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compute-tools: Host Setup (with ifupdown)
=========================================
1. Debian Packages
-------------------
apt install bridge-utils ifenslave vlan
2. Boot Parameters
------------------
2.1 CGroup Memory Controller (optional)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In order to enable the memory controller the following boot parameter needs to be used:
cgroup_enable=memory
2.2 CGroup Swap Controller (optional)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In order to enable the swap controller the following boot parameter needs to be used:
swapaccount=1
2.3 vsyscall (legacy)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In order to be able to execute binaries linked to older libc versions
(<= wheezy) on newer linux versions (>= buster), add the following boot
parameter (see #881813 for more information):
vsyscall=emulate
3. Networking
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3.1 Configure Network Bridge
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3.1.1 Bridge: 1 Interface, standalone, DHCP
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
cat > /etc/network/interfaces << EOF
# /etc/network/interfaces
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
iface eno1 inet manual
auto bridge0
iface bridge0 inet dhcp
bridge_ports eno1
bridge_fd 0
bridge_maxwait 0
bridge_stp 0
EOF
3.1.2 Bridge: 1 Interface, standalone, static
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
cat > /etc/network/interfaces << EOF
# /etc/network/interfaces
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
iface eno1 inet manual
auto bridge0
iface bridge0 inet static
address 10.0.0.2
gateway 10.0.0.1
netmask 24
pre-up ip link set eno1 down
pre-up ip link set eno1 up
bridge_ports eno1
bridge_fd 0
bridge_maxwait 0
bridge_stp 0
EOF
3.1.3 Bridge: 2 logical Interfaces, subnet, static
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
cat > /etc/network/interfaces << EOF
# /etc/network/interfaces
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
allow-hotplug eno1
iface eno1 inet dhcp
auto bridge0
iface bridge0 inet static
address 10.0.0.1
netmask 24
pre-up ip link add name bridge0 type bridge
post-down ip link delete bridge0 type bridge
bridge_fd 0
bridge_maxwait 0
bridge_stp 0
EOF
3.1.4 Bridge: 3 physical Interfaces, vlan, bonding, static
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
cat > /etc/network/interfaces << EOF
# /etc/network/interfaces
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
allow-hotplug eno1
iface eno1 inet dhcp
iface eno2 inet manual
iface eno3 inet manual
auto bond0
iface bond0 inet manual
up ip link set bond0 up
down ip link set bond0 down
slaves eno2 eno3
bond-mode 4
bond-miimon 100
bond-downdelay 200
bond-updelay 200
bond-lacp-rate 1
bond-xmit-hash-policy layer2+3
iface bond0.100 inet manual
vlan-raw-device bond0
auto bridge-100
iface bridge-100 inet static
address 10.100.0.2
netmask 24
bridge_ports bond0.100
bridge_fd 0
bridge_maxwait 0
bridge_stp 0
EOF
4. Enabling user namespace for unprivileged containers
------------------------------------------------------
Linux supports unprivileged containers with the user namespace.
By default the user namespace is disabled on Debian systems (see #898446).
To enable user namespace, edit the following file for a permant change:
/etc/sysctl.d/zz-compute-tools.conf
sysctl -p
or enable it manually with:
echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_userns_clone
Note that containers need to be started with the correct
configuration in /etc/compute-tools/container/config to run unpriviled
(private-users option).
5. Enabling container-shell
---------------------------
Managing privileged containers requires root privileges. In order to allow
unprivileged users to manage privileged containers without granting them
privileges or accounts, the container-shell can be used together with sudo
and a container user.
sudo adduser --gecos "compute-tools,,," \
--home /var/lib/open-infrastructure/container-shell \
--shell /usr/bin/container-shell
6. IPv4 and IPv6 dual-stack
---------------------------
Examples for /etc/network/interfaces above work for IPv6 too when using correct
IPv6 addresses and netmasks.
In order to use dual-stack, bridges must have a IPv4 address assigned
(can be a dummy one from a privacy range or 127.0.0.0/8).
Let me repeat: dual-stack only works when you assign a primary IPv6 address
(private or public, doesn't matter) *and* add an additional IPv4 address.
Yes, the IPv4 address can be a private address, the containers can still
have a public IPv4 address.
A complete example looks like this:
auto bridge0
iface bridge0 inet6 static
address 2a07:6b47:4::4:1
netmask 48
up ip addr add 127.4.4.1 dev $IFACE
down ip addr del 127.4.4.1 dev $IFACE
bridge_fd 0
bridge_maxwait 0
bridge_stp 0
bridge-mcquerier 1
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