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+// Copyright (c) the JPEG XL Project Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#ifndef LIB_JXL_IMAGE_H_
+#define LIB_JXL_IMAGE_H_
+
+// SIMD/multicore-friendly planar image representation with row accessors.
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <utility> // std::move
+
+#include "lib/jxl/base/cache_aligned.h"
+#include "lib/jxl/base/compiler_specific.h"
+#include "lib/jxl/base/status.h"
+#include "lib/jxl/common.h"
+
+namespace jxl {
+
+// Helper function to create rows that are multiples of SIMD vector size.
+size_t VectorSize();
+
+// Type-independent parts of Plane<> - reduces code duplication and facilitates
+// moving member function implementations to cc file.
+struct PlaneBase {
+ PlaneBase()
+ : xsize_(0),
+ ysize_(0),
+ orig_xsize_(0),
+ orig_ysize_(0),
+ bytes_per_row_(0),
+ bytes_(nullptr) {}
+ PlaneBase(size_t xsize, size_t ysize, size_t sizeof_t);
+
+ // Copy construction/assignment is forbidden to avoid inadvertent copies,
+ // which can be very expensive. Use CopyImageTo() instead.
+ PlaneBase(const PlaneBase& other) = delete;
+ PlaneBase& operator=(const PlaneBase& other) = delete;
+
+ // Move constructor (required for returning Image from function)
+ PlaneBase(PlaneBase&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+ // Move assignment (required for std::vector)
+ PlaneBase& operator=(PlaneBase&& other) noexcept = default;
+
+ void Swap(PlaneBase& other);
+
+ // Useful for pre-allocating image with some padding for alignment purposes
+ // and later reporting the actual valid dimensions. May also be used to
+ // un-shrink the image. Caller is responsible for ensuring xsize/ysize are <=
+ // the original dimensions.
+ void ShrinkTo(const size_t xsize, const size_t ysize) {
+ JXL_CHECK(xsize <= orig_xsize_);
+ JXL_CHECK(ysize <= orig_ysize_);
+ xsize_ = static_cast<uint32_t>(xsize);
+ ysize_ = static_cast<uint32_t>(ysize);
+ // NOTE: we can't recompute bytes_per_row for more compact storage and
+ // better locality because that would invalidate the image contents.
+ }
+
+ // How many pixels.
+ JXL_INLINE size_t xsize() const { return xsize_; }
+ JXL_INLINE size_t ysize() const { return ysize_; }
+
+ // NOTE: do not use this for copying rows - the valid xsize may be much less.
+ JXL_INLINE size_t bytes_per_row() const { return bytes_per_row_; }
+
+ // Raw access to byte contents, for interfacing with other libraries.
+ // Unsigned char instead of char to avoid surprises (sign extension).
+ JXL_INLINE uint8_t* bytes() {
+ void* p = bytes_.get();
+ return static_cast<uint8_t * JXL_RESTRICT>(JXL_ASSUME_ALIGNED(p, 64));
+ }
+ JXL_INLINE const uint8_t* bytes() const {
+ const void* p = bytes_.get();
+ return static_cast<const uint8_t * JXL_RESTRICT>(JXL_ASSUME_ALIGNED(p, 64));
+ }
+
+ protected:
+ // Returns pointer to the start of a row.
+ JXL_INLINE void* VoidRow(const size_t y) const {
+#if defined(ADDRESS_SANITIZER) || defined(MEMORY_SANITIZER) || \
+ defined(THREAD_SANITIZER)
+ if (y >= ysize_) {
+ JXL_ABORT("Row(%" PRIu64 ") in (%u x %u) image\n", (uint64_t)y, xsize_,
+ ysize_);
+ }
+#endif
+
+ void* row = bytes_.get() + y * bytes_per_row_;
+ return JXL_ASSUME_ALIGNED(row, 64);
+ }
+
+ enum class Padding {
+ // Allow Load(d, row + x) for x = 0; x < xsize(); x += Lanes(d). Default.
+ kRoundUp,
+ // Allow LoadU(d, row + x) for x = xsize() - 1. This requires an extra
+ // vector to be initialized. If done by default, this would suppress
+ // legitimate msan warnings. We therefore require users to explicitly call
+ // InitializePadding before using unaligned loads (e.g. convolution).
+ kUnaligned
+ };
+
+ // Initializes the minimum bytes required to suppress msan warnings from
+ // legitimate (according to Padding mode) vector loads/stores on the right
+ // border, where some lanes are uninitialized and assumed to be unused.
+ void InitializePadding(size_t sizeof_t, Padding padding);
+
+ // (Members are non-const to enable assignment during move-assignment.)
+ uint32_t xsize_; // In valid pixels, not including any padding.
+ uint32_t ysize_;
+ uint32_t orig_xsize_;
+ uint32_t orig_ysize_;
+ size_t bytes_per_row_; // Includes padding.
+ CacheAlignedUniquePtr bytes_;
+};
+
+// Single channel, aligned rows separated by padding. T must be POD.
+//
+// 'Single channel' (one 2D array per channel) simplifies vectorization
+// (repeating the same operation on multiple adjacent components) without the
+// complexity of a hybrid layout (8 R, 8 G, 8 B, ...). In particular, clients
+// can easily iterate over all components in a row and Image requires no
+// knowledge of the pixel format beyond the component type "T".
+//
+// 'Aligned' means each row is aligned to the L1 cache line size. This prevents
+// false sharing between two threads operating on adjacent rows.
+//
+// 'Padding' is still relevant because vectors could potentially be larger than
+// a cache line. By rounding up row sizes to the vector size, we allow
+// reading/writing ALIGNED vectors whose first lane is a valid sample. This
+// avoids needing a separate loop to handle remaining unaligned lanes.
+//
+// This image layout could also be achieved with a vector and a row accessor
+// function, but a class wrapper with support for "deleter" allows wrapping
+// existing memory allocated by clients without copying the pixels. It also
+// provides convenient accessors for xsize/ysize, which shortens function
+// argument lists. Supports move-construction so it can be stored in containers.
+template <typename ComponentType>
+class Plane : public PlaneBase {
+ public:
+ using T = ComponentType;
+ static constexpr size_t kNumPlanes = 1;
+
+ Plane() = default;
+ Plane(const size_t xsize, const size_t ysize)
+ : PlaneBase(xsize, ysize, sizeof(T)) {}
+
+ void InitializePaddingForUnalignedAccesses() {
+ InitializePadding(sizeof(T), Padding::kUnaligned);
+ }
+
+ JXL_INLINE T* Row(const size_t y) { return static_cast<T*>(VoidRow(y)); }
+
+ // Returns pointer to const (see above).
+ JXL_INLINE const T* Row(const size_t y) const {
+ return static_cast<const T*>(VoidRow(y));
+ }
+
+ // Documents that the access is const.
+ JXL_INLINE const T* ConstRow(const size_t y) const {
+ return static_cast<const T*>(VoidRow(y));
+ }
+
+ // Returns number of pixels (some of which are padding) per row. Useful for
+ // computing other rows via pointer arithmetic. WARNING: this must
+ // NOT be used to determine xsize.
+ JXL_INLINE intptr_t PixelsPerRow() const {
+ return static_cast<intptr_t>(bytes_per_row_ / sizeof(T));
+ }
+};
+
+using ImageSB = Plane<int8_t>;
+using ImageB = Plane<uint8_t>;
+using ImageS = Plane<int16_t>; // signed integer or half-float
+using ImageU = Plane<uint16_t>;
+using ImageI = Plane<int32_t>;
+using ImageF = Plane<float>;
+using ImageD = Plane<double>;
+
+// Also works for Image3 and mixed argument types.
+template <class Image1, class Image2>
+bool SameSize(const Image1& image1, const Image2& image2) {
+ return image1.xsize() == image2.xsize() && image1.ysize() == image2.ysize();
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+class Image3;
+
+// Rectangular region in image(s). Factoring this out of Image instead of
+// shifting the pointer by x0/y0 allows this to apply to multiple images with
+// different resolutions (e.g. color transform and quantization field).
+// Can compare using SameSize(rect1, rect2).
+template <typename T>
+class RectT {
+ public:
+ // Most windows are xsize_max * ysize_max, except those on the borders where
+ // begin + size_max > end.
+ constexpr RectT(T xbegin, T ybegin, size_t xsize_max, size_t ysize_max,
+ T xend, T yend)
+ : x0_(xbegin),
+ y0_(ybegin),
+ xsize_(ClampedSize(xbegin, xsize_max, xend)),
+ ysize_(ClampedSize(ybegin, ysize_max, yend)) {}
+
+ // Construct with origin and known size (typically from another Rect).
+ constexpr RectT(T xbegin, T ybegin, size_t xsize, size_t ysize)
+ : x0_(xbegin), y0_(ybegin), xsize_(xsize), ysize_(ysize) {}
+
+ // Construct a rect that covers a whole image/plane/ImageBundle etc.
+ template <typename ImageT>
+ explicit RectT(const ImageT& image)
+ : RectT(0, 0, image.xsize(), image.ysize()) {}
+
+ RectT() : RectT(0, 0, 0, 0) {}
+
+ RectT(const RectT&) = default;
+ RectT& operator=(const RectT&) = default;
+
+ // Construct a subrect that resides in an image/plane/ImageBundle etc.
+ template <typename ImageT>
+ RectT Crop(const ImageT& image) const {
+ return Intersection(RectT(image));
+ }
+
+ // Construct a subrect that resides in the [0, ysize) x [0, xsize) region of
+ // the current rect.
+ RectT Crop(size_t area_xsize, size_t area_ysize) const {
+ return Intersection(RectT(0, 0, area_xsize, area_ysize));
+ }
+
+ // Returns a rect that only contains `num` lines with offset `y` from `y0()`.
+ RectT Lines(size_t y, size_t num) const {
+ JXL_DASSERT(y + num <= ysize_);
+ return RectT(x0_, y0_ + y, xsize_, num);
+ }
+
+ RectT Line(size_t y) const { return Lines(y, 1); }
+
+ JXL_MUST_USE_RESULT RectT Intersection(const RectT& other) const {
+ return RectT(std::max(x0_, other.x0_), std::max(y0_, other.y0_), xsize_,
+ ysize_, std::min(x1(), other.x1()),
+ std::min(y1(), other.y1()));
+ }
+
+ JXL_MUST_USE_RESULT RectT Translate(int64_t x_offset,
+ int64_t y_offset) const {
+ return RectT(x0_ + x_offset, y0_ + y_offset, xsize_, ysize_);
+ }
+
+ template <typename V>
+ V* Row(Plane<V>* image, size_t y) const {
+ JXL_DASSERT(y + y0_ >= 0);
+ return image->Row(y + y0_) + x0_;
+ }
+
+ template <typename V>
+ const V* Row(const Plane<V>* image, size_t y) const {
+ JXL_DASSERT(y + y0_ >= 0);
+ return image->Row(y + y0_) + x0_;
+ }
+
+ template <typename V>
+ V* PlaneRow(Image3<V>* image, const size_t c, size_t y) const {
+ JXL_DASSERT(y + y0_ >= 0);
+ return image->PlaneRow(c, y + y0_) + x0_;
+ }
+
+ template <typename V>
+ const V* ConstRow(const Plane<V>& image, size_t y) const {
+ JXL_DASSERT(y + y0_ >= 0);
+ return image.ConstRow(y + y0_) + x0_;
+ }
+
+ template <typename V>
+ const V* ConstPlaneRow(const Image3<V>& image, size_t c, size_t y) const {
+ JXL_DASSERT(y + y0_ >= 0);
+ return image.ConstPlaneRow(c, y + y0_) + x0_;
+ }
+
+ bool IsInside(const RectT& other) const {
+ return x0_ >= other.x0() && x1() <= other.x1() && y0_ >= other.y0() &&
+ y1() <= other.y1();
+ }
+
+ // Returns true if this Rect fully resides in the given image. ImageT could be
+ // Plane<T> or Image3<T>; however if ImageT is Rect, results are nonsensical.
+ template <class ImageT>
+ bool IsInside(const ImageT& image) const {
+ return IsInside(RectT(image));
+ }
+
+ T x0() const { return x0_; }
+ T y0() const { return y0_; }
+ size_t xsize() const { return xsize_; }
+ size_t ysize() const { return ysize_; }
+ T x1() const { return x0_ + xsize_; }
+ T y1() const { return y0_ + ysize_; }
+
+ RectT<T> ShiftLeft(size_t shiftx, size_t shifty) const {
+ return RectT<T>(x0_ * (1 << shiftx), y0_ * (1 << shifty), xsize_ << shiftx,
+ ysize_ << shifty);
+ }
+ RectT<T> ShiftLeft(size_t shift) const { return ShiftLeft(shift, shift); }
+
+ // Requires x0(), y0() to be multiples of 1<<shiftx, 1<<shifty.
+ RectT<T> CeilShiftRight(size_t shiftx, size_t shifty) const {
+ JXL_ASSERT(x0_ % (1 << shiftx) == 0);
+ JXL_ASSERT(y0_ % (1 << shifty) == 0);
+ return RectT<T>(x0_ / (1 << shiftx), y0_ / (1 << shifty),
+ DivCeil(xsize_, T{1} << shiftx),
+ DivCeil(ysize_, T{1} << shifty));
+ }
+ RectT<T> CeilShiftRight(std::pair<size_t, size_t> shift) const {
+ return CeilShiftRight(shift.first, shift.second);
+ }
+ RectT<T> CeilShiftRight(size_t shift) const {
+ return CeilShiftRight(shift, shift);
+ }
+
+ template <typename U>
+ RectT<U> As() const {
+ return RectT<U>(U(x0_), U(y0_), U(xsize_), U(ysize_));
+ }
+
+ private:
+ // Returns size_max, or whatever is left in [begin, end).
+ static constexpr size_t ClampedSize(T begin, size_t size_max, T end) {
+ return (static_cast<T>(begin + size_max) <= end)
+ ? size_max
+ : (end > begin ? end - begin : 0);
+ }
+
+ T x0_;
+ T y0_;
+
+ size_t xsize_;
+ size_t ysize_;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+std::string Description(RectT<T> r) {
+ std::ostringstream os;
+ os << "[" << r.x0() << ".." << r.x1() << ")x"
+ << "[" << r.y0() << ".." << r.y1() << ")";
+ return os.str();
+}
+
+using Rect = RectT<size_t>;
+
+// Currently, we abuse Image to either refer to an image that owns its storage
+// or one that doesn't. In similar vein, we abuse Image* function parameters to
+// either mean "assign to me" or "fill the provided image with data".
+// Hopefully, the "assign to me" meaning will go away and most images in the
+// codebase will not be backed by own storage. When this happens we can redesign
+// Image to be a non-storage-holding view class and introduce BackedImage in
+// those places that actually need it.
+
+// NOTE: we can't use Image as a view because invariants are violated
+// (alignment and the presence of padding before/after each "row").
+
+// A bundle of 3 same-sized images. Typically constructed by moving from three
+// rvalue references to Image. To overwrite an existing Image3 using
+// single-channel producers, we also need access to Image*. Constructing
+// temporary non-owning Image pointing to one plane of an existing Image3 risks
+// dangling references, especially if the wrapper is moved. Therefore, we
+// store an array of Image (which are compact enough that size is not a concern)
+// and provide Plane+Row accessors.
+template <typename ComponentType>
+class Image3 {
+ public:
+ using T = ComponentType;
+ using PlaneT = jxl::Plane<T>;
+ static constexpr size_t kNumPlanes = 3;
+
+ Image3() : planes_{PlaneT(), PlaneT(), PlaneT()} {}
+
+ Image3(const size_t xsize, const size_t ysize)
+ : planes_{PlaneT(xsize, ysize), PlaneT(xsize, ysize),
+ PlaneT(xsize, ysize)} {}
+
+ Image3(Image3&& other) noexcept {
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumPlanes; i++) {
+ planes_[i] = std::move(other.planes_[i]);
+ }
+ }
+
+ Image3(PlaneT&& plane0, PlaneT&& plane1, PlaneT&& plane2) {
+ JXL_CHECK(SameSize(plane0, plane1));
+ JXL_CHECK(SameSize(plane0, plane2));
+ planes_[0] = std::move(plane0);
+ planes_[1] = std::move(plane1);
+ planes_[2] = std::move(plane2);
+ }
+
+ // Copy construction/assignment is forbidden to avoid inadvertent copies,
+ // which can be very expensive. Use CopyImageTo instead.
+ Image3(const Image3& other) = delete;
+ Image3& operator=(const Image3& other) = delete;
+
+ Image3& operator=(Image3&& other) noexcept {
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumPlanes; i++) {
+ planes_[i] = std::move(other.planes_[i]);
+ }
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ // Returns row pointer; usage: PlaneRow(idx_plane, y)[x] = val.
+ JXL_INLINE T* PlaneRow(const size_t c, const size_t y) {
+ // Custom implementation instead of calling planes_[c].Row ensures only a
+ // single multiplication is needed for PlaneRow(0..2, y).
+ PlaneRowBoundsCheck(c, y);
+ const size_t row_offset = y * planes_[0].bytes_per_row();
+ void* row = planes_[c].bytes() + row_offset;
+ return static_cast<T * JXL_RESTRICT>(JXL_ASSUME_ALIGNED(row, 64));
+ }
+
+ // Returns const row pointer; usage: val = PlaneRow(idx_plane, y)[x].
+ JXL_INLINE const T* PlaneRow(const size_t c, const size_t y) const {
+ PlaneRowBoundsCheck(c, y);
+ const size_t row_offset = y * planes_[0].bytes_per_row();
+ const void* row = planes_[c].bytes() + row_offset;
+ return static_cast<const T * JXL_RESTRICT>(JXL_ASSUME_ALIGNED(row, 64));
+ }
+
+ // Returns const row pointer, even if called from a non-const Image3.
+ JXL_INLINE const T* ConstPlaneRow(const size_t c, const size_t y) const {
+ PlaneRowBoundsCheck(c, y);
+ return PlaneRow(c, y);
+ }
+
+ JXL_INLINE const PlaneT& Plane(size_t idx) const { return planes_[idx]; }
+
+ JXL_INLINE PlaneT& Plane(size_t idx) { return planes_[idx]; }
+
+ void Swap(Image3& other) {
+ for (size_t c = 0; c < 3; ++c) {
+ other.planes_[c].Swap(planes_[c]);
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Useful for pre-allocating image with some padding for alignment purposes
+ // and later reporting the actual valid dimensions. May also be used to
+ // un-shrink the image. Caller is responsible for ensuring xsize/ysize are <=
+ // the original dimensions.
+ void ShrinkTo(const size_t xsize, const size_t ysize) {
+ for (PlaneT& plane : planes_) {
+ plane.ShrinkTo(xsize, ysize);
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Sizes of all three images are guaranteed to be equal.
+ JXL_INLINE size_t xsize() const { return planes_[0].xsize(); }
+ JXL_INLINE size_t ysize() const { return planes_[0].ysize(); }
+ // Returns offset [bytes] from one row to the next row of the same plane.
+ // WARNING: this must NOT be used to determine xsize, nor for copying rows -
+ // the valid xsize may be much less.
+ JXL_INLINE size_t bytes_per_row() const { return planes_[0].bytes_per_row(); }
+ // Returns number of pixels (some of which are padding) per row. Useful for
+ // computing other rows via pointer arithmetic. WARNING: this must NOT be used
+ // to determine xsize.
+ JXL_INLINE intptr_t PixelsPerRow() const { return planes_[0].PixelsPerRow(); }
+
+ private:
+ void PlaneRowBoundsCheck(const size_t c, const size_t y) const {
+#if defined(ADDRESS_SANITIZER) || defined(MEMORY_SANITIZER) || \
+ defined(THREAD_SANITIZER)
+ if (c >= kNumPlanes || y >= ysize()) {
+ JXL_ABORT("PlaneRow(%" PRIu64 ", %" PRIu64 ") in (%" PRIu64 " x %" PRIu64
+ ") image\n",
+ static_cast<uint64_t>(c), static_cast<uint64_t>(y),
+ static_cast<uint64_t>(xsize()), static_cast<uint64_t>(ysize()));
+ }
+#endif
+ }
+
+ private:
+ PlaneT planes_[kNumPlanes];
+};
+
+using Image3B = Image3<uint8_t>;
+using Image3S = Image3<int16_t>;
+using Image3U = Image3<uint16_t>;
+using Image3I = Image3<int32_t>;
+using Image3F = Image3<float>;
+using Image3D = Image3<double>;
+
+} // namespace jxl
+
+#endif // LIB_JXL_IMAGE_H_