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+<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html> <head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
+<title> Postfix manual - aliases(5) </title>
+</head> <body> <pre>
+ALIASES(5) ALIASES(5)
+
+<b>NAME</b>
+ aliases - Postfix local alias database format
+
+<b>SYNOPSIS</b>
+ <b>newaliases</b>
+
+<b>DESCRIPTION</b>
+ The <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a> table provides a system-wide mechanism to redirect mail
+ for local recipients. The redirections are processed by the Postfix
+ <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery agent.
+
+ Normally, the <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a> table is specified as a text file that serves
+ as input to the <a href="postalias.1.html"><b>postalias</b>(1)</a> command. The result, an indexed file in
+ <b>dbm</b> or <b>db</b> format, is used for fast lookup by the mail system. Execute
+ the command <b>newaliases</b> in order to rebuild the indexed file after
+ changing the Postfix alias database.
+
+ When the table is provided via other means such as NIS, LDAP or SQL,
+ the same lookups are done as for ordinary indexed files.
+
+ Alternatively, the table can be provided as a regular-expression map
+ where patterns are given as regular expressions. In this case, the
+ lookups are done in a slightly different way as described below under
+ "REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES".
+
+ Users can control delivery of their own mail by setting up <b>.forward</b>
+ files in their home directory. Lines in per-user <b>.forward</b> files have
+ the same syntax as the right-hand side of <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a> entries.
+
+ The format of the alias database input file is as follows:
+
+ <b>o</b> An alias definition has the form
+
+ <i>name</i>: <i>value1</i>, <i>value2</i>, <i>...</i>
+
+ <b>o</b> Empty lines and whitespace-only lines are ignored, as are lines
+ whose first non-whitespace character is a `#'.
+
+ <b>o</b> A logical line starts with non-whitespace text. A line that
+ starts with whitespace continues a logical line.
+
+ The <i>name</i> is a local address (no domain part). Use double quotes when
+ the name contains any special characters such as whitespace, `#', `:',
+ or `@'. The <i>name</i> is folded to lowercase, in order to make database
+ lookups case insensitive.
+
+ In addition, when an alias exists for <b>owner-</b><i>name</i>, this will override
+ the envelope sender address, so that delivery diagnostics are directed
+ to <b>owner-</b><i>name</i>, instead of the originator of the message (for details,
+ see <b><a href="postconf.5.html#owner_request_special">owner_request_special</a></b>, <b><a href="postconf.5.html#expand_owner_alias">expand_owner_alias</a></b> and <b><a href="postconf.5.html#reset_owner_alias">reset_owner_alias</a></b>).
+ This is typically used to direct delivery errors to the maintainer of a
+ mailing list, who is in a better position to deal with mailing list
+ delivery problems than the originator of the undelivered mail.
+
+ The <i>value</i> contains one or more of the following:
+
+ <i>address</i>
+ Mail is forwarded to <i>address</i>, which is compatible with the <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822">RFC</a>
+ <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822">822</a> standard.
+
+ <i>/file/name</i>
+ Mail is appended to <i>/file/name</i>. See <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> for details of
+ delivery to file. Delivery is not limited to regular files.
+ For example, to dispose of unwanted mail, deflect it to
+ <b>/dev/null</b>.
+
+ |<i>command</i>
+ Mail is piped into <i>command</i>. Commands that contain special char-
+ acters, such as whitespace, should be enclosed between double
+ quotes. See <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> for details of delivery to command.
+
+ When the command fails, a limited amount of command output is
+ mailed back to the sender. The file <b>/usr/include/sysexits.h</b>
+ defines the expected exit status codes. For example, use <b>"|exit</b>
+ <b>67"</b> to simulate a "user unknown" error, and <b>"|exit 0"</b> to imple-
+ ment an expensive black hole.
+
+ <b>:include:</b><i>/file/name</i>
+ Mail is sent to the destinations listed in the named file.
+ Lines in <b>:include:</b> files have the same syntax as the right-hand
+ side of alias entries.
+
+ A destination can be any destination that is described in this
+ manual page. However, delivery to "|<i>command</i>" and <i>/file/name</i> is
+ disallowed by default. To enable, edit the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#allow_mail_to_commands">allow_mail_to_com</a>-</b>
+ <b><a href="postconf.5.html#allow_mail_to_commands">mands</a></b> and <b><a href="postconf.5.html#allow_mail_to_files">allow_mail_to_files</a></b> configuration parameters.
+
+<b>ADDRESS EXTENSION</b>
+ When alias database search fails, and the recipient localpart contains
+ the optional recipient delimiter (e.g., <i>user+foo</i>), the search is
+ repeated for the unextended address (e.g., <i>user</i>).
+
+ The <b><a href="postconf.5.html#propagate_unmatched_extensions">propagate_unmatched_extensions</a></b> parameter controls whether an
+ unmatched address extension (<i>+foo</i>) is propagated to the result of table
+ lookup.
+
+<b>CASE FOLDING</b>
+ The <a href="local.8.html">local(8)</a> delivery agent always folds the search string to lowercase
+ before database lookup.
+
+<b>REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES</b>
+ This section describes how the table lookups change when the table is
+ given in the form of regular expressions. For a description of regular
+ expression lookup table syntax, see <a href="regexp_table.5.html"><b>regexp_table</b>(5)</a> or <a href="pcre_table.5.html"><b>pcre_table</b>(5)</a>.
+ NOTE: these formats do not use ":" at the end of a pattern.
+
+ Each regular expression is applied to the entire search string. Thus, a
+ search string <i>user+foo</i> is not broken up into <i>user</i> and <i>foo</i>.
+
+ Regular expressions are applied in the order as specified in the table,
+ until a regular expression is found that matches the search string.
+
+ Lookup results are the same as with indexed file lookups. For security
+ reasons there is no support for <b>$1</b>, <b>$2</b> etc. substring interpolation.
+
+<b>SECURITY</b>
+ The <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery agent disallows regular expression substitution
+ of $1 etc. in <b><a href="postconf.5.html#alias_maps">alias_maps</a></b>, because that would open a security hole.
+
+ The <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery agent will silently ignore requests to use the
+ <a href="proxymap.8.html"><b>proxymap</b>(8)</a> server within <b><a href="postconf.5.html#alias_maps">alias_maps</a></b>. Instead it will open the table
+ directly. Before Postfix version 2.2, the <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery agent will
+ terminate with a fatal error.
+
+<b>CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</b>
+ The following <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> parameters are especially relevant. The text
+ below provides only a parameter summary. See <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>postconf</b>(5)</a> for more
+ details including examples.
+
+ <b><a href="postconf.5.html#alias_database">alias_database</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
+ The alias databases for <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery that are updated with
+ "<b>newaliases</b>" or with "<b>sendmail -bi</b>".
+
+ <b><a href="postconf.5.html#alias_maps">alias_maps</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
+ The alias databases that are used for <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery.
+
+ <b><a href="postconf.5.html#allow_mail_to_commands">allow_mail_to_commands</a> (alias, forward)</b>
+ Restrict <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> mail delivery to external commands.
+
+ <b><a href="postconf.5.html#allow_mail_to_files">allow_mail_to_files</a> (alias, forward)</b>
+ Restrict <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> mail delivery to external files.
+
+ <b><a href="postconf.5.html#expand_owner_alias">expand_owner_alias</a> (no)</b>
+ When delivering to an alias "<i>aliasname</i>" that has an
+ "owner-<i>aliasname</i>" companion alias, set the envelope sender
+ address to the expansion of the "owner-<i>aliasname</i>" alias.
+
+ <b><a href="postconf.5.html#propagate_unmatched_extensions">propagate_unmatched_extensions</a> (canonical, virtual)</b>
+ What address lookup tables copy an address extension from the
+ lookup key to the lookup result.
+
+ <b><a href="postconf.5.html#owner_request_special">owner_request_special</a> (yes)</b>
+ Enable special treatment for owner-<i>listname</i> entries in the
+ <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a> file, and don't split owner-<i>listname</i> and <i>list-</i>
+ <i>name</i>-request address localparts when the <a href="postconf.5.html#recipient_delimiter">recipient_delimiter</a> is
+ set to "-".
+
+ <b><a href="postconf.5.html#recipient_delimiter">recipient_delimiter</a> (empty)</b>
+ The set of characters that can separate an email address local-
+ part, user name, or a .forward file name from its extension.
+
+ Available in Postfix version 2.3 and later:
+
+ <b><a href="postconf.5.html#frozen_delivered_to">frozen_delivered_to</a> (yes)</b>
+ Update the <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery agent's idea of the Delivered-To:
+ address (see <a href="postconf.5.html#prepend_delivered_header">prepend_delivered_header</a>) only once, at the start
+ of a delivery attempt; do not update the Delivered-To: address
+ while expanding aliases or .forward files.
+
+<b>STANDARDS</b>
+ <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822">RFC 822</a> (ARPA Internet Text Messages)
+
+<b>SEE ALSO</b>
+ <a href="local.8.html">local(8)</a>, local delivery agent
+ <a href="newaliases.1.html">newaliases(1)</a>, create/update alias database
+ <a href="postalias.1.html">postalias(1)</a>, create/update alias database
+ <a href="postconf.5.html">postconf(5)</a>, configuration parameters
+
+<b>README FILES</b>
+ <a href="DATABASE_README.html">DATABASE_README</a>, Postfix lookup table overview
+
+<b>LICENSE</b>
+ The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.
+
+<b>AUTHOR(S)</b>
+ Wietse Venema
+ IBM T.J. Watson Research
+ P.O. Box 704
+ Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
+
+ Wietse Venema
+ Google, Inc.
+ 111 8th Avenue
+ New York, NY 10011, USA
+
+ ALIASES(5)
+</pre> </body> </html>