--- layout: docs title: Alerts description: Provide contextual feedback messages for typical user actions with the handful of available and flexible alert messages. group: components toc: true --- ## Examples Alerts are available for any length of text, as well as an optional close button. For proper styling, use one of the eight **required** contextual classes (e.g., `.alert-success`). For inline dismissal, use the [alerts JavaScript plugin](#dismissing). {{< example >}} {{< alerts.inline >}} {{- range (index $.Site.Data "theme-colors") }} {{- end -}} {{< /alerts.inline >}} {{< /example >}} {{< callout info >}} {{< partial "callout-warning-color-assistive-technologies.md" >}} {{< /callout >}} ### Live example Click the button below to show an alert (hidden with inline styles to start), then dismiss (and destroy) it with the built-in close button. {{< example stackblitz_add_js="true" >}}
{{< /example >}} We use the following JavaScript to trigger our live alert demo: ```js const alertPlaceholder = document.getElementById('liveAlertPlaceholder') const alert = (message, type) => { const wrapper = document.createElement('div') wrapper.innerHTML = [ `' ].join('') alertPlaceholder.append(wrapper) } const alertTrigger = document.getElementById('liveAlertBtn') if (alertTrigger) { alertTrigger.addEventListener('click', () => { alert('Nice, you triggered this alert message!', 'success') }) } ``` ### Link color Use the `.alert-link` utility class to quickly provide matching colored links within any alert. {{< example >}} {{< alerts.inline >}} {{- range (index $.Site.Data "theme-colors") }} {{ end -}} {{< /alerts.inline >}} {{< /example >}} ### Additional content Alerts can also contain additional HTML elements like headings, paragraphs and dividers. {{< example >}} {{< /example >}} ### Icons Similarly, you can use [flexbox utilities]({{< docsref "/utilities/flex" >}}) and [Bootstrap Icons]({{< param icons >}}) to create alerts with icons. Depending on your icons and content, you may want to add more utilities or custom styles. {{< example >}} {{< /example >}} Need more than one icon for your alerts? Consider using more Bootstrap Icons and making a local SVG sprite like so to easily reference the same icons repeatedly. {{< example >}} {{< /example >}} ### Dismissing Using the alert JavaScript plugin, it's possible to dismiss any alert inline. Here's how: - Be sure you've loaded the alert plugin, or the compiled Bootstrap JavaScript. - Add a [close button]({{< docsref "/components/close-button" >}}) and the `.alert-dismissible` class, which adds extra padding to the right of the alert and positions the close button. - On the close button, add the `data-bs-dismiss="alert"` attribute, which triggers the JavaScript functionality. Be sure to use the ` {{< /example >}} {{< callout warning >}} When an alert is dismissed, the element is completely removed from the page structure. If a keyboard user dismisses the alert using the close button, their focus will suddenly be lost and, depending on the browser, reset to the start of the page/document. For this reason, we recommend including additional JavaScript that listens for the `closed.bs.alert` event and programmatically sets `focus()` to the most appropriate location in the page. If you're planning to move focus to a non-interactive element that normally does not receive focus, make sure to add `tabindex="-1"` to the element. {{< /callout >}} ## CSS ### Variables {{< added-in "5.2.0" >}} As part of Bootstrap's evolving CSS variables approach, alerts now use local CSS variables on `.alert` for enhanced real-time customization. Values for the CSS variables are set via Sass, so Sass customization is still supported, too. {{< scss-docs name="alert-css-vars" file="scss/_alert.scss" >}} ### Sass variables {{< scss-docs name="alert-variables" file="scss/_variables.scss" >}} ### Sass mixin Used in combination with `$theme-colors` to create contextual modifier classes for our alerts. {{< scss-docs name="alert-variant-mixin" file="scss/mixins/_alert.scss" >}} ### Sass loop Loop that generates the modifier classes with the `alert-variant()` mixin. {{< scss-docs name="alert-modifiers" file="scss/_alert.scss" >}} ## JavaScript behavior ### Initialize Initialize elements as alerts ```js const alertList = document.querySelectorAll('.alert') const alerts = [...alertList].map(element => new bootstrap.Alert(element)) ``` {{< callout info >}} For the sole purpose of dismissing an alert, it isn't necessary to initialize the component manually via the JS API. By making use of `data-bs-dismiss="alert"`, the component will be initialized automatically and properly dismissed. See the [triggers](#triggers) section for more details. {{< /callout >}} ### Triggers {{% js-dismiss "alert" %}} **Note that closing an alert will remove it from the DOM.** ### Methods You can create an alert instance with the alert constructor, for example: ```js const bsAlert = new bootstrap.Alert('#myAlert') ``` This makes an alert listen for click events on descendant elements which have the `data-bs-dismiss="alert"` attribute. (Not necessary when using the data-api’s auto-initialization.) {{< bs-table >}} | Method | Description | | --- | --- | | `close` | Closes an alert by removing it from the DOM. If the `.fade` and `.show` classes are present on the element, the alert will fade out before it is removed. | | `dispose` | Destroys an element's alert. (Removes stored data on the DOM element) | | `getInstance` | Static method which allows you to get the alert instance associated to a DOM element. For example: `bootstrap.Alert.getInstance(alert)`. | | `getOrCreateInstance` | Static method which returns an alert instance associated to a DOM element or create a new one in case it wasn't initialized. You can use it like this: `bootstrap.Alert.getOrCreateInstance(element)`. | {{< /bs-table >}} Basic usage: ```js const alert = bootstrap.Alert.getOrCreateInstance('#myAlert') alert.close() ``` ### Events Bootstrap's alert plugin exposes a few events for hooking into alert functionality. {{< bs-table >}} | Event | Description | | --- | --- | | `close.bs.alert` | Fires immediately when the `close` instance method is called. | | `closed.bs.alert` | Fired when the alert has been closed and CSS transitions have completed. | {{< /bs-table >}} ```js const myAlert = document.getElementById('myAlert') myAlert.addEventListener('closed.bs.alert', event => { // do something, for instance, explicitly move focus to the most appropriate element, // so it doesn't get lost/reset to the start of the page // document.getElementById('...').focus() }) ```