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+---
+layout: docs
+title: Spacing
+description: Bootstrap includes a wide range of shorthand responsive margin, padding, and gap utility classes to modify an element's appearance.
+group: utilities
+toc: true
+---
+
+## Margin and padding
+
+Assign responsive-friendly `margin` or `padding` values to an element or a subset of its sides with shorthand classes. Includes support for individual properties, all properties, and vertical and horizontal properties. Classes are built from a default Sass map ranging from `.25rem` to `3rem`.
+
+{{< callout >}}
+**Using the CSS Grid layout module?** Consider using [the gap utility](#gap) instead.
+{{< /callout >}}
+
+### Notation
+
+Spacing utilities that apply to all breakpoints, from `xs` to `xxl`, have no breakpoint abbreviation in them. This is because those classes are applied from `min-width: 0` and up, and thus are not bound by a media query. The remaining breakpoints, however, do include a breakpoint abbreviation.
+
+The classes are named using the format `{property}{sides}-{size}` for `xs` and `{property}{sides}-{breakpoint}-{size}` for `sm`, `md`, `lg`, `xl`, and `xxl`.
+
+Where *property* is one of:
+
+- `m` - for classes that set `margin`
+- `p` - for classes that set `padding`
+
+Where *sides* is one of:
+
+- `t` - for classes that set `margin-top` or `padding-top`
+- `b` - for classes that set `margin-bottom` or `padding-bottom`
+- `s` - (start) for classes that set `margin-left` or `padding-left` in LTR, `margin-right` or `padding-right` in RTL
+- `e` - (end) for classes that set `margin-right` or `padding-right` in LTR, `margin-left` or `padding-left` in RTL
+- `x` - for classes that set both `*-left` and `*-right`
+- `y` - for classes that set both `*-top` and `*-bottom`
+- blank - for classes that set a `margin` or `padding` on all 4 sides of the element
+
+Where *size* is one of:
+
+- `0` - for classes that eliminate the `margin` or `padding` by setting it to `0`
+- `1` - (by default) for classes that set the `margin` or `padding` to `$spacer * .25`
+- `2` - (by default) for classes that set the `margin` or `padding` to `$spacer * .5`
+- `3` - (by default) for classes that set the `margin` or `padding` to `$spacer`
+- `4` - (by default) for classes that set the `margin` or `padding` to `$spacer * 1.5`
+- `5` - (by default) for classes that set the `margin` or `padding` to `$spacer * 3`
+- `auto` - for classes that set the `margin` to auto
+
+(You can add more sizes by adding entries to the `$spacers` Sass map variable.)
+
+### Examples
+
+Here are some representative examples of these classes:
+
+```scss
+.mt-0 {
+  margin-top: 0 !important;
+}
+
+.ms-1 {
+  margin-left: ($spacer * .25) !important;
+}
+
+.px-2 {
+  padding-left: ($spacer * .5) !important;
+  padding-right: ($spacer * .5) !important;
+}
+
+.p-3 {
+  padding: $spacer !important;
+}
+```
+
+### Horizontal centering
+
+Additionally, Bootstrap also includes an `.mx-auto` class for horizontally centering fixed-width block level content—that is, content that has `display: block` and a `width` set—by setting the horizontal margins to `auto`.
+
+<div class="bd-example">
+  <div class="mx-auto" style="width: 200px; background-color: rgba(86,61,124,.15);">
+    Centered element
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+```html
+<div class="mx-auto" style="width: 200px;">
+  Centered element
+</div>
+```
+
+## Negative margin
+
+In CSS, `margin` properties can utilize negative values (`padding` cannot). These negative margins are **disabled by default**, but can be enabled in Sass by setting `$enable-negative-margins: true`.
+
+The syntax is nearly the same as the default, positive margin utilities, but with the addition of `n` before the requested size. Here's an example class that's the opposite of `.mt-1`:
+
+```scss
+.mt-n1 {
+  margin-top: -0.25rem !important;
+}
+```
+
+## Gap
+
+When using `display: grid`, you can make use of `gap` utilities on the parent grid container. This can save on having to add margin utilities to individual grid items (children of a `display: grid` container). Gap utilities are responsive by default, and are generated via our utilities API, based on the `$spacers` Sass map.
+
+{{< example html >}}
+<div class="d-grid gap-3">
+  <div class="p-2 bg-light border">Grid item 1</div>
+  <div class="p-2 bg-light border">Grid item 2</div>
+  <div class="p-2 bg-light border">Grid item 3</div>
+</div>
+{{< /example >}}
+
+Support includes responsive options for all of Bootstrap's grid breakpoints, as well as six sizes from the `$spacers` map (`0`–`5`). There is no `.gap-auto` utility class as it's effectively the same as `.gap-0`.
+
+## Sass
+
+### Maps
+
+Spacing utilities are declared via Sass map and then generated with our utilities API.
+
+{{< scss-docs name="spacer-variables-maps" file="scss/_variables.scss" >}}
+
+### Utilities API
+
+Spacing utilities are declared in our utilities API in `scss/_utilities.scss`. [Learn how to use the utilities API.]({{< docsref "/utilities/api#using-the-api" >}})
+
+{{< scss-docs name="utils-spacing" file="scss/_utilities.scss" >}}