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| author | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2022-04-14 18:12:10 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2022-04-14 18:12:10 +0000 |
| commit | b5321aff06d6ea8d730d62aec2ffd8e9271c1ffc (patch) | |
| tree | 36c41e35994786456154f9d3bf88c324763aeea4 /backends/prometheus/README.md | |
| parent | Adding upstream version 1.33.1. (diff) | |
| download | netdata-c13434eeaa930a509fb022b2e7fb4f2d60319c9d.tar.xz netdata-c13434eeaa930a509fb022b2e7fb4f2d60319c9d.zip | |
Adding upstream version 1.34.0.upstream/1.34.0
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'backends/prometheus/README.md')
| -rw-r--r-- | backends/prometheus/README.md | 457 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 457 deletions
diff --git a/backends/prometheus/README.md b/backends/prometheus/README.md deleted file mode 100644 index a0460d1d8..000000000 --- a/backends/prometheus/README.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,457 +0,0 @@ -<!-- -title: "Using Netdata with Prometheus" -custom_edit_url: https://github.com/netdata/netdata/edit/master/backends/prometheus/README.md ---> - -# Using Netdata with Prometheus - -> IMPORTANT: the format Netdata sends metrics to prometheus has changed since Netdata v1.7. The new prometheus backend -> for Netdata supports a lot more features and is aligned to the development of the rest of the Netdata backends. - -Prometheus is a distributed monitoring system which offers a very simple setup along with a robust data model. Recently -Netdata added support for Prometheus. I'm going to quickly show you how to install both Netdata and prometheus on the -same server. We can then use grafana pointed at Prometheus to obtain long term metrics Netdata offers. I'm assuming we -are starting at a fresh ubuntu shell (whether you'd like to follow along in a VM or a cloud instance is up to you). - -## Installing Netdata and prometheus - -### Installing Netdata - -There are number of ways to install Netdata according to [Installation](/packaging/installer/README.md). The suggested way -of installing the latest Netdata and keep it upgrade automatically. Using one line installation: - -```sh -bash <(curl -Ss https://my-netdata.io/kickstart.sh) -``` - -At this point we should have Netdata listening on port 19999. Attempt to take your browser here: - -```sh -http://your.netdata.ip:19999 -``` - -_(replace `your.netdata.ip` with the IP or hostname of the server running Netdata)_ - -### Installing Prometheus - -In order to install prometheus we are going to introduce our own systemd startup script along with an example of -prometheus.yaml configuration. Prometheus needs to be pointed to your server at a specific target url for it to scrape -Netdata's api. Prometheus is always a pull model meaning Netdata is the passive client within this architecture. -Prometheus always initiates the connection with Netdata. - -#### Download Prometheus - -```sh -cd /tmp && curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/prometheus/prometheus/releases/latest \ -| grep "browser_download_url.*linux-amd64.tar.gz" \ -| cut -d '"' -f 4 \ -| wget -qi - -``` - -#### Create prometheus system user - -```sh -sudo useradd -r prometheus -``` - -#### Create prometheus directory - -```sh -sudo mkdir /opt/prometheus -sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /opt/prometheus -``` - -#### Untar prometheus directory - -```sh -sudo tar -xvf /tmp/prometheus-*linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt/prometheus --strip=1 -``` - -#### Install prometheus.yml - -We will use the following `prometheus.yml` file. Save it at `/opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml`. - -Make sure to replace `your.netdata.ip` with the IP or hostname of the host running Netdata. - -```yaml -# my global config -global: - scrape_interval: 5s # Set the scrape interval to every 5 seconds. Default is every 1 minute. - evaluation_interval: 5s # Evaluate rules every 5 seconds. The default is every 1 minute. - # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s). - - # Attach these labels to any time series or alerts when communicating with - # external systems (federation, remote storage, Alertmanager). - external_labels: - monitor: 'codelab-monitor' - -# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'. -rule_files: - # - "first.rules" - # - "second.rules" - -# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape: -# Here it's Prometheus itself. -scrape_configs: - # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config. - - job_name: 'prometheus' - - # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics' - # scheme defaults to 'http'. - - static_configs: - - targets: ['0.0.0.0:9090'] - - - job_name: 'netdata-scrape' - - metrics_path: '/api/v1/allmetrics' - params: - # format: prometheus | prometheus_all_hosts - # You can use `prometheus_all_hosts` if you want Prometheus to set the `instance` to your hostname instead of IP - format: [prometheus] - # - # source: as-collected | raw | average | sum | volume - # default is: average - #source: [as-collected] - # - # server name for this prometheus - the default is the client IP - # for Netdata to uniquely identify it - #server: ['prometheus1'] - honor_labels: true - - static_configs: - - targets: ['{your.netdata.ip}:19999'] -``` - -#### Install nodes.yml - -The following is completely optional, it will enable Prometheus to generate alerts from some Netdata sources. Tweak the -values to your own needs. We will use the following `nodes.yml` file below. Save it at `/opt/prometheus/nodes.yml`, and -add a _- "nodes.yml"_ entry under the _rule_files:_ section in the example prometheus.yml file above. - -```yaml -groups: - - name: nodes - - rules: - - alert: node_high_cpu_usage_70 - expr: sum(sum_over_time(netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average{dimension=~"(user|system|softirq|irq|guest)"}[10m])) by (job) / sum(count_over_time(netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average{dimension="idle"}[10m])) by (job) > 70 - for: 1m - annotations: - description: '{{ $labels.job }} on ''{{ $labels.job }}'' CPU usage is at {{ humanize $value }}%.' - summary: CPU alert for container node '{{ $labels.job }}' - - - alert: node_high_memory_usage_70 - expr: 100 / sum(netdata_system_ram_MB_average) by (job) - * sum(netdata_system_ram_MB_average{dimension=~"free|cached"}) by (job) < 30 - for: 1m - annotations: - description: '{{ $labels.job }} memory usage is {{ humanize $value}}%.' - summary: Memory alert for container node '{{ $labels.job }}' - - - alert: node_low_root_filesystem_space_20 - expr: 100 / sum(netdata_disk_space_GB_average{family="/"}) by (job) - * sum(netdata_disk_space_GB_average{family="/",dimension=~"avail|cached"}) by (job) < 20 - for: 1m - annotations: - description: '{{ $labels.job }} root filesystem space is {{ humanize $value}}%.' - summary: Root filesystem alert for container node '{{ $labels.job }}' - - - alert: node_root_filesystem_fill_rate_6h - expr: predict_linear(netdata_disk_space_GB_average{family="/",dimension=~"avail|cached"}[1h], 6 * 3600) < 0 - for: 1h - labels: - severity: critical - annotations: - description: Container node {{ $labels.job }} root filesystem is going to fill up in 6h. - summary: Disk fill alert for Swarm node '{{ $labels.job }}' -``` - -#### Install prometheus.service - -Save this service file as `/etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service`: - -```sh -[Unit] -Description=Prometheus Server -AssertPathExists=/opt/prometheus - -[Service] -Type=simple -WorkingDirectory=/opt/prometheus -User=prometheus -Group=prometheus -ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml --log.level=info -ExecReload=/bin/kill -SIGHUP $MAINPID -ExecStop=/bin/kill -SIGINT $MAINPID - -[Install] -WantedBy=multi-user.target -``` - -##### Start Prometheus - -```sh -sudo systemctl start prometheus -sudo systemctl enable prometheus -``` - -Prometheus should now start and listen on port 9090. Attempt to head there with your browser. - -If everything is working correctly when you fetch `http://your.prometheus.ip:9090` you will see a 'Status' tab. Click -this and click on 'targets' We should see the Netdata host as a scraped target. - ---- - -## Netdata support for prometheus - -> IMPORTANT: the format Netdata sends metrics to prometheus has changed since Netdata v1.6. The new format allows easier -> queries for metrics and supports both `as collected` and normalized metrics. - -Before explaining the changes, we have to understand the key differences between Netdata and prometheus. - -### understanding Netdata metrics - -#### charts - -Each chart in Netdata has several properties (common to all its metrics): - -- `chart_id` - uniquely identifies a chart. - -- `chart_name` - a more human friendly name for `chart_id`, also unique. - -- `context` - this is the template of the chart. All disk I/O charts have the same context, all mysql requests charts - have the same context, etc. This is used for alarm templates to match all the charts they should be attached to. - -- `family` groups a set of charts together. It is used as the submenu of the dashboard. - -- `units` is the units for all the metrics attached to the chart. - -#### dimensions - -Then each Netdata chart contains metrics called `dimensions`. All the dimensions of a chart have the same units of -measurement, and are contextually in the same category (ie. the metrics for disk bandwidth are `read` and `write` and -they are both in the same chart). - -### Netdata data source - -Netdata can send metrics to prometheus from 3 data sources: - -- `as collected` or `raw` - this data source sends the metrics to prometheus as they are collected. No conversion is - done by Netdata. The latest value for each metric is just given to prometheus. This is the most preferred method by - prometheus, but it is also the harder to work with. To work with this data source, you will need to understand how - to get meaningful values out of them. - - The format of the metrics is: `CONTEXT{chart="CHART",family="FAMILY",dimension="DIMENSION"}`. - - If the metric is a counter (`incremental` in Netdata lingo), `_total` is appended the context. - - Unlike prometheus, Netdata allows each dimension of a chart to have a different algorithm and conversion constants - (`multiplier` and `divisor`). In this case, that the dimensions of a charts are heterogeneous, Netdata will use this - format: `CONTEXT_DIMENSION{chart="CHART",family="FAMILY"}` - -- `average` - this data source uses the Netdata database to send the metrics to prometheus as they are presented on - the Netdata dashboard. So, all the metrics are sent as gauges, at the units they are presented in the Netdata - dashboard charts. This is the easiest to work with. - - The format of the metrics is: `CONTEXT_UNITS_average{chart="CHART",family="FAMILY",dimension="DIMENSION"}`. - - When this source is used, Netdata keeps track of the last access time for each prometheus server fetching the - metrics. This last access time is used at the subsequent queries of the same prometheus server to identify the - time-frame the `average` will be calculated. - - So, no matter how frequently prometheus scrapes Netdata, it will get all the database data. - To identify each prometheus server, Netdata uses by default the IP of the client fetching the metrics. - - If there are multiple prometheus servers fetching data from the same Netdata, using the same IP, each prometheus - server can append `server=NAME` to the URL. Netdata will use this `NAME` to uniquely identify the prometheus server. - -- `sum` or `volume`, is like `average` but instead of averaging the values, it sums them. - - The format of the metrics is: `CONTEXT_UNITS_sum{chart="CHART",family="FAMILY",dimension="DIMENSION"}`. All the - other operations are the same with `average`. - - To change the data source to `sum` or `as-collected` you need to provide the `source` parameter in the request URL. - e.g.: `http://your.netdata.ip:19999/api/v1/allmetrics?format=prometheus&help=yes&source=as-collected` - - Keep in mind that early versions of Netdata were sending the metrics as: `CHART_DIMENSION{}`. - -### Querying Metrics - -Fetch with your web browser this URL: - -`http://your.netdata.ip:19999/api/v1/allmetrics?format=prometheus&help=yes` - -_(replace `your.netdata.ip` with the ip or hostname of your Netdata server)_ - -Netdata will respond with all the metrics it sends to prometheus. - -If you search that page for `"system.cpu"` you will find all the metrics Netdata is exporting to prometheus for this -chart. `system.cpu` is the chart name on the Netdata dashboard (on the Netdata dashboard all charts have a text heading -such as : `Total CPU utilization (system.cpu)`. What we are interested here in the chart name: `system.cpu`). - -Searching for `"system.cpu"` reveals: - -```sh -# COMMENT homogeneous chart "system.cpu", context "system.cpu", family "cpu", units "percentage" -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average: dimension "guest_nice", value is percentage, gauge, dt 1500066653 to 1500066662 inclusive -netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="guest_nice"} 0.0000000 1500066662000 -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average: dimension "guest", value is percentage, gauge, dt 1500066653 to 1500066662 inclusive -netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="guest"} 1.7837326 1500066662000 -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average: dimension "steal", value is percentage, gauge, dt 1500066653 to 1500066662 inclusive -netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="steal"} 0.0000000 1500066662000 -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average: dimension "softirq", value is percentage, gauge, dt 1500066653 to 1500066662 inclusive -netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="softirq"} 0.5275442 1500066662000 -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average: dimension "irq", value is percentage, gauge, dt 1500066653 to 1500066662 inclusive -netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="irq"} 0.2260836 1500066662000 -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average: dimension "user", value is percentage, gauge, dt 1500066653 to 1500066662 inclusive -netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="user"} 2.3362762 1500066662000 -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average: dimension "system", value is percentage, gauge, dt 1500066653 to 1500066662 inclusive -netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="system"} 1.7961062 1500066662000 -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average: dimension "nice", value is percentage, gauge, dt 1500066653 to 1500066662 inclusive -netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="nice"} 0.0000000 1500066662000 -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average: dimension "iowait", value is percentage, gauge, dt 1500066653 to 1500066662 inclusive -netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="iowait"} 0.9671802 1500066662000 -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average: dimension "idle", value is percentage, gauge, dt 1500066653 to 1500066662 inclusive -netdata_system_cpu_percentage_average{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="idle"} 92.3630770 1500066662000 -``` - -_(Netdata response for `system.cpu` with source=`average`)_ - -In `average` or `sum` data sources, all values are normalized and are reported to prometheus as gauges. Now, use the -'expression' text form in prometheus. Begin to type the metrics we are looking for: `netdata_system_cpu`. You should see -that the text form begins to auto-fill as prometheus knows about this metric. - -If the data source was `as collected`, the response would be: - -```sh -# COMMENT homogeneous chart "system.cpu", context "system.cpu", family "cpu", units "percentage" -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_total: chart "system.cpu", context "system.cpu", family "cpu", dimension "guest_nice", value * 1 / 1 delta gives percentage (counter) -netdata_system_cpu_total{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="guest_nice"} 0 1500066716438 -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_total: chart "system.cpu", context "system.cpu", family "cpu", dimension "guest", value * 1 / 1 delta gives percentage (counter) -netdata_system_cpu_total{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="guest"} 63945 1500066716438 -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_total: chart "system.cpu", context "system.cpu", family "cpu", dimension "steal", value * 1 / 1 delta gives percentage (counter) -netdata_system_cpu_total{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="steal"} 0 1500066716438 -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_total: chart "system.cpu", context "system.cpu", family "cpu", dimension "softirq", value * 1 / 1 delta gives percentage (counter) -netdata_system_cpu_total{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="softirq"} 8295 1500066716438 -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_total: chart "system.cpu", context "system.cpu", family "cpu", dimension "irq", value * 1 / 1 delta gives percentage (counter) -netdata_system_cpu_total{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="irq"} 4079 1500066716438 -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_total: chart "system.cpu", context "system.cpu", family "cpu", dimension "user", value * 1 / 1 delta gives percentage (counter) -netdata_system_cpu_total{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="user"} 116488 1500066716438 -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_total: chart "system.cpu", context "system.cpu", family "cpu", dimension "system", value * 1 / 1 delta gives percentage (counter) -netdata_system_cpu_total{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="system"} 35084 1500066716438 -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_total: chart "system.cpu", context "system.cpu", family "cpu", dimension "nice", value * 1 / 1 delta gives percentage (counter) -netdata_system_cpu_total{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="nice"} 505 1500066716438 -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_total: chart "system.cpu", context "system.cpu", family "cpu", dimension "iowait", value * 1 / 1 delta gives percentage (counter) -netdata_system_cpu_total{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="iowait"} 23314 1500066716438 -# COMMENT netdata_system_cpu_total: chart "system.cpu", context "system.cpu", family "cpu", dimension "idle", value * 1 / 1 delta gives percentage (counter) -netdata_system_cpu_total{chart="system.cpu",family="cpu",dimension="idle"} 918470 1500066716438 -``` - -_(Netdata response for `system.cpu` with source=`as-collected`)_ - -For more information check prometheus documentation. - -### Streaming data from upstream hosts - -The `format=prometheus` parameter only exports the host's Netdata metrics. If you are using the parent-child -functionality of Netdata this ignores any upstream hosts - so you should consider using the below in your -**prometheus.yml**: - -```yaml - metrics_path: '/api/v1/allmetrics' - params: - format: [prometheus_all_hosts] - honor_labels: true -``` - -This will report all upstream host data, and `honor_labels` will make Prometheus take note of the instance names -provided. - -### Timestamps - -To pass the metrics through prometheus pushgateway, Netdata supports the option `×tamps=no` to send the metrics -without timestamps. - -## Netdata host variables - -Netdata collects various system configuration metrics, like the max number of TCP sockets supported, the max number of -files allowed system-wide, various IPC sizes, etc. These metrics are not exposed to prometheus by default. - -To expose them, append `variables=yes` to the Netdata URL. - -### TYPE and HELP - -To save bandwidth, and because prometheus does not use them anyway, `# TYPE` and `# HELP` lines are suppressed. If -wanted they can be re-enabled via `types=yes` and `help=yes`, e.g. -`/api/v1/allmetrics?format=prometheus&types=yes&help=yes` - -Note that if enabled, the `# TYPE` and `# HELP` lines are repeated for every occurrence of a metric, which goes against the Prometheus documentation's [specification for these lines](https://github.com/prometheus/docs/blob/master/content/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats.md#comments-help-text-and-type-information). - -### Names and IDs - -Netdata supports names and IDs for charts and dimensions. Usually IDs are unique identifiers as read by the system and -names are human friendly labels (also unique). - -Most charts and metrics have the same ID and name, but in several cases they are different: disks with device-mapper, -interrupts, QoS classes, statsd synthetic charts, etc. - -The default is controlled in `netdata.conf`: - -```conf -[backend] - send names instead of ids = yes | no -``` - -You can overwrite it from prometheus, by appending to the URL: - -- `&names=no` to get IDs (the old behaviour) -- `&names=yes` to get names - -### Filtering metrics sent to prometheus - -Netdata can filter the metrics it sends to prometheus with this setting: - -```conf -[backend] - send charts matching = * -``` - -This settings accepts a space separated list of patterns to match the **charts** to be sent to prometheus. Each pattern -can use `*` as wildcard, any number of times (e.g `*a*b*c*` is valid). Patterns starting with `!` give a negative match -(e.g `!*.bad users.* groups.*` will send all the users and groups except `bad` user and `bad` group). The order is -important: the first match (positive or negative) left to right, is used. - -### Changing the prefix of Netdata metrics - -Netdata sends all metrics prefixed with `netdata_`. You can change this in `netdata.conf`, like this: - -```conf -[backend] - prefix = netdata -``` - -It can also be changed from the URL, by appending `&prefix=netdata`. - -### Metric Units - -The default source `average` adds the unit of measurement to the name of each metric (e.g. `_KiB_persec`). To hide the -units and get the same metric names as with the other sources, append to the URL `&hideunits=yes`. - -The units were standardized in v1.12, with the effect of changing the metric names. To get the metric names as they were -before v1.12, append to the URL `&oldunits=yes` - -### Accuracy of `average` and `sum` data sources - -When the data source is set to `average` or `sum`, Netdata remembers the last access of each client accessing prometheus -metrics and uses this last access time to respond with the `average` or `sum` of all the entries in the database since -that. This means that prometheus servers are not losing data when they access Netdata with data source = `average` or -`sum`. - -To uniquely identify each prometheus server, Netdata uses the IP of the client accessing the metrics. If however the IP -is not good enough for identifying a single prometheus server (e.g. when prometheus servers are accessing Netdata -through a web proxy, or when multiple prometheus servers are NATed to a single IP), each prometheus may append -`&server=NAME` to the URL. This `NAME` is used by Netdata to uniquely identify each prometheus server and keep track of -its last access time. - -[](<>) |