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authorDaniel Baumann <mail@daniel-baumann.ch>2015-11-07 15:36:59 +0000
committerDaniel Baumann <mail@daniel-baumann.ch>2015-11-07 15:36:59 +0000
commit3d3968e451576fa317143140cb93242dba81f418 (patch)
treeedb3c6b69183c590ba38029242bd01614e426818 /doc/plzip.texinfo
parentAdding debian version 1.1-1. (diff)
downloadplzip-3d3968e451576fa317143140cb93242dba81f418.tar.xz
plzip-3d3968e451576fa317143140cb93242dba81f418.zip
Merging upstream version 1.2~pre1.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <mail@daniel-baumann.ch>
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-\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
-@c %**start of header
-@setfilename plzip.info
-@documentencoding ISO-8859-15
-@settitle Plzip Manual
-@finalout
-@c %**end of header
-
-@set UPDATED 17 September 2013
-@set VERSION 1.1
-
-@dircategory Data Compression
-@direntry
-* Plzip: (plzip). Parallel compressor compatible with lzip
-@end direntry
-
-
-@ifnothtml
-@titlepage
-@title Plzip
-@subtitle Parallel compressor compatible with lzip
-@subtitle for Plzip version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}
-@author by Antonio Diaz Diaz
-
-@page
-@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-@end titlepage
-
-@contents
-@end ifnothtml
-
-@node Top
-@top
-
-This manual is for Plzip (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}).
-
-@menu
-* Introduction:: Purpose and features of plzip
-* Program design:: Internal structure of plzip
-* Invoking plzip:: Command line interface
-* File format:: Detailed format of the compressed file
-* Problems:: Reporting bugs
-* Concept index:: Index of concepts
-@end menu
-
-@sp 1
-Copyright @copyright{} 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
-
-This manual is free documentation: you have unlimited permission
-to copy, distribute and modify it.
-
-
-@node Introduction
-@chapter Introduction
-@cindex introduction
-
-Plzip is a massively parallel (multi-threaded), lossless data compressor
-based on the lzlib compression library, with a user interface similar to
-the one of lzip, bzip2 or gzip.
-
-Plzip can compress/decompress large files on multiprocessor machines
-much faster than lzip, at the cost of a slightly reduced compression
-ratio. On files large enough (several GB), plzip can use hundreds of
-processors. On files of only a few MB it is better to use lzip.
-
-Plzip uses the same well-defined exit status values used by lzip and
-bzip2, which makes it safer when used in pipes or scripts than
-compressors returning ambiguous warning values, like gzip.
-
-Plzip uses the lzip file format; the files produced by plzip are fully
-compatible with lzip-1.4 or newer, and can be rescued with lziprecover.
-
-The lzip file format is designed for long-term data archiving and
-provides very safe integrity checking. The member trailer stores the
-32-bit CRC of the original data, the size of the original data and the
-size of the member. These values, together with the value remaining in
-the range decoder and the end-of-stream marker, provide a 4 factor
-integrity checking which guarantees that the decompressed version of the
-data is identical to the original. This guards against corruption of the
-compressed data, and against undetected bugs in plzip (hopefully very
-unlikely). The chances of data corruption going undetected are
-microscopic. Be aware, though, that the check occurs upon decompression,
-so it can only tell you that something is wrong. It can't help you
-recover the original uncompressed data.
-
-If you ever need to recover data from a damaged lzip file, try the
-lziprecover program. Lziprecover makes lzip files resistant to bit-flip
-(one of the most common forms of data corruption), and provides data
-recovery capabilities, including error-checked merging of damaged copies
-of a file.
-
-Plzip replaces every file given in the command line with a compressed
-version of itself, with the name "original_name.lz". Each compressed
-file has the same modification date, permissions, and, when possible,
-ownership as the corresponding original, so that these properties can be
-correctly restored at decompression time. Plzip is able to read from some
-types of non regular files if the @samp{--stdout} option is specified.
-
-If no file names are specified, plzip compresses (or decompresses) from
-standard input to standard output. In this case, plzip will decline to
-write compressed output to a terminal, as this would be entirely
-incomprehensible and therefore pointless.
-
-Plzip will correctly decompress a file which is the concatenation of two
-or more compressed files. The result is the concatenation of the
-corresponding uncompressed files. Integrity testing of concatenated
-compressed files is also supported.
-
-When decompressing, plzip attempts to guess the name for the decompressed
-file from that of the compressed file as follows:
-
-@multitable {anyothername} {becomes} {anyothername.out}
-@item filename.lz @tab becomes @tab filename
-@item filename.tlz @tab becomes @tab filename.tar
-@item anyothername @tab becomes @tab anyothername.out
-@end multitable
-
-WARNING! Even if plzip is bug-free, other causes may result in a corrupt
-compressed file (bugs in the system libraries, memory errors, etc).
-Therefore, if the data you are going to compress is important, give the
-@samp{--keep} option to plzip and do not remove the original file until
-you verify the compressed file with a command like
-@w{@samp{plzip -cd file.lz | cmp file -}}.
-
-
-@node Program design
-@chapter Program design
-@cindex program design
-
-For each input file, a splitter thread and several worker threads are
-created, acting the main thread as muxer (multiplexer) thread. A "packet
-courier" takes care of data transfers among threads and limits the
-maximum number of data blocks (packets) being processed simultaneously.
-
-The splitter reads data blocks from the input file, and distributes them
-to the workers. The workers (de)compress the blocks received from the
-splitter. The muxer collects processed packets from the workers, and
-writes them to the output file.
-
-When decompressing from a regular file, the splitter is removed and the
-workers read directly from the input file. If the output file is also a
-regular file, the muxer is also removed, and the workers write directly
-to the output file. With these optimizations, decompression speed of
-large files with many members is only limited by the number of
-processors available and by I/O speed.
-
-
-@node Invoking plzip
-@chapter Invoking plzip
-@cindex invoking
-@cindex options
-@cindex usage
-@cindex version
-
-The format for running plzip is:
-
-@example
-plzip [@var{options}] [@var{files}]
-@end example
-
-Plzip supports the following options:
-
-@table @samp
-@item -h
-@itemx --help
-Print an informative help message describing the options and exit.
-
-@item -V
-@itemx --version
-Print the version number of plzip on the standard output and exit.
-
-@item -B @var{bytes}
-@itemx --data-size=@var{bytes}
-Set the input data block size in bytes. The input file will be divided
-in chunks of this size before compression is performed. Valid values
-range from 8 KiB to 1 GiB. Default value is two times the dictionary
-size. Plzip will reduce the dictionary size if it is larger than the
-chosen data size.
-
-@item -c
-@itemx --stdout
-Compress or decompress to standard output. Needed when reading from a
-named pipe (fifo) or from a device.
-
-@item -d
-@itemx --decompress
-Decompress.
-
-@item -f
-@itemx --force
-Force overwrite of output files.
-
-@item -F
-@itemx --recompress
-Force recompression of files whose name already has the @samp{.lz} or
-@samp{.tlz} suffix.
-
-@item -k
-@itemx --keep
-Keep (don't delete) input files during compression or decompression.
-
-@item -m @var{bytes}
-@itemx --match-length=@var{bytes}
-Set the match length limit in bytes. After a match this long is found,
-the search is finished. Valid values range from 5 to 273. Larger values
-usually give better compression ratios but longer compression times.
-
-@item -n @var{n}
-@itemx --threads=@var{n}
-Set the number of worker threads. Valid values range from 1 to "as many
-as your system can support". If this option is not used, plzip tries to
-detect the number of processors in the system and use it as default
-value. @w{@samp{plzip --help}} shows the system's default value.
-
-@item -o @var{file}
-@itemx --output=@var{file}
-When reading from standard input and @samp{--stdout} has not been
-specified, use @samp{@var{file}} as the virtual name of the uncompressed
-file. This produces a file named @samp{@var{file}} when decompressing,
-and a file named @samp{@var{file}.lz} when compressing.
-
-@item -q
-@itemx --quiet
-Quiet operation. Suppress all messages.
-
-@item -s @var{bytes}
-@itemx --dictionary-size=@var{bytes}
-Set the dictionary size limit in bytes. Valid values range from 4 KiB to
-512 MiB. Plzip will use the smallest possible dictionary size for each
-member without exceeding this limit. Note that dictionary sizes are
-quantized. If the specified size does not match one of the valid sizes,
-it will be rounded upwards by adding up to (@var{bytes} / 16) to it.
-
-For maximum compression you should use a dictionary size limit as large
-as possible, but keep in mind that the decompression memory requirement
-is affected at compression time by the choice of dictionary size limit.
-
-@item -t
-@itemx --test
-Check integrity of the specified file(s), but don't decompress them.
-This really performs a trial decompression and throws away the result.
-Use it together with @samp{-v} to see information about the file.
-
-@item -v
-@itemx --verbose
-Verbose mode.@*
-When compressing, show the compression ratio for each file processed. A
-second -v shows the progress of compression.@*
-When decompressing or testing, further -v's (up to 4) increase the
-verbosity level, showing status, compression ratio, decompressed size,
-and compressed size.
-
-@item -1 .. -9
-Set the compression parameters (dictionary size and match length limit)
-as shown in the table below. Note that @samp{-9} can be much slower than
-@samp{-1}. These options have no effect when decompressing.
-
-The bidimensional parameter space of LZMA can't be mapped to a linear
-scale optimal for all files. If your files are large, very repetitive,
-etc, you may need to use the @samp{--match-length} and
-@samp{--dictionary-size} options directly to achieve optimal
-performance. For example, @samp{-9m64} usually compresses executables
-more (and faster) than @samp{-9}.
-
-@multitable {Level} {Dictionary size} {Match length limit}
-@item Level @tab Dictionary size @tab Match length limit
-@item -1 @tab 1 MiB @tab 5 bytes
-@item -2 @tab 1.5 MiB @tab 6 bytes
-@item -3 @tab 2 MiB @tab 8 bytes
-@item -4 @tab 3 MiB @tab 12 bytes
-@item -5 @tab 4 MiB @tab 20 bytes
-@item -6 @tab 8 MiB @tab 36 bytes
-@item -7 @tab 16 MiB @tab 68 bytes
-@item -8 @tab 24 MiB @tab 132 bytes
-@item -9 @tab 32 MiB @tab 273 bytes
-@end multitable
-
-@item --fast
-@itemx --best
-Aliases for GNU gzip compatibility.
-
-@end table
-
-Numbers given as arguments to options may be followed by a multiplier
-and an optional @samp{B} for "byte".
-
-Table of SI and binary prefixes (unit multipliers):
-
-@multitable {Prefix} {kilobyte (10^3 = 1000)} {|} {Prefix} {kibibyte (2^10 = 1024)}
-@item Prefix @tab Value @tab | @tab Prefix @tab Value
-@item k @tab kilobyte (10^3 = 1000) @tab | @tab Ki @tab kibibyte (2^10 = 1024)
-@item M @tab megabyte (10^6) @tab | @tab Mi @tab mebibyte (2^20)
-@item G @tab gigabyte (10^9) @tab | @tab Gi @tab gibibyte (2^30)
-@item T @tab terabyte (10^12) @tab | @tab Ti @tab tebibyte (2^40)
-@item P @tab petabyte (10^15) @tab | @tab Pi @tab pebibyte (2^50)
-@item E @tab exabyte (10^18) @tab | @tab Ei @tab exbibyte (2^60)
-@item Z @tab zettabyte (10^21) @tab | @tab Zi @tab zebibyte (2^70)
-@item Y @tab yottabyte (10^24) @tab | @tab Yi @tab yobibyte (2^80)
-@end multitable
-
-@sp 1
-Exit status: 0 for a normal exit, 1 for environmental problems (file not
-found, invalid flags, I/O errors, etc), 2 to indicate a corrupt or
-invalid input file, 3 for an internal consistency error (eg, bug) which
-caused plzip to panic.
-
-
-@node File format
-@chapter File format
-@cindex file format
-
-Perfection is reached, not when there is no longer anything to add, but
-when there is no longer anything to take away.@*
---- Antoine de Saint-Exupery
-
-@sp 1
-In the diagram below, a box like this:
-@verbatim
-+---+
-| | <-- the vertical bars might be missing
-+---+
-@end verbatim
-
-represents one byte; a box like this:
-@verbatim
-+==============+
-| |
-+==============+
-@end verbatim
-
-represents a variable number of bytes.
-
-@sp 1
-A lzip file consists of a series of "members" (compressed data sets).
-The members simply appear one after another in the file, with no
-additional information before, between, or after them.
-
-Each member has the following structure:
-@verbatim
-+--+--+--+--+----+----+=============+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-| ID string | VN | DS | Lzma stream | CRC32 | Data size | Member size |
-+--+--+--+--+----+----+=============+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-@end verbatim
-
-All multibyte values are stored in little endian order.
-
-@table @samp
-@item ID string
-A four byte string, identifying the lzip format, with the value "LZIP"
-(0x4C, 0x5A, 0x49, 0x50).
-
-@item VN (version number, 1 byte)
-Just in case something needs to be modified in the future. 1 for now.
-
-@item DS (coded dictionary size, 1 byte)
-Lzip divides the distance between any two powers of 2 into 8 equally
-spaced intervals, named "wedges". The dictionary size is calculated by
-taking a power of 2 (the base size) and substracting from it a number of
-wedges between 0 and 7. The size of a wedge is (base_size / 16).@*
-Bits 4-0 contain the base 2 logarithm of the base size (12 to 29).@*
-Bits 7-5 contain the number of wedges (0 to 7) to substract from the
-base size to obtain the dictionary size.@*
-Example: 0xD3 = 2^19 - 6 * 2^15 = 512 KiB - 6 * 32 KiB = 320 KiB@*
-Valid values for dictionary size range from 4 KiB to 512 MiB.
-
-@item Lzma stream
-The lzma stream, finished by an end of stream marker. Uses default values
-for encoder properties. See the lzip manual for a full description.
-
-@item CRC32 (4 bytes)
-CRC of the uncompressed original data.
-
-@item Data size (8 bytes)
-Size of the uncompressed original data.
-
-@item Member size (8 bytes)
-Total size of the member, including header and trailer. This field acts
-as a distributed index, allows the verification of stream integrity, and
-facilitates safe recovery of undamaged members from multi-member files.
-
-@end table
-
-
-@node Problems
-@chapter Reporting bugs
-@cindex bugs
-@cindex getting help
-
-There are probably bugs in plzip. There are certainly errors and
-omissions in this manual. If you report them, they will get fixed. If
-you don't, no one will ever know about them and they will remain unfixed
-for all eternity, if not longer.
-
-If you find a bug in plzip, please send electronic mail to
-@email{lzip-bug@@nongnu.org}. Include the version number, which you can
-find by running @w{@samp{plzip --version}}.
-
-
-@node Concept index
-@unnumbered Concept index
-
-@printindex cp
-
-@bye