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sqlglot.dialects.redshift

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  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import typing as t
  4
  5from sqlglot import exp, transforms
  6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import rename_func
  7from sqlglot.dialects.postgres import Postgres
  8from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
  9from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 10
 11
 12class Redshift(Postgres):
 13    time_format = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS'"
 14    time_mapping = {
 15        **Postgres.time_mapping,  # type: ignore
 16        "MON": "%b",
 17        "HH": "%H",
 18    }
 19
 20    class Parser(Postgres.Parser):
 21        FUNCTIONS = {
 22            **Postgres.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
 23            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
 24                this=seq_get(args, 2),
 25                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
 26                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
 27            ),
 28            "DECODE": exp.Matches.from_arg_list,
 29            "NVL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list,
 30        }
 31
 32        CONVERT_TYPE_FIRST = True
 33
 34        def _parse_types(self, check_func: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 35            this = super()._parse_types(check_func=check_func)
 36
 37            if (
 38                isinstance(this, exp.DataType)
 39                and this.this == exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR
 40                and this.expressions
 41                and this.expressions[0] == exp.column("MAX")
 42            ):
 43                this.set("expressions", [exp.Var(this="MAX")])
 44
 45            return this
 46
 47    class Tokenizer(Postgres.Tokenizer):
 48        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
 49
 50        KEYWORDS = {
 51            **Postgres.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,  # type: ignore
 52            "GEOMETRY": TokenType.GEOMETRY,
 53            "GEOGRAPHY": TokenType.GEOGRAPHY,
 54            "HLLSKETCH": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
 55            "SUPER": TokenType.SUPER,
 56            "TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
 57            "TIMETZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
 58            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
 59            "UNLOAD": TokenType.COMMAND,
 60            "VARBYTE": TokenType.VARBINARY,
 61        }
 62
 63    class Generator(Postgres.Generator):
 64        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 65            **Postgres.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
 66            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBYTE",
 67            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "VARBYTE",
 68            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
 69        }
 70
 71        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 72            **Postgres.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
 73            exp.LikeProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_WITH,
 74        }
 75
 76        TRANSFORMS = {
 77            **Postgres.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
 78            **transforms.ELIMINATE_DISTINCT_ON,  # type: ignore
 79            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
 80                "DATEDIFF", e.args.get("unit") or "day", e.expression, e.this
 81            ),
 82            exp.DistKeyProperty: lambda self, e: f"DISTKEY({e.name})",
 83            exp.SortKeyProperty: lambda self, e: f"{'COMPOUND ' if e.args['compound'] else ''}SORTKEY({self.format_args(*e.this)})",
 84            exp.DistStyleProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
 85            exp.Matches: rename_func("DECODE"),
 86        }
 87
 88        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
 89            """
 90            Converts `VALUES...` expression into a series of unions.
 91
 92            Note: If you have a lot of unions then this will result in a large number of recursive statements to
 93            evaluate the expression. You may need to increase `sys.setrecursionlimit` to run and it can also be
 94            very slow.
 95            """
 96            if not isinstance(expression.unnest().parent, exp.From):
 97                return super().values_sql(expression)
 98            rows = [tuple_exp.expressions for tuple_exp in expression.expressions]
 99            selects = []
100            for i, row in enumerate(rows):
101                if i == 0 and expression.alias:
102                    row = [
103                        exp.alias_(value, column_name)
104                        for value, column_name in zip(row, expression.args["alias"].args["columns"])
105                    ]
106                selects.append(exp.Select(expressions=row))
107            subquery_expression = selects[0]
108            if len(selects) > 1:
109                for select in selects[1:]:
110                    subquery_expression = exp.union(subquery_expression, select, distinct=False)
111            return self.subquery_sql(subquery_expression.subquery(expression.alias))
112
113        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
114            """Redshift doesn't have `WITH` as part of their with_properties so we remove it"""
115            return self.properties(properties, prefix=" ", suffix="")
116
117        def renametable_sql(self, expression: exp.RenameTable) -> str:
118            """Redshift only supports defining the table name itself (not the db) when renaming tables"""
119            expression = expression.copy()
120            target_table = expression.this
121            for arg in target_table.args:
122                if arg != "this":
123                    target_table.set(arg, None)
124            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
125            return f"RENAME TO {this}"
126
127        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
128            """
129            Redshift converts the `TEXT` data type to `VARCHAR(255)` by default when people more generally mean
130            VARCHAR of max length which is `VARCHAR(max)` in Redshift. Therefore if we get a `TEXT` data type
131            without precision we convert it to `VARCHAR(max)` and if it does have precision then we just convert
132            `TEXT` to `VARCHAR`.
133            """
134            if expression.this == exp.DataType.Type.TEXT:
135                expression = expression.copy()
136                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
137                precision = expression.args.get("expressions")
138                if not precision:
139                    expression.append("expressions", exp.Var(this="MAX"))
140            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

class Redshift(sqlglot.dialects.postgres.Postgres): View Source

 13class Redshift(Postgres):
 14    time_format = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS'"
 15    time_mapping = {
 16        **Postgres.time_mapping,  # type: ignore
 17        "MON": "%b",
 18        "HH": "%H",
 19    }
 20
 21    class Parser(Postgres.Parser):
 22        FUNCTIONS = {
 23            **Postgres.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
 24            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
 25                this=seq_get(args, 2),
 26                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
 27                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
 28            ),
 29            "DECODE": exp.Matches.from_arg_list,
 30            "NVL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list,
 31        }
 32
 33        CONVERT_TYPE_FIRST = True
 34
 35        def _parse_types(self, check_func: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 36            this = super()._parse_types(check_func=check_func)
 37
 38            if (
 39                isinstance(this, exp.DataType)
 40                and this.this == exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR
 41                and this.expressions
 42                and this.expressions[0] == exp.column("MAX")
 43            ):
 44                this.set("expressions", [exp.Var(this="MAX")])
 45
 46            return this
 47
 48    class Tokenizer(Postgres.Tokenizer):
 49        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
 50
 51        KEYWORDS = {
 52            **Postgres.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,  # type: ignore
 53            "GEOMETRY": TokenType.GEOMETRY,
 54            "GEOGRAPHY": TokenType.GEOGRAPHY,
 55            "HLLSKETCH": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
 56            "SUPER": TokenType.SUPER,
 57            "TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
 58            "TIMETZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
 59            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
 60            "UNLOAD": TokenType.COMMAND,
 61            "VARBYTE": TokenType.VARBINARY,
 62        }
 63
 64    class Generator(Postgres.Generator):
 65        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 66            **Postgres.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
 67            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBYTE",
 68            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "VARBYTE",
 69            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
 70        }
 71
 72        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 73            **Postgres.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
 74            exp.LikeProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_WITH,
 75        }
 76
 77        TRANSFORMS = {
 78            **Postgres.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
 79            **transforms.ELIMINATE_DISTINCT_ON,  # type: ignore
 80            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
 81                "DATEDIFF", e.args.get("unit") or "day", e.expression, e.this
 82            ),
 83            exp.DistKeyProperty: lambda self, e: f"DISTKEY({e.name})",
 84            exp.SortKeyProperty: lambda self, e: f"{'COMPOUND ' if e.args['compound'] else ''}SORTKEY({self.format_args(*e.this)})",
 85            exp.DistStyleProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
 86            exp.Matches: rename_func("DECODE"),
 87        }
 88
 89        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
 90            """
 91            Converts `VALUES...` expression into a series of unions.
 92
 93            Note: If you have a lot of unions then this will result in a large number of recursive statements to
 94            evaluate the expression. You may need to increase `sys.setrecursionlimit` to run and it can also be
 95            very slow.
 96            """
 97            if not isinstance(expression.unnest().parent, exp.From):
 98                return super().values_sql(expression)
 99            rows = [tuple_exp.expressions for tuple_exp in expression.expressions]
100            selects = []
101            for i, row in enumerate(rows):
102                if i == 0 and expression.alias:
103                    row = [
104                        exp.alias_(value, column_name)
105                        for value, column_name in zip(row, expression.args["alias"].args["columns"])
106                    ]
107                selects.append(exp.Select(expressions=row))
108            subquery_expression = selects[0]
109            if len(selects) > 1:
110                for select in selects[1:]:
111                    subquery_expression = exp.union(subquery_expression, select, distinct=False)
112            return self.subquery_sql(subquery_expression.subquery(expression.alias))
113
114        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
115            """Redshift doesn't have `WITH` as part of their with_properties so we remove it"""
116            return self.properties(properties, prefix=" ", suffix="")
117
118        def renametable_sql(self, expression: exp.RenameTable) -> str:
119            """Redshift only supports defining the table name itself (not the db) when renaming tables"""
120            expression = expression.copy()
121            target_table = expression.this
122            for arg in target_table.args:
123                if arg != "this":
124                    target_table.set(arg, None)
125            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
126            return f"RENAME TO {this}"
127
128        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
129            """
130            Redshift converts the `TEXT` data type to `VARCHAR(255)` by default when people more generally mean
131            VARCHAR of max length which is `VARCHAR(max)` in Redshift. Therefore if we get a `TEXT` data type
132            without precision we convert it to `VARCHAR(max)` and if it does have precision then we just convert
133            `TEXT` to `VARCHAR`.
134            """
135            if expression.this == exp.DataType.Type.TEXT:
136                expression = expression.copy()
137                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
138                precision = expression.args.get("expressions")
139                if not precision:
140                    expression.append("expressions", exp.Var(this="MAX"))
141            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect: get_or_raise; format_time; parse; parse_into; generate; transpile; parser; generator

class Redshift.Parser(sqlglot.dialects.postgres.Postgres.Parser): View Source

21    class Parser(Postgres.Parser):
22        FUNCTIONS = {
23            **Postgres.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
24            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
25                this=seq_get(args, 2),
26                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
27                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
28            ),
29            "DECODE": exp.Matches.from_arg_list,
30            "NVL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list,
31        }
32
33        CONVERT_TYPE_FIRST = True
34
35        def _parse_types(self, check_func: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
36            this = super()._parse_types(check_func=check_func)
37
38            if (
39                isinstance(this, exp.DataType)
40                and this.this == exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR
41                and this.expressions
42                and this.expressions[0] == exp.column("MAX")
43            ):
44                this.set("expressions", [exp.Var(this="MAX")])
45
46            return this

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:

error_level: the desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.RAISE
error_message_context: determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 50.
index_offset: Index offset for arrays eg ARRAY[0] vs ARRAY[1] as the head of a list. Default: 0
alias_post_tablesample: If the table alias comes after tablesample. Default: False
max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
null_ordering: Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"

Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser: Parser; reset; parse; parse_into; check_errors; raise_error; expression; validate_expression

class Redshift.Tokenizer(sqlglot.dialects.postgres.Postgres.Tokenizer): View Source

48    class Tokenizer(Postgres.Tokenizer):
49        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
50
51        KEYWORDS = {
52            **Postgres.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,  # type: ignore
53            "GEOMETRY": TokenType.GEOMETRY,
54            "GEOGRAPHY": TokenType.GEOGRAPHY,
55            "HLLSKETCH": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
56            "SUPER": TokenType.SUPER,
57            "TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
58            "TIMETZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
59            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
60            "UNLOAD": TokenType.COMMAND,
61            "VARBYTE": TokenType.VARBINARY,
62        }

Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer: reset; tokenize

class Redshift.Generator(sqlglot.dialects.postgres.Postgres.Generator): View Source

 64    class Generator(Postgres.Generator):
 65        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 66            **Postgres.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
 67            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBYTE",
 68            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "VARBYTE",
 69            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
 70        }
 71
 72        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 73            **Postgres.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
 74            exp.LikeProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_WITH,
 75        }
 76
 77        TRANSFORMS = {
 78            **Postgres.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
 79            **transforms.ELIMINATE_DISTINCT_ON,  # type: ignore
 80            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
 81                "DATEDIFF", e.args.get("unit") or "day", e.expression, e.this
 82            ),
 83            exp.DistKeyProperty: lambda self, e: f"DISTKEY({e.name})",
 84            exp.SortKeyProperty: lambda self, e: f"{'COMPOUND ' if e.args['compound'] else ''}SORTKEY({self.format_args(*e.this)})",
 85            exp.DistStyleProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
 86            exp.Matches: rename_func("DECODE"),
 87        }
 88
 89        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
 90            """
 91            Converts `VALUES...` expression into a series of unions.
 92
 93            Note: If you have a lot of unions then this will result in a large number of recursive statements to
 94            evaluate the expression. You may need to increase `sys.setrecursionlimit` to run and it can also be
 95            very slow.
 96            """
 97            if not isinstance(expression.unnest().parent, exp.From):
 98                return super().values_sql(expression)
 99            rows = [tuple_exp.expressions for tuple_exp in expression.expressions]
100            selects = []
101            for i, row in enumerate(rows):
102                if i == 0 and expression.alias:
103                    row = [
104                        exp.alias_(value, column_name)
105                        for value, column_name in zip(row, expression.args["alias"].args["columns"])
106                    ]
107                selects.append(exp.Select(expressions=row))
108            subquery_expression = selects[0]
109            if len(selects) > 1:
110                for select in selects[1:]:
111                    subquery_expression = exp.union(subquery_expression, select, distinct=False)
112            return self.subquery_sql(subquery_expression.subquery(expression.alias))
113
114        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
115            """Redshift doesn't have `WITH` as part of their with_properties so we remove it"""
116            return self.properties(properties, prefix=" ", suffix="")
117
118        def renametable_sql(self, expression: exp.RenameTable) -> str:
119            """Redshift only supports defining the table name itself (not the db) when renaming tables"""
120            expression = expression.copy()
121            target_table = expression.this
122            for arg in target_table.args:
123                if arg != "this":
124                    target_table.set(arg, None)
125            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
126            return f"RENAME TO {this}"
127
128        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
129            """
130            Redshift converts the `TEXT` data type to `VARCHAR(255)` by default when people more generally mean
131            VARCHAR of max length which is `VARCHAR(max)` in Redshift. Therefore if we get a `TEXT` data type
132            without precision we convert it to `VARCHAR(max)` and if it does have precision then we just convert
133            `TEXT` to `VARCHAR`.
134            """
135            if expression.this == exp.DataType.Type.TEXT:
136                expression = expression.copy()
137                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
138                precision = expression.args.get("expressions")
139                if not precision:
140                    expression.append("expressions", exp.Var(this="MAX"))
141            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

Generator interprets the given syntax tree and produces a SQL string as an output.

Arguments:

time_mapping (dict): the dictionary of custom time mappings in which the key represents a python time format and the output the target time format
time_trie (trie): a trie of the time_mapping keys
pretty (bool): if set to True the returned string will be formatted. Default: False.
quote_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
quote_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
identifier_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
identifier_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
identify (bool): if set to True all identifiers will be delimited by the corresponding character.
normalize (bool): if set to True all identifiers will lower cased
string_escape (str): specifies a string escape character. Default: '.
identifier_escape (str): specifies an identifier escape character. Default: ".
pad (int): determines padding in a formatted string. Default: 2.
indent (int): determines the size of indentation in a formatted string. Default: 4.
unnest_column_only (bool): if true unnest table aliases are considered only as column aliases
normalize_functions (str): normalize function names, "upper", "lower", or None Default: "upper"
alias_post_tablesample (bool): if the table alias comes after tablesample Default: False
unsupported_level (ErrorLevel): determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
null_ordering (str): Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"
max_unsupported (int): Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
leading_comma (bool): if the the comma is leading or trailing in select statements Default: False
max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

def values_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values) -> str: View Source

 89        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
 90            """
 91            Converts `VALUES...` expression into a series of unions.
 92
 93            Note: If you have a lot of unions then this will result in a large number of recursive statements to
 94            evaluate the expression. You may need to increase `sys.setrecursionlimit` to run and it can also be
 95            very slow.
 96            """
 97            if not isinstance(expression.unnest().parent, exp.From):
 98                return super().values_sql(expression)
 99            rows = [tuple_exp.expressions for tuple_exp in expression.expressions]
100            selects = []
101            for i, row in enumerate(rows):
102                if i == 0 and expression.alias:
103                    row = [
104                        exp.alias_(value, column_name)
105                        for value, column_name in zip(row, expression.args["alias"].args["columns"])
106                    ]
107                selects.append(exp.Select(expressions=row))
108            subquery_expression = selects[0]
109            if len(selects) > 1:
110                for select in selects[1:]:
111                    subquery_expression = exp.union(subquery_expression, select, distinct=False)
112            return self.subquery_sql(subquery_expression.subquery(expression.alias))

Converts VALUES... expression into a series of unions.

Note: If you have a lot of unions then this will result in a large number of recursive statements to evaluate the expression. You may need to increase sys.setrecursionlimit to run and it can also be very slow.

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

114        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
115            """Redshift doesn't have `WITH` as part of their with_properties so we remove it"""
116            return self.properties(properties, prefix=" ", suffix="")

Redshift doesn't have WITH as part of their with_properties so we remove it

def renametable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RenameTable) -> str: View Source

118        def renametable_sql(self, expression: exp.RenameTable) -> str:
119            """Redshift only supports defining the table name itself (not the db) when renaming tables"""
120            expression = expression.copy()
121            target_table = expression.this
122            for arg in target_table.args:
123                if arg != "this":
124                    target_table.set(arg, None)
125            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
126            return f"RENAME TO {this}"

Redshift only supports defining the table name itself (not the db) when renaming tables

def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str: View Source

128        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
129            """
130            Redshift converts the `TEXT` data type to `VARCHAR(255)` by default when people more generally mean
131            VARCHAR of max length which is `VARCHAR(max)` in Redshift. Therefore if we get a `TEXT` data type
132            without precision we convert it to `VARCHAR(max)` and if it does have precision then we just convert
133            `TEXT` to `VARCHAR`.
134            """
135            if expression.this == exp.DataType.Type.TEXT:
136                expression = expression.copy()
137                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
138                precision = expression.args.get("expressions")
139                if not precision:
140                    expression.append("expressions", exp.Var(this="MAX"))
141            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

Redshift converts the TEXT data type to VARCHAR(255) by default when people more generally mean VARCHAR of max length which is VARCHAR(max) in Redshift. Therefore if we get a TEXT data type without precision we convert it to VARCHAR(max) and if it does have precision then we just convert TEXT to VARCHAR.

Inherited Members

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