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sqlglot.dialects.duckdb

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  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import typing as t
  4
  5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens
  6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
  7    Dialect,
  8    approx_count_distinct_sql,
  9    arrow_json_extract_scalar_sql,
 10    arrow_json_extract_sql,
 11    date_trunc_to_time,
 12    datestrtodate_sql,
 13    format_time_lambda,
 14    no_comment_column_constraint_sql,
 15    no_properties_sql,
 16    no_safe_divide_sql,
 17    pivot_column_names,
 18    regexp_extract_sql,
 19    rename_func,
 20    str_position_sql,
 21    str_to_time_sql,
 22    timestamptrunc_sql,
 23    timestrtotime_sql,
 24    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
 25)
 26from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
 27from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 28
 29
 30def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
 31    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
 32    unit = self.sql(expression, "unit").strip("'") or "DAY"
 33    return f"CAST({this} AS DATE) + {self.sql(exp.Interval(this=expression.expression, unit=unit))}"
 34
 35
 36def _date_delta_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.DateAdd | exp.DateSub) -> str:
 37    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
 38    unit = self.sql(expression, "unit").strip("'") or "DAY"
 39    op = "+" if isinstance(expression, exp.DateAdd) else "-"
 40    return f"{this} {op} {self.sql(exp.Interval(this=expression.expression, unit=unit))}"
 41
 42
 43# BigQuery -> DuckDB conversion for the DATE function
 44def _date_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Date) -> str:
 45    result = f"CAST({self.sql(expression, 'this')} AS DATE)"
 46    zone = self.sql(expression, "zone")
 47
 48    if zone:
 49        date_str = self.func("STRFTIME", result, "'%d/%m/%Y'")
 50        date_str = f"{date_str} || ' ' || {zone}"
 51
 52        # This will create a TIMESTAMP with time zone information
 53        result = self.func("STRPTIME", date_str, "'%d/%m/%Y %Z'")
 54
 55    return result
 56
 57
 58def _array_sort_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.ArraySort) -> str:
 59    if expression.expression:
 60        self.unsupported("DUCKDB ARRAY_SORT does not support a comparator")
 61    return f"ARRAY_SORT({self.sql(expression, 'this')})"
 62
 63
 64def _sort_array_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.SortArray) -> str:
 65    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
 66    if expression.args.get("asc") == exp.false():
 67        return f"ARRAY_REVERSE_SORT({this})"
 68    return f"ARRAY_SORT({this})"
 69
 70
 71def _sort_array_reverse(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
 72    return exp.SortArray(this=seq_get(args, 0), asc=exp.false())
 73
 74
 75def _parse_date_diff(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
 76    return exp.DateDiff(this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0))
 77
 78
 79def _struct_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
 80    args = [
 81        f"'{e.name or e.this.name}': {self.sql(e, 'expression')}" for e in expression.expressions
 82    ]
 83    return f"{{{', '.join(args)}}}"
 84
 85
 86def _datatype_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
 87    if expression.is_type("array"):
 88        return f"{self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}[]"
 89    return self.datatype_sql(expression)
 90
 91
 92def _json_format_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
 93    sql = self.func("TO_JSON", expression.this, expression.args.get("options"))
 94    return f"CAST({sql} AS TEXT)"
 95
 96
 97class DuckDB(Dialect):
 98    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
 99
100    # https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/introduction.html#creating-a-new-table
101    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
102
103    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
104        KEYWORDS = {
105            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
106            "~": TokenType.RLIKE,
107            ":=": TokenType.EQ,
108            "//": TokenType.DIV,
109            "ATTACH": TokenType.COMMAND,
110            "BINARY": TokenType.VARBINARY,
111            "BPCHAR": TokenType.TEXT,
112            "BITSTRING": TokenType.BIT,
113            "CHAR": TokenType.TEXT,
114            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.TEXT,
115            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
116            "INT1": TokenType.TINYINT,
117            "LOGICAL": TokenType.BOOLEAN,
118            "NUMERIC": TokenType.DOUBLE,
119            "PIVOT_WIDER": TokenType.PIVOT,
120            "SIGNED": TokenType.INT,
121            "STRING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
122            "UBIGINT": TokenType.UBIGINT,
123            "UINTEGER": TokenType.UINT,
124            "USMALLINT": TokenType.USMALLINT,
125            "UTINYINT": TokenType.UTINYINT,
126        }
127
128    class Parser(parser.Parser):
129        CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING = True
130
131        FUNCTIONS = {
132            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
133            "ARRAY_LENGTH": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
134            "ARRAY_SORT": exp.SortArray.from_arg_list,
135            "ARRAY_REVERSE_SORT": _sort_array_reverse,
136            "DATEDIFF": _parse_date_diff,
137            "DATE_DIFF": _parse_date_diff,
138            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
139            "DATETRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
140            "EPOCH": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
141            "EPOCH_MS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
142                this=exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(1000))
143            ),
144            "LIST_REVERSE_SORT": _sort_array_reverse,
145            "LIST_SORT": exp.SortArray.from_arg_list,
146            "LIST_VALUE": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
147            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
148                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
149            ),
150            "REGEXP_MATCHES": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
151            "STRFTIME": format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, "duckdb"),
152            "STRING_SPLIT": exp.Split.from_arg_list,
153            "STRING_SPLIT_REGEX": exp.RegexpSplit.from_arg_list,
154            "STRING_TO_ARRAY": exp.Split.from_arg_list,
155            "STRPTIME": format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "duckdb"),
156            "STRUCT_PACK": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
157            "STR_SPLIT": exp.Split.from_arg_list,
158            "STR_SPLIT_REGEX": exp.RegexpSplit.from_arg_list,
159            "TO_TIMESTAMP": exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list,
160            "UNNEST": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
161        }
162
163        TYPE_TOKENS = {
164            *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS,
165            TokenType.UBIGINT,
166            TokenType.UINT,
167            TokenType.USMALLINT,
168            TokenType.UTINYINT,
169        }
170
171        def _pivot_column_names(self, aggregations: t.List[exp.Expression]) -> t.List[str]:
172            if len(aggregations) == 1:
173                return super()._pivot_column_names(aggregations)
174            return pivot_column_names(aggregations, dialect="duckdb")
175
176    class Generator(generator.Generator):
177        JOIN_HINTS = False
178        TABLE_HINTS = False
179        QUERY_HINTS = False
180        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
181        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
182        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
183
184        TRANSFORMS = {
185            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
186            exp.ApproxDistinct: approx_count_distinct_sql,
187            exp.Array: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY", e.expressions[0])
188            if e.expressions and e.expressions[0].find(exp.Select)
189            else rename_func("LIST_VALUE")(self, e),
190            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
191            exp.ArraySort: _array_sort_sql,
192            exp.ArraySum: rename_func("LIST_SUM"),
193            exp.CommentColumnConstraint: no_comment_column_constraint_sql,
194            exp.CurrentDate: lambda self, e: "CURRENT_DATE",
195            exp.CurrentTime: lambda self, e: "CURRENT_TIME",
196            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda self, e: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
197            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
198            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
199            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
200            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
201            exp.Date: _date_sql,
202            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql,
203            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("MAKE_DATE"),
204            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql,
205            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
206                "DATE_DIFF", f"'{e.args.get('unit', 'day')}'", e.expression, e.this
207            ),
208            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
209            exp.DateToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(STRFTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {DuckDB.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
210            exp.DiToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST(STRPTIME(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS TEXT), {DuckDB.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
211            exp.Explode: rename_func("UNNEST"),
212            exp.IntDiv: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "//"),
213            exp.JSONExtract: arrow_json_extract_sql,
214            exp.JSONExtractScalar: arrow_json_extract_scalar_sql,
215            exp.JSONFormat: _json_format_sql,
216            exp.JSONBExtract: arrow_json_extract_sql,
217            exp.JSONBExtractScalar: arrow_json_extract_scalar_sql,
218            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
219            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
220            exp.Properties: no_properties_sql,
221            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
222            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_MATCHES"),
223            exp.RegexpSplit: rename_func("STR_SPLIT_REGEX"),
224            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
225            exp.Split: rename_func("STR_SPLIT"),
226            exp.SortArray: _sort_array_sql,
227            exp.StrPosition: str_position_sql,
228            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
229            exp.StrToTime: str_to_time_sql,
230            exp.StrToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EPOCH(STRPTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)}))",
231            exp.Struct: _struct_sql,
232            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
233            exp.TimeStrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS DATE)",
234            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
235            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EPOCH(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS TIMESTAMP))",
236            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: f"STRFTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
237            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("EPOCH"),
238            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS TEXT), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
239            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
240            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("duckdb"),
241            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self, e: f"STRFTIME(TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
242            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
243            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self, e: f"CAST(TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS TEXT)",
244            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
245        }
246
247        TYPE_MAPPING = {
248            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
249            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BLOB",
250            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "TEXT",
251            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
252            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "TEXT",
253            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "TEXT",
254            exp.DataType.Type.UINT: "UINTEGER",
255            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BLOB",
256            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "TEXT",
257        }
258
259        STAR_MAPPING = {**generator.Generator.STAR_MAPPING, "except": "EXCLUDE"}
260
261        UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES = (exp.Column, exp.Literal, exp.Paren)
262
263        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
264            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
265            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
266        }
267
268        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
269            multiplier: t.Optional[int] = None
270            unit = expression.text("unit").lower()
271
272            if unit.startswith("week"):
273                multiplier = 7
274            if unit.startswith("quarter"):
275                multiplier = 90
276
277            if multiplier:
278                return f"({multiplier} * {super().interval_sql(exp.Interval(this=expression.this, unit=exp.var('day')))})"
279
280            return super().interval_sql(expression)
281
282        def tablesample_sql(
283            self, expression: exp.TableSample, seed_prefix: str = "SEED", sep: str = " AS "
284        ) -> str:
285            return super().tablesample_sql(expression, seed_prefix="REPEATABLE", sep=sep)

class DuckDB(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

 98class DuckDB(Dialect):
 99    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
100
101    # https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/introduction.html#creating-a-new-table
102    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
103
104    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
105        KEYWORDS = {
106            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
107            "~": TokenType.RLIKE,
108            ":=": TokenType.EQ,
109            "//": TokenType.DIV,
110            "ATTACH": TokenType.COMMAND,
111            "BINARY": TokenType.VARBINARY,
112            "BPCHAR": TokenType.TEXT,
113            "BITSTRING": TokenType.BIT,
114            "CHAR": TokenType.TEXT,
115            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.TEXT,
116            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
117            "INT1": TokenType.TINYINT,
118            "LOGICAL": TokenType.BOOLEAN,
119            "NUMERIC": TokenType.DOUBLE,
120            "PIVOT_WIDER": TokenType.PIVOT,
121            "SIGNED": TokenType.INT,
122            "STRING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
123            "UBIGINT": TokenType.UBIGINT,
124            "UINTEGER": TokenType.UINT,
125            "USMALLINT": TokenType.USMALLINT,
126            "UTINYINT": TokenType.UTINYINT,
127        }
128
129    class Parser(parser.Parser):
130        CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING = True
131
132        FUNCTIONS = {
133            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
134            "ARRAY_LENGTH": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
135            "ARRAY_SORT": exp.SortArray.from_arg_list,
136            "ARRAY_REVERSE_SORT": _sort_array_reverse,
137            "DATEDIFF": _parse_date_diff,
138            "DATE_DIFF": _parse_date_diff,
139            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
140            "DATETRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
141            "EPOCH": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
142            "EPOCH_MS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
143                this=exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(1000))
144            ),
145            "LIST_REVERSE_SORT": _sort_array_reverse,
146            "LIST_SORT": exp.SortArray.from_arg_list,
147            "LIST_VALUE": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
148            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
149                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
150            ),
151            "REGEXP_MATCHES": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
152            "STRFTIME": format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, "duckdb"),
153            "STRING_SPLIT": exp.Split.from_arg_list,
154            "STRING_SPLIT_REGEX": exp.RegexpSplit.from_arg_list,
155            "STRING_TO_ARRAY": exp.Split.from_arg_list,
156            "STRPTIME": format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "duckdb"),
157            "STRUCT_PACK": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
158            "STR_SPLIT": exp.Split.from_arg_list,
159            "STR_SPLIT_REGEX": exp.RegexpSplit.from_arg_list,
160            "TO_TIMESTAMP": exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list,
161            "UNNEST": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
162        }
163
164        TYPE_TOKENS = {
165            *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS,
166            TokenType.UBIGINT,
167            TokenType.UINT,
168            TokenType.USMALLINT,
169            TokenType.UTINYINT,
170        }
171
172        def _pivot_column_names(self, aggregations: t.List[exp.Expression]) -> t.List[str]:
173            if len(aggregations) == 1:
174                return super()._pivot_column_names(aggregations)
175            return pivot_column_names(aggregations, dialect="duckdb")
176
177    class Generator(generator.Generator):
178        JOIN_HINTS = False
179        TABLE_HINTS = False
180        QUERY_HINTS = False
181        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
182        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
183        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
184
185        TRANSFORMS = {
186            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
187            exp.ApproxDistinct: approx_count_distinct_sql,
188            exp.Array: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY", e.expressions[0])
189            if e.expressions and e.expressions[0].find(exp.Select)
190            else rename_func("LIST_VALUE")(self, e),
191            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
192            exp.ArraySort: _array_sort_sql,
193            exp.ArraySum: rename_func("LIST_SUM"),
194            exp.CommentColumnConstraint: no_comment_column_constraint_sql,
195            exp.CurrentDate: lambda self, e: "CURRENT_DATE",
196            exp.CurrentTime: lambda self, e: "CURRENT_TIME",
197            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda self, e: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
198            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
199            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
200            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
201            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
202            exp.Date: _date_sql,
203            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql,
204            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("MAKE_DATE"),
205            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql,
206            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
207                "DATE_DIFF", f"'{e.args.get('unit', 'day')}'", e.expression, e.this
208            ),
209            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
210            exp.DateToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(STRFTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {DuckDB.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
211            exp.DiToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST(STRPTIME(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS TEXT), {DuckDB.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
212            exp.Explode: rename_func("UNNEST"),
213            exp.IntDiv: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "//"),
214            exp.JSONExtract: arrow_json_extract_sql,
215            exp.JSONExtractScalar: arrow_json_extract_scalar_sql,
216            exp.JSONFormat: _json_format_sql,
217            exp.JSONBExtract: arrow_json_extract_sql,
218            exp.JSONBExtractScalar: arrow_json_extract_scalar_sql,
219            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
220            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
221            exp.Properties: no_properties_sql,
222            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
223            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_MATCHES"),
224            exp.RegexpSplit: rename_func("STR_SPLIT_REGEX"),
225            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
226            exp.Split: rename_func("STR_SPLIT"),
227            exp.SortArray: _sort_array_sql,
228            exp.StrPosition: str_position_sql,
229            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
230            exp.StrToTime: str_to_time_sql,
231            exp.StrToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EPOCH(STRPTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)}))",
232            exp.Struct: _struct_sql,
233            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
234            exp.TimeStrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS DATE)",
235            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
236            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EPOCH(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS TIMESTAMP))",
237            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: f"STRFTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
238            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("EPOCH"),
239            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS TEXT), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
240            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
241            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("duckdb"),
242            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self, e: f"STRFTIME(TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
243            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
244            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self, e: f"CAST(TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS TEXT)",
245            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
246        }
247
248        TYPE_MAPPING = {
249            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
250            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BLOB",
251            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "TEXT",
252            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
253            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "TEXT",
254            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "TEXT",
255            exp.DataType.Type.UINT: "UINTEGER",
256            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BLOB",
257            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "TEXT",
258        }
259
260        STAR_MAPPING = {**generator.Generator.STAR_MAPPING, "except": "EXCLUDE"}
261
262        UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES = (exp.Column, exp.Literal, exp.Paren)
263
264        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
265            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
266            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
267        }
268
269        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
270            multiplier: t.Optional[int] = None
271            unit = expression.text("unit").lower()
272
273            if unit.startswith("week"):
274                multiplier = 7
275            if unit.startswith("quarter"):
276                multiplier = 90
277
278            if multiplier:
279                return f"({multiplier} * {super().interval_sql(exp.Interval(this=expression.this, unit=exp.var('day')))})"
280
281            return super().interval_sql(expression)
282
283        def tablesample_sql(
284            self, expression: exp.TableSample, seed_prefix: str = "SEED", sep: str = " AS "
285        ) -> str:
286            return super().tablesample_sql(expression, seed_prefix="REPEATABLE", sep=sep)

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE: Optional[bool] = None

tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.duckdb.DuckDB.Tokenizer'>

parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.duckdb.DuckDB.Parser'>

generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.duckdb.DuckDB.Generator'>

TIME_TRIE: Dict = {}

FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}

INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}

INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {}

QUOTE_START = "'"

QUOTE_END = "'"

IDENTIFIER_START = '"'

IDENTIFIER_END = '"'

BIT_START = None

BIT_END = None

HEX_START = None

HEX_END = None

BYTE_START = None

BYTE_END = None

Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect: INDEX_OFFSET; UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY; ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE; IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT; STRICT_STRING_CONCAT; NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS; DATE_FORMAT; DATEINT_FORMAT; TIME_FORMAT; TIME_MAPPING; FORMAT_MAPPING; get_or_raise; format_time; normalize_identifier; case_sensitive; can_identify; quote_identifier; parse; parse_into; generate; transpile; tokenize; tokenizer; parser; generator

class DuckDB.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

104    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
105        KEYWORDS = {
106            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
107            "~": TokenType.RLIKE,
108            ":=": TokenType.EQ,
109            "//": TokenType.DIV,
110            "ATTACH": TokenType.COMMAND,
111            "BINARY": TokenType.VARBINARY,
112            "BPCHAR": TokenType.TEXT,
113            "BITSTRING": TokenType.BIT,
114            "CHAR": TokenType.TEXT,
115            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.TEXT,
116            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
117            "INT1": TokenType.TINYINT,
118            "LOGICAL": TokenType.BOOLEAN,
119            "NUMERIC": TokenType.DOUBLE,
120            "PIVOT_WIDER": TokenType.PIVOT,
121            "SIGNED": TokenType.INT,
122            "STRING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
123            "UBIGINT": TokenType.UBIGINT,
124            "UINTEGER": TokenType.UINT,
125            "USMALLINT": TokenType.USMALLINT,
126            "UTINYINT": TokenType.UTINYINT,
127        }

KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'IF': <TokenType.IF: 'IF'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NEXT VALUE FOR': <TokenType.NEXT_VALUE_FOR: 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, '~': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, ':=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '//': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'ATTACH': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BITSTRING': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'LOGICAL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'PIVOT_WIDER': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'SIGNED': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'UBIGINT': <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, 'UINTEGER': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'USMALLINT': <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, 'UTINYINT': <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>}

Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer: SINGLE_TOKENS; BIT_STRINGS; BYTE_STRINGS; HEX_STRINGS; RAW_STRINGS; IDENTIFIERS; IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES; QUOTES; STRING_ESCAPES; VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS; IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT; WHITE_SPACE; COMMANDS; COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS; NUMERIC_LITERALS; ENCODE; COMMENTS; reset; tokenize; peek; size; sql; tokens

class DuckDB.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

129    class Parser(parser.Parser):
130        CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING = True
131
132        FUNCTIONS = {
133            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
134            "ARRAY_LENGTH": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
135            "ARRAY_SORT": exp.SortArray.from_arg_list,
136            "ARRAY_REVERSE_SORT": _sort_array_reverse,
137            "DATEDIFF": _parse_date_diff,
138            "DATE_DIFF": _parse_date_diff,
139            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
140            "DATETRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
141            "EPOCH": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
142            "EPOCH_MS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
143                this=exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(1000))
144            ),
145            "LIST_REVERSE_SORT": _sort_array_reverse,
146            "LIST_SORT": exp.SortArray.from_arg_list,
147            "LIST_VALUE": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
148            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
149                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
150            ),
151            "REGEXP_MATCHES": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
152            "STRFTIME": format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, "duckdb"),
153            "STRING_SPLIT": exp.Split.from_arg_list,
154            "STRING_SPLIT_REGEX": exp.RegexpSplit.from_arg_list,
155            "STRING_TO_ARRAY": exp.Split.from_arg_list,
156            "STRPTIME": format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "duckdb"),
157            "STRUCT_PACK": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
158            "STR_SPLIT": exp.Split.from_arg_list,
159            "STR_SPLIT_REGEX": exp.RegexpSplit.from_arg_list,
160            "TO_TIMESTAMP": exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list,
161            "UNNEST": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
162        }
163
164        TYPE_TOKENS = {
165            *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS,
166            TokenType.UBIGINT,
167            TokenType.UINT,
168            TokenType.USMALLINT,
169            TokenType.UTINYINT,
170        }
171
172        def _pivot_column_names(self, aggregations: t.List[exp.Expression]) -> t.List[str]:
173            if len(aggregations) == 1:
174                return super()._pivot_column_names(aggregations)
175            return pivot_column_names(aggregations, dialect="duckdb")

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:

error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING = True

FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _parse_date_diff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <function _parse_date_diff>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function DuckDB.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeConcat'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_REVERSE_SORT': <function _sort_array_reverse>, 'DATETRUNC': <function date_trunc_to_time>, 'EPOCH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'EPOCH_MS': <function DuckDB.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIST_REVERSE_SORT': <function _sort_array_reverse>, 'LIST_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'LIST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'REGEXP_MATCHES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'STRFTIME': <function format_time_lambda.<locals>._format_time>, 'STRING_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'STRING_SPLIT_REGEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'STRPTIME': <function format_time_lambda.<locals>._format_time>, 'STRUCT_PACK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STR_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'STR_SPLIT_REGEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNNEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>}

TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>}

NULL_ORDERING: str = 'nulls_are_last'

SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}

SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}

TIME_TRIE: Dict = {}

Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser: Parser; NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS; NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS; ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS; SUBQUERY_PREDICATES; RESERVED_KEYWORDS; DB_CREATABLES; CREATABLES; ID_VAR_TOKENS; INTERVAL_VARS; TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS; COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS; UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS; TRIM_TYPES; FUNC_TOKENS; CONJUNCTION; EQUALITY; COMPARISON; BITWISE; TERM; FACTOR; TIMESTAMPS; SET_OPERATIONS; JOIN_METHODS; JOIN_SIDES; JOIN_KINDS; JOIN_HINTS; LAMBDAS; COLUMN_OPERATORS; EXPRESSION_PARSERS; STATEMENT_PARSERS; UNARY_PARSERS; PRIMARY_PARSERS; PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS; RANGE_PARSERS; PROPERTY_PARSERS; CONSTRAINT_PARSERS; ALTER_PARSERS; SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS; NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS; FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS; FUNCTION_PARSERS; QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS; SET_PARSERS; SHOW_PARSERS; TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS; MODIFIABLES; DDL_SELECT_TOKENS; PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS; TRANSACTION_KIND; TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS; INSERT_ALTERNATIVES; CLONE_KINDS; TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS; WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS; WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS; WINDOW_SIDES; ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS; STRICT_CAST; PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS; IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS; LOG_BASE_FIRST; LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN; INDEX_OFFSET; UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY; ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE; STRICT_STRING_CONCAT; FORMAT_MAPPING; TIME_MAPPING; error_level; error_message_context; max_errors; reset; parse; parse_into; check_errors; raise_error; expression; validate_expression; errors; sql

class DuckDB.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

177    class Generator(generator.Generator):
178        JOIN_HINTS = False
179        TABLE_HINTS = False
180        QUERY_HINTS = False
181        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
182        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
183        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
184
185        TRANSFORMS = {
186            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
187            exp.ApproxDistinct: approx_count_distinct_sql,
188            exp.Array: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY", e.expressions[0])
189            if e.expressions and e.expressions[0].find(exp.Select)
190            else rename_func("LIST_VALUE")(self, e),
191            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
192            exp.ArraySort: _array_sort_sql,
193            exp.ArraySum: rename_func("LIST_SUM"),
194            exp.CommentColumnConstraint: no_comment_column_constraint_sql,
195            exp.CurrentDate: lambda self, e: "CURRENT_DATE",
196            exp.CurrentTime: lambda self, e: "CURRENT_TIME",
197            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda self, e: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
198            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
199            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
200            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
201            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
202            exp.Date: _date_sql,
203            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql,
204            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("MAKE_DATE"),
205            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql,
206            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
207                "DATE_DIFF", f"'{e.args.get('unit', 'day')}'", e.expression, e.this
208            ),
209            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
210            exp.DateToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(STRFTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {DuckDB.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
211            exp.DiToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST(STRPTIME(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS TEXT), {DuckDB.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
212            exp.Explode: rename_func("UNNEST"),
213            exp.IntDiv: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "//"),
214            exp.JSONExtract: arrow_json_extract_sql,
215            exp.JSONExtractScalar: arrow_json_extract_scalar_sql,
216            exp.JSONFormat: _json_format_sql,
217            exp.JSONBExtract: arrow_json_extract_sql,
218            exp.JSONBExtractScalar: arrow_json_extract_scalar_sql,
219            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
220            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
221            exp.Properties: no_properties_sql,
222            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
223            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_MATCHES"),
224            exp.RegexpSplit: rename_func("STR_SPLIT_REGEX"),
225            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
226            exp.Split: rename_func("STR_SPLIT"),
227            exp.SortArray: _sort_array_sql,
228            exp.StrPosition: str_position_sql,
229            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
230            exp.StrToTime: str_to_time_sql,
231            exp.StrToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EPOCH(STRPTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)}))",
232            exp.Struct: _struct_sql,
233            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
234            exp.TimeStrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS DATE)",
235            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
236            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EPOCH(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS TIMESTAMP))",
237            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: f"STRFTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
238            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("EPOCH"),
239            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS TEXT), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
240            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
241            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("duckdb"),
242            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self, e: f"STRFTIME(TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
243            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
244            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self, e: f"CAST(TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS TEXT)",
245            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
246        }
247
248        TYPE_MAPPING = {
249            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
250            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BLOB",
251            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "TEXT",
252            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
253            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "TEXT",
254            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "TEXT",
255            exp.DataType.Type.UINT: "UINTEGER",
256            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BLOB",
257            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "TEXT",
258        }
259
260        STAR_MAPPING = {**generator.Generator.STAR_MAPPING, "except": "EXCLUDE"}
261
262        UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES = (exp.Column, exp.Literal, exp.Paren)
263
264        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
265            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
266            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
267        }
268
269        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
270            multiplier: t.Optional[int] = None
271            unit = expression.text("unit").lower()
272
273            if unit.startswith("week"):
274                multiplier = 7
275            if unit.startswith("quarter"):
276                multiplier = 90
277
278            if multiplier:
279                return f"({multiplier} * {super().interval_sql(exp.Interval(this=expression.this, unit=exp.var('day')))})"
280
281            return super().interval_sql(expression)
282
283        def tablesample_sql(
284            self, expression: exp.TableSample, seed_prefix: str = "SEED", sep: str = " AS "
285        ) -> str:
286            return super().tablesample_sql(expression, seed_prefix="REPEATABLE", sep=sep)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:

pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

JOIN_HINTS = False

TABLE_HINTS = False

QUERY_HINTS = False

LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'

STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')

RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False

TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function no_comment_column_constraint_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function approx_count_distinct_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function DuckDB.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>: <function _array_sort_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function DuckDB.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function DuckDB.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function DuckDB.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function _datatype_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>: <function _date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function DuckDB.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function DuckDB.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function DuckDB.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function DuckDB.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function arrow_json_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function arrow_json_extract_scalar_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function _json_format_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>: <function arrow_json_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>: <function arrow_json_extract_scalar_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Properties'>: <function no_properties_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function no_safe_divide_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function _sort_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function str_position_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function DuckDB.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>: <function DuckDB.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function _struct_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function DuckDB.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function DuckDB.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function DuckDB.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function DuckDB.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function ts_or_ds_to_date_sql.<locals>._ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function DuckDB.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function DuckDB.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}

TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'TEXT', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BLOB', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'TEXT', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.UINT: 'UINT'>: 'UINTEGER', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BLOB', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'TEXT'}

STAR_MAPPING = {'except': 'EXCLUDE', 'replace': 'REPLACE'}

UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES = (<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Column'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Literal'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Paren'>)

PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>}

def interval_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Interval) -> str: View Source

269        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
270            multiplier: t.Optional[int] = None
271            unit = expression.text("unit").lower()
272
273            if unit.startswith("week"):
274                multiplier = 7
275            if unit.startswith("quarter"):
276                multiplier = 90
277
278            if multiplier:
279                return f"({multiplier} * {super().interval_sql(exp.Interval(this=expression.this, unit=exp.var('day')))})"
280
281            return super().interval_sql(expression)

def tablesample_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TableSample, seed_prefix: str = 'SEED', sep: str = ' AS ') -> str: View Source

283        def tablesample_sql(
284            self, expression: exp.TableSample, seed_prefix: str = "SEED", sep: str = " AS "
285        ) -> str:
286            return super().tablesample_sql(expression, seed_prefix="REPEATABLE", sep=sep)

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()

INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}

INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {}

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

@classmethod

def can_identify(text: str, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool: View Source

246    @classmethod
247    def can_identify(cls, text: str, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
248        """Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.
249
250        Args:
251            text: The text to check.
252            identify:
253                "always" or `True`: Always returns true.
254                "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
255
256        Returns:
257            Whether or not the given text can be identified.
258        """
259        if identify is True or identify == "always":
260            return True
261
262        if identify == "safe":
263            return not cls.case_sensitive(text)
264
265        return False

Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.

Arguments:

text: The text to check.
identify: "always" or True: Always returns true. "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.

Returns:

Whether or not the given text can be identified.

QUOTE_START = "'"

QUOTE_END = "'"

IDENTIFIER_START = '"'

IDENTIFIER_END = '"'

STRING_ESCAPE = "'"

IDENTIFIER_ESCAPE = '"'

BIT_START: Optional[str] = None

BIT_END: Optional[str] = None

HEX_START: Optional[str] = None

HEX_END: Optional[str] = None

BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None

BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None

Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator: Generator; NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED; LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED; EXPLICIT_UNION; WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES; CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS; MATCHED_BY_SOURCE; SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL; INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM; TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD; TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT; GROUPINGS_SEP; INDEX_ON; QUERY_HINT_SEP; IS_BOOL_ALLOWED; DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET; LIMIT_IS_TOP; RETURNING_END; COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED; TIME_PART_SINGULARS; TOKEN_MAPPING; PARAMETER_TOKEN; RESERVED_KEYWORDS; WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS; SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK; INDEX_OFFSET; UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY; ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE; IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT; STRICT_STRING_CONCAT; NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS; ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK; pretty; identify; normalize; pad; unsupported_level; max_unsupported; leading_comma; max_text_width; comments; normalize_functions; unsupported_messages; generate; unsupported; sep; seg; pad_comment; maybe_comment; wrap; no_identify; normalize_func; indent; sql; uncache_sql; cache_sql; characterset_sql; column_sql; columnposition_sql; columndef_sql; columnconstraint_sql; autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql; compresscolumnconstraint_sql; generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql; notnullcolumnconstraint_sql; primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql; uniquecolumnconstraint_sql; createable_sql; create_sql; clone_sql; describe_sql; prepend_ctes; with_sql; cte_sql; tablealias_sql; bitstring_sql; hexstring_sql; bytestring_sql; rawstring_sql; datatypesize_sql; datatype_sql; directory_sql; delete_sql; drop_sql; except_sql; except_op; fetch_sql; filter_sql; hint_sql; index_sql; identifier_sql; inputoutputformat_sql; national_sql; partition_sql; properties_sql; root_properties; properties; with_properties; locate_properties; property_sql; likeproperty_sql; fallbackproperty_sql; journalproperty_sql; freespaceproperty_sql; checksumproperty_sql; mergeblockratioproperty_sql; datablocksizeproperty_sql; blockcompressionproperty_sql; isolatedloadingproperty_sql; lockingproperty_sql; withdataproperty_sql; insert_sql; intersect_sql; intersect_op; introducer_sql; pseudotype_sql; onconflict_sql; returning_sql; rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql; withtablehint_sql; indextablehint_sql; table_sql; pivot_sql; tuple_sql; update_sql; values_sql; var_sql; into_sql; from_sql; group_sql; having_sql; join_sql; lambda_sql; lateral_sql; limit_sql; offset_sql; setitem_sql; set_sql; pragma_sql; lock_sql; literal_sql; escape_str; loaddata_sql; null_sql; boolean_sql; order_sql; cluster_sql; distribute_sql; sort_sql; ordered_sql; matchrecognize_sql; query_modifiers; offset_limit_modifiers; after_having_modifiers; after_limit_modifiers; select_sql; schema_sql; schema_columns_sql; star_sql; parameter_sql; sessionparameter_sql; placeholder_sql; subquery_sql; qualify_sql; union_sql; union_op; unnest_sql; where_sql; window_sql; partition_by_sql; windowspec_sql; withingroup_sql; between_sql; bracket_sql; safebracket_sql; all_sql; any_sql; exists_sql; case_sql; constraint_sql; nextvaluefor_sql; extract_sql; trim_sql; safeconcat_sql; check_sql; foreignkey_sql; primarykey_sql; if_sql; matchagainst_sql; jsonkeyvalue_sql; jsonobject_sql; openjsoncolumndef_sql; openjson_sql; in_sql; in_unnest_op; return_sql; reference_sql; anonymous_sql; paren_sql; neg_sql; not_sql; alias_sql; aliases_sql; attimezone_sql; add_sql; and_sql; xor_sql; connector_sql; bitwiseand_sql; bitwiseleftshift_sql; bitwisenot_sql; bitwiseor_sql; bitwiserightshift_sql; bitwisexor_sql; cast_sql; currentdate_sql; collate_sql; command_sql; comment_sql; mergetreettlaction_sql; mergetreettl_sql; transaction_sql; commit_sql; rollback_sql; altercolumn_sql; renametable_sql; altertable_sql; droppartition_sql; addconstraint_sql; distinct_sql; ignorenulls_sql; respectnulls_sql; intdiv_sql; dpipe_sql; safedpipe_sql; div_sql; overlaps_sql; distance_sql; dot_sql; eq_sql; escape_sql; glob_sql; gt_sql; gte_sql; ilike_sql; ilikeany_sql; is_sql; like_sql; likeany_sql; similarto_sql; lt_sql; lte_sql; mod_sql; mul_sql; neq_sql; nullsafeeq_sql; nullsafeneq_sql; or_sql; slice_sql; sub_sql; trycast_sql; use_sql; binary; function_fallback_sql; func; format_args; text_width; format_time; expressions; op_expressions; naked_property; set_operation; tag_sql; token_sql; userdefinedfunction_sql; joinhint_sql; kwarg_sql; when_sql; merge_sql; tochar_sql; dictproperty_sql; dictrange_sql; dictsubproperty_sql; oncluster_sql; clusteredbyproperty_sql; anyvalue_sql