1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
|
compute-tools: Host Setup (with systemd-networkd)
=================================================
1. Debian Packages
-------------------
apt install systemd-networkd bridge-utils
Make sure to enable networkd (sudo systemctl enable systemd-networkd)
and convert /etc/network/interfaces (see systemd-networkd documentation).
2. Boot Parameters
------------------
2.1 CGroup Memory Controller (optional)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In order to enable the memory controller the following boot parameter needs to be used:
cgroup_enable=memory
2.2 CGroup Swap Controller (optional)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In order to enable the swap controller the following boot parameter needs to be used:
swapaccount=1
2.3 vsyscall (legacy)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In order to be able to execute binaries linked to older libc versions
(<= wheezy) on newer linux versions (>= buster), add the following boot
parameter (see #881813 for more information):
vsyscall=emulate
3. Networking
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3.1 Configure Network Bridge
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3.1.1 Bridge: 1 Interface, standalone, DHCP
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
cat > /etc/systemd/network/bridge0.netdev << EOF
[NetDev]
Name=bridge0
Kind=bridge
EOF
cat > /etc/systemd/network/bridge0.network << EOF
[Match]
Name=bridge-0
[Network]
DHCP=yes
EOF
3.1.2 Bridge: 1 Interface, standalone, static
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
cat > /etc/systemd/network/bridge0.netdev << EOF
[NetDev]
Name=bridge0
Kind=bridge
EOF
cat > /etc/systemd/network/bridge0.network << EOF
[Match]
Name=bridge-0
[Network]
Address=10.0.0.2/24
Gateway=10.0.0.1
EOF
3.1.3 Bridge: 3 physical Interfaces, vlan, bonding, static
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
cat > /etc/systemd/network/eno2.network<< EOF
[Match]
Name=eno2
[Network]
Bond=bond0
EOF
cat > /etc/systemd/network/eno3.network<< EOF
[Match]
Name=eno3
[Network]
Bond=bond0
EOF
cat > /etc/systemd/network/bond0.netdev << EOF
[NetDev]
Name=bond0
Kind=bond
[Bond]
Mode=802.3ad
TransmitHashPolicy=layer3+4
MIIMonitorSec=0.1
UpDelaySec=0.2
DownDelaySec=0.2
EOF
cat > /etc/systemd/network/bond0.network << EOF
[Match]
Name=bond0
[Network]
VLAN=100
EOF
cat > /etc/systemd/network/vlan-100.netdev << EOF
[NetDev]
Name=vlan-100
Kind=vlan
[VLAN]
Id=100
EOF
cat > /etc/systemd/network/vlan-100.netdev << EOF
[Match]
Name=vlan-100
[Network]
Bridge=bridge-100
EOF
cat > /etc/systemd/network/bridge-100.netdev << EOF
[NetDev]
Name=bridge-100
Kind=bridge
EOF
cat > /etc/systemd/network/bridge-100.network << EOF
[Match]
Name=bridge-100
[Network]
Address=10.100.0.2/24
Gateway=10.100.0.1
EOF
4. Enabling user namespace for unprivileged containers
------------------------------------------------------
Linux supports unprivileged containers with the user namespace.
By default the user namespace is disabled on Debian systems (see #898446).
To enable user namespace, edit the following file for a permant change:
/etc/sysctl.d/zz-compute-tools.conf
sysctl -p
or enable it manually with:
echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_userns_clone
Note that containers need to be started with the correct
configuration in /etc/compute-tools/container/config to run unpriviled
(private-users option).
5. Enabling container-shell
---------------------------
Managing privileged containers requires root privileges. In order to allow
unprivileged users to manage privileged containers without granting them
privileges or accounts, the container-shell can be used together with sudo
and a container user.
sudo adduser --gecos "compute-tools,,," \
--home /var/lib/open-infrastructure/container-shell \
--shell /usr/bin/container-shell
6. IPv4 and IPv6 dual-stack
---------------------------
Examples for /etc/network/interfaces above work for IPv6 too when using correct
IPv6 addresses and netmasks.
In order to use dual-stack, bridges must have a IPv4 address assigned
(can be a dummy one from a privacy range or 127.0.0.0/8).
Let me repeat: dual-stack only works when you assign a primary IPv6 address
(private or public, doesn't matter) *and* add an additional IPv4 address.
Yes, the IPv4 address can be a private address, the containers can still
have a public IPv4 address.
A complete example looks like this:
auto bridge0
iface bridge0 inet6 static
address 2a07:6b47:4::4:1
netmask 48
up ip addr add 127.4.4.1 dev $IFACE
down ip addr del 127.4.4.1 dev $IFACE
bridge_fd 0
bridge_maxwait 0
bridge_stp 0
bridge-mcquerier 1
|
