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| author | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-04-07 14:54:37 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-04-07 14:54:37 +0000 |
| commit | 97c26c1924b076ef23ebe4381558e8aa025712b2 (patch) | |
| tree | 109724175f07436696f51b14b5abbd3f4d704d6d /man/ru | |
| parent | Initial commit. (diff) | |
| download | shadow-97c26c1924b076ef23ebe4381558e8aa025712b2.tar.xz shadow-97c26c1924b076ef23ebe4381558e8aa025712b2.zip | |
Adding upstream version 1:4.13+dfsg1.upstream/1%4.13+dfsg1upstream
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'man/ru')
48 files changed, 8055 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/man/ru/Makefile.am b/man/ru/Makefile.am new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a776a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/Makefile.am @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ + +mandir = @mandir@/ru + +man_MANS = \ + man1/chage.1 \ + man1/chfn.1 \ + man8/chgpasswd.8 \ + man8/chpasswd.8 \ + man1/chsh.1 \ + man1/expiry.1 \ + man5/faillog.5 \ + man8/faillog.8 \ + man3/getspnam.3 \ + man1/gpasswd.1 \ + man8/groupadd.8 \ + man8/groupdel.8 \ + man8/groupmems.8 \ + man8/groupmod.8 \ + man1/groups.1 \ + man8/grpck.8 \ + man8/grpconv.8 \ + man8/grpunconv.8 \ + man5/gshadow.5 \ + man8/lastlog.8 \ + man1/login.1 \ + man5/login.defs.5 \ + man8/logoutd.8 \ + man1/newgrp.1 \ + man8/newusers.8 \ + man8/nologin.8 \ + man1/passwd.1 \ + man5/passwd.5 \ + man8/pwck.8 \ + man8/pwconv.8 \ + man8/pwunconv.8 \ + man1/sg.1 \ + man3/shadow.3 \ + man5/shadow.5 \ + man1/su.1 \ + man5/suauth.5 \ + man8/useradd.8 \ + man8/userdel.8 \ + man8/usermod.8 \ + man8/vigr.8 \ + man8/vipw.8 + +man_nopam = \ + man5/limits.5 \ + man5/login.access.5 \ + man5/porttime.5 + +if !USE_PAM +man_MANS += $(man_nopam) +endif + +EXTRA_DIST = \ + $(man_MANS) \ + man1/id.1 \ + man8/sulogin.8 + +if USE_PAM +EXTRA_DIST += $(man_nopam) +endif + +include ../generate_translations.mak + diff --git a/man/ru/Makefile.in b/man/ru/Makefile.in new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cbdffd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/Makefile.in @@ -0,0 +1,787 @@ +# Makefile.in generated by automake 1.16.5 from Makefile.am. +# @configure_input@ + +# Copyright (C) 1994-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +# This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation +# gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it, +# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved. + +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without +# even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A +# PARTICULAR PURPOSE. + +@SET_MAKE@ +VPATH = @srcdir@ 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+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_FALSE@ @echo you need to run configure with --enable-man to generate man pages + +# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables. +# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded. +.NOEXPORT: diff --git a/man/ru/man1/chage.1 b/man/ru/man1/chage.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..49be778 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man1/chage.1 @@ -0,0 +1,214 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chage +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Пользовательские команды +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "chage" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +chage \- изменяет информацию об устаревании пароля пользователя +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u +\fBchage\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] \fIУЧЁТНАЯ_ЗАПИСЬ\fR +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change\&. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchage\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR\ \&\fILAST_DAY\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last changed\&. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY\-MM\-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)\&. If the +\fILAST_DAY\fR +is set to +\fI0\fR +the user is forced to change his password on the next log on\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +Установить дату устаревания учётной записи пользователя, которая задаётся числом дней прошедших с 1 января 1970 года\&. Дата может быть также задана в виде ГГГГ\-ММ\-ДД (или в форме согласно региональным настройкам)\&. Пользователь, чья учётная запись была заблокирована, должен обратиться к системному администратору, если хочет в дальнейшем работать с системой\&. +.sp +For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 days: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + chage \-E $(date \-d +180days +%Y\-%m\-%d) + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +will remove an account expiration date\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR +.RS 4 +When printing dates, use YYYY\-MM\-DD format\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked\&. The +\fIINACTIVE\fR +option is the number of days of inactivity\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as the +\fIINACTIVE\fR +will remove an account\*(Aqs inactivity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR +.RS 4 +Показать информацию об устаревании учётной записи\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the minimum number of days between password changes to +\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid\&. When +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +plus +\fILAST_DAY\fR +is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account\&. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the +\fB\-W\fR +option, which provides the user with advance warning\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The +\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire\&. +.RE +.PP +If none of the options are selected, +\fBchage\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of +\fI[ ]\fR +marks\&. +.SH "ЗАМЕЧАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +program requires a shadow password file to be available\&. +.PP +The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password file\&. This implies that configuration from other sources (e\&.g\&. LDAP or empty password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user\*(Aqs login will not be shown in the chage output\&. +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +program will also not report any inconsistency between the shadow and passwd files (e\&.g\&. missing x in the passwd file)\&. The +\fBpwck\fR +can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies\&. +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command is restricted to the root user, except for the +\fB\-l\fR +option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях +.RE +.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ" +.PP +The +\fBchage\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +permission denied +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI15\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt find the shadow password file +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man1/chfn.1 b/man/ru/man1/chfn.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..98d1cf1 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man1/chfn.1 @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chfn +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Пользовательские команды +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "chfn" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +chfn \- изменяет информацию о пользователе +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBchfn\fR\ 'u +\fBchfn\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] [\fIУЧЁТНАЯ_ЗАПИСЬ\fR] +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBchfn\fR +command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a user\*(Aqs account\&. This information is typically printed by +\fBfinger\fR(1) +and similar programs\&. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. (The default configuration is to prevent users from changing their fullname\&.) The superuser may change any field for any account\&. Additionally, only the superuser may use the +\fB\-o\fR +option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field\&. +.PP +These fields must not contain any colons\&. Except for the +\fIother\fR +field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign\&. It is also recommended to avoid non\-US\-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone numbers\&. The +\fIother\fR +field is used to store accounting information used by other applications\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchfn\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-full\-name\fR\ \&\fIFULL_NAME\fR +.RS 4 +Изменяет ФИО пользователя\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-home\-phone\fR\ \&\fIHOME_PHONE\fR +.RS 4 +Изменяет номер домашнего телефона пользователя\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-other\fR\ \&\fIOTHER\fR +.RS 4 +Изменяет другую информацию GECOS о пользователе\&. Эта часть используется для хранения информации об учётной записи, используемой другими приложениями, и может изменяться только суперпользователем\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-room\fR\ \&\fIROOM_NUMBER\fR +.RS 4 +Изменяет номер комнаты пользователя\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-work\-phone\fR\ \&\fIWORK_PHONE\fR +.RS 4 +Изменяет номер рабочего телефона пользователя\&. +.RE +.PP +If none of the options are selected, +\fBchfn\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of +\fB[ ]\fR +marks\&. Without options, +\fBchfn\fR +prompts for the current user account\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man1/chsh.1 b/man/ru/man1/chsh.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a8f2743 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man1/chsh.1 @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chsh +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Пользовательские команды +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "chsh" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +chsh \- изменяет регистрационную оболочку пользователя +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBchsh\fR\ 'u +\fBchsh\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] [\fIУЧЁТНАЯ_ЗАПИСЬ\fR] +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBchsh\fR +command changes the user login shell\&. This determines the name of the user\*(Aqs initial login command\&. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchsh\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +Имя новой регистрационной оболочки пользователя\&. Если задать пустое значение, то будет использована регистрационная оболочка по умолчанию\&. +.RE +.PP +If the +\fB\-s\fR +option is not selected, +\fBchsh\fR +operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell\&. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one\&. The current shell is displayed between a pair of +\fI[ ]\fR +marks\&. +.SH "ЗАМЕЧАНИЕ" +.PP +The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in +/etc/shells, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added\&. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell\&. For this reason, placing +/bin/rsh +in +/etc/shells +is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/shells +.RS 4 +содержит список разрешённых регистрационных оболочек +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man1/expiry.1 b/man/ru/man1/expiry.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..697ee41 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man1/expiry.1 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: expiry +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Пользовательские команды +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "expiry" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +expiry \- проверяет и изменяет пароль согласно политике устаревания +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBexpiry\fR\ 'u +\fBexpiry\fR \fIпараметр\fR +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBexpiry\fR +command checks (\fB\-c\fR) the current password expiration and forces (\fB\-f\fR) changes when required\&. It is callable as a normal user command\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBexpiry\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR +.RS 4 +Проверяет и изменяет срок действия пароля у текущего пользователя\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +Принудительно меняет пароль, если его срок действия истёк\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/ru/man1/gpasswd.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8c9402 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man1/gpasswd.1 @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: gpasswd +.\" Author: Rafal Maszkowski +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Пользовательские команды +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "gpasswd" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +gpasswd \- administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBgpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBgpasswd\fR [\fIпараметр\fR] \fIгруппа\fR +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBgpasswd\fR +command is used to administer +/etc/group, and /etc/gshadow\&. Every group can have +administrators, +members and a password\&. +.PP +System administrators can use the +\fB\-A\fR +option to define group administrator(s) and the +\fB\-M\fR +option to define members\&. They have all rights of group administrators and members\&. +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR +called by +a group administrator +with a group name only prompts for the new password of the +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.PP +If a password is set the members can still use +\fBnewgrp\fR(1) +without a password, and non\-members must supply the password\&. +.SS "Замечания о паролях групп" +.PP +Пароли групп имеют врождённую проблему с безопасностью, так как пароль знает более одного человека\&. Однако, группы являются полезным инструментом совместной работы различных пользователей\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +Except for the +\fB\-A\fR +and +\fB\-M\fR +options, the options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR +.RS 4 +Add the +\fIuser\fR +to the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR +.RS 4 +Remove the +\fIuser\fR +from the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\-password\fR +.RS 4 +Remove the password from the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password will be empty\&. Only group members will be allowed to use +\fBnewgrp\fR +to join the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-restrict\fR +.RS 4 +Restrict the access to the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password is set to "!"\&. Only group members with a password will be allowed to use +\fBnewgrp\fR +to join the named +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-administrators\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&. +.RS 4 +Задать список администраторов группы\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-members\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&. +.RS 4 +Задать список членов группы\&. +.RE +.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ" +.PP +This tool only operates on the +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow files\&. +Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о группах +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man1/groups.1 b/man/ru/man1/groups.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ab2ded --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man1/groups.1 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groups +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Пользовательские команды +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "groups" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +groups \- показывает имена групп запустившего программу пользователя +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u +\fBgroups\fR [\fIимя\fR] +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBgroups\fR +command displays the current group names or ID values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in +/etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value\&. The optional +\fIuser\fR +parameter will display the groups for the named user\&. +.SH "ЗАМЕЧАНИЕ" +.PP +Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see +\fBinitgroups\fR(3)) will have the information from +/etc/group +reported\&. The user must use +\fBnewgrp\fR +or +\fBsg\fR +to change his current real and effective group ID\&. +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о группах +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBgetgid\fR(2), +\fBgetgroups\fR(2), +\fBgetuid\fR(2), +\fBinitgroups\fR(3)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man1/id.1 b/man/ru/man1/id.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ce055b --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man1/id.1 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: id +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Пользовательские команды +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "id" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +id \- display current user and group ID names +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u +\fBid\fR [\-a] +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBid\fR +command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in +/etc/passwd +or +/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional +\fB\-a\fR +flag will display the group set on systems which support supplementary groups (see +\fBinitgroups\fR(3))\&. +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBgetgid\fR(2), +\fBgetgroups\fR(2), +\fBgetuid\fR(2), +\fBinitgroups\fR(3) diff --git a/man/ru/man1/login.1 b/man/ru/man1/login.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..65229c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man1/login.1 @@ -0,0 +1,213 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: login +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Пользовательские команды +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "login" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +login \- начинает сеанс в системе +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] [\fIимя_пользователя\fR] [\fIПЕРЕМЕННАЯ_ОКРУЖЕНИЯ=ЗНАЧЕНИЕ\fR...] +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] \-f \fIимя_пользователя\fR +.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u +\fBlogin\fR [\-p] \-r\ \fIhost\fR +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is used to establish a new session with the system\&. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the +\fIlogin:\fR +prompt on the user\*(Aqs terminal\&. +\fBlogin\fR +may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub\-process\&. When called from a shell, +\fBlogin\fR +should be executed as +\fBexec login\fR +which will cause the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of the caller)\&. Attempting to execute +\fBlogin\fR +from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message\&. +.PP +The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate\&. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password\&. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before +\fBlogin\fR +exits and the communications link is severed\&. +.PP +If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding\&. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing\&. Please refer to +\fBpasswd\fR(1) +for more information\&. +.PP +After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and the presence of mail\&. You may turn off the printing of the system message file, +/etc/motd, by creating a zero\-length file +\&.hushlogin +in your login directory\&. The mail message will be one of "\fIYou have new mail\&.\fR", "\fIYou have mail\&.\fR", or "\fINo Mail\&.\fR" according to the condition of your mailbox\&. +.PP +Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the +/etc/passwd +file\&. The value for +\fB$HOME\fR, +\fB$SHELL\fR, +\fB$PATH\fR, +\fB$LOGNAME\fR, and +\fB$MAIL\fR +are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry\&. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field\&. +.PP +On some installations, the environmental variable +\fB$TERM\fR +will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in +/etc/ttytype\&. +.PP +Также может быть выполнен сценарий инициализации пользовательского интерпретатора команд\&. Подробней об этой функции смотрите соответствующую справочную страницу\&. +.PP +Субсистемный вход в систему можно распознать по наличию символа \(Fo*\(Fc в начале регистрационной оболочки\&. Заданный домашний каталог будет использован как корень новой файловой системы, в которой регистрируется пользователь\&. +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of +\fBgetty\fR(8) +and +\fBinit\fR(8) +to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use +\fBlogin\fR +from the shell prompt without +\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +\fB\-f\fR +.RS 4 +Не выполнять аутентификацию, пользователь уже прошёл проверку\&. +.sp +Note: In that case, +\fIusername\fR +is mandatory\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR +.RS 4 +Имя удалённого узла, на который нужно войти\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR +.RS 4 +Сохранить окружение\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR +.RS 4 +Выполнить протокол autologin для rlogin\&. +.RE +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR, +\fB\-h\fR +and +\fB\-f\fR +options are only used when +\fBlogin\fR +is invoked by root\&. +.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ" +.PP +This version of +\fBlogin\fR +has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&. +.PP +Расположение файлов может отличаться на разных системах\&. +.PP +The +\fBlogin\fR +program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of +\fBgetty\fR(8) +and +\fBinit\fR(8) +to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use +\fBlogin\fR +from the shell prompt without +\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&. +.PP +As with any program, +\fBlogin\fR\*(Aqs appearance can be faked\&. If non\-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the machine\&. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/var/run/utmp +.RS 4 +содержит список работающих сеансов в системе +.RE +.PP +/var/log/wtmp +.RS 4 +содержит список завершённых сеансов работы с системой +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/motd +.RS 4 +содержит системные сообщения за день +.RE +.PP +/etc/nologin +.RS 4 +при существовании файла блокируется доступ в систему обычным пользователям +.RE +.PP +/etc/ttytype +.RS 4 +содержит список типов терминалов +.RE +.PP +$HOME/\&.hushlogin +.RS 4 +при существовании файла системные сообщения при входе в систему не выводятся +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBmail\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnologin\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBsecuretty\fR(5), +\fBgetty\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/ru/man1/newgrp.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2af3bde --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man1/newgrp.1 @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newgrp +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Пользовательские команды +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "newgrp" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +newgrp \- выполняет регистрацию пользователя в новой группе +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u +\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIгруппа\fR] +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBnewgrp\fR +command is used to change the current group ID during a login session\&. If the optional +\fB\-\fR +flag is given, the user\*(Aqs environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged\&. +.PP +\fBnewgrp\fR +changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in +/etc/passwd +if no group name is given\&. +\fBnewgrp\fR +also tries to add the group to the user groupset\&. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in +/etc/shadow +if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in +/etc/passwd +otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password\&. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member\&. +.PP +If there is an entry for this group in +/etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in +/etc/group +is considered\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о группах +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBid\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsg\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man1/passwd.1 b/man/ru/man1/passwd.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8224852 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man1/passwd.1 @@ -0,0 +1,283 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: passwd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Пользовательские команды +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "passwd" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +passwd \- изменяет пароль пользователя +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBpasswd\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] [\fIУЧЁТНАЯ_ЗАПИСЬ\fR] +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBpasswd\fR +command changes passwords for user accounts\&. A normal user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account\&. +\fBpasswd\fR +also changes the account or associated password validity period\&. +.SS "Изменение пароля" +.PP +Сначала пользователя попросят ввести старый пароль, если он был\&. Этот пароль зашифровывается и сравнивается с имеющимся\&. У пользователя есть только одна попытка ввести правильный пароль\&. Для суперпользователя этот шаг пропускается, для того чтобы можно было изменить забытый пароль\&. +.PP +After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time\&. If not, +\fBpasswd\fR +refuses to change the password and exits\&. +.PP +Затем пользователю предложат дважды ввести новый пароль\&. Значение второго ввода сравнивается с первым и для изменения пароли из обеих попыток должны совпасть\&. +.PP +Затем пароль тестируется на сложность подбора\&. Согласно общим принципам, пароли должны быть длиной от 6 до 8 символов и включать один или более символов каждого типа: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +строчные буквы +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +цифры от 0 до 9 +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +знаки пунктуации +.RE +.PP +Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill characters\&. +\fBpasswd\fR +will reject any password which is not suitably complex\&. +.SS "Выбор пароля" +.PP +The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space\&. The legacy +\fIUNIX\fR +System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm\&. More recent methods are now recommended (see +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)\&. The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected\&. +.PP +При обеспечении безопасности пароля выбирают нечто среднее между сложным паролем и сложностью работы с ним\&. По этой причине, вы не должны использовать пароль, который является словом из словаря или который придётся записать из\-за его сложности\&. Также, пароль не должен быть названием чего\-либо, номером вашей лицензии, днём рождения и домашним адресом\&. Обо всём этом легко догадаться, что приведёт к нарушению безопасности системы\&. +.PP +You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en\&.wikipedia\&.org/wiki/Password_strength +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR +.RS 4 +This option can be used only with +\fB\-S\fR +and causes show status for all users\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR +.RS 4 +Удалить пароль пользователя (сделать его пустым)\&. Это быстрый способ заблокировать пароль учётной записи\&. Это сделает указанную учётную запись беспарольной\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expire\fR +.RS 4 +Немедленно сделать пароль устаревшим\&. В результате это заставит пользователя изменить пароль при следующем входе в систему\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +This option is used to disable an account after the password has been expired for a number of days\&. After a user account has had an expired password for +\fIINACTIVE\fR +days, the user may no longer sign on to the account\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-tokens\fR +.RS 4 +Указывает, что изменение пароля нужно выполнить только для устаревших ключей аутентификации (паролей)\&. Пользователи хотят оставить свои непросроченные ключи нетронутыми\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR +.RS 4 +Заблокировать пароль указанной учётной записи\&. Этот параметр блокирует пароль, изменяя его значение на вариант, который не может быть шифрованным паролем (добавляется символ \(Fo!\(Fc в начало пароля)\&. +.sp +Note that this does not disable the account\&. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e\&.g\&. an SSH key)\&. To disable the account, administrators should use +\fBusermod \-\-expiredate 1\fR +(this set the account\*(Aqs expire date to Jan 2, 1970)\&. +.sp +Посетитель с заблокированным паролем не может изменить свой пароль\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the minimum number of days between password changes to +\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Не выводить сообщений при работе\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repository\fR\ \&\fIREPOSITORY\fR +.RS 4 +change password in +\fIREPOSITORY\fR +repository +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-status\fR +.RS 4 +Показать состояние учётной записи\&. Информация о состоянии содержит 7 полей\&. Первое поле содержит имя учётной записи\&. Второе поле указывает, заблокирован ли пароль учётной записи (L), она без пароля (NP) или у неё есть рабочий пароль (P)\&. Третье поле хранит дату последнего изменения пароля\&. В следующих четырёх полях хранятся минимальный срок, максимальный срок, период выдачи предупреждения и период неактивности пароля\&. Эти сроки измеряются в днях\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR +.RS 4 +Unlock the password of the named account\&. This option re\-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the +\fB\-l\fR +option)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The +\fIWARN_DAYS\fR +option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid\&. After +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR, the password is required to be changed\&. +.sp +Passing the number +\fI\-1\fR +as +\fIMAX_DAYS\fR +will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&. +.RE +.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ" +.PP +Сложность пароля проверяется на разных машинах по разному\&. Пользователю настоятельно рекомендуется выбирать пароль такой сложности, чтобы ему нормально работалось\&. +.PP +Пользователи не могут изменять свои пароли в системе, если включён NIS и они не вошли на сервер NIS\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей +.RE +.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ" +.PP +The +\fBpasswd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +permission denied +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid combination of options +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +unexpected failure, nothing done +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +unexpected failure, +passwd +file missing +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +passwd +file busy, try again +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBchpasswd\fR(8), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man1/sg.1 b/man/ru/man1/sg.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..532c615 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man1/sg.1 @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: sg +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Пользовательские команды +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "sg" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +sg \- выполняет команду с правами другой группы +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u +\fBsg\fR [\-] [group\ [\-c\ ]\ command] +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBsg\fR +command works similar to +\fBnewgrp\fR +but accepts a command\&. The command will be executed with the +/bin/sh +shell\&. With most shells you may run +\fBsg\fR +from, you need to enclose multi\-word commands in quotes\&. Another difference between +\fBnewgrp\fR +and +\fBsg\fR +is that some shells treat +\fBnewgrp\fR +specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that +\fBnewgrp\fR +creates\&. This doesn\*(Aqt happen with +\fBsg\fR, so upon exit from a +\fBsg\fR +command you are returned to your previous group ID\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о группах +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBid\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBnewgrp\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man1/su.1 b/man/ru/man1/su.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..17c6269 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man1/su.1 @@ -0,0 +1,290 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: su +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Пользовательские команды +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "su" "1" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Пользовательские команды" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +su \- изменяет ID пользователя или делает его суперпользователем +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBsu\fR\ 'u +\fBsu\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] [\fI\-\fR] [\fIимя_пользователя\fR\ [\ \fIargs\fR\ ]] +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBsu\fR +command is used to become another user during a login session\&. Invoked without a +\fBusername\fR, +\fBsu\fR +defaults to becoming the superuser\&. The +\fB\-\fR +option may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly\&. The +\fB\-c\fR +option may be used to treat the next argument as a command by most shells\&. +.PP +Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list\&. You can use the +\fB\-\-\fR +argument to stop option parsing\&. The +\fB\-\fR +option is special: it is also recognized after +\fB\-\-\fR, but has to be placed before +\fBusername\fR\&. +.PP +Пользователю предложат ввести пароль, если он задан\&. При неверном пароле возникает сообщение об ошибке\&. Все попытки, удачные и неудачные, протоколируются системой с целью обнаружения злоупотреблений\&. +.PP +The current environment is passed to the new shell\&. The value of +\fB$PATH\fR +is reset to +/bin:/usr/bin +for normal users, or +/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin +for the superuser\&. This may be changed with the +\fBENV_PATH\fR +and +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR +definitions in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.PP +Субсистемный вход в систему можно распознать по наличию символа \(Fo*\(Fc в начале регистрационной оболочки\&. Заданный домашний каталог будет использован как корень новой файловой системы, в которой регистрируется пользователь\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBsu\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR\ \&\fICOMMAND\fR +.RS 4 +Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its +\fB\-c\fR\&. +.sp +The executed command will have no controlling terminal\&. This option cannot be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-\fR, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR +.RS 4 +Предоставляет окружение, как если бы пользователь непосредственно регистрировался в системе\&. +.sp +When +\fB\-\fR +is used, it must be specified before any +\fBusername\fR\&. For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any +\fBusername\fR\&. The other forms (\fB\-l\fR +and +\fB\-\-login\fR) do not have this restriction\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +Оболочка, которая будет запущена\&. +.sp +The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): +.PP +.RS 4 +The shell specified with \-\-shell\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR +is used, the shell specified by the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environment variable\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +The shell indicated in the +/etc/passwd +entry for the target user\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +/bin/sh +if a shell could not be found by any above method\&. +.RE +.sp +If the target user has a restricted shell (i\&.e\&. the shell field of this user\*(Aqs entry in +/etc/passwd +is not listed in +/etc/shells), then the +\fB\-\-shell\fR +option or the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environment variable won\*(Aqt be taken into account, unless +\fBsu\fR +is called by root\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR +.RS 4 +Preserve the current environment, except for: +.PP +\fB$PATH\fR +.RS 4 +reset according to the +/etc/login\&.defs +options +\fBENV_PATH\fR +or +\fBENV_SUPATH\fR +(see below); +.RE +.PP +\fB$IFS\fR +.RS 4 +reset to +\(Fo<space><tab><newline>\(Fc, if it was set\&. +.RE +.sp +If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless +\fBsu\fR +is called by root)\&. +.sp +Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: +.PP +.RS 4 +The +\fB$HOME\fR, +\fB$SHELL\fR, +\fB$USER\fR, +\fB$LOGNAME\fR, +\fB$PATH\fR, and +\fB$IFS\fR +environment variables are reset\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is not used, the environment is copied, except for the variables above\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, the +\fB$TERM\fR, +\fB$COLORTERM\fR, +\fB$DISPLAY\fR, and +\fB$XAUTHORITY\fR +environment variables are copied if they were set\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, the +\fB$TZ\fR, +\fB$HZ\fR, and +\fB$MAIL\fR +environment variables are set according to the +/etc/login\&.defs +options +\fBENV_TZ\fR, +\fBENV_HZ\fR, +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR, and +\fBMAIL_FILE\fR +(see below)\&. +.RE +.PP +.RS 4 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, other environment variables might be set by the +\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR +file (see below)\&. +.RE +.sp +.RE +.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ" +.PP +This version of +\fBsu\fR +has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей +.RE +.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ" +.PP +On success, +\fBsu\fR +returns the exit value of the command it executed\&. +.PP +If this command was terminated by a signal, +\fBsu\fR +returns the number of this signal plus 128\&. +.PP +If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the command did not terminate in time), +\fBsu\fR +returns 255\&. +.PP +Some exit values from +\fBsu\fR +are independent from the executed command: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success (\fB\-\-help\fR +only) +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +System or authentication failure +.RE +.PP +\fI126\fR +.RS 4 +The requested command was not found +.RE +.PP +\fI127\fR +.RS 4 +The requested command could not be executed +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBsg\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man3/getspnam.3 b/man/ru/man3/getspnam.3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cd473da --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man3/getspnam.3 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man3/shadow.3 diff --git a/man/ru/man3/shadow.3 b/man/ru/man3/shadow.3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c86e060 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man3/shadow.3 @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: shadow +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Библиотечные функции +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "shadow" "3" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Библиотечные функции" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +shadow, getspnam \- процедуры для работы с файлом шифрованных паролей +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.PP +\fI#include <shadow\&.h>\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *getspent();\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *getspnam(char\fR +\fI*name\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIvoid setspent();\fR +.PP +\fIvoid endspent();\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *fgetspent(FILE\fR +\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIstruct spwd *sgetspent(char\fR +\fI*cp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIint putspent(struct spwd\fR +\fI*p,\fR +\fIФАЙЛ\fR +\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR +.PP +\fIint lckpwdf();\fR +.PP +\fIint ulckpwdf();\fR +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +\fIshadow\fR +manipulates the contents of the shadow password file, +/etc/shadow\&. The structure in the +\fI#include\fR +file is: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +struct spwd { + char *sp_namp; /* user login name */ + char *sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */ + long int sp_lstchg; /* last password change */ + long int sp_min; /* days until change allowed\&. */ + long int sp_max; /* days before change required */ + long int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */ + long int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */ + long int sp_expire; /* date when account expires */ + unsigned long int sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */ +} + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +Значение каждого поля: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_namp \- указатель на строку с именем пользователя, завершающуюся нулевым символом +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_pwdp \- указатель на строку с паролем, завершающуюся нулевым символом +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_lstchg \- количество дней, когда был изменён пароль последний раз, начиная с 1 января 1970 года +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_min \- количество дней, когда можно не менять пароль +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_max \- количество дней, которое должно пройти, чтобы нужно было поменять пароль +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_warn \- количество дней, когда будет выдаваться предупреждение о скором устаревании пароля перед тем как пароль устареет +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_inact \- количество дней, которые должны пройти после устаревания пароля, когда начинать считать, что учётная запись неактивна и заблокирована +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_expire \- дней, после которых учётная запись будет заблокирована, начиная с 1 января 1970 года +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +sp_flag \- зарезервировано +.RE +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +\fIgetspent\fR, +\fIgetspname\fR, +\fIfgetspent\fR, and +\fIsgetspent\fR +each return a pointer to a +\fIstruct spwd\fR\&. +\fIgetspent\fR +returns the next entry from the file, and +\fIfgetspent\fR +returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format\&. +\fIsgetspent\fR +returns a pointer to a +\fIstruct spwd\fR +using the provided string as input\&. +\fIgetspnam\fR +searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching +\fIname\fR\&. +.PP +\fIsetspent\fR +and +\fIendspent\fR +may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file\&. +.PP +The +\fIlckpwdf\fR +and +\fIulckpwdf\fR +routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the +/etc/shadow +file\&. +\fIlckpwdf\fR +attempts to acquire a lock using +\fIpw_lock\fR +for up to 15 seconds\&. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using +\fIspw_lock\fR +for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds\&. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds, +\fIlckpwdf\fR +returns \-1\&. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned\&. +.SH "ДИАГНОСТИКА" +.PP +Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing\&. Routines which have +\fIint\fR +as the return value return 0 for success and \-1 for failure\&. +.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ" +.PP +Данные функции могут использоваться только суперпользователем, так как доступ к файлу теневых паролей ограничен\&. +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBgetpwent\fR(3), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man5/faillog.5 b/man/ru/man5/faillog.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c615de1 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man5/faillog.5 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: faillog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "faillog" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuratio" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +faillog \- файл протокола неудачных попыток входа в систему +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account\&. +.PP +Этот файл состоит из записей постоянной длины, упорядоченных по числовому идентификатору учётной записи\&. Каждая запись содержит количество неудачных попыток входа с момента последнего успешного входа в систему, максимальное количество неудачных попыток перед тем как учётная запись будет заблокирована, терминал, с которого осуществлялась последняя неудачная попытка входа, дату этого события и интервал (в секундах) на сколько учётная запись будет заблокирована в случае неудачной попытки\&. +.PP +Структура файла: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf +struct faillog { + short fail_cnt; + short fail_max; + char fail_line[12]; + time_t fail_time; + long fail_locktime; +}; +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +.RS 4 +журнал неудавшихся попыток входа в систему +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR(8) diff --git a/man/ru/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/ru/man5/gshadow.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c012de --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man5/gshadow.5 @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: gshadow +.\" Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net> +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "gshadow" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +gshadow \- файл с защищаемой информацией о группах +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +/etc/gshadow +contains the shadowed information for group accounts\&. +.PP +Этот файл должен быть недоступен обычному пользователю, если нужно обеспечить безопасность паролей\&. +.PP +Каждая строка файла содержит поля, отделёнными друг от друга двоеточием: +.PP +\fBимя группы\fR +.RS 4 +Должно содержать правильное имя группы, которая существует в системе\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBшифрованный пароль\fR +.RS 4 +Refer to +\fBcrypt\fR(3) +for details on how this string is interpreted\&. +.sp +If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of +\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)\&. +.sp +The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see +\fBnewgrp\fR(1))\&. +.sp +Это поле может быть пустым; в этом случае только члены группы могут пользоваться правами группы\&. +.sp +A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&. +.sp +This password supersedes any password specified in +/etc/group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBадминистраторы\fR +.RS 4 +Список имён пользователей, перечисленных через запятую\&. +.sp +Администраторы могут менять пароль или членство в группе\&. +.sp +Администраторы также имеют те же права, что и члены группы (смотрите далее)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBчлены\fR +.RS 4 +Список имён пользователей, перечисленных через запятую\&. +.sp +Члены могут иметь доступ к группе без ввода пароля\&. +.sp +You should use the same list of users as in +/etc/group\&. +.RE +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о группах +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR(5), +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBgrpconv\fR(8), +\fBnewgrp\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man5/limits.5 b/man/ru/man5/limits.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9567b31 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man5/limits.5 @@ -0,0 +1,274 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: limits +.\" Author: Luca Berra +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "limits" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +limits \- файл контроля ресурсов +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fIlimits\fR +file (/etc/limits +by default or LIMITS_FILE defined +config\&.h) describes the resource limits you wish to impose\&. It should be owned by root and readable by root account only\&. +.PP +По умолчанию учётная запись \(Foroot\(Fc ничем не ограничена\&. Фактически, никак нельзя установить ограничения с помощью этой процедуры на учётные записи, имеющие права суперпользователя (учётные записи с UID равным 0)\&. +.PP +Каждая строка описывает ограничение для одного пользователя имеет вид: +.PP +\fIuser СТРОКА_ОГРАНИЧЕНИЙ\fR +.PP +или в виде: +.PP +\fI@group СТРОКА_ОГРАНИЧЕНИЙ\fR +.PP +The +\fILIMITS_STRING\fR +is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits\&. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit\&. +.PP +Допустимые идентификаторы: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +A: максимальное адресное пространство (КБ) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +C: максимальный размер файла core (КБ) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +D: максимальный размер данных (КБ) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +F: maximum file size (KB) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +K: file creation mask, set by +\fBumask\fR(2)\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +I: максимальное значение уступчивости (nice) (0\&.\&.39, преобразуемые в 20\&.\&.\-19) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +L: максимальное число возможных регистраций в системе этого пользователя +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +M: максимальное синхронизируемое адресное пространство памяти (КБ) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +N: максимальное число открытых файлов +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +O: максимальный приоритет реального времени +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +P: process priority, set by +\fBsetpriority\fR(2)\&. +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +R: максимальный размер резидентного сегмента (КБ) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +S: максимальный размер стека (КБ) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +T: максимальное время использования процессора (минут) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +U: максимальное число процессов +.RE +.PP +For example, +\fIL2D2048N5\fR +is a valid +\fILIMITS_STRING\fR\&. For reading convenience, the following entries are equivalent: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + username L2D2048N5 + username L2 D2048 N5 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +Be aware that after +\fIusername\fR +the rest of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed\&. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the +\fBlogin\fR +program\&. +.PP +The default entry is denoted by username "\fI*\fR"\&. If you have multiple +\fIdefault\fR +entries in your +\fILIMITS_FILE\fR, then the last one will be used as the default entry\&. +.PP +The limits specified in the form "\fI@group\fR" apply to the members of the specified +\fIgroup\fR\&. +.PP +If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for this user will be considered\&. +.PP +If no lines are specified for a user, the last +\fI@group\fR +line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the user\&. +.PP +To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" will do\&. +.PP +To disable a limit for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit\&. +.PP +Также заметьте, что все настройки ограничений делаются ДЛЯ КОНКРЕТНОЙ УЧЁТНОЙ ЗАПИСИ\&. Они не являются глобальными и не постоянны\&. Возможно глобальные ограничения и появятся, но пока это только в планах ;) +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/limits +.RS 4 +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsetpriority\fR(2), +\fBsetrlimit\fR(2)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man5/login.access.5 b/man/ru/man5/login.access.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8f7f7b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man5/login.access.5 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: login.access +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "login\&.access" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +login.access \- файл контроля доступа в систему +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fIlogin\&.access\fR +file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused\&. +.PP +When someone logs in, the +\fIlogin\&.access\fR +is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non\-networked logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination\&. The permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused\&. +.PP +Каждая строка таблицы контроля доступа в систему состоит из трёх полей разделённых символом \(Fo:\(Fc и выглядит так: +.PP +\fIpermission\fR:\fIusers\fR:\fIorigins\fR +.PP +The first field should be a "\fI+\fR" (access granted) or "\fI\-\fR" (access denied) character\&. The second field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or +\fIALL\fR +(always matches)\&. The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non\-networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with "\&."), host addresses, internet network numbers (end with "\&."), +\fIALL\fR +(always matches) or +\fILOCAL\fR +(matches any string that does not contain a "\&." character)\&. If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user patterns\&. +.PP +The +\fIEXCEPT\fR +operator makes it possible to write very compact rules\&. +.PP +Поиск в файле групп производится только когда имя не совпадает с регистрирующимся пользователем\&. Рассматриваются группы только с явно прописанными в них пользователями: программа не принимает во внимание значение первичной группы пользователя\&. +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man5/login.defs.5 b/man/ru/man5/login.defs.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aa24629 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man5/login.defs.5 @@ -0,0 +1,220 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: login.defs +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "login\&.defs" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +login.defs \- содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +/etc/login\&.defs +file defines the site\-specific configuration for the shadow password suite\&. This file is required\&. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation\&. +.PP +Файл представляет собой обычный текстовый файл; каждая строка описывает один параметр настройки\&. Строки состоят из названия параметра и его значения, которые разделяются пробельным символом\&. Пустые строки и комментарии игнорируются\&. Комментарии начинаются со знака фунта \(Fo#\(Fc, который должен быть первым непробельным символом в строке\&. +.PP +Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long numbers\&. A string is comprised of any printable characters\&. A boolean should be either the value +\fIyes\fR +or +\fIno\fR\&. An undefined boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a +\fIno\fR +value\&. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, octal values (precede the value with +\fI0\fR) or hexadecimal values (precede the value with +\fI0x\fR)\&. The maximum value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine\-dependent\&. +.PP +Возможны следующие параметры настройки: +.PP +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, +\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR +and +\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR +are only used at the time of account creation\&. Any changes to these settings won\*(Aqt affect existing accounts\&. +.SH "ПЕРЕКРЁСТНЫЕ ССЫЛКИ" +.PP +Следующие перекрёстные ссылки отражают связь между программами и их параметрам из набора для работы с теневыми паролями\&. +.PP +chfn +.RS 4 +CHFN_AUTH +CHFN_RESTRICT +LOGIN_STRING +.RE +.PP +chgpasswd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +chpasswd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +chsh +.RS 4 +CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING +.RE +.PP +gpasswd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +groupadd +.RS 4 +GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN +.RE +.PP +groupdel +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +groupmems +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +groupmod +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +grpck +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +grpconv +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +grpunconv +.RS 4 +MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.PP +lastlog +.RS 4 +LASTLOG_UID_MAX +.RE +.PP +login +.RS 4 +CONSOLE +CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME +ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE +ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY +FAILLOG_ENAB +FAKE_SHELL +FTMP_FILE +HUSHLOGIN_FILE +ISSUE_FILE +KILLCHAR +LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX +LOGIN_RETRIES +LOGIN_STRING +LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB +MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB +TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE +ULIMIT UMASK +USERGROUPS_ENAB +.RE +.PP +newgrp / sg +.RS 4 +SYSLOG_SG_ENAB +.RE +.PP +newusers +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK +.RE +.PP +passwd +.RS 4 +ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN +SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS +.RE +.PP +pwck +.RS 4 +PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +.RE +.PP +pwconv +.RS 4 +PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE +.RE +.PP +su +.RS 4 +CONSOLE +CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME +ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE +ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH +ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB +SULOG_FILE SU_NAME +SU_WHEEL_ONLY +SYSLOG_SU_ENAB +USERGROUPS_ENAB +.RE +.PP +sulogin +.RS 4 +ENV_HZ +ENV_TZ +.RE +.PP +useradd +.RS 4 +CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK +.RE +.PP +userdel +.RS 4 +MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB +.RE +.PP +usermod +.RS 4 +LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBpam\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man5/passwd.5 b/man/ru/man5/passwd.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..74fa8e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man5/passwd.5 @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: passwd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "passwd" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +passwd \- файл паролей +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +/etc/passwd +contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(Fo:\(Fc)\&. These fields are: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +имя пользователя для входа в систему +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +необязательный зашифрованный пароль +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +числовой идентификатор пользователя +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +числовой идентификатор группы +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +ФИО пользователя или поле комментария +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +домашний каталог пользователя +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +необязательный интерпретатор командной строки пользователя +.RE +.PP +If the +\fIpassword\fR +field is a lower\-case +\(Fox\(Fc, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the +\fBshadow\fR(5) +file instead; there +\fImust\fR +be a corresponding line in the +/etc/shadow +file, or else the user account is invalid\&. +.PP +The encrypted +\fIpassword\fR +field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the +/etc/passwd +file may decide not to permit +\fIany\fR +access at all if the +\fIpassword\fR +field is blank\&. +.PP +A +\fIpassword\fR +field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the +\fIpassword\fR +field before the password was locked\&. +.PP +Refer to +\fBcrypt\fR(3) +for details on how this string is interpreted\&. +.PP +If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of +\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&. +.PP +The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system utilities, such as +\fBfinger\fR(1)\&. The use of an ampersand here will be replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed by such system utilities\&. +.PP +The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory\&. The +\fBlogin\fR +program uses this information to set the value of the +\fB$HOME\fR +environmental variable\&. +.PP +The command interpreter field provides the name of the user\*(Aqs command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute\&. The +\fBlogin\fR +program uses this information to set the value of the +\fB$SHELL\fR +environmental variable\&. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value +/bin/sh\&. +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +необязательный файл с шифрованными паролями +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd\- +.RS 4 +резервная копия файла /etc/passwd +.sp +Заметим, что этот файл используется программами из комплекта утилит shadow, но не всеми инструментами управления пользователями и паролями\&. +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgetent\fR(1), +\fBgetpwnam\fR(3), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBpwck\fR(8), +\fBpwconv\fR(8), +\fBpwunconv\fR(8), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man5/porttime.5 b/man/ru/man5/porttime.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cbbd4e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man5/porttime.5 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: porttime +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "porttime" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +porttime \- файл с временами доступа к портам +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +\fIporttime\fR +contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times\&. +.PP +Каждая запись состоит из трёх полей, разделённых двоеточиями\&. В первом поле содержится список устройств tty (перечисленных через запятую) или звёздочка, указывающая, что все устройства tty попадают под правило этой записи\&. Во втором поле содержится список имён пользователей (перечисленных через запятую) или звёздочка, указывающая, что все имена пользователей попадают под правило этой записи\&. В третьем поле содержится список (через запятую) допустимого времени работы\&. +.PP +Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated +\fISu\fR, +\fIMo\fR, +\fITu\fR, +\fIWe\fR, +\fITh\fR, +\fIFr\fR, and +\fISa\fR, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen\&. The abbreviation +\fIWk\fR +may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and +\fIAl\fR +may be used to indicate every day\&. If no days are given, +\fIAl\fR +is assumed\&. +.SH "ПРИМЕРЫ" +.PP +The following entry allows access to user +\fBjfh\fR +on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm\&. +.PP +*:jfh:Wk0900\-1700 +.PP +The following entries allow access only to the users +\fIroot\fR +and +\fIoper\fR +on +/dev/console +at any time\&. This illustrates how the +/etc/porttime +file is an ordered list of access times\&. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time\&. +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400 + console:*: + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +The following entry allows access for the user +\fIgames\fR +on any port during non\-working hours\&. +.PP +*:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400 +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/porttime +.RS 4 +содержит разрешённое время работы определённых пользователей с определённых портов +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man5/shadow.5 b/man/ru/man5/shadow.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6857795 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man5/shadow.5 @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: shadow +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "shadow" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +shadow \- файл теневых паролей +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +shadow +is a file which contains the password information for the system\*(Aqs accounts and optional aging information\&. +.PP +Этот файл должен быть недоступен обычному пользователю, если нужно обеспечить безопасность паролей\&. +.PP +Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (\(Fo:\(Fc), in the following order: +.PP +\fBимя пользователя для входа в систему\fR +.RS 4 +Должно содержать правильное имя учётной записи, которая существует в системе\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBшифрованный пароль\fR +.RS 4 +This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the +/etc/shadow +file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is empty\&. +.sp +A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&. +.sp +Refer to +\fBcrypt\fR(3) +for details on how this string is interpreted\&. +.sp +If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of +\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBдата последней смены пароля\fR +.RS 4 +The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&. +.sp +The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her password the next time she will log in the system\&. +.sp +Пустое значение обозначает, что проверка устаревания пароля выключена\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBминимальный срок действия пароля\fR +.RS 4 +Минимальный срок действия пароля в днях, которые пользователь должен ждать, чтобы поменять пароль\&. +.sp +An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBмаксимальный срок действия пароля\fR +.RS 4 +Максимальный срок действия пароля в днях, после которого пользователь должен изменить пароль\&. +.sp +По прошествии этого количества дней пароль может быть ещё действительным\&. Пользователя нужно попросить изменить пароль при следующем входе\&. +.sp +Пустое значение поля означает, что нет максимального срока действия пароля, нет периода предупреждения о пароле и нет периода неактивности пароля (смотрите далее)\&. +.sp +Если максимальный срок действия пароля меньше чем минимальный срок действия пароля, то пользователь не сможет изменить свой пароль\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBпериод предупреждения о пароле\fR +.RS 4 +Количество дней до устаревания пароля (смотрите максимальный срок действия пароля) во время которых пользователю выдаётся предупреждение\&. +.sp +Пустое значение поля и 0 отключают период предупреждения о пароле\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBпериод неактивности пароля\fR +.RS 4 +Количество дней после устаревания пароля (смотрите максимальный срок действия пароля) во время которых пароль всё ещё принимается (и пользователь должен обновить свой пароль при следующем входе)\&. +.sp +After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no login is possible for the user\&. The user should contact her administrator\&. +.sp +Пустое значение поля означает, что период неактивности отсутствует\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBдата истечения срока действия учётной записи\fR +.RS 4 +The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&. +.sp +Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration\&. In case of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login\&. In case of a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password\&. +.sp +Пустое значение обозначает, что учётная запись никогда не устаревает\&. +.sp +Значение 0 не должно использоваться, так как это может рассматриваться как неустаревающая учётная запись или что запись устарела 1 января 1970 года\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBзарезервированное поле\fR +.RS 4 +Это поле зарезервировано для использования в будущем\&. +.RE +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow\- +.RS 4 +резервная копия файла /etc/shadow +.sp +Заметим, что этот файл используется программами из комплекта утилит shadow, но не всеми инструментами управления пользователями и паролями\&. +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBchage\fR(1), +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBpwck\fR(8), +\fBpwconv\fR(8), +\fBpwunconv\fR(8), +\fBsu\fR(1), +\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man5/suauth.5 b/man/ru/man5/suauth.5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2c728e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man5/suauth.5 @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: suauth +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "suauth" "5" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +suauth \- файл управления командой su +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fB/etc/suauth\fR\ 'u +\fB/etc/suauth\fR +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The file +/etc/suauth +is referenced whenever the su command is called\&. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon: +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + 1) the user su is targeting + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +2) пользователя, запустившего команду su (или группы, членом которой он может быть) +.PP +Формат файла показан ниже, строки начинающиеся с # считаются комментарием и игнорируются; +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + to\-id:from\-id:ACTION + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.PP +Where to\-id is either the word +\fIALL\fR, a list of usernames delimited by "," or the words +\fIALL EXCEPT\fR +followed by a list of usernames delimited by ","\&. +.PP +from\-id is formatted the same as to\-id except the extra word +\fIGROUP\fR +is recognized\&. +\fIALL EXCEPT GROUP\fR +is perfectly valid too\&. Following +\fIGROUP\fR +appears one or more group names, delimited by ","\&. It is not sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in +\fB/etc/group\fR(5) +is necessary\&. +.PP +В поле ДЕЙСТВИЕ может быть только одно из следующих значений: +.PP +\fIDENY\fR +.RS 4 +Команда su останавливает выполнение, даже не спрашивая пароль\&. +.RE +.PP +\fINOPASS\fR +.RS 4 +Команда su выполняется без запроса пароля\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIOWNPASS\fR +.RS 4 +Чтобы успешно выполнить команду su, пользователь должен ввести свой собственный пароль\&. +.RE +.PP +Заметим, что тут используются три поля, разделённых двоеточиями\&. Никаких пробелов не допускается около двоеточий\&. Также заметим, что файл просматривается строка за строкой, и первое подходящее правило будет использовано без проверки оставшихся правил\&. Это позволяет системному администратору осуществлять любой контроль, какой он пожелает\&. +.SH "ПРИМЕР" +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + # sample /etc/suauth file + # + # A couple of privileged usernames may + # su to root with their own password\&. + # + root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS + # + # Anyone else may not su to root unless in + # group wheel\&. This is how BSD does things\&. + # + root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY + # + # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts + # owned by the same person\&. + # Access can be arranged between them + # with no password\&. + # + terry:birddog:NOPASS + birddog:terry:NOPASS + # + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/suauth +.RS 4 +.RE +.SH "ОШИБКИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ" +.PP +Может быть несколько угроз\&. Анализатор файла, в частности, не прощает синтаксических ошибок, ожидая, что не будет недопустимых пробелов (кроме как в начале и конце строк) и специальных слов, разделяющих различные вещи\&. +.SH "ДИАГНОСТИКА" +.PP +An error parsing the file is reported using +\fBsyslogd\fR(8) +as level ERR on facility AUTH\&. +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBsu\fR(1)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man8/chgpasswd.8 b/man/ru/man8/chgpasswd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..45c6268 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/chgpasswd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chgpasswd +.\" Author: Thomas K\(/loczko <kloczek@pld.org.pl> +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Команды управления системой +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "chgpasswd" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +chgpasswd \- обновляет пароли групп в пакетном режиме +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBchgpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBchgpasswd\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBchgpasswd\fR +command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups\&. Each line is of the format: +.PP +\fIgroup_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR +.PP +By default the supplied password must be in clear\-text, and is encrypted by +\fBchgpasswd\fR\&. +.PP +The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +variable of +/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the +\fB\-e\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-c\fR +options\&. +.PP +Данная команда предназначена для работы в крупных системных средах, где за один раз заводится несколько учётных записей\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchgpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR +.RS 4 +Использовать указанный метод для шифрования паролей\&. +.sp +Возможные методы: DES, MD5, NONE и SHA256 или SHA512, если эти методы поддерживается libc\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR +.RS 4 +Передаваемые пароли заданы в шифрованном виде\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR +.RS 4 +Использовать алгоритм шифрования MD5 вместо DES, если пароли передаются не шифрованными\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR +.RS 4 +Использовать указанное количество раундов шифрования паролей\&. +.sp +Значение 0 означает, что система выберет количество раундов по умолчанию для выбранного метода шифрования (5000)\&. +.sp +Минимальное значение равно 1000, а максимальное значение равно 999,999,999\&. +.sp +Вы можете использовать этот параметр только при методе шифрования SHA256 или SHA512\&. +.sp +By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ" +.PP +Не забудьте установить права или umask, чтобы не позволить чтение не шифрованных файлов другими пользователями\&. +.PP +Вы должны проверить, что пароль и метод шифрования соответствует политике системных паролей\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBgpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man8/chpasswd.8 b/man/ru/man8/chpasswd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bc59c32 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/chpasswd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: chpasswd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Команды управления системой +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "chpasswd" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +chpasswd \- обновляет пароли в пакетном режиме +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBchpasswd\fR\ 'u +\fBchpasswd\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBchpasswd\fR +command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users\&. Each line is of the format: +.PP +\fIuser_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR +.PP +By default the passwords must be supplied in clear\-text, and are encrypted by +\fBchpasswd\fR\&. Also the password age will be updated, if present\&. +.PP +The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +or +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variables of +/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the +\fB\-e\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-c\fR +options\&. +.PP +\fBchpasswd\fR +first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user\&. +.PP +Данная команда предназначена для работы в крупных системных средах, где за один раз заводится несколько учётных записей\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBchpasswd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR\ \&\fIMETHOD\fR +.RS 4 +Использовать указанный метод для шифрования паролей\&. +.sp +Возможные методы: DES, MD5, NONE и SHA256 или SHA512, если эти методы поддерживается libc\&. +.sp +By default (if none of the +\fB\-c\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-e\fR +options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the +\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR +or +\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR +variables of +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR +.RS 4 +Передаваемые пароли заданы в шифрованном виде\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR +.RS 4 +Использовать алгоритм шифрования MD5 вместо DES, если пароли передаются не шифрованными\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR\ \&\fIROUNDS\fR +.RS 4 +Использовать указанное количество раундов шифрования паролей\&. +.sp +Значение 0 означает, что система выберет количество раундов по умолчанию для выбранного метода шифрования (5000)\&. +.sp +Минимальное значение равно 1000, а максимальное значение равно 999,999,999\&. +.sp +Вы можете использовать этот параметр только при методе шифрования SHA256 или SHA512\&. +.sp +By default, the number of rounds is defined by the +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR +and +\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR +variables in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ" +.PP +Не забудьте установить права или umask, чтобы не позволить чтение не шифрованных файлов другими пользователями\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: + +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man8/faillog.8 b/man/ru/man8/faillog.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3cb6a72 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/faillog.8 @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: faillog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Команды управления системой +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "faillog" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +faillog \- показывает записи из файла faillog или задаёт предел неудачных попыток входа в систему +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBfaillog\fR\ 'u +\fBfaillog\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR +displays the contents of the failure log database (/var/log/faillog)\&. It can also set the failure counters and limits\&. When +\fBfaillog\fR +is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBfaillog\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR +.RS 4 +Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the +faillog +database\&. +.sp +The range of users can be restricted with the +\fB\-u\fR +option\&. +.sp +В режиме вывода это ограничивает вывод списком существующих пользователей, но при этом для них выводятся даже пустые записи faillog\&. +.sp +With the +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, +\fB\-r\fR, +\fB\-t\fR +options, the users\*(Aq records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system\&. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-secs\fR\ \&\fISEC\fR +.RS 4 +Lock account for +\fISEC\fR +seconds after failed login\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR\ \&\fIMAX\fR +.RS 4 +Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to +\fIMAX\fR\&. +.sp +Selecting a +\fIMAX\fR +value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins\&. +.sp +The maximum failure count should always be 0 for +\fIroot\fR +to prevent a denial of services attack against the system\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR +.RS 4 +Сбросить счётчик неудачных попыток входа\&. +.sp +Write access to +/var/log/faillog +is required for this option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Display faillog records more recent than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR +.RS 4 +Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR +or +\fB\-r\fR +options) only for the specified user(s)\&. +.sp +The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a +\fIRANGE\fR +of users\&. This +\fIRANGE\fR +of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&. +.RE +.PP +When none of the +\fB\-l\fR, +\fB\-m\fR, or +\fB\-r\fR +options are used, +\fBfaillog\fR +displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)\&. +.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ" +.PP +\fBfaillog\fR +only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure\&. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the +\fB\-u\fR +flag, or print out all users with the +\fB\-a\fR +flag\&. +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/var/log/faillog +.RS 4 +журнал неудавшихся попыток входа в систему +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBfaillog\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/ru/man8/groupadd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8300e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/groupadd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,235 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupadd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Команды управления системой +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "groupadd" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +groupadd \- создаёт новую группу +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBgroupadd\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupadd\fR [\fIПАРАМЕТРЫ\fR] \fINEWGROUP\fR +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBgroupadd\fR +command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed\&. +.PP +Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the groupname\&. Fully numeric groupnames and groupnames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&. +.PP +Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupadd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists\&. When used with +\fB\-g\fR, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i\&.e\&. +\fB\-g\fR +is turned off)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR +.RS 4 +The numerical value of the group\*(Aqs ID\&. +\fIGID\fR +must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to +\fBGID_MIN\fR +and greater than every other group\&. +.sp +See also the +\fB\-r\fR +option and the +\fBGID_MAX\fR +description\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR +.RS 4 +Overrides +/etc/login\&.defs +defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others)\&. Multiple +\fB\-K\fR +options can be specified\&. +.sp +Example: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \& +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +.sp +Note: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +doesn\*(Aqt work yet\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID\&. As a result, for this +\fIGID\fR, the mapping towards group +\fINEWGROUP\fR +may not be unique\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +defines an initial password for the group account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by +\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&. +.sp +Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths system account file +/etc/group +or +/etc/gshadow\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Вы должны проверить, что пароль соответствует политике системных паролей\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +Создать системную группу\&. +.sp +The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +login\&.defs, instead of +\fBGID_MIN\fR\-\fBGID_MAX\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR +.RS 4 +A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&. +.sp +The default behavior (if the +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, and +\fB\-U\fR +options are not specified) is defined by the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей +.RE +.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ" +.PP +Нельзя добавить группу NIS или LDAP\&. Это необходимо делать на соответствующем сервере\&. +.PP +If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP, +\fBgroupadd\fR +will deny the group creation request\&. +.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ" +.PP +The +\fBgroupadd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +GID is already used (when called without +\fB\-o\fR) +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +group name is already used +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/ru/man8/groupdel.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dfa6c33 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/groupdel.8 @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupdel +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Команды управления системой +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "groupdel" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +groupdel \- удаляет группу +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupdel\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] \fIГРУППА\fR +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBgroupdel\fR +command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to +\fIGROUP\fR\&. The named group must exist\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupdel\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +This option forces the removal of the group, even if there\*(Aqs some user having the group as the primary one\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ" +.PP +Вы не можете удалить группу, если она является первичной для существующего пользователя\&. Вы должны удалить пользователя перед тем как удалять группу\&. +.PP +Вы должны вручную проверить все файловые системы, чтобы убедиться, что не осталось файлов, принадлежащих удалённой группе\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о группах +.RE +.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ" +.PP +The +\fBgroupdel\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI8\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt remove user\*(Aqs primary group +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/ru/man8/groupmems.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..668a28f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/groupmems.8 @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupmems +.\" Author: George Kraft, IV +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Команды управления системой +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "groupmems" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +groupmems \- управляет членами первичной группы пользователя +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBgroupmems\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIuser_name\fR | \-d\ \fIuser_name\fR | [\-g\ \fIgroup_name\fR] | \-l | \-p +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmems\fR +command allows a user to administer their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges\&. The +\fBgroupmems\fR +utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i\&.e\&., guest / guest)\&. +.PP +Only the superuser, as administrator, can use +\fBgroupmems\fR +to alter the memberships of other groups\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupmems\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR +.RS 4 +Add a user to the group membership list\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR +.RS 4 +Удалить пользователя из группы\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, the user will be removed from the list of members and administrators of the group\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR\ \&\fIgroup_name\fR +.RS 4 +Суперпользователь может указать группу, в которой нужно изменить список членов\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR +.RS 4 +Показать список членов группы\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-purge\fR +.RS 4 +Вычистить всех пользователей из списка членов группы\&. +.sp +If the +/etc/gshadow +file exist, and the group has no entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file, a new entry will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmems\fR +executable should be in mode +2710 +as user +\fIroot\fR +and in group +\fIgroups\fR\&. The system administrator can add users to group +\fIgroups\fR +to allow or disallow them using the +\fBgroupmems\fR +utility to manage their own group membership list\&. +.sp +.if n \{\ +.RS 4 +.\} +.nf + $ groupadd \-r groups + $ chmod 2710 groupmems + $ chown root\&.groups groupmems + $ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4 + +.fi +.if n \{\ +.RE +.\} +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о группах +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/ru/man8/groupmod.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b7e87c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/groupmod.8 @@ -0,0 +1,237 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: groupmod +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Команды управления системой +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "groupmod" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +groupmod \- изменяет определение группы в системе +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBgroupmod\fR\ 'u +\fBgroupmod\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] \fIГРУППА\fR +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmod\fR +command modifies the definition of the specified +\fIGROUP\fR +by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgroupmod\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR +.RS 4 +If group members are specified with \-U, append them to the existing member list, rather than replacing it\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR +.RS 4 +The group ID of the given +\fIGROUP\fR +will be changed to +\fIGID\fR\&. +.sp +The value of +\fIGID\fR +must be a non\-negative decimal integer\&. This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. +.sp +У пользователей, которых эта группа является первичной, будет выполнено соответствующее обновление\&. +.sp +Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to +\fIGROUP\fR, must have their group ID changed manually\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to the +\fBGID_MIN\fR, +\fBGID_MAX\fR, +\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR, or +\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-new\-name\fR\ \&\fINEW_GROUP\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the group will be changed from +\fIGROUP\fR +to +\fINEW_GROUP\fR +name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +When used with the +\fB\-g\fR +option, allow to change the group +\fIGID\fR +to a non\-unique value\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +The encrypted password, as returned by +\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Вы должны проверить, что пароль соответствует политике системных паролей\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR +.RS 4 +A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&. +.sp +The default behavior (if the +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, and +\fB\-U\fR +options are not specified) is defined by the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ" +.PP +The +\fBgroupmod\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +E_SUCCESS: success +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +E_USAGE: invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +E_GRP_UPDATE: can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI11\fR +.RS 4 +E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can\*(Aqt setup cleanup service +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +E_PAM_USERNAME: can\*(Aqt determine your username for use with pam +.RE +.PP +\fI13\fR +.RS 4 +E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man8/grpck.8 b/man/ru/man8/grpck.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1d2c194 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/grpck.8 @@ -0,0 +1,240 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: grpck +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Команды управления системой +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "grpck" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +grpck \- проверяет корректность файлов групп +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBgrpck\fR\ 'u +\fBgrpck\fR [параметры] [\fIгруппа\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]] +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBgrpck\fR +command verifies the integrity of the groups information\&. It checks that all entries in +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow +have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&. +.PP +Выполняются следующие проверки: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +правильное количество полей +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +уникальность и корректность имени группы +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a valid group identifier +(/etc/group only) +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a valid list of members +and administrators +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +a corresponding entry in the +/etc/gshadow +file (respectively +/etc/group +for the +gshadow +checks) +.RE +.PP +The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal\&. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the +\fBgroupmod\fR +command to correct the error\&. +.PP +The commands which operate on the +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow files +are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&. +\fBgrpck\fR +should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR +and +\fB\-s\fR +options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBgrpck\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR +.RS 4 +Execute the +\fBgrpck\fR +command in read\-only mode\&. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered +\fIno\fR +without user intervention\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR +.RS 4 +Sort entries in +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow +by GID\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-silence\-warnings\fR +.RS 4 +Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about inconsistency between group members listed in +/etc/group +and +/etc/ghadow\&. +.RE +.PP +By default, +\fBgrpck\fR +operates on +/etc/group +and /etc/gshadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the +\fIgroup\fR +and \fIshadow\fR parameters\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ" +.PP +The +\fBgrpck\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +one or more bad group entries +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt open group files +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt lock group files +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group files +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBgshadow\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBpwck\fR(8), +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man8/grpconv.8 b/man/ru/man8/grpconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/grpconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/ru/man8/grpunconv.8 b/man/ru/man8/grpunconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/grpunconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/ru/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/ru/man8/lastlog.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c3bd8f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/lastlog.8 @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: lastlog +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Команды управления системой +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "lastlog" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +lastlog \- выводит отчёт о последней регистрации в системе всех или указанного пользователя +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBlastlog\fR\ 'u +\fBlastlog\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +\fBlastlog\fR +formats and prints the contents of the last login log +/var/log/lastlog +file\&. The +\fIlogin\-name\fR, +\fIport\fR, and +\fIlast login time\fR +will be printed\&. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in +/etc/passwd\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBlastlog\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-before\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Print only lastlog records older than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-clear\fR +.RS 4 +Clear lastlog record of a user\&. This option can be used only together with +\fB\-u\fR +(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-set\fR +.RS 4 +Set lastlog record of a user to the current time\&. This option can be used only together with +\fB\-u\fR +(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR +.RS 4 +Print the lastlog records more recent than +\fIDAYS\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR +.RS 4 +Показать запись lastlog только для указанного пользователя(ей)\&. +.sp +The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a +\fIRANGE\fR +of users\&. This +\fIRANGE\fR +of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&. +.RE +.PP +If the user has never logged in the message +\fI** Never logged in**\fR +will be displayed instead of the port and time\&. +.PP +Будут показаны записи только для пользователей, имеющих в системе данный момент\&. В журнале могут существовать записи для удалённых ранее пользователей\&. +.SH "ЗАМЕЧАНИЕ" +.PP +The +lastlog +file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user\&. You should not rotate it\&. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by "\fBls \-l\fR" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in +passwd +users with a high UID)\&. You can display its real size with "\fBls \-s\fR"\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/var/log/lastlog +.RS 4 +содержит список завершённых сеансов работы с системой +.RE +.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ" +.PP +Большие промежутки в значениях идентификаторов пользователей приводят к тому, что программа некоторое время ничего не выводит на экран (то есть, если в базе данных lastlog нет пользователей с идентификаторами с 170 по 800, то во время обработки UID с 171 по 799 программа кажется повисшей)\&. +.PP +Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the +<term> /var/log/lastlog</term> +with external tools\&. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by default and may require a specific option to handle them\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/ru/man8/logoutd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa64db1 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/logoutd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: logoutd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Команды управления системой +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "logoutd" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +logoutd \- контролирует временные интервалы работы в системе +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u +\fBlogoutd\fR +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +\fBlogoutd\fR +enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in +/etc/porttime\&. +\fBlogoutd\fR +should be started from +/etc/rc\&. The +/var/run/utmp +file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time\&. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in +/etc/porttime +is terminated\&. +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/porttime +.RS 4 +содержит разрешённое время работы определённых пользователей с определённых портов +.RE +.PP +/var/run/utmp +.RS 4 +содержит список работающих сеансов в системе +.RE diff --git a/man/ru/man8/newusers.8 b/man/ru/man8/newusers.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e7ab6cb --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/newusers.8 @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: newusers +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Команды управления системой +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "newusers" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +newusers \- обновляет и создаёт новые учётные записи пользователей в пакетном режиме +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBnewusers\fR\ 'u +\fBnewusers\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] [\fIфайл\fR] +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBnewusers\fR +command reads a +\fIfile\fR +(or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users\&. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see +\fBpasswd\fR(5)) with the exceptions explained below: +.PP +pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell +.PP +\fIpw_name\fR +.RS 4 +Имя пользователя\&. +.sp +It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by +\fBnewusers\fR)\&. In case of an existing user, the user\*(Aqs information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_passwd\fR +.RS 4 +Это поле будет зашифровано и использовано как новое значение шифрованного пароля\&. +.RE +.PP +\fI pw_gid\fR +.RS 4 +Это поле используется для определения UID пользователя\&. +.sp +If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by +\fBnewusers\fR\&. +.sp +Если в этом поле указано число, то оно будет использовано в качестве UID\&. +.sp +If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by +\fBnewusers\fR), the UID of the specified user will be used\&. +.sp +Если изменяется UID существующего пользователя, то у файлов, которыми владел этот пользователь, нужно вручную переопределить владельца\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_gid\fR +.RS 4 +Это поле используется для определения ID первичной группы пользователя\&. +.sp +If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by +\fBnewusers\fR), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user\&. +.sp +Если в этом поле содержится число, то это число будет использовано как ID первичной группы пользователя\&. Если с таким GID не существует, то будет создана новая группа с этим GID и именем пользователя\&. +.sp +If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by +\fBnewusers\fR +to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group\&. +.sp +If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by +\fBnewusers\fR), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by +\fBnewusers\fR +to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_gecos\fR +.RS 4 +Это поле копируется в поле GECOS записи пользователя\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_dir\fR +.RS 4 +Это поле используется для определения домашнего каталога пользователя\&. +.sp +If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group\&. Note that +\fInewusers does not create parent directories \fR +of the new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr informing the user of the failure\&. The newusers command will not halt or return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified\&. +.sp +If the home directory of an existing user is changed, +\fBnewusers\fR +does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location\&. This should be done manually\&. +.RE +.PP +\fIpw_shell\fR +.RS 4 +В этом поле задаётся пользовательская оболочка\&. Никаких проверок поля не делается\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBnewusers\fR +first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases\&. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases\&. +.PP +Данная команда предназначена для работы в крупных системных средах, где за один раз обновляется несколько учётных записей\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBnewusers\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \& +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR +.RS 4 +Использовать указанный метод для шифрования паролей\&. +.sp +Возможные методы: DES, MD5, NONE и SHA256 или SHA512, если эти методы поддерживается libc\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +Создать системную учётную запись\&. +.sp +System users will be created with no aging information in +/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +login\&.defs, instead of +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR +(and their +\fBGID\fR +counterparts for the creation of groups)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR +.RS 4 +Использовать указанное количество раундов шифрования паролей\&. +.sp +Значение 0 означает, что система выберет количество раундов по умолчанию для выбранного метода шифрования (5000)\&. +.sp +Минимальное значение равно 1000, а максимальное значение равно 999,999,999\&. +.sp +Вы можете использовать этот параметр только при методе шифрования SHA256 или SHA512\&. +.sp +By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ" +.PP +Файл с входными данными должен быть защищён, так как в нём содержатся не шифрованные пароли\&. +.PP +Вы должны проверить, что пароль и метод шифрования соответствует политике системных паролей\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: + + + + + +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man8/nologin.8 b/man/ru/man8/nologin.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ec0d03 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/nologin.8 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: nologin +.\" Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net> +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Команды управления системой +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "nologin" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +nologin \- вежливо отказывает во входе в систему +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBnologin\fR\ 'u +\fBnologin\fR +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBnologin\fR +command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non\-zero\&. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled\&. +.PP +To disable all logins, investigate +\fBnologin\fR(5)\&. +.PP +If +\fBSSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND\fR +is populated it will be logged\&. +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBnologin\fR(5)\&. +.SH "ИСТОРИЯ" +.PP +The +\fBnologin\fR +command appeared in BSD 4\&.4\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man8/pwck.8 b/man/ru/man8/pwck.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2866d4f --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/pwck.8 @@ -0,0 +1,314 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: pwck +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Команды управления системой +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "pwck" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +pwck \- verify the integrity of password files +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBpwck\fR\ 'u +\fBpwck\fR [параметры] [\fIPASSWORDFILE\fR\ [\ \fISHADOWFILE\fR\ ]] +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBpwck\fR +command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information\&. It checks that all entries in +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/shadow +have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&. +.PP +Выполняются следующие проверки: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +правильное количество полей +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +уникальность и корректность имени пользователя +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +корректность идентификатора пользователя и группы +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +корректность первичной группы +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +корректность домашнего каталога +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +корректность регистрационной оболочки +.RE +.PP +Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file parameter +\fISHADOWFILE\fR +is specified or when +/etc/shadow +exists on the system\&. +.PP +Выполняются следующие проверки: +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +что каждая запись passwd имеет соответствующую запись shadow и каждая запись shadow имеет соответствующую запись passwd +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +пароли указаны в теневом файле +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +записи shadow содержат корректное количество полей +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +записи shadow уникальны в shadow +.RE +.sp +.RS 4 +.ie n \{\ +\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c +.\} +.el \{\ +.sp -1 +.IP \(bu 2.3 +.\} +дата последней смены пароля не находится в будущем +.RE +.PP +The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal\&. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the +\fBusermod\fR +command to correct the error\&. +.PP +The commands which operate on the +/etc/passwd +file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&. +\fBpwck\fR +should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The +\fB\-r\fR +and +\fB\-s\fR +options cannot be combined\&. +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBpwck\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \& +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Сообщать только об ошибках\&. Предупреждения, которые не требуют от пользователя никаких действий, показаны не будут\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR +.RS 4 +Execute the +\fBpwck\fR +command in read\-only mode\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR +.RS 4 +Sort entries in +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/shadow +by UID\&. +.RE +.PP +By default, +\fBpwck\fR +operates on the files +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/shadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the +\fIpasswd\fR +and +\fIshadow\fR +parameters\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях +.RE +.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ" +.PP +The +\fBpwck\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +one or more bad password entries +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt open password files +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt lock password files +.RE +.PP +\fI5\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password files +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt sort password files +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBpasswd\fR(5), +\fBshadow\fR(5), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man8/pwconv.8 b/man/ru/man8/pwconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..edc5618 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/pwconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: pwconv +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Команды управления системой +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "pwconv" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- преобразует пароли пользователей и групп в/из защищённую форму +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBpwconv\fR\ 'u +\fBpwconv\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] +.HP \w'\fBpwunconv\fR\ 'u +\fBpwunconv\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] +.HP \w'\fBgrpconv\fR\ 'u +\fBgrpconv\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] +.HP \w'\fBgrpunconv\fR\ 'u +\fBgrpunconv\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBpwconv\fR +command creates +\fIshadow\fR +from +\fIpasswd\fR +and an optionally existing +\fIshadow\fR\&. +.PP +The +\fBpwunconv\fR +command creates +\fIpasswd\fR +from +\fIpasswd\fR +and +\fIshadow\fR +and then removes +\fIshadow\fR\&. +.PP +The +\fBgrpconv\fR +command creates +\fIgshadow\fR +from +\fIgroup\fR +and an optionally existing +\fIgshadow\fR\&. +.PP +The +\fBgrpunconv\fR +command creates +\fIgroup\fR +from +\fIgroup\fR +and +\fIgshadow\fR +and then removes +\fIgshadow\fR\&. +.PP +These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files: +/etc/passwd, +/etc/group, +/etc/shadow, and +/etc/gshadow\&. +.PP +Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion\&. +\fBpwconv\fR +and +\fBgrpconv\fR +are similar\&. First, entries in the shadowed file which don\*(Aqt exist in the main file are removed\&. Then, shadowed entries which don\*(Aqt have `x\*(Aq as the password in the main file are updated\&. Any missing shadowed entries are added\&. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x\*(Aq\&. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand\&. +.PP +\fBpwconv\fR +will use the values of +\fIPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR, +\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, and +\fIPASS_WARN_AGE\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs +when adding new entries to +/etc/shadow\&. +.PP +Likewise +\fBpwunconv\fR +and +\fBgrpunconv\fR +are similar\&. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file\&. Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone\&. Finally, the shadowed file is removed\&. Some password aging information is lost by +\fBpwunconv\fR\&. It will convert what it can\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBpwconv\fR, +\fBpwunconv\fR, +\fBgrpconv\fR, and +\fBgrpunconv\fR +commands are: +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.SH "ОШИБКИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ" +.PP +Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways\&. Please run +\fBpwck\fR +and +\fBgrpck\fR +to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variable in +/etc/login\&.defs +changes the behavior of +\fBgrpconv\fR +and +\fBgrpunconv\fR: +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of +\fBpwconv\fR: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBgrpck\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBpwck\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man8/pwunconv.8 b/man/ru/man8/pwunconv.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eed9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/pwunconv.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/pwconv.8 diff --git a/man/ru/man8/sulogin.8 b/man/ru/man8/sulogin.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f0620a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/sulogin.8 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: sulogin +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Команды управления системой +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "sulogin" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +sulogin \- Single\-user login +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.PP +\fBsulogin\fR +[\fItty\-device\fR] +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBsulogin\fR +command is invoked by +\fBinit\fR +prior to allowing the user access to the system when in single user mode\&. This feature may only be available on certain systems where +\fBinit\fR +has been modified accordingly, or where the +/etc/inittab +has an entry for a single user login\&. +.PP +The user is prompted +.PP +Type control\-d to proceed with normal startup, +(or give root password for system maintenance): +.PP +Input and output will be performed with the standard file descriptors unless the optional device name argument is provided\&. +.PP +If the user enters the correct root password, a login session is initiated\&. When +\fIEOF\fR +is pressed instead, the system enters multi\-user mode\&. +.PP +After the user exits the single\-user shell, or presses +\fIEOF\fR, the system begins the initialization process required to enter multi\-user mode\&. +.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ" +.PP +This command can only be used if +\fBinit\fR +has been modified to call +\fBsulogin\fR +instead of +/bin/sh, or if the user has set the +\fIinittab\fR +to support a single user login\&. For example, the line: +.PP +co:s:respawn:/etc/sulogin /dev/console +.PP +should execute the sulogin command in single user mode\&. +.PP +As complete an environment as possible is created\&. However, various devices may be unmounted or uninitialized and many of the user commands may be unavailable or nonfunctional as a result\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBlogin\fR(1), +\fBsh\fR(1), +\fBinit\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man8/useradd.8 b/man/ru/man8/useradd.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..94559cb --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/useradd.8 @@ -0,0 +1,607 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: useradd +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Команды управления системой +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "useradd" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +useradd \- регистрирует нового пользователя или изменяет информацию по умолчанию о новых пользователях +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] \fIУЧЁТНАЯ_ЗАПИСЬ\fR +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR \-D +.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u +\fBuseradd\fR \-D [\fIпараметры\fR] +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +When invoked without the +\fB\-D\fR +option, the +\fBuseradd\fR +command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. Depending on command line options, the +\fBuseradd\fR +command will update system files and may also create the new user\*(Aqs home directory and copy initial files\&. +.PP +By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, +\fB\-U\fR, and +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR)\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBuseradd\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \& +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The default base directory for the system if +\fB\-d\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +is not specified\&. +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory\&. +.sp +If this option is not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the base directory specified by the +\fBHOME\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or +/home +by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR +.RS 4 +Any text string\&. It is generally a short description of the account, and is currently used as the field for the user\*(Aqs full name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\-dir\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The new user will be created using +\fIHOME_DIR\fR +as the value for the user\*(Aqs login directory\&. The default is to append the +\fILOGIN\fR +name to +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +and use that as the login directory name\&. If the directory +\fIHOME_DIR\fR +does not exist, then it will be created unless the +\fB\-M\fR +option is specified\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-defaults\fR +.RS 4 +Смотрите далее в подразделе \(FoИзменение значений по умолчанию\(Fc\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format +\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. +.sp +If not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the default expiry date specified by the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. The value is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See +\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&. +.sp +If not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will use the default inactivity period specified by the +\fBINACTIVE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or \-1 by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subids\-for\-system\fR +.RS 4 +Update +/etc/subuid +and +/etc/subgid +even when creating a system account with +\fB\-r\fR +option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +The name or the number of the user\*(Aqs primary group\&. The group name must exist\&. A group number must refer to an already existing group\&. +.sp +If not specified, the behavior of +\fBuseradd\fR +will depend on the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. If this variable is set to +\fIyes\fR +(or +\fB\-U/\-\-user\-group\fR +is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname\&. If the variable is set to +\fIno\fR +(or +\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR +is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd, or 1000 by default\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]] +.RS 4 +A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the +\fB\-g\fR +option\&. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-skel\fR\ \&\fISKEL_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user\*(Aqs home directory, when the home directory is created by +\fBuseradd\fR\&. +.sp +This option is only valid if the +\fB\-m\fR +(or +\fB\-\-create\-home\fR) option is specified\&. +.sp +If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the +\fBSKEL\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd +or, by default, +/etc/skel\&. +.sp +Если возможно, выполняется копирование ACL и расширенных атрибутов\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR +.RS 4 +Overrides +/etc/login\&.defs +defaults (\fBUID_MIN\fR, +\fBUID_MAX\fR, +\fBUMASK\fR, +\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR +and others)\&. +.sp +Example: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS \fR=\fI\-1\fR +can be used when creating an account to turn off password aging\&. Multiple +\fB\-K\fR +options can be specified, e\&.g\&.: +\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MIN\fR +=\fI100\fR\ \&\fB\-K\fR\ \& +\fIUID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-no\-log\-init\fR +.RS 4 +Не добавлять пользователя в базы данных lastlog и faillog\&. +.sp +By default, the user\*(Aqs entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user\&. +.sp +If this option is not specified, +\fBuseradd\fR +will also consult the variable +\fBLOG_INIT\fR +in the +/etc/default/useradd +if set to no the user will not be added to the lastlog and faillog databases\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-create\-home\fR +.RS 4 +Create the user\*(Aqs home directory if it does not exist\&. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the +\fB\-k\fR +option) will be copied to the home directory\&. +.sp +By default, if this option is not specified and +\fBCREATE_HOME\fR +is not enabled, no home directories are created\&. +.sp +The directory where the user\*(Aqs home directory is created must exist and have proper SELinux context and permissions\&. Otherwise the user\*(Aqs home directory cannot be created or accessed\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-no\-create\-home\fR +.RS 4 +Do not create the user\*(Aqs home directory, even if the system wide setting from +/etc/login\&.defs +(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR) is set to +\fIyes\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-no\-user\-group\fR +.RS 4 +Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the +\fB\-g\fR +option or by the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.sp +The default behavior (if the +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, and +\fB\-U\fR +options are not specified) is defined by the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID\&. +.sp +This option is only valid in combination with the +\fB\-u\fR +option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +defines an initial password for the account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by +\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&. Within a shell script, this option allows to create efficiently batches of users\&. +.sp +Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of +/etc/shadow\&. This is a state where the user won\*(Aqt be able to access the account or to define a password himself\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fRAvoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Вы должны проверить, что пароль соответствует политике системных паролей\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR +.RS 4 +Создать системную учётную запись\&. +.sp +System users will be created with no aging information in +/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +range, defined in +/etc/login\&.defs, instead of +\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR +(and their +\fBGID\fR +counterparts for the creation of groups)\&. +.sp +Note that +\fBuseradd\fR +will not create a home directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting in +/etc/login\&.defs +(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR)\&. You have to specify the +\fB\-m\fR +options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created\&. +.sp +Note that this option will not update +/etc/subuid +and +/etc/subgid\&. You have to specify the +\fB\-F\fR +options if you want to update the files for a system account to be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +sets the path to the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. Without this option, the system will use the +\fBSHELL\fR +variable specified in +/etc/default/useradd, or, if that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in +/etc/passwd +remains empty\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR +.RS 4 +The numerical value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to +\fBUID_MIN\fR +and greater than every other user\&. +.sp +See also the +\fB\-r\fR +option and the +\fBUID_MAX\fR +description\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-user\-group\fR +.RS 4 +Создать группу с тем же именем что и у пользователя, и добавить пользователя в эту группу\&. +.sp +The default behavior (if the +\fB\-g\fR, +\fB\-N\fR, and +\fB\-U\fR +options are not specified) is defined by the +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +variable in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR +.RS 4 +defines the SELinux user for the new account\&. Without this option, a SELinux uses the default user\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses +\fBsemanage\fR(8) +for that\&. +.RE +.SS "Изменение значений по умолчанию" +.PP +When invoked with only the +\fB\-D\fR +option, +\fBuseradd\fR +will display the current default values\&. When invoked with +\fB\-D\fR +plus other options, +\fBuseradd\fR +will update the default values for the specified options\&. Valid default\-changing options are: +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +sets the path prefix for a new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The user\*(Aqs name will be affixed to the end of +\fIBASE_DIR\fR +to form the new user\*(Aqs home directory name, if the +\fB\-d\fR +option is not used when creating a new account\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBHOME\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. See +\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBINACTIVE\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group names or a numerical group ID\&. The named group must exist, and the GID must have an existing entry\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBGROUP\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +defines the default login shell for new users\&. +.sp +This option sets the +\fBSHELL\fR +variable in +/etc/default/useradd\&. +.RE +.SH "ЗАМЕЧАНИЯ" +.PP +The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the +/etc/skel/ +directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in +/etc/default/useradd +or on the command line)\&. +.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ" +.PP +Нельзя добавить пользователя в группу NIS или LDAP\&. Это необходимо делать на соответствующем сервере\&. +.PP +Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP, +\fBuseradd\fR +will deny the user account creation request\&. +.PP +Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the username\&. Fully numeric usernames and usernames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&. It is not recommended to use usernames beginning with \&. character as their home directories will be hidden in the +\fBls\fR +output\&. +.PP +Имена пользователей могут быть длиной не более 32 знаков\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/default/useradd +.RS 4 +значения по умолчанию для создаваемой учётной записи +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-post\&.d/* +.RS 4 +Run\-part files to execute during user addition\&. The environment variable +\fBACTION\fR +will be populated with useradd and +\fBSUBJECT\fR +with the +\fBusername\fR\&. +useradd\-pre\&.d +will be executed prior to any user addition\&. +useradd\-post\&.d +will execute after user addition\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/skel/ +.RS 4 +каталог, содержащий файлы по умолчанию +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей +.RE +.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ" +.PP +The +\fBuseradd\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password file +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI3\fR +.RS 4 +invalid argument to option +.RE +.PP +\fI4\fR +.RS 4 +UID already in use (and no +\fB\-o\fR) +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI9\fR +.RS 4 +username or group name already in use +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt create home directory +.RE +.PP +\fI14\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update SELinux user mapping +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBnewusers\fR(8), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuserdel\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man8/userdel.8 b/man/ru/man8/userdel.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1103268 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/userdel.8 @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: userdel +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Команды управления системой +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "userdel" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +userdel \- удаляет учётную запись и файлы пользователя +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBuserdel\fR\ 'u +\fBuserdel\fR [параметры] \fIУЧЁТНАЯ_ЗАПИСЬ\fR +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBuserdel\fR +command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name +\fILOGIN\fR\&. The named user must exist\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBuserdel\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR +.RS 4 +This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is still logged in\&. It also forces +\fBuserdel\fR +to remove the user\*(Aqs home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user\&. If +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +is defined to +\fIyes\fR +in +/etc/login\&.defs +and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user\&. +.sp +\fINote:\fR +This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR +.RS 4 +Файлы в домашнем каталоге пользователя будут удалены вместе с самим домашним каталогом и почтовым ящиком\&. Пользовательские файлы, расположенные в других файловых системах, нужно искать и удалять вручную\&. +.sp +The mail spool is defined by the +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR +variable in the +login\&.defs +file\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR +.RS 4 +Удаляет все пользовательские сопоставления SELinux для учётной записи пользователя\&. +.RE +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-post\&.d/* +.RS 4 +Run\-part files to execute during user deletion\&. The environment variable +\fBACTION\fR +will be populated with +\fBuserdel\fR +and +\fBSUBJECT\fR +with the username\&. +userdel\-pre\&.d +will be executed prior to any user deletion\&. +userdel\-post\&.d +will execute after user deletion\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs\&. +.RE +.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ" +.PP +The +\fBuserdel\fR +command exits with the following values: +.PP +\fI0\fR +.RS 4 +success +.RE +.PP +\fI1\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update password file +.RE +.PP +\fI2\fR +.RS 4 +invalid command syntax +.RE +.PP +\fI6\fR +.RS 4 +specified user doesn\*(Aqt exist +.RE +.PP +\fI8\fR +.RS 4 +user currently logged in +.RE +.PP +\fI10\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt update group file +.RE +.PP +\fI12\fR +.RS 4 +can\*(Aqt remove home directory +.RE +.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ" +.PP +\fBuserdel\fR +will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account\&. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user\*(Aqs password or account and remove the account later\&. The +\fB\-f\fR +option can force the deletion of this account\&. +.PP +Вы должны вручную проверить все файловые системы, чтобы убедиться, что не осталось файлов, принадлежащих этому пользователю\&. +.PP +Нельзя удалить NIS атрибуты клиента NIS\&. Это необходимо сделать на NIS сервере\&. +.PP +If +\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR +is defined to +\fIyes\fR +in +/etc/login\&.defs, +\fBuserdel\fR +will delete the group with the same name as the user\&. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, +\fBuserdel\fR +will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise\&. The +\fB\-f\fR +option can force the deletion of this group\&. +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBusermod\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man8/usermod.8 b/man/ru/man8/usermod.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..232977c --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/usermod.8 @@ -0,0 +1,379 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: usermod +.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Команды управления системой +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "usermod" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +usermod \- изменяет учётную запись пользователя +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u +\fBusermod\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] \fIУЧЁТНАЯ_ЗАПИСЬ\fR +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBusermod\fR +command modifies the system account files\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBusermod\fR +command are: +.PP +\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR +.RS 4 +Add the user to the supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the +\fB\-G\fR +option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badname\fR +.RS 4 +Allow names that do not conform to standards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR +.RS 4 +update the comment field of the user in +/etc/passwd, which is normally modified using the +\fBchfn\fR(1) +utility\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Домашний каталог нового пользователя\&. +.sp +If the +\fB\-m\fR +option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +.RS 4 +The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format +\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. Integers as input are interpreted as days after 1970\-01\-01\&. +.sp +An input of \-1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in the shadow password file\&. The account will remain available with no date limit\&. +.sp +This option requires a +/etc/shadow +file\&. A +/etc/shadow +entry will be created if there were none\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR +.RS 4 +defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password\&. This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See +\fBshadow\fR(5) +for more information\&. +.sp +This option requires a +/etc/shadow +file\&. A +/etc/shadow +entry will be created if there were none\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR +.RS 4 +The name or numerical ID of the user\*(Aqs new primary group\&. The group must exist\&. +.sp +Все файлы в домашнем каталоге пользователя, принадлежавшие предыдущей первичной группе пользователя, будут принадлежать новой группе\&. +.sp +Группового владельца файлов вне домашнего каталога нужно изменить вручную\&. +.sp +The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as +/\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]] +.RS 4 +A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups must exist\&. +.sp +If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group\&. This behaviour can be changed via the +\fB\-a\fR +option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR\ \&\fINEW_LOGIN\fR +.RS 4 +The name of the user will be changed from +\fILOGIN\fR +to +\fINEW_LOGIN\fR\&. Nothing else is changed\&. In particular, the user\*(Aqs home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR +.RS 4 +Lock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This puts a \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with +\fB\-p\fR +or +\fB\-U\fR\&. +.sp +Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +to +\fI1\fR\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR +.RS 4 +moves the content of the user\*(Aqs home directory to the new location\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&. +.sp +This option is only valid in combination with the +\fB\-d\fR +(or +\fB\-\-home\fR) option\&. +.sp +\fBusermod\fR +will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR +.RS 4 +allows to change the user ID to a non\-unique value\&. +.sp +This option is only valid in combination with the +\fB\-u\fR +option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR +.RS 4 +defines a new password for the user\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by +\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&. +.sp +\fBNote:\fR +Avoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&. +.sp +Вы должны проверить, что пароль соответствует политике системных паролей\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR +.RS 4 +Remove the user from named supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the +\fB\-G\fR +option\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes within the directory tree starting with +\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR +and use as well the configuration files located there\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR +.RS 4 +changes the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field in +/etc/passwd +and logs the user into the system\*(Aqs default shell\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR +.RS 4 +The new value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. +.sp +This value must be unique, unless the +\fB\-o\fR +option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. +.sp +Для почтового ящика и всех файлов, которыми владеет пользователь и которые расположены в его домашнем каталоге, идентификатор владельца файла будет изменён автоматически\&. +.sp +Для файлов, расположенных вне домашнего каталога, идентификатор нужно изменять вручную\&. +.sp +The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as +/\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to the +\fBUID_MIN\fR, +\fBUID_MAX\fR, +\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR, or +\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR +from +/etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR +.RS 4 +Unlock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This removes the \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with +\fB\-p\fR +or +\fB\-L\fR\&. +.sp +Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the +\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR +(for example to +\fI99999\fR, or to the +\fBEXPIRE\fR +value from +/etc/default/useradd)\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Add a range of subordinate uids to the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both +\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR +and +\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR +are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Add a range of subordinate gids to the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR +.RS 4 +Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user\*(Aqs account\&. +.sp +This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both +\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR +and +\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR +are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added\&. +.sp +No checks will be performed with regard to +\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR, +\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or +\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR +from /etc/login\&.defs\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR +.RS 4 +defines the SELinux user to be mapped with +\fILOGIN\fR\&. An empty string ("") will remove the respective entry (if any)\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses semanage(8) for that\&. +.RE +.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ" +.PP +You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user\*(Aqs numerical user ID, the user\*(Aqs name, or the user\*(Aqs home directory is being changed\&. +\fBusermod\fR +checks this on Linux\&. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in\&. +.PP +You must change the owner of any +\fBcrontab\fR +files or +\fBat\fR +jobs manually\&. +.PP +Вы должны сделать все изменения NIS на сервере NIS самостоятельно\&. +.SH "НАСТРОЙКА" +.PP +The following configuration variables in +/etc/login\&.defs +change the behavior of this tool: +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +Group account information +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +Secure group account informatio\&. +.RE +.PP +/etc/login\&.defs +.RS 4 +Shadow password suite configuration +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +User account information +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +Secure user account information +.RE +.PP +/etc/subgid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate group IDs +.RE +.PP +/etc/subuid +.RS 4 +Per user subordinate user IDs +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBchfn\fR(1), +\fBchsh\fR(1), +\fBpasswd\fR(1), +\fBcrypt\fR(3), +\fBgpasswd\fR(8), +\fBgroupadd\fR(8), +\fBgroupdel\fR(8), +\fBgroupmod\fR(8), +\fBlogin.defs\fR(5), +\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5), +\fBuseradd\fR(8), +\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/man/ru/man8/vigr.8 b/man/ru/man8/vigr.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff72d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/vigr.8 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.so man8/vipw.8 diff --git a/man/ru/man8/vipw.8 b/man/ru/man8/vipw.8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..723fd50 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/ru/man8/vipw.8 @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +'\" t +.\" Title: vipw +.\" Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/> +.\" Date: 11/08/2022 +.\" Manual: Команды управления системой +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13 +.\" Language: Russian +.\" +.TH "vipw" "8" "11/08/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Команды управления системой" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" disable hyphenation +.nh +.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) +.ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ" +vipw, vigr \- позволяют редактировать файлы паролей, групп, теневых паролей пользователей или групп\&. +.SH "СИНТАКСИС" +.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u +\fBvipw\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] +.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u +\fBvigr\fR [\fIпараметры\fR] +.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ" +.PP +The +\fBvipw\fR +and +\fBvigr\fR +commands edits the files +/etc/passwd +and +/etc/group, respectively\&. With the +\fB\-s\fR +flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files, +/etc/shadow +and +/etc/gshadow, respectively\&. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption\&. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable +\fB$VISUAL\fR, then the environment variable +\fB$EDITOR\fR, and finally the default editor, +\fBvi\fR(1)\&. +.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ" +.PP +The options which apply to the +\fBvipw\fR +and +\fBvigr\fR +commands are: +.PP +\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR +.RS 4 +Редактировать базу данных групп\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR +.RS 4 +Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR +.RS 4 +Редактировать базу данных passwd\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR +.RS 4 +Не выводить сообщений при работе\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +.RS 4 +Apply changes in the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory and use the configuration files from the +\fICHROOT_DIR\fR +directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR +.RS 4 +Редактировать базу данных shadow или gshadow\&. +.RE +.SH "ОКРУЖЕНИЕ" +.PP +\fBVISUAL\fR +.RS 4 +Редактор, который будет вызван\&. +.RE +.PP +\fBEDITOR\fR +.RS 4 +Editor to be used if +\fBVISUAL\fR +is not set\&. +.RE +.SH "ФАЙЛЫ" +.PP +/etc/group +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/gshadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о группах +.RE +.PP +/etc/passwd +.RS 4 +содержит информацию о пользователях +.RE +.PP +/etc/shadow +.RS 4 +содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях +.RE +.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ" +.PP +\fBvi\fR(1), +\fBgroup\fR(5), +\fBgshadow\fR(5) +, +\fBpasswd\fR(5), , +\fBshadow\fR(5)\&. |