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'\" t
.\" Title: chpasswd
.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\" Date: 2022-11-08
.\" Manual: 系统管理命令
.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13
.\" Language: Chinese Simplified
.\"
.TH "CHPASSWD" "8" "2022-11-08" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "系统管理命令"
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * Define some portability stuff
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * set default formatting
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" disable hyphenation
.nh
.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
.ad l
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.SH "名称"
chpasswd \- 批量更新密码
.SH "大纲"
.HP \w'\fBchpasswd\fR\ 'u
\fBchpasswd\fR [\fI选项\fR]
.SH "描述"
.PP
The
\fBchpasswd\fR
command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users\&. Each line is of the format:
.PP
\fIuser_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
.PP
By default the passwords must be supplied in clear\-text, and are encrypted by
\fBchpasswd\fR\&. Also the password age will be updated, if present\&.
.PP
The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the
\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
or
\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
variables of
/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the
\fB\-e\fR,
\fB\-m\fR, or
\fB\-c\fR
options\&.
.PP
\fBchpasswd\fR
first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user\&.
.PP
此命令一般用于需要一次创建很多用户的大型系统。
.SH "选项"
.PP
The options which apply to the
\fBchpasswd\fR
command are:
.PP
\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR\ \&\fIMETHOD\fR
.RS 4
使用指定的方法加密密码。
.sp
可用的方法有 DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 或 SHA512，前提是您的 libc 支持这写方法。
.sp
By default (if none of the
\fB\-c\fR,
\fB\-m\fR, or
\fB\-e\fR
options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the
\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
or
\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
variables of
/etc/login\&.defs\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
.RS 4
提供的密码是已经加密了的
.RE
.PP
\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
.RS 4
显示帮助信息并退出。
.RE
.PP
\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
.RS 4
如果提供的密码没有加密，则使用 MD5 加密而不是 DES。
.RE
.PP
\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
.RS 4
Apply changes in the
\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
directory and use the configuration files from the
\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR\ \&\fIROUNDS\fR
.RS 4
使用指定次数的轮转来加密密码。
.sp
值 0 表示让系统为加密方法选择默认的轮转次数 (5000)。
.sp
会强制最小 1,000，最大 9,9999,9999
.sp
您只可以对 SHA256 或 SHA512 使用此选项。
.sp
By default, the number of rounds is defined by the
\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
and
\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
variables in
/etc/login\&.defs\&.
.RE
.SH "CAVEATS"
.PP
记住要设置权限或者掩码来阻止其它用户对未加密文件的读取。
.SH "配置文件"
.PP
The following configuration variables in
/etc/login\&.defs
change the behavior of this tool:
.SH "文件"
.PP
/etc/passwd
.RS 4
用户账户信息。
.RE
.PP
/etc/shadow
.RS 4
安全用户账户信息。
.RE
.PP
/etc/login\&.defs
.RS 4
Shadow 密码套件配置。
.RE
.SH "参见"
.PP
\fBpasswd\fR(1),
\fBnewusers\fR(8),
\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
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