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author | Daniel Baumann <mail@daniel-baumann.ch> | 2015-11-07 15:36:59 +0000 |
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committer | Daniel Baumann <mail@daniel-baumann.ch> | 2015-11-07 15:36:59 +0000 |
commit | 3d3968e451576fa317143140cb93242dba81f418 (patch) | |
tree | edb3c6b69183c590ba38029242bd01614e426818 /doc/plzip.texinfo | |
parent | Adding debian version 1.1-1. (diff) | |
download | plzip-3d3968e451576fa317143140cb93242dba81f418.tar.xz plzip-3d3968e451576fa317143140cb93242dba81f418.zip |
Merging upstream version 1.2~pre1.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <mail@daniel-baumann.ch>
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/plzip.texinfo')
-rw-r--r-- | doc/plzip.texinfo | 404 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 404 deletions
diff --git a/doc/plzip.texinfo b/doc/plzip.texinfo deleted file mode 100644 index 0370677..0000000 --- a/doc/plzip.texinfo +++ /dev/null @@ -1,404 +0,0 @@ -\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- -@c %**start of header -@setfilename plzip.info -@documentencoding ISO-8859-15 -@settitle Plzip Manual -@finalout -@c %**end of header - -@set UPDATED 17 September 2013 -@set VERSION 1.1 - -@dircategory Data Compression -@direntry -* Plzip: (plzip). Parallel compressor compatible with lzip -@end direntry - - -@ifnothtml -@titlepage -@title Plzip -@subtitle Parallel compressor compatible with lzip -@subtitle for Plzip version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED} -@author by Antonio Diaz Diaz - -@page -@vskip 0pt plus 1filll -@end titlepage - -@contents -@end ifnothtml - -@node Top -@top - -This manual is for Plzip (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}). - -@menu -* Introduction:: Purpose and features of plzip -* Program design:: Internal structure of plzip -* Invoking plzip:: Command line interface -* File format:: Detailed format of the compressed file -* Problems:: Reporting bugs -* Concept index:: Index of concepts -@end menu - -@sp 1 -Copyright @copyright{} 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Antonio Diaz Diaz. - -This manual is free documentation: you have unlimited permission -to copy, distribute and modify it. - - -@node Introduction -@chapter Introduction -@cindex introduction - -Plzip is a massively parallel (multi-threaded), lossless data compressor -based on the lzlib compression library, with a user interface similar to -the one of lzip, bzip2 or gzip. - -Plzip can compress/decompress large files on multiprocessor machines -much faster than lzip, at the cost of a slightly reduced compression -ratio. On files large enough (several GB), plzip can use hundreds of -processors. On files of only a few MB it is better to use lzip. - -Plzip uses the same well-defined exit status values used by lzip and -bzip2, which makes it safer when used in pipes or scripts than -compressors returning ambiguous warning values, like gzip. - -Plzip uses the lzip file format; the files produced by plzip are fully -compatible with lzip-1.4 or newer, and can be rescued with lziprecover. - -The lzip file format is designed for long-term data archiving and -provides very safe integrity checking. The member trailer stores the -32-bit CRC of the original data, the size of the original data and the -size of the member. These values, together with the value remaining in -the range decoder and the end-of-stream marker, provide a 4 factor -integrity checking which guarantees that the decompressed version of the -data is identical to the original. This guards against corruption of the -compressed data, and against undetected bugs in plzip (hopefully very -unlikely). The chances of data corruption going undetected are -microscopic. Be aware, though, that the check occurs upon decompression, -so it can only tell you that something is wrong. It can't help you -recover the original uncompressed data. - -If you ever need to recover data from a damaged lzip file, try the -lziprecover program. Lziprecover makes lzip files resistant to bit-flip -(one of the most common forms of data corruption), and provides data -recovery capabilities, including error-checked merging of damaged copies -of a file. - -Plzip replaces every file given in the command line with a compressed -version of itself, with the name "original_name.lz". Each compressed -file has the same modification date, permissions, and, when possible, -ownership as the corresponding original, so that these properties can be -correctly restored at decompression time. Plzip is able to read from some -types of non regular files if the @samp{--stdout} option is specified. - -If no file names are specified, plzip compresses (or decompresses) from -standard input to standard output. In this case, plzip will decline to -write compressed output to a terminal, as this would be entirely -incomprehensible and therefore pointless. - -Plzip will correctly decompress a file which is the concatenation of two -or more compressed files. The result is the concatenation of the -corresponding uncompressed files. Integrity testing of concatenated -compressed files is also supported. - -When decompressing, plzip attempts to guess the name for the decompressed -file from that of the compressed file as follows: - -@multitable {anyothername} {becomes} {anyothername.out} -@item filename.lz @tab becomes @tab filename -@item filename.tlz @tab becomes @tab filename.tar -@item anyothername @tab becomes @tab anyothername.out -@end multitable - -WARNING! Even if plzip is bug-free, other causes may result in a corrupt -compressed file (bugs in the system libraries, memory errors, etc). -Therefore, if the data you are going to compress is important, give the -@samp{--keep} option to plzip and do not remove the original file until -you verify the compressed file with a command like -@w{@samp{plzip -cd file.lz | cmp file -}}. - - -@node Program design -@chapter Program design -@cindex program design - -For each input file, a splitter thread and several worker threads are -created, acting the main thread as muxer (multiplexer) thread. A "packet -courier" takes care of data transfers among threads and limits the -maximum number of data blocks (packets) being processed simultaneously. - -The splitter reads data blocks from the input file, and distributes them -to the workers. The workers (de)compress the blocks received from the -splitter. The muxer collects processed packets from the workers, and -writes them to the output file. - -When decompressing from a regular file, the splitter is removed and the -workers read directly from the input file. If the output file is also a -regular file, the muxer is also removed, and the workers write directly -to the output file. With these optimizations, decompression speed of -large files with many members is only limited by the number of -processors available and by I/O speed. - - -@node Invoking plzip -@chapter Invoking plzip -@cindex invoking -@cindex options -@cindex usage -@cindex version - -The format for running plzip is: - -@example -plzip [@var{options}] [@var{files}] -@end example - -Plzip supports the following options: - -@table @samp -@item -h -@itemx --help -Print an informative help message describing the options and exit. - -@item -V -@itemx --version -Print the version number of plzip on the standard output and exit. - -@item -B @var{bytes} -@itemx --data-size=@var{bytes} -Set the input data block size in bytes. The input file will be divided -in chunks of this size before compression is performed. Valid values -range from 8 KiB to 1 GiB. Default value is two times the dictionary -size. Plzip will reduce the dictionary size if it is larger than the -chosen data size. - -@item -c -@itemx --stdout -Compress or decompress to standard output. Needed when reading from a -named pipe (fifo) or from a device. - -@item -d -@itemx --decompress -Decompress. - -@item -f -@itemx --force -Force overwrite of output files. - -@item -F -@itemx --recompress -Force recompression of files whose name already has the @samp{.lz} or -@samp{.tlz} suffix. - -@item -k -@itemx --keep -Keep (don't delete) input files during compression or decompression. - -@item -m @var{bytes} -@itemx --match-length=@var{bytes} -Set the match length limit in bytes. After a match this long is found, -the search is finished. Valid values range from 5 to 273. Larger values -usually give better compression ratios but longer compression times. - -@item -n @var{n} -@itemx --threads=@var{n} -Set the number of worker threads. Valid values range from 1 to "as many -as your system can support". If this option is not used, plzip tries to -detect the number of processors in the system and use it as default -value. @w{@samp{plzip --help}} shows the system's default value. - -@item -o @var{file} -@itemx --output=@var{file} -When reading from standard input and @samp{--stdout} has not been -specified, use @samp{@var{file}} as the virtual name of the uncompressed -file. This produces a file named @samp{@var{file}} when decompressing, -and a file named @samp{@var{file}.lz} when compressing. - -@item -q -@itemx --quiet -Quiet operation. Suppress all messages. - -@item -s @var{bytes} -@itemx --dictionary-size=@var{bytes} -Set the dictionary size limit in bytes. Valid values range from 4 KiB to -512 MiB. Plzip will use the smallest possible dictionary size for each -member without exceeding this limit. Note that dictionary sizes are -quantized. If the specified size does not match one of the valid sizes, -it will be rounded upwards by adding up to (@var{bytes} / 16) to it. - -For maximum compression you should use a dictionary size limit as large -as possible, but keep in mind that the decompression memory requirement -is affected at compression time by the choice of dictionary size limit. - -@item -t -@itemx --test -Check integrity of the specified file(s), but don't decompress them. -This really performs a trial decompression and throws away the result. -Use it together with @samp{-v} to see information about the file. - -@item -v -@itemx --verbose -Verbose mode.@* -When compressing, show the compression ratio for each file processed. A -second -v shows the progress of compression.@* -When decompressing or testing, further -v's (up to 4) increase the -verbosity level, showing status, compression ratio, decompressed size, -and compressed size. - -@item -1 .. -9 -Set the compression parameters (dictionary size and match length limit) -as shown in the table below. Note that @samp{-9} can be much slower than -@samp{-1}. These options have no effect when decompressing. - -The bidimensional parameter space of LZMA can't be mapped to a linear -scale optimal for all files. If your files are large, very repetitive, -etc, you may need to use the @samp{--match-length} and -@samp{--dictionary-size} options directly to achieve optimal -performance. For example, @samp{-9m64} usually compresses executables -more (and faster) than @samp{-9}. - -@multitable {Level} {Dictionary size} {Match length limit} -@item Level @tab Dictionary size @tab Match length limit -@item -1 @tab 1 MiB @tab 5 bytes -@item -2 @tab 1.5 MiB @tab 6 bytes -@item -3 @tab 2 MiB @tab 8 bytes -@item -4 @tab 3 MiB @tab 12 bytes -@item -5 @tab 4 MiB @tab 20 bytes -@item -6 @tab 8 MiB @tab 36 bytes -@item -7 @tab 16 MiB @tab 68 bytes -@item -8 @tab 24 MiB @tab 132 bytes -@item -9 @tab 32 MiB @tab 273 bytes -@end multitable - -@item --fast -@itemx --best -Aliases for GNU gzip compatibility. - -@end table - -Numbers given as arguments to options may be followed by a multiplier -and an optional @samp{B} for "byte". - -Table of SI and binary prefixes (unit multipliers): - -@multitable {Prefix} {kilobyte (10^3 = 1000)} {|} {Prefix} {kibibyte (2^10 = 1024)} -@item Prefix @tab Value @tab | @tab Prefix @tab Value -@item k @tab kilobyte (10^3 = 1000) @tab | @tab Ki @tab kibibyte (2^10 = 1024) -@item M @tab megabyte (10^6) @tab | @tab Mi @tab mebibyte (2^20) -@item G @tab gigabyte (10^9) @tab | @tab Gi @tab gibibyte (2^30) -@item T @tab terabyte (10^12) @tab | @tab Ti @tab tebibyte (2^40) -@item P @tab petabyte (10^15) @tab | @tab Pi @tab pebibyte (2^50) -@item E @tab exabyte (10^18) @tab | @tab Ei @tab exbibyte (2^60) -@item Z @tab zettabyte (10^21) @tab | @tab Zi @tab zebibyte (2^70) -@item Y @tab yottabyte (10^24) @tab | @tab Yi @tab yobibyte (2^80) -@end multitable - -@sp 1 -Exit status: 0 for a normal exit, 1 for environmental problems (file not -found, invalid flags, I/O errors, etc), 2 to indicate a corrupt or -invalid input file, 3 for an internal consistency error (eg, bug) which -caused plzip to panic. - - -@node File format -@chapter File format -@cindex file format - -Perfection is reached, not when there is no longer anything to add, but -when there is no longer anything to take away.@* ---- Antoine de Saint-Exupery - -@sp 1 -In the diagram below, a box like this: -@verbatim -+---+ -| | <-- the vertical bars might be missing -+---+ -@end verbatim - -represents one byte; a box like this: -@verbatim -+==============+ -| | -+==============+ -@end verbatim - -represents a variable number of bytes. - -@sp 1 -A lzip file consists of a series of "members" (compressed data sets). -The members simply appear one after another in the file, with no -additional information before, between, or after them. - -Each member has the following structure: -@verbatim -+--+--+--+--+----+----+=============+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -| ID string | VN | DS | Lzma stream | CRC32 | Data size | Member size | -+--+--+--+--+----+----+=============+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -@end verbatim - -All multibyte values are stored in little endian order. - -@table @samp -@item ID string -A four byte string, identifying the lzip format, with the value "LZIP" -(0x4C, 0x5A, 0x49, 0x50). - -@item VN (version number, 1 byte) -Just in case something needs to be modified in the future. 1 for now. - -@item DS (coded dictionary size, 1 byte) -Lzip divides the distance between any two powers of 2 into 8 equally -spaced intervals, named "wedges". The dictionary size is calculated by -taking a power of 2 (the base size) and substracting from it a number of -wedges between 0 and 7. The size of a wedge is (base_size / 16).@* -Bits 4-0 contain the base 2 logarithm of the base size (12 to 29).@* -Bits 7-5 contain the number of wedges (0 to 7) to substract from the -base size to obtain the dictionary size.@* -Example: 0xD3 = 2^19 - 6 * 2^15 = 512 KiB - 6 * 32 KiB = 320 KiB@* -Valid values for dictionary size range from 4 KiB to 512 MiB. - -@item Lzma stream -The lzma stream, finished by an end of stream marker. Uses default values -for encoder properties. See the lzip manual for a full description. - -@item CRC32 (4 bytes) -CRC of the uncompressed original data. - -@item Data size (8 bytes) -Size of the uncompressed original data. - -@item Member size (8 bytes) -Total size of the member, including header and trailer. This field acts -as a distributed index, allows the verification of stream integrity, and -facilitates safe recovery of undamaged members from multi-member files. - -@end table - - -@node Problems -@chapter Reporting bugs -@cindex bugs -@cindex getting help - -There are probably bugs in plzip. There are certainly errors and -omissions in this manual. If you report them, they will get fixed. If -you don't, no one will ever know about them and they will remain unfixed -for all eternity, if not longer. - -If you find a bug in plzip, please send electronic mail to -@email{lzip-bug@@nongnu.org}. Include the version number, which you can -find by running @w{@samp{plzip --version}}. - - -@node Concept index -@unnumbered Concept index - -@printindex cp - -@bye |