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sqlglot.dialects.oracle

  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import typing as t
  4
  5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
  6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import Dialect, no_ilike_sql, rename_func, trim_sql
  7from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
  8from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
  9
 10if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
 11    from sqlglot._typing import E
 12
 13
 14def _parse_xml_table(self: Oracle.Parser) -> exp.XMLTable:
 15    this = self._parse_string()
 16
 17    passing = None
 18    columns = None
 19
 20    if self._match_text_seq("PASSING"):
 21        # The BY VALUE keywords are optional and are provided for semantic clarity
 22        self._match_text_seq("BY", "VALUE")
 23        passing = self._parse_csv(self._parse_column)
 24
 25    by_ref = self._match_text_seq("RETURNING", "SEQUENCE", "BY", "REF")
 26
 27    if self._match_text_seq("COLUMNS"):
 28        columns = self._parse_csv(self._parse_field_def)
 29
 30    return self.expression(exp.XMLTable, this=this, passing=passing, columns=columns, by_ref=by_ref)
 31
 32
 33class Oracle(Dialect):
 34    ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
 35
 36    # See section 8: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/A97630_01/server.920/a96540/sql_elements9a.htm
 37    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = True
 38
 39    # https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/SQLRF/sql_elements004.htm#SQLRF00212
 40    # https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-format-codes
 41    TIME_MAPPING = {
 42        "AM": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
 43        "A.M.": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
 44        "PM": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
 45        "P.M.": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
 46        "D": "%u",  # Day of week (1-7)
 47        "DAY": "%A",  # name of day
 48        "DD": "%d",  # day of month (1-31)
 49        "DDD": "%j",  # day of year (1-366)
 50        "DY": "%a",  # abbreviated name of day
 51        "HH": "%I",  # Hour of day (1-12)
 52        "HH12": "%I",  # alias for HH
 53        "HH24": "%H",  # Hour of day (0-23)
 54        "IW": "%V",  # Calendar week of year (1-52 or 1-53), as defined by the ISO 8601 standard
 55        "MI": "%M",  # Minute (0-59)
 56        "MM": "%m",  # Month (01-12; January = 01)
 57        "MON": "%b",  # Abbreviated name of month
 58        "MONTH": "%B",  # Name of month
 59        "SS": "%S",  # Second (0-59)
 60        "WW": "%W",  # Week of year (1-53)
 61        "YY": "%y",  # 15
 62        "YYYY": "%Y",  # 2015
 63    }
 64
 65    class Parser(parser.Parser):
 66        WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS = {TokenType.OVER, TokenType.KEEP}
 67
 68        FUNCTIONS = {
 69            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
 70            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
 71        }
 72
 73        FUNCTION_PARSERS: t.Dict[str, t.Callable] = {
 74            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
 75            "JSON_ARRAY": lambda self: self._parse_json_array(
 76                exp.JSONArray,
 77                expressions=self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise())),
 78            ),
 79            "JSON_ARRAYAGG": lambda self: self._parse_json_array(
 80                exp.JSONArrayAgg,
 81                this=self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise()),
 82                order=self._parse_order(),
 83            ),
 84            "JSON_TABLE": lambda self: self._parse_json_table(),
 85            "XMLTABLE": _parse_xml_table,
 86        }
 87
 88        TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS = {
 89            exp.DataType.Type.DATE: lambda self, this, _: self.expression(
 90                exp.DateStrToDate, this=this
 91            )
 92        }
 93
 94        # SELECT UNIQUE .. is old-style Oracle syntax for SELECT DISTINCT ..
 95        # Reference: https://stackoverflow.com/a/336455
 96        DISTINCT_TOKENS = {TokenType.DISTINCT, TokenType.UNIQUE}
 97
 98        # Note: this is currently incomplete; it only implements the "JSON_value_column" part
 99        def _parse_json_column_def(self) -> exp.JSONColumnDef:
100            this = self._parse_id_var()
101            kind = self._parse_types(allow_identifiers=False)
102            path = self._match_text_seq("PATH") and self._parse_string()
103            return self.expression(exp.JSONColumnDef, this=this, kind=kind, path=path)
104
105        def _parse_json_table(self) -> exp.JSONTable:
106            this = self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise())
107            path = self._match(TokenType.COMMA) and self._parse_string()
108            error_handling = self._parse_on_handling("ERROR", "ERROR", "NULL")
109            empty_handling = self._parse_on_handling("EMPTY", "ERROR", "NULL")
110            self._match(TokenType.COLUMN)
111            expressions = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_json_column_def, optional=True)
112
113            return exp.JSONTable(
114                this=this,
115                expressions=expressions,
116                path=path,
117                error_handling=error_handling,
118                empty_handling=empty_handling,
119            )
120
121        def _parse_json_array(self, expr_type: t.Type[E], **kwargs) -> E:
122            return self.expression(
123                expr_type,
124                null_handling=self._parse_on_handling("NULL", "NULL", "ABSENT"),
125                return_type=self._match_text_seq("RETURNING") and self._parse_type(),
126                strict=self._match_text_seq("STRICT"),
127                **kwargs,
128            )
129
130        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
131            column = super()._parse_column()
132            if column:
133                column.set("join_mark", self._match(TokenType.JOIN_MARKER))
134            return column
135
136        def _parse_hint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Hint]:
137            if self._match(TokenType.HINT):
138                start = self._curr
139                while self._curr and not self._match_pair(TokenType.STAR, TokenType.SLASH):
140                    self._advance()
141
142                if not self._curr:
143                    self.raise_error("Expected */ after HINT")
144
145                end = self._tokens[self._index - 3]
146                return exp.Hint(expressions=[self._find_sql(start, end)])
147
148            return None
149
150    class Generator(generator.Generator):
151        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
152        JOIN_HINTS = False
153        TABLE_HINTS = False
154        COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED = True
155
156        LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH"
157
158        TYPE_MAPPING = {
159            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
160            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "NUMBER",
161            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "NUMBER",
162            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "NUMBER",
163            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "NUMBER",
164            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMBER",
165            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "DOUBLE PRECISION",
166            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "VARCHAR2",
167            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "NVARCHAR2",
168            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "NCHAR",
169            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "CLOB",
170            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BLOB",
171            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BLOB",
172        }
173
174        TRANSFORMS = {
175            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
176            exp.DateStrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
177                "TO_DATE", e.this, exp.Literal.string("YYYY-MM-DD")
178            ),
179            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
180            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
181            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess([transforms.eliminate_distinct_on]),
182            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
183            exp.Subquery: lambda self, e: self.subquery_sql(e, sep=" "),
184            exp.Substring: rename_func("SUBSTR"),
185            exp.Table: lambda self, e: self.table_sql(e, sep=" "),
186            exp.TableSample: lambda self, e: self.tablesample_sql(e, sep=" "),
187            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: f"TO_CHAR({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
188            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
189            exp.Trim: trim_sql,
190            exp.UnixToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_DATE('1970-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD') + ({self.sql(e, 'this')} / 86400)",
191        }
192
193        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
194            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
195            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
196        }
197
198        def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str:
199            return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS"
200
201        def xmltable_sql(self, expression: exp.XMLTable) -> str:
202            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
203            passing = self.expressions(expression, key="passing")
204            passing = f"{self.sep()}PASSING{self.seg(passing)}" if passing else ""
205            columns = self.expressions(expression, key="columns")
206            columns = f"{self.sep()}COLUMNS{self.seg(columns)}" if columns else ""
207            by_ref = (
208                f"{self.sep()}RETURNING SEQUENCE BY REF" if expression.args.get("by_ref") else ""
209            )
210            return f"XMLTABLE({self.sep('')}{self.indent(this + passing + by_ref + columns)}{self.seg(')', sep='')}"
211
212    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
213        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"}
214
215        KEYWORDS = {
216            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
217            "(+)": TokenType.JOIN_MARKER,
218            "BINARY_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
219            "BINARY_FLOAT": TokenType.FLOAT,
220            "COLUMNS": TokenType.COLUMN,
221            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
222            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
223            "NVARCHAR2": TokenType.NVARCHAR,
224            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
225            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
226            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
227            "VARCHAR2": TokenType.VARCHAR,
228        }
class Oracle(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
 34class Oracle(Dialect):
 35    ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
 36
 37    # See section 8: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/A97630_01/server.920/a96540/sql_elements9a.htm
 38    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = True
 39
 40    # https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/SQLRF/sql_elements004.htm#SQLRF00212
 41    # https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-format-codes
 42    TIME_MAPPING = {
 43        "AM": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
 44        "A.M.": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
 45        "PM": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
 46        "P.M.": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
 47        "D": "%u",  # Day of week (1-7)
 48        "DAY": "%A",  # name of day
 49        "DD": "%d",  # day of month (1-31)
 50        "DDD": "%j",  # day of year (1-366)
 51        "DY": "%a",  # abbreviated name of day
 52        "HH": "%I",  # Hour of day (1-12)
 53        "HH12": "%I",  # alias for HH
 54        "HH24": "%H",  # Hour of day (0-23)
 55        "IW": "%V",  # Calendar week of year (1-52 or 1-53), as defined by the ISO 8601 standard
 56        "MI": "%M",  # Minute (0-59)
 57        "MM": "%m",  # Month (01-12; January = 01)
 58        "MON": "%b",  # Abbreviated name of month
 59        "MONTH": "%B",  # Name of month
 60        "SS": "%S",  # Second (0-59)
 61        "WW": "%W",  # Week of year (1-53)
 62        "YY": "%y",  # 15
 63        "YYYY": "%Y",  # 2015
 64    }
 65
 66    class Parser(parser.Parser):
 67        WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS = {TokenType.OVER, TokenType.KEEP}
 68
 69        FUNCTIONS = {
 70            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
 71            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
 72        }
 73
 74        FUNCTION_PARSERS: t.Dict[str, t.Callable] = {
 75            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
 76            "JSON_ARRAY": lambda self: self._parse_json_array(
 77                exp.JSONArray,
 78                expressions=self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise())),
 79            ),
 80            "JSON_ARRAYAGG": lambda self: self._parse_json_array(
 81                exp.JSONArrayAgg,
 82                this=self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise()),
 83                order=self._parse_order(),
 84            ),
 85            "JSON_TABLE": lambda self: self._parse_json_table(),
 86            "XMLTABLE": _parse_xml_table,
 87        }
 88
 89        TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS = {
 90            exp.DataType.Type.DATE: lambda self, this, _: self.expression(
 91                exp.DateStrToDate, this=this
 92            )
 93        }
 94
 95        # SELECT UNIQUE .. is old-style Oracle syntax for SELECT DISTINCT ..
 96        # Reference: https://stackoverflow.com/a/336455
 97        DISTINCT_TOKENS = {TokenType.DISTINCT, TokenType.UNIQUE}
 98
 99        # Note: this is currently incomplete; it only implements the "JSON_value_column" part
100        def _parse_json_column_def(self) -> exp.JSONColumnDef:
101            this = self._parse_id_var()
102            kind = self._parse_types(allow_identifiers=False)
103            path = self._match_text_seq("PATH") and self._parse_string()
104            return self.expression(exp.JSONColumnDef, this=this, kind=kind, path=path)
105
106        def _parse_json_table(self) -> exp.JSONTable:
107            this = self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise())
108            path = self._match(TokenType.COMMA) and self._parse_string()
109            error_handling = self._parse_on_handling("ERROR", "ERROR", "NULL")
110            empty_handling = self._parse_on_handling("EMPTY", "ERROR", "NULL")
111            self._match(TokenType.COLUMN)
112            expressions = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_json_column_def, optional=True)
113
114            return exp.JSONTable(
115                this=this,
116                expressions=expressions,
117                path=path,
118                error_handling=error_handling,
119                empty_handling=empty_handling,
120            )
121
122        def _parse_json_array(self, expr_type: t.Type[E], **kwargs) -> E:
123            return self.expression(
124                expr_type,
125                null_handling=self._parse_on_handling("NULL", "NULL", "ABSENT"),
126                return_type=self._match_text_seq("RETURNING") and self._parse_type(),
127                strict=self._match_text_seq("STRICT"),
128                **kwargs,
129            )
130
131        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
132            column = super()._parse_column()
133            if column:
134                column.set("join_mark", self._match(TokenType.JOIN_MARKER))
135            return column
136
137        def _parse_hint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Hint]:
138            if self._match(TokenType.HINT):
139                start = self._curr
140                while self._curr and not self._match_pair(TokenType.STAR, TokenType.SLASH):
141                    self._advance()
142
143                if not self._curr:
144                    self.raise_error("Expected */ after HINT")
145
146                end = self._tokens[self._index - 3]
147                return exp.Hint(expressions=[self._find_sql(start, end)])
148
149            return None
150
151    class Generator(generator.Generator):
152        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
153        JOIN_HINTS = False
154        TABLE_HINTS = False
155        COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED = True
156
157        LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH"
158
159        TYPE_MAPPING = {
160            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
161            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "NUMBER",
162            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "NUMBER",
163            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "NUMBER",
164            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "NUMBER",
165            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMBER",
166            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "DOUBLE PRECISION",
167            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "VARCHAR2",
168            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "NVARCHAR2",
169            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "NCHAR",
170            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "CLOB",
171            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BLOB",
172            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BLOB",
173        }
174
175        TRANSFORMS = {
176            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
177            exp.DateStrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
178                "TO_DATE", e.this, exp.Literal.string("YYYY-MM-DD")
179            ),
180            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
181            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
182            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess([transforms.eliminate_distinct_on]),
183            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
184            exp.Subquery: lambda self, e: self.subquery_sql(e, sep=" "),
185            exp.Substring: rename_func("SUBSTR"),
186            exp.Table: lambda self, e: self.table_sql(e, sep=" "),
187            exp.TableSample: lambda self, e: self.tablesample_sql(e, sep=" "),
188            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: f"TO_CHAR({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
189            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
190            exp.Trim: trim_sql,
191            exp.UnixToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_DATE('1970-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD') + ({self.sql(e, 'this')} / 86400)",
192        }
193
194        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
195            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
196            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
197        }
198
199        def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str:
200            return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS"
201
202        def xmltable_sql(self, expression: exp.XMLTable) -> str:
203            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
204            passing = self.expressions(expression, key="passing")
205            passing = f"{self.sep()}PASSING{self.seg(passing)}" if passing else ""
206            columns = self.expressions(expression, key="columns")
207            columns = f"{self.sep()}COLUMNS{self.seg(columns)}" if columns else ""
208            by_ref = (
209                f"{self.sep()}RETURNING SEQUENCE BY REF" if expression.args.get("by_ref") else ""
210            )
211            return f"XMLTABLE({self.sep('')}{self.indent(this + passing + by_ref + columns)}{self.seg(')', sep='')}"
212
213    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
214        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"}
215
216        KEYWORDS = {
217            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
218            "(+)": TokenType.JOIN_MARKER,
219            "BINARY_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
220            "BINARY_FLOAT": TokenType.FLOAT,
221            "COLUMNS": TokenType.COLUMN,
222            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
223            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
224            "NVARCHAR2": TokenType.NVARCHAR,
225            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
226            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
227            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
228            "VARCHAR2": TokenType.VARCHAR,
229        }
ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE: Optional[bool] = True
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'AM': '%p', 'A.M.': '%p', 'PM': '%p', 'P.M.': '%p', 'D': '%u', 'DAY': '%A', 'DD': '%d', 'DDD': '%j', 'DY': '%a', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'IW': '%V', 'MI': '%M', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'SS': '%S', 'WW': '%W', 'YY': '%y', 'YYYY': '%Y'}
tokenizer_class = <class 'Oracle.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Oracle.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Oracle.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'A': {'M': {0: True}, '.': {'M': {'.': {0: True}}}}, 'P': {'M': {0: True}, '.': {'M': {'.': {0: True}}}}, 'D': {0: True, 'A': {'Y': {0: True}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {'W': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'A': {'M': {0: True}, '.': {'M': {'.': {0: True}}}}, 'P': {'M': {0: True}, '.': {'M': {'.': {0: True}}}}, 'D': {0: True, 'A': {'Y': {0: True}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {'W': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%p': 'P.M.', '%u': 'D', '%A': 'DAY', '%d': 'DD', '%j': 'DDD', '%a': 'DY', '%I': 'HH12', '%H': 'HH24', '%V': 'IW', '%M': 'MI', '%m': 'MM', '%b': 'MON', '%B': 'MONTH', '%S': 'SS', '%W': 'WW', '%y': 'YY', '%Y': 'YYYY'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'p': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'a': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'V': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START = None
BIT_END = None
HEX_START = None
HEX_END = None
BYTE_START = None
BYTE_END = None
class Oracle.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
 66    class Parser(parser.Parser):
 67        WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS = {TokenType.OVER, TokenType.KEEP}
 68
 69        FUNCTIONS = {
 70            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
 71            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
 72        }
 73
 74        FUNCTION_PARSERS: t.Dict[str, t.Callable] = {
 75            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
 76            "JSON_ARRAY": lambda self: self._parse_json_array(
 77                exp.JSONArray,
 78                expressions=self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise())),
 79            ),
 80            "JSON_ARRAYAGG": lambda self: self._parse_json_array(
 81                exp.JSONArrayAgg,
 82                this=self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise()),
 83                order=self._parse_order(),
 84            ),
 85            "JSON_TABLE": lambda self: self._parse_json_table(),
 86            "XMLTABLE": _parse_xml_table,
 87        }
 88
 89        TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS = {
 90            exp.DataType.Type.DATE: lambda self, this, _: self.expression(
 91                exp.DateStrToDate, this=this
 92            )
 93        }
 94
 95        # SELECT UNIQUE .. is old-style Oracle syntax for SELECT DISTINCT ..
 96        # Reference: https://stackoverflow.com/a/336455
 97        DISTINCT_TOKENS = {TokenType.DISTINCT, TokenType.UNIQUE}
 98
 99        # Note: this is currently incomplete; it only implements the "JSON_value_column" part
100        def _parse_json_column_def(self) -> exp.JSONColumnDef:
101            this = self._parse_id_var()
102            kind = self._parse_types(allow_identifiers=False)
103            path = self._match_text_seq("PATH") and self._parse_string()
104            return self.expression(exp.JSONColumnDef, this=this, kind=kind, path=path)
105
106        def _parse_json_table(self) -> exp.JSONTable:
107            this = self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise())
108            path = self._match(TokenType.COMMA) and self._parse_string()
109            error_handling = self._parse_on_handling("ERROR", "ERROR", "NULL")
110            empty_handling = self._parse_on_handling("EMPTY", "ERROR", "NULL")
111            self._match(TokenType.COLUMN)
112            expressions = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_json_column_def, optional=True)
113
114            return exp.JSONTable(
115                this=this,
116                expressions=expressions,
117                path=path,
118                error_handling=error_handling,
119                empty_handling=empty_handling,
120            )
121
122        def _parse_json_array(self, expr_type: t.Type[E], **kwargs) -> E:
123            return self.expression(
124                expr_type,
125                null_handling=self._parse_on_handling("NULL", "NULL", "ABSENT"),
126                return_type=self._match_text_seq("RETURNING") and self._parse_type(),
127                strict=self._match_text_seq("STRICT"),
128                **kwargs,
129            )
130
131        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
132            column = super()._parse_column()
133            if column:
134                column.set("join_mark", self._match(TokenType.JOIN_MARKER))
135            return column
136
137        def _parse_hint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Hint]:
138            if self._match(TokenType.HINT):
139                start = self._curr
140                while self._curr and not self._match_pair(TokenType.STAR, TokenType.SLASH):
141                    self._advance()
142
143                if not self._curr:
144                    self.raise_error("Expected */ after HINT")
145
146                end = self._tokens[self._index - 3]
147                return exp.Hint(expressions=[self._find_sql(start, end)])
148
149            return None

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS = {<TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeConcat'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'SQUARE': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS: Dict[str, Callable] = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_ARRAY': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_ARRAYAGG': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLTABLE': <function _parse_xml_table>}
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS = {<Type.DATE: 'DATE'>: <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>}
DISTINCT_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>}
TOKENIZER_CLASS: Type[sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer] = <class 'Oracle.Tokenizer'>
ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE: bool = True
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'A': {'M': {0: True}, '.': {'M': {'.': {0: True}}}}, 'P': {'M': {0: True}, '.': {'M': {'.': {0: True}}}}, 'D': {0: True, 'A': {'Y': {0: True}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {'W': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}}}
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'AM': '%p', 'A.M.': '%p', 'PM': '%p', 'P.M.': '%p', 'D': '%u', 'DAY': '%A', 'DD': '%d', 'DDD': '%j', 'DY': '%a', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'IW': '%V', 'MI': '%M', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'SS': '%S', 'WW': '%W', 'YY': '%y', 'YYYY': '%Y'}
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'A': {'M': {0: True}, '.': {'M': {'.': {0: True}}}}, 'P': {'M': {0: True}, '.': {'M': {'.': {0: True}}}}, 'D': {0: True, 'A': {'Y': {0: True}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {'W': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}}}
class Oracle.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
151    class Generator(generator.Generator):
152        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
153        JOIN_HINTS = False
154        TABLE_HINTS = False
155        COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED = True
156
157        LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH"
158
159        TYPE_MAPPING = {
160            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
161            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "NUMBER",
162            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "NUMBER",
163            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "NUMBER",
164            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "NUMBER",
165            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMBER",
166            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "DOUBLE PRECISION",
167            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "VARCHAR2",
168            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "NVARCHAR2",
169            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "NCHAR",
170            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "CLOB",
171            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BLOB",
172            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BLOB",
173        }
174
175        TRANSFORMS = {
176            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
177            exp.DateStrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
178                "TO_DATE", e.this, exp.Literal.string("YYYY-MM-DD")
179            ),
180            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
181            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
182            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess([transforms.eliminate_distinct_on]),
183            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
184            exp.Subquery: lambda self, e: self.subquery_sql(e, sep=" "),
185            exp.Substring: rename_func("SUBSTR"),
186            exp.Table: lambda self, e: self.table_sql(e, sep=" "),
187            exp.TableSample: lambda self, e: self.tablesample_sql(e, sep=" "),
188            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: f"TO_CHAR({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
189            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
190            exp.Trim: trim_sql,
191            exp.UnixToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_DATE('1970-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD') + ({self.sql(e, 'this')} / 86400)",
192        }
193
194        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
195            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
196            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
197        }
198
199        def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str:
200            return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS"
201
202        def xmltable_sql(self, expression: exp.XMLTable) -> str:
203            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
204            passing = self.expressions(expression, key="passing")
205            passing = f"{self.sep()}PASSING{self.seg(passing)}" if passing else ""
206            columns = self.expressions(expression, key="columns")
207            columns = f"{self.sep()}COLUMNS{self.seg(columns)}" if columns else ""
208            by_ref = (
209                f"{self.sep()}RETURNING SEQUENCE BY REF" if expression.args.get("by_ref") else ""
210            )
211            return f"XMLTABLE({self.sep('')}{self.indent(this + passing + by_ref + columns)}{self.seg(')', sep='')}"

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
  • indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED = True
LIMIT_FETCH = 'FETCH'
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'NCHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'NVARCHAR2', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'NUMBER', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'NUMBER', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'NUMBER', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'NUMBER', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMBER', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'DOUBLE PRECISION', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR2', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'CLOB', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BLOB', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BLOB'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Subquery'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TableSample'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function trim_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>}
def offset_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Offset) -> str:
199        def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str:
200            return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS"
def xmltable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable) -> str:
202        def xmltable_sql(self, expression: exp.XMLTable) -> str:
203            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
204            passing = self.expressions(expression, key="passing")
205            passing = f"{self.sep()}PASSING{self.seg(passing)}" if passing else ""
206            columns = self.expressions(expression, key="columns")
207            columns = f"{self.sep()}COLUMNS{self.seg(columns)}" if columns else ""
208            by_ref = (
209                f"{self.sep()}RETURNING SEQUENCE BY REF" if expression.args.get("by_ref") else ""
210            )
211            return f"XMLTABLE({self.sep('')}{self.indent(this + passing + by_ref + columns)}{self.seg(')', sep='')}"
SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%p': 'P.M.', '%u': 'D', '%A': 'DAY', '%d': 'DD', '%j': 'DDD', '%a': 'DY', '%I': 'HH12', '%H': 'HH24', '%V': 'IW', '%M': 'MI', '%m': 'MM', '%b': 'MON', '%B': 'MONTH', '%S': 'SS', '%W': 'WW', '%y': 'YY', '%Y': 'YYYY'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'p': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'a': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'V': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}}
ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
@classmethod
def can_identify(text: str, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool:
257    @classmethod
258    def can_identify(cls, text: str, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
259        """Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.
260
261        Args:
262            text: The text to check.
263            identify:
264                "always" or `True`: Always returns true.
265                "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
266
267        Returns:
268            Whether or not the given text can be identified.
269        """
270        if identify is True or identify == "always":
271            return True
272
273        if identify == "safe":
274            return not cls.case_sensitive(text)
275
276        return False

Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.

Arguments:
  • text: The text to check.
  • identify: "always" or True: Always returns true. "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
Returns:

Whether or not the given text can be identified.

QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
TOKENIZER_CLASS = <class 'Oracle.Tokenizer'>
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = None
HEX_END: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
EXPLICIT_UNION
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINTS
QUERY_HINT_SEP
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
NVL2_SUPPORTED
VALUES_AS_TABLE
ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD
STAR_MAPPING
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
STRUCT_DELIMITER
PARAMETER_TOKEN
RESERVED_KEYWORDS
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
INDEX_OFFSET
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
NULL_ORDERING
ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK
pretty
identify
normalize
pad
unsupported_level
max_unsupported
leading_comma
max_text_width
comments
normalize_functions
unsupported_messages
generate
unsupported
sep
seg
pad_comment
maybe_comment
wrap
no_identify
normalize_func
indent
sql
uncache_sql
cache_sql
characterset_sql
column_sql
columnposition_sql
columndef_sql
columnconstraint_sql
computedcolumnconstraint_sql
autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
compresscolumnconstraint_sql
generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
createable_sql
create_sql
clone_sql
describe_sql
prepend_ctes
with_sql
cte_sql
tablealias_sql
bitstring_sql
hexstring_sql
bytestring_sql
rawstring_sql
datatypeparam_sql
datatype_sql
directory_sql
delete_sql
drop_sql
except_sql
except_op
fetch_sql
filter_sql
hint_sql
index_sql
identifier_sql
inputoutputformat_sql
national_sql
partition_sql
properties_sql
root_properties
properties
with_properties
locate_properties
property_sql
likeproperty_sql
fallbackproperty_sql
journalproperty_sql
freespaceproperty_sql
checksumproperty_sql
mergeblockratioproperty_sql
datablocksizeproperty_sql
blockcompressionproperty_sql
isolatedloadingproperty_sql
lockingproperty_sql
withdataproperty_sql
insert_sql
intersect_sql
intersect_op
introducer_sql
pseudotype_sql
objectidentifier_sql
onconflict_sql
returning_sql
rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
withtablehint_sql
indextablehint_sql
table_sql
tablesample_sql
pivot_sql
version_sql
tuple_sql
update_sql
values_sql
var_sql
into_sql
from_sql
group_sql
having_sql
connect_sql
prior_sql
join_sql
lambda_sql
lateral_sql
limit_sql
setitem_sql
set_sql
pragma_sql
lock_sql
literal_sql
escape_str
loaddata_sql
null_sql
boolean_sql
order_sql
cluster_sql
distribute_sql
sort_sql
ordered_sql
matchrecognize_sql
query_modifiers
offset_limit_modifiers
after_having_modifiers
after_limit_modifiers
select_sql
schema_sql
schema_columns_sql
star_sql
parameter_sql
sessionparameter_sql
placeholder_sql
subquery_sql
qualify_sql
union_sql
union_op
unnest_sql
where_sql
window_sql
partition_by_sql
windowspec_sql
withingroup_sql
between_sql
bracket_sql
safebracket_sql
all_sql
any_sql
exists_sql
case_sql
constraint_sql
nextvaluefor_sql
extract_sql
trim_sql
safeconcat_sql
check_sql
foreignkey_sql
primarykey_sql
if_sql
matchagainst_sql
jsonkeyvalue_sql
formatjson_sql
jsonobject_sql
jsonarray_sql
jsonarrayagg_sql
jsoncolumndef_sql
jsontable_sql
openjsoncolumndef_sql
openjson_sql
in_sql
in_unnest_op
interval_sql
return_sql
reference_sql
anonymous_sql
paren_sql
neg_sql
not_sql
alias_sql
aliases_sql
attimezone_sql
add_sql
and_sql
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class Oracle.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
213    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
214        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"}
215
216        KEYWORDS = {
217            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
218            "(+)": TokenType.JOIN_MARKER,
219            "BINARY_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
220            "BINARY_FLOAT": TokenType.FLOAT,
221            "COLUMNS": TokenType.COLUMN,
222            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
223            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
224            "NVARCHAR2": TokenType.NVARCHAR,
225            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
226            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
227            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
228            "VARCHAR2": TokenType.VARCHAR,
229        }
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$', '#', '@'}
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, '(+)': <TokenType.JOIN_MARKER: 'JOIN_MARKER'>, 'BINARY_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'BINARY_FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'COLUMNS': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>}