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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+ Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
+
+ This file is part of VirtualBox base platform packages, as
+ available from https://www.virtualbox.org.
+
+ This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ as published by the Free Software Foundation, in version 3 of the
+ License.
+
+ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses>.
+
+ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE glossary PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd"[
+<!ENTITY % all.entities SYSTEM "all-entities.ent">
+%all.entities;
+]>
+<glossary id="Glossary">
+ <glossdiv>
+
+ <title>A</title>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>ACPI</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, an industry
+ specification for BIOS and hardware extensions to configure PC
+ hardware and perform power management. Windows 2000 and later,
+ as well as Linux 2.4 and later support ACPI. Windows can only
+ enable or disable ACPI support at installation time.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>AHCI</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Advanced Host Controller Interface, the interface that
+ supports SATA devices such as hard disks. See
+ <xref
+ linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>AMD-V</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ The hardware virtualization features built into modern AMD
+ processors. See <xref linkend="hwvirt" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>API</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Application Programming Interface.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>APIC</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller, a newer version of
+ the original PC PIC (programmable interrupt controller). Most
+ modern CPUs contain an on-chip APIC, called a local APIC. Many
+ systems also contain an I/O APIC (input output APIC) as a
+ separate chip which provides more than 16 IRQs. Windows 2000
+ and later use a different kernel if they detect an I/O APIC
+ during installation. Therefore, an I/O APIC must not be
+ removed after installation.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>ATA</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Advanced Technology Attachment, an industry standard for hard
+ disk interfaces which is synonymous with IDE. See
+ <xref
+ linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv>
+
+ <title>B</title>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>BIOS</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Basic Input/Output System, the firmware built into most
+ personal computers which is responsible of initializing the
+ hardware after the computer has been turned on and then
+ booting an operating system. &product-name; ships with its own
+ virtual BIOS that runs when a virtual machine is started.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv>
+
+ <title>C</title>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>COM</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Microsoft Component Object Model, a programming infrastructure
+ for modular software. COM enables applications to provide
+ application programming interfaces which can be accessed from
+ various other programming languages and applications.
+ &product-name; makes use of COM both internally and externally
+ to provide a comprehensive API to 3rd party developers.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv>
+
+ <title>D</title>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>DHCP</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. This enables a networking
+ device in a network to acquire its IP address and other
+ networking details automatically, in order to avoid having to
+ configure all devices in a network with fixed IP addresses.
+ &product-name; has a built-in DHCP server that delivers an IP
+ addresses to a virtual machine when networking is configured
+ to NAT. See <xref
+ linkend="networkingdetails" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv>
+
+ <title>E</title>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>EFI</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Extensible Firmware Interface, a firmware built into computers
+ which is designed to replace the aging BIOS. Originally
+ designed by Intel, most modern operating systems can now boot
+ on computers which have EFI instead of a BIOS built into them.
+ See <xref
+ linkend="efi" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>EHCI</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Enhanced Host Controller Interface, the interface that
+ implements the USB 2.0 standard.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv>
+
+ <title>G</title>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>GUI</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Graphical User Interface. Commonly used as an antonym to a
+ "command line interface". In the context of &product-name;, we
+ sometimes refer to the main graphical
+ <command>VirtualBox</command> program as the "GUI", to
+ differentiate it from the <command>VBoxManage</command>
+ interface.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>GUID</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ See UUID.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv>
+
+ <title>I</title>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>IDE</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Integrated Drive Electronics, an industry standard for hard
+ disk interfaces. See <xref linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>I/O APIC</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ See APIC.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>iSCSI</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Internet SCSI. See <xref linkend="storage-iscsi" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv>
+
+ <title>M</title>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>MAC</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Media Access Control, a part of an Ethernet network card. A
+ MAC address is a 6-byte number which identifies a network
+ card. It is typically written in hexadecimal notation where
+ the bytes are separated by colons, such as
+ <literal>00:17:3A:5E:CB:08</literal>.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>MSI</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Message Signaled Interrupts, as supported by modern chipsets
+ such as the ICH9. See <xref linkend="settings-motherboard" />.
+ As opposed to traditional pin-based interrupts, with MSI, a
+ small amount of data can accompany the actual interrupt
+ message. This reduces the amount of hardware pins required and
+ allows for more interrupts and better performance.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv>
+
+ <title>N</title>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>NAT</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Network Address Translation. A technique to share networking
+ interfaces by which an interface modifies the source and/or
+ target IP addresses of network packets according to specific
+ rules. Commonly employed by routers and firewalls to shield an
+ internal network from the Internet, &product-name; can use NAT
+ to easily share a host's physical networking hardware with its
+ virtual machines. See <xref
+ linkend="network_nat" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv>
+
+ <title>O</title>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>OVF</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Open Virtualization Format, a cross-platform industry standard
+ to exchange virtual appliances between virtualization
+ products. See <xref linkend="ovf" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv>
+
+ <title>P</title>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>PAE</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Physical Address Extension. This enables access to more than 4
+ GB of RAM, even in 32-bit environments. See
+ <xref linkend="settings-general-advanced" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>PIC</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ See APIC.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>PXE</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Preboot Execution Environment, an industry standard for
+ booting PC systems from remote network locations. It includes
+ DHCP for IP configuration and TFTP for file transfer. Using
+ UNDI, a hardware independent driver stack for accessing the
+ network card from bootstrap code is available.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv>
+
+ <title>R</title>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>RDP</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Remote Desktop Protocol, a protocol developed by Microsoft as
+ an extension to the ITU T.128 and T.124 video conferencing
+ protocol. With RDP, a PC system can be controlled from a
+ remote location using a network connection over which data is
+ transferred in both directions. Typically graphics updates and
+ audio are sent from the remote machine and keyboard and mouse
+ input events are sent from the client. An &product-name;
+ extension package by Oracle provides VRDP, an enhanced
+ implementation of the relevant standards which is largely
+ compatible with Microsoft's RDP implementation. See
+ <xref linkend="vrde" /> for details.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv>
+
+ <title>S</title>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>SAS</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Serial Attached SCSI, an industry standard for hard disk
+ interfaces. See <xref linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>SATA</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Serial ATA, an industry standard for hard disk interfaces. See
+ <xref linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>SCSI</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Small Computer System Interface. An industry standard for data
+ transfer between devices, especially for storage. See
+ <xref
+ linkend="harddiskcontrollers" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>SMP</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Symmetrical Multiprocessing, meaning that the resources of a
+ computer are shared between several processors. These can
+ either be several processor chips or, as is more common with
+ modern hardware, multiple CPU cores in one processor.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>SSD</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Solid-state drive, uses microchips for storing data in a
+ computer system. Compared to classical hard-disks they are
+ having no mechanical components like spinning disks.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv>
+
+ <title>T</title>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>TAR</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ A widely used file format for archiving. Originally, this
+ stood for Tape ARchive and was already supported by very early
+ UNIX versions for backing up data on tape. The file format is
+ still widely used today. For example, with OVF archives using
+ an <filename>.ova</filename> file extension. See
+ <xref
+ linkend="ovf" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv>
+
+ <title>U</title>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>UUID</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ A Universally Unique Identifier, often also called GUID
+ (Globally Unique Identifier). A UUID is a string of numbers
+ and letters which can be computed dynamically and is
+ guaranteed to be unique. Generally, it is used as a global
+ handle to identify entities. &product-name; makes use of UUIDs
+ to identify VMs, Virtual Disk Images (VDI files), and other
+ entities.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv>
+
+ <title>V</title>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>VM</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Virtual Machine. A virtual computer that &product-name;
+ enables you to run on top of your actual hardware. See
+ <xref
+ linkend="virtintro" /> for details.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>VMM</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Virtual Machine Manager. The component of &product-name; that
+ controls VM execution. See
+ <xref linkend="technical-components" /> for a list of
+ &product-name; components.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>VRDE</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ VirtualBox Remote Desktop Extension. This interface is built
+ into &product-name; to allow &product-name; extension packages
+ to supply remote access to virtual machines. An &product-name;
+ extension package by Oracle provides VRDP support. See
+ <xref linkend="vrde" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>VRDP</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ See RDP.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>VT-x</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ The hardware virtualization features built into modern Intel
+ processors. See <xref linkend="hwvirt" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv>
+
+ <title>X</title>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>xHCI</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ eXtended Host Controller Interface, the interface that
+ implements the USB 3.0 standard.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>XML</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ The eXtensible Markup Language, a metastandard for all kinds
+ of textual information. XML only specifies how data in the
+ document is organized generally and does not prescribe how to
+ semantically organize content.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry><glossterm>XPCOM</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+
+ <para>
+ Mozilla Cross Platform Component Object Model, a programming
+ infrastructure developed by the Mozilla browser project which
+ is similar to Microsoft COM and enables applications to
+ provide a modular programming interface. &product-name; makes
+ use of XPCOM on Linux both internally and externally to
+ provide a comprehensive API to third-party developers.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+</glossary>
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