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+*motion.txt* For Vim version 9.0. Last change: 2022 Sep 26
+
+
+ VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
+
+
+Cursor motions *cursor-motions* *navigation*
+
+These commands move the cursor position. If the new position is off of the
+screen, the screen is scrolled to show the cursor (see also 'scrolljump' and
+'scrolloff' options).
+
+1. Motions and operators |operator|
+2. Left-right motions |left-right-motions|
+3. Up-down motions |up-down-motions|
+4. Word motions |word-motions|
+5. Text object motions |object-motions|
+6. Text object selection |object-select|
+7. Marks |mark-motions|
+8. Jumps |jump-motions|
+9. Various motions |various-motions|
+
+General remarks:
+
+If you want to know where you are in the file use the "CTRL-G" command
+|CTRL-G| or the "g CTRL-G" command |g_CTRL-G|. If you set the 'ruler' option,
+the cursor position is continuously shown in the status line (which slows down
+Vim a little).
+
+Experienced users prefer the hjkl keys because they are always right under
+their fingers. Beginners often prefer the arrow keys, because they do not
+know what the hjkl keys do. The mnemonic value of hjkl is clear from looking
+at the keyboard. Think of j as an arrow pointing downwards.
+
+The 'virtualedit' option can be set to make it possible to move the cursor to
+positions where there is no character or within a multi-column character (like
+a tab).
+
+==============================================================================
+1. Motions and operators *operator*
+
+The motion commands can be used after an operator command, to have the command
+operate on the text that was moved over. That is the text between the cursor
+position before and after the motion. Operators are generally used to delete
+or change text. The following operators are available:
+
+ |c| c change
+ |d| d delete
+ |y| y yank into register (does not change the text)
+ |~| ~ swap case (only if 'tildeop' is set)
+ |g~| g~ swap case
+ |gu| gu make lowercase
+ |gU| gU make uppercase
+ |!| ! filter through an external program
+ |=| = filter through 'equalprg' or C-indenting if empty
+ |gq| gq text formatting
+ |gw| gw text formatting with no cursor movement
+ |g?| g? ROT13 encoding
+ |>| > shift right
+ |<| < shift left
+ |zf| zf define a fold
+ |g@| g@ call function set with the 'operatorfunc' option
+ *motion-count-multiplied*
+If the motion includes a count and the operator also had a count before it,
+the two counts are multiplied. For example: "2d3w" deletes six words.
+ *operator-doubled*
+When doubling the operator it operates on a line. When using a count, before
+or after the first character, that many lines are operated upon. Thus `3dd`
+deletes three lines. A count before and after the first character is
+multiplied, thus `2y3y` yanks six lines.
+
+After applying the operator the cursor is mostly left at the start of the text
+that was operated upon. For example, "yfe" doesn't move the cursor, but "yFe"
+moves the cursor leftwards to the "e" where the yank started.
+
+ *linewise* *characterwise*
+The operator either affects whole lines, or the characters between the start
+and end position. Generally, motions that move between lines affect lines
+(are linewise), and motions that move within a line affect characters (are
+characterwise). However, there are some exceptions.
+
+ *exclusive* *inclusive*
+A character motion is either inclusive or exclusive. When inclusive, the
+start and end position of the motion are included in the operation. When
+exclusive, the last character towards the end of the buffer is not included.
+Linewise motions always include the start and end position.
+
+Which motions are linewise, inclusive or exclusive is mentioned with the
+command. There are however, two general exceptions:
+1. If the motion is exclusive and the end of the motion is in column 1, the
+ end of the motion is moved to the end of the previous line and the motion
+ becomes inclusive. Example: "}" moves to the first line after a paragraph,
+ but "d}" will not include that line.
+ *exclusive-linewise*
+2. If the motion is exclusive, the end of the motion is in column 1 and the
+ start of the motion was at or before the first non-blank in the line, the
+ motion becomes linewise. Example: If a paragraph begins with some blanks
+ and you do "d}" while standing on the first non-blank, all the lines of
+ the paragraph are deleted, including the blanks. If you do a put now, the
+ deleted lines will be inserted below the cursor position.
+
+Note that when the operator is pending (the operator command is typed, but the
+motion isn't yet), a special set of mappings can be used. See |:omap|.
+
+Instead of first giving the operator and then a motion you can use Visual
+mode: mark the start of the text with "v", move the cursor to the end of the
+text that is to be affected and then hit the operator. The text between the
+start and the cursor position is highlighted, so you can see what text will
+be operated upon. This allows much more freedom, but requires more key
+strokes and has limited redo functionality. See the chapter on Visual mode
+|Visual-mode|.
+
+You can use a ":" command for a motion. For example "d:call FindEnd()".
+But this can't be repeated with "." if the command is more than one line.
+This can be repeated: >
+ d:call search("f")<CR>
+This cannot be repeated: >
+ d:if 1<CR>
+ call search("f")<CR>
+ endif<CR>
+Note that when using ":" any motion becomes characterwise exclusive.
+
+ *forced-motion*
+FORCING A MOTION TO BE LINEWISE, CHARACTERWISE OR BLOCKWISE
+
+When a motion is not of the type you would like to use, you can force another
+type by using "v", "V" or CTRL-V just after the operator.
+Example: >
+ dj
+deletes two lines >
+ dvj
+deletes from the cursor position until the character below the cursor >
+ d<C-V>j
+deletes the character under the cursor and the character below the cursor. >
+
+Be careful with forcing a linewise movement to be used characterwise or
+blockwise, the column may not always be defined.
+
+ *o_v*
+v When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force
+ the operator to work characterwise, also when the motion is
+ linewise. If the motion was linewise, it will become
+ |exclusive|.
+ If the motion already was characterwise, toggle
+ inclusive/exclusive. This can be used to make an exclusive
+ motion inclusive and an inclusive motion exclusive.
+
+ *o_V*
+V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force
+ the operator to work linewise, also when the motion is
+ characterwise.
+
+ *o_CTRL-V*
+CTRL-V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force
+ the operator to work blockwise. This works like Visual block
+ mode selection, with the corners defined by the cursor
+ position before and after the motion.
+
+==============================================================================
+2. Left-right motions *left-right-motions*
+
+These commands move the cursor to the specified column in the current line.
+They stop at the first column and at the end of the line, except "$", which
+may move to one of the next lines. See 'whichwrap' option to make some of the
+commands move across line boundaries.
+
+h or *h*
+<Left> or *<Left>*
+CTRL-H or *CTRL-H* *<BS>*
+<BS> [count] characters to the left. |exclusive| motion.
+ Note: If you prefer <BS> to delete a character, use
+ the mapping:
+ :map CTRL-V<BS> X
+ (to enter "CTRL-V<BS>" type the CTRL-V key, followed
+ by the <BS> key)
+ See |:fixdel| if the <BS> key does not do what you
+ want.
+
+l or *l*
+<Right> or *<Right>* *<Space>*
+<Space> [count] characters to the right. |exclusive| motion.
+ See the 'whichwrap' option for adjusting the behavior
+ at end of line
+
+ *0*
+0 To the first character of the line. |exclusive|
+ motion.
+
+ *<Home>* *<kHome>*
+<Home> To the first character of the line. |exclusive|
+ motion. When moving up or down next, stay in same
+ TEXT column (if possible). Most other commands stay
+ in the same SCREEN column. <Home> works like "1|",
+ which differs from "0" when the line starts with a
+ <Tab>.
+
+ *^*
+^ To the first non-blank character of the line.
+ |exclusive| motion. Any count is ignored.
+
+ *$* *<End>* *<kEnd>*
+$ or <End> To the end of the line. When a count is given also go
+ [count - 1] lines downward, or as far is possible.
+ |inclusive| motion. If a count of 2 or larger is
+ given and the cursor is on the last line, that is an
+ error and the cursor doesn't move.
+ In Visual mode the cursor goes to just after the last
+ character in the line.
+ When 'virtualedit' is active, "$" may move the cursor
+ back from past the end of the line to the last
+ character in the line.
+
+ *g_*
+g_ To the last non-blank character of the line and
+ [count - 1] lines downward |inclusive|.
+
+ *g0* *g<Home>*
+g0 or g<Home> When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first character of
+ the screen line. |exclusive| motion. Differs from
+ "0" when a line is wider than the screen.
+ When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost
+ character of the current line that is on the screen.
+ Differs from "0" when the first character of the line
+ is not on the screen.
+
+ *g^*
+g^ When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first non-blank
+ character of the screen line. |exclusive| motion.
+ Differs from "^" when a line is wider than the screen.
+ When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost
+ non-blank character of the current line that is on the
+ screen. Differs from "^" when the first non-blank
+ character of the line is not on the screen.
+
+ *gm*
+gm Like "g0", but half a screenwidth to the right (or as
+ much as possible).
+
+ *gM*
+gM Like "g0", but to halfway the text of the line.
+ With a count: to this percentage of text in the line.
+ Thus "10gM" is near the start of the text and "90gM"
+ is near the end of the text.
+
+ *g$* *g<End>*
+g$ or g<End> When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the last character of
+ the screen line and [count - 1] screen lines downward
+ |inclusive|. Differs from "$" when a line is wider
+ than the screen.
+ When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the rightmost
+ character of the current line that is visible on the
+ screen. Differs from "$" when the last character of
+ the line is not on the screen or when a count is used.
+ Additionally, vertical movements keep the column,
+ instead of going to the end of the line.
+ When 'virtualedit' is enabled moves to the end of the
+ screen line.
+
+ *bar*
+| To screen column [count] in the current line.
+ |exclusive| motion. Ceci n'est pas une pipe.
+
+ *f*
+f{char} To [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the right. The
+ cursor is placed on {char} |inclusive|.
+ {char} can be entered as a digraph |digraph-arg|.
+ When 'encoding' is set to Unicode, composing
+ characters may be used, see |utf-8-char-arg|.
+ |:lmap| mappings apply to {char}. The CTRL-^ command
+ in Insert mode can be used to switch this on/off
+ |i_CTRL-^|.
+
+ *F*
+F{char} To the [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the left.
+ The cursor is placed on {char} |exclusive|.
+ {char} can be entered like with the |f| command.
+
+ *t*
+t{char} Till before [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the
+ right. The cursor is placed on the character left of
+ {char} |inclusive|.
+ {char} can be entered like with the |f| command.
+
+ *T*
+T{char} Till after [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the
+ left. The cursor is placed on the character right of
+ {char} |exclusive|.
+ {char} can be entered like with the |f| command.
+
+ *;*
+; Repeat latest f, t, F or T [count] times. See |cpo-;|
+
+ *,*
+, Repeat latest f, t, F or T in opposite direction
+ [count] times. See also |cpo-;|
+
+==============================================================================
+3. Up-down motions *up-down-motions*
+
+k or *k*
+<Up> or *<Up>* *CTRL-P*
+CTRL-P [count] lines upward |linewise|.
+
+j or *j*
+<Down> or *<Down>*
+CTRL-J or *CTRL-J*
+<NL> or *<NL>* *CTRL-N*
+CTRL-N [count] lines downward |linewise|.
+
+gk or *gk* *g<Up>*
+g<Up> [count] display lines upward. |exclusive| motion.
+ Differs from 'k' when lines wrap, and when used with
+ an operator, because it's not linewise.
+
+gj or *gj* *g<Down>*
+g<Down> [count] display lines downward. |exclusive| motion.
+ Differs from 'j' when lines wrap, and when used with
+ an operator, because it's not linewise.
+
+ *-*
+- <minus> [count] lines upward, on the first non-blank
+ character |linewise|.
+
++ or *+*
+CTRL-M or *CTRL-M* *<CR>*
+<CR> [count] lines downward, on the first non-blank
+ character |linewise|.
+
+ *_*
+_ <underscore> [count] - 1 lines downward, on the first non-blank
+ character |linewise|.
+
+ *G*
+G Goto line [count], default last line, on the first
+ non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not
+ set, keep the same column.
+ G is one of the |jump-motions|.
+
+ *<C-End>*
+<C-End> Goto line [count], default last line, on the last
+ character |inclusive|.
+
+<C-Home> or *gg* *<C-Home>*
+gg Goto line [count], default first line, on the first
+ non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not
+ set, keep the same column.
+
+ *:[range]*
+:[range] Set the cursor on the last line number in [range].
+ [range] can also be just one line number, e.g., ":1"
+ or ":'m".
+ In contrast with |G| this command does not modify the
+ |jumplist|.
+ *N%*
+{count}% Go to {count} percentage in the file, on the first
+ non-blank in the line |linewise|. To compute the new
+ line number this formula is used:
+ ({count} * number-of-lines + 99) / 100
+ See also 'startofline' option.
+
+:[range]go[to] [count] *:go* *:goto* *go*
+[count]go Go to [count] byte in the buffer. Default [count] is
+ one, start of the file. When giving [range], the
+ last number in it used as the byte count. End-of-line
+ characters are counted depending on the current
+ 'fileformat' setting.
+ Also see the |line2byte()| function, and the 'o'
+ option in 'statusline'.
+ {not available when compiled without the
+ |+byte_offset| feature}
+
+These commands move to the specified line. They stop when reaching the first
+or the last line. The first two commands put the cursor in the same column
+(if possible) as it was after the last command that changed the column,
+except after the "$" command, then the cursor will be put on the last
+character of the line.
+
+If "k", "-" or CTRL-P is used with a [count] and there are less than [count]
+lines above the cursor and the 'cpo' option includes the "-" flag it is an
+error. |cpo--|.
+
+==============================================================================
+4. Word motions *word-motions*
+
+<S-Right> or *<S-Right>* *w*
+w [count] words forward. |exclusive| motion.
+
+<C-Right> or *<C-Right>* *W*
+W [count] WORDS forward. |exclusive| motion.
+ If <C-Right> does not work, check out
+ |arrow_modifiers|.
+
+ *e*
+e Forward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|.
+ Does not stop in an empty line.
+
+ *E*
+E Forward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|.
+ Does not stop in an empty line.
+
+<S-Left> or *<S-Left>* *b*
+b [count] words backward. |exclusive| motion.
+
+<C-Left> or *<C-Left>* *B*
+B [count] WORDS backward. |exclusive| motion.
+ If <C-Left> does not work, check out
+ |arrow_modifiers|.
+
+ *ge*
+ge Backward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|.
+
+ *gE*
+gE Backward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|.
+
+These commands move over words or WORDS.
+ *word*
+A word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores, or a
+sequence of other non-blank characters, separated with white space (spaces,
+tabs, <EOL>). This can be changed with the 'iskeyword' option. An empty line
+is also considered to be a word.
+ *WORD*
+A WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white
+space. An empty line is also considered to be a WORD.
+
+A sequence of folded lines is counted for one word of a single character.
+"w" and "W", "e" and "E" move to the start/end of the first word or WORD after
+a range of folded lines. "b" and "B" move to the start of the first word or
+WORD before the fold.
+
+Special case: "cw" and "cW" are treated like "ce" and "cE" if the cursor is
+on a non-blank. This is because "cw" is interpreted as change-word, and a
+word does not include the following white space.
+
+Another special case: When using the "w" motion in combination with an
+operator and the last word moved over is at the end of a line, the end of
+that word becomes the end of the operated text, not the first word in the
+next line.
+
+The original Vi implementation of "e" is buggy. For example, the "e" command
+will stop on the first character of a line if the previous line was empty.
+But when you use "2e" this does not happen. In Vim "ee" and "2e" are the
+same, which is more logical. However, this causes a small incompatibility
+between Vi and Vim.
+
+==============================================================================
+5. Text object motions *object-motions*
+
+ *(*
+( [count] |sentence|s backward. |exclusive| motion.
+
+ *)*
+) [count] |sentence|s forward. |exclusive| motion.
+
+ *{*
+{ [count] |paragraph|s backward. |exclusive| motion.
+
+ *}*
+} [count] |paragraph|s forward. |exclusive| motion.
+
+ *]]*
+]] [count] |section|s forward or to the next '{' in the
+ first column. When used after an operator, then also
+ stops below a '}' in the first column. |exclusive|
+ Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies.
+
+ *][*
+][ [count] |section|s forward or to the next '}' in the
+ first column. |exclusive|
+ Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies.
+
+ *[[*
+[[ [count] |section|s backward or to the previous '{' in
+ the first column. |exclusive|
+ Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies.
+
+ *[]*
+[] [count] |section|s backward or to the previous '}' in
+ the first column. |exclusive|
+ Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies.
+
+These commands move over three kinds of text objects.
+
+ *sentence*
+A sentence is defined as ending at a '.', '!' or '?' followed by either the
+end of a line, or by a space or tab. Any number of closing ')', ']', '"'
+and ''' characters may appear after the '.', '!' or '?' before the spaces,
+tabs or end of line. A paragraph and section boundary is also a sentence
+boundary.
+If the 'J' flag is present in 'cpoptions', at least two spaces have to
+follow the punctuation mark; <Tab>s are not recognized as white space.
+The definition of a sentence cannot be changed.
+
+ *paragraph*
+A paragraph begins after each empty line, and also at each of a set of
+paragraph macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the 'paragraphs'
+option. The default is "IPLPPPQPP TPHPLIPpLpItpplpipbp", which corresponds to
+the macros ".IP", ".LP", etc. (These are nroff macros, so the dot must be in
+the first column). A section boundary is also a paragraph boundary.
+Note that a blank line (only containing white space) is NOT a paragraph
+boundary.
+Also note that this does not include a '{' or '}' in the first column. When
+the '{' flag is in 'cpoptions' then '{' in the first column is used as a
+paragraph boundary |posix|.
+
+ *section*
+A section begins after a form-feed (<C-L>) in the first column and at each of
+a set of section macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the
+'sections' option. The default is "SHNHH HUnhsh", which defines a section to
+start at the nroff macros ".SH", ".NH", ".H", ".HU", ".nh" and ".sh".
+
+The "]]" and "[[" commands stop at the '{' in the first column. This is
+useful to find the start of a function in a C program. To search for a '}' in
+the first column, the end of a C function, use "][" (forward) or "[]"
+(backward). Note that the first character of the command determines the
+search direction.
+
+If your '{' or '}' are not in the first column, and you would like to use "[["
+and "]]" anyway, try these mappings: >
+ :map [[ ?{<CR>w99[{
+ :map ][ /}<CR>b99]}
+ :map ]] j0[[%/{<CR>
+ :map [] k$][%?}<CR>
+[type these literally, see |<>|]
+
+==============================================================================
+6. Text object selection *object-select* *text-objects*
+ *v_a* *v_i*
+
+This is a series of commands that can only be used while in Visual mode or
+after an operator. The commands that start with "a" select "a"n object
+including white space, the commands starting with "i" select an "inner" object
+without white space, or just the white space. Thus the "inner" commands
+always select less text than the "a" commands.
+
+Also see `gn` and `gN`, operating on the last search pattern.
+
+ *v_aw* *aw*
+aw "a word", select [count] words (see |word|).
+ Leading or trailing white space is included, but not
+ counted.
+ When used in Visual linewise mode "aw" switches to
+ Visual characterwise mode.
+
+ *v_iw* *iw*
+iw "inner word", select [count] words (see |word|).
+ White space between words is counted too.
+ When used in Visual linewise mode "iw" switches to
+ Visual characterwise mode.
+
+ *v_aW* *aW*
+aW "a WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|).
+ Leading or trailing white space is included, but not
+ counted.
+ When used in Visual linewise mode "aW" switches to
+ Visual characterwise mode.
+
+ *v_iW* *iW*
+iW "inner WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|).
+ White space between words is counted too.
+ When used in Visual linewise mode "iW" switches to
+ Visual characterwise mode.
+
+ *v_as* *as*
+as "a sentence", select [count] sentences (see
+ |sentence|).
+ When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
+
+ *v_is* *is*
+is "inner sentence", select [count] sentences (see
+ |sentence|).
+ When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
+
+ *v_ap* *ap*
+ap "a paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see
+ |paragraph|).
+ Exception: a blank line (only containing white space)
+ is also a paragraph boundary.
+ When used in Visual mode it is made linewise.
+
+ *v_ip* *ip*
+ip "inner paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see
+ |paragraph|).
+ Exception: a blank line (only containing white space)
+ is also a paragraph boundary.
+ When used in Visual mode it is made linewise.
+
+a] *v_a]* *v_a[* *a]* *a[*
+a[ "a [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This
+ goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds
+ the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected,
+ including the '[' and ']'.
+ When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
+
+i] *v_i]* *v_i[* *i]* *i[*
+i[ "inner [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This
+ goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds
+ the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected,
+ excluding the '[' and ']'.
+ When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
+
+a) *v_a)* *a)* *a(*
+a( *vab* *v_ab* *v_a(* *ab*
+ab "a block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" to
+ the matching ')', including the '(' and ')' (see
+ |[(|). Does not include white space outside of the
+ parenthesis.
+ When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
+
+i) *v_i)* *i)* *i(*
+i( *vib* *v_ib* *v_i(* *ib*
+ib "inner block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [("
+ to the matching ')', excluding the '(' and ')' (see
+ |[(|). If the cursor is not inside a () block, then
+ find the next "(".
+ When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
+
+a> *v_a>* *v_a<* *a>* *a<*
+a< "a <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from the
+ [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching
+ '>', including the '<' and '>'.
+ When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
+
+i> *v_i>* *v_i<* *i>* *i<*
+i< "inner <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from
+ the [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching
+ '>', excluding the '<' and '>'.
+ When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
+
+ *v_at* *at*
+at "a tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the
+ [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching
+ "</aaa>", including the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>".
+ See |tag-blocks| about the details.
+ When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
+ Only available when compiled with the |+eval| feature.
+
+ *v_it* *it*
+it "inner tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the
+ [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching
+ "</aaa>", excluding the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>".
+ See |tag-blocks| about the details.
+ When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
+
+a} *v_a}* *a}* *a{*
+a{ *v_aB* *v_a{* *aB*
+aB "a Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" to
+ the matching '}', including the '{' and '}' (see
+ |[{|).
+ When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
+
+i} *v_i}* *i}* *i{*
+i{ *v_iB* *v_i{* *iB*
+iB "inner Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{"
+ to the matching '}', excluding the '{' and '}' (see
+ |[{|).
+ When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
+
+a" *v_aquote* *aquote*
+a' *v_a'* *a'*
+a` *v_a`* *a`*
+ "a quoted string". Selects the text from the previous
+ quote until the next quote. The 'quoteescape' option
+ is used to skip escaped quotes.
+ Only works within one line.
+ When the cursor starts on a quote, Vim will figure out
+ which quote pairs form a string by searching from the
+ start of the line.
+ Any trailing white space is included, unless there is
+ none, then leading white space is included.
+ When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
+ Repeating this object in Visual mode another string is
+ included. A count is currently not used.
+
+i" *v_iquote* *iquote*
+i' *v_i'* *i'*
+i` *v_i`* *i`*
+ Like a", a' and a`, but exclude the quotes and
+ repeating won't extend the Visual selection.
+ Special case: With a count of 2 the quotes are
+ included, but no extra white space as with a"/a'/a`.
+
+When used after an operator:
+For non-block objects:
+ For the "a" commands: The operator applies to the object and the white
+ space after the object. If there is no white space after the object
+ or when the cursor was in the white space before the object, the white
+ space before the object is included.
+ For the "inner" commands: If the cursor was on the object, the
+ operator applies to the object. If the cursor was on white space, the
+ operator applies to the white space.
+For a block object:
+ The operator applies to the block where the cursor is in, or the block
+ on which the cursor is on one of the braces. For the "inner" commands
+ the surrounding braces are excluded. For the "a" commands, the braces
+ are included.
+
+When used in Visual mode:
+When start and end of the Visual area are the same (just after typing "v"):
+ One object is selected, the same as for using an operator.
+When start and end of the Visual area are not the same:
+ For non-block objects the area is extended by one object or the white
+ space up to the next object, or both for the "a" objects. The
+ direction in which this happens depends on which side of the Visual
+ area the cursor is. For the block objects the block is extended one
+ level outwards.
+
+For illustration, here is a list of delete commands, grouped from small to big
+objects. Note that for a single character and a whole line the existing vi
+movement commands are used.
+ "dl" delete character (alias: "x") |dl|
+ "diw" delete inner word *diw*
+ "daw" delete a word *daw*
+ "diW" delete inner WORD (see |WORD|) *diW*
+ "daW" delete a WORD (see |WORD|) *daW*
+ "dgn" delete the next search pattern match *dgn*
+ "dd" delete one line |dd|
+ "dis" delete inner sentence *dis*
+ "das" delete a sentence *das*
+ "dib" delete inner '(' ')' block *dib*
+ "dab" delete a '(' ')' block *dab*
+ "dip" delete inner paragraph *dip*
+ "dap" delete a paragraph *dap*
+ "diB" delete inner '{' '}' block *diB*
+ "daB" delete a '{' '}' block *daB*
+
+Note the difference between using a movement command and an object. The
+movement command operates from here (cursor position) to where the movement
+takes us. When using an object the whole object is operated upon, no matter
+where on the object the cursor is. For example, compare "dw" and "daw": "dw"
+deletes from the cursor position to the start of the next word, "daw" deletes
+the word under the cursor and the space after or before it.
+
+
+Tag blocks *tag-blocks*
+
+For the "it" and "at" text objects an attempt is done to select blocks between
+matching tags for HTML and XML. But since these are not completely compatible
+there are a few restrictions.
+
+The normal method is to select a <tag> until the matching </tag>. For "at"
+the tags are included, for "it" they are excluded. But when "it" is repeated
+the tags will be included (otherwise nothing would change). Also, "it" used
+on a tag block with no contents will select the leading tag.
+
+"<aaa/>" items are skipped. Case is ignored, also for XML where case does
+matter.
+
+In HTML it is possible to have a tag like <br> or <meta ...> without a
+matching end tag. These are ignored.
+
+The text objects are tolerant about mistakes. Stray end tags are ignored.
+
+==============================================================================
+7. Marks *mark-motions* *E20* *E78*
+
+Jumping to a mark can be done in two ways:
+1. With ` (backtick): The cursor is positioned at the specified location
+ and the motion is |exclusive|.
+2. With ' (single quote): The cursor is positioned on the first non-blank
+ character in the line of the specified location and
+ the motion is linewise.
+
+ *m* *mark* *Mark*
+m{a-zA-Z} Set mark {a-zA-Z} at cursor position (does not move
+ the cursor, this is not a motion command).
+
+ *m'* *m`*
+m' or m` Set the previous context mark. This can be jumped to
+ with the "''" or "``" command (does not move the
+ cursor, this is not a motion command).
+
+ *m[* *m]*
+m[ or m] Set the |'[| or |']| mark. Useful when an operator is
+ to be simulated by multiple commands. (does not move
+ the cursor, this is not a motion command).
+
+ *m<* *m>*
+m< or m> Set the |'<| or |'>| mark. Useful to change what the
+ `gv` command selects. (does not move the cursor, this
+ is not a motion command).
+ Note that the Visual mode cannot be set, only the
+ start and end position.
+
+ *:ma* *:mark* *E191*
+:[range]ma[rk] {a-zA-Z'}
+ Set mark {a-zA-Z'} at last line number in [range],
+ column 0. Default is cursor line.
+
+ *:k*
+:[range]k{a-zA-Z'} Same as :mark, but the space before the mark name can
+ be omitted.
+ This command is not supported in |Vim9| script,
+ because it is too easily confused with a variable
+ name.
+
+ *'* *'a* *`* *`a*
+'{a-z} `{a-z} Jump to the mark {a-z} in the current buffer.
+
+ *'A* *'0* *`A* *`0*
+'{A-Z0-9} `{A-Z0-9} To the mark {A-Z0-9} in the file where it was set (not
+ a motion command when in another file).
+
+ *g'* *g'a* *g`* *g`a*
+g'{mark} g`{mark}
+ Jump to the {mark}, but don't change the jumplist when
+ jumping within the current buffer. Example: >
+ g`"
+< jumps to the last known position in a file. See
+ $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim.
+ Also see |:keepjumps|.
+
+ *:marks*
+:marks List all the current marks (not a motion command).
+ The |'(|, |')|, |'{| and |'}| marks are not listed.
+ The first column has number zero.
+
+ *E283*
+:marks {arg} List the marks that are mentioned in {arg} (not a
+ motion command). For example: >
+ :marks aB
+< to list marks 'a' and 'B'.
+
+ *:delm* *:delmarks*
+:delm[arks] {marks} Delete the specified marks. Marks that can be deleted
+ include A-Z and 0-9. You cannot delete the ' mark.
+ They can be specified by giving the list of mark
+ names, or with a range, separated with a dash. Spaces
+ are ignored. Examples: >
+ :delmarks a deletes mark a
+ :delmarks a b 1 deletes marks a, b and 1
+ :delmarks Aa deletes marks A and a
+ :delmarks p-z deletes marks in the range p to z
+ :delmarks ^.[] deletes marks ^ . [ ]
+ :delmarks \" deletes mark "
+
+:delm[arks]! Delete all marks for the current buffer, but not marks
+ A-Z or 0-9.
+
+A mark is not visible in any way. It is just a position in the file that is
+remembered. Do not confuse marks with named registers, they are totally
+unrelated.
+
+'a - 'z lowercase marks, valid within one file
+'A - 'Z uppercase marks, also called file marks, valid between files
+'0 - '9 numbered marks, set from .viminfo file
+
+Lowercase marks 'a to 'z are remembered as long as the file remains in the
+buffer list. If you remove the file from the buffer list, all its marks are
+lost. If you delete a line that contains a mark, that mark is erased.
+
+Lowercase marks can be used in combination with operators. For example: "d't"
+deletes the lines from the cursor position to mark 't'. Hint: Use mark 't' for
+Top, 'b' for Bottom, etc.. Lowercase marks are restored when using undo and
+redo.
+
+Uppercase marks 'A to 'Z include the file name. You can use them to jump from
+file to file. You can only use an uppercase mark with an operator if the mark
+is in the current file. The line number of the mark remains correct, even if
+you insert/delete lines or edit another file for a moment. When the 'viminfo'
+option is not empty, uppercase marks are kept in the .viminfo file. See
+|viminfo-file-marks|.
+
+Numbered marks '0 to '9 are quite different. They can not be set directly.
+They are only present when using a viminfo file |viminfo-file|. Basically '0
+is the location of the cursor when you last exited Vim, '1 the last but one
+time, etc. Use the "r" flag in 'viminfo' to specify files for which no
+Numbered mark should be stored. See |viminfo-file-marks|.
+
+
+ *'[* *`[*
+'[ `[ To the first character of the previously changed
+ or yanked text.
+
+ *']* *`]*
+'] `] To the last character of the previously changed or
+ yanked text.
+
+After executing an operator the Cursor is put at the beginning of the text
+that was operated upon. After a put command ("p" or "P") the cursor is
+sometimes placed at the first inserted line and sometimes on the last inserted
+character. The four commands above put the cursor at either end. Example:
+After yanking 10 lines you want to go to the last one of them: "10Y']". After
+inserting several lines with the "p" command you want to jump to the lowest
+inserted line: "p']". This also works for text that has been inserted.
+
+Note: After deleting text, the start and end positions are the same, except
+when using blockwise Visual mode. These commands do not work when no change
+was made yet in the current file.
+
+ *'<* *`<*
+'< `< To the first line or character of the last selected
+ Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it
+ may also be the last character in the first line (to
+ be able to define the block).
+
+ *'>* *`>*
+'> `> To the last line or character of the last selected
+ Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it
+ may also be the first character of the last line (to
+ be able to define the block). Note that 'selection'
+ applies, the position may be just after the Visual
+ area.
+
+ *''* *``*
+'' `` To the position before the latest jump, or where the
+ last "m'" or "m`" command was given. Not set when the
+ |:keepjumps| command modifier was used.
+ Also see |restore-position|.
+
+ *'quote* *`quote*
+'" `" To the cursor position when last exiting the current
+ buffer. Defaults to the first character of the first
+ line. See |last-position-jump| for how to use this
+ for each opened file.
+ Only one position is remembered per buffer, not one
+ for each window. As long as the buffer is visible in
+ a window the position won't be changed.
+
+ *'^* *`^*
+'^ `^ To the position where the cursor was the last time
+ when Insert mode was stopped. This is used by the
+ |gi| command. Not set when the |:keepjumps| command
+ modifier was used.
+
+ *'.* *`.*
+'. `. To the position where the last change was made. The
+ position is at or near where the change started.
+ Sometimes a command is executed as several changes,
+ then the position can be near the end of what the
+ command changed. For example when inserting a word,
+ the position will be on the last character.
+ To jump to older changes use |g;|.
+
+ *'(* *`(*
+'( `( To the start of the current sentence, like the |(|
+ command.
+
+ *')* *`)*
+') `) To the end of the current sentence, like the |)|
+ command.
+
+ *'{* *`{*
+'{ `{ To the start of the current paragraph, like the |{|
+ command.
+
+ *'}* *`}*
+'} `} To the end of the current paragraph, like the |}|
+ command.
+
+These commands are not marks themselves, but jump to a mark:
+
+ *]'*
+]' [count] times to next line with a lowercase mark below
+ the cursor, on the first non-blank character in the
+ line.
+
+ *]`*
+]` [count] times to lowercase mark after the cursor.
+
+ *['*
+[' [count] times to previous line with a lowercase mark
+ before the cursor, on the first non-blank character in
+ the line.
+
+ *[`*
+[` [count] times to lowercase mark before the cursor.
+
+
+:loc[kmarks] {command} *:loc* *:lock* *:lockmarks*
+ Execute {command} without adjusting marks. This is
+ useful when changing text in a way that the line count
+ will be the same when the change has completed.
+ WARNING: When the line count does change, marks below
+ the change will keep their line number, thus move to
+ another text line.
+ These items will not be adjusted for deleted/inserted
+ lines:
+ - lower case letter marks 'a - 'z
+ - upper case letter marks 'A - 'Z
+ - numbered marks '0 - '9
+ - last insert position '^
+ - last change position '.
+ - last affected text area '[ and ']
+ - the Visual area '< and '>
+ - line numbers in placed signs
+ - line numbers in quickfix positions
+ - positions in the |jumplist|
+ - positions in the |tagstack|
+ These items will still be adjusted:
+ - previous context mark ''
+ - the cursor position
+ - the view of a window on a buffer
+ - folds
+ - diffs
+
+:kee[pmarks] {command} *:kee* *:keep* *:keepmarks*
+ Currently only has effect for the filter command
+ |:range!|:
+ - When the number of lines after filtering is equal to
+ or larger than before, all marks are kept at the
+ same line number.
+ - When the number of lines decreases, the marks in the
+ lines that disappeared are deleted.
+ In any case the marks below the filtered text have
+ their line numbers adjusted, thus stick to the text,
+ as usual.
+ When the 'R' flag is missing from 'cpoptions' this has
+ the same effect as using ":keepmarks".
+
+ *:keepj* *:keepjumps*
+:keepj[umps] {command}
+ Moving around in {command} does not change the |''|,
+ |'.| and |'^| marks, the |jumplist| or the
+ |changelist|.
+ Useful when making a change or inserting text
+ automatically and the user doesn't want to go to this
+ position. E.g., when updating a "Last change"
+ timestamp in the first line: >
+
+ :let lnum = line(".")
+ :keepjumps normal gg
+ :call SetLastChange()
+ :keepjumps exe "normal " .. lnum .. "G"
+<
+ Note that ":keepjumps" must be used for every command.
+ When invoking a function the commands in that function
+ can still change the jumplist. Also, for
+ ":keepjumps exe 'command '" the "command" won't keep
+ jumps. Instead use: ":exe 'keepjumps command'"
+
+==============================================================================
+8. Jumps *jump-motions*
+
+A "jump" is a command that normally moves the cursor several lines away. If
+you make the cursor "jump" the position of the cursor before the jump is
+remembered. You can return to that position with the "''" and "``" commands,
+unless the line containing that position was changed or deleted. The
+following commands are "jump" commands: "'", "`", "G", "/", "?", "n", "N",
+"%", "(", ")", "[[", "]]", "{", "}", ":s", ":tag", "L", "M", "H" and the
+commands that start editing a new file.
+
+ *CTRL-O*
+CTRL-O Go to [count] Older cursor position in jump list
+ (not a motion command).
+
+<Tab> or *CTRL-I* *<Tab>*
+CTRL-I Go to [count] newer cursor position in jump list
+ (not a motion command).
+
+ NOTE: In the GUI and in a terminal supporting
+ |modifyOtherKeys|, CTRL-I can be mapped separately
+ from <Tab>, on the condition that CTRL-I is
+ mapped before <Tab>, otherwise the mapping applies to
+ both.
+
+ *:ju* *:jumps*
+:ju[mps] Print the jump list (not a motion command).
+
+ *:cle* *:clearjumps*
+:cle[arjumps] Clear the jump list of the current window.
+
+ *jumplist*
+Jumps are remembered in a jump list. With the CTRL-O and CTRL-I command you
+can go to cursor positions before older jumps, and back again. Thus you can
+move up and down the list. There is a separate jump list for each window.
+The maximum number of entries is fixed at 100.
+
+For example, after three jump commands you have this jump list:
+
+ jump line col file/text ~
+ 3 1 0 some text ~
+ 2 70 0 another line ~
+ 1 1154 23 end. ~
+ > ~
+
+The "file/text" column shows the file name, or the text at the jump if it is
+in the current file (an indent is removed and a long line is truncated to fit
+in the window).
+
+The marker ">" indicates the current position in the jumplist. It may not be
+shown when filtering the |:jumps| command using |:filter|
+
+You are currently in line 1167. If you then use the CTRL-O command, the
+cursor is put in line 1154. This results in:
+
+ jump line col file/text ~
+ 2 1 0 some text ~
+ 1 70 0 another line ~
+ > 0 1154 23 end. ~
+ 1 1167 0 foo bar ~
+
+The pointer will be set at the last used jump position. The next CTRL-O
+command will use the entry above it, the next CTRL-I command will use the
+entry below it. If the pointer is below the last entry, this indicates that
+you did not use a CTRL-I or CTRL-O before. In this case the CTRL-O command
+will cause the cursor position to be added to the jump list, so you can get
+back to the position before the CTRL-O. In this case this is line 1167.
+
+With more CTRL-O commands you will go to lines 70 and 1. If you use CTRL-I
+you can go back to 1154 and 1167 again. Note that the number in the "jump"
+column indicates the count for the CTRL-O or CTRL-I command that takes you to
+this position.
+
+If you use a jump command, the current line number is inserted at the end of
+the jump list. If the same line was already in the jump list, it is removed.
+The result is that when repeating CTRL-O you will get back to old positions
+only once.
+
+When the |:keepjumps| command modifier is used, jumps are not stored in the
+jumplist. Jumps are also not stored in other cases, e.g., in a |:global|
+command. You can explicitly add a jump by setting the ' mark with "m'". Note
+that calling setpos() does not do this.
+
+After the CTRL-O command that got you into line 1154 you could give another
+jump command (e.g., "G"). The jump list would then become:
+
+ jump line col file/text ~
+ 4 1 0 some text ~
+ 3 70 0 another line ~
+ 2 1167 0 foo bar ~
+ 1 1154 23 end. ~
+ > ~
+
+The line numbers will be adjusted for deleted and inserted lines. This fails
+if you stop editing a file without writing, like with ":n!".
+
+When you split a window, the jumplist will be copied to the new window.
+
+If you have included the ' item in the 'viminfo' option the jumplist will be
+stored in the viminfo file and restored when starting Vim.
+
+
+CHANGE LIST JUMPS *changelist* *change-list-jumps* *E664*
+
+When making a change the cursor position is remembered. One position is
+remembered for every change that can be undone, unless it is close to a
+previous change. Two commands can be used to jump to positions of changes,
+also those that have been undone:
+
+ *g;* *E662*
+g; Go to [count] older position in change list.
+ If [count] is larger than the number of older change
+ positions go to the oldest change.
+ If there is no older change an error message is given.
+ (not a motion command)
+
+ *g,* *E663*
+g, Go to [count] newer position in change list.
+ Just like |g;| but in the opposite direction.
+ (not a motion command)
+
+When using a count you jump as far back or forward as possible. Thus you can
+use "999g;" to go to the first change for which the position is still
+remembered. The number of entries in the change list is fixed and is the same
+as for the |jumplist|.
+
+When two undo-able changes are in the same line and at a column position less
+than 'textwidth' apart only the last one is remembered. This avoids that a
+sequence of small changes in a line, for example "xxxxx", adds many positions
+to the change list. When 'textwidth' is zero 'wrapmargin' is used. When that
+also isn't set a fixed number of 79 is used. Detail: For the computations
+bytes are used, not characters, to avoid a speed penalty (this only matters
+for multibyte encodings).
+
+Note that when text has been inserted or deleted the cursor position might be
+a bit different from the position of the change. Especially when lines have
+been deleted.
+
+When the `:keepjumps` command modifier is used the position of a change is not
+remembered.
+
+ *:changes*
+:changes Print the change list. A ">" character indicates the
+ current position. Just after a change it is below the
+ newest entry, indicating that `g;` takes you to the
+ newest entry position. The first column indicates the
+ count needed to take you to this position. Example:
+
+ change line col text ~
+ 3 9 8 bla bla bla
+ 2 11 57 foo is a bar
+ 1 14 54 the latest changed line
+ >
+
+ The `3g;` command takes you to line 9. Then the
+ output of `:changes` is:
+
+ change line col text ~
+ > 0 9 8 bla bla bla
+ 1 11 57 foo is a bar
+ 2 14 54 the latest changed line
+
+ Now you can use "g," to go to line 11 and "2g," to go
+ to line 14.
+
+==============================================================================
+9. Various motions *various-motions*
+
+ *%*
+% Find the next item in this line after or under the
+ cursor and jump to its match. |inclusive| motion.
+ Items can be:
+ ([{}]) parenthesis or (curly/square) brackets
+ (this can be changed with the
+ 'matchpairs' option)
+ /* */ start or end of C-style comment
+ #if, #ifdef, #else, #elif, #endif
+ C preprocessor conditionals (when the
+ cursor is on the # or no ([{
+ is following)
+ For other items the matchit plugin can be used, see
+ |matchit-install|. This plugin also helps to skip
+ matches in comments.
+
+ When 'cpoptions' contains "M" |cpo-M| backslashes
+ before parens and braces are ignored. Without "M" the
+ number of backslashes matters: an even number doesn't
+ match with an odd number. Thus in "( \) )" and "\( (
+ \)" the first and last parenthesis match.
+
+ When the '%' character is not present in 'cpoptions'
+ |cpo-%|, parens and braces inside double quotes are
+ ignored, unless the number of parens/braces in a line
+ is uneven and this line and the previous one does not
+ end in a backslash. '(', '{', '[', ']', '}' and ')'
+ are also ignored (parens and braces inside single
+ quotes). Note that this works fine for C, but not for
+ Perl, where single quotes are used for strings.
+
+ Nothing special is done for matches in comments. You
+ can either use the matchit plugin |matchit-install| or
+ put quotes around matches.
+
+ No count is allowed, {count}% jumps to a line {count}
+ percentage down the file |N%|. Using '%' on
+ #if/#else/#endif makes the movement linewise.
+
+ *[(*
+[( Go to [count] previous unmatched '('.
+ |exclusive| motion.
+ *[{*
+[{ Go to [count] previous unmatched '{'.
+ |exclusive| motion.
+ *])*
+]) Go to [count] next unmatched ')'.
+ |exclusive| motion.
+ *]}*
+]} Go to [count] next unmatched '}'.
+ |exclusive| motion.
+
+The above four commands can be used to go to the start or end of the current
+code block. It is like doing "%" on the '(', ')', '{' or '}' at the other
+end of the code block, but you can do this from anywhere in the code block.
+Very useful for C programs. Example: When standing on "case x:", "[{" will
+bring you back to the switch statement.
+
+ *]m*
+]m Go to [count] next start of a method (for Java or
+ similar structured language). When not before the
+ start of a method, jump to the start or end of the
+ class. When no '{' is found after the cursor, this is
+ an error. |exclusive| motion.
+ *]M*
+]M Go to [count] next end of a method (for Java or
+ similar structured language). When not before the end
+ of a method, jump to the start or end of the class.
+ When no '}' is found after the cursor, this is an
+ error. |exclusive| motion.
+ *[m*
+[m Go to [count] previous start of a method (for Java or
+ similar structured language). When not after the
+ start of a method, jump to the start or end of the
+ class. When no '{' is found before the cursor this is
+ an error. |exclusive| motion.
+ *[M*
+[M Go to [count] previous end of a method (for Java or
+ similar structured language). When not after the
+ end of a method, jump to the start or end of the
+ class. When no '}' is found before the cursor this is
+ an error. |exclusive| motion.
+
+The above four commands assume that the file contains a class with methods.
+The class definition is surrounded in '{' and '}'. Each method in the class
+is also surrounded with '{' and '}'. This applies to the Java language. The
+file looks like this: >
+
+ // comment
+ class foo {
+ int method_one() {
+ body_one();
+ }
+ int method_two() {
+ body_two();
+ }
+ }
+
+[To try this out copy the text and put it in a new buffer, the help text above
+confuses the jump commands]
+
+Starting with the cursor on "body_two()", using "[m" will jump to the '{' at
+the start of "method_two()" (obviously this is much more useful when the
+method is long!). Using "2[m" will jump to the start of "method_one()".
+Using "3[m" will jump to the start of the class.
+
+ *[#*
+[# Go to [count] previous unmatched "#if" or "#else".
+ |exclusive| motion.
+
+ *]#*
+]# Go to [count] next unmatched "#else" or "#endif".
+ |exclusive| motion.
+
+These two commands work in C programs that contain #if/#else/#endif
+constructs. It brings you to the start or end of the #if/#else/#endif where
+the current line is included. You can then use "%" to go to the matching line.
+
+ *[star* *[/*
+[* or [/ Go to [count] previous start of a C comment "/*".
+ |exclusive| motion.
+
+ *]star* *]/*
+]* or ]/ Go to [count] next end of a C comment "*/".
+ |exclusive| motion.
+
+
+ *H*
+H To line [count] from top (Home) of window (default:
+ first line on the window) on the first non-blank
+ character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option.
+ Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option, unless an
+ operator is pending, in which case the text may
+ scroll. E.g. "yH" yanks from the first visible line
+ until the cursor line (inclusive).
+
+ *M*
+M To Middle line of window, on the first non-blank
+ character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option.
+
+ *L*
+L To line [count] from bottom of window (default: Last
+ line on the window) on the first non-blank character
+ |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option.
+ Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option, unless an
+ operator is pending, in which case the text may
+ scroll. E.g. "yL" yanks from the cursor to the last
+ visible line.
+
+<LeftMouse> Moves to the position on the screen where the mouse
+ click is |exclusive|. See also |<LeftMouse>|. If the
+ position is in a status line, that window is made the
+ active window and the cursor is not moved.
+
+ vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: