diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'sys-utils/hwclock-cmos.c')
| -rw-r--r-- | sys-utils/hwclock-cmos.c | 387 |
1 files changed, 387 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/sys-utils/hwclock-cmos.c b/sys-utils/hwclock-cmos.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..56ee624 --- /dev/null +++ b/sys-utils/hwclock-cmos.c @@ -0,0 +1,387 @@ +/* + * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later + * + * i386 CMOS starts out with 14 bytes clock data alpha has something + * similar, but with details depending on the machine type. + * + * byte 0: seconds 0-59 + * byte 2: minutes 0-59 + * byte 4: hours 0-23 in 24hr mode, + * 1-12 in 12hr mode, with high bit unset/set + * if am/pm. + * byte 6: weekday 1-7, Sunday=1 + * byte 7: day of the month 1-31 + * byte 8: month 1-12 + * byte 9: year 0-99 + * + * Numbers are stored in BCD/binary if bit 2 of byte 11 is unset/set The + * clock is in 12hr/24hr mode if bit 1 of byte 11 is unset/set The clock is + * undefined (being updated) if bit 7 of byte 10 is set. The clock is frozen + * (to be updated) by setting bit 7 of byte 11 Bit 7 of byte 14 indicates + * whether the CMOS clock is reliable: it is 1 if RTC power has been good + * since this bit was last read; it is 0 when the battery is dead and system + * power has been off. + * + * Avoid setting the RTC clock within 2 seconds of the day rollover that + * starts a new month or enters daylight saving time. + * + * The century situation is messy: + * + * Usually byte 50 (0x32) gives the century (in BCD, so 19 or 20 hex), but + * IBM PS/2 has (part of) a checksum there and uses byte 55 (0x37). + * Sometimes byte 127 (0x7f) or Bank 1, byte 0x48 gives the century. The + * original RTC will not access any century byte; some modern versions will. + * If a modern RTC or BIOS increments the century byte it may go from 0x19 + * to 0x20, but in some buggy cases 0x1a is produced. + */ +/* + * A struct tm has int fields + * tm_sec 0-59, 60 or 61 only for leap seconds + * tm_min 0-59 + * tm_hour 0-23 + * tm_mday 1-31 + * tm_mon 0-11 + * tm_year number of years since 1900 + * tm_wday 0-6, 0=Sunday + * tm_yday 0-365 + * tm_isdst >0: yes, 0: no, <0: unknown + */ + +#include <fcntl.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <time.h> +#include <unistd.h> + +#include "c.h" +#include "nls.h" +#include "pathnames.h" + +/* for inb, outb */ +#ifdef HAVE_SYS_IO_H +# include <sys/io.h> +#elif defined(HAVE_ASM_IO_H) +# include <asm/io.h> +#else +# error "no sys/io.h or asm/io.h" +#endif /* HAVE_SYS_IO_H, HAVE_ASM_IO_H */ + +#include "hwclock.h" + +#define BCD_TO_BIN(val) ((val)=((val)&15) + ((val)>>4)*10) +#define BIN_TO_BCD(val) ((val)=(((val)/10)<<4) + (val)%10) + +#define IOPL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED -2 + +/* + * POSIX uses 1900 as epoch for a struct tm, and 1970 for a time_t. + */ +#define TM_EPOCH 1900 + +static unsigned short clock_ctl_addr = 0x70; +static unsigned short clock_data_addr = 0x71; + +/* + * Hmmh, this isn't very atomic. Maybe we should force an error instead? + * + * TODO: optimize the access to CMOS by mlockall(MCL_CURRENT) and SCHED_FIFO + */ +static unsigned long atomic(unsigned long (*op) (unsigned long), + unsigned long arg) +{ + return (*op) (arg); +} + +/* + * We only want to read CMOS data, but unfortunately writing to bit 7 + * disables (1) or enables (0) NMI; since this bit is read-only we have + * to guess the old status. Various docs suggest that one should disable + * NMI while reading/writing CMOS data, and enable it again afterwards. + * This would yield the sequence + * + * outb (reg | 0x80, 0x70); + * val = inb(0x71); + * outb (0x0d, 0x70); // 0x0d: random read-only location + * + * Other docs state that "any write to 0x70 should be followed by an + * action to 0x71 or the RTC will be left in an unknown state". Most + * docs say that it doesn't matter at all what one does. + * + * bit 0x80: disable NMI while reading - should we? Let us follow the + * kernel and not disable. Called only with 0 <= reg < 128 + */ + +static inline unsigned long cmos_read(unsigned long reg) +{ + outb(reg, clock_ctl_addr); + return inb(clock_data_addr); +} + +static inline unsigned long cmos_write(unsigned long reg, unsigned long val) +{ + outb(reg, clock_ctl_addr); + outb(val, clock_data_addr); + return 0; +} + +static unsigned long cmos_set_time(unsigned long arg) +{ + unsigned char save_control, save_freq_select, pmbit = 0; + struct tm tm = *(struct tm *)arg; + +/* + * CMOS byte 10 (clock status register A) has 3 bitfields: + * bit 7: 1 if data invalid, update in progress (read-only bit) + * (this is raised 224 us before the actual update starts) + * 6-4 select base frequency + * 010: 32768 Hz time base (default) + * 111: reset + * all other combinations are manufacturer-dependent + * (e.g.: DS1287: 010 = start oscillator, anything else = stop) + * 3-0 rate selection bits for interrupt + * 0000 none (may stop RTC) + * 0001, 0010 give same frequency as 1000, 1001 + * 0011 122 microseconds (minimum, 8192 Hz) + * .... each increase by 1 halves the frequency, doubles the period + * 1111 500 milliseconds (maximum, 2 Hz) + * 0110 976.562 microseconds (default 1024 Hz) + */ + save_control = cmos_read(11); /* tell the clock it's being set */ + cmos_write(11, (save_control | 0x80)); + save_freq_select = cmos_read(10); /* stop and reset prescaler */ + cmos_write(10, (save_freq_select | 0x70)); + + tm.tm_year %= 100; + tm.tm_mon += 1; + tm.tm_wday += 1; + + if (!(save_control & 0x02)) { /* 12hr mode; the default is 24hr mode */ + if (tm.tm_hour == 0) + tm.tm_hour = 24; + if (tm.tm_hour > 12) { + tm.tm_hour -= 12; + pmbit = 0x80; + } + } + + if (!(save_control & 0x04)) { /* BCD mode - the default */ + BIN_TO_BCD(tm.tm_sec); + BIN_TO_BCD(tm.tm_min); + BIN_TO_BCD(tm.tm_hour); + BIN_TO_BCD(tm.tm_wday); + BIN_TO_BCD(tm.tm_mday); + BIN_TO_BCD(tm.tm_mon); + BIN_TO_BCD(tm.tm_year); + } + + cmos_write(0, tm.tm_sec); + cmos_write(2, tm.tm_min); + cmos_write(4, tm.tm_hour | pmbit); + cmos_write(6, tm.tm_wday); + cmos_write(7, tm.tm_mday); + cmos_write(8, tm.tm_mon); + cmos_write(9, tm.tm_year); + + /* + * The kernel sources, linux/arch/i386/kernel/time.c, have the + * following comment: + * + * The following flags have to be released exactly in this order, + * otherwise the DS12887 (popular MC146818A clone with integrated + * battery and quartz) will not reset the oscillator and will not + * update precisely 500 ms later. You won't find this mentioned in + * the Dallas Semiconductor data sheets, but who believes data + * sheets anyway ... -- Markus Kuhn + */ + cmos_write(11, save_control); + cmos_write(10, save_freq_select); + return 0; +} + +static int hclock_read(unsigned long reg) +{ + return atomic(cmos_read, reg); +} + +static void hclock_set_time(const struct tm *tm) +{ + atomic(cmos_set_time, (unsigned long)(tm)); +} + +static inline int cmos_clock_busy(void) +{ + return + /* poll bit 7 (UIP) of Control Register A */ + (hclock_read(10) & 0x80); +} + +static int synchronize_to_clock_tick_cmos(const struct hwclock_control *ctl + __attribute__((__unused__))) +{ + int i; + + /* + * Wait for rise. Should be within a second, but in case something + * weird happens, we have a limit on this loop to reduce the impact + * of this failure. + */ + for (i = 0; !cmos_clock_busy(); i++) + if (i >= 10000000) + return 1; + + /* Wait for fall. Should be within 2.228 ms. */ + for (i = 0; cmos_clock_busy(); i++) + if (i >= 1000000) + return 1; + return 0; +} + +/* + * Read the hardware clock and return the current time via <tm> argument. + * Assume we have an ISA machine and read the clock directly with CPU I/O + * instructions. + * + * This function is not totally reliable. It takes a finite and + * unpredictable amount of time to execute the code below. During that time, + * the clock may change and we may even read an invalid value in the middle + * of an update. We do a few checks to minimize this possibility, but only + * the kernel can actually read the clock properly, since it can execute + * code in a short and predictable amount of time (by turning of + * interrupts). + * + * In practice, the chance of this function returning the wrong time is + * extremely remote. + */ +static int read_hardware_clock_cmos(const struct hwclock_control *ctl + __attribute__((__unused__)), struct tm *tm) +{ + unsigned char status = 0, pmbit = 0; + + while (1) { + /* + * Bit 7 of Byte 10 of the Hardware Clock value is the + * Update In Progress (UIP) bit, which is on while and 244 + * uS before the Hardware Clock updates itself. It updates + * the counters individually, so reading them during an + * update would produce garbage. The update takes 2mS, so we + * could be spinning here that long waiting for this bit to + * turn off. + * + * Furthermore, it is pathologically possible for us to be + * in this code so long that even if the UIP bit is not on + * at first, the clock has changed while we were running. We + * check for that too, and if it happens, we start over. + */ + if (!cmos_clock_busy()) { + /* No clock update in progress, go ahead and read */ + tm->tm_sec = hclock_read(0); + tm->tm_min = hclock_read(2); + tm->tm_hour = hclock_read(4); + tm->tm_wday = hclock_read(6); + tm->tm_mday = hclock_read(7); + tm->tm_mon = hclock_read(8); + tm->tm_year = hclock_read(9); + status = hclock_read(11); + /* + * Unless the clock changed while we were reading, + * consider this a good clock read . + */ + if (tm->tm_sec == hclock_read(0)) + break; + } + /* + * Yes, in theory we could have been running for 60 seconds + * and the above test wouldn't work! + */ + } + + if (!(status & 0x04)) { /* BCD mode - the default */ + BCD_TO_BIN(tm->tm_sec); + BCD_TO_BIN(tm->tm_min); + pmbit = (tm->tm_hour & 0x80); + tm->tm_hour &= 0x7f; + BCD_TO_BIN(tm->tm_hour); + BCD_TO_BIN(tm->tm_wday); + BCD_TO_BIN(tm->tm_mday); + BCD_TO_BIN(tm->tm_mon); + BCD_TO_BIN(tm->tm_year); + } + + /* + * We don't use the century byte of the Hardware Clock since we + * don't know its address (usually 50 or 55). Here, we follow the + * advice of the X/Open Base Working Group: "if century is not + * specified, then values in the range [69-99] refer to years in the + * twentieth century (1969 to 1999 inclusive), and values in the + * range [00-68] refer to years in the twenty-first century (2000 to + * 2068 inclusive)." + */ + tm->tm_wday -= 1; + tm->tm_mon -= 1; + if (tm->tm_year < 69) + tm->tm_year += 100; + if (pmbit) { + tm->tm_hour += 12; + if (tm->tm_hour == 24) + tm->tm_hour = 0; + } + + tm->tm_isdst = -1; /* don't know whether it's daylight */ + return 0; +} + +static int set_hardware_clock_cmos(const struct hwclock_control *ctl + __attribute__((__unused__)), + const struct tm *new_broken_time) +{ + hclock_set_time(new_broken_time); + return 0; +} + +# if defined(HAVE_IOPL) +static int i386_iopl(const int level) +{ + return iopl(level); +} +# else +static int i386_iopl(const int level __attribute__ ((__unused__))) +{ + extern int ioperm(unsigned long from, unsigned long num, int turn_on); + return ioperm(clock_ctl_addr, 2, 1); +} +# endif + +static int get_permissions_cmos(void) +{ + int rc; + + rc = i386_iopl(3); + if (rc == IOPL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED) { + warnx(_("ISA port access is not implemented")); + } else if (rc != 0) { + warn(_("iopl() port access failed")); + } + return rc; +} + +static const char *get_device_path(void) +{ + return NULL; +} + +static struct clock_ops cmos_interface = { + N_("Using direct ISA access to the clock"), + get_permissions_cmos, + read_hardware_clock_cmos, + set_hardware_clock_cmos, + synchronize_to_clock_tick_cmos, + get_device_path, +}; + +/* + * return &cmos if cmos clock present, NULL otherwise. + */ +struct clock_ops *probe_for_cmos_clock(void) +{ + return &cmos_interface; +} |