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-rw-r--r--src/core/main.c3096
1 files changed, 3096 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/core/main.c b/src/core/main.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c4b464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3096 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <linux/oom.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#if HAVE_SECCOMP
+#include <seccomp.h>
+#endif
+#if HAVE_VALGRIND_VALGRIND_H
+#include <valgrind/valgrind.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+#include "sd-daemon.h"
+#include "sd-messages.h"
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "apparmor-setup.h"
+#include "architecture.h"
+#if HAVE_LIBBPF
+#include "bpf-lsm.h"
+#endif
+#include "build.h"
+#include "bus-error.h"
+#include "bus-util.h"
+#include "capability-util.h"
+#include "cgroup-util.h"
+#include "clock-util.h"
+#include "conf-parser.h"
+#include "cpu-set-util.h"
+#include "crash-handler.h"
+#include "dbus-manager.h"
+#include "dbus.h"
+#include "def.h"
+#include "dev-setup.h"
+#include "efi-random.h"
+#include "efivars.h"
+#include "emergency-action.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "exit-status.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fdset.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "format-util.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
+#include "hostname-setup.h"
+#include "ima-setup.h"
+#include "import-creds.h"
+#include "killall.h"
+#include "kmod-setup.h"
+#include "limits-util.h"
+#include "load-fragment.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "loopback-setup.h"
+#include "machine-id-setup.h"
+#include "main.h"
+#include "manager.h"
+#include "manager-dump.h"
+#include "manager-serialize.h"
+#include "mkdir-label.h"
+#include "mount-setup.h"
+#include "os-util.h"
+#include "pager.h"
+#include "parse-argument.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "pretty-print.h"
+#include "proc-cmdline.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "random-util.h"
+#include "rlimit-util.h"
+#if HAVE_SECCOMP
+#include "seccomp-util.h"
+#endif
+#include "selinux-setup.h"
+#include "selinux-util.h"
+#include "signal-util.h"
+#include "smack-setup.h"
+#include "special.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "switch-root.h"
+#include "sysctl-util.h"
+#include "terminal-util.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+#include "umask-util.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#include "virt.h"
+#include "watchdog.h"
+
+#if HAS_FEATURE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER
+#include <sanitizer/lsan_interface.h>
+#endif
+
+#define DEFAULT_TASKS_MAX ((TasksMax) { 15U, 100U }) /* 15% */
+
+static enum {
+ ACTION_RUN,
+ ACTION_HELP,
+ ACTION_VERSION,
+ ACTION_TEST,
+ ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
+ ACTION_DUMP_BUS_PROPERTIES,
+ ACTION_BUS_INTROSPECT,
+} arg_action = ACTION_RUN;
+
+static const char *arg_bus_introspect = NULL;
+
+/* Those variables are initialized to 0 automatically, so we avoid uninitialized memory access. Real
+ * defaults are assigned in reset_arguments() below. */
+static char *arg_default_unit;
+static bool arg_system;
+bool arg_dump_core;
+int arg_crash_chvt;
+bool arg_crash_shell;
+bool arg_crash_reboot;
+static char *arg_confirm_spawn;
+static ShowStatus arg_show_status;
+static StatusUnitFormat arg_status_unit_format;
+static bool arg_switched_root;
+static PagerFlags arg_pager_flags;
+static bool arg_service_watchdogs;
+static ExecOutput arg_default_std_output;
+static ExecOutput arg_default_std_error;
+static usec_t arg_default_restart_usec;
+static usec_t arg_default_timeout_start_usec;
+static usec_t arg_default_timeout_stop_usec;
+static usec_t arg_default_timeout_abort_usec;
+static usec_t arg_default_device_timeout_usec;
+static bool arg_default_timeout_abort_set;
+static usec_t arg_default_start_limit_interval;
+static unsigned arg_default_start_limit_burst;
+static usec_t arg_runtime_watchdog;
+static usec_t arg_reboot_watchdog;
+static usec_t arg_kexec_watchdog;
+static usec_t arg_pretimeout_watchdog;
+static char *arg_early_core_pattern;
+static char *arg_watchdog_pretimeout_governor;
+static char *arg_watchdog_device;
+static char **arg_default_environment;
+static char **arg_manager_environment;
+static struct rlimit *arg_default_rlimit[_RLIMIT_MAX];
+static uint64_t arg_capability_bounding_set;
+static bool arg_no_new_privs;
+static nsec_t arg_timer_slack_nsec;
+static usec_t arg_default_timer_accuracy_usec;
+static Set* arg_syscall_archs;
+static FILE* arg_serialization;
+static int arg_default_cpu_accounting;
+static bool arg_default_io_accounting;
+static bool arg_default_ip_accounting;
+static bool arg_default_blockio_accounting;
+static bool arg_default_memory_accounting;
+static bool arg_default_tasks_accounting;
+static TasksMax arg_default_tasks_max;
+static sd_id128_t arg_machine_id;
+static EmergencyAction arg_cad_burst_action;
+static OOMPolicy arg_default_oom_policy;
+static CPUSet arg_cpu_affinity;
+static NUMAPolicy arg_numa_policy;
+static usec_t arg_clock_usec;
+static void *arg_random_seed;
+static size_t arg_random_seed_size;
+static int arg_default_oom_score_adjust;
+static bool arg_default_oom_score_adjust_set;
+static char *arg_default_smack_process_label;
+
+/* A copy of the original environment block */
+static char **saved_env = NULL;
+
+static int parse_configuration(const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_nofile,
+ const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_memlock);
+
+static int manager_find_user_config_paths(char ***ret_files, char ***ret_dirs) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *base = NULL;
+ _cleanup_strv_free_ char **files = NULL, **dirs = NULL;
+ int r;
+
+ r = xdg_user_config_dir(&base, "/systemd");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = strv_extendf(&files, "%s/user.conf", base);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = strv_extend(&files, PKGSYSCONFDIR "/user.conf");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = strv_consume(&dirs, TAKE_PTR(base));
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = strv_extend_strv(&dirs, CONF_PATHS_STRV("systemd"), false);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ *ret_files = TAKE_PTR(files);
+ *ret_dirs = TAKE_PTR(dirs);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int console_setup(void) {
+ _cleanup_close_ int tty_fd = -1;
+ int r;
+
+ tty_fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+ if (tty_fd < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(tty_fd, "Failed to open /dev/console: %m");
+
+ /* We don't want to force text mode. plymouth may be showing
+ * pictures already from initrd. */
+ r = reset_terminal_fd(tty_fd, false);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to reset /dev/console: %m");
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int set_machine_id(const char *m) {
+ sd_id128_t t;
+ assert(m);
+
+ if (sd_id128_from_string(m, &t) < 0)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ if (sd_id128_is_null(t))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ arg_machine_id = t;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_proc_cmdline_item(const char *key, const char *value, void *data) {
+ int r;
+
+ assert(key);
+
+ if (STR_IN_SET(key, "systemd.unit", "rd.systemd.unit")) {
+
+ if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
+ return 0;
+
+ if (!unit_name_is_valid(value, UNIT_NAME_PLAIN|UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE))
+ log_warning("Unit name specified on %s= is not valid, ignoring: %s", key, value);
+ else if (in_initrd() == !!startswith(key, "rd."))
+ return free_and_strdup_warn(&arg_default_unit, value);
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.dump_core")) {
+
+ r = value ? parse_boolean(value) : true;
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse dump core switch %s, ignoring: %m", value);
+ else
+ arg_dump_core = r;
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.early_core_pattern")) {
+
+ if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
+ return 0;
+
+ if (path_is_absolute(value))
+ (void) parse_path_argument(value, false, &arg_early_core_pattern);
+ else
+ log_warning("Specified core pattern '%s' is not an absolute path, ignoring.", value);
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.crash_chvt")) {
+
+ if (!value)
+ arg_crash_chvt = 0; /* turn on */
+ else {
+ r = parse_crash_chvt(value, &arg_crash_chvt);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse crash chvt switch %s, ignoring: %m", value);
+ }
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.crash_shell")) {
+
+ r = value ? parse_boolean(value) : true;
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse crash shell switch %s, ignoring: %m", value);
+ else
+ arg_crash_shell = r;
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.crash_reboot")) {
+
+ r = value ? parse_boolean(value) : true;
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse crash reboot switch %s, ignoring: %m", value);
+ else
+ arg_crash_reboot = r;
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.confirm_spawn")) {
+ char *s;
+
+ r = parse_confirm_spawn(value, &s);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse confirm_spawn switch %s, ignoring: %m", value);
+ else
+ free_and_replace(arg_confirm_spawn, s);
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.service_watchdogs")) {
+
+ r = value ? parse_boolean(value) : true;
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse service watchdog switch %s, ignoring: %m", value);
+ else
+ arg_service_watchdogs = r;
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.show_status")) {
+
+ if (value) {
+ r = parse_show_status(value, &arg_show_status);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse show status switch %s, ignoring: %m", value);
+ } else
+ arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_YES;
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.status_unit_format")) {
+
+ if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
+ return 0;
+
+ r = status_unit_format_from_string(value);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse %s=%s, ignoring: %m", key, value);
+ else
+ arg_status_unit_format = r;
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.default_standard_output")) {
+
+ if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
+ return 0;
+
+ r = exec_output_from_string(value);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse default standard output switch %s, ignoring: %m", value);
+ else
+ arg_default_std_output = r;
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.default_standard_error")) {
+
+ if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
+ return 0;
+
+ r = exec_output_from_string(value);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse default standard error switch %s, ignoring: %m", value);
+ else
+ arg_default_std_error = r;
+
+ } else if (streq(key, "systemd.setenv")) {
+
+ if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
+ return 0;
+
+ if (!env_assignment_is_valid(value))
+ log_warning("Environment variable assignment '%s' is not valid. Ignoring.", value);
+ else {
+ r = strv_env_replace_strdup(&arg_default_environment, value);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+ }
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.machine_id")) {
+
+ if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
+ return 0;
+
+ r = set_machine_id(value);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "MachineID '%s' is not valid, ignoring: %m", value);
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.default_timeout_start_sec")) {
+
+ if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
+ return 0;
+
+ r = parse_sec(value, &arg_default_timeout_start_usec);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse default start timeout '%s', ignoring: %m", value);
+
+ if (arg_default_timeout_start_usec <= 0)
+ arg_default_timeout_start_usec = USEC_INFINITY;
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.cpu_affinity")) {
+
+ if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
+ return 0;
+
+ r = parse_cpu_set(value, &arg_cpu_affinity);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse CPU affinity mask '%s', ignoring: %m", value);
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.watchdog_device")) {
+
+ if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
+ return 0;
+
+ (void) parse_path_argument(value, false, &arg_watchdog_device);
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.watchdog_sec")) {
+
+ if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
+ return 0;
+
+ if (streq(value, "default"))
+ arg_runtime_watchdog = USEC_INFINITY;
+ else if (streq(value, "off"))
+ arg_runtime_watchdog = 0;
+ else {
+ r = parse_sec(value, &arg_runtime_watchdog);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse systemd.watchdog_sec= argument '%s', ignoring: %m", value);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+
+ arg_kexec_watchdog = arg_reboot_watchdog = arg_runtime_watchdog;
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.watchdog_pre_sec")) {
+
+ if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
+ return 0;
+
+ if (streq(value, "default"))
+ arg_pretimeout_watchdog = USEC_INFINITY;
+ else if (streq(value, "off"))
+ arg_pretimeout_watchdog = 0;
+ else {
+ r = parse_sec(value, &arg_pretimeout_watchdog);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse systemd.watchdog_pre_sec= argument '%s', ignoring: %m", value);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.watchdog_pretimeout_governor")) {
+
+ if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value) || isempty(value)) {
+ arg_watchdog_pretimeout_governor = mfree(arg_watchdog_pretimeout_governor);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ if (!string_is_safe(value)) {
+ log_warning("Watchdog pretimeout governor '%s' is not valid, ignoring.", value);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ return free_and_strdup_warn(&arg_watchdog_pretimeout_governor, value);
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.clock_usec")) {
+
+ if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
+ return 0;
+
+ r = safe_atou64(value, &arg_clock_usec);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse systemd.clock_usec= argument, ignoring: %s", value);
+
+ } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.random_seed")) {
+ void *p;
+ size_t sz;
+
+ if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
+ return 0;
+
+ r = unbase64mem(value, SIZE_MAX, &p, &sz);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse systemd.random_seed= argument, ignoring: %s", value);
+
+ free(arg_random_seed);
+ arg_random_seed = sz > 0 ? p : mfree(p);
+ arg_random_seed_size = sz;
+
+ } else if (streq(key, "quiet") && !value) {
+
+ if (arg_show_status == _SHOW_STATUS_INVALID)
+ arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_ERROR;
+
+ } else if (streq(key, "debug") && !value) {
+
+ /* Note that log_parse_environment() handles 'debug'
+ * too, and sets the log level to LOG_DEBUG. */
+
+ if (detect_container() > 0)
+ log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE);
+
+ } else if (!value) {
+ const char *target;
+
+ /* Compatible with SysV, but supported independently even if SysV compatibility is disabled. */
+ target = runlevel_to_target(key);
+ if (target)
+ return free_and_strdup_warn(&arg_default_unit, target);
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+#define DEFINE_SETTER(name, func, descr) \
+ static int name(const char *unit, \
+ const char *filename, \
+ unsigned line, \
+ const char *section, \
+ unsigned section_line, \
+ const char *lvalue, \
+ int ltype, \
+ const char *rvalue, \
+ void *data, \
+ void *userdata) { \
+ \
+ int r; \
+ \
+ assert(filename); \
+ assert(lvalue); \
+ assert(rvalue); \
+ \
+ r = func(rvalue); \
+ if (r < 0) \
+ log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, \
+ "Invalid " descr "'%s': %m", \
+ rvalue); \
+ \
+ return 0; \
+ }
+
+DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_level2, log_set_max_level_from_string, "log level");
+DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_target, log_set_target_from_string, "target");
+DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_color, log_show_color_from_string, "color");
+DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_location, log_show_location_from_string, "location");
+DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_time, log_show_time_from_string, "time");
+
+static int config_parse_default_timeout_abort(
+ const char *unit,
+ const char *filename,
+ unsigned line,
+ const char *section,
+ unsigned section_line,
+ const char *lvalue,
+ int ltype,
+ const char *rvalue,
+ void *data,
+ void *userdata) {
+ int r;
+
+ r = config_parse_timeout_abort(unit, filename, line, section, section_line, lvalue, ltype, rvalue,
+ &arg_default_timeout_abort_usec, userdata);
+ if (r >= 0)
+ arg_default_timeout_abort_set = r;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int config_parse_oom_score_adjust(
+ const char *unit,
+ const char *filename,
+ unsigned line,
+ const char *section,
+ unsigned section_line,
+ const char *lvalue,
+ int ltype,
+ const char *rvalue,
+ void *data,
+ void *userdata) {
+
+ int oa, r;
+
+ if (isempty(rvalue)) {
+ arg_default_oom_score_adjust_set = false;
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ r = parse_oom_score_adjust(rvalue, &oa);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse the OOM score adjust value '%s', ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ arg_default_oom_score_adjust = oa;
+ arg_default_oom_score_adjust_set = true;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_config_file(void) {
+ const ConfigTableItem items[] = {
+ { "Manager", "LogLevel", config_parse_level2, 0, NULL },
+ { "Manager", "LogTarget", config_parse_target, 0, NULL },
+ { "Manager", "LogColor", config_parse_color, 0, NULL },
+ { "Manager", "LogLocation", config_parse_location, 0, NULL },
+ { "Manager", "LogTime", config_parse_time, 0, NULL },
+ { "Manager", "DumpCore", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_dump_core },
+ { "Manager", "CrashChVT", /* legacy */ config_parse_crash_chvt, 0, &arg_crash_chvt },
+ { "Manager", "CrashChangeVT", config_parse_crash_chvt, 0, &arg_crash_chvt },
+ { "Manager", "CrashShell", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_crash_shell },
+ { "Manager", "CrashReboot", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_crash_reboot },
+ { "Manager", "ShowStatus", config_parse_show_status, 0, &arg_show_status },
+ { "Manager", "StatusUnitFormat", config_parse_status_unit_format, 0, &arg_status_unit_format },
+ { "Manager", "CPUAffinity", config_parse_cpu_affinity2, 0, &arg_cpu_affinity },
+ { "Manager", "NUMAPolicy", config_parse_numa_policy, 0, &arg_numa_policy.type },
+ { "Manager", "NUMAMask", config_parse_numa_mask, 0, &arg_numa_policy },
+ { "Manager", "JoinControllers", config_parse_warn_compat, DISABLED_CONFIGURATION, NULL },
+ { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogSec", config_parse_watchdog_sec, 0, &arg_runtime_watchdog },
+ { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogPreSec", config_parse_watchdog_sec, 0, &arg_pretimeout_watchdog },
+ { "Manager", "RebootWatchdogSec", config_parse_watchdog_sec, 0, &arg_reboot_watchdog },
+ { "Manager", "ShutdownWatchdogSec", config_parse_watchdog_sec, 0, &arg_reboot_watchdog }, /* obsolete alias */
+ { "Manager", "KExecWatchdogSec", config_parse_watchdog_sec, 0, &arg_kexec_watchdog },
+ { "Manager", "WatchdogDevice", config_parse_path, 0, &arg_watchdog_device },
+ { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogPreGovernor", config_parse_string, CONFIG_PARSE_STRING_SAFE, &arg_watchdog_pretimeout_governor },
+ { "Manager", "CapabilityBoundingSet", config_parse_capability_set, 0, &arg_capability_bounding_set },
+ { "Manager", "NoNewPrivileges", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_no_new_privs },
+#if HAVE_SECCOMP
+ { "Manager", "SystemCallArchitectures", config_parse_syscall_archs, 0, &arg_syscall_archs },
+#else
+ { "Manager", "SystemCallArchitectures", config_parse_warn_compat, DISABLED_CONFIGURATION, NULL },
+
+#endif
+ { "Manager", "TimerSlackNSec", config_parse_nsec, 0, &arg_timer_slack_nsec },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultTimerAccuracySec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_default_timer_accuracy_usec },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultStandardOutput", config_parse_output_restricted, 0, &arg_default_std_output },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultStandardError", config_parse_output_restricted, 0, &arg_default_std_error },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultTimeoutStartSec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_default_timeout_start_usec },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultTimeoutStopSec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_default_timeout_stop_usec },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultTimeoutAbortSec", config_parse_default_timeout_abort, 0, NULL },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultDeviceTimeoutSec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_default_device_timeout_usec },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultRestartSec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_default_restart_usec },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultStartLimitInterval", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_default_start_limit_interval }, /* obsolete alias */
+ { "Manager", "DefaultStartLimitIntervalSec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_default_start_limit_interval },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultStartLimitBurst", config_parse_unsigned, 0, &arg_default_start_limit_burst },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultEnvironment", config_parse_environ, 0, &arg_default_environment },
+ { "Manager", "ManagerEnvironment", config_parse_environ, 0, &arg_manager_environment },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCPU", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_CPU, arg_default_rlimit },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultLimitFSIZE", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_FSIZE, arg_default_rlimit },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultLimitDATA", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_DATA, arg_default_rlimit },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSTACK", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_STACK, arg_default_rlimit },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCORE", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_CORE, arg_default_rlimit },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRSS", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_RSS, arg_default_rlimit },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNOFILE", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_NOFILE, arg_default_rlimit },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultLimitAS", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_AS, arg_default_rlimit },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNPROC", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_NPROC, arg_default_rlimit },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMEMLOCK", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, arg_default_rlimit },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultLimitLOCKS", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_LOCKS, arg_default_rlimit },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSIGPENDING", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_SIGPENDING, arg_default_rlimit },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE, arg_default_rlimit },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNICE", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_NICE, arg_default_rlimit },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTPRIO", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_RTPRIO, arg_default_rlimit },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTTIME", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_RTTIME, arg_default_rlimit },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultCPUAccounting", config_parse_tristate, 0, &arg_default_cpu_accounting },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultIOAccounting", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_default_io_accounting },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultIPAccounting", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_default_ip_accounting },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultBlockIOAccounting", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_default_blockio_accounting },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultMemoryAccounting", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_default_memory_accounting },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultTasksAccounting", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_default_tasks_accounting },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultTasksMax", config_parse_tasks_max, 0, &arg_default_tasks_max },
+ { "Manager", "CtrlAltDelBurstAction", config_parse_emergency_action, 0, &arg_cad_burst_action },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultOOMPolicy", config_parse_oom_policy, 0, &arg_default_oom_policy },
+ { "Manager", "DefaultOOMScoreAdjust", config_parse_oom_score_adjust, 0, NULL },
+#if ENABLE_SMACK
+ { "Manager", "DefaultSmackProcessLabel", config_parse_string, 0, &arg_default_smack_process_label },
+#else
+ { "Manager", "DefaultSmackProcessLabel", config_parse_warn_compat, DISABLED_CONFIGURATION, NULL },
+#endif
+ {}
+ };
+
+ _cleanup_strv_free_ char **files = NULL, **dirs = NULL;
+ const char *suffix;
+ int r;
+
+ if (arg_system)
+ suffix = "system.conf.d";
+ else {
+ r = manager_find_user_config_paths(&files, &dirs);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine config file paths: %m");
+
+ suffix = "user.conf.d";
+ }
+
+ (void) config_parse_many(
+ (const char* const*) (files ?: STRV_MAKE(PKGSYSCONFDIR "/system.conf")),
+ (const char* const*) (dirs ?: CONF_PATHS_STRV("systemd")),
+ suffix,
+ "Manager\0",
+ config_item_table_lookup, items,
+ CONFIG_PARSE_WARN,
+ NULL,
+ NULL,
+ NULL);
+
+ /* Traditionally "0" was used to turn off the default unit timeouts. Fix this up so that we use
+ * USEC_INFINITY like everywhere else. */
+ if (arg_default_timeout_start_usec <= 0)
+ arg_default_timeout_start_usec = USEC_INFINITY;
+ if (arg_default_timeout_stop_usec <= 0)
+ arg_default_timeout_stop_usec = USEC_INFINITY;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void set_manager_defaults(Manager *m) {
+
+ assert(m);
+
+ /* Propagates the various default unit property settings into the manager object, i.e. properties that do not
+ * affect the manager itself, but are just what newly allocated units will have set if they haven't set
+ * anything else. (Also see set_manager_settings() for the settings that affect the manager's own behaviour) */
+
+ m->default_timer_accuracy_usec = arg_default_timer_accuracy_usec;
+ m->default_std_output = arg_default_std_output;
+ m->default_std_error = arg_default_std_error;
+ m->default_timeout_start_usec = arg_default_timeout_start_usec;
+ m->default_timeout_stop_usec = arg_default_timeout_stop_usec;
+ m->default_timeout_abort_usec = arg_default_timeout_abort_usec;
+ m->default_timeout_abort_set = arg_default_timeout_abort_set;
+ m->default_device_timeout_usec = arg_default_device_timeout_usec;
+ m->default_restart_usec = arg_default_restart_usec;
+ m->default_start_limit_interval = arg_default_start_limit_interval;
+ m->default_start_limit_burst = arg_default_start_limit_burst;
+
+ /* On 4.15+ with unified hierarchy, CPU accounting is essentially free as it doesn't require the CPU
+ * controller to be enabled, so the default is to enable it unless we got told otherwise. */
+ if (arg_default_cpu_accounting >= 0)
+ m->default_cpu_accounting = arg_default_cpu_accounting;
+ else
+ m->default_cpu_accounting = cpu_accounting_is_cheap();
+
+ m->default_io_accounting = arg_default_io_accounting;
+ m->default_ip_accounting = arg_default_ip_accounting;
+ m->default_blockio_accounting = arg_default_blockio_accounting;
+ m->default_memory_accounting = arg_default_memory_accounting;
+ m->default_tasks_accounting = arg_default_tasks_accounting;
+ m->default_tasks_max = arg_default_tasks_max;
+ m->default_oom_policy = arg_default_oom_policy;
+ m->default_oom_score_adjust_set = arg_default_oom_score_adjust_set;
+ m->default_oom_score_adjust = arg_default_oom_score_adjust;
+
+ (void) manager_set_default_smack_process_label(m, arg_default_smack_process_label);
+
+ (void) manager_set_default_rlimits(m, arg_default_rlimit);
+
+ (void) manager_default_environment(m);
+ (void) manager_transient_environment_add(m, arg_default_environment);
+}
+
+static void set_manager_settings(Manager *m) {
+ int r;
+
+ assert(m);
+
+ /* Propagates the various manager settings into the manager object, i.e. properties that
+ * effect the manager itself (as opposed to just being inherited into newly allocated
+ * units, see set_manager_defaults() above). */
+
+ m->confirm_spawn = arg_confirm_spawn;
+ m->service_watchdogs = arg_service_watchdogs;
+ m->cad_burst_action = arg_cad_burst_action;
+
+ manager_set_watchdog(m, WATCHDOG_RUNTIME, arg_runtime_watchdog);
+ manager_set_watchdog(m, WATCHDOG_REBOOT, arg_reboot_watchdog);
+ manager_set_watchdog(m, WATCHDOG_KEXEC, arg_kexec_watchdog);
+ manager_set_watchdog(m, WATCHDOG_PRETIMEOUT, arg_pretimeout_watchdog);
+ r = manager_set_watchdog_pretimeout_governor(m, arg_watchdog_pretimeout_governor);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to set watchdog pretimeout governor to '%s', ignoring: %m", arg_watchdog_pretimeout_governor);
+
+ manager_set_show_status(m, arg_show_status, "commandline");
+ m->status_unit_format = arg_status_unit_format;
+}
+
+static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+ enum {
+ ARG_LOG_LEVEL = 0x100,
+ ARG_LOG_TARGET,
+ ARG_LOG_COLOR,
+ ARG_LOG_LOCATION,
+ ARG_LOG_TIME,
+ ARG_UNIT,
+ ARG_SYSTEM,
+ ARG_USER,
+ ARG_TEST,
+ ARG_NO_PAGER,
+ ARG_VERSION,
+ ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
+ ARG_DUMP_BUS_PROPERTIES,
+ ARG_BUS_INTROSPECT,
+ ARG_DUMP_CORE,
+ ARG_CRASH_CHVT,
+ ARG_CRASH_SHELL,
+ ARG_CRASH_REBOOT,
+ ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN,
+ ARG_SHOW_STATUS,
+ ARG_DESERIALIZE,
+ ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT,
+ ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT,
+ ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR,
+ ARG_MACHINE_ID,
+ ARG_SERVICE_WATCHDOGS,
+ };
+
+ static const struct option options[] = {
+ { "log-level", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LEVEL },
+ { "log-target", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_TARGET },
+ { "log-color", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_COLOR },
+ { "log-location", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LOCATION },
+ { "log-time", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_TIME },
+ { "unit", required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNIT },
+ { "system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SYSTEM },
+ { "user", no_argument, NULL, ARG_USER },
+ { "test", no_argument, NULL, ARG_TEST },
+ { "no-pager", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER },
+ { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
+ { "version", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERSION },
+ { "dump-configuration-items", no_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS },
+ { "dump-bus-properties", no_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_BUS_PROPERTIES },
+ { "bus-introspect", required_argument, NULL, ARG_BUS_INTROSPECT },
+ { "dump-core", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CORE },
+ { "crash-chvt", required_argument, NULL, ARG_CRASH_CHVT },
+ { "crash-shell", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CRASH_SHELL },
+ { "crash-reboot", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CRASH_REBOOT },
+ { "confirm-spawn", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN },
+ { "show-status", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_SHOW_STATUS },
+ { "deserialize", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DESERIALIZE },
+ { "switched-root", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT },
+ { "default-standard-output", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT, },
+ { "default-standard-error", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR, },
+ { "machine-id", required_argument, NULL, ARG_MACHINE_ID },
+ { "service-watchdogs", required_argument, NULL, ARG_SERVICE_WATCHDOGS },
+ {}
+ };
+
+ int c, r;
+ bool user_arg_seen = false;
+
+ assert(argc >= 1);
+ assert(argv);
+
+ if (getpid_cached() == 1)
+ opterr = 0;
+
+ while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hDbsz:", options, NULL)) >= 0)
+
+ switch (c) {
+
+ case ARG_LOG_LEVEL:
+ r = log_set_max_level_from_string(optarg);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse log level \"%s\": %m", optarg);
+
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_LOG_TARGET:
+ r = log_set_target_from_string(optarg);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse log target \"%s\": %m", optarg);
+
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_LOG_COLOR:
+
+ if (optarg) {
+ r = log_show_color_from_string(optarg);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse log color setting \"%s\": %m",
+ optarg);
+ } else
+ log_show_color(true);
+
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_LOG_LOCATION:
+ if (optarg) {
+ r = log_show_location_from_string(optarg);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse log location setting \"%s\": %m",
+ optarg);
+ } else
+ log_show_location(true);
+
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_LOG_TIME:
+
+ if (optarg) {
+ r = log_show_time_from_string(optarg);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse log time setting \"%s\": %m",
+ optarg);
+ } else
+ log_show_time(true);
+
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT:
+ r = exec_output_from_string(optarg);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse default standard output setting \"%s\": %m",
+ optarg);
+ arg_default_std_output = r;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR:
+ r = exec_output_from_string(optarg);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse default standard error output setting \"%s\": %m",
+ optarg);
+ arg_default_std_error = r;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_UNIT:
+ r = free_and_strdup(&arg_default_unit, optarg);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set default unit \"%s\": %m", optarg);
+
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_SYSTEM:
+ arg_system = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_USER:
+ arg_system = false;
+ user_arg_seen = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_TEST:
+ arg_action = ACTION_TEST;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_NO_PAGER:
+ arg_pager_flags |= PAGER_DISABLE;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_VERSION:
+ arg_action = ACTION_VERSION;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS:
+ arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_DUMP_BUS_PROPERTIES:
+ arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_BUS_PROPERTIES;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_BUS_INTROSPECT:
+ arg_bus_introspect = optarg;
+ arg_action = ACTION_BUS_INTROSPECT;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_DUMP_CORE:
+ r = parse_boolean_argument("--dump-core", optarg, &arg_dump_core);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_CRASH_CHVT:
+ r = parse_crash_chvt(optarg, &arg_crash_chvt);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse crash virtual terminal index: \"%s\": %m",
+ optarg);
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_CRASH_SHELL:
+ r = parse_boolean_argument("--crash-shell", optarg, &arg_crash_shell);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_CRASH_REBOOT:
+ r = parse_boolean_argument("--crash-reboot", optarg, &arg_crash_reboot);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN:
+ arg_confirm_spawn = mfree(arg_confirm_spawn);
+
+ r = parse_confirm_spawn(optarg, &arg_confirm_spawn);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse confirm spawn option: \"%s\": %m",
+ optarg);
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_SERVICE_WATCHDOGS:
+ r = parse_boolean_argument("--service-watchdogs=", optarg, &arg_service_watchdogs);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_SHOW_STATUS:
+ if (optarg) {
+ r = parse_show_status(optarg, &arg_show_status);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse show status boolean: \"%s\": %m",
+ optarg);
+ } else
+ arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_YES;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_DESERIALIZE: {
+ int fd;
+ FILE *f;
+
+ r = safe_atoi(optarg, &fd);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse deserialize option \"%s\": %m", optarg);
+ if (fd < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+ "Invalid deserialize fd: %d",
+ fd);
+
+ (void) fd_cloexec(fd, true);
+
+ f = fdopen(fd, "r");
+ if (!f)
+ return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open serialization fd %d: %m", fd);
+
+ safe_fclose(arg_serialization);
+ arg_serialization = f;
+
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT:
+ arg_switched_root = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_MACHINE_ID:
+ r = set_machine_id(optarg);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "MachineID '%s' is not valid: %m", optarg);
+ break;
+
+ case 'h':
+ arg_action = ACTION_HELP;
+ break;
+
+ case 'D':
+ log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
+ break;
+
+ case 'b':
+ case 's':
+ case 'z':
+ /* Just to eat away the sysvinit kernel cmdline args that we'll parse in
+ * parse_proc_cmdline_item() or ignore, without any getopt() error messages.
+ */
+ case '?':
+ if (getpid_cached() != 1)
+ return -EINVAL;
+ else
+ return 0;
+
+ default:
+ assert_not_reached();
+ }
+
+ if (optind < argc && getpid_cached() != 1)
+ /* Hmm, when we aren't run as init system let's complain about excess arguments */
+ return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), "Excess arguments.");
+
+ if (arg_action == ACTION_RUN && !arg_system && !user_arg_seen)
+ return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+ "Explicit --user argument required to run as user manager.");
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int help(void) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
+ int r;
+
+ r = terminal_urlify_man("systemd", "1", &link);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
+ "%sStarts and monitors system and user services.%s\n\n"
+ "This program takes no positional arguments.\n\n"
+ "%sOptions%s:\n"
+ " -h --help Show this help\n"
+ " --version Show version\n"
+ " --test Determine initial transaction, dump it and exit\n"
+ " --system Combined with --test: operate in system mode\n"
+ " --user Combined with --test: operate in user mode\n"
+ " --dump-configuration-items Dump understood unit configuration items\n"
+ " --dump-bus-properties Dump exposed bus properties\n"
+ " --bus-introspect=PATH Write XML introspection data\n"
+ " --unit=UNIT Set default unit\n"
+ " --dump-core[=BOOL] Dump core on crash\n"
+ " --crash-vt=NR Change to specified VT on crash\n"
+ " --crash-reboot[=BOOL] Reboot on crash\n"
+ " --crash-shell[=BOOL] Run shell on crash\n"
+ " --confirm-spawn[=BOOL] Ask for confirmation when spawning processes\n"
+ " --show-status[=BOOL] Show status updates on the console during boot\n"
+ " --log-target=TARGET Set log target (console, journal, kmsg,\n"
+ " journal-or-kmsg, null)\n"
+ " --log-level=LEVEL Set log level (debug, info, notice, warning,\n"
+ " err, crit, alert, emerg)\n"
+ " --log-color[=BOOL] Highlight important log messages\n"
+ " --log-location[=BOOL] Include code location in log messages\n"
+ " --log-time[=BOOL] Prefix log messages with current time\n"
+ " --default-standard-output= Set default standard output for services\n"
+ " --default-standard-error= Set default standard error output for services\n"
+ " --no-pager Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
+ "\nSee the %s for details.\n",
+ program_invocation_short_name,
+ ansi_highlight(),
+ ansi_normal(),
+ ansi_underline(),
+ ansi_normal(),
+ link);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int prepare_reexecute(
+ Manager *m,
+ FILE **ret_f,
+ FDSet **ret_fds,
+ bool switching_root) {
+
+ _cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet *fds = NULL;
+ _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(m);
+ assert(ret_f);
+ assert(ret_fds);
+
+ r = manager_open_serialization(m, &f);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create serialization file: %m");
+
+ /* Make sure nothing is really destructed when we shut down */
+ m->n_reloading++;
+ bus_manager_send_reloading(m, true);
+
+ fds = fdset_new();
+ if (!fds)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = manager_serialize(m, f, fds, switching_root);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (fseeko(f, 0, SEEK_SET) == (off_t) -1)
+ return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to rewind serialization fd: %m");
+
+ r = fd_cloexec(fileno(f), false);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization: %m");
+
+ r = fdset_cloexec(fds, false);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization fds: %m");
+
+ *ret_f = TAKE_PTR(f);
+ *ret_fds = TAKE_PTR(fds);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void bump_file_max_and_nr_open(void) {
+
+ /* Let's bump fs.file-max and fs.nr_open to their respective maximums. On current kernels large
+ * numbers of file descriptors are no longer a performance problem and their memory is properly
+ * tracked by memcg, thus counting them and limiting them in another two layers of limits is
+ * unnecessary and just complicates things. This function hence turns off 2 of the 4 levels of limits
+ * on file descriptors, and makes RLIMIT_NOLIMIT (soft + hard) the only ones that really matter. */
+
+#if BUMP_PROC_SYS_FS_FILE_MAX || BUMP_PROC_SYS_FS_NR_OPEN
+ int r;
+#endif
+
+#if BUMP_PROC_SYS_FS_FILE_MAX
+ /* The maximum the kernel allows for this since 5.2 is LONG_MAX, use that. (Previously things were
+ * different, but the operation would fail silently.) */
+ r = sysctl_writef("fs/file-max", "%li", LONG_MAX);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_full_errno(IN_SET(r, -EROFS, -EPERM, -EACCES) ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING,
+ r, "Failed to bump fs.file-max, ignoring: %m");
+#endif
+
+#if BUMP_PROC_SYS_FS_NR_OPEN
+ int v = INT_MAX;
+
+ /* Argh! The kernel enforces maximum and minimum values on the fs.nr_open, but we don't really know
+ * what they are. The expression by which the maximum is determined is dependent on the architecture,
+ * and is something we don't really want to copy to userspace, as it is dependent on implementation
+ * details of the kernel. Since the kernel doesn't expose the maximum value to us, we can only try
+ * and hope. Hence, let's start with INT_MAX, and then keep halving the value until we find one that
+ * works. Ugly? Yes, absolutely, but kernel APIs are kernel APIs, so what do can we do... 🤯 */
+
+ for (;;) {
+ int k;
+
+ v &= ~(__SIZEOF_POINTER__ - 1); /* Round down to next multiple of the pointer size */
+ if (v < 1024) {
+ log_warning("Can't bump fs.nr_open, value too small.");
+ break;
+ }
+
+ k = read_nr_open();
+ if (k < 0) {
+ log_error_errno(k, "Failed to read fs.nr_open: %m");
+ break;
+ }
+ if (k >= v) { /* Already larger */
+ log_debug("Skipping bump, value is already larger.");
+ break;
+ }
+
+ r = sysctl_writef("fs/nr_open", "%i", v);
+ if (r == -EINVAL) {
+ log_debug("Couldn't write fs.nr_open as %i, halving it.", v);
+ v /= 2;
+ continue;
+ }
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_full_errno(IN_SET(r, -EROFS, -EPERM, -EACCES) ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, r, "Failed to bump fs.nr_open, ignoring: %m");
+ break;
+ }
+
+ log_debug("Successfully bumped fs.nr_open to %i", v);
+ break;
+ }
+#endif
+}
+
+static int bump_rlimit_nofile(const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit) {
+ struct rlimit new_rlimit;
+ int r, nr;
+
+ /* Get the underlying absolute limit the kernel enforces */
+ nr = read_nr_open();
+
+ /* Calculate the new limits to use for us. Never lower from what we inherited. */
+ new_rlimit = (struct rlimit) {
+ .rlim_cur = MAX((rlim_t) nr, saved_rlimit->rlim_cur),
+ .rlim_max = MAX((rlim_t) nr, saved_rlimit->rlim_max),
+ };
+
+ /* Shortcut if nothing changes. */
+ if (saved_rlimit->rlim_max >= new_rlimit.rlim_max &&
+ saved_rlimit->rlim_cur >= new_rlimit.rlim_cur) {
+ log_debug("RLIMIT_NOFILE is already as high or higher than we need it, not bumping.");
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* Bump up the resource limit for ourselves substantially, all the way to the maximum the kernel allows, for
+ * both hard and soft. */
+ r = setrlimit_closest(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &new_rlimit);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_warning_errno(r, "Setting RLIMIT_NOFILE failed, ignoring: %m");
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int bump_rlimit_memlock(const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit) {
+ struct rlimit new_rlimit;
+ uint64_t mm;
+ int r;
+
+ /* BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE bpf maps are charged against RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, even if we have CAP_IPC_LOCK
+ * which should normally disable such checks. We need them to implement IPAddressAllow= and
+ * IPAddressDeny=, hence let's bump the value high enough for our user. */
+
+ /* Using MAX() on resource limits only is safe if RLIM_INFINITY is > 0. POSIX declares that rlim_t
+ * must be unsigned, hence this is a given, but let's make this clear here. */
+ assert_cc(RLIM_INFINITY > 0);
+
+ mm = physical_memory_scale(1, 8); /* Let's scale how much we allow to be locked by the amount of
+ * physical RAM. We allow an eighth to be locked by us, just to
+ * pick a value. */
+
+ new_rlimit = (struct rlimit) {
+ .rlim_cur = MAX3(HIGH_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, saved_rlimit->rlim_cur, mm),
+ .rlim_max = MAX3(HIGH_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, saved_rlimit->rlim_max, mm),
+ };
+
+ if (saved_rlimit->rlim_max >= new_rlimit.rlim_cur &&
+ saved_rlimit->rlim_cur >= new_rlimit.rlim_max) {
+ log_debug("RLIMIT_MEMLOCK is already as high or higher than we need it, not bumping.");
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ r = setrlimit_closest(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, &new_rlimit);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_warning_errno(r, "Setting RLIMIT_MEMLOCK failed, ignoring: %m");
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void test_usr(void) {
+
+ /* Check that /usr is either on the same file system as / or mounted already. */
+
+ if (dir_is_empty("/usr", /* ignore_hidden_or_backup= */ false) <= 0)
+ return;
+
+ log_warning("/usr appears to be on its own filesystem and is not already mounted. This is not a supported setup. "
+ "Some things will probably break (sometimes even silently) in mysterious ways. "
+ "Consult https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/separate-usr-is-broken for more information.");
+}
+
+static int enforce_syscall_archs(Set *archs) {
+#if HAVE_SECCOMP
+ int r;
+
+ if (!is_seccomp_available())
+ return 0;
+
+ r = seccomp_restrict_archs(arg_syscall_archs);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to enforce system call architecture restrication: %m");
+#endif
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int os_release_status(void) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *name = NULL, *version = NULL,
+ *ansi_color = NULL, *support_end = NULL;
+ int r;
+
+ r = parse_os_release(NULL,
+ "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
+ "NAME", &name,
+ "VERSION", &version,
+ "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
+ "SUPPORT_END", &support_end);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_full_errno(r == -ENOENT ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, r,
+ "Failed to read os-release file, ignoring: %m");
+
+ const char *label = empty_to_null(pretty_name) ?: empty_to_null(name) ?: "Linux";
+
+ if (show_status_on(arg_show_status)) {
+ if (log_get_show_color())
+ status_printf(NULL, 0,
+ "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
+ empty_to_null(ansi_color) ?: "1",
+ label);
+ else
+ status_printf(NULL, 0,
+ "\nWelcome to %s!\n",
+ label);
+ }
+
+ if (support_end && os_release_support_ended(support_end, false) > 0)
+ /* pretty_name may include the version already, so we'll print the version only if we
+ * have it and we're not using pretty_name. */
+ status_printf(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED " !! " ANSI_NORMAL, 0,
+ "This OS version (%s%s%s) is past its end-of-support date (%s)",
+ label,
+ (pretty_name || !version) ? "" : " version ",
+ (pretty_name || !version) ? "" : version,
+ support_end);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int write_container_id(void) {
+ const char *c;
+ int r = 0; /* avoid false maybe-uninitialized warning */
+
+ c = getenv("container");
+ if (isempty(c))
+ return 0;
+
+ RUN_WITH_UMASK(0022)
+ r = write_string_file("/run/systemd/container", c, WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to write /run/systemd/container, ignoring: %m");
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int bump_unix_max_dgram_qlen(void) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *qlen = NULL;
+ unsigned long v;
+ int r;
+
+ /* Let's bump the net.unix.max_dgram_qlen sysctl. The kernel default of 16 is simply too low. We set
+ * the value really really early during boot, so that it is actually applied to all our sockets,
+ * including the $NOTIFY_SOCKET one. */
+
+ r = read_one_line_file("/proc/sys/net/unix/max_dgram_qlen", &qlen);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_full_errno(r == -ENOENT ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, r,
+ "Failed to read AF_UNIX datagram queue length, ignoring: %m");
+
+ r = safe_atolu(qlen, &v);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse AF_UNIX datagram queue length '%s', ignoring: %m", qlen);
+
+ if (v >= DEFAULT_UNIX_MAX_DGRAM_QLEN)
+ return 0;
+
+ r = write_string_filef("/proc/sys/net/unix/max_dgram_qlen", WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER,
+ "%lu", DEFAULT_UNIX_MAX_DGRAM_QLEN);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_full_errno(IN_SET(r, -EROFS, -EPERM, -EACCES) ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, r,
+ "Failed to bump AF_UNIX datagram queue length, ignoring: %m");
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int fixup_environment(void) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *term = NULL;
+ const char *t;
+ int r;
+
+ /* Only fix up the environment when we are started as PID 1 */
+ if (getpid_cached() != 1)
+ return 0;
+
+ /* We expect the environment to be set correctly if run inside a container. */
+ if (detect_container() > 0)
+ return 0;
+
+ /* When started as PID1, the kernel uses /dev/console for our stdios and uses TERM=linux whatever the
+ * backend device used by the console. We try to make a better guess here since some consoles might
+ * not have support for color mode for example.
+ *
+ * However if TERM was configured through the kernel command line then leave it alone. */
+ r = proc_cmdline_get_key("TERM", 0, &term);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ t = term ?: default_term_for_tty("/dev/console");
+
+ if (setenv("TERM", t, 1) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ /* The kernels sets HOME=/ for init. Let's undo this. */
+ if (path_equal_ptr(getenv("HOME"), "/"))
+ assert_se(unsetenv("HOME") == 0);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void redirect_telinit(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+ /* This is compatibility support for SysV, where calling init as a user is identical to telinit. */
+
+#if HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
+ if (getpid_cached() == 1)
+ return;
+
+ if (!invoked_as(argv, "init"))
+ return;
+
+ execv(SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH, argv);
+ log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to exec " SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH ": %m");
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+#endif
+}
+
+static int become_shutdown(
+ const char *shutdown_verb,
+ int retval) {
+
+ char log_level[STRLEN("--log-level=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int)],
+ exit_code[STRLEN("--exit-code=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uint8_t)],
+ timeout[STRLEN("--timeout=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(usec_t) + STRLEN("us")];
+
+ const char* command_line[14] = {
+ SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH,
+ shutdown_verb,
+ timeout,
+ log_level,
+ };
+
+ _cleanup_strv_free_ char **env_block = NULL;
+ usec_t watchdog_timer = 0;
+ size_t pos = 4;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(shutdown_verb);
+ assert(!command_line[pos]);
+ env_block = strv_copy(environ);
+
+ xsprintf(log_level, "--log-level=%d", log_get_max_level());
+ xsprintf(timeout, "--timeout=%" PRI_USEC "us", arg_default_timeout_stop_usec);
+
+ switch (log_get_target()) {
+
+ case LOG_TARGET_KMSG:
+ case LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG:
+ case LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG_OR_KMSG:
+ command_line[pos++] = "--log-target=kmsg";
+ break;
+
+ case LOG_TARGET_NULL:
+ command_line[pos++] = "--log-target=null";
+ break;
+
+ case LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE:
+ default:
+ command_line[pos++] = "--log-target=console";
+ break;
+ };
+
+ if (log_get_show_color())
+ command_line[pos++] = "--log-color";
+
+ if (log_get_show_location())
+ command_line[pos++] = "--log-location";
+
+ if (log_get_show_time())
+ command_line[pos++] = "--log-time";
+
+ if (streq(shutdown_verb, "exit")) {
+ xsprintf(exit_code, "--exit-code=%d", retval);
+ command_line[pos++] = exit_code;
+ }
+
+ assert(pos < ELEMENTSOF(command_line));
+
+ if (streq(shutdown_verb, "reboot"))
+ watchdog_timer = arg_reboot_watchdog;
+ else if (streq(shutdown_verb, "kexec"))
+ watchdog_timer = arg_kexec_watchdog;
+
+ /* If we reboot or kexec let's set the shutdown watchdog and tell the
+ * shutdown binary to repeatedly ping it.
+ * Disable the pretimeout watchdog, as we do not support it from the shutdown binary. */
+ (void) watchdog_setup_pretimeout(0);
+ (void) watchdog_setup_pretimeout_governor(NULL);
+ r = watchdog_setup(watchdog_timer);
+ watchdog_close(r < 0);
+
+ /* Tell the binary how often to ping, ignore failure */
+ (void) strv_extendf(&env_block, "WATCHDOG_USEC="USEC_FMT, watchdog_timer);
+
+ if (arg_watchdog_device)
+ (void) strv_extendf(&env_block, "WATCHDOG_DEVICE=%s", arg_watchdog_device);
+
+ /* Avoid the creation of new processes forked by the kernel; at this
+ * point, we will not listen to the signals anyway */
+ if (detect_container() <= 0)
+ (void) cg_uninstall_release_agent(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER);
+
+ execve(SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH, (char **) command_line, env_block);
+ return -errno;
+}
+
+static void initialize_clock(void) {
+ int r;
+
+ /* This is called very early on, before we parse the kernel command line or otherwise figure out why
+ * we are running, but only once. */
+
+ if (clock_is_localtime(NULL) > 0) {
+ int min;
+
+ /* The very first call of settimeofday() also does a time warp in the kernel.
+ *
+ * In the rtc-in-local time mode, we set the kernel's timezone, and rely on external tools to
+ * take care of maintaining the RTC and do all adjustments. This matches the behavior of
+ * Windows, which leaves the RTC alone if the registry tells that the RTC runs in UTC.
+ */
+ r = clock_set_timezone(&min);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_error_errno(r, "Failed to apply local time delta, ignoring: %m");
+ else
+ log_info("RTC configured in localtime, applying delta of %i minutes to system time.", min);
+
+ } else if (!in_initrd())
+ /*
+ * Do a dummy very first call to seal the kernel's time warp magic.
+ *
+ * Do not call this from inside the initrd. The initrd might not carry /etc/adjtime with
+ * LOCAL, but the real system could be set up that way. In such case, we need to delay the
+ * time-warp or the sealing until we reach the real system.
+ *
+ * Do no set the kernel's timezone. The concept of local time cannot be supported reliably,
+ * the time will jump or be incorrect at every daylight saving time change. All kernel local
+ * time concepts will be treated as UTC that way.
+ */
+ (void) clock_reset_timewarp();
+
+ ClockChangeDirection change_dir;
+ r = clock_apply_epoch(&change_dir);
+ if (r > 0 && change_dir == CLOCK_CHANGE_FORWARD)
+ log_info("System time before build time, advancing clock.");
+ else if (r > 0 && change_dir == CLOCK_CHANGE_BACKWARD)
+ log_info("System time is further ahead than %s after build time, resetting clock to build time.",
+ FORMAT_TIMESPAN(CLOCK_VALID_RANGE_USEC_MAX, USEC_PER_DAY));
+ else if (r < 0 && change_dir == CLOCK_CHANGE_FORWARD)
+ log_error_errno(r, "Current system time is before build time, but cannot correct: %m");
+ else if (r < 0 && change_dir == CLOCK_CHANGE_BACKWARD)
+ log_error_errno(r, "Current system time is further ahead %s after build time, but cannot correct: %m",
+ FORMAT_TIMESPAN(CLOCK_VALID_RANGE_USEC_MAX, USEC_PER_DAY));
+}
+
+static void apply_clock_update(void) {
+ /* This is called later than initialize_clock(), i.e. after we parsed configuration files/kernel
+ * command line and such. */
+
+ if (arg_clock_usec == 0)
+ return;
+
+ if (getpid_cached() != 1)
+ return;
+
+ if (clock_settime(CLOCK_REALTIME, TIMESPEC_STORE(arg_clock_usec)) < 0)
+ log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to set system clock to time specified on kernel command line: %m");
+ else
+ log_info("Set system clock to %s, as specified on the kernel command line.",
+ FORMAT_TIMESTAMP(arg_clock_usec));
+}
+
+static void cmdline_take_random_seed(void) {
+ size_t suggested;
+ int r;
+
+ if (arg_random_seed_size == 0)
+ return;
+
+ if (getpid_cached() != 1)
+ return;
+
+ assert(arg_random_seed);
+ suggested = random_pool_size();
+
+ if (arg_random_seed_size < suggested)
+ log_warning("Random seed specified on kernel command line has size %zu, but %zu bytes required to fill entropy pool.",
+ arg_random_seed_size, suggested);
+
+ r = random_write_entropy(-1, arg_random_seed, arg_random_seed_size, true);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to credit entropy specified on kernel command line, ignoring: %m");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ log_notice("Successfully credited entropy passed on kernel command line.\n"
+ "Note that the seed provided this way is accessible to unprivileged programs. "
+ "This functionality should not be used outside of testing environments.");
+}
+
+static void initialize_coredump(bool skip_setup) {
+#if ENABLE_COREDUMP
+ if (getpid_cached() != 1)
+ return;
+
+ /* Don't limit the core dump size, so that coredump handlers such as systemd-coredump (which honour
+ * the limit) will process core dumps for system services by default. */
+ if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(RLIM_INFINITY)) < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to set RLIMIT_CORE: %m");
+
+ /* But at the same time, turn off the core_pattern logic by default, so that no coredumps are stored
+ * until the systemd-coredump tool is enabled via sysctl. However it can be changed via the kernel
+ * command line later so core dumps can still be generated during early startup and in initrd. */
+ if (!skip_setup)
+ disable_coredumps();
+#endif
+}
+
+static void initialize_core_pattern(bool skip_setup) {
+ int r;
+
+ if (skip_setup || !arg_early_core_pattern)
+ return;
+
+ if (getpid_cached() != 1)
+ return;
+
+ r = write_string_file("/proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern", arg_early_core_pattern, WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to write '%s' to /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern, ignoring: %m",
+ arg_early_core_pattern);
+}
+
+static void update_cpu_affinity(bool skip_setup) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *mask = NULL;
+
+ if (skip_setup || !arg_cpu_affinity.set)
+ return;
+
+ assert(arg_cpu_affinity.allocated > 0);
+
+ mask = cpu_set_to_range_string(&arg_cpu_affinity);
+ log_debug("Setting CPU affinity to {%s}.", strnull(mask));
+
+ if (sched_setaffinity(0, arg_cpu_affinity.allocated, arg_cpu_affinity.set) < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to set CPU affinity, ignoring: %m");
+}
+
+static void update_numa_policy(bool skip_setup) {
+ int r;
+ _cleanup_free_ char *nodes = NULL;
+ const char * policy = NULL;
+
+ if (skip_setup || !mpol_is_valid(numa_policy_get_type(&arg_numa_policy)))
+ return;
+
+ if (DEBUG_LOGGING) {
+ policy = mpol_to_string(numa_policy_get_type(&arg_numa_policy));
+ nodes = cpu_set_to_range_string(&arg_numa_policy.nodes);
+ log_debug("Setting NUMA policy to %s, with nodes {%s}.", strnull(policy), strnull(nodes));
+ }
+
+ r = apply_numa_policy(&arg_numa_policy);
+ if (r == -EOPNOTSUPP)
+ log_debug_errno(r, "NUMA support not available, ignoring.");
+ else if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to set NUMA memory policy, ignoring: %m");
+}
+
+static void filter_args(
+ const char* dst[],
+ size_t *dst_index,
+ char **src,
+ int argc) {
+
+ assert(dst);
+ assert(dst_index);
+
+ /* Copy some filtered arguments into the dst array from src. */
+ for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+ if (STR_IN_SET(src[i],
+ "--switched-root",
+ "--system",
+ "--user"))
+ continue;
+
+ if (startswith(src[i], "--deserialize="))
+ continue;
+ if (streq(src[i], "--deserialize")) {
+ i++; /* Skip the argument too */
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Skip target unit designators. We already acted upon this information and have queued
+ * appropriate jobs. We don't want to redo all this after reexecution. */
+ if (startswith(src[i], "--unit="))
+ continue;
+ if (streq(src[i], "--unit")) {
+ i++; /* Skip the argument too */
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Seems we have a good old option. Let's pass it over to the new instance. */
+ dst[(*dst_index)++] = src[i];
+ }
+}
+
+static int do_reexecute(
+ ManagerObjective objective,
+ int argc,
+ char* argv[],
+ const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_nofile,
+ const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_memlock,
+ FDSet *fds,
+ const char *switch_root_dir,
+ const char *switch_root_init,
+ const char **ret_error_message) {
+
+ size_t i, args_size;
+ const char **args;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(IN_SET(objective, MANAGER_REEXECUTE, MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT));
+ assert(argc >= 0);
+ assert(saved_rlimit_nofile);
+ assert(saved_rlimit_memlock);
+ assert(ret_error_message);
+
+ /* Close and disarm the watchdog, so that the new instance can reinitialize it, but doesn't get
+ * rebooted while we do that */
+ watchdog_close(true);
+
+ /* Reset RLIMIT_NOFILE + RLIMIT_MEMLOCK back to the kernel defaults, so that the new systemd can pass
+ * the kernel default to its child processes */
+ if (saved_rlimit_nofile->rlim_cur != 0)
+ (void) setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, saved_rlimit_nofile);
+ if (saved_rlimit_memlock->rlim_cur != RLIM_INFINITY)
+ (void) setrlimit(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, saved_rlimit_memlock);
+
+ if (switch_root_dir) {
+ /* Kill all remaining processes from the initrd, but don't wait for them, so that we can
+ * handle the SIGCHLD for them after deserializing. */
+ broadcast_signal(SIGTERM, false, true, arg_default_timeout_stop_usec);
+
+ /* And switch root with MS_MOVE, because we remove the old directory afterwards and detach it. */
+ r = switch_root(switch_root_dir, "/mnt", true, MS_MOVE);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_error_errno(r, "Failed to switch root, trying to continue: %m");
+ }
+
+ args_size = argc + 5;
+ args = newa(const char*, args_size);
+
+ if (!switch_root_init) {
+ char sfd[STRLEN("--deserialize=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int)];
+
+ /* First try to spawn ourselves with the right path, and with full serialization. We do this
+ * only if the user didn't specify an explicit init to spawn. */
+
+ assert(arg_serialization);
+ assert(fds);
+
+ xsprintf(sfd, "--deserialize=%i", fileno(arg_serialization));
+
+ i = 1; /* Leave args[0] empty for now. */
+
+ /* Put our stuff first to make sure it always gets parsed in case
+ * we get weird stuff from the kernel cmdline (like --) */
+ if (switch_root_dir)
+ args[i++] = "--switched-root";
+
+ args[i++] = arg_system ? "--system" : "--user";
+ args[i++] = sfd;
+
+ filter_args(args, &i, argv, argc);
+
+ args[i++] = NULL;
+
+ assert(i <= args_size);
+
+ /*
+ * We want valgrind to print its memory usage summary before reexecution. Valgrind won't do
+ * this is on its own on exec(), but it will do it on exit(). Hence, to ensure we get a
+ * summary here, fork() off a child, let it exit() cleanly, so that it prints the summary,
+ * and wait() for it in the parent, before proceeding into the exec().
+ */
+ valgrind_summary_hack();
+
+ args[0] = SYSTEMD_BINARY_PATH;
+ (void) execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
+
+ if (objective == MANAGER_REEXECUTE) {
+ *ret_error_message = "Failed to execute our own binary";
+ return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute our own binary %s: %m", args[0]);
+ }
+
+ log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to execute our own binary %s, trying fallback: %m", args[0]);
+ }
+
+ /* Try the fallback, if there is any, without any serialization. We pass the original argv[] and
+ * envp[]. (Well, modulo the ordering changes due to getopt() in argv[], and some cleanups in envp[],
+ * but let's hope that doesn't matter.) */
+
+ arg_serialization = safe_fclose(arg_serialization);
+ fds = fdset_free(fds);
+
+ /* Reopen the console */
+ (void) make_console_stdio();
+
+ i = 1; /* Leave args[0] empty for now. */
+ for (int j = 1; j <= argc; j++)
+ args[i++] = argv[j];
+ assert(i <= args_size);
+
+ /* Re-enable any blocked signals, especially important if we switch from initrd to init=... */
+ (void) reset_all_signal_handlers();
+ (void) reset_signal_mask();
+ (void) rlimit_nofile_safe();
+
+ if (switch_root_init) {
+ args[0] = switch_root_init;
+ (void) execve(args[0], (char* const*) args, saved_env);
+ log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to execute configured init %s, trying fallback: %m", args[0]);
+ }
+
+ args[0] = "/sbin/init";
+ (void) execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
+ r = -errno;
+
+ manager_status_printf(NULL, STATUS_TYPE_EMERGENCY,
+ ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED " !! " ANSI_NORMAL,
+ "Failed to execute /sbin/init");
+
+ *ret_error_message = "Failed to execute fallback shell";
+ if (r == -ENOENT) {
+ log_warning("No /sbin/init, trying fallback");
+
+ args[0] = "/bin/sh";
+ args[1] = NULL;
+ (void) execve(args[0], (char* const*) args, saved_env);
+ return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute /bin/sh, giving up: %m");
+ } else
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to execute /sbin/init, giving up: %m");
+}
+
+static int invoke_main_loop(
+ Manager *m,
+ const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_nofile,
+ const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_memlock,
+ int *ret_retval, /* Return parameters relevant for shutting down */
+ const char **ret_shutdown_verb, /* … */
+ FDSet **ret_fds, /* Return parameters for reexecuting */
+ char **ret_switch_root_dir, /* … */
+ char **ret_switch_root_init, /* … */
+ const char **ret_error_message) {
+
+ int r;
+
+ assert(m);
+ assert(saved_rlimit_nofile);
+ assert(saved_rlimit_memlock);
+ assert(ret_retval);
+ assert(ret_shutdown_verb);
+ assert(ret_fds);
+ assert(ret_switch_root_dir);
+ assert(ret_switch_root_init);
+ assert(ret_error_message);
+
+ for (;;) {
+ int objective = manager_loop(m);
+ if (objective < 0) {
+ *ret_error_message = "Failed to run main loop";
+ return log_emergency_errno(objective, "Failed to run main loop: %m");
+ }
+
+ switch (objective) {
+
+ case MANAGER_RELOAD: {
+ LogTarget saved_log_target;
+ int saved_log_level;
+
+ log_info("Reloading.");
+
+ /* First, save any overridden log level/target, then parse the configuration file,
+ * which might change the log level to new settings. */
+
+ saved_log_level = m->log_level_overridden ? log_get_max_level() : -1;
+ saved_log_target = m->log_target_overridden ? log_get_target() : _LOG_TARGET_INVALID;
+
+ (void) parse_configuration(saved_rlimit_nofile, saved_rlimit_memlock);
+
+ set_manager_defaults(m);
+ set_manager_settings(m);
+
+ update_cpu_affinity(false);
+ update_numa_policy(false);
+
+ if (saved_log_level >= 0)
+ manager_override_log_level(m, saved_log_level);
+ if (saved_log_target >= 0)
+ manager_override_log_target(m, saved_log_target);
+
+ if (manager_reload(m) < 0)
+ /* Reloading failed before the point of no return.
+ * Let's continue running as if nothing happened. */
+ m->objective = MANAGER_OK;
+
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ case MANAGER_REEXECUTE:
+ r = prepare_reexecute(m, &arg_serialization, ret_fds, false);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ *ret_error_message = "Failed to prepare for reexecution";
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ log_notice("Reexecuting.");
+
+ *ret_retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+ *ret_shutdown_verb = NULL;
+ *ret_switch_root_dir = *ret_switch_root_init = NULL;
+
+ return objective;
+
+ case MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT:
+ manager_set_switching_root(m, true);
+
+ if (!m->switch_root_init) {
+ r = prepare_reexecute(m, &arg_serialization, ret_fds, true);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ *ret_error_message = "Failed to prepare for reexecution";
+ return r;
+ }
+ } else
+ *ret_fds = NULL;
+
+ log_notice("Switching root.");
+
+ *ret_retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+ *ret_shutdown_verb = NULL;
+
+ /* Steal the switch root parameters */
+ *ret_switch_root_dir = TAKE_PTR(m->switch_root);
+ *ret_switch_root_init = TAKE_PTR(m->switch_root_init);
+
+ return objective;
+
+ case MANAGER_EXIT:
+ if (MANAGER_IS_USER(m)) {
+ log_debug("Exit.");
+
+ *ret_retval = m->return_value;
+ *ret_shutdown_verb = NULL;
+ *ret_fds = NULL;
+ *ret_switch_root_dir = *ret_switch_root_init = NULL;
+
+ return objective;
+ }
+
+ _fallthrough_;
+ case MANAGER_REBOOT:
+ case MANAGER_POWEROFF:
+ case MANAGER_HALT:
+ case MANAGER_KEXEC: {
+ static const char* const table[_MANAGER_OBJECTIVE_MAX] = {
+ [MANAGER_EXIT] = "exit",
+ [MANAGER_REBOOT] = "reboot",
+ [MANAGER_POWEROFF] = "poweroff",
+ [MANAGER_HALT] = "halt",
+ [MANAGER_KEXEC] = "kexec",
+ };
+
+ log_notice("Shutting down.");
+
+ *ret_retval = m->return_value;
+ assert_se(*ret_shutdown_verb = table[m->objective]);
+ *ret_fds = NULL;
+ *ret_switch_root_dir = *ret_switch_root_init = NULL;
+
+ return objective;
+ }
+
+ default:
+ assert_not_reached();
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+static void log_execution_mode(bool *ret_first_boot) {
+ bool first_boot = false;
+
+ assert(ret_first_boot);
+
+ if (arg_system) {
+ struct utsname uts;
+ int v;
+
+ log_info("systemd " GIT_VERSION " running in %ssystem mode (%s)",
+ arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? "test " : "",
+ systemd_features);
+
+ v = detect_virtualization();
+ if (v > 0)
+ log_info("Detected virtualization %s.", virtualization_to_string(v));
+
+ log_info("Detected architecture %s.", architecture_to_string(uname_architecture()));
+
+ if (in_initrd())
+ log_info("Running in initrd.");
+ else {
+ int r;
+ _cleanup_free_ char *id_text = NULL;
+
+ /* Let's check whether we are in first boot. First, check if an override was
+ * specified on the kernel commandline. If yes, we honour that. */
+
+ r = proc_cmdline_get_bool("systemd.condition-first-boot", &first_boot);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to parse systemd.condition-first-boot= kernel commandline argument, ignoring: %m");
+
+ if (r > 0)
+ log_full(first_boot ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG,
+ "Kernel commandline argument says we are %s first boot.",
+ first_boot ? "in" : "not in");
+ else {
+ /* Second, perform autodetection. We use /etc/machine-id as flag file for
+ * this: If it is missing or contains the value "uninitialized", this is the
+ * first boot. In other cases, it is not. This allows container managers and
+ * installers to provision a couple of files in /etc but still permit the
+ * first-boot initialization to occur. If the container manager wants to
+ * provision the machine ID it should pass $container_uuid to PID 1. */
+
+ r = read_one_line_file("/etc/machine-id", &id_text);
+ if (r < 0 || streq(id_text, "uninitialized")) {
+ if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Unexpected error while reading /etc/machine-id, assuming first boot: %m");
+
+ first_boot = true;
+ log_info("Detected first boot.");
+ } else
+ log_debug("Detected initialized system, this is not the first boot.");
+ }
+ }
+
+ assert_se(uname(&uts) >= 0);
+
+ if (strverscmp_improved(uts.release, KERNEL_BASELINE_VERSION) < 0)
+ log_warning("Warning! Reported kernel version %s is older than systemd's required baseline kernel version %s. "
+ "Your mileage may vary.", uts.release, KERNEL_BASELINE_VERSION);
+ else
+ log_debug("Kernel version %s, our baseline is %s", uts.release, KERNEL_BASELINE_VERSION);
+ } else {
+ if (DEBUG_LOGGING) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+
+ t = uid_to_name(getuid());
+ log_debug("systemd " GIT_VERSION " running in %suser mode for user " UID_FMT "/%s. (%s)",
+ arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? " test" : "",
+ getuid(), strna(t), systemd_features);
+ }
+ }
+
+ *ret_first_boot = first_boot;
+}
+
+static int initialize_runtime(
+ bool skip_setup,
+ bool first_boot,
+ struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_nofile,
+ struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_memlock,
+ const char **ret_error_message) {
+ int r;
+
+ assert(ret_error_message);
+
+ /* Sets up various runtime parameters. Many of these initializations are conditionalized:
+ *
+ * - Some only apply to --system instances
+ * - Some only apply to --user instances
+ * - Some only apply when we first start up, but not when we reexecute
+ */
+
+ if (arg_action != ACTION_RUN)
+ return 0;
+
+ update_cpu_affinity(skip_setup);
+ update_numa_policy(skip_setup);
+
+ if (arg_system) {
+ /* Make sure we leave a core dump without panicking the kernel. */
+ install_crash_handler();
+
+ if (!skip_setup) {
+ r = mount_cgroup_controllers();
+ if (r < 0) {
+ *ret_error_message = "Failed to mount cgroup hierarchies";
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ (void) os_release_status();
+ (void) hostname_setup(true);
+ /* Force transient machine-id on first boot. */
+ machine_id_setup(NULL, /* force_transient= */ first_boot, arg_machine_id, NULL);
+ (void) loopback_setup();
+ bump_unix_max_dgram_qlen();
+ bump_file_max_and_nr_open();
+ test_usr();
+ write_container_id();
+ }
+
+ r = watchdog_set_device(arg_watchdog_device);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to set watchdog device to %s, ignoring: %m", arg_watchdog_device);
+ } else {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+ /* Create the runtime directory and place the inaccessible device nodes there, if we run in
+ * user mode. In system mode mount_setup() already did that. */
+
+ r = xdg_user_runtime_dir(&p, "/systemd");
+ if (r < 0) {
+ *ret_error_message = "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set";
+ return log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to determine $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR path: %m");
+ }
+
+ (void) mkdir_p_label(p, 0755);
+ (void) make_inaccessible_nodes(p, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID);
+ }
+
+ if (arg_timer_slack_nsec != NSEC_INFINITY)
+ if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, arg_timer_slack_nsec) < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to adjust timer slack, ignoring: %m");
+
+ if (arg_system && !cap_test_all(arg_capability_bounding_set)) {
+ r = capability_bounding_set_drop_usermode(arg_capability_bounding_set);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ *ret_error_message = "Failed to drop capability bounding set of usermode helpers";
+ return log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to drop capability bounding set of usermode helpers: %m");
+ }
+
+ r = capability_bounding_set_drop(arg_capability_bounding_set, true);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ *ret_error_message = "Failed to drop capability bounding set";
+ return log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to drop capability bounding set: %m");
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (arg_system && arg_no_new_privs) {
+ if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0) < 0) {
+ *ret_error_message = "Failed to disable new privileges";
+ return log_emergency_errno(errno, "Failed to disable new privileges: %m");
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (arg_syscall_archs) {
+ r = enforce_syscall_archs(arg_syscall_archs);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ *ret_error_message = "Failed to set syscall architectures";
+ return r;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (!arg_system)
+ /* Become reaper of our children */
+ if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER, 1) < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to make us a subreaper, ignoring: %m");
+
+ /* Bump up RLIMIT_NOFILE for systemd itself */
+ (void) bump_rlimit_nofile(saved_rlimit_nofile);
+ (void) bump_rlimit_memlock(saved_rlimit_memlock);
+
+ /* Pull credentials from various sources into a common credential directory */
+ if (arg_system && !skip_setup)
+ (void) import_credentials();
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int do_queue_default_job(
+ Manager *m,
+ const char **ret_error_message) {
+
+ _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+ const char *unit;
+ Job *job;
+ Unit *target;
+ int r;
+
+ if (arg_default_unit)
+ unit = arg_default_unit;
+ else if (in_initrd())
+ unit = SPECIAL_INITRD_TARGET;
+ else
+ unit = SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET;
+
+ log_debug("Activating default unit: %s", unit);
+
+ r = manager_load_startable_unit_or_warn(m, unit, NULL, &target);
+ if (r < 0 && in_initrd() && !arg_default_unit) {
+ /* Fall back to default.target, which we used to always use by default. Only do this if no
+ * explicit configuration was given. */
+
+ log_info("Falling back to " SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET ".");
+
+ r = manager_load_startable_unit_or_warn(m, SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET, NULL, &target);
+ }
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_info("Falling back to " SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET ".");
+
+ r = manager_load_startable_unit_or_warn(m, SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, NULL, &target);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ *ret_error_message = r == -ERFKILL ? SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET " masked"
+ : "Failed to load " SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET;
+ return r;
+ }
+ }
+
+ assert(target->load_state == UNIT_LOADED);
+
+ r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_ISOLATE, NULL, &error, &job);
+ if (r == -EPERM) {
+ log_debug_errno(r, "Default target could not be isolated, starting instead: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+ sd_bus_error_free(&error);
+
+ r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_REPLACE, NULL, &error, &job);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ *ret_error_message = "Failed to start default target";
+ return log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to start default target: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+ }
+
+ } else if (r < 0) {
+ *ret_error_message = "Failed to isolate default target";
+ return log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to isolate default target: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+ } else
+ log_info("Queued %s job for default target %s.",
+ job_type_to_string(job->type),
+ unit_status_string(job->unit, NULL));
+
+ m->default_unit_job_id = job->id;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void save_rlimits(struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_nofile,
+ struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_memlock) {
+
+ assert(saved_rlimit_nofile);
+ assert(saved_rlimit_memlock);
+
+ if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, saved_rlimit_nofile) < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(errno, "Reading RLIMIT_NOFILE failed, ignoring: %m");
+
+ if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, saved_rlimit_memlock) < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(errno, "Reading RLIMIT_MEMLOCK failed, ignoring: %m");
+}
+
+static void fallback_rlimit_nofile(const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_nofile) {
+ struct rlimit *rl;
+
+ if (arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE])
+ return;
+
+ /* Make sure forked processes get limits based on the original kernel setting */
+
+ rl = newdup(struct rlimit, saved_rlimit_nofile, 1);
+ if (!rl) {
+ log_oom();
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* Bump the hard limit for system services to a substantially higher value. The default
+ * hard limit current kernels set is pretty low (4K), mostly for historical
+ * reasons. According to kernel developers, the fd handling in recent kernels has been
+ * optimized substantially enough, so that we can bump the limit now, without paying too
+ * high a price in memory or performance. Note however that we only bump the hard limit,
+ * not the soft limit. That's because select() works the way it works, and chokes on fds
+ * >= 1024. If we'd bump the soft limit globally, it might accidentally happen to
+ * unexpecting programs that they get fds higher than what they can process using
+ * select(). By only bumping the hard limit but leaving the low limit as it is we avoid
+ * this pitfall: programs that are written by folks aware of the select() problem in mind
+ * (and thus use poll()/epoll instead of select(), the way everybody should) can
+ * explicitly opt into high fds by bumping their soft limit beyond 1024, to the hard limit
+ * we pass. */
+ if (arg_system) {
+ int nr;
+
+ /* Get the underlying absolute limit the kernel enforces */
+ nr = read_nr_open();
+
+ rl->rlim_max = MIN((rlim_t) nr, MAX(rl->rlim_max, (rlim_t) HIGH_RLIMIT_NOFILE));
+ }
+
+ /* If for some reason we were invoked with a soft limit above 1024 (which should never
+ * happen!, but who knows what we get passed in from pam_limit when invoked as --user
+ * instance), then lower what we pass on to not confuse our children */
+ rl->rlim_cur = MIN(rl->rlim_cur, (rlim_t) FD_SETSIZE);
+
+ arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE] = rl;
+}
+
+static void fallback_rlimit_memlock(const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_memlock) {
+ struct rlimit *rl;
+
+ /* Pass the original value down to invoked processes */
+
+ if (arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK])
+ return;
+
+ rl = newdup(struct rlimit, saved_rlimit_memlock, 1);
+ if (!rl) {
+ log_oom();
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_system) {
+ /* Raise the default limit to 8M also on old kernels and in containers (8M is the kernel
+ * default for this since kernel 5.16) */
+ rl->rlim_max = MAX(rl->rlim_max, (rlim_t) DEFAULT_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK);
+ rl->rlim_cur = MAX(rl->rlim_cur, (rlim_t) DEFAULT_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK);
+ }
+
+ arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = rl;
+}
+
+static void setenv_manager_environment(void) {
+ int r;
+
+ STRV_FOREACH(p, arg_manager_environment) {
+ log_debug("Setting '%s' in our own environment.", *p);
+
+ r = putenv_dup(*p, true);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to setenv \"%s\", ignoring: %m", *p);
+ }
+}
+
+static void reset_arguments(void) {
+ /* Frees/resets arg_* variables, with a few exceptions commented below. */
+
+ arg_default_unit = mfree(arg_default_unit);
+
+ /* arg_system — ignore */
+
+ arg_dump_core = true;
+ arg_crash_chvt = -1;
+ arg_crash_shell = false;
+ arg_crash_reboot = false;
+ arg_confirm_spawn = mfree(arg_confirm_spawn);
+ arg_show_status = _SHOW_STATUS_INVALID;
+ arg_status_unit_format = STATUS_UNIT_FORMAT_DEFAULT;
+ arg_switched_root = false;
+ arg_pager_flags = 0;
+ arg_service_watchdogs = true;
+ arg_default_std_output = EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL;
+ arg_default_std_error = EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
+ arg_default_restart_usec = DEFAULT_RESTART_USEC;
+ arg_default_timeout_start_usec = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_USEC;
+ arg_default_timeout_stop_usec = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_USEC;
+ arg_default_timeout_abort_usec = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_USEC;
+ arg_default_timeout_abort_set = false;
+ arg_default_device_timeout_usec = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_USEC;
+ arg_default_start_limit_interval = DEFAULT_START_LIMIT_INTERVAL;
+ arg_default_start_limit_burst = DEFAULT_START_LIMIT_BURST;
+ arg_runtime_watchdog = 0;
+ arg_reboot_watchdog = 10 * USEC_PER_MINUTE;
+ arg_kexec_watchdog = 0;
+ arg_pretimeout_watchdog = 0;
+ arg_early_core_pattern = mfree(arg_early_core_pattern);
+ arg_watchdog_device = mfree(arg_watchdog_device);
+ arg_watchdog_pretimeout_governor = mfree(arg_watchdog_pretimeout_governor);
+
+ arg_default_environment = strv_free(arg_default_environment);
+ arg_manager_environment = strv_free(arg_manager_environment);
+ rlimit_free_all(arg_default_rlimit);
+
+ arg_capability_bounding_set = CAP_ALL;
+ arg_no_new_privs = false;
+ arg_timer_slack_nsec = NSEC_INFINITY;
+ arg_default_timer_accuracy_usec = 1 * USEC_PER_MINUTE;
+
+ arg_syscall_archs = set_free(arg_syscall_archs);
+
+ /* arg_serialization — ignore */
+
+ arg_default_cpu_accounting = -1;
+ arg_default_io_accounting = false;
+ arg_default_ip_accounting = false;
+ arg_default_blockio_accounting = false;
+ arg_default_memory_accounting = MEMORY_ACCOUNTING_DEFAULT;
+ arg_default_tasks_accounting = true;
+ arg_default_tasks_max = DEFAULT_TASKS_MAX;
+ arg_machine_id = (sd_id128_t) {};
+ arg_cad_burst_action = EMERGENCY_ACTION_REBOOT_FORCE;
+ arg_default_oom_policy = OOM_STOP;
+
+ cpu_set_reset(&arg_cpu_affinity);
+ numa_policy_reset(&arg_numa_policy);
+
+ arg_random_seed = mfree(arg_random_seed);
+ arg_random_seed_size = 0;
+ arg_clock_usec = 0;
+
+ arg_default_oom_score_adjust_set = false;
+ arg_default_smack_process_label = mfree(arg_default_smack_process_label);
+}
+
+static void determine_default_oom_score_adjust(void) {
+ int r, a, b;
+
+ /* Run our services at slightly higher OOM score than ourselves. But let's be conservative here, and
+ * do this only if we don't run as root (i.e. only if we are run in user mode, for an unprivileged
+ * user). */
+
+ if (arg_default_oom_score_adjust_set)
+ return;
+
+ if (getuid() == 0)
+ return;
+
+ r = get_oom_score_adjust(&a);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return (void) log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to determine current OOM score adjustment value, ignoring: %m");
+
+ assert_cc(100 <= OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX);
+ b = a >= OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX - 100 ? OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX : a + 100;
+
+ if (a == b)
+ return;
+
+ arg_default_oom_score_adjust = b;
+ arg_default_oom_score_adjust_set = true;
+}
+
+static int parse_configuration(const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_nofile,
+ const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_memlock) {
+ int r;
+
+ assert(saved_rlimit_nofile);
+ assert(saved_rlimit_memlock);
+
+ /* Assign configuration defaults */
+ reset_arguments();
+
+ r = parse_config_file();
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse config file, ignoring: %m");
+
+ if (arg_system) {
+ r = proc_cmdline_parse(parse_proc_cmdline_item, NULL, 0);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse kernel command line, ignoring: %m");
+ }
+
+ /* Initialize some default rlimits for services if they haven't been configured */
+ fallback_rlimit_nofile(saved_rlimit_nofile);
+ fallback_rlimit_memlock(saved_rlimit_memlock);
+
+ /* Note that this also parses bits from the kernel command line, including "debug". */
+ log_parse_environment();
+
+ /* Initialize the show status setting if it hasn't been set explicitly yet */
+ if (arg_show_status == _SHOW_STATUS_INVALID)
+ arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_YES;
+
+ /* Slightly raise the OOM score for our services if we are running for unprivileged users. */
+ determine_default_oom_score_adjust();
+
+ /* Push variables into the manager environment block */
+ setenv_manager_environment();
+
+ /* Parse log environment variables again to take into account any new environment variables. */
+ log_parse_environment();
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int safety_checks(void) {
+
+ if (getpid_cached() == 1 &&
+ arg_action != ACTION_RUN)
+ return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM),
+ "Unsupported execution mode while PID 1.");
+
+ if (getpid_cached() == 1 &&
+ !arg_system)
+ return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM),
+ "Can't run --user mode as PID 1.");
+
+ if (arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
+ arg_system &&
+ getpid_cached() != 1)
+ return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM),
+ "Can't run system mode unless PID 1.");
+
+ if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST &&
+ geteuid() == 0)
+ return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM),
+ "Don't run test mode as root.");
+
+ if (!arg_system &&
+ arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
+ sd_booted() <= 0)
+ return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP),
+ "Trying to run as user instance, but the system has not been booted with systemd.");
+
+ if (!arg_system &&
+ arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
+ !getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR"))
+ return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EUNATCH),
+ "Trying to run as user instance, but $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set.");
+
+ if (arg_system &&
+ arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
+ running_in_chroot() > 0)
+ return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP),
+ "Cannot be run in a chroot() environment.");
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int initialize_security(
+ bool *loaded_policy,
+ dual_timestamp *security_start_timestamp,
+ dual_timestamp *security_finish_timestamp,
+ const char **ret_error_message) {
+
+ int r;
+
+ assert(loaded_policy);
+ assert(security_start_timestamp);
+ assert(security_finish_timestamp);
+ assert(ret_error_message);
+
+ dual_timestamp_get(security_start_timestamp);
+
+ r = mac_selinux_setup(loaded_policy);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ *ret_error_message = "Failed to load SELinux policy";
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = mac_smack_setup(loaded_policy);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ *ret_error_message = "Failed to load SMACK policy";
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = mac_apparmor_setup();
+ if (r < 0) {
+ *ret_error_message = "Failed to load AppArmor policy";
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = ima_setup();
+ if (r < 0) {
+ *ret_error_message = "Failed to load IMA policy";
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ dual_timestamp_get(security_finish_timestamp);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int collect_fds(FDSet **ret_fds, const char **ret_error_message) {
+ int r;
+
+ assert(ret_fds);
+ assert(ret_error_message);
+
+ /* Pick up all fds passed to us. We apply a filter here: we only take the fds that have O_CLOEXEC
+ * off. All fds passed via execve() to us must have O_CLOEXEC off, and our own code and dependencies
+ * should be clean enough to set O_CLOEXEC universally. Thus checking the bit should be a safe
+ * mechanism to distinguish passed in fds from our own.
+ *
+ * Why bother? Some subsystems we initialize early, specifically selinux might keep fds open in our
+ * process behind our back. We should not take possession of that (and then accidentally close
+ * it). SELinux thankfully sets O_CLOEXEC on its fds, so this test should work. */
+ r = fdset_new_fill(/* filter_cloexec= */ 0, ret_fds);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ *ret_error_message = "Failed to allocate fd set";
+ return log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to allocate fd set: %m");
+ }
+
+ /* The serialization fd should have O_CLOEXEC turned on already, let's verify that we didn't pick it up here */
+ assert_se(!arg_serialization || !fdset_contains(*ret_fds, fileno(arg_serialization)));
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void setup_console_terminal(bool skip_setup) {
+
+ if (!arg_system)
+ return;
+
+ /* Become a session leader if we aren't one yet. */
+ (void) setsid();
+
+ /* If we are init, we connect stdin/stdout/stderr to /dev/null and make sure we don't have a
+ * controlling tty. */
+ (void) release_terminal();
+
+ /* Reset the console, but only if this is really init and we are freshly booted */
+ if (getpid_cached() == 1 && !skip_setup)
+ (void) console_setup();
+}
+
+static bool early_skip_setup_check(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+ bool found_deserialize = false;
+
+ /* Determine if this is a reexecution or normal bootup. We do the full command line parsing much
+ * later, so let's just have a quick peek here. Note that if we have switched root, do all the
+ * special setup things anyway, even if in that case we also do deserialization. */
+
+ for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+ if (streq(argv[i], "--switched-root"))
+ return false; /* If we switched root, don't skip the setup. */
+ else if (startswith(argv[i], "--deserialize=") || streq(argv[i], "--deserialize"))
+ found_deserialize = true;
+
+ return found_deserialize; /* When we are deserializing, then we are reexecuting, hence avoid the extensive setup */
+}
+
+static int save_env(void) {
+ char **l;
+
+ l = strv_copy(environ);
+ if (!l)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ strv_free_and_replace(saved_env, l);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+ dual_timestamp
+ initrd_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL,
+ userspace_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL,
+ kernel_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL,
+ security_start_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL,
+ security_finish_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL;
+ struct rlimit saved_rlimit_nofile = RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(0),
+ saved_rlimit_memlock = RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(RLIM_INFINITY); /* The original rlimits we passed
+ * in. Note we use different values
+ * for the two that indicate whether
+ * these fields are initialized! */
+ bool skip_setup, loaded_policy = false, queue_default_job = false, first_boot = false;
+ char *switch_root_dir = NULL, *switch_root_init = NULL;
+ usec_t before_startup, after_startup;
+ static char systemd[] = "systemd";
+ const char *shutdown_verb = NULL, *error_message = NULL;
+ int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
+ Manager *m = NULL;
+ FDSet *fds = NULL;
+
+ assert_se(argc > 0 && !isempty(argv[0]));
+
+ /* SysV compatibility: redirect init → telinit */
+ redirect_telinit(argc, argv);
+
+ /* Take timestamps early on */
+ dual_timestamp_from_monotonic(&kernel_timestamp, 0);
+ dual_timestamp_get(&userspace_timestamp);
+
+ /* Figure out whether we need to do initialize the system, or if we already did that because we are
+ * reexecuting. */
+ skip_setup = early_skip_setup_check(argc, argv);
+
+ /* If we get started via the /sbin/init symlink then we are called 'init'. After a subsequent
+ * reexecution we are then called 'systemd'. That is confusing, hence let's call us systemd
+ * right-away. */
+ program_invocation_short_name = systemd;
+ (void) prctl(PR_SET_NAME, systemd);
+
+ /* Save the original command line */
+ save_argc_argv(argc, argv);
+
+ /* Save the original environment as we might need to restore it if we're requested to execute another
+ * system manager later. */
+ r = save_env();
+ if (r < 0) {
+ error_message = "Failed to copy environment block";
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
+ /* Make sure that if the user says "syslog" we actually log to the journal. */
+ log_set_upgrade_syslog_to_journal(true);
+
+ if (getpid_cached() == 1) {
+ /* When we run as PID 1 force system mode */
+ arg_system = true;
+
+ /* Disable the umask logic */
+ umask(0);
+
+ /* Make sure that at least initially we do not ever log to journald/syslogd, because it might
+ * not be activated yet (even though the log socket for it exists). */
+ log_set_prohibit_ipc(true);
+
+ /* Always reopen /dev/console when running as PID 1 or one of its pre-execve() children. This
+ * is important so that we never end up logging to any foreign stderr, for example if we have
+ * to log in a child process right before execve()'ing the actual binary, at a point in time
+ * where socket activation stderr/stdout area already set up. */
+ log_set_always_reopen_console(true);
+
+ if (detect_container() <= 0) {
+
+ /* Running outside of a container as PID 1 */
+ log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_KMSG);
+ log_open();
+
+ if (in_initrd())
+ initrd_timestamp = userspace_timestamp;
+
+ if (!skip_setup) {
+ r = mount_setup_early();
+ if (r < 0) {
+ error_message = "Failed to mount early API filesystems";
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
+ /* Let's open the log backend a second time, in case the first time didn't
+ * work. Quite possibly we have mounted /dev just now, so /dev/kmsg became
+ * available, and it previously wasn't. */
+ log_open();
+
+ disable_printk_ratelimit();
+
+ r = initialize_security(
+ &loaded_policy,
+ &security_start_timestamp,
+ &security_finish_timestamp,
+ &error_message);
+ if (r < 0)
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
+ if (mac_selinux_init() < 0) {
+ error_message = "Failed to initialize SELinux support";
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
+ if (!skip_setup)
+ initialize_clock();
+
+ /* Set the default for later on, but don't actually open the logs like this for
+ * now. Note that if we are transitioning from the initrd there might still be
+ * journal fd open, and we shouldn't attempt opening that before we parsed
+ * /proc/cmdline which might redirect output elsewhere. */
+ log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG);
+
+ } else {
+ /* Running inside a container, as PID 1 */
+ log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE);
+ log_open();
+
+ /* For later on, see above... */
+ log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL);
+
+ /* clear the kernel timestamp, because we are in a container */
+ kernel_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL;
+ }
+
+ initialize_coredump(skip_setup);
+
+ r = fixup_environment();
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to fix up PID 1 environment: %m");
+ error_message = "Failed to fix up PID1 environment";
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
+ /* Try to figure out if we can use colors with the console. No need to do that for user
+ * instances since they never log into the console. */
+ log_show_color(colors_enabled());
+
+ r = make_null_stdio();
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to redirect standard streams to /dev/null, ignoring: %m");
+
+ /* Load the kernel modules early. */
+ if (!skip_setup)
+ (void) kmod_setup();
+
+ /* Mount /proc, /sys and friends, so that /proc/cmdline and /proc/$PID/fd is available. */
+ r = mount_setup(loaded_policy, skip_setup);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ error_message = "Failed to mount API filesystems";
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
+ /* The efivarfs is now mounted, let's read the random seed off it */
+ (void) efi_take_random_seed();
+
+ /* Cache command-line options passed from EFI variables */
+ if (!skip_setup)
+ (void) cache_efi_options_variable();
+ } else {
+ /* Running as user instance */
+ arg_system = false;
+ log_set_always_reopen_console(true);
+ log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
+ log_open();
+
+ /* clear the kernel timestamp, because we are not PID 1 */
+ kernel_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL;
+
+ /* Clear ambient capabilities, so services do not inherit them implicitly. Dropping them does
+ * not affect the permitted and effective sets which are important for the manager itself to
+ * operate. */
+ capability_ambient_set_apply(0, /* also_inherit= */ false);
+
+ if (mac_selinux_init() < 0) {
+ error_message = "Failed to initialize SELinux support";
+ goto finish;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Save the original RLIMIT_NOFILE/RLIMIT_MEMLOCK so that we can reset it later when
+ * transitioning from the initrd to the main systemd or suchlike. */
+ save_rlimits(&saved_rlimit_nofile, &saved_rlimit_memlock);
+
+ /* Reset all signal handlers. */
+ (void) reset_all_signal_handlers();
+ (void) ignore_signals(SIGNALS_IGNORE);
+
+ (void) parse_configuration(&saved_rlimit_nofile, &saved_rlimit_memlock);
+
+ r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ error_message = "Failed to parse commandline arguments";
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
+ r = safety_checks();
+ if (r < 0)
+ goto finish;
+
+ if (IN_SET(arg_action, ACTION_TEST, ACTION_HELP, ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS, ACTION_DUMP_BUS_PROPERTIES, ACTION_BUS_INTROSPECT))
+ pager_open(arg_pager_flags);
+
+ if (arg_action != ACTION_RUN)
+ skip_setup = true;
+
+ if (arg_action == ACTION_HELP) {
+ retval = help() < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
+ goto finish;
+ } else if (arg_action == ACTION_VERSION) {
+ retval = version();
+ goto finish;
+ } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS) {
+ unit_dump_config_items(stdout);
+ retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+ goto finish;
+ } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_BUS_PROPERTIES) {
+ dump_bus_properties(stdout);
+ retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+ goto finish;
+ } else if (arg_action == ACTION_BUS_INTROSPECT) {
+ r = bus_manager_introspect_implementations(stdout, arg_bus_introspect);
+ retval = r >= 0 ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
+ assert_se(IN_SET(arg_action, ACTION_RUN, ACTION_TEST));
+
+ /* Move out of the way, so that we won't block unmounts */
+ assert_se(chdir("/") == 0);
+
+ if (arg_action == ACTION_RUN) {
+ if (!skip_setup) {
+ /* Apply the systemd.clock_usec= kernel command line switch */
+ apply_clock_update();
+
+ /* Apply random seed from kernel command line */
+ cmdline_take_random_seed();
+ }
+
+ /* A core pattern might have been specified via the cmdline. */
+ initialize_core_pattern(skip_setup);
+
+ /* Close logging fds, in order not to confuse collecting passed fds and terminal logic below */
+ log_close();
+
+ /* Remember open file descriptors for later deserialization */
+ r = collect_fds(&fds, &error_message);
+ if (r < 0)
+ goto finish;
+
+ /* Give up any control of the console, but make sure its initialized. */
+ setup_console_terminal(skip_setup);
+
+ /* Open the logging devices, if possible and necessary */
+ log_open();
+ }
+
+ log_execution_mode(&first_boot);
+
+ r = initialize_runtime(skip_setup,
+ first_boot,
+ &saved_rlimit_nofile,
+ &saved_rlimit_memlock,
+ &error_message);
+ if (r < 0)
+ goto finish;
+
+ r = manager_new(arg_system ? LOOKUP_SCOPE_SYSTEM : LOOKUP_SCOPE_USER,
+ arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? MANAGER_TEST_FULL : 0,
+ &m);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to allocate manager object: %m");
+ error_message = "Failed to allocate manager object";
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
+ m->timestamps[MANAGER_TIMESTAMP_KERNEL] = kernel_timestamp;
+ m->timestamps[MANAGER_TIMESTAMP_INITRD] = initrd_timestamp;
+ m->timestamps[MANAGER_TIMESTAMP_USERSPACE] = userspace_timestamp;
+ m->timestamps[manager_timestamp_initrd_mangle(MANAGER_TIMESTAMP_SECURITY_START)] = security_start_timestamp;
+ m->timestamps[manager_timestamp_initrd_mangle(MANAGER_TIMESTAMP_SECURITY_FINISH)] = security_finish_timestamp;
+
+ set_manager_defaults(m);
+ set_manager_settings(m);
+ manager_set_first_boot(m, first_boot);
+ manager_set_switching_root(m, arg_switched_root);
+
+ /* Remember whether we should queue the default job */
+ queue_default_job = !arg_serialization || arg_switched_root;
+
+ before_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+
+ r = manager_startup(m, arg_serialization, fds, /* root= */ NULL);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ error_message = "Failed to start up manager";
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
+ /* This will close all file descriptors that were opened, but not claimed by any unit. */
+ fds = fdset_free(fds);
+ arg_serialization = safe_fclose(arg_serialization);
+
+ if (queue_default_job) {
+ r = do_queue_default_job(m, &error_message);
+ if (r < 0)
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
+ after_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+
+ log_full(arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG,
+ "Loaded units and determined initial transaction in %s.",
+ FORMAT_TIMESPAN(after_startup - before_startup, 100 * USEC_PER_MSEC));
+
+ if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
+ manager_test_summary(m);
+ retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
+ r = invoke_main_loop(m,
+ &saved_rlimit_nofile,
+ &saved_rlimit_memlock,
+ &retval,
+ &shutdown_verb,
+ &fds,
+ &switch_root_dir,
+ &switch_root_init,
+ &error_message);
+ assert(r < 0 || IN_SET(r, MANAGER_EXIT, /* MANAGER_OK is not expected here. */
+ MANAGER_RELOAD,
+ MANAGER_REEXECUTE,
+ MANAGER_REBOOT,
+ MANAGER_POWEROFF,
+ MANAGER_HALT,
+ MANAGER_KEXEC,
+ MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT));
+
+finish:
+ pager_close();
+
+ if (m) {
+ arg_reboot_watchdog = manager_get_watchdog(m, WATCHDOG_REBOOT);
+ arg_kexec_watchdog = manager_get_watchdog(m, WATCHDOG_KEXEC);
+ m = manager_free(m);
+ }
+
+ mac_selinux_finish();
+
+ if (IN_SET(r, MANAGER_REEXECUTE, MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT))
+ r = do_reexecute(r,
+ argc, argv,
+ &saved_rlimit_nofile,
+ &saved_rlimit_memlock,
+ fds,
+ switch_root_dir,
+ switch_root_init,
+ &error_message); /* This only returns if reexecution failed */
+
+ arg_serialization = safe_fclose(arg_serialization);
+ fds = fdset_free(fds);
+
+ saved_env = strv_free(saved_env);
+
+#if HAVE_VALGRIND_VALGRIND_H
+ /* If we are PID 1 and running under valgrind, then let's exit
+ * here explicitly. valgrind will only generate nice output on
+ * exit(), not on exec(), hence let's do the former not the
+ * latter here. */
+ if (getpid_cached() == 1 && RUNNING_ON_VALGRIND) {
+ /* Cleanup watchdog_device strings for valgrind. We need them
+ * in become_shutdown() so normally we cannot free them yet. */
+ watchdog_free_device();
+ reset_arguments();
+ return retval;
+ }
+#endif
+
+#if HAS_FEATURE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER
+ __lsan_do_leak_check();
+#endif
+
+ /* Try to invoke the shutdown binary unless we already failed.
+ * If we failed above, we want to freeze after finishing cleanup. */
+ if (r >= 0 && shutdown_verb) {
+ r = become_shutdown(shutdown_verb, retval);
+ log_error_errno(r, "Failed to execute shutdown binary, %s: %m", getpid_cached() == 1 ? "freezing" : "quitting");
+ error_message = "Failed to execute shutdown binary";
+ }
+
+ watchdog_free_device();
+ arg_watchdog_device = mfree(arg_watchdog_device);
+
+ if (getpid_cached() == 1) {
+ if (error_message)
+ manager_status_printf(NULL, STATUS_TYPE_EMERGENCY,
+ ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED "!!!!!!" ANSI_NORMAL,
+ "%s.", error_message);
+ freeze_or_exit_or_reboot();
+ }
+
+ reset_arguments();
+ return retval;
+}