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sqlglot.dialects.redshift

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  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import typing as t
  4
  5from sqlglot import exp, transforms
  6from sqlglot.dialects.postgres import Postgres
  7from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
  8from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
  9
 10
 11def _json_sql(self, e) -> str:
 12    return f'{self.sql(e, "this")}."{e.expression.name}"'
 13
 14
 15class Redshift(Postgres):
 16    time_format = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS'"
 17    time_mapping = {
 18        **Postgres.time_mapping,  # type: ignore
 19        "MON": "%b",
 20        "HH": "%H",
 21    }
 22
 23    class Parser(Postgres.Parser):
 24        FUNCTIONS = {
 25            **Postgres.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
 26            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
 27                this=seq_get(args, 2),
 28                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
 29                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
 30            ),
 31            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
 32                this=seq_get(args, 2),
 33                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
 34                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
 35            ),
 36            "NVL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list,
 37        }
 38
 39        CONVERT_TYPE_FIRST = True
 40
 41        def _parse_types(self, check_func: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 42            this = super()._parse_types(check_func=check_func)
 43
 44            if (
 45                isinstance(this, exp.DataType)
 46                and this.this == exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR
 47                and this.expressions
 48                and this.expressions[0] == exp.column("MAX")
 49            ):
 50                this.set("expressions", [exp.Var(this="MAX")])
 51
 52            return this
 53
 54    class Tokenizer(Postgres.Tokenizer):
 55        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
 56
 57        KEYWORDS = {
 58            **Postgres.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,  # type: ignore
 59            "GEOMETRY": TokenType.GEOMETRY,
 60            "GEOGRAPHY": TokenType.GEOGRAPHY,
 61            "HLLSKETCH": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
 62            "SUPER": TokenType.SUPER,
 63            "SYSDATE": TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
 64            "TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
 65            "TIMETZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
 66            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
 67            "UNLOAD": TokenType.COMMAND,
 68            "VARBYTE": TokenType.VARBINARY,
 69        }
 70
 71        # Redshift allows # to appear as a table identifier prefix
 72        SINGLE_TOKENS = Postgres.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
 73        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("#")
 74
 75    class Generator(Postgres.Generator):
 76        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = False
 77        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
 78
 79        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 80            **Postgres.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
 81            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBYTE",
 82            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "VARBYTE",
 83            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
 84        }
 85
 86        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 87            **Postgres.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
 88            exp.LikeProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_WITH,
 89        }
 90
 91        TRANSFORMS = {
 92            **Postgres.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
 93            **transforms.ELIMINATE_DISTINCT_ON,  # type: ignore
 94            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda self, e: "SYSDATE",
 95            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
 96                "DATEADD", exp.var(e.text("unit") or "day"), e.expression, e.this
 97            ),
 98            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
 99                "DATEDIFF", exp.var(e.text("unit") or "day"), e.expression, e.this
100            ),
101            exp.DistKeyProperty: lambda self, e: f"DISTKEY({e.name})",
102            exp.DistStyleProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
103            exp.JSONExtract: _json_sql,
104            exp.JSONExtractScalar: _json_sql,
105            exp.SortKeyProperty: lambda self, e: f"{'COMPOUND ' if e.args['compound'] else ''}SORTKEY({self.format_args(*e.this)})",
106        }
107
108        # Redshift uses the POW | POWER (expr1, expr2) syntax instead of expr1 ^ expr2 (postgres)
109        TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.Pow)
110
111        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {*Postgres.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS, "snapshot"}
112
113        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
114            """
115            Converts `VALUES...` expression into a series of unions.
116
117            Note: If you have a lot of unions then this will result in a large number of recursive statements to
118            evaluate the expression. You may need to increase `sys.setrecursionlimit` to run and it can also be
119            very slow.
120            """
121            if not isinstance(expression.unnest().parent, exp.From):
122                return super().values_sql(expression)
123            rows = [tuple_exp.expressions for tuple_exp in expression.expressions]
124            selects = []
125            for i, row in enumerate(rows):
126                if i == 0 and expression.alias:
127                    row = [
128                        exp.alias_(value, column_name)
129                        for value, column_name in zip(row, expression.args["alias"].args["columns"])
130                    ]
131                selects.append(exp.Select(expressions=row))
132            subquery_expression = selects[0]
133            if len(selects) > 1:
134                for select in selects[1:]:
135                    subquery_expression = exp.union(subquery_expression, select, distinct=False)
136            return self.subquery_sql(subquery_expression.subquery(expression.alias))
137
138        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
139            """Redshift doesn't have `WITH` as part of their with_properties so we remove it"""
140            return self.properties(properties, prefix=" ", suffix="")
141
142        def renametable_sql(self, expression: exp.RenameTable) -> str:
143            """Redshift only supports defining the table name itself (not the db) when renaming tables"""
144            expression = expression.copy()
145            target_table = expression.this
146            for arg in target_table.args:
147                if arg != "this":
148                    target_table.set(arg, None)
149            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
150            return f"RENAME TO {this}"
151
152        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
153            """
154            Redshift converts the `TEXT` data type to `VARCHAR(255)` by default when people more generally mean
155            VARCHAR of max length which is `VARCHAR(max)` in Redshift. Therefore if we get a `TEXT` data type
156            without precision we convert it to `VARCHAR(max)` and if it does have precision then we just convert
157            `TEXT` to `VARCHAR`.
158            """
159            if expression.this == exp.DataType.Type.TEXT:
160                expression = expression.copy()
161                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
162                precision = expression.args.get("expressions")
163                if not precision:
164                    expression.append("expressions", exp.Var(this="MAX"))
165            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

class Redshift(sqlglot.dialects.postgres.Postgres): View Source

 16class Redshift(Postgres):
 17    time_format = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS'"
 18    time_mapping = {
 19        **Postgres.time_mapping,  # type: ignore
 20        "MON": "%b",
 21        "HH": "%H",
 22    }
 23
 24    class Parser(Postgres.Parser):
 25        FUNCTIONS = {
 26            **Postgres.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
 27            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
 28                this=seq_get(args, 2),
 29                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
 30                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
 31            ),
 32            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
 33                this=seq_get(args, 2),
 34                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
 35                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
 36            ),
 37            "NVL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list,
 38        }
 39
 40        CONVERT_TYPE_FIRST = True
 41
 42        def _parse_types(self, check_func: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 43            this = super()._parse_types(check_func=check_func)
 44
 45            if (
 46                isinstance(this, exp.DataType)
 47                and this.this == exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR
 48                and this.expressions
 49                and this.expressions[0] == exp.column("MAX")
 50            ):
 51                this.set("expressions", [exp.Var(this="MAX")])
 52
 53            return this
 54
 55    class Tokenizer(Postgres.Tokenizer):
 56        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
 57
 58        KEYWORDS = {
 59            **Postgres.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,  # type: ignore
 60            "GEOMETRY": TokenType.GEOMETRY,
 61            "GEOGRAPHY": TokenType.GEOGRAPHY,
 62            "HLLSKETCH": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
 63            "SUPER": TokenType.SUPER,
 64            "SYSDATE": TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
 65            "TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
 66            "TIMETZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
 67            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
 68            "UNLOAD": TokenType.COMMAND,
 69            "VARBYTE": TokenType.VARBINARY,
 70        }
 71
 72        # Redshift allows # to appear as a table identifier prefix
 73        SINGLE_TOKENS = Postgres.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
 74        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("#")
 75
 76    class Generator(Postgres.Generator):
 77        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = False
 78        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
 79
 80        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 81            **Postgres.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
 82            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBYTE",
 83            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "VARBYTE",
 84            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
 85        }
 86
 87        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 88            **Postgres.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
 89            exp.LikeProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_WITH,
 90        }
 91
 92        TRANSFORMS = {
 93            **Postgres.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
 94            **transforms.ELIMINATE_DISTINCT_ON,  # type: ignore
 95            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda self, e: "SYSDATE",
 96            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
 97                "DATEADD", exp.var(e.text("unit") or "day"), e.expression, e.this
 98            ),
 99            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
100                "DATEDIFF", exp.var(e.text("unit") or "day"), e.expression, e.this
101            ),
102            exp.DistKeyProperty: lambda self, e: f"DISTKEY({e.name})",
103            exp.DistStyleProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
104            exp.JSONExtract: _json_sql,
105            exp.JSONExtractScalar: _json_sql,
106            exp.SortKeyProperty: lambda self, e: f"{'COMPOUND ' if e.args['compound'] else ''}SORTKEY({self.format_args(*e.this)})",
107        }
108
109        # Redshift uses the POW | POWER (expr1, expr2) syntax instead of expr1 ^ expr2 (postgres)
110        TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.Pow)
111
112        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {*Postgres.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS, "snapshot"}
113
114        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
115            """
116            Converts `VALUES...` expression into a series of unions.
117
118            Note: If you have a lot of unions then this will result in a large number of recursive statements to
119            evaluate the expression. You may need to increase `sys.setrecursionlimit` to run and it can also be
120            very slow.
121            """
122            if not isinstance(expression.unnest().parent, exp.From):
123                return super().values_sql(expression)
124            rows = [tuple_exp.expressions for tuple_exp in expression.expressions]
125            selects = []
126            for i, row in enumerate(rows):
127                if i == 0 and expression.alias:
128                    row = [
129                        exp.alias_(value, column_name)
130                        for value, column_name in zip(row, expression.args["alias"].args["columns"])
131                    ]
132                selects.append(exp.Select(expressions=row))
133            subquery_expression = selects[0]
134            if len(selects) > 1:
135                for select in selects[1:]:
136                    subquery_expression = exp.union(subquery_expression, select, distinct=False)
137            return self.subquery_sql(subquery_expression.subquery(expression.alias))
138
139        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
140            """Redshift doesn't have `WITH` as part of their with_properties so we remove it"""
141            return self.properties(properties, prefix=" ", suffix="")
142
143        def renametable_sql(self, expression: exp.RenameTable) -> str:
144            """Redshift only supports defining the table name itself (not the db) when renaming tables"""
145            expression = expression.copy()
146            target_table = expression.this
147            for arg in target_table.args:
148                if arg != "this":
149                    target_table.set(arg, None)
150            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
151            return f"RENAME TO {this}"
152
153        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
154            """
155            Redshift converts the `TEXT` data type to `VARCHAR(255)` by default when people more generally mean
156            VARCHAR of max length which is `VARCHAR(max)` in Redshift. Therefore if we get a `TEXT` data type
157            without precision we convert it to `VARCHAR(max)` and if it does have precision then we just convert
158            `TEXT` to `VARCHAR`.
159            """
160            if expression.this == exp.DataType.Type.TEXT:
161                expression = expression.copy()
162                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
163                precision = expression.args.get("expressions")
164                if not precision:
165                    expression.append("expressions", exp.Var(this="MAX"))
166            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect: get_or_raise; format_time; parse; parse_into; generate; transpile; tokenize; parser; generator

class Redshift.Parser(sqlglot.dialects.postgres.Postgres.Parser): View Source

24    class Parser(Postgres.Parser):
25        FUNCTIONS = {
26            **Postgres.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
27            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
28                this=seq_get(args, 2),
29                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
30                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
31            ),
32            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
33                this=seq_get(args, 2),
34                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
35                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
36            ),
37            "NVL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list,
38        }
39
40        CONVERT_TYPE_FIRST = True
41
42        def _parse_types(self, check_func: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
43            this = super()._parse_types(check_func=check_func)
44
45            if (
46                isinstance(this, exp.DataType)
47                and this.this == exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR
48                and this.expressions
49                and this.expressions[0] == exp.column("MAX")
50            ):
51                this.set("expressions", [exp.Var(this="MAX")])
52
53            return this

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:

error_level: the desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.RAISE
error_message_context: determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 50.
index_offset: Index offset for arrays eg ARRAY[0] vs ARRAY[1] as the head of a list. Default: 0
alias_post_tablesample: If the table alias comes after tablesample. Default: False
max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
null_ordering: Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"

Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser: Parser; reset; parse; parse_into; check_errors; raise_error; expression; validate_expression

class Redshift.Tokenizer(sqlglot.dialects.postgres.Postgres.Tokenizer): View Source

55    class Tokenizer(Postgres.Tokenizer):
56        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
57
58        KEYWORDS = {
59            **Postgres.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,  # type: ignore
60            "GEOMETRY": TokenType.GEOMETRY,
61            "GEOGRAPHY": TokenType.GEOGRAPHY,
62            "HLLSKETCH": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
63            "SUPER": TokenType.SUPER,
64            "SYSDATE": TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
65            "TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
66            "TIMETZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
67            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
68            "UNLOAD": TokenType.COMMAND,
69            "VARBYTE": TokenType.VARBINARY,
70        }
71
72        # Redshift allows # to appear as a table identifier prefix
73        SINGLE_TOKENS = Postgres.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
74        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("#")

Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer: reset; tokenize

class Redshift.Generator(sqlglot.dialects.postgres.Postgres.Generator): View Source

 76    class Generator(Postgres.Generator):
 77        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = False
 78        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
 79
 80        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 81            **Postgres.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
 82            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBYTE",
 83            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "VARBYTE",
 84            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
 85        }
 86
 87        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 88            **Postgres.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
 89            exp.LikeProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_WITH,
 90        }
 91
 92        TRANSFORMS = {
 93            **Postgres.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
 94            **transforms.ELIMINATE_DISTINCT_ON,  # type: ignore
 95            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda self, e: "SYSDATE",
 96            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
 97                "DATEADD", exp.var(e.text("unit") or "day"), e.expression, e.this
 98            ),
 99            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
100                "DATEDIFF", exp.var(e.text("unit") or "day"), e.expression, e.this
101            ),
102            exp.DistKeyProperty: lambda self, e: f"DISTKEY({e.name})",
103            exp.DistStyleProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
104            exp.JSONExtract: _json_sql,
105            exp.JSONExtractScalar: _json_sql,
106            exp.SortKeyProperty: lambda self, e: f"{'COMPOUND ' if e.args['compound'] else ''}SORTKEY({self.format_args(*e.this)})",
107        }
108
109        # Redshift uses the POW | POWER (expr1, expr2) syntax instead of expr1 ^ expr2 (postgres)
110        TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.Pow)
111
112        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {*Postgres.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS, "snapshot"}
113
114        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
115            """
116            Converts `VALUES...` expression into a series of unions.
117
118            Note: If you have a lot of unions then this will result in a large number of recursive statements to
119            evaluate the expression. You may need to increase `sys.setrecursionlimit` to run and it can also be
120            very slow.
121            """
122            if not isinstance(expression.unnest().parent, exp.From):
123                return super().values_sql(expression)
124            rows = [tuple_exp.expressions for tuple_exp in expression.expressions]
125            selects = []
126            for i, row in enumerate(rows):
127                if i == 0 and expression.alias:
128                    row = [
129                        exp.alias_(value, column_name)
130                        for value, column_name in zip(row, expression.args["alias"].args["columns"])
131                    ]
132                selects.append(exp.Select(expressions=row))
133            subquery_expression = selects[0]
134            if len(selects) > 1:
135                for select in selects[1:]:
136                    subquery_expression = exp.union(subquery_expression, select, distinct=False)
137            return self.subquery_sql(subquery_expression.subquery(expression.alias))
138
139        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
140            """Redshift doesn't have `WITH` as part of their with_properties so we remove it"""
141            return self.properties(properties, prefix=" ", suffix="")
142
143        def renametable_sql(self, expression: exp.RenameTable) -> str:
144            """Redshift only supports defining the table name itself (not the db) when renaming tables"""
145            expression = expression.copy()
146            target_table = expression.this
147            for arg in target_table.args:
148                if arg != "this":
149                    target_table.set(arg, None)
150            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
151            return f"RENAME TO {this}"
152
153        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
154            """
155            Redshift converts the `TEXT` data type to `VARCHAR(255)` by default when people more generally mean
156            VARCHAR of max length which is `VARCHAR(max)` in Redshift. Therefore if we get a `TEXT` data type
157            without precision we convert it to `VARCHAR(max)` and if it does have precision then we just convert
158            `TEXT` to `VARCHAR`.
159            """
160            if expression.this == exp.DataType.Type.TEXT:
161                expression = expression.copy()
162                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
163                precision = expression.args.get("expressions")
164                if not precision:
165                    expression.append("expressions", exp.Var(this="MAX"))
166            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

Generator interprets the given syntax tree and produces a SQL string as an output.

Arguments:

time_mapping (dict): the dictionary of custom time mappings in which the key represents a python time format and the output the target time format
time_trie (trie): a trie of the time_mapping keys
pretty (bool): if set to True the returned string will be formatted. Default: False.
quote_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
quote_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
identifier_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
identifier_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
identify (bool | str): 'always': always quote, 'safe': quote identifiers if they don't contain an upcase, True defaults to always.
normalize (bool): if set to True all identifiers will lower cased
string_escape (str): specifies a string escape character. Default: '.
identifier_escape (str): specifies an identifier escape character. Default: ".
pad (int): determines padding in a formatted string. Default: 2.
indent (int): determines the size of indentation in a formatted string. Default: 4.
unnest_column_only (bool): if true unnest table aliases are considered only as column aliases
normalize_functions (str): normalize function names, "upper", "lower", or None Default: "upper"
alias_post_tablesample (bool): if the table alias comes after tablesample Default: False
unsupported_level (ErrorLevel): determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
null_ordering (str): Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"
max_unsupported (int): Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
leading_comma (bool): if the the comma is leading or trailing in select statements Default: False
max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

def values_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values) -> str: View Source

114        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
115            """
116            Converts `VALUES...` expression into a series of unions.
117
118            Note: If you have a lot of unions then this will result in a large number of recursive statements to
119            evaluate the expression. You may need to increase `sys.setrecursionlimit` to run and it can also be
120            very slow.
121            """
122            if not isinstance(expression.unnest().parent, exp.From):
123                return super().values_sql(expression)
124            rows = [tuple_exp.expressions for tuple_exp in expression.expressions]
125            selects = []
126            for i, row in enumerate(rows):
127                if i == 0 and expression.alias:
128                    row = [
129                        exp.alias_(value, column_name)
130                        for value, column_name in zip(row, expression.args["alias"].args["columns"])
131                    ]
132                selects.append(exp.Select(expressions=row))
133            subquery_expression = selects[0]
134            if len(selects) > 1:
135                for select in selects[1:]:
136                    subquery_expression = exp.union(subquery_expression, select, distinct=False)
137            return self.subquery_sql(subquery_expression.subquery(expression.alias))

Converts VALUES... expression into a series of unions.

Note: If you have a lot of unions then this will result in a large number of recursive statements to evaluate the expression. You may need to increase sys.setrecursionlimit to run and it can also be very slow.

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

139        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
140            """Redshift doesn't have `WITH` as part of their with_properties so we remove it"""
141            return self.properties(properties, prefix=" ", suffix="")

Redshift doesn't have WITH as part of their with_properties so we remove it

def renametable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RenameTable) -> str: View Source

143        def renametable_sql(self, expression: exp.RenameTable) -> str:
144            """Redshift only supports defining the table name itself (not the db) when renaming tables"""
145            expression = expression.copy()
146            target_table = expression.this
147            for arg in target_table.args:
148                if arg != "this":
149                    target_table.set(arg, None)
150            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
151            return f"RENAME TO {this}"

Redshift only supports defining the table name itself (not the db) when renaming tables

def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str: View Source

153        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
154            """
155            Redshift converts the `TEXT` data type to `VARCHAR(255)` by default when people more generally mean
156            VARCHAR of max length which is `VARCHAR(max)` in Redshift. Therefore if we get a `TEXT` data type
157            without precision we convert it to `VARCHAR(max)` and if it does have precision then we just convert
158            `TEXT` to `VARCHAR`.
159            """
160            if expression.this == exp.DataType.Type.TEXT:
161                expression = expression.copy()
162                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
163                precision = expression.args.get("expressions")
164                if not precision:
165                    expression.append("expressions", exp.Var(this="MAX"))
166            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

Redshift converts the TEXT data type to VARCHAR(255) by default when people more generally mean VARCHAR of max length which is VARCHAR(max) in Redshift. Therefore if we get a TEXT data type without precision we convert it to VARCHAR(max) and if it does have precision then we just convert TEXT to VARCHAR.

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