New upstream version 1.11.0+dfsgupstream/1.11.0+dfsg

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+
+# Metrics Long Term Archiving
+
+netdata supports backends for archiving the metrics, or providing long term dashboards,
+using Grafana or other tools, like this:
+
+![image](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/2662304/20649711/29f182ba-b4ce-11e6-97c8-ab2c0ab59833.png)
+
+Since netdata collects thousands of metrics per server per second, which would easily congest any backend
+server when several netdata servers are sending data to it, netdata allows sending metrics at a lower
+frequency, by resampling them.
+
+So, although netdata collects metrics every second, it can send to the backend servers averages or sums every
+X seconds (though, it can send them per second if you need it to).
+
+## features
+
+1. Supported backends
+
+   - **graphite** (`plaintext interface`, used by **Graphite**, **InfluxDB**, **KairosDB**,
+     **Blueflood**, **ElasticSearch** via logstash tcp input and the graphite codec, etc)
+
+     metrics are sent to the backend server as `prefix.hostname.chart.dimension`. `prefix` is
+     configured below, `hostname` is the hostname of the machine (can also be configured).
+
+   - **opentsdb** (`telnet interface`, used by **OpenTSDB**, **InfluxDB**, **KairosDB**, etc)
+
+     metrics are sent to opentsdb as `prefix.chart.dimension` with tag `host=hostname`.
+
+   - **json** document DBs
+
+     metrics are sent to a document db, `JSON` formatted.
+
+   - **prometheus** is described at [prometheus page](prometheus/) since it pulls data from netdata.
+
+2. Only one backend may be active at a time.
+
+3. Netdata can filter metrics (at the chart level), to send only a subset of the collected metrics.
+
+4. Three modes of operation (for all backends):
+
+   - `as collected`: the latest collected value is sent to the backend. This means that if netdata
+     is configured to send data to the backend every 10 seconds, only 1 out of 10 values will appear
+     at the backend server. The values are sent exactly as collected, before any multipliers or
+     dividers applied and before any interpolation. This mode emulates other data collectors,
+     such as `collectd` or `telegraf`.
+
+   - `average`: the average of the interpolated values shown on the netdata graphs is sent to the
+     backend. So, if netdata is configured to send data to the backend server every 10 seconds,
+     the average of the 10 values shown on the netdata charts will be used. **If you can't decide
+      which mode to use, use `average`.**
+
+   - `sum` or `volume`: the sum of the interpolated values shown on the netdata graphs is sent to
+     the backend. So, if netdata is configured to send data to the backend every 10 seconds, the
+     sum of the 10 values shown on the netdata charts will be used.
+
+5. This code is smart enough, not to slow down netdata, independently of the speed of the backend server.
+
+## configuration
+
+In `/etc/netdata/netdata.conf` you should have something like this (if not download the latest version
+of `netdata.conf` from your netdata):
+
+```
+[backend]
+    enabled = yes | no
+    type = graphite | opentsdb | json
+    host tags = list of TAG=VALUE
+    destination = space separated list of [PROTOCOL:]HOST[:PORT] - the first working will be used
+    data source = average | sum | as collected
+    prefix = netdata
+    hostname = my-name
+    update every = 10
+    buffer on failures = 10
+    timeout ms = 20000
+    send charts matching = *
+    send hosts matching = localhost *
+    send names instead of ids = yes
+```
+
+- `enabled = yes | no`, enables or disables sending data to a backend
+
+- `type = graphite | opentsdb | json`, selects the backend type
+
+- `destination = host1 host2 host3 ...`, accepts **a space separated list** of hostnames,
+   IPs (IPv4 and IPv6) and ports to connect to.
+   Netdata will use the **first available** to send the metrics.
+
+   The format of each item in this list, is: `[PROTOCOL:]IP[:PORT]`.
+
+   `PROTOCOL` can be `udp` or `tcp`. `tcp` is the default and only supported by the current backends.
+
+   `IP` can be `XX.XX.XX.XX` (IPv4), or `[XX:XX...XX:XX]` (IPv6).
+   For IPv6 you can to enclose the IP in `[]` to separate it from the port.
+
+   `PORT` can be a number of a service name. If omitted, the default port for the backend will be used
+   (graphite = 2003, opentsdb = 4242).
+
+   Example IPv4:
+
+```
+   destination = 10.11.14.2:4242 10.11.14.3:4242 10.11.14.4:4242
+```
+
+   Example IPv6 and IPv4 together:
+   
+```
+   destination = [ffff:...:0001]:2003 10.11.12.1:2003
+```
+
+   When multiple servers are defined, netdata will try the next one when the first one fails. This allows
+   you to load-balance different servers: give your backend servers in different order on each netdata.
+
+   netdata also ships [`nc-backend.sh`](nc-backend.sh),
+   a script that can be used as a fallback backend to save the metrics to disk and push them to the
+   time-series database when it becomes available again. It can also be used to monitor / trace / debug
+   the metrics netdata generates.
+
+- `data source = as collected`, or `data source = average`, or `data source = sum`, selects the kind of
+   data that will be sent to the backend.
+
+- `hostname = my-name`, is the hostname to be used for sending data to the backend server. By default
+   this is `[global].hostname`.
+
+- `prefix = netdata`, is the prefix to add to all metrics.
+
+- `update every = 10`, is the number of seconds between sending data to the backend. netdata will add
+   some randomness to this number, to prevent stressing the backend server when many netdata servers send
+   data to the same backend. This randomness does not affect the quality of the data, only the time they
+   are sent.
+
+- `buffer on failures = 10`, is the number of iterations (each iteration is `[backend].update every` seconds)
+   to buffer data, when the backend is not available. If the backend fails to receive the data after that
+   many failures, data loss on the backend is expected (netdata will also log it).
+
+- `timeout ms = 20000`, is the timeout in milliseconds to wait for the backend server to process the data.
+   By default this is `2 * update_every * 1000`.
+
+- `send hosts matching = localhost *` includes one or more space separated patterns, using ` * ` as wildcard
+   (any number of times within each pattern). The patterns are checked against the hostname (the localhost
+   is always checked as `localhost`), allowing us to filter which hosts will be sent to the backend when
+   this netdata is a central netdata aggregating multiple hosts. A pattern starting with ` ! ` gives a
+   negative match. So to match all hosts named `*db*` except hosts containing `*slave*`, use
+   `!*slave* *db*` (so, the order is important: the first pattern matching the hostname will be used - positive
+   or negative).
+
+- `send charts matching = *` includes one or more space separated patterns, using ` * ` as wildcard (any
+   number of times within each pattern). The patterns are checked against both chart id and chart name.
+   A pattern starting with ` ! ` gives a negative match. So to match all charts named `apps.*`
+   except charts ending in `*reads`, use `!*reads apps.*` (so, the order is important: the first pattern
+   matching the chart id or the chart name will be used - positive or negative).
+
+- `send names instead of ids = yes | no` controls the metric names netdata should send to backend.
+   netdata supports names and IDs for charts and dimensions. Usually IDs are unique identifiers as read
+   by the system and names are human friendly labels (also unique). Most charts and metrics have the same
+   ID and name, but in several cases they are different: disks with device-mapper, interrupts, QoS classes,
+   statsd synthetic charts, etc.
+
+- `host tags = list of TAG=VALUE` defines tags that should be appended on all metrics for the given host.
+   These are currently only sent to opentsdb and prometheus. Please use the appropriate format for each
+   time-series db. For example opentsdb likes them like `TAG1=VALUE1 TAG2=VALUE2`, but prometheus like
+   `tag1="value1",tag2="value2"`. Host tags are mirrored with database replication (streaming of metrics
+   between netdata servers).
+
+## monitoring operation
+
+netdata provides 5 charts:
+
+1. **Buffered metrics**, the number of metrics netdata added to the buffer for dispatching them to the
+   backend server.
+   
+2. **Buffered data size**, the amount of data (in KB) netdata added the buffer.
+
+3. ~~**Backend latency**, the time the backend server needed to process the data netdata sent.
+   If there was a re-connection involved, this includes the connection time.~~
+   (this chart has been removed, because it only measures the time netdata needs to give the data
+   to the O/S - since the backend servers do not ack the reception, netdata does not have any means
+   to measure this properly).
+   
+4. **Backend operations**, the number of operations performed by netdata.
+
+5. **Backend thread CPU usage**, the CPU resources consumed by the netdata thread, that is responsible
+   for sending the metrics to the backend server.
+
+![image](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/2662304/20463536/eb196084-af3d-11e6-8ee5-ddbd3b4d8449.png)
+
+## alarms
+
+The latest version of the alarms configuration for monitoring the backend is [here](../health/health.d/backend.conf)
+
+netdata adds 4 alarms:
+
+1. `backend_last_buffering`, number of seconds since the last successful buffering of backend data
+2. `backend_metrics_sent`, percentage of metrics sent to the backend server
+3. `backend_metrics_lost`, number of metrics lost due to repeating failures to contact the backend server
+4. ~~`backend_slow`, the percentage of time between iterations needed by the backend time to process the data sent by netdata~~ (this was misleading and has been removed).
+
+![image](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/2662304/20463779/a46ed1c2-af43-11e6-91a5-07ca4533cac3.png)
+