Merging upstream version 6.1.1.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

4 files changed, 270 insertions, 618 deletions

diff --git a/tests/fixtures/identity.sql b/tests/fixtures/identity.sql
index 40f11a2..1b4168c 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/identity.sql
+++ b/tests/fixtures/identity.sql
@@ -318,6 +318,9 @@ SELECT 1 FROM a JOIN b ON a.foo = b.bar JOIN c ON a.foo = c.bar
 SELECT 1 FROM a LEFT JOIN b ON a.foo = b.bar JOIN c ON a.foo = c.bar
 SELECT 1 FROM a LEFT INNER JOIN b ON a.foo = b.bar
 SELECT 1 FROM a LEFT OUTER JOIN b ON a.foo = b.bar
+SELECT 1 FROM a NATURAL JOIN b
+SELECT 1 FROM a NATURAL LEFT JOIN b
+SELECT 1 FROM a NATURAL LEFT OUTER JOIN b
 SELECT 1 FROM a OUTER JOIN b ON a.foo = b.bar
 SELECT 1 FROM a FULL JOIN b ON a.foo = b.bar
 SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2
@@ -329,6 +332,7 @@ SELECT 1 AS delete, 2 AS alter
 SELECT * FROM (x)
 SELECT * FROM ((x))
 SELECT * FROM ((SELECT 1))
+SELECT * FROM (x LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE(y) JOIN foo)
 SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1) AS x
 SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 2) AS x
 SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2) AS x
@@ -430,6 +434,7 @@ CREATE TEMPORARY VIEW x AS SELECT a FROM d
 CREATE TEMPORARY VIEW IF NOT EXISTS x AS SELECT a FROM d
 CREATE TEMPORARY VIEW x AS WITH y AS (SELECT 1) SELECT * FROM y
 CREATE TABLE z (a INT, b VARCHAR, c VARCHAR(100), d DECIMAL(5, 3))
+CREATE TABLE z (end INT)
 CREATE TABLE z (a ARRAY<TEXT>, b MAP<TEXT, DOUBLE>, c DECIMAL(5, 3))
 CREATE TABLE z (a INT, b VARCHAR COMMENT 'z', c VARCHAR(100) COMMENT 'z', d DECIMAL(5, 3))
 CREATE TABLE z (a INT(11) DEFAULT UUID())
@@ -466,6 +471,7 @@ CACHE LAZY TABLE x OPTIONS('storageLevel' = 'value') AS SELECT 1
 CACHE LAZY TABLE x OPTIONS('storageLevel' = 'value') AS WITH a AS (SELECT 1) SELECT a.* FROM a
 CACHE LAZY TABLE x AS WITH a AS (SELECT 1) SELECT a.* FROM a
 CACHE TABLE x AS WITH a AS (SELECT 1) SELECT a.* FROM a
+CACHE TABLE x AS (SELECT 1 AS y)
 CALL catalog.system.iceberg_procedure_name(named_arg_1 => 'arg_1', named_arg_2 => 'arg_2')
 INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE a.b PARTITION(ds) SELECT x FROM y
 INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE a.b PARTITION(ds='YYYY-MM-DD') SELECT x FROM y
@@ -512,3 +518,4 @@ SELECT ? AS ? FROM x WHERE b BETWEEN ? AND ? GROUP BY ?, 1 LIMIT ?
 WITH a AS ((SELECT b.foo AS foo, b.bar AS bar FROM b) UNION ALL (SELECT c.foo AS foo, c.bar AS bar FROM c)) SELECT * FROM a
 WITH a AS ((SELECT 1 AS b) UNION ALL (SELECT 1 AS b)) SELECT * FROM a
 SELECT (WITH x AS (SELECT 1 AS y) SELECT * FROM x) AS z
+SELECT ((SELECT 1) + 1)
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/optimizer/merge_derived_tables.sql b/tests/fixtures/optimizer/merge_derived_tables.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5aa7e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/optimizer/merge_derived_tables.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+-- Simple
+SELECT a, b FROM (SELECT a, b FROM x);
+SELECT x.a AS a, x.b AS b FROM x AS x;
+
+-- Inner table alias is merged
+SELECT a, b FROM (SELECT a, b FROM x AS q) AS r;
+SELECT q.a AS a, q.b AS b FROM x AS q;
+
+-- Double nesting
+SELECT a, b FROM (SELECT a, b FROM (SELECT a, b FROM x));
+SELECT x.a AS a, x.b AS b FROM x AS x;
+
+-- WHERE clause is merged
+SELECT a, SUM(b) FROM (SELECT a, b FROM x WHERE a > 1) GROUP BY a;
+SELECT x.a AS a, SUM(x.b) AS "_col_1" FROM x AS x WHERE x.a > 1 GROUP BY x.a;
+
+-- Outer query has join
+SELECT a, c FROM (SELECT a, b FROM x WHERE a > 1) AS x JOIN y ON x.b = y.b;
+SELECT x.a AS a, y.c AS c FROM x AS x JOIN y AS y ON x.b = y.b WHERE x.a > 1;
+
+-- Join on derived table
+SELECT a, c FROM x JOIN (SELECT b, c FROM y) AS y ON x.b = y.b;
+SELECT x.a AS a, y.c AS c FROM x AS x JOIN y AS y ON x.b = y.b;
+
+-- Inner query has a join
+SELECT a, c FROM (SELECT a, c FROM x JOIN y ON x.b = y.b);
+SELECT x.a AS a, y.c AS c FROM x AS x JOIN y AS y ON x.b = y.b;
+
+-- Inner query has conflicting name in outer query
+SELECT a, c FROM (SELECT q.a, q.b FROM x AS q) AS x JOIN y AS q ON x.b = q.b;
+SELECT q_2.a AS a, q.c AS c FROM x AS q_2 JOIN y AS q ON q_2.b = q.b;
+
+-- Inner query has conflicting name in joined source
+SELECT x.a, q.c FROM (SELECT a, x.b FROM x JOIN y AS q ON x.b = q.b) AS x JOIN y AS q ON x.b = q.b;
+SELECT x.a AS a, q.c AS c FROM x AS x JOIN y AS q_2 ON x.b = q_2.b JOIN y AS q ON x.b = q.b;
+
+-- Inner query has multiple conflicting names
+SELECT x.a, q.c, r.c FROM (SELECT q.a, r.b FROM x AS q JOIN y AS r ON q.b = r.b) AS x JOIN y AS q ON x.b = q.b JOIN y AS r ON x.b = r.b;
+SELECT q_2.a AS a, q.c AS c, r.c AS c FROM x AS q_2 JOIN y AS r_2 ON q_2.b = r_2.b JOIN y AS q ON r_2.b = q.b JOIN y AS r ON r_2.b = r.b;
+
+-- Inner queries have conflicting names with each other
+SELECT r.b FROM (SELECT b FROM x AS x) AS q JOIN (SELECT b FROM x) AS r ON q.b = r.b;
+SELECT x_2.b AS b FROM x AS x JOIN x AS x_2 ON x.b = x_2.b;
+
+-- WHERE clause in joined derived table is merged
+SELECT x.a, y.c FROM x JOIN (SELECT b, c FROM y WHERE c > 1) AS y;
+SELECT x.a AS a, y.c AS c FROM x AS x JOIN y AS y WHERE y.c > 1;
+
+-- WHERE clause in outer joined derived table is merged to ON clause
+SELECT x.a, y.c FROM x LEFT JOIN (SELECT b, c FROM y WHERE c > 1) AS y;
+SELECT x.a AS a, y.c AS c FROM x AS x LEFT JOIN y AS y ON y.c > 1;
+
+-- Comma JOIN in outer query
+SELECT x.a, y.c FROM (SELECT a FROM x) AS x, (SELECT c FROM y) AS y;
+SELECT x.a AS a, y.c AS c FROM x AS x, y AS y;
+
+-- Comma JOIN in inner query
+SELECT x.a, x.c FROM (SELECT x.a, z.c FROM x, y AS z) AS x;
+SELECT x.a AS a, z.c AS c FROM x AS x CROSS JOIN y AS z;
+
+-- (Regression) Column in ORDER BY
+SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM x)) ORDER BY a LIMIT 1;
+SELECT x.a AS a, x.b AS b FROM x AS x ORDER BY x.a LIMIT 1;
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/optimizer/optimizer.sql b/tests/fixtures/optimizer/optimizer.sql
index f7bbdda..f1d0f7d 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/optimizer/optimizer.sql
+++ b/tests/fixtures/optimizer/optimizer.sql
@@ -2,11 +2,7 @@ SELECT a, m FROM z LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE([1, 2]) q AS m;
 SELECT
   "z"."a" AS "a",
   "q"."m" AS "m"
-FROM (
-  SELECT
-    "z"."a" AS "a"
-  FROM "z" AS "z"
-) AS "z"
+FROM "z" AS "z"
 LATERAL VIEW
 EXPLODE(ARRAY(1, 2)) q AS "m";
 
@@ -91,41 +87,26 @@ FROM (
 WHERE (TRUE AND TRUE OR 'a' = 'b') AND a > 1
 GROUP BY a;
 SELECT
-  "d"."a" AS "a",
-  SUM("d"."b") AS "_col_1"
-FROM (
+  "x"."a" AS "a",
+  SUM("y"."b") AS "_col_1"
+FROM "x" AS "x"
+LEFT JOIN (
   SELECT
-    "x"."a" AS "a",
-    "y"."b" AS "b"
-  FROM (
-    SELECT
-      "x"."a" AS "a"
-    FROM "x" AS "x"
-    WHERE
-      "x"."a" > 1
-  ) AS "x"
-  LEFT JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      MAX("y"."b") AS "_col_0",
-      "y"."a" AS "_u_1"
-    FROM "y" AS "y"
-    GROUP BY
-      "y"."a"
-  ) AS "_u_0"
-    ON "x"."a" = "_u_0"."_u_1"
-  JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      "y"."a" AS "a",
-      "y"."b" AS "b"
-    FROM "y" AS "y"
-  ) AS "y"
-    ON "x"."a" = "y"."a"
-  WHERE
-    "_u_0"."_col_0" >= 0
-    AND NOT "_u_0"."_u_1" IS NULL
-) AS "d"
+    MAX("y"."b") AS "_col_0",
+    "y"."a" AS "_u_1"
+  FROM "y" AS "y"
+  GROUP BY
+    "y"."a"
+) AS "_u_0"
+  ON "x"."a" = "_u_0"."_u_1"
+JOIN "y" AS "y"
+  ON "x"."a" = "y"."a"
+WHERE
+  "_u_0"."_col_0" >= 0
+  AND "x"."a" > 1
+  AND NOT "_u_0"."_u_1" IS NULL
 GROUP BY
-  "d"."a";
+  "x"."a";
 
 (SELECT a FROM x) LIMIT 1;
 (
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/optimizer/tpc-h/tpc-h.sql b/tests/fixtures/optimizer/tpc-h/tpc-h.sql
index 482e231..0b6d382 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/optimizer/tpc-h/tpc-h.sql
+++ b/tests/fixtures/optimizer/tpc-h/tpc-h.sql
@@ -120,36 +120,16 @@ SELECT
   "supplier"."s_address" AS "s_address",
   "supplier"."s_phone" AS "s_phone",
   "supplier"."s_comment" AS "s_comment"
-FROM (
-  SELECT
-    "part"."p_partkey" AS "p_partkey",
-    "part"."p_mfgr" AS "p_mfgr",
-    "part"."p_type" AS "p_type",
-    "part"."p_size" AS "p_size"
-  FROM "part" AS "part"
-  WHERE
-    "part"."p_size" = 15
-    AND "part"."p_type" LIKE '%BRASS'
-) AS "part"
+FROM "part" AS "part"
 LEFT JOIN (
   SELECT
     MIN("partsupp"."ps_supplycost") AS "_col_0",
     "partsupp"."ps_partkey" AS "_u_1"
   FROM "_e_0" AS "partsupp"
   CROSS JOIN "_e_1" AS "region"
-  JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      "nation"."n_nationkey" AS "n_nationkey",
-      "nation"."n_regionkey" AS "n_regionkey"
-    FROM "nation" AS "nation"
-  ) AS "nation"
+  JOIN "nation" AS "nation"
     ON "nation"."n_regionkey" = "region"."r_regionkey"
-  JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      "supplier"."s_suppkey" AS "s_suppkey",
-      "supplier"."s_nationkey" AS "s_nationkey"
-    FROM "supplier" AS "supplier"
-  ) AS "supplier"
+  JOIN "supplier" AS "supplier"
     ON "supplier"."s_nationkey" = "nation"."n_nationkey"
     AND "supplier"."s_suppkey" = "partsupp"."ps_suppkey"
   GROUP BY
@@ -157,31 +137,17 @@ LEFT JOIN (
 ) AS "_u_0"
   ON "part"."p_partkey" = "_u_0"."_u_1"
 CROSS JOIN "_e_1" AS "region"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "nation"."n_nationkey" AS "n_nationkey",
-    "nation"."n_name" AS "n_name",
-    "nation"."n_regionkey" AS "n_regionkey"
-  FROM "nation" AS "nation"
-) AS "nation"
+JOIN "nation" AS "nation"
   ON "nation"."n_regionkey" = "region"."r_regionkey"
 JOIN "_e_0" AS "partsupp"
   ON "part"."p_partkey" = "partsupp"."ps_partkey"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "supplier"."s_suppkey" AS "s_suppkey",
-    "supplier"."s_name" AS "s_name",
-    "supplier"."s_address" AS "s_address",
-    "supplier"."s_nationkey" AS "s_nationkey",
-    "supplier"."s_phone" AS "s_phone",
-    "supplier"."s_acctbal" AS "s_acctbal",
-    "supplier"."s_comment" AS "s_comment"
-  FROM "supplier" AS "supplier"
-) AS "supplier"
+JOIN "supplier" AS "supplier"
   ON "supplier"."s_nationkey" = "nation"."n_nationkey"
   AND "supplier"."s_suppkey" = "partsupp"."ps_suppkey"
 WHERE
-  "partsupp"."ps_supplycost" = "_u_0"."_col_0"
+  "part"."p_size" = 15
+  AND "part"."p_type" LIKE '%BRASS'
+  AND "partsupp"."ps_supplycost" = "_u_0"."_col_0"
   AND NOT "_u_0"."_u_1" IS NULL
 ORDER BY
   "s_acctbal" DESC,
@@ -224,36 +190,15 @@ SELECT
   )) AS "revenue",
   CAST("orders"."o_orderdate" AS TEXT) AS "o_orderdate",
   "orders"."o_shippriority" AS "o_shippriority"
-FROM (
-  SELECT
-    "customer"."c_custkey" AS "c_custkey",
-    "customer"."c_mktsegment" AS "c_mktsegment"
-  FROM "customer" AS "customer"
-  WHERE
-    "customer"."c_mktsegment" = 'BUILDING'
-) AS "customer"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "orders"."o_orderkey" AS "o_orderkey",
-    "orders"."o_custkey" AS "o_custkey",
-    "orders"."o_orderdate" AS "o_orderdate",
-    "orders"."o_shippriority" AS "o_shippriority"
-  FROM "orders" AS "orders"
-  WHERE
-    "orders"."o_orderdate" < '1995-03-15'
-) AS "orders"
+FROM "customer" AS "customer"
+JOIN "orders" AS "orders"
   ON "customer"."c_custkey" = "orders"."o_custkey"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "lineitem"."l_orderkey" AS "l_orderkey",
-    "lineitem"."l_extendedprice" AS "l_extendedprice",
-    "lineitem"."l_discount" AS "l_discount",
-    "lineitem"."l_shipdate" AS "l_shipdate"
-  FROM "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
-  WHERE
-    "lineitem"."l_shipdate" > '1995-03-15'
-) AS "lineitem"
+JOIN "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
   ON "lineitem"."l_orderkey" = "orders"."o_orderkey"
+WHERE
+  "customer"."c_mktsegment" = 'BUILDING'
+  AND "lineitem"."l_shipdate" > '1995-03-15'
+  AND "orders"."o_orderdate" < '1995-03-15'
 GROUP BY
   "lineitem"."l_orderkey",
   "orders"."o_orderdate",
@@ -342,57 +287,22 @@ SELECT
   SUM("lineitem"."l_extendedprice" * (
       1 - "lineitem"."l_discount"
   )) AS "revenue"
-FROM (
-  SELECT
-    "customer"."c_custkey" AS "c_custkey",
-    "customer"."c_nationkey" AS "c_nationkey"
-  FROM "customer" AS "customer"
-) AS "customer"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "orders"."o_orderkey" AS "o_orderkey",
-    "orders"."o_custkey" AS "o_custkey",
-    "orders"."o_orderdate" AS "o_orderdate"
-  FROM "orders" AS "orders"
-  WHERE
-    "orders"."o_orderdate" < CAST('1995-01-01' AS DATE)
-    AND "orders"."o_orderdate" >= CAST('1994-01-01' AS DATE)
-) AS "orders"
+FROM "customer" AS "customer"
+JOIN "orders" AS "orders"
   ON "customer"."c_custkey" = "orders"."o_custkey"
-CROSS JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "region"."r_regionkey" AS "r_regionkey",
-    "region"."r_name" AS "r_name"
-  FROM "region" AS "region"
-  WHERE
-    "region"."r_name" = 'ASIA'
-) AS "region"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "nation"."n_nationkey" AS "n_nationkey",
-    "nation"."n_name" AS "n_name",
-    "nation"."n_regionkey" AS "n_regionkey"
-  FROM "nation" AS "nation"
-) AS "nation"
+CROSS JOIN "region" AS "region"
+JOIN "nation" AS "nation"
   ON "nation"."n_regionkey" = "region"."r_regionkey"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "supplier"."s_suppkey" AS "s_suppkey",
-    "supplier"."s_nationkey" AS "s_nationkey"
-  FROM "supplier" AS "supplier"
-) AS "supplier"
+JOIN "supplier" AS "supplier"
   ON "customer"."c_nationkey" = "supplier"."s_nationkey"
   AND "supplier"."s_nationkey" = "nation"."n_nationkey"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "lineitem"."l_orderkey" AS "l_orderkey",
-    "lineitem"."l_suppkey" AS "l_suppkey",
-    "lineitem"."l_extendedprice" AS "l_extendedprice",
-    "lineitem"."l_discount" AS "l_discount"
-  FROM "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
-) AS "lineitem"
+JOIN "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
   ON "lineitem"."l_orderkey" = "orders"."o_orderkey"
   AND "lineitem"."l_suppkey" = "supplier"."s_suppkey"
+WHERE
+  "orders"."o_orderdate" < CAST('1995-01-01' AS DATE)
+  AND "orders"."o_orderdate" >= CAST('1994-01-01' AS DATE)
+  AND "region"."r_name" = 'ASIA'
 GROUP BY
   "nation"."n_name"
 ORDER BY
@@ -471,67 +381,37 @@ WITH "_e_0" AS (
     OR "nation"."n_name" = 'GERMANY'
 )
 SELECT
-  "shipping"."supp_nation" AS "supp_nation",
-  "shipping"."cust_nation" AS "cust_nation",
-  "shipping"."l_year" AS "l_year",
-  SUM("shipping"."volume") AS "revenue"
-FROM (
-  SELECT
-    "n1"."n_name" AS "supp_nation",
-    "n2"."n_name" AS "cust_nation",
-    EXTRACT(year FROM "lineitem"."l_shipdate") AS "l_year",
-    "lineitem"."l_extendedprice" * (
+  "n1"."n_name" AS "supp_nation",
+  "n2"."n_name" AS "cust_nation",
+  EXTRACT(year FROM "lineitem"."l_shipdate") AS "l_year",
+  SUM("lineitem"."l_extendedprice" * (
       1 - "lineitem"."l_discount"
-    ) AS "volume"
-  FROM (
-    SELECT
-      "supplier"."s_suppkey" AS "s_suppkey",
-      "supplier"."s_nationkey" AS "s_nationkey"
-    FROM "supplier" AS "supplier"
-  ) AS "supplier"
-  JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      "lineitem"."l_orderkey" AS "l_orderkey",
-      "lineitem"."l_suppkey" AS "l_suppkey",
-      "lineitem"."l_extendedprice" AS "l_extendedprice",
-      "lineitem"."l_discount" AS "l_discount",
-      "lineitem"."l_shipdate" AS "l_shipdate"
-    FROM "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
-    WHERE
-      "lineitem"."l_shipdate" BETWEEN CAST('1995-01-01' AS DATE) AND CAST('1996-12-31' AS DATE)
-  ) AS "lineitem"
-    ON "supplier"."s_suppkey" = "lineitem"."l_suppkey"
-  JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      "orders"."o_orderkey" AS "o_orderkey",
-      "orders"."o_custkey" AS "o_custkey"
-    FROM "orders" AS "orders"
-  ) AS "orders"
-    ON "orders"."o_orderkey" = "lineitem"."l_orderkey"
-  JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      "customer"."c_custkey" AS "c_custkey",
-      "customer"."c_nationkey" AS "c_nationkey"
-    FROM "customer" AS "customer"
-  ) AS "customer"
-    ON "customer"."c_custkey" = "orders"."o_custkey"
-  JOIN "_e_0" AS "n1"
-    ON "supplier"."s_nationkey" = "n1"."n_nationkey"
-  JOIN "_e_0" AS "n2"
-    ON "customer"."c_nationkey" = "n2"."n_nationkey"
-    AND (
-      "n1"."n_name" = 'FRANCE'
-      OR "n2"."n_name" = 'FRANCE'
-    )
-    AND (
-      "n1"."n_name" = 'GERMANY'
-      OR "n2"."n_name" = 'GERMANY'
-    )
-) AS "shipping"
+  )) AS "revenue"
+FROM "supplier" AS "supplier"
+JOIN "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
+  ON "supplier"."s_suppkey" = "lineitem"."l_suppkey"
+JOIN "orders" AS "orders"
+  ON "orders"."o_orderkey" = "lineitem"."l_orderkey"
+JOIN "customer" AS "customer"
+  ON "customer"."c_custkey" = "orders"."o_custkey"
+JOIN "_e_0" AS "n1"
+  ON "supplier"."s_nationkey" = "n1"."n_nationkey"
+JOIN "_e_0" AS "n2"
+  ON "customer"."c_nationkey" = "n2"."n_nationkey"
+  AND (
+    "n1"."n_name" = 'FRANCE'
+    OR "n2"."n_name" = 'FRANCE'
+  )
+  AND (
+    "n1"."n_name" = 'GERMANY'
+    OR "n2"."n_name" = 'GERMANY'
+  )
+WHERE
+  "lineitem"."l_shipdate" BETWEEN CAST('1995-01-01' AS DATE) AND CAST('1996-12-31' AS DATE)
 GROUP BY
-  "shipping"."supp_nation",
-  "shipping"."cust_nation",
-  "shipping"."l_year"
+  "n1"."n_name",
+  "n2"."n_name",
+  EXTRACT(year FROM "lineitem"."l_shipdate")
 ORDER BY
   "supp_nation",
   "cust_nation",
@@ -578,87 +458,37 @@ group by
 order by
         o_year;
 SELECT
-  "all_nations"."o_year" AS "o_year",
+  EXTRACT(year FROM "orders"."o_orderdate") AS "o_year",
   SUM(CASE
-      WHEN "all_nations"."nation" = 'BRAZIL'
-      THEN "all_nations"."volume"
+      WHEN "nation_2"."n_name" = 'BRAZIL'
+      THEN "lineitem"."l_extendedprice" * (
+          1 - "lineitem"."l_discount"
+        )
       ELSE 0
-  END) / SUM("all_nations"."volume") AS "mkt_share"
-FROM (
-  SELECT
-    EXTRACT(year FROM "orders"."o_orderdate") AS "o_year",
-    "lineitem"."l_extendedprice" * (
+  END) / SUM("lineitem"."l_extendedprice" * (
       1 - "lineitem"."l_discount"
-    ) AS "volume",
-    "n2"."n_name" AS "nation"
-  FROM (
-    SELECT
-      "part"."p_partkey" AS "p_partkey",
-      "part"."p_type" AS "p_type"
-    FROM "part" AS "part"
-    WHERE
-      "part"."p_type" = 'ECONOMY ANODIZED STEEL'
-  ) AS "part"
-  CROSS JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      "region"."r_regionkey" AS "r_regionkey",
-      "region"."r_name" AS "r_name"
-    FROM "region" AS "region"
-    WHERE
-      "region"."r_name" = 'AMERICA'
-  ) AS "region"
-  JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      "nation"."n_nationkey" AS "n_nationkey",
-      "nation"."n_regionkey" AS "n_regionkey"
-    FROM "nation" AS "nation"
-  ) AS "n1"
-    ON "n1"."n_regionkey" = "region"."r_regionkey"
-  JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      "customer"."c_custkey" AS "c_custkey",
-      "customer"."c_nationkey" AS "c_nationkey"
-    FROM "customer" AS "customer"
-  ) AS "customer"
-    ON "customer"."c_nationkey" = "n1"."n_nationkey"
-  JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      "orders"."o_orderkey" AS "o_orderkey",
-      "orders"."o_custkey" AS "o_custkey",
-      "orders"."o_orderdate" AS "o_orderdate"
-    FROM "orders" AS "orders"
-    WHERE
-      "orders"."o_orderdate" BETWEEN CAST('1995-01-01' AS DATE) AND CAST('1996-12-31' AS DATE)
-  ) AS "orders"
-    ON "orders"."o_custkey" = "customer"."c_custkey"
-  JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      "lineitem"."l_orderkey" AS "l_orderkey",
-      "lineitem"."l_partkey" AS "l_partkey",
-      "lineitem"."l_suppkey" AS "l_suppkey",
-      "lineitem"."l_extendedprice" AS "l_extendedprice",
-      "lineitem"."l_discount" AS "l_discount"
-    FROM "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
-  ) AS "lineitem"
-    ON "lineitem"."l_orderkey" = "orders"."o_orderkey"
-    AND "part"."p_partkey" = "lineitem"."l_partkey"
-  JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      "supplier"."s_suppkey" AS "s_suppkey",
-      "supplier"."s_nationkey" AS "s_nationkey"
-    FROM "supplier" AS "supplier"
-  ) AS "supplier"
-    ON "supplier"."s_suppkey" = "lineitem"."l_suppkey"
-  JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      "nation"."n_nationkey" AS "n_nationkey",
-      "nation"."n_name" AS "n_name"
-    FROM "nation" AS "nation"
-  ) AS "n2"
-    ON "supplier"."s_nationkey" = "n2"."n_nationkey"
-) AS "all_nations"
+  )) AS "mkt_share"
+FROM "part" AS "part"
+CROSS JOIN "region" AS "region"
+JOIN "nation" AS "nation"
+  ON "nation"."n_regionkey" = "region"."r_regionkey"
+JOIN "customer" AS "customer"
+  ON "customer"."c_nationkey" = "nation"."n_nationkey"
+JOIN "orders" AS "orders"
+  ON "orders"."o_custkey" = "customer"."c_custkey"
+JOIN "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
+  ON "lineitem"."l_orderkey" = "orders"."o_orderkey"
+  AND "part"."p_partkey" = "lineitem"."l_partkey"
+JOIN "supplier" AS "supplier"
+  ON "supplier"."s_suppkey" = "lineitem"."l_suppkey"
+JOIN "nation" AS "nation_2"
+  ON "supplier"."s_nationkey" = "nation_2"."n_nationkey"
+WHERE
+  "orders"."o_orderdate" BETWEEN CAST('1995-01-01' AS DATE) AND CAST('1996-12-31' AS DATE)
+  AND "part"."p_type" = 'ECONOMY ANODIZED STEEL'
+  AND "region"."r_name" = 'AMERICA'
 GROUP BY
-  "all_nations"."o_year"
+  EXTRACT(year FROM "orders"."o_orderdate")
 ORDER BY
   "o_year";
 
@@ -698,69 +528,28 @@ order by
         nation,
         o_year desc;
 SELECT
-  "profit"."nation" AS "nation",
-  "profit"."o_year" AS "o_year",
-  SUM("profit"."amount") AS "sum_profit"
-FROM (
-  SELECT
-    "nation"."n_name" AS "nation",
-    EXTRACT(year FROM "orders"."o_orderdate") AS "o_year",
-    "lineitem"."l_extendedprice" * (
+  "nation"."n_name" AS "nation",
+  EXTRACT(year FROM "orders"."o_orderdate") AS "o_year",
+  SUM("lineitem"."l_extendedprice" * (
       1 - "lineitem"."l_discount"
-    ) - "partsupp"."ps_supplycost" * "lineitem"."l_quantity" AS "amount"
-  FROM (
-    SELECT
-      "part"."p_partkey" AS "p_partkey",
-      "part"."p_name" AS "p_name"
-    FROM "part" AS "part"
-    WHERE
-      "part"."p_name" LIKE '%green%'
-  ) AS "part"
-  JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      "lineitem"."l_orderkey" AS "l_orderkey",
-      "lineitem"."l_partkey" AS "l_partkey",
-      "lineitem"."l_suppkey" AS "l_suppkey",
-      "lineitem"."l_quantity" AS "l_quantity",
-      "lineitem"."l_extendedprice" AS "l_extendedprice",
-      "lineitem"."l_discount" AS "l_discount"
-    FROM "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
-  ) AS "lineitem"
-    ON "part"."p_partkey" = "lineitem"."l_partkey"
-  JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      "supplier"."s_suppkey" AS "s_suppkey",
-      "supplier"."s_nationkey" AS "s_nationkey"
-    FROM "supplier" AS "supplier"
-  ) AS "supplier"
-    ON "supplier"."s_suppkey" = "lineitem"."l_suppkey"
-  JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      "partsupp"."ps_partkey" AS "ps_partkey",
-      "partsupp"."ps_suppkey" AS "ps_suppkey",
-      "partsupp"."ps_supplycost" AS "ps_supplycost"
-    FROM "partsupp" AS "partsupp"
-  ) AS "partsupp"
-    ON "partsupp"."ps_partkey" = "lineitem"."l_partkey"
-    AND "partsupp"."ps_suppkey" = "lineitem"."l_suppkey"
-  JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      "orders"."o_orderkey" AS "o_orderkey",
-      "orders"."o_orderdate" AS "o_orderdate"
-    FROM "orders" AS "orders"
-  ) AS "orders"
-    ON "orders"."o_orderkey" = "lineitem"."l_orderkey"
-  JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      "nation"."n_nationkey" AS "n_nationkey",
-      "nation"."n_name" AS "n_name"
-    FROM "nation" AS "nation"
-  ) AS "nation"
-    ON "supplier"."s_nationkey" = "nation"."n_nationkey"
-) AS "profit"
+  ) - "partsupp"."ps_supplycost" * "lineitem"."l_quantity") AS "sum_profit"
+FROM "part" AS "part"
+JOIN "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
+  ON "part"."p_partkey" = "lineitem"."l_partkey"
+JOIN "supplier" AS "supplier"
+  ON "supplier"."s_suppkey" = "lineitem"."l_suppkey"
+JOIN "partsupp" AS "partsupp"
+  ON "partsupp"."ps_partkey" = "lineitem"."l_partkey"
+  AND "partsupp"."ps_suppkey" = "lineitem"."l_suppkey"
+JOIN "orders" AS "orders"
+  ON "orders"."o_orderkey" = "lineitem"."l_orderkey"
+JOIN "nation" AS "nation"
+  ON "supplier"."s_nationkey" = "nation"."n_nationkey"
+WHERE
+  "part"."p_name" LIKE '%green%'
 GROUP BY
-  "profit"."nation",
-  "profit"."o_year"
+  "nation"."n_name",
+  EXTRACT(year FROM "orders"."o_orderdate")
 ORDER BY
   "nation",
   "o_year" DESC;
@@ -812,46 +601,17 @@ SELECT
   "customer"."c_address" AS "c_address",
   "customer"."c_phone" AS "c_phone",
   "customer"."c_comment" AS "c_comment"
-FROM (
-  SELECT
-    "customer"."c_custkey" AS "c_custkey",
-    "customer"."c_name" AS "c_name",
-    "customer"."c_address" AS "c_address",
-    "customer"."c_nationkey" AS "c_nationkey",
-    "customer"."c_phone" AS "c_phone",
-    "customer"."c_acctbal" AS "c_acctbal",
-    "customer"."c_comment" AS "c_comment"
-  FROM "customer" AS "customer"
-) AS "customer"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "orders"."o_orderkey" AS "o_orderkey",
-    "orders"."o_custkey" AS "o_custkey",
-    "orders"."o_orderdate" AS "o_orderdate"
-  FROM "orders" AS "orders"
-  WHERE
-    "orders"."o_orderdate" < CAST('1994-01-01' AS DATE)
-    AND "orders"."o_orderdate" >= CAST('1993-10-01' AS DATE)
-) AS "orders"
+FROM "customer" AS "customer"
+JOIN "orders" AS "orders"
   ON "customer"."c_custkey" = "orders"."o_custkey"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "lineitem"."l_orderkey" AS "l_orderkey",
-    "lineitem"."l_extendedprice" AS "l_extendedprice",
-    "lineitem"."l_discount" AS "l_discount",
-    "lineitem"."l_returnflag" AS "l_returnflag"
-  FROM "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
-  WHERE
-    "lineitem"."l_returnflag" = 'R'
-) AS "lineitem"
+JOIN "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
   ON "lineitem"."l_orderkey" = "orders"."o_orderkey"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "nation"."n_nationkey" AS "n_nationkey",
-    "nation"."n_name" AS "n_name"
-  FROM "nation" AS "nation"
-) AS "nation"
+JOIN "nation" AS "nation"
   ON "customer"."c_nationkey" = "nation"."n_nationkey"
+WHERE
+  "lineitem"."l_returnflag" = 'R'
+  AND "orders"."o_orderdate" < CAST('1994-01-01' AS DATE)
+  AND "orders"."o_orderdate" >= CAST('1993-10-01' AS DATE)
 GROUP BY
   "customer"."c_custkey",
   "customer"."c_name",
@@ -910,14 +670,7 @@ WITH "_e_0" AS (
 SELECT
   "partsupp"."ps_partkey" AS "ps_partkey",
   SUM("partsupp"."ps_supplycost" * "partsupp"."ps_availqty") AS "value"
-FROM (
-  SELECT
-    "partsupp"."ps_partkey" AS "ps_partkey",
-    "partsupp"."ps_suppkey" AS "ps_suppkey",
-    "partsupp"."ps_availqty" AS "ps_availqty",
-    "partsupp"."ps_supplycost" AS "ps_supplycost"
-  FROM "partsupp" AS "partsupp"
-) AS "partsupp"
+FROM "partsupp" AS "partsupp"
 JOIN "_e_0" AS "supplier"
   ON "partsupp"."ps_suppkey" = "supplier"."s_suppkey"
 JOIN "_e_1" AS "nation"
@@ -928,13 +681,7 @@ HAVING
   SUM("partsupp"."ps_supplycost" * "partsupp"."ps_availqty") > (
     SELECT
       SUM("partsupp"."ps_supplycost" * "partsupp"."ps_availqty") * 0.0001 AS "_col_0"
-    FROM (
-      SELECT
-        "partsupp"."ps_suppkey" AS "ps_suppkey",
-        "partsupp"."ps_availqty" AS "ps_availqty",
-        "partsupp"."ps_supplycost" AS "ps_supplycost"
-      FROM "partsupp" AS "partsupp"
-    ) AS "partsupp"
+    FROM "partsupp" AS "partsupp"
     JOIN "_e_0" AS "supplier"
       ON "partsupp"."ps_suppkey" = "supplier"."s_suppkey"
     JOIN "_e_1" AS "nation"
@@ -988,28 +735,15 @@ SELECT
       THEN 1
       ELSE 0
   END) AS "low_line_count"
-FROM (
-  SELECT
-    "orders"."o_orderkey" AS "o_orderkey",
-    "orders"."o_orderpriority" AS "o_orderpriority"
-  FROM "orders" AS "orders"
-) AS "orders"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "lineitem"."l_orderkey" AS "l_orderkey",
-    "lineitem"."l_shipdate" AS "l_shipdate",
-    "lineitem"."l_commitdate" AS "l_commitdate",
-    "lineitem"."l_receiptdate" AS "l_receiptdate",
-    "lineitem"."l_shipmode" AS "l_shipmode"
-  FROM "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
-  WHERE
-    "lineitem"."l_commitdate" < "lineitem"."l_receiptdate"
-    AND "lineitem"."l_receiptdate" < CAST('1995-01-01' AS DATE)
-    AND "lineitem"."l_receiptdate" >= CAST('1994-01-01' AS DATE)
-    AND "lineitem"."l_shipdate" < "lineitem"."l_commitdate"
-    AND "lineitem"."l_shipmode" IN ('MAIL', 'SHIP')
-) AS "lineitem"
+FROM "orders" AS "orders"
+JOIN "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
   ON "orders"."o_orderkey" = "lineitem"."l_orderkey"
+WHERE
+  "lineitem"."l_commitdate" < "lineitem"."l_receiptdate"
+  AND "lineitem"."l_receiptdate" < CAST('1995-01-01' AS DATE)
+  AND "lineitem"."l_receiptdate" >= CAST('1994-01-01' AS DATE)
+  AND "lineitem"."l_shipdate" < "lineitem"."l_commitdate"
+  AND "lineitem"."l_shipmode" IN ('MAIL', 'SHIP')
 GROUP BY
   "lineitem"."l_shipmode"
 ORDER BY
@@ -1044,21 +778,10 @@ SELECT
 FROM (
   SELECT
     COUNT("orders"."o_orderkey") AS "c_count"
-  FROM (
-    SELECT
-      "customer"."c_custkey" AS "c_custkey"
-    FROM "customer" AS "customer"
-  ) AS "customer"
-  LEFT JOIN (
-    SELECT
-      "orders"."o_orderkey" AS "o_orderkey",
-      "orders"."o_custkey" AS "o_custkey",
-      "orders"."o_comment" AS "o_comment"
-    FROM "orders" AS "orders"
-    WHERE
-      NOT "orders"."o_comment" LIKE '%special%requests%'
-  ) AS "orders"
+  FROM "customer" AS "customer"
+  LEFT JOIN "orders" AS "orders"
     ON "customer"."c_custkey" = "orders"."o_custkey"
+    AND NOT "orders"."o_comment" LIKE '%special%requests%'
   GROUP BY
     "customer"."c_custkey"
 ) AS "c_orders"
@@ -1094,24 +817,12 @@ SELECT
   END) / SUM("lineitem"."l_extendedprice" * (
       1 - "lineitem"."l_discount"
   )) AS "promo_revenue"
-FROM (
-  SELECT
-    "lineitem"."l_partkey" AS "l_partkey",
-    "lineitem"."l_extendedprice" AS "l_extendedprice",
-    "lineitem"."l_discount" AS "l_discount",
-    "lineitem"."l_shipdate" AS "l_shipdate"
-  FROM "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
-  WHERE
-    "lineitem"."l_shipdate" < CAST('1995-10-01' AS DATE)
-    AND "lineitem"."l_shipdate" >= CAST('1995-09-01' AS DATE)
-) AS "lineitem"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "part"."p_partkey" AS "p_partkey",
-    "part"."p_type" AS "p_type"
-  FROM "part" AS "part"
-) AS "part"
-  ON "lineitem"."l_partkey" = "part"."p_partkey";
+FROM "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
+JOIN "part" AS "part"
+  ON "lineitem"."l_partkey" = "part"."p_partkey"
+WHERE
+  "lineitem"."l_shipdate" < CAST('1995-10-01' AS DATE)
+  AND "lineitem"."l_shipdate" >= CAST('1995-09-01' AS DATE);
 
 --------------------------------------
 -- TPC-H 15
@@ -1165,14 +876,7 @@ SELECT
   "supplier"."s_address" AS "s_address",
   "supplier"."s_phone" AS "s_phone",
   "revenue"."total_revenue" AS "total_revenue"
-FROM (
-  SELECT
-    "supplier"."s_suppkey" AS "s_suppkey",
-    "supplier"."s_name" AS "s_name",
-    "supplier"."s_address" AS "s_address",
-    "supplier"."s_phone" AS "s_phone"
-  FROM "supplier" AS "supplier"
-) AS "supplier"
+FROM "supplier" AS "supplier"
 JOIN "revenue"
   ON "revenue"."total_revenue" = (
     SELECT
@@ -1221,12 +925,7 @@ SELECT
   "part"."p_type" AS "p_type",
   "part"."p_size" AS "p_size",
   COUNT(DISTINCT "partsupp"."ps_suppkey") AS "supplier_cnt"
-FROM (
-  SELECT
-    "partsupp"."ps_partkey" AS "ps_partkey",
-    "partsupp"."ps_suppkey" AS "ps_suppkey"
-  FROM "partsupp" AS "partsupp"
-) AS "partsupp"
+FROM "partsupp" AS "partsupp"
 LEFT JOIN (
   SELECT
     "supplier"."s_suppkey" AS "s_suppkey"
@@ -1237,21 +936,13 @@ LEFT JOIN (
     "supplier"."s_suppkey"
 ) AS "_u_0"
   ON "partsupp"."ps_suppkey" = "_u_0"."s_suppkey"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "part"."p_partkey" AS "p_partkey",
-    "part"."p_brand" AS "p_brand",
-    "part"."p_type" AS "p_type",
-    "part"."p_size" AS "p_size"
-  FROM "part" AS "part"
-  WHERE
-    "part"."p_brand" <> 'Brand#45'
-    AND "part"."p_size" IN (49, 14, 23, 45, 19, 3, 36, 9)
-    AND NOT "part"."p_type" LIKE 'MEDIUM POLISHED%'
-) AS "part"
+JOIN "part" AS "part"
   ON "part"."p_partkey" = "partsupp"."ps_partkey"
 WHERE
   "_u_0"."s_suppkey" IS NULL
+  AND "part"."p_brand" <> 'Brand#45'
+  AND "part"."p_size" IN (49, 14, 23, 45, 19, 3, 36, 9)
+  AND NOT "part"."p_type" LIKE 'MEDIUM POLISHED%'
 GROUP BY
   "part"."p_brand",
   "part"."p_type",
@@ -1284,23 +975,8 @@ where
         );
 SELECT
   SUM("lineitem"."l_extendedprice") / 7.0 AS "avg_yearly"
-FROM (
-  SELECT
-    "lineitem"."l_partkey" AS "l_partkey",
-    "lineitem"."l_quantity" AS "l_quantity",
-    "lineitem"."l_extendedprice" AS "l_extendedprice"
-  FROM "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
-) AS "lineitem"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "part"."p_partkey" AS "p_partkey",
-    "part"."p_brand" AS "p_brand",
-    "part"."p_container" AS "p_container"
-  FROM "part" AS "part"
-  WHERE
-    "part"."p_brand" = 'Brand#23'
-    AND "part"."p_container" = 'MED BOX'
-) AS "part"
+FROM "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
+JOIN "part" AS "part"
   ON "part"."p_partkey" = "lineitem"."l_partkey"
 LEFT JOIN (
   SELECT
@@ -1313,6 +989,8 @@ LEFT JOIN (
   ON "_u_0"."_u_1" = "part"."p_partkey"
 WHERE
   "lineitem"."l_quantity" < "_u_0"."_col_0"
+  AND "part"."p_brand" = 'Brand#23'
+  AND "part"."p_container" = 'MED BOX'
   AND NOT "_u_0"."_u_1" IS NULL;
 
 --------------------------------------
@@ -1359,20 +1037,8 @@ SELECT
   "orders"."o_orderdate" AS "o_orderdate",
   "orders"."o_totalprice" AS "o_totalprice",
   SUM("lineitem"."l_quantity") AS "_col_5"
-FROM (
-  SELECT
-    "customer"."c_custkey" AS "c_custkey",
-    "customer"."c_name" AS "c_name"
-  FROM "customer" AS "customer"
-) AS "customer"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "orders"."o_orderkey" AS "o_orderkey",
-    "orders"."o_custkey" AS "o_custkey",
-    "orders"."o_totalprice" AS "o_totalprice",
-    "orders"."o_orderdate" AS "o_orderdate"
-  FROM "orders" AS "orders"
-) AS "orders"
+FROM "customer" AS "customer"
+JOIN "orders" AS "orders"
   ON "customer"."c_custkey" = "orders"."o_custkey"
 LEFT JOIN (
   SELECT
@@ -1385,12 +1051,7 @@ LEFT JOIN (
     SUM("lineitem"."l_quantity") > 300
 ) AS "_u_0"
   ON "orders"."o_orderkey" = "_u_0"."l_orderkey"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "lineitem"."l_orderkey" AS "l_orderkey",
-    "lineitem"."l_quantity" AS "l_quantity"
-  FROM "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
-) AS "lineitem"
+JOIN "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
   ON "orders"."o_orderkey" = "lineitem"."l_orderkey"
 WHERE
   NOT "_u_0"."l_orderkey" IS NULL
@@ -1447,24 +1108,8 @@ SELECT
   SUM("lineitem"."l_extendedprice" * (
       1 - "lineitem"."l_discount"
   )) AS "revenue"
-FROM (
-  SELECT
-    "lineitem"."l_partkey" AS "l_partkey",
-    "lineitem"."l_quantity" AS "l_quantity",
-    "lineitem"."l_extendedprice" AS "l_extendedprice",
-    "lineitem"."l_discount" AS "l_discount",
-    "lineitem"."l_shipinstruct" AS "l_shipinstruct",
-    "lineitem"."l_shipmode" AS "l_shipmode"
-  FROM "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
-) AS "lineitem"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "part"."p_partkey" AS "p_partkey",
-    "part"."p_brand" AS "p_brand",
-    "part"."p_size" AS "p_size",
-    "part"."p_container" AS "p_container"
-  FROM "part" AS "part"
-) AS "part"
+FROM "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
+JOIN "part" AS "part"
   ON (
     "part"."p_brand" = 'Brand#12'
     AND "part"."p_container" IN ('SM CASE', 'SM BOX', 'SM PACK', 'SM PKG')
@@ -1558,14 +1203,7 @@ order by
 SELECT
   "supplier"."s_name" AS "s_name",
   "supplier"."s_address" AS "s_address"
-FROM (
-  SELECT
-    "supplier"."s_suppkey" AS "s_suppkey",
-    "supplier"."s_name" AS "s_name",
-    "supplier"."s_address" AS "s_address",
-    "supplier"."s_nationkey" AS "s_nationkey"
-  FROM "supplier" AS "supplier"
-) AS "supplier"
+FROM "supplier" AS "supplier"
 LEFT JOIN (
   SELECT
     "partsupp"."ps_suppkey" AS "ps_suppkey"
@@ -1604,17 +1242,11 @@ LEFT JOIN (
     "partsupp"."ps_suppkey"
 ) AS "_u_4"
   ON "supplier"."s_suppkey" = "_u_4"."ps_suppkey"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "nation"."n_nationkey" AS "n_nationkey",
-    "nation"."n_name" AS "n_name"
-  FROM "nation" AS "nation"
-  WHERE
-    "nation"."n_name" = 'CANADA'
-) AS "nation"
+JOIN "nation" AS "nation"
   ON "supplier"."s_nationkey" = "nation"."n_nationkey"
 WHERE
-  NOT "_u_4"."ps_suppkey" IS NULL
+  "nation"."n_name" = 'CANADA'
+  AND NOT "_u_4"."ps_suppkey" IS NULL
 ORDER BY
   "s_name";
 
@@ -1665,24 +1297,9 @@ limit
 SELECT
   "supplier"."s_name" AS "s_name",
   COUNT(*) AS "numwait"
-FROM (
-  SELECT
-    "supplier"."s_suppkey" AS "s_suppkey",
-    "supplier"."s_name" AS "s_name",
-    "supplier"."s_nationkey" AS "s_nationkey"
-  FROM "supplier" AS "supplier"
-) AS "supplier"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "lineitem"."l_orderkey" AS "l_orderkey",
-    "lineitem"."l_suppkey" AS "l_suppkey",
-    "lineitem"."l_commitdate" AS "l_commitdate",
-    "lineitem"."l_receiptdate" AS "l_receiptdate"
-  FROM "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
-  WHERE
-    "lineitem"."l_receiptdate" > "lineitem"."l_commitdate"
-) AS "l1"
-  ON "supplier"."s_suppkey" = "l1"."l_suppkey"
+FROM "supplier" AS "supplier"
+JOIN "lineitem" AS "lineitem"
+  ON "supplier"."s_suppkey" = "lineitem"."l_suppkey"
 LEFT JOIN (
   SELECT
     "l2"."l_orderkey" AS "l_orderkey",
@@ -1691,7 +1308,7 @@ LEFT JOIN (
   GROUP BY
     "l2"."l_orderkey"
 ) AS "_u_0"
-  ON "_u_0"."l_orderkey" = "l1"."l_orderkey"
+  ON "_u_0"."l_orderkey" = "lineitem"."l_orderkey"
 LEFT JOIN (
   SELECT
     "l3"."l_orderkey" AS "l_orderkey",
@@ -1702,31 +1319,20 @@ LEFT JOIN (
   GROUP BY
     "l3"."l_orderkey"
 ) AS "_u_2"
-  ON "_u_2"."l_orderkey" = "l1"."l_orderkey"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "orders"."o_orderkey" AS "o_orderkey",
-    "orders"."o_orderstatus" AS "o_orderstatus"
-  FROM "orders" AS "orders"
-  WHERE
-    "orders"."o_orderstatus" = 'F'
-) AS "orders"
-  ON "orders"."o_orderkey" = "l1"."l_orderkey"
-JOIN (
-  SELECT
-    "nation"."n_nationkey" AS "n_nationkey",
-    "nation"."n_name" AS "n_name"
-  FROM "nation" AS "nation"
-  WHERE
-    "nation"."n_name" = 'SAUDI ARABIA'
-) AS "nation"
+  ON "_u_2"."l_orderkey" = "lineitem"."l_orderkey"
+JOIN "orders" AS "orders"
+  ON "orders"."o_orderkey" = "lineitem"."l_orderkey"
+JOIN "nation" AS "nation"
   ON "supplier"."s_nationkey" = "nation"."n_nationkey"
 WHERE
   (
     "_u_2"."l_orderkey" IS NULL
-    OR NOT ARRAY_ANY("_u_2"."_u_3", "_x" -> "_x" <> "l1"."l_suppkey")
+    OR NOT ARRAY_ANY("_u_2"."_u_3", "_x" -> "_x" <> "lineitem"."l_suppkey")
   )
-  AND ARRAY_ANY("_u_0"."_u_1", "_x" -> "_x" <> "l1"."l_suppkey")
+  AND "lineitem"."l_receiptdate" > "lineitem"."l_commitdate"
+  AND "nation"."n_name" = 'SAUDI ARABIA'
+  AND "orders"."o_orderstatus" = 'F'
+  AND ARRAY_ANY("_u_0"."_u_1", "_x" -> "_x" <> "lineitem"."l_suppkey")
   AND NOT "_u_0"."l_orderkey" IS NULL
 GROUP BY
   "supplier"."s_name"
@@ -1776,35 +1382,30 @@ group by
 order by
         cntrycode;
 SELECT
-  "custsale"."cntrycode" AS "cntrycode",
+  SUBSTRING("customer"."c_phone", 1, 2) AS "cntrycode",
   COUNT(*) AS "numcust",
-  SUM("custsale"."c_acctbal") AS "totacctbal"
-FROM (
+  SUM("customer"."c_acctbal") AS "totacctbal"
+FROM "customer" AS "customer"
+LEFT JOIN (
   SELECT
-    SUBSTRING("customer"."c_phone", 1, 2) AS "cntrycode",
-    "customer"."c_acctbal" AS "c_acctbal"
-  FROM "customer" AS "customer"
-  LEFT JOIN (
+    "orders"."o_custkey" AS "_u_1"
+  FROM "orders" AS "orders"
+  GROUP BY
+    "orders"."o_custkey"
+) AS "_u_0"
+  ON "_u_0"."_u_1" = "customer"."c_custkey"
+WHERE
+  "_u_0"."_u_1" IS NULL
+  AND "customer"."c_acctbal" > (
     SELECT
-      "orders"."o_custkey" AS "_u_1"
-    FROM "orders" AS "orders"
-    GROUP BY
-      "orders"."o_custkey"
-  ) AS "_u_0"
-    ON "_u_0"."_u_1" = "customer"."c_custkey"
-  WHERE
-    "_u_0"."_u_1" IS NULL
-    AND "customer"."c_acctbal" > (
-      SELECT
-        AVG("customer"."c_acctbal") AS "_col_0"
-      FROM "customer" AS "customer"
-      WHERE
-        "customer"."c_acctbal" > 0.00
-        AND SUBSTRING("customer"."c_phone", 1, 2) IN ('13', '31', '23', '29', '30', '18', '17')
-    )
-    AND SUBSTRING("customer"."c_phone", 1, 2) IN ('13', '31', '23', '29', '30', '18', '17')
-) AS "custsale"
+      AVG("customer"."c_acctbal") AS "_col_0"
+    FROM "customer" AS "customer"
+    WHERE
+      "customer"."c_acctbal" > 0.00
+      AND SUBSTRING("customer"."c_phone", 1, 2) IN ('13', '31', '23', '29', '30', '18', '17')
+  )
+  AND SUBSTRING("customer"."c_phone", 1, 2) IN ('13', '31', '23', '29', '30', '18', '17')
 GROUP BY
-  "custsale"."cntrycode"
+  SUBSTRING("customer"."c_phone", 1, 2)
 ORDER BY
   "cntrycode";