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sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import typing as t
  4
  5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
  6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
  7    Dialect,
  8    binary_from_function,
  9    date_trunc_to_time,
 10    datestrtodate_sql,
 11    format_time_lambda,
 12    if_sql,
 13    inline_array_sql,
 14    max_or_greatest,
 15    min_or_least,
 16    rename_func,
 17    timestamptrunc_sql,
 18    timestrtotime_sql,
 19    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
 20    var_map_sql,
 21)
 22from sqlglot.expressions import Literal
 23from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
 24from sqlglot.parser import binary_range_parser
 25from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 26
 27
 28def _check_int(s: str) -> bool:
 29    if s[0] in ("-", "+"):
 30        return s[1:].isdigit()
 31    return s.isdigit()
 32
 33
 34# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
 35def _parse_to_timestamp(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StrToTime, exp.UnixToTime]:
 36    if len(args) == 2:
 37        first_arg, second_arg = args
 38        if second_arg.is_string:
 39            # case: <string_expr> [ , <format> ]
 40            return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
 41
 42        # case: <numeric_expr> [ , <scale> ]
 43        if second_arg.name not in ["0", "3", "9"]:
 44            raise ValueError(
 45                f"Scale for snowflake numeric timestamp is {second_arg}, but should be 0, 3, or 9"
 46            )
 47
 48        if second_arg.name == "0":
 49            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS
 50        elif second_arg.name == "3":
 51            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
 52        elif second_arg.name == "9":
 53            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
 54
 55        return exp.UnixToTime(this=first_arg, scale=timescale)
 56
 57    from sqlglot.optimizer.simplify import simplify_literals
 58
 59    # The first argument might be an expression like 40 * 365 * 86400, so we try to
 60    # reduce it using `simplify_literals` first and then check if it's a Literal.
 61    first_arg = seq_get(args, 0)
 62    if not isinstance(simplify_literals(first_arg, root=True), Literal):
 63        # case: <variant_expr>
 64        return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake", default=True)(args)
 65
 66    if first_arg.is_string:
 67        if _check_int(first_arg.this):
 68            # case: <integer>
 69            return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
 70
 71        # case: <date_expr>
 72        return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake", default=True)(args)
 73
 74    # case: <numeric_expr>
 75    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
 76
 77
 78def _parse_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
 79    expression = parser.parse_var_map(args)
 80
 81    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
 82        return expression
 83
 84    return exp.Struct(
 85        expressions=[
 86            t.cast(exp.Condition, k).eq(v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
 87        ]
 88    )
 89
 90
 91def _parse_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
 92    return exp.DateDiff(this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0))
 93
 94
 95def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
 96    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
 97    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
 98    if scale in [None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS]:
 99        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp})"
100    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS:
101        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp}, 3)"
102    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MICROS:
103        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp}, 9)"
104
105    raise ValueError("Improper scale for timestamp")
106
107
108# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
109# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
110def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
111    this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
112
113    if not this:
114        return None
115
116    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
117    expression = self._parse_bitwise()
118
119    name = this.name.upper()
120    if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
121        if name.startswith("EPOCH_MILLISECOND"):
122            scale = 10**3
123        elif name.startswith("EPOCH_MICROSECOND"):
124            scale = 10**6
125        elif name.startswith("EPOCH_NANOSECOND"):
126            scale = 10**9
127        else:
128            scale = None
129
130        ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
131        to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
132
133        if scale:
134            to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
135
136        return to_unix
137
138    return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
139
140
141# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
142def _div0_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
143    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
144    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
145    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
146    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
147
148
149# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
150def _zeroifnull_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
151    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
152    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
153
154
155# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
156def _nullifzero_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
157    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
158    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
159
160
161def _datatype_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
162    if expression.is_type("array"):
163        return "ARRAY"
164    elif expression.is_type("map"):
165        return "OBJECT"
166    return self.datatype_sql(expression)
167
168
169def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
170    flag = expression.text("flag")
171
172    if "i" not in flag:
173        flag += "i"
174
175    return self.func(
176        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
177    )
178
179
180def _parse_convert_timezone(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.Anonymous, exp.AtTimeZone]:
181    if len(args) == 3:
182        return exp.Anonymous(this="CONVERT_TIMEZONE", expressions=args)
183    return exp.AtTimeZone(this=seq_get(args, 1), zone=seq_get(args, 0))
184
185
186def _parse_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
187    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
188
189    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
190        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
191
192    return regexp_replace
193
194
195def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
196    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
197        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
198
199    return _parse
200
201
202class Snowflake(Dialect):
203    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
204    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = True
205    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
206    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
207    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
208    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
209
210    TIME_MAPPING = {
211        "YYYY": "%Y",
212        "yyyy": "%Y",
213        "YY": "%y",
214        "yy": "%y",
215        "MMMM": "%B",
216        "mmmm": "%B",
217        "MON": "%b",
218        "mon": "%b",
219        "MM": "%m",
220        "mm": "%m",
221        "DD": "%d",
222        "dd": "%-d",
223        "DY": "%a",
224        "dy": "%w",
225        "HH24": "%H",
226        "hh24": "%H",
227        "HH12": "%I",
228        "hh12": "%I",
229        "MI": "%M",
230        "mi": "%M",
231        "SS": "%S",
232        "ss": "%S",
233        "FF": "%f",
234        "ff": "%f",
235        "FF6": "%f",
236        "ff6": "%f",
237    }
238
239    class Parser(parser.Parser):
240        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
241
242        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
243
244        FUNCTIONS = {
245            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
246            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
247            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
248            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
249                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
250                start=seq_get(args, 0),
251                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
252                step=seq_get(args, 2),
253            ),
254            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
255            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
256            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
257            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
258            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
259            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
260            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
261                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
262            ),
263            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
264            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
265            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
266            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
267            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
268            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
269            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
270            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
271            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
272            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
273            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
274            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
275            "TO_ARRAY": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
276            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
277            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
278            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
279        }
280
281        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
282            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
283            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
284        }
285        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
286
287        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
288            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,
289            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this, path: self.expression(
290                exp.Bracket, this=this, expressions=[path]
291            ),
292        }
293
294        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
295
296        RANGE_PARSERS = {
297            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
298            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
299            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
300        }
301
302        ALTER_PARSERS = {
303            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
304            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
305            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
306                exp.Set,
307                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
308                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
309                unset=True,
310            ),
311        }
312
313        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
314            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
315            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
316        }
317
318        SHOW_PARSERS = {
319            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
320            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
321        }
322
323        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
324            TokenType.DOT,
325            TokenType.MOD,
326            TokenType.SLASH,
327        }
328
329        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
330            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
331            table: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
332            if self._match_text_seq("@"):
333                table_name = "@"
334                while True:
335                    self._advance()
336                    table_name += self._prev.text
337                    if not self._match_set(self.STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS, advance=False):
338                        break
339                    while self._match_set(self.STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS):
340                        table_name += self._prev.text
341
342                table = exp.var(table_name)
343            elif self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
344                table = self._parse_string()
345
346            if table:
347                file_format = None
348                pattern = None
349
350                if self._match_text_seq("(", "FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
351                    file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts()
352                    if self._match_text_seq(",", "PATTERN", "=>"):
353                        pattern = self._parse_string()
354                    self._match_r_paren()
355
356                return self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
357
358            return super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
359
360        def _parse_id_var(
361            self,
362            any_token: bool = True,
363            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
364        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
365            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
366                identifier = (
367                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
368                    or self._parse_string()
369                )
370                self._match_r_paren()
371                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
372
373            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
374
375        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
376            scope = None
377            scope_kind = None
378
379            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
380                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
381                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
382                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
383                    scope_kind = self._prev.text
384                    if self._curr:
385                        scope = self._parse_table()
386                elif self._curr:
387                    scope_kind = "TABLE"
388                    scope = self._parse_table()
389
390            return self.expression(exp.Show, this=this, scope=scope, scope_kind=scope_kind)
391
392    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
393        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
394        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
395        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
396        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
397
398        KEYWORDS = {
399            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
400            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
401            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
402            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
403            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
404            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
405            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
406            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
407            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
408            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
409            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
410            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
411            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
412            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
413            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
414            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
415            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
416            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
417        }
418
419        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
420            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
421            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
422        }
423
424        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
425
426        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
427
428    class Generator(generator.Generator):
429        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
430        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
431        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
432        JOIN_HINTS = False
433        TABLE_HINTS = False
434        QUERY_HINTS = False
435        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
436        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
437        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
438
439        TRANSFORMS = {
440            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
441            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
442            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
443            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
444            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
445                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
446            ),
447            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
448            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func("DATEADD", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this),
449            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
450                "DATEDIFF", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this
451            ),
452            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
453            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
454            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
455            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
456            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
457                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
458            ),
459            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
460            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
461            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
462            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
463            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
464            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
465            exp.Min: min_or_least,
466            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
467            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
468                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
469            ),
470            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
471                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
472            ),
473            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
474            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
475                [
476                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
477                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(0),
478                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
479                ]
480            ),
481            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
482            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
483            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
484                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
485            ),
486            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
487            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
488                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
489                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
490            ),
491            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
492            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
493            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
494            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
495                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
496            ),
497            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
498            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
499            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
500            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("snowflake"),
501            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
502            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
503            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
504            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
505        }
506
507        TYPE_MAPPING = {
508            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
509            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
510        }
511
512        STAR_MAPPING = {
513            "except": "EXCLUDE",
514            "replace": "RENAME",
515        }
516
517        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
518            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
519            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
520            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
521        }
522
523        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
524            selects = ["value"]
525            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
526
527            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
528            if offset:
529                if unnest_alias:
530                    expression = expression.copy()
531                    unnest_alias.append("columns", offset.pop())
532
533                selects.append("index")
534
535            subquery = exp.Subquery(
536                this=exp.select(*selects).from_(
537                    f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
538                ),
539            )
540            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
541            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
542            return f"{self.sql(subquery)}{alias}"
543
544        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
545            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
546            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
547
548            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
549            if scope_kind:
550                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
551
552            return f"SHOW {expression.name}{scope_kind}{scope}"
553
554        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
555            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
556            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
557            group = expression.args.get("group")
558            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
559            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
560            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
561
562            return self.func(
563                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
564                expression.this,
565                expression.expression,
566                position,
567                occurrence,
568                parameters,
569                group,
570            )
571
572        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
573            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
574                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
575            return super().except_op(expression)
576
577        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
578            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
579                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
580            return super().intersect_op(expression)
581
582        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
583            # Default to table if kind is unknown
584            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
585            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
586            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
587            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
588            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
589            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
590
591        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
592            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
593        ) -> str:
594            start = expression.args.get("start")
595            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
596            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
597            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
598            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

203class Snowflake(Dialect):
204    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
205    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = True
206    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
207    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
208    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
209    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
210
211    TIME_MAPPING = {
212        "YYYY": "%Y",
213        "yyyy": "%Y",
214        "YY": "%y",
215        "yy": "%y",
216        "MMMM": "%B",
217        "mmmm": "%B",
218        "MON": "%b",
219        "mon": "%b",
220        "MM": "%m",
221        "mm": "%m",
222        "DD": "%d",
223        "dd": "%-d",
224        "DY": "%a",
225        "dy": "%w",
226        "HH24": "%H",
227        "hh24": "%H",
228        "HH12": "%I",
229        "hh12": "%I",
230        "MI": "%M",
231        "mi": "%M",
232        "SS": "%S",
233        "ss": "%S",
234        "FF": "%f",
235        "ff": "%f",
236        "FF6": "%f",
237        "ff6": "%f",
238    }
239
240    class Parser(parser.Parser):
241        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
242
243        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
244
245        FUNCTIONS = {
246            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
247            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
248            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
249            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
250                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
251                start=seq_get(args, 0),
252                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
253                step=seq_get(args, 2),
254            ),
255            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
256            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
257            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
258            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
259            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
260            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
261            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
262                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
263            ),
264            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
265            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
266            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
267            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
268            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
269            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
270            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
271            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
272            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
273            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
274            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
275            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
276            "TO_ARRAY": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
277            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
278            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
279            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
280        }
281
282        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
283            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
284            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
285        }
286        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
287
288        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
289            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,
290            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this, path: self.expression(
291                exp.Bracket, this=this, expressions=[path]
292            ),
293        }
294
295        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
296
297        RANGE_PARSERS = {
298            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
299            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
300            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
301        }
302
303        ALTER_PARSERS = {
304            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
305            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
306            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
307                exp.Set,
308                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
309                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
310                unset=True,
311            ),
312        }
313
314        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
315            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
316            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
317        }
318
319        SHOW_PARSERS = {
320            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
321            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
322        }
323
324        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
325            TokenType.DOT,
326            TokenType.MOD,
327            TokenType.SLASH,
328        }
329
330        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
331            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
332            table: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
333            if self._match_text_seq("@"):
334                table_name = "@"
335                while True:
336                    self._advance()
337                    table_name += self._prev.text
338                    if not self._match_set(self.STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS, advance=False):
339                        break
340                    while self._match_set(self.STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS):
341                        table_name += self._prev.text
342
343                table = exp.var(table_name)
344            elif self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
345                table = self._parse_string()
346
347            if table:
348                file_format = None
349                pattern = None
350
351                if self._match_text_seq("(", "FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
352                    file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts()
353                    if self._match_text_seq(",", "PATTERN", "=>"):
354                        pattern = self._parse_string()
355                    self._match_r_paren()
356
357                return self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
358
359            return super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
360
361        def _parse_id_var(
362            self,
363            any_token: bool = True,
364            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
365        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
366            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
367                identifier = (
368                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
369                    or self._parse_string()
370                )
371                self._match_r_paren()
372                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
373
374            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
375
376        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
377            scope = None
378            scope_kind = None
379
380            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
381                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
382                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
383                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
384                    scope_kind = self._prev.text
385                    if self._curr:
386                        scope = self._parse_table()
387                elif self._curr:
388                    scope_kind = "TABLE"
389                    scope = self._parse_table()
390
391            return self.expression(exp.Show, this=this, scope=scope, scope_kind=scope_kind)
392
393    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
394        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
395        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
396        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
397        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
398
399        KEYWORDS = {
400            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
401            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
402            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
403            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
404            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
405            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
406            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
407            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
408            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
409            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
410            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
411            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
412            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
413            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
414            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
415            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
416            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
417            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
418        }
419
420        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
421            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
422            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
423        }
424
425        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
426
427        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
428
429    class Generator(generator.Generator):
430        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
431        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
432        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
433        JOIN_HINTS = False
434        TABLE_HINTS = False
435        QUERY_HINTS = False
436        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
437        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
438        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
439
440        TRANSFORMS = {
441            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
442            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
443            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
444            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
445            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
446                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
447            ),
448            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
449            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func("DATEADD", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this),
450            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
451                "DATEDIFF", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this
452            ),
453            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
454            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
455            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
456            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
457            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
458                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
459            ),
460            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
461            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
462            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
463            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
464            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
465            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
466            exp.Min: min_or_least,
467            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
468            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
469                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
470            ),
471            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
472                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
473            ),
474            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
475            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
476                [
477                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
478                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(0),
479                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
480                ]
481            ),
482            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
483            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
484            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
485                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
486            ),
487            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
488            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
489                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
490                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
491            ),
492            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
493            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
494            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
495            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
496                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
497            ),
498            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
499            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
500            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
501            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("snowflake"),
502            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
503            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
504            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
505            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
506        }
507
508        TYPE_MAPPING = {
509            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
510            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
511        }
512
513        STAR_MAPPING = {
514            "except": "EXCLUDE",
515            "replace": "RENAME",
516        }
517
518        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
519            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
520            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
521            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
522        }
523
524        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
525            selects = ["value"]
526            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
527
528            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
529            if offset:
530                if unnest_alias:
531                    expression = expression.copy()
532                    unnest_alias.append("columns", offset.pop())
533
534                selects.append("index")
535
536            subquery = exp.Subquery(
537                this=exp.select(*selects).from_(
538                    f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
539                ),
540            )
541            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
542            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
543            return f"{self.sql(subquery)}{alias}"
544
545        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
546            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
547            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
548
549            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
550            if scope_kind:
551                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
552
553            return f"SHOW {expression.name}{scope_kind}{scope}"
554
555        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
556            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
557            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
558            group = expression.args.get("group")
559            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
560            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
561            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
562
563            return self.func(
564                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
565                expression.this,
566                expression.expression,
567                position,
568                occurrence,
569                parameters,
570                group,
571            )
572
573        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
574            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
575                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
576            return super().except_op(expression)
577
578        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
579            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
580                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
581            return super().intersect_op(expression)
582
583        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
584            # Default to table if kind is unknown
585            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
586            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
587            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
588            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
589            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
590            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
591
592        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
593            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
594        ) -> str:
595            start = expression.args.get("start")
596            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
597            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
598            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
599            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE: Optional[bool] = True

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"

SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>

parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>

generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>

TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}

FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}

INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}

INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}

INVERSE_ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}

QUOTE_START = "'"

QUOTE_END = "'"

IDENTIFIER_START = '"'

IDENTIFIER_END = '"'

BIT_START = None

BIT_END = None

HEX_START = "x'"

HEX_END = "'"

BYTE_START = None

BYTE_END = None

Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect: INDEX_OFFSET; UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY; ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE; IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT; DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT; STRICT_STRING_CONCAT; NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS; LOG_BASE_FIRST; DATE_FORMAT; DATEINT_FORMAT; FORMAT_MAPPING; ESCAPE_SEQUENCES; PSEUDOCOLUMNS; get_or_raise; format_time; normalize_identifier; case_sensitive; can_identify; quote_identifier; parse; parse_into; generate; transpile; tokenize; tokenizer; parser; generator

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

393    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
394        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
395        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
396        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
397        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
398
399        KEYWORDS = {
400            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
401            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
402            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
403            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
404            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
405            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
406            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
407            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
408            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
409            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
410            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
411            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
412            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
413            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
414            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
415            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
416            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
417            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
418        }
419
420        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
421            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
422            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
423        }
424
425        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
426
427        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}

STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]

HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]

RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']

COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]

KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>}

SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, "'": <TokenType.QUOTE: 'QUOTE'>, '`': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '"': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}

VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}

COMMANDS = {<TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>}

Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer: BIT_STRINGS; BYTE_STRINGS; HEREDOC_STRINGS; IDENTIFIERS; IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES; QUOTES; ESCAPE_SEQUENCES; IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT; WHITE_SPACE; COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS; NUMERIC_LITERALS; ENCODE; reset; tokenize; peek; size; sql; tokens

sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

Inherited Members

Arguments:

Inherited Members

Inherited Members

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Inherited Members