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl )
+{
+	BerElement *ber;
+	struct berval cookie = BER_BVNULL;
+	ber_len_t len;
+	ber_int_t refreshDeletes = 0;
+
+	if ( ldif ) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Create a BerElement from the berval returned in the control. */
+	ber = ber_init( &ctrl->ldctl_value );
+
+	if ( ber == NULL ) {
+		return LDAP_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+
+	ber_skip_tag( ber, &len );
+	if ( ber_peek_tag( ber, &len ) == LDAP_TAG_SYNC_COOKIE ) {
+		ber_scanf( ber, "m", &cookie );
+	}
+	if ( ber_peek_tag( ber, &len ) == LDAP_TAG_REFRESHDELETES ) {
+		ber_scanf( ber, "b", &refreshDeletes );
+	}
+
+	printf(_("# SyncDone control refreshDeletes=%d\n"), refreshDeletes ? 1 : 0 );
+
+	if ( !BER_BVISNULL( &cookie ) ) {
+		if ( ldif_is_not_printable( cookie.bv_val, cookie.bv_len ) ) {
+			struct berval bv;
+
+			bv.bv_len = LUTIL_BASE64_ENCODE_LEN( cookie.bv_len ) + 1;
+			bv.bv_val = ber_memalloc( bv.bv_len + 1 );
+
+			bv.bv_len = lutil_b64_ntop(
+					(unsigned char *) cookie.bv_val, cookie.bv_len,
+					bv.bv_val, bv.bv_len );
+
+			printf(_("# cookie:: %s\n"), bv.bv_val );
+			ber_memfree( bv.bv_val );
+		} else {
+			printf(_("# cookie: %s\n"), cookie.bv_val );
+		}
+	}
+
+	ber_free( ber, 1 );
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_DIRSYNC
+static int
+print_dirsync( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl )
+{
+	int rc, continueFlag;
+	struct berval cookie;
+
+	rc = ldap_parse_dirsync_control( ld, ctrl,
+		&continueFlag, &cookie );
+	if ( rc == LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
+		printf(_("# DirSync control continueFlag=%d\n"), continueFlag );
+		if ( !BER_BVISNULL( &cookie )) {
+			if ( ldif_is_not_printable( cookie.bv_val, cookie.bv_len ) ) {
+				struct berval bv;
+
+				bv.bv_len = LUTIL_BASE64_ENCODE_LEN( cookie.bv_len ) + 1;
+				bv.bv_val = ber_memalloc( bv.bv_len + 1 );
+
+				bv.bv_len = lutil_b64_ntop(
+						(unsigned char *) cookie.bv_val, cookie.bv_len,
+						bv.bv_val, bv.bv_len );
+
+				printf(_("# cookie:: %s\n"), bv.bv_val );
+				ber_memfree( bv.bv_val );
+			} else {
+				printf(_("# cookie: %s\n"), cookie.bv_val );
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return rc;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_AUTHZID_RESPONSE
+static int
+print_authzid( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl )
+{
+	if ( ctrl->ldctl_value.bv_len ) {
+		tool_write_ldif( ldif ? LDIF_PUT_COMMENT : LDIF_PUT_VALUE,
+			ldif ? "authzid: " : "authzid",
+		ctrl->ldctl_value.bv_val, ctrl->ldctl_value.bv_len );
+	} else {
+		tool_write_ldif( ldif ? LDIF_PUT_COMMENT : LDIF_PUT_VALUE,
+			ldif ? "authzid: " : "authzid",
+			"anonymous",  STRLENOF("anonymous") );
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_PASSWORDPOLICYREQUEST
+static int
+print_ppolicy( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl )
+{
+	int expire = 0, grace = 0, rc;
+	LDAPPasswordPolicyError	pperr;
+
+	rc = ldap_parse_passwordpolicy_control( ld, ctrl,
+		&expire, &grace, &pperr );
+	if ( rc == LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
+		char	buf[ BUFSIZ ], *ptr = buf;
+
+		if ( expire != -1 ) {
+			ptr += snprintf( ptr, sizeof( buf ) - ( ptr - buf ),
+				"expire=%d", expire );
+		}
+
+		if ( grace != -1 ) {
+			ptr += snprintf( ptr, sizeof( buf ) - ( ptr - buf ),
+				"%sgrace=%d", ptr == buf ? "" : " ", grace );
+		}
+
+		if ( pperr != PP_noError ) {
+			ptr += snprintf( ptr, sizeof( buf ) - ( ptr - buf ),
+				"%serror=%d (%s)", ptr == buf ? "" : " ",
+				pperr,
+				ldap_passwordpolicy_err2txt( pperr ) );
+		}
+
+		tool_write_ldif( ldif ? LDIF_PUT_COMMENT : LDIF_PUT_VALUE,
+			ldif ? "ppolicy: " : "ppolicy", buf, ptr - buf );
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_PASSWORD_EXPIRED
+static int
+print_netscape_pwexpired( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl )
+{
+	printf(_("# PasswordExpired control\n") );
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+print_netscape_pwexpiring( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl )
+{
+	long expiring = 0;
+	int rc;
+
+	rc = ldap_parse_password_expiring_control( ld, ctrl, &expiring );
+	if ( rc == LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
+		printf(_("# PasswordExpiring control seconds=%ld\n"), expiring );
+	}
+	return rc;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef LDAP_CONTROL_X_ACCOUNT_USABILITY
+static int
+print_account_usability( LDAP *ld, LDAPControl *ctrl )
+{
+	LDAPAccountUsability usability;
+	ber_int_t available = 0;
+	int rc;
+
+	rc = ldap_parse_accountusability_control( ld, ctrl, &available, &usability );
+	if ( rc == LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
+		char	buf[ BUFSIZ ], *ptr = buf;
+
+		ptr += snprintf( ptr, sizeof( buf ) - ( ptr - buf ),
+			   "%savailable", available ? "" : "not " );
+		if ( available ) {
+			if ( usability.seconds_remaining == -1 ) {
+				ptr += snprintf( ptr, sizeof( buf ) - ( ptr - buf ),
+					" and does not expire" );
+			} else {
+				ptr += snprintf( ptr, sizeof( buf ) - ( ptr - buf ),
+					" expire=%d", usability.seconds_remaining );
+			}
+		} else {
+			int added = 0;
+			ptr += snprintf( ptr, sizeof( buf ) - ( ptr - buf ),
+				" (" /* ')' */ );
+
+			if ( usability.more_info.inactive ) {
+				ptr += snprintf( ptr, sizeof( buf ) - ( ptr - buf ),
+					"inactive " );
+				added++;
+			}
+			if ( usability.more_info.reset ) {
+				ptr += snprintf( ptr, sizeof( buf ) - ( ptr - buf ),
+					"reset " );
+				added++;
+			}
+			if ( usability.more_info.expired ) {
+				ptr += snprintf( ptr, sizeof( buf ) - ( ptr - buf ),
+					"expired " );
+				added++;
+			}
+
+			if ( added ) {
+				ptr[-1] = ')';
+				*ptr++ = ' ';
+			} else {
+				*(--ptr) = '\0';
+			}
+
+			if ( usability.more_info.remaining_grace != -1 ) {
+				ptr += snprintf( ptr, sizeof( buf ) - ( ptr - buf ),
+					"grace=%d ", usability.more_info.remaining_grace );
+			}
+
+			if ( usability.more_info.seconds_before_unlock != -1 ) {
+				ptr += snprintf( ptr, sizeof( buf ) - ( ptr - buf ),
+					"seconds_before_unlock=%d ", usability.more_info.seconds_before_unlock );
+			}
+
+			*(--ptr) = '\0';
+		}
+
+		tool_write_ldif( ldif ? LDIF_PUT_COMMENT : LDIF_PUT_VALUE,
+			ldif ? "accountUsability: " : "accountUsability", buf, ptr - buf );
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
+#endif
+
+void tool_print_ctrls(
+	LDAP		*ld,
+	LDAPControl	**ctrls )
+{
+	int	i;
+	char	*ptr;
+
+	for ( i = 0; ctrls[i] != NULL; i++ ) {
+		/* control: OID criticality base64value */
+		struct berval b64 = BER_BVNULL;
+		ber_len_t len;
+		char *str;
+		int j;
+
+		/* FIXME: there might be cases where a control has NULL OID;
+		 * this makes little sense, especially when returned by the
+		 * server, but libldap happily allows it */
+		if ( ctrls[i]->ldctl_oid == NULL ) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		len = ldif ? 2 : 0;
+		len += strlen( ctrls[i]->ldctl_oid );
+
+		/* add enough for space after OID and the critical value itself */
+		len += ctrls[i]->ldctl_iscritical
+			? sizeof("true") : sizeof("false");
+
+		/* convert to base64 */
+		if ( !BER_BVISNULL( &ctrls[i]->ldctl_value ) ) {
+			b64.bv_len = LUTIL_BASE64_ENCODE_LEN(
+				ctrls[i]->ldctl_value.bv_len ) + 1;
+			b64.bv_val = ber_memalloc( b64.bv_len + 1 );
+
+			b64.bv_len = lutil_b64_ntop(
+				(unsigned char *) ctrls[i]->ldctl_value.bv_val,
+				ctrls[i]->ldctl_value.bv_len,
+				b64.bv_val, b64.bv_len );
+		}
+
+		if ( b64.bv_len ) {
+			len += 1 + b64.bv_len;
+		}
+
+		ptr = str = malloc( len + 1 );
+		if ( ldif ) {
+			ptr = lutil_strcopy( ptr, ": " );
+		}
+		ptr = lutil_strcopy( ptr, ctrls[i]->ldctl_oid );
+		ptr = lutil_strcopy( ptr, ctrls[i]->ldctl_iscritical
+			? " true" : " false" );
+
+		if ( b64.bv_len ) {
+			ptr = lutil_strcopy( ptr, " " );
+			ptr = lutil_strcopy( ptr, b64.bv_val );
+		}
+
+		if ( ldif < 2 ) {
+			tool_write_ldif( ldif ? LDIF_PUT_COMMENT : LDIF_PUT_VALUE,
+				"control", str, len );
+		}
+
+		free( str );
+		if ( b64.bv_len ) {
+			ber_memfree( b64.bv_val );
+		}
+
+		/* known controls */
+		for ( j = 0; tool_ctrl_response[j].oid != NULL; j++ ) {
+			if ( strcmp( tool_ctrl_response[j].oid, ctrls[i]->ldctl_oid ) == 0 ) {
+				if ( !(tool_ctrl_response[j].mask & tool_type )) {
+					/* this control should not appear
+					 * with this tool; warning? */
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if ( tool_ctrl_response[j].oid != NULL && tool_ctrl_response[j].func ) {
+			(void)tool_ctrl_response[j].func( ld, ctrls[i] );
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+int
+tool_write_ldif( int type, char *name, char *value, ber_len_t vallen )
+{
+	char	*ldif;
+
+	if (( ldif = ldif_put_wrap( type, name, value, vallen, ldif_wrap )) == NULL ) {
+		return( -1 );
+	}
+
+	fputs( ldif, stdout );
+	ber_memfree( ldif );
+
+	return( 0 );
+}
+
+int
+tool_is_oid( const char *s )
+{
+	int		first = 1;
+
+	if ( !isdigit( (unsigned char) s[ 0 ] ) ) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	for ( ; s[ 0 ]; s++ ) {
+		if ( s[ 0 ] == '.' ) {
+			if ( s[ 1 ] == '\0' ) {
+				return 0;
+			}
+			first = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if ( !isdigit( (unsigned char) s[ 0 ] ) ) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		if ( first == 1 && s[ 0 ] == '0' && s[ 1 ] != '.' ) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		first = 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}