sqlglot.dialects.tsql
1from __future__ import annotations 2 3import datetime 4import re 5import typing as t 6 7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms 8from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import ( 9 Dialect, 10 any_value_to_max_sql, 11 max_or_greatest, 12 min_or_least, 13 move_insert_cte_sql, 14 parse_date_delta, 15 rename_func, 16 timestrtotime_sql, 17) 18from sqlglot.expressions import DataType 19from sqlglot.helper import seq_get 20from sqlglot.time import format_time 21from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType 22 23if t.TYPE_CHECKING: 24 from sqlglot._typing import E 25 26FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = { 27 "weekday": "%A", 28 "dw": "%A", 29 "w": "%A", 30 "month": "%B", 31 "mm": "%B", 32 "m": "%B", 33} 34 35DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL = { 36 "year": "year", 37 "yyyy": "year", 38 "yy": "year", 39 "quarter": "quarter", 40 "qq": "quarter", 41 "q": "quarter", 42 "month": "month", 43 "mm": "month", 44 "m": "month", 45 "week": "week", 46 "ww": "week", 47 "wk": "week", 48 "day": "day", 49 "dd": "day", 50 "d": "day", 51} 52 53 54DATE_FMT_RE = re.compile("([dD]{1,2})|([mM]{1,2})|([yY]{1,4})|([hH]{1,2})|([sS]{1,2})") 55 56# N = Numeric, C=Currency 57TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT = {"N", "C"} 58 59DEFAULT_START_DATE = datetime.date(1900, 1, 1) 60 61BIT_TYPES = {exp.EQ, exp.NEQ, exp.Is, exp.In, exp.Select, exp.Alias} 62 63 64def _format_time_lambda( 65 exp_class: t.Type[E], full_format_mapping: t.Optional[bool] = None 66) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]: 67 def _format_time(args: t.List) -> E: 68 assert len(args) == 2 69 70 return exp_class( 71 this=exp.cast(args[1], "datetime"), 72 format=exp.Literal.string( 73 format_time( 74 args[0].name.lower(), 75 {**TSQL.TIME_MAPPING, **FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING} 76 if full_format_mapping 77 else TSQL.TIME_MAPPING, 78 ) 79 ), 80 ) 81 82 return _format_time 83 84 85def _parse_format(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression: 86 this = seq_get(args, 0) 87 fmt = seq_get(args, 1) 88 culture = seq_get(args, 2) 89 90 number_fmt = fmt and (fmt.name in TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT or not DATE_FMT_RE.search(fmt.name)) 91 92 if number_fmt: 93 return exp.NumberToStr(this=this, format=fmt, culture=culture) 94 95 if fmt: 96 fmt = exp.Literal.string( 97 format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING) 98 if len(fmt.name) == 1 99 else format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.TIME_MAPPING) 100 ) 101 102 return exp.TimeToStr(this=this, format=fmt, culture=culture) 103 104 105def _parse_eomonth(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression: 106 date = seq_get(args, 0) 107 month_lag = seq_get(args, 1) 108 unit = DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL.get("month") 109 110 if month_lag is None: 111 return exp.LastDateOfMonth(this=date) 112 113 # Remove month lag argument in parser as its compared with the number of arguments of the resulting class 114 args.remove(month_lag) 115 116 return exp.LastDateOfMonth(this=exp.DateAdd(this=date, expression=month_lag, unit=unit)) 117 118 119def _parse_hashbytes(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression: 120 kind, data = args 121 kind = kind.name.upper() if kind.is_string else "" 122 123 if kind == "MD5": 124 args.pop(0) 125 return exp.MD5(this=data) 126 if kind in ("SHA", "SHA1"): 127 args.pop(0) 128 return exp.SHA(this=data) 129 if kind == "SHA2_256": 130 return exp.SHA2(this=data, length=exp.Literal.number(256)) 131 if kind == "SHA2_512": 132 return exp.SHA2(this=data, length=exp.Literal.number(512)) 133 134 return exp.func("HASHBYTES", *args) 135 136 137def generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql( 138 self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.DateAdd | exp.DateDiff 139) -> str: 140 func = "DATEADD" if isinstance(expression, exp.DateAdd) else "DATEDIFF" 141 return self.func(func, expression.text("unit"), expression.expression, expression.this) 142 143 144def _format_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.NumberToStr | exp.TimeToStr) -> str: 145 fmt = ( 146 expression.args["format"] 147 if isinstance(expression, exp.NumberToStr) 148 else exp.Literal.string( 149 format_time( 150 expression.text("format"), 151 t.cast(t.Dict[str, str], TSQL.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING), 152 ) 153 ) 154 ) 155 return self.func("FORMAT", expression.this, fmt, expression.args.get("culture")) 156 157 158def _string_agg_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str: 159 expression = expression.copy() 160 161 this = expression.this 162 distinct = expression.find(exp.Distinct) 163 if distinct: 164 # exp.Distinct can appear below an exp.Order or an exp.GroupConcat expression 165 self.unsupported("T-SQL STRING_AGG doesn't support DISTINCT.") 166 this = distinct.pop().expressions[0] 167 168 order = "" 169 if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order): 170 if expression.this.this: 171 this = expression.this.this.pop() 172 order = f" WITHIN GROUP ({self.sql(expression.this)[1:]})" # Order has a leading space 173 174 separator = expression.args.get("separator") or exp.Literal.string(",") 175 return f"STRING_AGG({self.format_args(this, separator)}){order}" 176 177 178def _parse_date_delta( 179 exp_class: t.Type[E], unit_mapping: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, str]] = None 180) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]: 181 def inner_func(args: t.List) -> E: 182 unit = seq_get(args, 0) 183 if unit and unit_mapping: 184 unit = exp.var(unit_mapping.get(unit.name.lower(), unit.name)) 185 186 start_date = seq_get(args, 1) 187 if start_date and start_date.is_number: 188 # Numeric types are valid DATETIME values 189 if start_date.is_int: 190 adds = DEFAULT_START_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=int(start_date.this)) 191 start_date = exp.Literal.string(adds.strftime("%F")) 192 else: 193 # We currently don't handle float values, i.e. they're not converted to equivalent DATETIMEs. 194 # This is not a problem when generating T-SQL code, it is when transpiling to other dialects. 195 return exp_class(this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=start_date, unit=unit) 196 197 return exp_class( 198 this=exp.TimeStrToTime(this=seq_get(args, 2)), 199 expression=exp.TimeStrToTime(this=start_date), 200 unit=unit, 201 ) 202 203 return inner_func 204 205 206class TSQL(Dialect): 207 RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None 208 NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_small" 209 TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'" 210 SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False 211 212 TIME_MAPPING = { 213 "year": "%Y", 214 "qq": "%q", 215 "q": "%q", 216 "quarter": "%q", 217 "dayofyear": "%j", 218 "day": "%d", 219 "dy": "%d", 220 "y": "%Y", 221 "week": "%W", 222 "ww": "%W", 223 "wk": "%W", 224 "hour": "%h", 225 "hh": "%I", 226 "minute": "%M", 227 "mi": "%M", 228 "n": "%M", 229 "second": "%S", 230 "ss": "%S", 231 "s": "%-S", 232 "millisecond": "%f", 233 "ms": "%f", 234 "weekday": "%W", 235 "dw": "%W", 236 "month": "%m", 237 "mm": "%M", 238 "m": "%-M", 239 "Y": "%Y", 240 "YYYY": "%Y", 241 "YY": "%y", 242 "MMMM": "%B", 243 "MMM": "%b", 244 "MM": "%m", 245 "M": "%-m", 246 "dd": "%d", 247 "d": "%-d", 248 "HH": "%H", 249 "H": "%-H", 250 "h": "%-I", 251 "S": "%f", 252 "yyyy": "%Y", 253 "yy": "%y", 254 } 255 256 CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING = { 257 "0": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 258 "1": "%m/%d/%y", 259 "2": "%y.%m.%d", 260 "3": "%d/%m/%y", 261 "4": "%d.%m.%y", 262 "5": "%d-%m-%y", 263 "6": "%d %b %y", 264 "7": "%b %d, %y", 265 "8": "%H:%M:%S", 266 "9": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 267 "10": "mm-dd-yy", 268 "11": "yy/mm/dd", 269 "12": "yymmdd", 270 "13": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f", 271 "14": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 272 "20": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 273 "21": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 274 "22": "%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p", 275 "23": "%Y-%m-%d", 276 "24": "%H:%M:%S", 277 "25": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 278 "100": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 279 "101": "%m/%d/%Y", 280 "102": "%Y.%m.%d", 281 "103": "%d/%m/%Y", 282 "104": "%d.%m.%Y", 283 "105": "%d-%m-%Y", 284 "106": "%d %b %Y", 285 "107": "%b %d, %Y", 286 "108": "%H:%M:%S", 287 "109": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 288 "110": "%m-%d-%Y", 289 "111": "%Y/%m/%d", 290 "112": "%Y%m%d", 291 "113": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f", 292 "114": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 293 "120": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 294 "121": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 295 } 296 297 FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = { 298 "y": "%B %Y", 299 "d": "%m/%d/%Y", 300 "H": "%-H", 301 "h": "%-I", 302 "s": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 303 "D": "%A,%B,%Y", 304 "f": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p", 305 "F": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 306 "g": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p", 307 "G": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 308 "M": "%B %-d", 309 "m": "%B %-d", 310 "O": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", 311 "u": "%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z", 312 "U": "%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z", 313 "T": "%-I:%M:%S %p", 314 "t": "%-I:%M", 315 "Y": "%a %Y", 316 } 317 318 class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer): 319 IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]")] 320 QUOTES = ["'", '"'] 321 HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")] 322 323 KEYWORDS = { 324 **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS, 325 "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME, 326 "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ, 327 "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND, 328 "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE, 329 "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY, 330 "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT, 331 "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 332 "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND, 333 "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE, 334 "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT, 335 "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION, 336 "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME, 337 "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY, 338 "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT, 339 "TOP": TokenType.TOP, 340 "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, 341 "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND, 342 "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 343 "XML": TokenType.XML, 344 "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING, 345 "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER, 346 "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT, 347 } 348 349 class Parser(parser.Parser): 350 SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False 351 352 FUNCTIONS = { 353 **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS, 354 "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition( 355 this=seq_get(args, 1), 356 substr=seq_get(args, 0), 357 position=seq_get(args, 2), 358 ), 359 "DATEADD": parse_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 360 "DATEDIFF": _parse_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 361 "DATENAME": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True), 362 "DATEPART": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr), 363 "EOMONTH": _parse_eomonth, 364 "FORMAT": _parse_format, 365 "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 366 "HASHBYTES": _parse_hashbytes, 367 "IIF": exp.If.from_arg_list, 368 "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list, 369 "JSON_VALUE": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list, 370 "LEN": exp.Length.from_arg_list, 371 "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list, 372 "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)), 373 "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 374 "SUSER_NAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 375 "SUSER_SNAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 376 "SYSTEM_USER": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 377 } 378 379 JOIN_HINTS = { 380 "LOOP", 381 "HASH", 382 "MERGE", 383 "REMOTE", 384 } 385 386 VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = { 387 DataType.Type.NVARCHAR, 388 DataType.Type.VARCHAR, 389 DataType.Type.CHAR, 390 DataType.Type.NCHAR, 391 } 392 393 RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - { 394 TokenType.TABLE, 395 *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS, 396 } 397 398 STATEMENT_PARSERS = { 399 **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS, 400 TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(), 401 } 402 403 LOG_BASE_FIRST = False 404 LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True 405 406 CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING = True 407 408 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 409 410 def _parse_projections(self) -> t.List[exp.Expression]: 411 """ 412 T-SQL supports the syntax alias = expression in the SELECT's projection list, 413 so we transform all parsed Selects to convert their EQ projections into Aliases. 414 415 See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax 416 """ 417 return [ 418 exp.alias_(projection.expression, projection.this.this, copy=False) 419 if isinstance(projection, exp.EQ) and isinstance(projection.this, exp.Column) 420 else projection 421 for projection in super()._parse_projections() 422 ] 423 424 def _parse_commit_or_rollback(self) -> exp.Commit | exp.Rollback: 425 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 426 COMMIT [ { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 427 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable ] ] 428 [ WITH ( DELAYED_DURABILITY = { OFF | ON } ) ] 429 430 ROLLBACK { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 431 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable 432 | savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable ] 433 """ 434 rollback = self._prev.token_type == TokenType.ROLLBACK 435 436 self._match_texts({"TRAN", "TRANSACTION"}) 437 this = self._parse_id_var() 438 439 if rollback: 440 return self.expression(exp.Rollback, this=this) 441 442 durability = None 443 if self._match_pair(TokenType.WITH, TokenType.L_PAREN): 444 self._match_text_seq("DELAYED_DURABILITY") 445 self._match(TokenType.EQ) 446 447 if self._match_text_seq("OFF"): 448 durability = False 449 else: 450 self._match(TokenType.ON) 451 durability = True 452 453 self._match_r_paren() 454 455 return self.expression(exp.Commit, this=this, durability=durability) 456 457 def _parse_transaction(self) -> exp.Transaction | exp.Command: 458 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 459 BEGIN { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 460 [ { transaction_name | @tran_name_variable } 461 [ WITH MARK [ 'description' ] ] 462 ] 463 """ 464 if self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")): 465 transaction = self.expression(exp.Transaction, this=self._parse_id_var()) 466 if self._match_text_seq("WITH", "MARK"): 467 transaction.set("mark", self._parse_string()) 468 469 return transaction 470 471 return self._parse_as_command(self._prev) 472 473 def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.ReturnsProperty: 474 table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS) 475 returns = super()._parse_returns() 476 returns.set("table", table) 477 return returns 478 479 def _parse_convert(self, strict: bool) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 480 to = self._parse_types() 481 self._match(TokenType.COMMA) 482 this = self._parse_conjunction() 483 484 if not to or not this: 485 return None 486 487 # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified 488 if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 489 to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False) 490 491 # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable 492 if self._match(TokenType.COMMA): 493 format_val = self._parse_number() 494 format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else "" 495 496 if format_val_name not in TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING: 497 raise ValueError( 498 f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}" 499 ) 500 501 format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING[format_val_name]) 502 503 # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format 504 if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE: 505 return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm) 506 # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format 507 elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME: 508 return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm) 509 # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format 510 elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 511 return self.expression( 512 exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, 513 to=to, 514 this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm), 515 ) 516 elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT: 517 return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm) 518 519 # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement 520 return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to) 521 522 def _parse_user_defined_function( 523 self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None 524 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 525 this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind) 526 527 if ( 528 kind == TokenType.FUNCTION 529 or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction) 530 or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False) 531 ): 532 return this 533 534 expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter) 535 return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions) 536 537 def _parse_id_var( 538 self, 539 any_token: bool = True, 540 tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None, 541 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 542 is_temporary = self._match(TokenType.HASH) 543 is_global = is_temporary and self._match(TokenType.HASH) 544 545 this = super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens) 546 if this: 547 if is_global: 548 this.set("global", True) 549 elif is_temporary: 550 this.set("temporary", True) 551 552 return this 553 554 def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command: 555 create = super()._parse_create() 556 557 if isinstance(create, exp.Create): 558 table = create.this.this if isinstance(create.this, exp.Schema) else create.this 559 if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and table.this.args.get("temporary"): 560 if not create.args.get("properties"): 561 create.set("properties", exp.Properties(expressions=[])) 562 563 create.args["properties"].append("expressions", exp.TemporaryProperty()) 564 565 return create 566 567 def _parse_if(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 568 index = self._index 569 570 if self._match_text_seq("OBJECT_ID"): 571 self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_string) 572 if self._match_text_seq("IS", "NOT", "NULL") and self._match(TokenType.DROP): 573 return self._parse_drop(exists=True) 574 self._retreat(index) 575 576 return super()._parse_if() 577 578 def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint: 579 return self.expression( 580 exp.UniqueColumnConstraint, 581 this=None 582 if self._curr and self._curr.text.upper() in {"CLUSTERED", "NONCLUSTERED"} 583 else self._parse_schema(self._parse_id_var(any_token=False)), 584 ) 585 586 class Generator(generator.Generator): 587 LIMIT_IS_TOP = True 588 QUERY_HINTS = False 589 RETURNING_END = False 590 NVL2_SUPPORTED = False 591 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 592 LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH" 593 594 TYPE_MAPPING = { 595 **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING, 596 exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT", 597 exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC", 598 exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2", 599 exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER", 600 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME2", 601 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DATETIMEOFFSET", 602 exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT", 603 } 604 605 TRANSFORMS = { 606 **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS, 607 exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql, 608 exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "IDENTITY", 609 exp.DateAdd: generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql, 610 exp.DateDiff: generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql, 611 exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"), 612 exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"), 613 exp.Extract: rename_func("DATEPART"), 614 exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql, 615 exp.If: rename_func("IIF"), 616 exp.Insert: move_insert_cte_sql, 617 exp.Max: max_or_greatest, 618 exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("MD5"), e.this), 619 exp.Min: min_or_least, 620 exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql, 621 exp.Select: transforms.preprocess( 622 [transforms.eliminate_distinct_on, transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins] 623 ), 624 exp.SHA: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("SHA1"), e.this), 625 exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func( 626 "HASHBYTES", 627 exp.Literal.string(f"SHA2_{e.args.get('length', 256)}"), 628 e.this, 629 ), 630 exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda self, e: "", 631 exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql, 632 exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql, 633 } 634 635 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty) 636 637 PROPERTIES_LOCATION = { 638 **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION, 639 exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED, 640 } 641 642 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 643 this = expression.this 644 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 645 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 646 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 647 648 return super().setitem_sql(expression) 649 650 def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str: 651 if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES: 652 return "1" if expression.this else "0" 653 654 return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)" 655 656 def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str: 657 if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean): 658 return self.binary(expression, "=") 659 return self.binary(expression, "IS") 660 661 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 662 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 663 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 664 665 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 666 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 667 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 668 ): 669 sql = f"#{sql}" 670 671 return sql 672 673 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 674 expression = expression.copy() 675 kind = self.sql(expression, "kind").upper() 676 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 677 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 678 679 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 680 681 if kind == "TABLE" and expression.expression: 682 sql = f"SELECT * INTO {self.sql(table)} FROM ({self.sql(expression.expression)}) AS temp" 683 684 if exists: 685 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 686 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 687 if kind == "SCHEMA": 688 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 689 elif kind == "TABLE": 690 assert table 691 where = exp.and_( 692 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 693 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 694 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 695 ) 696 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 697 elif kind == "INDEX": 698 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 699 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 700 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 701 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 702 703 return sql 704 705 def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str: 706 return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS" 707 708 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 709 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 710 this = f"FOR {name}" 711 expr = expression.expression 712 kind = expression.text("kind") 713 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 714 args = expr.expressions 715 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 716 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 717 else: 718 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 719 720 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 721 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}" 722 723 def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str: 724 table = expression.args.get("table") 725 table = f"{table} " if table else "" 726 return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}" 727 728 def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str: 729 into = self.sql(expression, "into") 730 into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else "" 731 return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}" 732 733 def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str: 734 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 735 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 736 mark = self.sql(expression, "mark") 737 mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else "" 738 return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}" 739 740 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 741 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 742 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 743 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 744 durability = ( 745 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 746 if durability is not None 747 else "" 748 ) 749 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}" 750 751 def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str: 752 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 753 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 754 return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}" 755 756 def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str: 757 identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression) 758 759 if expression.args.get("global"): 760 identifier = f"##{identifier}" 761 elif expression.args.get("temporary"): 762 identifier = f"#{identifier}" 763 764 return identifier 765 766 def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str: 767 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 768 expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ") 769 return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}" 770 771 # https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/448821/create-table-in-sql-server 772 def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( 773 self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint 774 ) -> str: 775 start = self.sql(expression, "start") or "1" 776 increment = self.sql(expression, "increment") or "1" 777 return f"IDENTITY({start}, {increment})"
FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING =
{'weekday': '%A', 'dw': '%A', 'w': '%A', 'month': '%B', 'mm': '%B', 'm': '%B'}
DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL =
{'year': 'year', 'yyyy': 'year', 'yy': 'year', 'quarter': 'quarter', 'qq': 'quarter', 'q': 'quarter', 'month': 'month', 'mm': 'month', 'm': 'month', 'week': 'week', 'ww': 'week', 'wk': 'week', 'day': 'day', 'dd': 'day', 'd': 'day'}
DATE_FMT_RE =
re.compile('([dD]{1,2})|([mM]{1,2})|([yY]{1,4})|([hH]{1,2})|([sS]{1,2})')
TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT =
{'C', 'N'}
DEFAULT_START_DATE =
datetime.date(1900, 1, 1)
BIT_TYPES =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Alias'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.In'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Is'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NEQ'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EQ'>}
def
generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql( self: TSQL.Generator, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd | sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff) -> str:
207class TSQL(Dialect): 208 RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None 209 NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_small" 210 TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'" 211 SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False 212 213 TIME_MAPPING = { 214 "year": "%Y", 215 "qq": "%q", 216 "q": "%q", 217 "quarter": "%q", 218 "dayofyear": "%j", 219 "day": "%d", 220 "dy": "%d", 221 "y": "%Y", 222 "week": "%W", 223 "ww": "%W", 224 "wk": "%W", 225 "hour": "%h", 226 "hh": "%I", 227 "minute": "%M", 228 "mi": "%M", 229 "n": "%M", 230 "second": "%S", 231 "ss": "%S", 232 "s": "%-S", 233 "millisecond": "%f", 234 "ms": "%f", 235 "weekday": "%W", 236 "dw": "%W", 237 "month": "%m", 238 "mm": "%M", 239 "m": "%-M", 240 "Y": "%Y", 241 "YYYY": "%Y", 242 "YY": "%y", 243 "MMMM": "%B", 244 "MMM": "%b", 245 "MM": "%m", 246 "M": "%-m", 247 "dd": "%d", 248 "d": "%-d", 249 "HH": "%H", 250 "H": "%-H", 251 "h": "%-I", 252 "S": "%f", 253 "yyyy": "%Y", 254 "yy": "%y", 255 } 256 257 CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING = { 258 "0": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 259 "1": "%m/%d/%y", 260 "2": "%y.%m.%d", 261 "3": "%d/%m/%y", 262 "4": "%d.%m.%y", 263 "5": "%d-%m-%y", 264 "6": "%d %b %y", 265 "7": "%b %d, %y", 266 "8": "%H:%M:%S", 267 "9": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 268 "10": "mm-dd-yy", 269 "11": "yy/mm/dd", 270 "12": "yymmdd", 271 "13": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f", 272 "14": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 273 "20": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 274 "21": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 275 "22": "%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p", 276 "23": "%Y-%m-%d", 277 "24": "%H:%M:%S", 278 "25": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 279 "100": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 280 "101": "%m/%d/%Y", 281 "102": "%Y.%m.%d", 282 "103": "%d/%m/%Y", 283 "104": "%d.%m.%Y", 284 "105": "%d-%m-%Y", 285 "106": "%d %b %Y", 286 "107": "%b %d, %Y", 287 "108": "%H:%M:%S", 288 "109": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 289 "110": "%m-%d-%Y", 290 "111": "%Y/%m/%d", 291 "112": "%Y%m%d", 292 "113": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f", 293 "114": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 294 "120": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 295 "121": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 296 } 297 298 FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = { 299 "y": "%B %Y", 300 "d": "%m/%d/%Y", 301 "H": "%-H", 302 "h": "%-I", 303 "s": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 304 "D": "%A,%B,%Y", 305 "f": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p", 306 "F": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 307 "g": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p", 308 "G": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 309 "M": "%B %-d", 310 "m": "%B %-d", 311 "O": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", 312 "u": "%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z", 313 "U": "%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z", 314 "T": "%-I:%M:%S %p", 315 "t": "%-I:%M", 316 "Y": "%a %Y", 317 } 318 319 class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer): 320 IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]")] 321 QUOTES = ["'", '"'] 322 HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")] 323 324 KEYWORDS = { 325 **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS, 326 "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME, 327 "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ, 328 "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND, 329 "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE, 330 "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY, 331 "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT, 332 "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 333 "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND, 334 "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE, 335 "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT, 336 "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION, 337 "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME, 338 "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY, 339 "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT, 340 "TOP": TokenType.TOP, 341 "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, 342 "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND, 343 "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 344 "XML": TokenType.XML, 345 "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING, 346 "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER, 347 "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT, 348 } 349 350 class Parser(parser.Parser): 351 SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False 352 353 FUNCTIONS = { 354 **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS, 355 "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition( 356 this=seq_get(args, 1), 357 substr=seq_get(args, 0), 358 position=seq_get(args, 2), 359 ), 360 "DATEADD": parse_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 361 "DATEDIFF": _parse_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 362 "DATENAME": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True), 363 "DATEPART": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr), 364 "EOMONTH": _parse_eomonth, 365 "FORMAT": _parse_format, 366 "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 367 "HASHBYTES": _parse_hashbytes, 368 "IIF": exp.If.from_arg_list, 369 "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list, 370 "JSON_VALUE": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list, 371 "LEN": exp.Length.from_arg_list, 372 "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list, 373 "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)), 374 "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 375 "SUSER_NAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 376 "SUSER_SNAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 377 "SYSTEM_USER": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 378 } 379 380 JOIN_HINTS = { 381 "LOOP", 382 "HASH", 383 "MERGE", 384 "REMOTE", 385 } 386 387 VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = { 388 DataType.Type.NVARCHAR, 389 DataType.Type.VARCHAR, 390 DataType.Type.CHAR, 391 DataType.Type.NCHAR, 392 } 393 394 RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - { 395 TokenType.TABLE, 396 *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS, 397 } 398 399 STATEMENT_PARSERS = { 400 **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS, 401 TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(), 402 } 403 404 LOG_BASE_FIRST = False 405 LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True 406 407 CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING = True 408 409 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 410 411 def _parse_projections(self) -> t.List[exp.Expression]: 412 """ 413 T-SQL supports the syntax alias = expression in the SELECT's projection list, 414 so we transform all parsed Selects to convert their EQ projections into Aliases. 415 416 See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax 417 """ 418 return [ 419 exp.alias_(projection.expression, projection.this.this, copy=False) 420 if isinstance(projection, exp.EQ) and isinstance(projection.this, exp.Column) 421 else projection 422 for projection in super()._parse_projections() 423 ] 424 425 def _parse_commit_or_rollback(self) -> exp.Commit | exp.Rollback: 426 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 427 COMMIT [ { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 428 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable ] ] 429 [ WITH ( DELAYED_DURABILITY = { OFF | ON } ) ] 430 431 ROLLBACK { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 432 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable 433 | savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable ] 434 """ 435 rollback = self._prev.token_type == TokenType.ROLLBACK 436 437 self._match_texts({"TRAN", "TRANSACTION"}) 438 this = self._parse_id_var() 439 440 if rollback: 441 return self.expression(exp.Rollback, this=this) 442 443 durability = None 444 if self._match_pair(TokenType.WITH, TokenType.L_PAREN): 445 self._match_text_seq("DELAYED_DURABILITY") 446 self._match(TokenType.EQ) 447 448 if self._match_text_seq("OFF"): 449 durability = False 450 else: 451 self._match(TokenType.ON) 452 durability = True 453 454 self._match_r_paren() 455 456 return self.expression(exp.Commit, this=this, durability=durability) 457 458 def _parse_transaction(self) -> exp.Transaction | exp.Command: 459 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 460 BEGIN { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 461 [ { transaction_name | @tran_name_variable } 462 [ WITH MARK [ 'description' ] ] 463 ] 464 """ 465 if self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")): 466 transaction = self.expression(exp.Transaction, this=self._parse_id_var()) 467 if self._match_text_seq("WITH", "MARK"): 468 transaction.set("mark", self._parse_string()) 469 470 return transaction 471 472 return self._parse_as_command(self._prev) 473 474 def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.ReturnsProperty: 475 table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS) 476 returns = super()._parse_returns() 477 returns.set("table", table) 478 return returns 479 480 def _parse_convert(self, strict: bool) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 481 to = self._parse_types() 482 self._match(TokenType.COMMA) 483 this = self._parse_conjunction() 484 485 if not to or not this: 486 return None 487 488 # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified 489 if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 490 to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False) 491 492 # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable 493 if self._match(TokenType.COMMA): 494 format_val = self._parse_number() 495 format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else "" 496 497 if format_val_name not in TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING: 498 raise ValueError( 499 f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}" 500 ) 501 502 format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING[format_val_name]) 503 504 # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format 505 if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE: 506 return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm) 507 # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format 508 elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME: 509 return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm) 510 # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format 511 elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 512 return self.expression( 513 exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, 514 to=to, 515 this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm), 516 ) 517 elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT: 518 return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm) 519 520 # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement 521 return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to) 522 523 def _parse_user_defined_function( 524 self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None 525 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 526 this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind) 527 528 if ( 529 kind == TokenType.FUNCTION 530 or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction) 531 or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False) 532 ): 533 return this 534 535 expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter) 536 return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions) 537 538 def _parse_id_var( 539 self, 540 any_token: bool = True, 541 tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None, 542 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 543 is_temporary = self._match(TokenType.HASH) 544 is_global = is_temporary and self._match(TokenType.HASH) 545 546 this = super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens) 547 if this: 548 if is_global: 549 this.set("global", True) 550 elif is_temporary: 551 this.set("temporary", True) 552 553 return this 554 555 def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command: 556 create = super()._parse_create() 557 558 if isinstance(create, exp.Create): 559 table = create.this.this if isinstance(create.this, exp.Schema) else create.this 560 if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and table.this.args.get("temporary"): 561 if not create.args.get("properties"): 562 create.set("properties", exp.Properties(expressions=[])) 563 564 create.args["properties"].append("expressions", exp.TemporaryProperty()) 565 566 return create 567 568 def _parse_if(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 569 index = self._index 570 571 if self._match_text_seq("OBJECT_ID"): 572 self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_string) 573 if self._match_text_seq("IS", "NOT", "NULL") and self._match(TokenType.DROP): 574 return self._parse_drop(exists=True) 575 self._retreat(index) 576 577 return super()._parse_if() 578 579 def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint: 580 return self.expression( 581 exp.UniqueColumnConstraint, 582 this=None 583 if self._curr and self._curr.text.upper() in {"CLUSTERED", "NONCLUSTERED"} 584 else self._parse_schema(self._parse_id_var(any_token=False)), 585 ) 586 587 class Generator(generator.Generator): 588 LIMIT_IS_TOP = True 589 QUERY_HINTS = False 590 RETURNING_END = False 591 NVL2_SUPPORTED = False 592 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 593 LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH" 594 595 TYPE_MAPPING = { 596 **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING, 597 exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT", 598 exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC", 599 exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2", 600 exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER", 601 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME2", 602 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DATETIMEOFFSET", 603 exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT", 604 } 605 606 TRANSFORMS = { 607 **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS, 608 exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql, 609 exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "IDENTITY", 610 exp.DateAdd: generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql, 611 exp.DateDiff: generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql, 612 exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"), 613 exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"), 614 exp.Extract: rename_func("DATEPART"), 615 exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql, 616 exp.If: rename_func("IIF"), 617 exp.Insert: move_insert_cte_sql, 618 exp.Max: max_or_greatest, 619 exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("MD5"), e.this), 620 exp.Min: min_or_least, 621 exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql, 622 exp.Select: transforms.preprocess( 623 [transforms.eliminate_distinct_on, transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins] 624 ), 625 exp.SHA: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("SHA1"), e.this), 626 exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func( 627 "HASHBYTES", 628 exp.Literal.string(f"SHA2_{e.args.get('length', 256)}"), 629 e.this, 630 ), 631 exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda self, e: "", 632 exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql, 633 exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql, 634 } 635 636 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty) 637 638 PROPERTIES_LOCATION = { 639 **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION, 640 exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED, 641 } 642 643 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 644 this = expression.this 645 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 646 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 647 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 648 649 return super().setitem_sql(expression) 650 651 def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str: 652 if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES: 653 return "1" if expression.this else "0" 654 655 return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)" 656 657 def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str: 658 if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean): 659 return self.binary(expression, "=") 660 return self.binary(expression, "IS") 661 662 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 663 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 664 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 665 666 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 667 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 668 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 669 ): 670 sql = f"#{sql}" 671 672 return sql 673 674 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 675 expression = expression.copy() 676 kind = self.sql(expression, "kind").upper() 677 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 678 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 679 680 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 681 682 if kind == "TABLE" and expression.expression: 683 sql = f"SELECT * INTO {self.sql(table)} FROM ({self.sql(expression.expression)}) AS temp" 684 685 if exists: 686 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 687 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 688 if kind == "SCHEMA": 689 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 690 elif kind == "TABLE": 691 assert table 692 where = exp.and_( 693 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 694 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 695 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 696 ) 697 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 698 elif kind == "INDEX": 699 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 700 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 701 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 702 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 703 704 return sql 705 706 def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str: 707 return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS" 708 709 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 710 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 711 this = f"FOR {name}" 712 expr = expression.expression 713 kind = expression.text("kind") 714 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 715 args = expr.expressions 716 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 717 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 718 else: 719 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 720 721 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 722 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}" 723 724 def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str: 725 table = expression.args.get("table") 726 table = f"{table} " if table else "" 727 return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}" 728 729 def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str: 730 into = self.sql(expression, "into") 731 into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else "" 732 return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}" 733 734 def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str: 735 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 736 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 737 mark = self.sql(expression, "mark") 738 mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else "" 739 return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}" 740 741 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 742 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 743 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 744 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 745 durability = ( 746 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 747 if durability is not None 748 else "" 749 ) 750 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}" 751 752 def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str: 753 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 754 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 755 return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}" 756 757 def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str: 758 identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression) 759 760 if expression.args.get("global"): 761 identifier = f"##{identifier}" 762 elif expression.args.get("temporary"): 763 identifier = f"#{identifier}" 764 765 return identifier 766 767 def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str: 768 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 769 expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ") 770 return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}" 771 772 # https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/448821/create-table-in-sql-server 773 def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( 774 self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint 775 ) -> str: 776 start = self.sql(expression, "start") or "1" 777 increment = self.sql(expression, "increment") or "1" 778 return f"IDENTITY({start}, {increment})"
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] =
{'year': '%Y', 'qq': '%q', 'q': '%q', 'quarter': '%q', 'dayofyear': '%j', 'day': '%d', 'dy': '%d', 'y': '%Y', 'week': '%W', 'ww': '%W', 'wk': '%W', 'hour': '%h', 'hh': '%I', 'minute': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'n': '%M', 'second': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 's': '%-S', 'millisecond': '%f', 'ms': '%f', 'weekday': '%W', 'dw': '%W', 'month': '%m', 'mm': '%M', 'm': '%-M', 'Y': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'MMM': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'M': '%-m', 'dd': '%d', 'd': '%-d', 'HH': '%H', 'H': '%-H', 'h': '%-I', 'S': '%f', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'yy': '%y'}
CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING =
{'0': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p', '1': '%m/%d/%y', '2': '%y.%m.%d', '3': '%d/%m/%y', '4': '%d.%m.%y', '5': '%d-%m-%y', '6': '%d %b %y', '7': '%b %d, %y', '8': '%H:%M:%S', '9': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p', '10': 'mm-dd-yy', '11': 'yy/mm/dd', '12': 'yymmdd', '13': '%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f', '14': '%H:%M:%S:%f', '20': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', '21': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f', '22': '%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p', '23': '%Y-%m-%d', '24': '%H:%M:%S', '25': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f', '100': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p', '101': '%m/%d/%Y', '102': '%Y.%m.%d', '103': '%d/%m/%Y', '104': '%d.%m.%Y', '105': '%d-%m-%Y', '106': '%d %b %Y', '107': '%b %d, %Y', '108': '%H:%M:%S', '109': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p', '110': '%m-%d-%Y', '111': '%Y/%m/%d', '112': '%Y%m%d', '113': '%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f', '114': '%H:%M:%S:%f', '120': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', '121': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f'}
FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING =
{'y': '%B %Y', 'd': '%m/%d/%Y', 'H': '%-H', 'h': '%-I', 's': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', 'D': '%A,%B,%Y', 'f': '%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p', 'F': '%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p', 'g': '%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p', 'G': '%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p', 'M': '%B %-d', 'm': '%B %-d', 'O': '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S', 'u': '%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z', 'U': '%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z', 'T': '%-I:%M:%S %p', 't': '%-I:%M', 'Y': '%a %Y'}
tokenizer_class =
<class 'TSQL.Tokenizer'>
parser_class =
<class 'TSQL.Parser'>
generator_class =
<class 'TSQL.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict =
{'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'q': {'q': {0: True}, 0: True, 'u': {'a': {'r': {'t': {'e': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict =
{'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'q': {'q': {0: True}, 0: True, 'u': {'a': {'r': {'t': {'e': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] =
{'%Y': 'yyyy', '%q': 'quarter', '%j': 'dayofyear', '%d': 'dd', '%W': 'dw', '%h': 'hour', '%I': 'hh', '%M': 'mm', '%S': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'S', '%m': 'MM', '%-M': 'm', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%-m': 'M', '%-d': 'd', '%H': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%-I': 'h'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict =
{'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'q': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, '-': {'S': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'f': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}}}
Inherited Members
- sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
- INDEX_OFFSET
- UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
- ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
- IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
- DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
- STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
- SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES
- NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
- DATE_FORMAT
- DATEINT_FORMAT
- FORMAT_MAPPING
- PSEUDOCOLUMNS
- get_or_raise
- format_time
- normalize_identifier
- case_sensitive
- can_identify
- quote_identifier
- parse
- parse_into
- generate
- transpile
- tokenize
- tokenizer
- parser
- generator
319 class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer): 320 IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]")] 321 QUOTES = ["'", '"'] 322 HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")] 323 324 KEYWORDS = { 325 **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS, 326 "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME, 327 "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ, 328 "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND, 329 "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE, 330 "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY, 331 "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT, 332 "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 333 "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND, 334 "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE, 335 "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT, 336 "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION, 337 "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME, 338 "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY, 339 "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT, 340 "TOP": TokenType.TOP, 341 "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, 342 "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND, 343 "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 344 "XML": TokenType.XML, 345 "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING, 346 "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER, 347 "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT, 348 }
KEYWORDS =
{'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'DATETIME2': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'DATETIMEOFFSET': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'IMAGE': <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, 'MONEY': <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, 'NTEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'NVARCHAR(MAX)': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'PRINT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PROC': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'ROWVERSION': <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, 'SMALLDATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'SMALLMONEY': <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, 'SQL_VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER': <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, 'UPDATE STATISTICS': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VARCHAR(MAX)': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'XML': <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, 'OUTPUT': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'SYSTEM_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>}
350 class Parser(parser.Parser): 351 SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False 352 353 FUNCTIONS = { 354 **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS, 355 "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition( 356 this=seq_get(args, 1), 357 substr=seq_get(args, 0), 358 position=seq_get(args, 2), 359 ), 360 "DATEADD": parse_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 361 "DATEDIFF": _parse_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 362 "DATENAME": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True), 363 "DATEPART": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr), 364 "EOMONTH": _parse_eomonth, 365 "FORMAT": _parse_format, 366 "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 367 "HASHBYTES": _parse_hashbytes, 368 "IIF": exp.If.from_arg_list, 369 "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list, 370 "JSON_VALUE": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list, 371 "LEN": exp.Length.from_arg_list, 372 "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list, 373 "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)), 374 "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 375 "SUSER_NAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 376 "SUSER_SNAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 377 "SYSTEM_USER": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 378 } 379 380 JOIN_HINTS = { 381 "LOOP", 382 "HASH", 383 "MERGE", 384 "REMOTE", 385 } 386 387 VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = { 388 DataType.Type.NVARCHAR, 389 DataType.Type.VARCHAR, 390 DataType.Type.CHAR, 391 DataType.Type.NCHAR, 392 } 393 394 RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - { 395 TokenType.TABLE, 396 *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS, 397 } 398 399 STATEMENT_PARSERS = { 400 **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS, 401 TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(), 402 } 403 404 LOG_BASE_FIRST = False 405 LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True 406 407 CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING = True 408 409 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 410 411 def _parse_projections(self) -> t.List[exp.Expression]: 412 """ 413 T-SQL supports the syntax alias = expression in the SELECT's projection list, 414 so we transform all parsed Selects to convert their EQ projections into Aliases. 415 416 See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax 417 """ 418 return [ 419 exp.alias_(projection.expression, projection.this.this, copy=False) 420 if isinstance(projection, exp.EQ) and isinstance(projection.this, exp.Column) 421 else projection 422 for projection in super()._parse_projections() 423 ] 424 425 def _parse_commit_or_rollback(self) -> exp.Commit | exp.Rollback: 426 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 427 COMMIT [ { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 428 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable ] ] 429 [ WITH ( DELAYED_DURABILITY = { OFF | ON } ) ] 430 431 ROLLBACK { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 432 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable 433 | savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable ] 434 """ 435 rollback = self._prev.token_type == TokenType.ROLLBACK 436 437 self._match_texts({"TRAN", "TRANSACTION"}) 438 this = self._parse_id_var() 439 440 if rollback: 441 return self.expression(exp.Rollback, this=this) 442 443 durability = None 444 if self._match_pair(TokenType.WITH, TokenType.L_PAREN): 445 self._match_text_seq("DELAYED_DURABILITY") 446 self._match(TokenType.EQ) 447 448 if self._match_text_seq("OFF"): 449 durability = False 450 else: 451 self._match(TokenType.ON) 452 durability = True 453 454 self._match_r_paren() 455 456 return self.expression(exp.Commit, this=this, durability=durability) 457 458 def _parse_transaction(self) -> exp.Transaction | exp.Command: 459 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 460 BEGIN { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 461 [ { transaction_name | @tran_name_variable } 462 [ WITH MARK [ 'description' ] ] 463 ] 464 """ 465 if self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")): 466 transaction = self.expression(exp.Transaction, this=self._parse_id_var()) 467 if self._match_text_seq("WITH", "MARK"): 468 transaction.set("mark", self._parse_string()) 469 470 return transaction 471 472 return self._parse_as_command(self._prev) 473 474 def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.ReturnsProperty: 475 table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS) 476 returns = super()._parse_returns() 477 returns.set("table", table) 478 return returns 479 480 def _parse_convert(self, strict: bool) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 481 to = self._parse_types() 482 self._match(TokenType.COMMA) 483 this = self._parse_conjunction() 484 485 if not to or not this: 486 return None 487 488 # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified 489 if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 490 to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False) 491 492 # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable 493 if self._match(TokenType.COMMA): 494 format_val = self._parse_number() 495 format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else "" 496 497 if format_val_name not in TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING: 498 raise ValueError( 499 f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}" 500 ) 501 502 format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING[format_val_name]) 503 504 # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format 505 if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE: 506 return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm) 507 # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format 508 elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME: 509 return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm) 510 # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format 511 elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 512 return self.expression( 513 exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, 514 to=to, 515 this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm), 516 ) 517 elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT: 518 return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm) 519 520 # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement 521 return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to) 522 523 def _parse_user_defined_function( 524 self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None 525 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 526 this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind) 527 528 if ( 529 kind == TokenType.FUNCTION 530 or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction) 531 or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False) 532 ): 533 return this 534 535 expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter) 536 return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions) 537 538 def _parse_id_var( 539 self, 540 any_token: bool = True, 541 tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None, 542 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 543 is_temporary = self._match(TokenType.HASH) 544 is_global = is_temporary and self._match(TokenType.HASH) 545 546 this = super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens) 547 if this: 548 if is_global: 549 this.set("global", True) 550 elif is_temporary: 551 this.set("temporary", True) 552 553 return this 554 555 def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command: 556 create = super()._parse_create() 557 558 if isinstance(create, exp.Create): 559 table = create.this.this if isinstance(create.this, exp.Schema) else create.this 560 if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and table.this.args.get("temporary"): 561 if not create.args.get("properties"): 562 create.set("properties", exp.Properties(expressions=[])) 563 564 create.args["properties"].append("expressions", exp.TemporaryProperty()) 565 566 return create 567 568 def _parse_if(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 569 index = self._index 570 571 if self._match_text_seq("OBJECT_ID"): 572 self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_string) 573 if self._match_text_seq("IS", "NOT", "NULL") and self._match(TokenType.DROP): 574 return self._parse_drop(exists=True) 575 self._retreat(index) 576 577 return super()._parse_if() 578 579 def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint: 580 return self.expression( 581 exp.UniqueColumnConstraint, 582 this=None 583 if self._curr and self._curr.text.upper() in {"CLUSTERED", "NONCLUSTERED"} 584 else self._parse_schema(self._parse_id_var(any_token=False)), 585 )
Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.
Arguments:
- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
FUNCTIONS =
{'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _parse_date_delta.<locals>.inner_func>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeConcat'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'CHARINDEX': <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEADD': <function parse_date_delta.<locals>.inner_func>, 'DATENAME': <function _format_time_lambda.<locals>._format_time>, 'DATEPART': <function _format_time_lambda.<locals>._format_time>, 'EOMONTH': <function _parse_eomonth>, 'FORMAT': <function _parse_format>, 'GETDATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'HASHBYTES': <function _parse_hashbytes>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'ISNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'JSON_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'REPLICATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'SQUARE': <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSDATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'SUSER_NAME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'SUSER_SNAME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'SYSTEM_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>}
VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES =
{<Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}
RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS =
{<TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS =
{<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>: <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS =
{<TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>}
SET_TRIE: Dict =
{'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict =
{'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'q': {'q': {0: True}, 0: True, 'u': {'a': {'r': {'t': {'e': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] =
{'year': '%Y', 'qq': '%q', 'q': '%q', 'quarter': '%q', 'dayofyear': '%j', 'day': '%d', 'dy': '%d', 'y': '%Y', 'week': '%W', 'ww': '%W', 'wk': '%W', 'hour': '%h', 'hh': '%I', 'minute': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'n': '%M', 'second': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 's': '%-S', 'millisecond': '%f', 'ms': '%f', 'weekday': '%W', 'dw': '%W', 'month': '%m', 'mm': '%M', 'm': '%-M', 'Y': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'MMM': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'M': '%-m', 'dd': '%d', 'd': '%-d', 'HH': '%H', 'H': '%-H', 'h': '%-I', 'S': '%f', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'yy': '%y'}
TIME_TRIE: Dict =
{'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'q': {'q': {0: True}, 0: True, 'u': {'a': {'r': {'t': {'e': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
- sqlglot.parser.Parser
- Parser
- NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
- STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
- NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
- ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
- TYPE_TOKENS
- SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
- SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
- RESERVED_KEYWORDS
- DB_CREATABLES
- CREATABLES
- ID_VAR_TOKENS
- INTERVAL_VARS
- COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
- UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
- TRIM_TYPES
- FUNC_TOKENS
- CONJUNCTION
- EQUALITY
- COMPARISON
- BITWISE
- TERM
- FACTOR
- TIMES
- TIMESTAMPS
- SET_OPERATIONS
- JOIN_METHODS
- JOIN_SIDES
- JOIN_KINDS
- LAMBDAS
- COLUMN_OPERATORS
- EXPRESSION_PARSERS
- UNARY_PARSERS
- PRIMARY_PARSERS
- PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
- RANGE_PARSERS
- PROPERTY_PARSERS
- CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
- ALTER_PARSERS
- SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
- NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
- INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
- FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
- FUNCTION_PARSERS
- QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
- SET_PARSERS
- SHOW_PARSERS
- TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
- MODIFIABLES
- DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
- PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
- TRANSACTION_KIND
- TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
- INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
- CLONE_KINDS
- TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
- WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
- WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
- WINDOW_SIDES
- FETCH_TOKENS
- ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
- DISTINCT_TOKENS
- NULL_TOKENS
- STRICT_CAST
- PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
- IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
- TABLESAMPLE_CSV
- INDEX_OFFSET
- UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
- ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
- STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
- SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES
- NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
- FORMAT_MAPPING
- error_level
- error_message_context
- max_errors
- reset
- parse
- parse_into
- check_errors
- raise_error
- expression
- validate_expression
- errors
- sql
587 class Generator(generator.Generator): 588 LIMIT_IS_TOP = True 589 QUERY_HINTS = False 590 RETURNING_END = False 591 NVL2_SUPPORTED = False 592 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 593 LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH" 594 595 TYPE_MAPPING = { 596 **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING, 597 exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT", 598 exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC", 599 exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2", 600 exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER", 601 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME2", 602 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DATETIMEOFFSET", 603 exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT", 604 } 605 606 TRANSFORMS = { 607 **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS, 608 exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql, 609 exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "IDENTITY", 610 exp.DateAdd: generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql, 611 exp.DateDiff: generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql, 612 exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"), 613 exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"), 614 exp.Extract: rename_func("DATEPART"), 615 exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql, 616 exp.If: rename_func("IIF"), 617 exp.Insert: move_insert_cte_sql, 618 exp.Max: max_or_greatest, 619 exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("MD5"), e.this), 620 exp.Min: min_or_least, 621 exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql, 622 exp.Select: transforms.preprocess( 623 [transforms.eliminate_distinct_on, transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins] 624 ), 625 exp.SHA: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("SHA1"), e.this), 626 exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func( 627 "HASHBYTES", 628 exp.Literal.string(f"SHA2_{e.args.get('length', 256)}"), 629 e.this, 630 ), 631 exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda self, e: "", 632 exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql, 633 exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql, 634 } 635 636 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty) 637 638 PROPERTIES_LOCATION = { 639 **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION, 640 exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED, 641 } 642 643 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 644 this = expression.this 645 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 646 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 647 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 648 649 return super().setitem_sql(expression) 650 651 def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str: 652 if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES: 653 return "1" if expression.this else "0" 654 655 return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)" 656 657 def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str: 658 if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean): 659 return self.binary(expression, "=") 660 return self.binary(expression, "IS") 661 662 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 663 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 664 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 665 666 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 667 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 668 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 669 ): 670 sql = f"#{sql}" 671 672 return sql 673 674 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 675 expression = expression.copy() 676 kind = self.sql(expression, "kind").upper() 677 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 678 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 679 680 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 681 682 if kind == "TABLE" and expression.expression: 683 sql = f"SELECT * INTO {self.sql(table)} FROM ({self.sql(expression.expression)}) AS temp" 684 685 if exists: 686 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 687 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 688 if kind == "SCHEMA": 689 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 690 elif kind == "TABLE": 691 assert table 692 where = exp.and_( 693 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 694 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 695 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 696 ) 697 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 698 elif kind == "INDEX": 699 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 700 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 701 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 702 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 703 704 return sql 705 706 def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str: 707 return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS" 708 709 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 710 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 711 this = f"FOR {name}" 712 expr = expression.expression 713 kind = expression.text("kind") 714 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 715 args = expr.expressions 716 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 717 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 718 else: 719 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 720 721 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 722 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}" 723 724 def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str: 725 table = expression.args.get("table") 726 table = f"{table} " if table else "" 727 return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}" 728 729 def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str: 730 into = self.sql(expression, "into") 731 into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else "" 732 return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}" 733 734 def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str: 735 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 736 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 737 mark = self.sql(expression, "mark") 738 mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else "" 739 return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}" 740 741 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 742 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 743 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 744 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 745 durability = ( 746 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 747 if durability is not None 748 else "" 749 ) 750 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}" 751 752 def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str: 753 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 754 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 755 return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}" 756 757 def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str: 758 identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression) 759 760 if expression.args.get("global"): 761 identifier = f"##{identifier}" 762 elif expression.args.get("temporary"): 763 identifier = f"#{identifier}" 764 765 return identifier 766 767 def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str: 768 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 769 expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ") 770 return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}" 771 772 # https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/448821/create-table-in-sql-server 773 def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( 774 self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint 775 ) -> str: 776 start = self.sql(expression, "start") or "1" 777 increment = self.sql(expression, "increment") or "1" 778 return f"IDENTITY({start}, {increment})"
Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.
Arguments:
- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
TYPE_MAPPING =
{<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BIT', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'DATETIME2', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME2', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'DATETIMEOFFSET', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'SQL_VARIANT'}
TRANSFORMS =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function any_value_to_max_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function _string_agg_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Insert'>: <function move_insert_cte_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>: <function _format_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function _format_sql>}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>}
643 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 644 this = expression.this 645 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 646 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 647 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 648 649 return super().setitem_sql(expression)
662 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 663 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 664 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 665 666 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 667 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 668 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 669 ): 670 sql = f"#{sql}" 671 672 return sql
674 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 675 expression = expression.copy() 676 kind = self.sql(expression, "kind").upper() 677 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 678 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 679 680 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 681 682 if kind == "TABLE" and expression.expression: 683 sql = f"SELECT * INTO {self.sql(table)} FROM ({self.sql(expression.expression)}) AS temp" 684 685 if exists: 686 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 687 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 688 if kind == "SCHEMA": 689 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 690 elif kind == "TABLE": 691 assert table 692 where = exp.and_( 693 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 694 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 695 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 696 ) 697 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 698 elif kind == "INDEX": 699 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 700 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 701 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 702 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 703 704 return sql
709 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 710 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 711 this = f"FOR {name}" 712 expr = expression.expression 713 kind = expression.text("kind") 714 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 715 args = expr.expressions 716 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 717 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 718 else: 719 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 720 721 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 722 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}"
741 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 742 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 743 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 744 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 745 durability = ( 746 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 747 if durability is not None 748 else "" 749 ) 750 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}"
def
generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str:
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] =
{'%Y': 'yyyy', '%q': 'quarter', '%j': 'dayofyear', '%d': 'dd', '%W': 'dw', '%h': 'hour', '%I': 'hh', '%M': 'mm', '%S': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'S', '%m': 'MM', '%-M': 'm', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%-m': 'M', '%-d': 'd', '%H': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%-I': 'h'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict =
{'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'q': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, '-': {'S': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'f': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}}}
@classmethod
def
can_identify(text: str, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool:
269 @classmethod 270 def can_identify(cls, text: str, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool: 271 """Checks if text can be identified given an identify option. 272 273 Args: 274 text: The text to check. 275 identify: 276 "always" or `True`: Always returns true. 277 "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive. 278 279 Returns: 280 Whether or not the given text can be identified. 281 """ 282 if identify is True or identify == "always": 283 return True 284 285 if identify == "safe": 286 return not cls.case_sensitive(text) 287 288 return False
Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.
Arguments:
- text: The text to check.
- identify: "always" or
True: Always returns true. "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
Returns:
Whether or not the given text can be identified.
TOKENIZER_CLASS =
<class 'TSQL.Tokenizer'>
Inherited Members
- sqlglot.generator.Generator
- Generator
- NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
- LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
- EXPLICIT_UNION
- WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
- CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
- MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
- SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
- INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
- TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
- TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
- RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
- GROUPINGS_SEP
- INDEX_ON
- JOIN_HINTS
- TABLE_HINTS
- QUERY_HINT_SEP
- IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
- DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
- COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
- EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
- TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
- VALUES_AS_TABLE
- UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
- AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
- SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
- SUPPORTS_PARAMETERS
- STAR_MAPPING
- TIME_PART_SINGULARS
- TOKEN_MAPPING
- STRUCT_DELIMITER
- PARAMETER_TOKEN
- RESERVED_KEYWORDS
- WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
- UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
- UNESCAPED_SEQUENCE_TABLE
- SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
- INDEX_OFFSET
- UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
- ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
- IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
- STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
- NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
- pretty
- identify
- normalize
- pad
- unsupported_level
- max_unsupported
- leading_comma
- max_text_width
- comments
- normalize_functions
- unsupported_messages
- generate
- unsupported
- sep
- seg
- pad_comment
- maybe_comment
- wrap
- no_identify
- normalize_func
- indent
- sql
- uncache_sql
- cache_sql
- characterset_sql
- column_sql
- columnposition_sql
- columndef_sql
- columnconstraint_sql
- computedcolumnconstraint_sql
- autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
- compresscolumnconstraint_sql
- notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
- primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
- uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
- clone_sql
- describe_sql
- prepend_ctes
- with_sql
- cte_sql
- tablealias_sql
- bitstring_sql
- hexstring_sql
- bytestring_sql
- rawstring_sql
- datatypeparam_sql
- datatype_sql
- directory_sql
- delete_sql
- drop_sql
- except_sql
- except_op
- fetch_sql
- filter_sql
- hint_sql
- index_sql
- inputoutputformat_sql
- national_sql
- partition_sql
- properties_sql
- root_properties
- properties
- with_properties
- locate_properties
- property_sql
- likeproperty_sql
- fallbackproperty_sql
- journalproperty_sql
- freespaceproperty_sql
- checksumproperty_sql
- mergeblockratioproperty_sql
- datablocksizeproperty_sql
- blockcompressionproperty_sql
- isolatedloadingproperty_sql
- lockingproperty_sql
- withdataproperty_sql
- insert_sql
- intersect_sql
- intersect_op
- introducer_sql
- kill_sql
- pseudotype_sql
- objectidentifier_sql
- onconflict_sql
- rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
- withtablehint_sql
- indextablehint_sql
- table_sql
- tablesample_sql
- pivot_sql
- tuple_sql
- update_sql
- values_sql
- var_sql
- into_sql
- from_sql
- group_sql
- having_sql
- connect_sql
- prior_sql
- join_sql
- lambda_sql
- lateral_sql
- limit_sql
- set_sql
- pragma_sql
- lock_sql
- literal_sql
- escape_str
- loaddata_sql
- null_sql
- order_sql
- cluster_sql
- distribute_sql
- sort_sql
- ordered_sql
- matchrecognize_sql
- query_modifiers
- offset_limit_modifiers
- after_having_modifiers
- after_limit_modifiers
- select_sql
- schema_sql
- schema_columns_sql
- star_sql
- parameter_sql
- sessionparameter_sql
- placeholder_sql
- subquery_sql
- qualify_sql
- union_sql
- union_op
- unnest_sql
- where_sql
- window_sql
- partition_by_sql
- windowspec_sql
- withingroup_sql
- between_sql
- bracket_sql
- safebracket_sql
- all_sql
- any_sql
- exists_sql
- case_sql
- nextvaluefor_sql
- extract_sql
- trim_sql
- safeconcat_sql
- check_sql
- foreignkey_sql
- primarykey_sql
- if_sql
- matchagainst_sql
- jsonkeyvalue_sql
- formatjson_sql
- jsonobject_sql
- jsonarray_sql
- jsonarrayagg_sql
- jsoncolumndef_sql
- jsontable_sql
- openjsoncolumndef_sql
- openjson_sql
- in_sql
- in_unnest_op
- interval_sql
- return_sql
- reference_sql
- anonymous_sql
- paren_sql
- neg_sql
- not_sql
- alias_sql
- aliases_sql
- attimezone_sql
- add_sql
- and_sql
- xor_sql
- connector_sql
- bitwiseand_sql
- bitwiseleftshift_sql
- bitwisenot_sql
- bitwiseor_sql
- bitwiserightshift_sql
- bitwisexor_sql
- cast_sql
- currentdate_sql
- collate_sql
- command_sql
- comment_sql
- mergetreettlaction_sql
- mergetreettl_sql
- altercolumn_sql
- renametable_sql
- altertable_sql
- droppartition_sql
- addconstraint_sql
- distinct_sql
- ignorenulls_sql
- respectnulls_sql
- intdiv_sql
- dpipe_sql
- safedpipe_sql
- div_sql
- overlaps_sql
- distance_sql
- dot_sql
- eq_sql
- escape_sql
- glob_sql
- gt_sql
- gte_sql
- ilike_sql
- ilikeany_sql
- like_sql
- likeany_sql
- similarto_sql
- lt_sql
- lte_sql
- mod_sql
- mul_sql
- neq_sql
- nullsafeeq_sql
- nullsafeneq_sql
- or_sql
- slice_sql
- sub_sql
- trycast_sql
- use_sql
- binary
- function_fallback_sql
- func
- format_args
- text_width
- format_time
- expressions
- op_expressions
- naked_property
- set_operation
- tag_sql
- token_sql
- userdefinedfunction_sql
- joinhint_sql
- kwarg_sql
- when_sql
- merge_sql
- tochar_sql
- dictproperty_sql
- dictrange_sql
- dictsubproperty_sql
- oncluster_sql
- clusteredbyproperty_sql
- anyvalue_sql
- querytransform_sql
- indexconstraintoption_sql
- indexcolumnconstraint_sql
- nvl2_sql
- comprehension_sql
- columnprefix_sql