Adding upstream version 1:4.13+dfsg1.upstream/1%4.13+dfsg1upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

23 files changed, 3879 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/man/fr/man8/chgpasswd.8 b/man/fr/man8/chgpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5fd05f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/chgpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chgpasswd
+.\"    Author: Thomas K\(/loczko <kloczek@pld.org.pl>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "CHGPASSWD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+chgpasswd \- Mettre \(`a jour par lot des mots de passe des groupes
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBchgpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBchgpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchgpasswd\fR
+command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups\&. Each line is of the format:
+.PP
+\fIgroup_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
+.PP
+By default the supplied password must be in clear\-text, and is encrypted by
+\fBchgpasswd\fR\&.
+.PP
+The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+variable of
+/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the
+\fB\-e\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-c\fR
+options\&.
+.PP
+Cette commande est destin\('ee aux gros syst\(`emes pour lesquels un nombre importants de comptes sont cr\('e\('es en une seule fois\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchgpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
+.RS 4
+Utiliser la m\('ethode pr\('ecis\('ee pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&.
+.sp
+Les m\('ethodes disponibles sont DES, MD5, NONE et SHA256 ou SHA512 si votre libc prend en charge ces m\('ethodes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
+.RS 4
+Indiquer que les mots de passe fournis sont chiffr\('es\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
+.RS 4
+Permettre d\*(Aqutiliser le chiffrement MD5, plut\(^ot que DES, lorsque les mots de passe fournis ne sont pas chiffr\('es\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
+.RS 4
+Utiliser le nombre de rounds pr\('ecis\('e pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&.
+.sp
+La valeur 0 signifie que le syst\(`eme choisira la valeur par d\('efaut du nombre de rounds pour la m\('ethode de chiffrement (5\ \&000)\&.
+.sp
+Une valeur minimale de 1\ \&000 et une valeur maximale de 999\ \&999\ \&999 seront impos\('ees\&.
+.sp
+Vous ne pouvez utiliser cette m\('ethode qu\*(Aqavec les m\('ethodes de chiffrement SHA256 ou SHA512\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+Pensez \(`a configurer les permissions ou umask afin d\*(Aqemp\(^echer la lecture des fichiers non chiffr\('es par les d\*(Aqautres utilisateurs\&.
+.PP
+Vous devez vous assurer que les mots de passe et la m\('ethode de chiffrement respectent la politique de mot de passe du syst\(`eme\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/chpasswd.8 b/man/fr/man8/chpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b31a73b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/chpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chpasswd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "CHPASSWD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+chpasswd \- Mettre \(`a jour des mots de passe par lot
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBchpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBchpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users\&. Each line is of the format:
+.PP
+\fIuser_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
+.PP
+By default the passwords must be supplied in clear\-text, and are encrypted by
+\fBchpasswd\fR\&. Also the password age will be updated, if present\&.
+.PP
+The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+or
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variables of
+/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the
+\fB\-e\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-c\fR
+options\&.
+.PP
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user\&.
+.PP
+Cette commande est destin\('ee aux gros syst\(`emes pour lesquels un nombre importants de comptes sont cr\('e\('es en une seule fois\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR\ \&\fIMETHOD\fR
+.RS 4
+Utiliser la m\('ethode pr\('ecis\('ee pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&.
+.sp
+Les m\('ethodes disponibles sont DES, MD5, NONE et SHA256 ou SHA512 si votre libc prend en charge ces m\('ethodes\&.
+.sp
+By default (if none of the
+\fB\-c\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-e\fR
+options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+or
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variables of
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
+.RS 4
+Indiquer que les mots de passe fournis sont chiffr\('es\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
+.RS 4
+Permettre d\*(Aqutiliser le chiffrement MD5, plut\(^ot que DES, lorsque les mots de passe fournis ne sont pas chiffr\('es\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR\ \&\fIROUNDS\fR
+.RS 4
+Utiliser le nombre de rounds pr\('ecis\('e pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&.
+.sp
+La valeur 0 signifie que le syst\(`eme choisira la valeur par d\('efaut du nombre de rounds pour la m\('ethode de chiffrement (5\ \&000)\&.
+.sp
+Une valeur minimale de 1\ \&000 et une valeur maximale de 999\ \&999\ \&999 seront impos\('ees\&.
+.sp
+Vous ne pouvez utiliser cette m\('ethode qu\*(Aqavec les m\('ethodes de chiffrement SHA256 ou SHA512\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+and
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
+variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+Pensez \(`a configurer les permissions ou umask afin d\*(Aqemp\(^echer la lecture des fichiers non chiffr\('es par les d\*(Aqautres utilisateurs\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/faillog.8 b/man/fr/man8/faillog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a558b3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/faillog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "FAILLOG" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+faillog \- Examiner le fichier faillog, et configurer les limites d\*(Aq\('echecs de connexion
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBfaillog\fR\ 'u
+\fBfaillog\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the contents of the failure log database (/var/log/faillog)\&. It can also set the failure counters and limits\&. When
+\fBfaillog\fR
+is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBfaillog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the
+faillog
+database\&.
+.sp
+The range of users can be restricted with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&.
+.sp
+En mode affichage, toujours limit\('ee aux utilisateurs existants, mais l\*(Aqaffichage des entr\('ees d\*(Aqerreur de connexion est impos\('e m\(^eme si elles sont vides\&.
+.sp
+With the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR,
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fB\-t\fR
+options, the users\*(Aq records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system\&. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-secs\fR\ \&\fISEC\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock account for
+\fISEC\fR
+seconds after failed login\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR\ \&\fIMAX\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to
+\fIMAX\fR\&.
+.sp
+Selecting a
+\fIMAX\fR
+value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins\&.
+.sp
+The maximum failure count should always be 0 for
+\fIroot\fR
+to prevent a denial of services attack against the system\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR
+.RS 4
+Remettre \(`a z\('ero le compteur d\*(Aq\('echecs de connexion\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR
+or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options) only for the specified user(s)\&.
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+When none of the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options are used,
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)\&.
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure\&. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+flag, or print out all users with the
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag\&.
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+Journal des \('echecs de connexion\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBfaillog\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/fr/man8/groupadd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1d0816
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/groupadd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupadd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPADD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+groupadd \- Cr\('eer un nouveau groupe
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupadd\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupadd\fR [\fIOPTIONS\fR] \fINEWGROUP\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the groupname\&. Fully numeric groupnames and groupnames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists\&. When used with
+\fB\-g\fR, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i\&.e\&.
+\fB\-g\fR
+is turned off)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The numerical value of the group\*(Aqs ID\&.
+\fIGID\fR
+must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
+\fBGID_MIN\fR
+and greater than every other group\&.
+.sp
+See also the
+\fB\-r\fR
+option and the
+\fBGID_MAX\fR
+description\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR
+.RS 4
+Overrides
+/etc/login\&.defs
+defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others)\&. Multiple
+\fB\-K\fR
+options can be specified\&.
+.sp
+Example:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \&
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.sp
+Note:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+doesn\*(Aqt work yet\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID\&. As a result, for this
+\fIGID\fR, the mapping towards group
+\fINEWGROUP\fR
+may not be unique\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines an initial password for the group account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths system account file
+/etc/group
+or
+/etc/gshadow\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Il est n\('ecessaire de v\('erifier si le mot de passe respecte la politique de mots de passe du syst\(`eme\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Cr\('eer un groupe syst\(`eme\&.
+.sp
+The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBGID_MIN\fR\-\fBGID_MAX\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+Vous ne pouvez pas ajouter d\*(Aqutilisateur \(`a un groupe NIS ou LDAP\&. Cela doit \(^etre effectu\('e sur le serveur correspondant\&.
+.PP
+If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP,
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+will deny the group creation request\&.
+.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+GID is already used (when called without
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+group name is already used
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/fr/man8/groupdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40cb607
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/groupdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPDEL" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+groupdel \- Supprimer un groupe
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupdel\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fIGROUPE\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to
+\fIGROUP\fR\&. The named group must exist\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the group, even if there\*(Aqs some user having the group as the primary one\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+Vous ne pouvez pas supprimer le groupe primaire d\*(Aqun utilisateur existant\&. Vous devez supprimer l\*(Aqutilisateur auparavant\&.
+.PP
+Vous devriez v\('erifier vous\-m\(^eme qu\*(Aqaucun fichier poss\('ed\('e par le groupe ne subsiste sur tous les syst\(`emes de fichiers\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove user\*(Aqs primary group
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/fr/man8/groupmems.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b02ff16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/groupmems.8
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmems
+.\"    Author: George Kraft, IV
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPMEMS" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+groupmems \- Administrer les membres du groupe primaire d\*(Aqun utilisateur
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmems\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIuser_name\fR | \-d\ \fIuser_name\fR | [\-g\ \fIgroup_name\fR] | \-l | \-p 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command allows a user to administer their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges\&. The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i\&.e\&., guest / guest)\&.
+.PP
+Only the superuser, as administrator, can use
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+to alter the memberships of other groups\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Ajouter un utilisateur \(`a la liste des membres du groupe\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Supprimer un utilisateur de la liste des membres du groupe\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, the user will be removed from the list of members and administrators of the group\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR\ \&\fIgroup_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Le superutilisateur peut pr\('eciser la liste des membres du groupe \(`a modifier\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher la liste des membres du groupe\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-purge\fR
+.RS 4
+Supprimer tous les utilisateurs de la liste des membres du groupe\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+executable should be in mode
+2710
+as user
+\fIroot\fR
+and in group
+\fIgroups\fR\&. The system administrator can add users to group
+\fIgroups\fR
+to allow or disallow them using the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility to manage their own group membership list\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+	$ groupadd \-r groups
+	$ chmod 2710 groupmems
+	$ chown root\&.groups groupmems
+	$ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+informations cach\('ees sur les groupes
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/fr/man8/groupmod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..763b777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/groupmod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPMOD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+groupmod \- Modifier la d\('efinition d\*(Aqun groupe du syst\(`eme
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmod\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmod\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fIGROUPE\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command modifies the definition of the specified
+\fIGROUP\fR
+by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+If group members are specified with \-U, append them to the existing member list, rather than replacing it\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The group ID of the given
+\fIGROUP\fR
+will be changed to
+\fIGID\fR\&.
+.sp
+The value of
+\fIGID\fR
+must be a non\-negative decimal integer\&. This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&.
+.sp
+Les utilisateurs qui utilisent ce groupe comme groupe primaire seront mis \(`a jour pour garder le groupe comme groupe primaire\&.
+.sp
+Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to
+\fIGROUP\fR, must have their group ID changed manually\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to the
+\fBGID_MIN\fR,
+\fBGID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR, or
+\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-new\-name\fR\ \&\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the group will be changed from
+\fIGROUP\fR
+to
+\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+When used with the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option, allow to change the group
+\fIGID\fR
+to a non\-unique value\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+The encrypted password, as returned by
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Il est n\('ecessaire de v\('erifier si le mot de passe respecte la politique de mots de passe du syst\(`eme\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+E_SUCCESS: success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+E_USAGE: invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GRP_UPDATE: can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI11\fR
+.RS 4
+E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can\*(Aqt setup cleanup service
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_USERNAME: can\*(Aqt determine your username for use with pam
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI13\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/grpck.8 b/man/fr/man8/grpck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bc46ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/grpck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: grpck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "GRPCK" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+grpck \- V\('erifier l\*(Aqint\('egrit\('e des fichiers d\*(Aqadministration des groupes
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBgrpck\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpck\fR [options] [\fIgroupe\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command verifies the integrity of the groups information\&. It checks that all entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
+.PP
+Voici les v\('erifications effectu\('ees\ \&:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+nombre correct de champs\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+unicit\('e et validit\('e des noms de groupe\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid group identifier
+(/etc/group only)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid list of members
+and administrators
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a corresponding entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file (respectively
+/etc/group
+for the
+gshadow
+checks)
+.RE
+.PP
+The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal\&. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command to correct the error\&.
+.PP
+The commands which operate on the
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow files
+are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
+\fBgrpck\fR
+should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR
+and
+\fB\-s\fR
+options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Execute the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command in read\-only mode\&. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered
+\fIno\fR
+without user intervention\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Sort entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+by GID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-silence\-warnings\fR
+.RS 4
+Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about inconsistency between group members listed in
+/etc/group
+and
+/etc/ghadow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+By default,
+\fBgrpck\fR
+operates on
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
+\fIgroup\fR
+and \fIshadow\fR parameters\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+one or more bad group entries
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt open group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt lock group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group files
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/grpconv.8 b/man/fr/man8/grpconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/grpconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/grpunconv.8 b/man/fr/man8/grpunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/grpunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/fr/man8/lastlog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3059d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/lastlog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: lastlog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "LASTLOG" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+lastlog \- signaler les connexions les plus r\('ecentes de tous les utilisateurs ou d\*(Aqun utilisateur donn\('e
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBlastlog\fR\ 'u
+\fBlastlog\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+\fBlastlog\fR
+formats and prints the contents of the last login log
+/var/log/lastlog
+file\&. The
+\fIlogin\-name\fR,
+\fIport\fR, and
+\fIlast login time\fR
+will be printed\&. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in
+/etc/passwd\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBlastlog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-before\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print only lastlog records older than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-clear\fR
+.RS 4
+Clear lastlog record of a user\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-set\fR
+.RS 4
+Set lastlog record of a user to the current time\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print the lastlog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+N\*(Aqafficher que les entr\('ees correspondant aux utilisateurs indiqu\('es\&.
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If the user has never logged in the message
+\fI** Never logged in**\fR
+will be displayed instead of the port and time\&.
+.PP
+Seules les entr\('ees pour les utilisateurs actuels du syst\(`eme seront affich\('ees\&. D\*(Aqautres entr\('ees peuvent exister pour les utilisateurs supprim\('es pr\('ec\('edemment\&.
+.SH "NOTE"
+.PP
+The
+lastlog
+file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user\&. You should not rotate it\&. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by "\fBls \-l\fR" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in
+passwd
+users with a high UID)\&. You can display its real size with "\fBls \-s\fR"\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/var/log/lastlog
+.RS 4
+Base de donn\('ees de l\*(Aqheure des connexions pr\('ec\('edentes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+S\*(Aqil y a des trous importants dans les valeurs des UID,
+\fBlastlog\fR
+s\*(Aqex\('ecutera plus lentement, sans affichage \(`a l\*(Aq\('ecran (par exemple, s\*(Aqil n\*(Aqy a pas d\*(Aqentr\('ee pour les utilisateurs ayant un UID compris entre 170 et 800 dans base de donn\('ees lastlog, le programme lastlog semblera bloqu\('e comme s\*(Aqil traitait les entr\('ees correspondant aux UID 171 \(`a 799)\&.
+.PP
+Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the
+<term> /var/log/lastlog</term>
+with external tools\&. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by default and may require a specific option to handle them\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/fr/man8/logoutd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89caea3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/logoutd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: logoutd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "LOGOUTD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+logoutd \- Imposer les restrictions de connexion dans le temps
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in
+/etc/porttime\&.
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+should be started from
+/etc/rc\&. The
+/var/run/utmp
+file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time\&. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in
+/etc/porttime
+is terminated\&.
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+Fichier contenant le port d\*(Aqacc\(`es\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+Liste des sessions de connexion en cours\&.
+.RE
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/newusers.8 b/man/fr/man8/newusers.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e71f59c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/newusers.8
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newusers
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "NEWUSERS" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+newusers \- Mettre \(`a jour, ou cr\('eer de nouveaux utilisateurs par lots
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBnewusers\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewusers\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fIfichier\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewusers\fR
+command reads a
+\fIfile\fR
+(or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users\&. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)) with the exceptions explained below:
+.PP
+pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell
+.PP
+\fIpw_name\fR
+.RS 4
+C\*(Aqest le nom de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.sp
+It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR)\&. In case of an existing user, the user\*(Aqs information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce champ sera chiffr\('e et utilis\('e comme nouvelle valeur du mot de passe chiffr\('e\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_uid\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce champ est utilis\('e pour d\('efinir l\*(AqUID de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.sp
+If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+Si ce champ contient un nombre, ce nombre sera utilis\('e comme UID\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), the UID of the specified user will be used\&.
+.sp
+Si l\*(AqUID d\*(Aqun utilisateur existant est modifi\('e, vous devrez configurer vous\-m\(^eme le propri\('etaire des fichiers de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_gid\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce champ est utilis\('e pour d\('efinir l\*(Aqidentifiant du groupe primaire de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user\&.
+.sp
+Si ce champ est un nombre, ce nombre sera utilis\('e comme identifiant de groupe primaire de cet utilisateur\&. Si aucun groupe n\*(Aqexiste avec ce GID, un nouveau groupe sera cr\('e\('e avec ce GID et le nom de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.sp
+If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by
+\fBnewusers\fR
+to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by
+\fBnewusers\fR
+to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_gecos\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce champ est copi\('e dans le champ GECOS de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_dir\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce champ est utilis\('e pour d\('efinir le r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.sp
+If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group\&. Note that
+\fInewusers does not create parent directories \fR
+of the new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr informing the user of the failure\&. The newusers command will not halt or return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified\&.
+.sp
+If the home directory of an existing user is changed,
+\fBnewusers\fR
+does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location\&. This should be done manually\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_shell\fR
+.RS 4
+Ce champ d\('efinit l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commande de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&. Aucune v\('erification n\*(Aqest effectu\('ee sur ce champ\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBnewusers\fR
+first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases\&. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases\&.
+.PP
+Cette commande a \('et\('e con\(,cue pour les gros syst\(`emes pour lesquels un grand nombre de comptes sont mis \(`a jour en m\(^eme temps\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBnewusers\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
+.RS 4
+Utiliser la m\('ethode pr\('ecis\('ee pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&.
+.sp
+Les m\('ethodes disponibles sont DES, MD5, NONE et SHA256 ou SHA512 si votre libc prend en charge ces m\('ethodes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Cr\('eer un compte syst\(`eme\&.
+.sp
+System users will be created with no aging information in
+/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
+(and their
+\fBGID\fR
+counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
+.RS 4
+Utiliser le nombre de rounds pr\('ecis\('e pour chiffrer les mots de passe\&.
+.sp
+La valeur 0 signifie que le syst\(`eme choisira la valeur par d\('efaut du nombre de rounds pour la m\('ethode de chiffrement (5\ \&000)\&.
+.sp
+Une valeur minimale de 1\ \&000 et une valeur maximale de 999\ \&999\ \&999 seront impos\('ees\&.
+.sp
+Vous ne pouvez utiliser cette m\('ethode qu\*(Aqavec les m\('ethodes de chiffrement SHA256 ou SHA512\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+Le fichier d\*(Aqentr\('ee doit \(^etre correctement prot\('eg\('e puisqu\*(Aqil contient des mots de passe en clair\&.
+.PP
+Vous devez vous assurer que les mots de passe et la m\('ethode de chiffrement respectent la politique de mot de passe du syst\(`eme\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+
+
+
+
+
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+IDs des groupes subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+IDs de utilisateurs subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/nologin.8 b/man/fr/man8/nologin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4dbf3c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/nologin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: nologin
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "NOLOGIN" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+nologin \- refuser poliment une connexion
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBnologin\fR\ 'u
+\fBnologin\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non\-zero\&. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled\&.
+.PP
+To disable all logins, investigate
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBSSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND\fR
+is populated it will be logged\&.
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.SH "HISTORIQUE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command appeared in BSD 4\&.4\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/pwck.8 b/man/fr/man8/pwck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64c3473
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/pwck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: pwck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "PWCK" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+pwck \- verify the integrity of password files
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBpwck\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwck\fR [options] [\fIPASSWORDFILE\fR\ [\ \fISHADOWFILE\fR\ ]]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwck\fR
+command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information\&. It checks that all entries in
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow
+have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
+.PP
+Voici les v\('erifications effectu\('ees\ \&:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+nombre correct de champs\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+unicit\('e et validit\('e des noms d\*(Aqutilisateur\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+validit\('e des identifiants d\*(Aqutilisateur et de groupe\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+validit\('e du groupe primaire\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+validit\('e du r\('epertoire personnel\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+validit\('e de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial (\(Fo\ \&login shell\ \&\(Fc)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file parameter
+\fISHADOWFILE\fR
+is specified or when
+/etc/shadow
+exists on the system\&.
+.PP
+Ces v\('erifications sont les suivantes\ \&:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+chaque entr\('ee de passwd a une entr\('ee correspondante dans shadow, et chaque entr\('ee shadow a une entr\('ee passwd correspondante\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+les mots de passe sont indiqu\('es dans le fichier des mot de passe cach\('es\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+les entr\('ees de shadow ont le bon nombre de champs\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+les entr\('ees de shadow sont uniques dans shadow\ \&;
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+la date du dernier changement de mot de passe n\*(Aqest pas dans le futur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal\&. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
+\fBusermod\fR
+command to correct the error\&.
+.PP
+The commands which operate on the
+/etc/passwd
+file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
+\fBpwck\fR
+should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR
+and
+\fB\-s\fR
+options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpwck\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Ne signaler que les erreurs\&. Les avertissements qui ne n\('ecessitent pas une action de la part de l\*(Aqutilisateur ne seront pas affich\('es\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Execute the
+\fBpwck\fR
+command in read\-only mode\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Sort entries in
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow
+by UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+By default,
+\fBpwck\fR
+operates on the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and
+\fIshadow\fR
+parameters\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwck\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+one or more bad password entries
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt open password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt lock password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt sort password files
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/pwconv.8 b/man/fr/man8/pwconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f3760c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/pwconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: pwconv
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "PWCONV" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- Convertir vers ou depuis les fichiers de mots de passe ou de groupe cach\('es
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBpwconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBpwunconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwunconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBgrpconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBgrpunconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpunconv\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIshadow\fR
+from
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and an optionally existing
+\fIshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwunconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIpasswd\fR
+from
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and
+\fIshadow\fR
+and then removes
+\fIshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIgshadow\fR
+from
+\fIgroup\fR
+and an optionally existing
+\fIgshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIgroup\fR
+from
+\fIgroup\fR
+and
+\fIgshadow\fR
+and then removes
+\fIgshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files:
+/etc/passwd,
+/etc/group,
+/etc/shadow, and
+/etc/gshadow\&.
+.PP
+Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion\&.
+\fBpwconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+are similar\&. First, entries in the shadowed file which don\*(Aqt exist in the main file are removed\&. Then, shadowed entries which don\*(Aqt have `x\*(Aq as the password in the main file are updated\&. Any missing shadowed entries are added\&. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x\*(Aq\&. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand\&.
+.PP
+\fBpwconv\fR
+will use the values of
+\fIPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR,
+\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, and
+\fIPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs
+when adding new entries to
+/etc/shadow\&.
+.PP
+Likewise
+\fBpwunconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+are similar\&. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file\&. Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone\&. Finally, the shadowed file is removed\&. Some password aging information is lost by
+\fBpwunconv\fR\&. It will convert what it can\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpwconv\fR,
+\fBpwunconv\fR,
+\fBgrpconv\fR, and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+commands are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "BOGUES"
+.PP
+Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways\&. Please run
+\fBpwck\fR
+and
+\fBgrpck\fR
+to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+changes the behavior of
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR:
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of
+\fBpwconv\fR:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/pwunconv.8 b/man/fr/man8/pwunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/pwunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/sulogin.8 b/man/fr/man8/sulogin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b66fc3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/sulogin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sulogin
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "SULOGIN" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+sulogin \- Single\-user login
+.SH "SYNTAX"
+.PP
+\fBsulogin\fR
+[\fItty\-device\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsulogin\fR
+command is invoked by
+\fBinit\fR
+prior to allowing the user access to the system when in single user mode\&. This feature may only be available on certain systems where
+\fBinit\fR
+has been modified accordingly, or where the
+/etc/inittab
+has an entry for a single user login\&.
+.PP
+The user is prompted
+.PP
+Type control\-d to proceed with normal startup,
+(or give root password for system maintenance):
+.PP
+Input and output will be performed with the standard file descriptors unless the optional device name argument is provided\&.
+.PP
+If the user enters the correct root password, a login session is initiated\&. When
+\fIEOF\fR
+is pressed instead, the system enters multi\-user mode\&.
+.PP
+After the user exits the single\-user shell, or presses
+\fIEOF\fR, the system begins the initialization process required to enter multi\-user mode\&.
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+This command can only be used if
+\fBinit\fR
+has been modified to call
+\fBsulogin\fR
+instead of
+/bin/sh, or if the user has set the
+\fIinittab\fR
+to support a single user login\&. For example, the line:
+.PP
+co:s:respawn:/etc/sulogin /dev/console
+.PP
+should execute the sulogin command in single user mode\&.
+.PP
+As complete an environment as possible is created\&. However, various devices may be unmounted or uninitialized and many of the user commands may be unavailable or nonfunctional as a result\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1),
+\fBinit\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/useradd.8 b/man/fr/man8/useradd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c131ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/useradd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: useradd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "USERADD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+useradd \- cr\('eer un nouvel utilisateur ou modifier les informations par d\('efaut appliqu\('ees aux nouveaux utilisateurs
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR \-D
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR \-D [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+When invoked without the
+\fB\-D\fR
+option, the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. Depending on command line options, the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command will update system files and may also create the new user\*(Aqs home directory and copy initial files\&.
+.PP
+By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR,
+\fB\-U\fR, and
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR)\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The default base directory for the system if
+\fB\-d\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+is not specified\&.
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the base directory specified by the
+\fBHOME\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or
+/home
+by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
+.RS 4
+Any text string\&. It is generally a short description of the account, and is currently used as the field for the user\*(Aqs full name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\-dir\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The new user will be created using
+\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+as the value for the user\*(Aqs login directory\&. The default is to append the
+\fILOGIN\fR
+name to
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+and use that as the login directory name\&. If the directory
+\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+does not exist, then it will be created unless the
+\fB\-M\fR
+option is specified\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-defaults\fR
+.RS 4
+Consultez ci\-dessous la sous\-section \(Fo\ \&Modifier les valeurs par d\('efaut\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
+\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&.
+.sp
+If not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the default expiry date specified by the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. The value is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&.
+.sp
+If not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the default inactivity period specified by the
+\fBINACTIVE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or \-1 by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subids\-for\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Update
+/etc/subuid
+and
+/etc/subgid
+even when creating a system account with
+\fB\-r\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name or the number of the user\*(Aqs primary group\&. The group name must exist\&. A group number must refer to an already existing group\&.
+.sp
+If not specified, the behavior of
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will depend on the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&. If this variable is set to
+\fIyes\fR
+(or
+\fB\-U/\-\-user\-group\fR
+is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname\&. If the variable is set to
+\fIno\fR
+(or
+\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
+is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or 1000 by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
+.RS 4
+A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option\&. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-skel\fR\ \&\fISKEL_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user\*(Aqs home directory, when the home directory is created by
+\fBuseradd\fR\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid if the
+\fB\-m\fR
+(or
+\fB\-\-create\-home\fR) option is specified\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the
+\fBSKEL\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd
+or, by default,
+/etc/skel\&.
+.sp
+Si possible, les ACL et les attributs \('etendus seront copi\('es\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR
+.RS 4
+Overrides
+/etc/login\&.defs
+defaults (\fBUID_MIN\fR,
+\fBUID_MAX\fR,
+\fBUMASK\fR,
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR
+and others)\&.
+.sp
+Example:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS \fR=\fI\-1\fR
+can be used when creating an account to turn off password aging\&. Multiple
+\fB\-K\fR
+options can be specified, e\&.g\&.:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MIN\fR
+=\fI100\fR\ \&\fB\-K\fR\ \&
+\fIUID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-no\-log\-init\fR
+.RS 4
+N\*(Aqajoute pas l\*(Aqutilisateur aux bases de donn\('ees lastlog et faillog\&.
+.sp
+Par d\('efaut, les entr\('ees de l\*(Aqutilisateur dans les bases de donn\('ees lastlog et faillog sont remises \(`a z\('ero pour \('eviter de r\('eutiliser les entr\('ees d\*(Aqun utilisateur pr\('ec\('edemment supprim\('e\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will also consult the variable
+\fBLOG_INIT\fR
+in the
+/etc/default/useradd
+if set to no the user will not be added to the lastlog and faillog databases\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-create\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+Create the user\*(Aqs home directory if it does not exist\&. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the
+\fB\-k\fR
+option) will be copied to the home directory\&.
+.sp
+By default, if this option is not specified and
+\fBCREATE_HOME\fR
+is not enabled, no home directories are created\&.
+.sp
+The directory where the user\*(Aqs home directory is created must exist and have proper SELinux context and permissions\&. Otherwise the user\*(Aqs home directory cannot be created or accessed\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-no\-create\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+Do not create the user\*(Aqs home directory, even if the system wide setting from
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR) is set to
+\fIyes\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option or by the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines an initial password for the account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&. Within a shell script, this option allows to create efficiently batches of users\&.
+.sp
+Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of
+/etc/shadow\&. This is a state where the user won\*(Aqt be able to access the account or to define a password himself\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fRAvoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Il est n\('ecessaire de v\('erifier si le mot de passe respecte la politique de mots de passe du syst\(`eme\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Cr\('eer un compte syst\(`eme\&.
+.sp
+System users will be created with no aging information in
+/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+/etc/login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
+(and their
+\fBGID\fR
+counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
+.sp
+Note that
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will not create a home directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR)\&. You have to specify the
+\fB\-m\fR
+options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created\&.
+.sp
+Note that this option will not update
+/etc/subuid
+and
+/etc/subgid\&. You have to specify the
+\fB\-F\fR
+options if you want to update the files for a system account to be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the path to the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. Without this option, the system will use the
+\fBSHELL\fR
+variable specified in
+/etc/default/useradd, or, if that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in
+/etc/passwd
+remains empty\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
+.RS 4
+The numerical value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
+\fBUID_MIN\fR
+and greater than every other user\&.
+.sp
+See also the
+\fB\-r\fR
+option and the
+\fBUID_MAX\fR
+description\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-user\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Cr\('ee un groupe avec le m\(^eme nom que celui de l\*(Aqutilisateur, et ajoute l\*(Aqutilisateur \(`a ce groupe\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the SELinux user for the new account\&. Without this option, a SELinux uses the default user\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses
+\fBsemanage\fR(8)
+for that\&.
+.RE
+.SS "Modifier les valeurs par d\('efaut"
+.PP
+When invoked with only the
+\fB\-D\fR
+option,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will display the current default values\&. When invoked with
+\fB\-D\fR
+plus other options,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will update the default values for the specified options\&. Valid default\-changing options are:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the path prefix for a new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The user\*(Aqs name will be affixed to the end of
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+to form the new user\*(Aqs home directory name, if the
+\fB\-d\fR
+option is not used when creating a new account\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBHOME\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBINACTIVE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group names or a numerical group ID\&. The named group must exist, and the GID must have an existing entry\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the default login shell for new users\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBSHELL\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.SH "NOTES"
+.PP
+The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the
+/etc/skel/
+directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in
+/etc/default/useradd
+or on the command line)\&.
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+Vous ne pouvez pas ajouter d\*(Aqutilisateur \(`a un groupe NIS ou LDAP\&. Cela doit \(^etre effectu\('e sur le serveur correspondant\&.
+.PP
+Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will deny the user account creation request\&.
+.PP
+Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the username\&. Fully numeric usernames and usernames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&. It is not recommended to use usernames beginning with \&. character as their home directories will be hidden in the
+\fBls\fR
+output\&.
+.PP
+Les noms d\*(Aqutilisateur sont limit\('es \(`a 16 caract\(`eres\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/default/useradd
+.RS 4
+Valeurs par d\('efaut pour la cr\('eation de comptes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Run\-part files to execute during user addition\&. The environment variable
+\fBACTION\fR
+will be populated with useradd and
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+with the
+\fBusername\fR\&.
+useradd\-pre\&.d
+will be executed prior to any user addition\&.
+useradd\-post\&.d
+will execute after user addition\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/skel/
+.RS 4
+R\('epertoire contenant les fichiers par d\('efaut\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+IDs des groupes subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+IDs de utilisateurs subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+UID already in use (and no
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+username or group name already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt create home directory
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI14\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update SELinux user mapping
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/userdel.8 b/man/fr/man8/userdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..663fe6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/userdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: userdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "USERDEL" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+userdel \- supprimer un compte utilisateur et les fichiers associ\('es
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBuserdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBuserdel\fR [options] \fILOGIN\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name
+\fILOGIN\fR\&. The named user must exist\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is still logged in\&. It also forces
+\fBuserdel\fR
+to remove the user\*(Aqs home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user\&. If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user\&.
+.sp
+\fINote:\fR
+This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+Les fichiers pr\('esents dans le r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur seront supprim\('es en m\(^eme temps que le r\('epertoire lui\-m\(^eme, ainsi que le r\('epertoire d\*(Aqattente des courriels\&. Vous devrez rechercher et \('eliminer vous\-m\(^eme les fichiers situ\('es dans d\*(Aqautres syst\(`emes de fichiers\&.
+.sp
+The mail spool is defined by the
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
+variable in the
+login\&.defs
+file\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR
+.RS 4
+\('Elimine toute association avec tout utilisateur SELinux pour la connexion de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Run\-part files to execute during user deletion\&. The environment variable
+\fBACTION\fR
+will be populated with
+\fBuserdel\fR
+and
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+with the username\&.
+userdel\-pre\&.d
+will be executed prior to any user deletion\&.
+userdel\-post\&.d
+will execute after user deletion\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+IDs des groupes subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+IDs de utilisateurs subalternes d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified user doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+user currently logged in
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove home directory
+.RE
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account\&. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user\*(Aqs password or account and remove the account later\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this account\&.
+.PP
+Vous devez v\('erifier vous\-m\(^eme qu\*(Aqaucun fichier poss\('ed\('e par l\*(Aqutilisateur ne subsiste sur tous les syst\(`emes de fichiers\&.
+.PP
+Vous ne pouvez supprimer aucun attribut NIS d\*(Aqun client NIS\&. Cela doit \(^etre effectu\('e sur le serveur NIS\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will delete the group with the same name as the user\&. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this group\&.
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/usermod.8 b/man/fr/man8/usermod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f84304d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/usermod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: usermod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "USERMOD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+usermod \- Modifier un compte utilisateur
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u
+\fBusermod\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBusermod\fR
+command modifies the system account files\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBusermod\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR
+.RS 4
+Add the user to the supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
+\fB\-G\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badname\fR
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
+.RS 4
+update the comment field of the user in
+/etc/passwd, which is normally modified using the
+\fBchfn\fR(1)
+utility\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Le nouveau r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.sp
+If the
+\fB\-m\fR
+option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
+\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. Integers as input are interpreted as days after 1970\-01\-01\&.
+.sp
+An input of \-1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in the shadow password file\&. The account will remain available with no date limit\&.
+.sp
+This option requires a
+/etc/shadow
+file\&. A
+/etc/shadow
+entry will be created if there were none\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password\&. This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)
+for more information\&.
+.sp
+This option requires a
+/etc/shadow
+file\&. A
+/etc/shadow
+entry will be created if there were none\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name or numerical ID of the user\*(Aqs new primary group\&. The group must exist\&.
+.sp
+Tout fichier du r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur appartenant au groupe primaire pr\('ec\('edent de l\*(Aqutilisateur appartiendra \(`a ce nouveau groupe\&.
+.sp
+Le groupe propri\('etaire des fichiers en dehors du r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur doit \(^etre modifi\('e manuellement\&.
+.sp
+The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as
+/\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
+.RS 4
+A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups must exist\&.
+.sp
+If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group\&. This behaviour can be changed via the
+\fB\-a\fR
+option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR\ \&\fINEW_LOGIN\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the user will be changed from
+\fILOGIN\fR
+to
+\fINEW_LOGIN\fR\&. Nothing else is changed\&. In particular, the user\*(Aqs home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This puts a \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
+\fB\-p\fR
+or
+\fB\-U\fR\&.
+.sp
+Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+to
+\fI1\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+moves the content of the user\*(Aqs home directory to the new location\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-d\fR
+(or
+\fB\-\-home\fR) option\&.
+.sp
+\fBusermod\fR
+will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+allows to change the user ID to a non\-unique value\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines a new password for the user\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+Avoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Il est n\('ecessaire de v\('erifier si le mot de passe respecte la politique de mots de passe du syst\(`eme\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the user from named supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
+\fB\-G\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes within the directory tree starting with
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+and use as well the configuration files located there\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+changes the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field in
+/etc/passwd
+and logs the user into the system\*(Aqs default shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
+.RS 4
+The new value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&.
+.sp
+This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&.
+.sp
+La bo\(^ite aux lettres et tous les fichiers poss\('ed\('es par l\*(Aqutilisateur et qui sont situ\('es dans son r\('epertoire personnel verront leur identifiant d\*(Aqutilisateur automatiquement modifi\('e\&.
+.sp
+Le propri\('etaire des fichiers en dehors du r\('epertoire personnel de l\*(Aqutilisateur doit \(^etre modifi\('e manuellement\&.
+.sp
+The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as
+/\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to the
+\fBUID_MIN\fR,
+\fBUID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR, or
+\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
+.RS 4
+Unlock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This removes the \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
+\fB\-p\fR
+or
+\fB\-L\fR\&.
+.sp
+Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+(for example to
+\fI99999\fR, or to the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+value from
+/etc/default/useradd)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Ajoute une plage d\*(AqUIDs subalternes au compte de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Supprime une plage d\*(AqUids subalternes du compte de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both
+\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR
+are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Ajoute une plage de gids subalternes au compte d\*(Aqun utilisateur\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Supprime une plage de gids subalternes du compte de l\*(Aqutilisateur\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both
+\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR
+are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the SELinux user to be mapped with
+\fILOGIN\fR\&. An empty string ("") will remove the respective entry (if any)\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses semanage(8) for that\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
+.PP
+You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user\*(Aqs numerical user ID, the user\*(Aqs name, or the user\*(Aqs home directory is being changed\&.
+\fBusermod\fR
+checks this on Linux\&. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in\&.
+.PP
+You must change the owner of any
+\fBcrontab\fR
+files or
+\fBat\fR
+jobs manually\&.
+.PP
+Les modifications qui concernent NIS doivent \(^etre effectu\('ees sur le serveur NIS\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account informatio\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/vigr.8 b/man/fr/man8/vigr.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff72d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/vigr.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/vipw.8
diff --git a/man/fr/man8/vipw.8 b/man/fr/man8/vipw.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..714fd73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fr/man8/vipw.8
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: vipw
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Commandes de gestion du syst\(`eme
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: French
+.\"
+.TH "VIPW" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Commandes de gestion du syst\(`em"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOM"
+vipw, vigr \- \('Editer les fichiers passwd, group, shadow ou gshadow
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u
+\fBvipw\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u
+\fBvigr\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+The
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands edits the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/group, respectively\&. With the
+\fB\-s\fR
+flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files,
+/etc/shadow
+and
+/etc/gshadow, respectively\&. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption\&. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable
+\fB$VISUAL\fR, then the environment variable
+\fB$EDITOR\fR, and finally the default editor,
+\fBvi\fR(1)\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands are:
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+\('Editer la base de donn\('ees de groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Afficher un message d\*(Aqaide et quitter\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+\('Editer la base de donn\('ees passwd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Mode silencieux\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR
+.RS 4
+\('Editer les bases de donn\('ees shadow ou gshadow\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ENVIRONNEMENT"
+.PP
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+.RS 4
+L\*(Aq\('editeur \(`a utiliser
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBEDITOR\fR
+.RS 4
+Editor to be used if
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+is not set\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FICHIERS"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les groupes\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
+.PP
+\fBvi\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5)
+,
+\fBpasswd\fR(5), ,
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.