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diff --git a/login-utils/last.1.adoc b/login-utils/last.1.adoc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1157ae9 --- /dev/null +++ b/login-utils/last.1.adoc @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +//po4a: entry man manual +//// +Copyright (C) 1998-2004 Miquel van Smoorenburg. + +This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify +it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or +(at your option) any later version. + +This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +GNU General Public License for more details. + +You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software +Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA +//// += last(1) +:doctype: manpage +:man manual: User Commands +:man source: util-linux {release-version} +:page-layout: base +:command: last + +== NAME + +last, lastb - show a listing of last logged in users + +== SYNOPSIS + +*last* [options] [_username_...] [_tty_...] + +*lastb* [options] [_username_...] [_tty_...] + +== DESCRIPTION + +*last* searches back through the _/var/log/wtmp_ file (or the file designated by the *-f* option) and displays a list of all users logged in (and out) since that file was created. One or more _usernames_ and/or _ttys_ can be given, in which case *last* will show only the entries matching those arguments. Names of _ttys_ can be abbreviated, thus *last 0* is the same as *last tty0*. + +When catching a *SIGINT* signal (generated by the interrupt key, usually control-C) or a *SIGQUIT* signal, *last* will show how far it has searched through the file; in the case of the *SIGINT* signal *last* will then terminate. + +The pseudo user *reboot* logs in each time the system is rebooted. Thus *last reboot* will show a log of all the reboots since the log file was created. + +*lastb* is the same as *last*, except that by default it shows a log of the _/var/log/btmp_ file, which contains all the bad login attempts. + +== OPTIONS + +*-a*, *--hostlast*:: +Display the hostname in the last column. Useful in combination with the *--dns* option. + +*-d*, *--dns*:: +For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of the remote host, but its IP number as well. This option translates the IP number back into a hostname. + +*-f*, *--file* _file_:: +Tell *last* to use a specific _file_ instead of _/var/log/wtmp_. The *--file* option can be given multiple times, and all of the specified files will be processed. + +*-F*, *--fulltimes*:: +Print full login and logout times and dates. + +*-i*, *--ip*:: +Like *--dns ,* but displays the host's IP number instead of the name. + +**-**__number__; *-n*, *--limit* _number_:: +Tell *last* how many lines to show. + +*-p*, *--present* _time_:: +Display the users who were present at the specified time. This is like using the options *--since* and *--until* together with the same _time_. + +*-R*, *--nohostname*:: +Suppresses the display of the hostname field. + +*-s*, *--since* _time_:: +Display the state of logins since the specified _time_. This is useful, e.g., to easily determine who was logged in at a particular time. The option is often combined with *--until*. + +*-t*, *--until* _time_:: +Display the state of logins until the specified _time_. + +*--time-format* _format_:: +Define the output timestamp _format_ to be one of _notime_, _short_, _full_, or _iso_. The _notime_ variant will not print any timestamps at all, _short_ is the default, and _full_ is the same as the *--fulltimes* option. The _iso_ variant will display the timestamp in ISO-8601 format. The ISO format contains timezone information, making it preferable when printouts are investigated outside of the system. + +*-w*, *--fullnames*:: +Display full user names and domain names in the output. + +*-x*, *--system*:: +Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes. + +include::man-common/help-version.adoc[] + +== TIME FORMATS + +The options that take the _time_ argument understand the following formats: + +[cols=",",] +|=== +|YYYYMMDDhhmmss | +|YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss | +|YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm |(seconds will be set to 00) +|YYYY-MM-DD |(time will be set to 00:00:00) +|hh:mm:ss |(date will be set to today) +|hh:mm |(date will be set to today, seconds to 00) +|now | +|yesterday |(time is set to 00:00:00) +|today |(time is set to 00:00:00) +|tomorrow |(time is set to 00:00:00) +|+5min | +|-5days | +|=== + +== FILES + +_/var/log/wtmp_, +_/var/log/btmp_ + +== NOTES + +The files _wtmp_ and _btmp_ might not be found. The system only logs information in these files if they are present. This is a local configuration issue. If you want the files to be used, they can be created with a simple *touch*(1) command (for example, *touch /var/log/wtmp*). + +An empty entry is a valid type of wtmp entry. It means that an empty file or file with zeros is not interpreted as an error. + +== AUTHORS + +mailto:miquels@cistron.nl[Miquel van Smoorenburg] + +== SEE ALSO + +*login*(1), +*wtmp*(5), +*init*(8), +*shutdown*(8) + +include::man-common/bugreports.adoc[] + +include::man-common/footer.adoc[] + +ifdef::translation[] +include::man-common/translation.adoc[] +endif::[] |