# dnscap [![Total alerts](https://img.shields.io/lgtm/alerts/g/DNS-OARC/dnscap.svg?logo=lgtm&logoWidth=18)](https://lgtm.com/projects/g/DNS-OARC/dnscap/alerts/) [![Bugs](https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=dns-oarc%3Adnscap&metric=bugs)](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=dns-oarc%3Adnscap) [![Security Rating](https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=dns-oarc%3Adnscap&metric=security_rating)](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=dns-oarc%3Adnscap) `dnscap` is a network capture utility designed specifically for DNS traffic. It produces binary data in `pcap(3)` and other format. This utility is similar to `tcpdump(1)`, but has a number of features tailored to DNS transactions and protocol options. DNS-OARC uses `dnscap` for DITL data collections. Some of its features include: - Understands both IPv4 and IPv6 - Captures UDP, TCP, and IP fragments. - Collect only queries, responses, or both (`-s` option) - Collect for only certain source/destination addresses (`-a` `-z` `-A` `-Z` options) - Periodically creates new pcap files (`-t` option) - Spawns an upload script after closing a pcap file (`-k` option) - Will start and stop collecting at specific times (`-B` `-E` options) More information may be found here: - https://www.dns-oarc.net/tools/dnscap - https://www.dns-oarc.net/oarc/data/ditl Issues should be reported here: - https://github.com/DNS-OARC/dnscap/issues General support and discussion: - Mattermost: https://chat.dns-oarc.net/community/channels/oarc-software - mailing-list: https://lists.dns-oarc.net/mailman/listinfo/dnscap-users ## Dependencies `dnscap` requires a couple of libraries beside a normal C compiling environment with autoconf, automake, libtool and pkgconfig. `dnscap` has a non-optional dependency on the PCAP library and LDNS. To install the dependencies under Debian/Ubuntu: ``` apt-get install -y libpcap-dev libldns-dev zlib1g-dev libyaml-perl libssl-dev ``` To install the dependencies under CentOS (with EPEL enabled): ``` yum install -y libpcap-devel ldns-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel perl-YAML ``` For the following OS you will need to install some of the dependencies from source or Ports, these instructions are not included. To install some of the dependencies under FreeBSD 10+ using `pkg`: ``` pkg install -y libpcap ldns p5-YAML openssl-devel ``` To install some of the dependencies under OpenBSD 5+ using `pkg_add`: ``` pkg_add libldns p5-YAML ``` NOTE: It is recommended to install the PCAP library from source/ports on OpenBSD since the bundled version is an older and modified version. ### Dependencies for `cryptopant.so` plugin For this plugin a library call `cryptopANT` is required and the original can be found here: https://ant.isi.edu/software/cryptopANT/index.html . For DNS-OARC packages we build our own fork, with slight modifications to conform across distributions, of this library which is included in the same package repository as `dnscap`. The modifications and packaging files can be found here: https://github.com/DNS-OARC/cryptopANT . ## Building from source tarball The [source tarball from DNS-OARC](https://www.dns-oarc.net/tools/dnscap) comes prepared with `configure`: ``` tar zxvf dnscap-version.tar.gz cd dnscap-version ./configure [options] make make install ``` ## Building from Git repository If you are building `dnscap` from it's Git repository you will first need to initiate the Git submodules that exists and later create autoconf/automake files, this will require a build environment with autoconf, automake, libtool and pkg-config to be installed. ``` git clone https://github.com/DNS-OARC/dnscap.git cd dnscap git submodule update --init ./autogen.sh ./configure [options] make make install ``` ### 64-bit libraries If you need to link against 64-bit libraries found in non-standard locations, provide the location by setting LDFLAGS before running configure: ``` $ env LDFLAGS=-L/usr/lib64 ./configure ``` ### OpenBSD For OpenBSD you probably installed libpcap in `/usr/local` so you will need to tell `configure` where to find the libraries and header files: ``` $ env CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include" LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/lib" ./configure ``` ## Plugins `dnscap` comes bundled with a set of plugins, see `-P` option. - `anonaes128.so`: Anonymize IP addresses using AES128 - `anonmask.so`: Pseudo-anonymize IP addresses by masking them - `cryptopan.so`: Anonymize IP addresses using an extension to Crypto-PAn (College of Computing, Georgia Tech) made by David Stott (Lucent) - `cryptopant.so`: Anonymize IP addresses using cryptopANT, a different implementation of Crypto-PAn made by the ANT project at USC/ISI - `ipcrypt.so`: Anonymize IP addresses using ipcrypt create by Jean-Philippe Aumasson - `pcapdump.so`: Dump DNS into a PCAP with some filtering options - `royparse.so`: Splits a PCAP into two streams; queries in PCAP format and responses in ASCII format - `rssm.so`: Root Server Scaling Measurement plugin, see it's [README.md](plugins/rssm/README.md) for more information - `rzkeychange.so`: RFC8145 key tag signal collection and reporting plugin - `txtout.so`: Dump DNS as one-line text - `eventlog.so`: Syslog style output for easy parsing, use with a SIEM, etc. There is also a `template` plugin in the source repository to help others develop new plugins. ## CBOR DNS Stream Format This is an experimental format for representing DNS information in CBOR with the goals to: - Be able to stream the information - Support incomplete, broken and/or invalid DNS - Have close to no data quality and signature degradation - Support additional non-DNS meta data (such as ICMP/TCP attributes) Read [CBOR_DNS_STREAM.md](https://github.com/DNS-OARC/dnscap/blob/develop/CBOR_DNS_STREAM.md) for more information. To enable this output please follow the instructions below for Enabling CBOR Output, note that this only requires Tinycbor. ### Outputting to CBOR DNS Stream (CDS) To output to the CDS format you tell `dnscap` to write to a file and set the format to CDS. CDS is a stream of CBOR objects and you can control how many objects are kept in memory until flushed to the file by setting `cds_cbor_size`, note that this is bytes of memory and not number of objects. When it reaches this limit it will write the output and start on a new file. Read `dnscap`'s man page for all CDS extended options. ``` src/dnscap [...] -w -F cds [ -o cds_cbor_size= ] ``` ## CBOR There is experimental support for CBOR output using LDNS and Tinycbor with a data structure described in the DNS-in-JSON draft. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-hoffman-dns-in-json/ ### Enabling CBOR Output To enable the CBOR output support you will need to install it's dependencies before running `configure`, LDNS exists for most distributions but Tinycbor is new so you need to download and compile it, you do not necessary need to install it as shown in the example below. ```sh git clone https://github.com/DNS-OARC/dnscap.git cd dnscap git submodule update --init git clone https://github.com/01org/tinycbor.git cd tinycbor git checkout v0.4.2 make cd .. sh autogen.sh CFLAGS="-I$PWD/tinycbor/src" LDFLAGS="-L$PWD/tinycbor/lib" LIBS="-ltinycbor" ./configure make ``` **NOTE**: Paths in `CFLAGS` and `LDFLAGS` must be absolute. ### CBOR to JSON Tinycbor comes with a tool to convert CBOR to JSON, check `bin/cbordump -h` in the Tinycbor directory after having compiled it. ### Outputting to CBOR To output to the CBOR format you tell `dnscap` to write to a file and set the format to CBOR. Since Tinycbor constructs everything in memory there is a limit and when it is reached it will write the output and start on a new file. You can control the number of bytes with the extended option `cbor_chunk_size`. ``` src/dnscap [...] -w -F cbor [ -o cbor_chunk_size= ] ``` ### Additional attributes There is currently an additional attribute added to the CBOR object which contains the IP information as following: ``` "ip": [ , "", "", ] ``` Example: ```json "ip": [ 17, "127.0.0.1", 34856, "127.0.0.1", 53 ] ``` ### Limitations, deviations and issues Since this is still experimental there are of course some issues: - RDATA is in binary format - DNS packet are parsed by LDNS which can fail if malformed packets - `dateSeconds` is added as a C `double` which might loose some of the time precision