]> Julianne Frances Haugh Creation, 1991 Thomas Kłoczko kloczek@pld.org.pl shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 Nicolas François nicolas.francois@centraliens.net shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now groupadd 8 System Management Commands shadow-utils &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; groupadd create a new group groupadd OPTIONS NEWGROUP The groupadd command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed. Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the groupname. Fully numeric groupnames and groupnames . or .. are also disallowed. Groupnames may only be up to &GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH; characters long. The options which apply to the groupadd command are: -f, --force This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists. When used with -g, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. -g is turned off). -g, --gid GID The numerical value of the group's ID. GID must be unique, unless the -o option is used. The value must be non-negative. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to GID_MIN and greater than every other group. See also the -r option and the GID_MAX description. -h, --help Display help message and exit. -K, --key KEY=VALUE Overrides /etc/login.defs defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others). Multiple -K options can be specified. Example: -K GID_MIN=100  -K GID_MAX=499 Note: -K GID_MIN=10,GID_MAX=499 doesn't work yet. -o, --non-unique permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID. As a result, for this GID, the mapping towards group NEWGROUP may not be unique. -p, --password PASSWORD defines an initial password for the group account. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by crypt 3. Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths system account file /etc/group or /etc/gshadow. Note: This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes. You should make sure the password respects the system's password policy. -r, --system Create a system group. The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the SYS_GID_MIN-SYS_GID_MAX range, defined in login.defs, instead of GID_MIN-GID_MAX. -R, --root CHROOT_DIR Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR directory. Only absolute paths are supported. -P, --prefix PREFIX_DIR Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory PREFIX_DIR. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host files. No SELINUX support. -U, --users A list of usernames to add as members of the group. The default behavior (if the -g, -N, and -U options are not specified) is defined by the USERGROUPS_ENAB variable in /etc/login.defs. The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool: &GID_MAX; &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP; &SYS_GID_MAX; /etc/group Group account information. /etc/gshadow Secure group account information. /etc/login.defs Shadow password suite configuration. You may not add a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the corresponding server. If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP, groupadd will deny the group creation request. The groupadd command exits with the following values: 0 success 2 invalid command syntax 3 invalid argument to option 4 GID is already used (when called without -o) 9 group name is already used 10 can't update group file chfn1 , chsh1 , passwd1 , gpasswd8 , groupdel8 , groupmod8 , login.defs5 , useradd8 , userdel8 , usermod8 .