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| author | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-07-24 09:54:23 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-07-24 09:54:44 +0000 |
| commit | 836b47cb7e99a977c5a23b059ca1d0b5065d310e (patch) | |
| tree | 1604da8f482d02effa033c94a84be42bc0c848c3 /libnetdata/log/systemd-cat-native.md | |
| parent | Releasing debian version 1.44.3-2. (diff) | |
| download | netdata-836b47cb7e99a977c5a23b059ca1d0b5065d310e.tar.xz netdata-836b47cb7e99a977c5a23b059ca1d0b5065d310e.zip | |
Merging upstream version 1.46.3.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'libnetdata/log/systemd-cat-native.md')
| -rw-r--r-- | libnetdata/log/systemd-cat-native.md | 209 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 209 deletions
diff --git a/libnetdata/log/systemd-cat-native.md b/libnetdata/log/systemd-cat-native.md deleted file mode 100644 index b0b15f403..000000000 --- a/libnetdata/log/systemd-cat-native.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,209 +0,0 @@ -# systemd-cat-native - -`systemd` includes a utility called `systemd-cat`. This utility reads log lines from its standard input and sends them -to the local systemd journal. Its key limitation is that despite the fact that systemd journals support structured logs, -this command does not support sending structured logs to it. - -`systemd-cat-native` is a Netdata supplied utility to push structured logs to systemd journals. Key features: - -- reads [Journal Export Format](https://systemd.io/JOURNAL_EXPORT_FORMATS/) formatted log entries -- converts text fields into binary journal multiline log fields -- sends logs to any of these: - - local default `systemd-journald`, - - local namespace `systemd-journald`, - - remote `systemd-journal-remote` using HTTP or HTTPS, the same way `systemd-journal-upload` does. -- is the standard external logger of Netdata shell scripts - -## Simple use: - -```bash -printf "MESSAGE=hello world\nPRIORITY=6\n\n" | systemd-cat-native -``` - -The result: - - - - -Sending `PRIORITY=3` (error): - -```bash -printf "MESSAGE=hey, this is error\nPRIORITY=3\n\n" | systemd-cat-native -``` - -The result: - - -Sending multi-line log entries (in this example we replace the text `--NEWLINE--` with a newline in the log entry): - -```bash -printf "MESSAGE=hello--NEWLINE--world\nPRIORITY=6\n\n" | systemd-cat-native --newline='--NEWLINE--' -``` - -The result: - - - - -Processing the standard `\n` string can be tricky due to shell escaping. This works, but note that -we have to add a lot of backslashes to printf. - -```bash -printf "MESSAGE=hello\\\\nworld\nPRIORITY=6\n\n" | systemd-cat-native --newline='\n' -``` - -`systemd-cat-native` needs to receive it like this for newline processing to work: - -```bash -# printf "MESSAGE=hello\\\\nworld\nPRIORITY=6\n\n" -MESSAGE=hello\nworld -PRIORITY=6 - -``` - -## Best practices - -These are the rules about fields, enforced by `systemd-journald`: - -- field names can be up to **64 characters**, -- field values can be up to **48k characters**, -- the only allowed field characters are **A-Z**, **0-9** and **underscore**, -- the **first** character of fields cannot be a **digit** -- **protected** journal fields start with underscore: - * they are accepted by `systemd-journal-remote`, - * they are **NOT** accepted by a local `systemd-journald`. - -For best results, always include these fields: - -- `MESSAGE=TEXT`<br/> - The `MESSAGE` is the body of the log entry. - This field is what we usually see in our logs. - -- `PRIORITY=NUMBER`<br/> - `PRIORITY` sets the severity of the log entry.<br/> - `0=emerg, 1=alert, 2=crit, 3=err, 4=warn, 5=notice, 6=info, 7=debug` - - Emergency events (0) are usually broadcast to all terminals. - - Emergency, alert, critical, and error (0-3) are usually colored red. - - Warning (4) entries are usually colored yellow. - - Notice (5) entries are usually bold or have a brighter white color. - - Info (6) entries are the default. - - Debug (7) entries are usually grayed or dimmed. - -- `SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=NAME`<br/> - `SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER` sets the name of application. - Use something descriptive, like: `SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=myapp` - -You can find the most common fields at `man systemd.journal-fields`. - - -## Usage - -``` -Netdata systemd-cat-native v1.43.0-333-g5af71b875 - -This program reads from its standard input, lines in the format: - -KEY1=VALUE1\n -KEY2=VALUE2\n -KEYN=VALUEN\n -\n - -and sends them to systemd-journal. - - - Binary journal fields are not accepted at its input - - Binary journal fields can be generated after newline processing - - Messages have to be separated by an empty line - - Keys starting with underscore are not accepted (by journald) - - Other rules imposed by systemd-journald are imposed (by journald) - -Usage: - - systemd-cat-native - [--newline=STRING] - [--log-as-netdata|-N] - [--namespace=NAMESPACE] [--socket=PATH] - [--url=URL [--key=FILENAME] [--cert=FILENAME] [--trust=FILENAME|all]] - -The program has the following modes of logging: - - * Log to a local systemd-journald or stderr - - This is the default mode. If systemd-journald is available, logs will be - sent to systemd, otherwise logs will be printed on stderr, using logfmt - formatting. Options --socket and --namespace are available to configure - the journal destination: - - --socket=PATH - The path of a systemd-journald UNIX socket. - The program will use the default systemd-journald socket when this - option is not used. - - --namespace=NAMESPACE - The name of a configured and running systemd-journald namespace. - The program will produce the socket path based on its internal - defaults, to send the messages to the systemd journal namespace. - - * Log as Netdata, enabled with --log-as-netdata or -N - - In this mode the program uses environment variables set by Netdata for - the log destination. Only log fields defined by Netdata are accepted. - If the environment variables expected by Netdata are not found, it - falls back to stderr logging in logfmt format. - - * Log to a systemd-journal-remote TCP socket, enabled with --url=URL - - In this mode, the program will directly sent logs to a remote systemd - journal (systemd-journal-remote expected at the destination) - This mode is available even when the local system does not support - systemd, or even it is not Linux, allowing a remote Linux systemd - journald to become the logs database of the local system. - - Unfortunately systemd-journal-remote does not accept compressed - data over the network, so the stream will be uncompressed. - - --url=URL - The destination systemd-journal-remote address and port, similarly - to what /etc/systemd/journal-upload.conf accepts. - Usually it is in the form: https://ip.address:19532 - Both http and https URLs are accepted. When using https, the - following additional options are accepted: - - --key=FILENAME - The filename of the private key of the server. - The default is: /etc/ssl/private/journal-upload.pem - - --cert=FILENAME - The filename of the public key of the server. - The default is: /etc/ssl/certs/journal-upload.pem - - --trust=FILENAME | all - The filename of the trusted CA public key. - The default is: /etc/ssl/ca/trusted.pem - The keyword 'all' can be used to trust all CAs. - - --namespace=NAMESPACE - Set the namespace of the messages sent. - - --keep-trying - Keep trying to send the message, if the remote journal is not there. - - NEWLINES PROCESSING - systemd-journal logs entries may have newlines in them. However the - Journal Export Format uses binary formatted data to achieve this, - making it hard for text processing. - - To overcome this limitation, this program allows single-line text - formatted values at its input, to be binary formatted multi-line Journal - Export Format at its output. - - To achieve that it allows replacing a given string to a newline. - The parameter --newline=STRING allows setting the string to be replaced - with newlines. - - For example by setting --newline='--NEWLINE--', the program will replace - all occurrences of --NEWLINE-- with the newline character, within each - VALUE of the KEY=VALUE lines. Once this this done, the program will - switch the field to the binary Journal Export Format before sending the - log event to systemd-journal. - -```
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