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sqlglot.dialects.redshift

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  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import typing as t
  4
  5from sqlglot import exp, transforms
  6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import rename_func
  7from sqlglot.dialects.postgres import Postgres
  8from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
  9from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 10
 11
 12class Redshift(Postgres):
 13    time_format = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS'"
 14    time_mapping = {
 15        **Postgres.time_mapping,  # type: ignore
 16        "MON": "%b",
 17        "HH": "%H",
 18    }
 19
 20    class Parser(Postgres.Parser):
 21        FUNCTIONS = {
 22            **Postgres.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
 23            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
 24                this=seq_get(args, 2),
 25                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
 26                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
 27            ),
 28            "DECODE": exp.Matches.from_arg_list,
 29            "NVL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list,
 30        }
 31
 32        def _parse_types(self, check_func: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 33            this = super()._parse_types(check_func=check_func)
 34
 35            if (
 36                isinstance(this, exp.DataType)
 37                and this.this == exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR
 38                and this.expressions
 39                and this.expressions[0] == exp.column("MAX")
 40            ):
 41                this.set("expressions", [exp.Var(this="MAX")])
 42
 43            return this
 44
 45    class Tokenizer(Postgres.Tokenizer):
 46        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
 47
 48        KEYWORDS = {
 49            **Postgres.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,  # type: ignore
 50            "GEOMETRY": TokenType.GEOMETRY,
 51            "GEOGRAPHY": TokenType.GEOGRAPHY,
 52            "HLLSKETCH": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
 53            "SUPER": TokenType.SUPER,
 54            "TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
 55            "TIMETZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
 56            "UNLOAD": TokenType.COMMAND,
 57            "VARBYTE": TokenType.VARBINARY,
 58        }
 59
 60    class Generator(Postgres.Generator):
 61        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 62            **Postgres.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
 63            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBYTE",
 64            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "VARBYTE",
 65            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
 66        }
 67
 68        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 69            **Postgres.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
 70            exp.LikeProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_WITH,
 71        }
 72
 73        TRANSFORMS = {
 74            **Postgres.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
 75            **transforms.ELIMINATE_DISTINCT_ON,  # type: ignore
 76            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
 77                "DATEDIFF", e.args.get("unit") or "day", e.expression, e.this
 78            ),
 79            exp.DistKeyProperty: lambda self, e: f"DISTKEY({e.name})",
 80            exp.SortKeyProperty: lambda self, e: f"{'COMPOUND ' if e.args['compound'] else ''}SORTKEY({self.format_args(*e.this)})",
 81            exp.DistStyleProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
 82            exp.Matches: rename_func("DECODE"),
 83        }
 84
 85        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
 86            """
 87            Converts `VALUES...` expression into a series of unions.
 88
 89            Note: If you have a lot of unions then this will result in a large number of recursive statements to
 90            evaluate the expression. You may need to increase `sys.setrecursionlimit` to run and it can also be
 91            very slow.
 92            """
 93            if not isinstance(expression.unnest().parent, exp.From):
 94                return super().values_sql(expression)
 95            rows = [tuple_exp.expressions for tuple_exp in expression.expressions]
 96            selects = []
 97            for i, row in enumerate(rows):
 98                if i == 0 and expression.alias:
 99                    row = [
100                        exp.alias_(value, column_name)
101                        for value, column_name in zip(row, expression.args["alias"].args["columns"])
102                    ]
103                selects.append(exp.Select(expressions=row))
104            subquery_expression = selects[0]
105            if len(selects) > 1:
106                for select in selects[1:]:
107                    subquery_expression = exp.union(subquery_expression, select, distinct=False)
108            return self.subquery_sql(subquery_expression.subquery(expression.alias))
109
110        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
111            """Redshift doesn't have `WITH` as part of their with_properties so we remove it"""
112            return self.properties(properties, prefix=" ", suffix="")
113
114        def renametable_sql(self, expression: exp.RenameTable) -> str:
115            """Redshift only supports defining the table name itself (not the db) when renaming tables"""
116            expression = expression.copy()
117            target_table = expression.this
118            for arg in target_table.args:
119                if arg != "this":
120                    target_table.set(arg, None)
121            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
122            return f"RENAME TO {this}"
123
124        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
125            """
126            Redshift converts the `TEXT` data type to `VARCHAR(255)` by default when people more generally mean
127            VARCHAR of max length which is `VARCHAR(max)` in Redshift. Therefore if we get a `TEXT` data type
128            without precision we convert it to `VARCHAR(max)` and if it does have precision then we just convert
129            `TEXT` to `VARCHAR`.
130            """
131            if expression.this == exp.DataType.Type.TEXT:
132                expression = expression.copy()
133                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
134                precision = expression.args.get("expressions")
135                if not precision:
136                    expression.append("expressions", exp.Var(this="MAX"))
137            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

class Redshift(sqlglot.dialects.postgres.Postgres): View Source

 13class Redshift(Postgres):
 14    time_format = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS'"
 15    time_mapping = {
 16        **Postgres.time_mapping,  # type: ignore
 17        "MON": "%b",
 18        "HH": "%H",
 19    }
 20
 21    class Parser(Postgres.Parser):
 22        FUNCTIONS = {
 23            **Postgres.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
 24            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
 25                this=seq_get(args, 2),
 26                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
 27                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
 28            ),
 29            "DECODE": exp.Matches.from_arg_list,
 30            "NVL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list,
 31        }
 32
 33        def _parse_types(self, check_func: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 34            this = super()._parse_types(check_func=check_func)
 35
 36            if (
 37                isinstance(this, exp.DataType)
 38                and this.this == exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR
 39                and this.expressions
 40                and this.expressions[0] == exp.column("MAX")
 41            ):
 42                this.set("expressions", [exp.Var(this="MAX")])
 43
 44            return this
 45
 46    class Tokenizer(Postgres.Tokenizer):
 47        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
 48
 49        KEYWORDS = {
 50            **Postgres.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,  # type: ignore
 51            "GEOMETRY": TokenType.GEOMETRY,
 52            "GEOGRAPHY": TokenType.GEOGRAPHY,
 53            "HLLSKETCH": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
 54            "SUPER": TokenType.SUPER,
 55            "TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
 56            "TIMETZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
 57            "UNLOAD": TokenType.COMMAND,
 58            "VARBYTE": TokenType.VARBINARY,
 59        }
 60
 61    class Generator(Postgres.Generator):
 62        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 63            **Postgres.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
 64            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBYTE",
 65            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "VARBYTE",
 66            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
 67        }
 68
 69        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 70            **Postgres.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
 71            exp.LikeProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_WITH,
 72        }
 73
 74        TRANSFORMS = {
 75            **Postgres.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
 76            **transforms.ELIMINATE_DISTINCT_ON,  # type: ignore
 77            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
 78                "DATEDIFF", e.args.get("unit") or "day", e.expression, e.this
 79            ),
 80            exp.DistKeyProperty: lambda self, e: f"DISTKEY({e.name})",
 81            exp.SortKeyProperty: lambda self, e: f"{'COMPOUND ' if e.args['compound'] else ''}SORTKEY({self.format_args(*e.this)})",
 82            exp.DistStyleProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
 83            exp.Matches: rename_func("DECODE"),
 84        }
 85
 86        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
 87            """
 88            Converts `VALUES...` expression into a series of unions.
 89
 90            Note: If you have a lot of unions then this will result in a large number of recursive statements to
 91            evaluate the expression. You may need to increase `sys.setrecursionlimit` to run and it can also be
 92            very slow.
 93            """
 94            if not isinstance(expression.unnest().parent, exp.From):
 95                return super().values_sql(expression)
 96            rows = [tuple_exp.expressions for tuple_exp in expression.expressions]
 97            selects = []
 98            for i, row in enumerate(rows):
 99                if i == 0 and expression.alias:
100                    row = [
101                        exp.alias_(value, column_name)
102                        for value, column_name in zip(row, expression.args["alias"].args["columns"])
103                    ]
104                selects.append(exp.Select(expressions=row))
105            subquery_expression = selects[0]
106            if len(selects) > 1:
107                for select in selects[1:]:
108                    subquery_expression = exp.union(subquery_expression, select, distinct=False)
109            return self.subquery_sql(subquery_expression.subquery(expression.alias))
110
111        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
112            """Redshift doesn't have `WITH` as part of their with_properties so we remove it"""
113            return self.properties(properties, prefix=" ", suffix="")
114
115        def renametable_sql(self, expression: exp.RenameTable) -> str:
116            """Redshift only supports defining the table name itself (not the db) when renaming tables"""
117            expression = expression.copy()
118            target_table = expression.this
119            for arg in target_table.args:
120                if arg != "this":
121                    target_table.set(arg, None)
122            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
123            return f"RENAME TO {this}"
124
125        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
126            """
127            Redshift converts the `TEXT` data type to `VARCHAR(255)` by default when people more generally mean
128            VARCHAR of max length which is `VARCHAR(max)` in Redshift. Therefore if we get a `TEXT` data type
129            without precision we convert it to `VARCHAR(max)` and if it does have precision then we just convert
130            `TEXT` to `VARCHAR`.
131            """
132            if expression.this == exp.DataType.Type.TEXT:
133                expression = expression.copy()
134                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
135                precision = expression.args.get("expressions")
136                if not precision:
137                    expression.append("expressions", exp.Var(this="MAX"))
138            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

Redshift()

Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect: get_or_raise; format_time; parse; parse_into; generate; transpile; parser; generator

class Redshift.Parser(sqlglot.dialects.postgres.Postgres.Parser): View Source

21    class Parser(Postgres.Parser):
22        FUNCTIONS = {
23            **Postgres.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
24            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
25                this=seq_get(args, 2),
26                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
27                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
28            ),
29            "DECODE": exp.Matches.from_arg_list,
30            "NVL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list,
31        }
32
33        def _parse_types(self, check_func: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
34            this = super()._parse_types(check_func=check_func)
35
36            if (
37                isinstance(this, exp.DataType)
38                and this.this == exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR
39                and this.expressions
40                and this.expressions[0] == exp.column("MAX")
41            ):
42                this.set("expressions", [exp.Var(this="MAX")])
43
44            return this

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:

error_level: the desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.RAISE
error_message_context: determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 50.
index_offset: Index offset for arrays eg ARRAY[0] vs ARRAY[1] as the head of a list. Default: 0
alias_post_tablesample: If the table alias comes after tablesample. Default: False
max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
null_ordering: Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"

Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser: Parser; reset; parse; parse_into; check_errors; raise_error; expression; validate_expression

class Redshift.Tokenizer(sqlglot.dialects.postgres.Postgres.Tokenizer): View Source

46    class Tokenizer(Postgres.Tokenizer):
47        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
48
49        KEYWORDS = {
50            **Postgres.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,  # type: ignore
51            "GEOMETRY": TokenType.GEOMETRY,
52            "GEOGRAPHY": TokenType.GEOGRAPHY,
53            "HLLSKETCH": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
54            "SUPER": TokenType.SUPER,
55            "TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
56            "TIMETZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
57            "UNLOAD": TokenType.COMMAND,
58            "VARBYTE": TokenType.VARBINARY,
59        }

Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer: Tokenizer; reset; tokenize

class Redshift.Generator(sqlglot.dialects.postgres.Postgres.Generator): View Source

 61    class Generator(Postgres.Generator):
 62        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 63            **Postgres.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
 64            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBYTE",
 65            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "VARBYTE",
 66            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
 67        }
 68
 69        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 70            **Postgres.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
 71            exp.LikeProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_WITH,
 72        }
 73
 74        TRANSFORMS = {
 75            **Postgres.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
 76            **transforms.ELIMINATE_DISTINCT_ON,  # type: ignore
 77            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
 78                "DATEDIFF", e.args.get("unit") or "day", e.expression, e.this
 79            ),
 80            exp.DistKeyProperty: lambda self, e: f"DISTKEY({e.name})",
 81            exp.SortKeyProperty: lambda self, e: f"{'COMPOUND ' if e.args['compound'] else ''}SORTKEY({self.format_args(*e.this)})",
 82            exp.DistStyleProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
 83            exp.Matches: rename_func("DECODE"),
 84        }
 85
 86        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
 87            """
 88            Converts `VALUES...` expression into a series of unions.
 89
 90            Note: If you have a lot of unions then this will result in a large number of recursive statements to
 91            evaluate the expression. You may need to increase `sys.setrecursionlimit` to run and it can also be
 92            very slow.
 93            """
 94            if not isinstance(expression.unnest().parent, exp.From):
 95                return super().values_sql(expression)
 96            rows = [tuple_exp.expressions for tuple_exp in expression.expressions]
 97            selects = []
 98            for i, row in enumerate(rows):
 99                if i == 0 and expression.alias:
100                    row = [
101                        exp.alias_(value, column_name)
102                        for value, column_name in zip(row, expression.args["alias"].args["columns"])
103                    ]
104                selects.append(exp.Select(expressions=row))
105            subquery_expression = selects[0]
106            if len(selects) > 1:
107                for select in selects[1:]:
108                    subquery_expression = exp.union(subquery_expression, select, distinct=False)
109            return self.subquery_sql(subquery_expression.subquery(expression.alias))
110
111        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
112            """Redshift doesn't have `WITH` as part of their with_properties so we remove it"""
113            return self.properties(properties, prefix=" ", suffix="")
114
115        def renametable_sql(self, expression: exp.RenameTable) -> str:
116            """Redshift only supports defining the table name itself (not the db) when renaming tables"""
117            expression = expression.copy()
118            target_table = expression.this
119            for arg in target_table.args:
120                if arg != "this":
121                    target_table.set(arg, None)
122            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
123            return f"RENAME TO {this}"
124
125        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
126            """
127            Redshift converts the `TEXT` data type to `VARCHAR(255)` by default when people more generally mean
128            VARCHAR of max length which is `VARCHAR(max)` in Redshift. Therefore if we get a `TEXT` data type
129            without precision we convert it to `VARCHAR(max)` and if it does have precision then we just convert
130            `TEXT` to `VARCHAR`.
131            """
132            if expression.this == exp.DataType.Type.TEXT:
133                expression = expression.copy()
134                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
135                precision = expression.args.get("expressions")
136                if not precision:
137                    expression.append("expressions", exp.Var(this="MAX"))
138            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

Generator interprets the given syntax tree and produces a SQL string as an output.

Arguments:

time_mapping (dict): the dictionary of custom time mappings in which the key represents a python time format and the output the target time format
time_trie (trie): a trie of the time_mapping keys
pretty (bool): if set to True the returned string will be formatted. Default: False.
quote_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
quote_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
identifier_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
identifier_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
identify (bool): if set to True all identifiers will be delimited by the corresponding character.
normalize (bool): if set to True all identifiers will lower cased
string_escape (str): specifies a string escape character. Default: '.
identifier_escape (str): specifies an identifier escape character. Default: ".
pad (int): determines padding in a formatted string. Default: 2.
indent (int): determines the size of indentation in a formatted string. Default: 4.
unnest_column_only (bool): if true unnest table aliases are considered only as column aliases
normalize_functions (str): normalize function names, "upper", "lower", or None Default: "upper"
alias_post_tablesample (bool): if the table alias comes after tablesample Default: False
unsupported_level (ErrorLevel): determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
null_ordering (str): Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"
max_unsupported (int): Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
leading_comma (bool): if the the comma is leading or trailing in select statements Default: False
max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

def values_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values) -> str: View Source

 86        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
 87            """
 88            Converts `VALUES...` expression into a series of unions.
 89
 90            Note: If you have a lot of unions then this will result in a large number of recursive statements to
 91            evaluate the expression. You may need to increase `sys.setrecursionlimit` to run and it can also be
 92            very slow.
 93            """
 94            if not isinstance(expression.unnest().parent, exp.From):
 95                return super().values_sql(expression)
 96            rows = [tuple_exp.expressions for tuple_exp in expression.expressions]
 97            selects = []
 98            for i, row in enumerate(rows):
 99                if i == 0 and expression.alias:
100                    row = [
101                        exp.alias_(value, column_name)
102                        for value, column_name in zip(row, expression.args["alias"].args["columns"])
103                    ]
104                selects.append(exp.Select(expressions=row))
105            subquery_expression = selects[0]
106            if len(selects) > 1:
107                for select in selects[1:]:
108                    subquery_expression = exp.union(subquery_expression, select, distinct=False)
109            return self.subquery_sql(subquery_expression.subquery(expression.alias))

Converts VALUES... expression into a series of unions.

Note: If you have a lot of unions then this will result in a large number of recursive statements to evaluate the expression. You may need to increase sys.setrecursionlimit to run and it can also be very slow.

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

111        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
112            """Redshift doesn't have `WITH` as part of their with_properties so we remove it"""
113            return self.properties(properties, prefix=" ", suffix="")

Redshift doesn't have WITH as part of their with_properties so we remove it

def renametable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RenameTable) -> str: View Source

115        def renametable_sql(self, expression: exp.RenameTable) -> str:
116            """Redshift only supports defining the table name itself (not the db) when renaming tables"""
117            expression = expression.copy()
118            target_table = expression.this
119            for arg in target_table.args:
120                if arg != "this":
121                    target_table.set(arg, None)
122            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
123            return f"RENAME TO {this}"

Redshift only supports defining the table name itself (not the db) when renaming tables

def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str: View Source

125        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
126            """
127            Redshift converts the `TEXT` data type to `VARCHAR(255)` by default when people more generally mean
128            VARCHAR of max length which is `VARCHAR(max)` in Redshift. Therefore if we get a `TEXT` data type
129            without precision we convert it to `VARCHAR(max)` and if it does have precision then we just convert
130            `TEXT` to `VARCHAR`.
131            """
132            if expression.this == exp.DataType.Type.TEXT:
133                expression = expression.copy()
134                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
135                precision = expression.args.get("expressions")
136                if not precision:
137                    expression.append("expressions", exp.Var(this="MAX"))
138            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

Redshift converts the TEXT data type to VARCHAR(255) by default when people more generally mean VARCHAR of max length which is VARCHAR(max) in Redshift. Therefore if we get a TEXT data type without precision we convert it to VARCHAR(max) and if it does have precision then we just convert TEXT to VARCHAR.

Inherited Members

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