from __future__ import annotations import typing as t from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms from sqlglot._typing import E from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import ( Dialect, NormalizationStrategy, binary_from_function, date_delta_sql, date_trunc_to_time, datestrtodate_sql, format_time_lambda, if_sql, inline_array_sql, max_or_greatest, min_or_least, rename_func, timestamptrunc_sql, timestrtotime_sql, ts_or_ds_to_date_sql, var_map_sql, ) from sqlglot.expressions import Literal from sqlglot.helper import seq_get from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType def _check_int(s: str) -> bool: if s[0] in ("-", "+"): return s[1:].isdigit() return s.isdigit() # from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html def _parse_to_timestamp(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StrToTime, exp.UnixToTime, exp.TimeStrToTime]: if len(args) == 2: first_arg, second_arg = args if second_arg.is_string: # case: [ , ] return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args) # case: [ , ] if second_arg.name not in ["0", "3", "9"]: raise ValueError( f"Scale for snowflake numeric timestamp is {second_arg}, but should be 0, 3, or 9" ) if second_arg.name == "0": timescale = exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS elif second_arg.name == "3": timescale = exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS elif second_arg.name == "9": timescale = exp.UnixToTime.NANOS return exp.UnixToTime(this=first_arg, scale=timescale) from sqlglot.optimizer.simplify import simplify_literals # The first argument might be an expression like 40 * 365 * 86400, so we try to # reduce it using `simplify_literals` first and then check if it's a Literal. first_arg = seq_get(args, 0) if not isinstance(simplify_literals(first_arg, root=True), Literal): # case: or other expressions such as columns return exp.TimeStrToTime.from_arg_list(args) if first_arg.is_string: if _check_int(first_arg.this): # case: return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args) # case: return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake", default=True)(args) # case: return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args) def _parse_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]: expression = parser.parse_var_map(args) if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap): return expression return exp.Struct( expressions=[ t.cast(exp.Condition, k).eq(v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values) ] ) def _parse_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff: return exp.DateDiff(this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)) def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str: scale = expression.args.get("scale") timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this") if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS): return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp})" if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS: return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp}, 3)" if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MICROS: return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp} / 1000, 3)" if scale == exp.UnixToTime.NANOS: return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp}, 9)" self.unsupported(f"Unsupported scale for timestamp: {scale}.") return "" # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type() if not this: return None self._match(TokenType.COMMA) expression = self._parse_bitwise() name = this.name.upper() if name.startswith("EPOCH"): if name.startswith("EPOCH_MILLISECOND"): scale = 10**3 elif name.startswith("EPOCH_MICROSECOND"): scale = 10**6 elif name.startswith("EPOCH_NANOSECOND"): scale = 10**9 else: scale = None ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP")) to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts) if scale: to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale)) return to_unix return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression) # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0 def _div0_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If: cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0)) true = exp.Literal.number(0) false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1)) return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false) # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull def _zeroifnull_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If: cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null()) return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0)) # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull def _nullifzero_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If: cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0)) return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0)) def _datatype_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.DataType) -> str: if expression.is_type("array"): return "ARRAY" elif expression.is_type("map"): return "OBJECT" return self.datatype_sql(expression) def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str: flag = expression.text("flag") if "i" not in flag: flag += "i" return self.func( "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag) ) def _parse_convert_timezone(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.Anonymous, exp.AtTimeZone]: if len(args) == 3: return exp.Anonymous(this="CONVERT_TIMEZONE", expressions=args) return exp.AtTimeZone(this=seq_get(args, 1), zone=seq_get(args, 0)) def _parse_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args) if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"): regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string("")) return regexp_replace def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]: def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show: return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs) return _parse class Snowflake(Dialect): # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large" TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'" SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False TIME_MAPPING = { "YYYY": "%Y", "yyyy": "%Y", "YY": "%y", "yy": "%y", "MMMM": "%B", "mmmm": "%B", "MON": "%b", "mon": "%b", "MM": "%m", "mm": "%m", "DD": "%d", "dd": "%-d", "DY": "%a", "dy": "%w", "HH24": "%H", "hh24": "%H", "HH12": "%I", "hh12": "%I", "MI": "%M", "mi": "%M", "SS": "%S", "ss": "%S", "FF": "%f", "ff": "%f", "FF6": "%f", "ff6": "%f", } def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E: # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table if ( isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier) and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table) and expression.name.lower() == "dual" ): return t.cast(E, expression) return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify) class Parser(parser.Parser): IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW} FUNCTIONS = { **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS, "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list, "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list, "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains( this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0) ), "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries( # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive start=seq_get(args, 0), end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)), step=seq_get(args, 2), ), "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list, "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor), "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor), "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor), "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone, "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time, "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd( this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0) ), "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff, "DIV0": _div0_to_if, "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list, "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list, "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list, "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct, "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace, "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list, "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list, "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)), "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff, "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff, "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp, "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list, "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if, } FUNCTION_PARSERS = { **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS, "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part, } FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM") COLUMN_OPERATORS = { **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS, TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this, path: self.expression( exp.Bracket, this=this, expressions=[path] ), } TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME} RANGE_PARSERS = { **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS, TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny), TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny), } ALTER_PARSERS = { **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS, "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")), "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression( exp.Set, tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"), expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var), unset=True, ), "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(), } STATEMENT_PARSERS = { **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS, TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(), } PROPERTY_PARSERS = { **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS, "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(), } SHOW_PARSERS = { "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"), "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"), } STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = { TokenType.DOT, TokenType.MOD, TokenType.SLASH, } FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"] def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]: lateral = super()._parse_lateral() if not lateral: return lateral if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode): table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias") columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS] if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"): table_alias.set("columns", columns) elif not table_alias: exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False) return lateral def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table: # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before index = self._index if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")): this = self._prev.text.upper() kind = ( self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN) and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND) and self._prev.text.upper() ) expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise() if expression: self._match_r_paren() when = self.expression( exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression ) table.set("when", when) else: self._retreat(index) return table def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table: # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False): table = self._parse_string() elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False): table = self._parse_location_path() else: table = None if table: file_format = None pattern = None self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN) while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN): if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"): file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts() elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"): pattern = self._parse_string() else: break self._match(TokenType.COMMA) table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern) else: table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema) return self._parse_at_before(table) def _parse_id_var( self, any_token: bool = True, tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None, ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("): identifier = ( super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens) or self._parse_string() ) self._match_r_paren() return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier]) return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens) def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show: scope = None scope_kind = None if self._match(TokenType.IN): if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"): scope_kind = "ACCOUNT" elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES): scope_kind = self._prev.text if self._curr: scope = self._parse_table() elif self._curr: scope_kind = "TABLE" scope = self._parse_table() return self.expression(exp.Show, this=this, scope=scope, scope_kind=scope_kind) def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable: self._match_text_seq("WITH") return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True)) def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty: self._match(TokenType.EQ) return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path()) def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var: parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)] # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar # can be joined in a query with a comma separator. while self._is_connected() and not self._match(TokenType.COMMA, advance=False): parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)) return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part)) class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer): STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"] HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")] RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"] COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")] KEYWORDS = { **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS, "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT, "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR, "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR, "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT, "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY, "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY, "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE, "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT, "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR, "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND, "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE, "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE, "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ, "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP, "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ, "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP, "TOP": TokenType.TOP, } SINGLE_TOKENS = { **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS, "$": TokenType.PARAMETER, } VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"} COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW} class Generator(generator.Generator): PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$" MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True JOIN_HINTS = False TABLE_HINTS = False QUERY_HINTS = False AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True TRANSFORMS = { **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS, exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"), exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"), exp.Array: inline_array_sql, exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"), exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this), exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"), exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func( "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this ), exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"), exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"), exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql, exp.DataType: _datatype_sql, exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"), exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"), exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"), exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"), exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"), exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func( "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step") ), exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"), exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"), exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"), exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"), exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"), exp.Max: max_or_greatest, exp.Min: min_or_least, exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}", exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess( [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles] ), exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess( [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles] ), exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql, exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"), exp.Select: transforms.preprocess( [ transforms.eliminate_distinct_on, transforms.explode_to_unnest(), transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins, ] ), exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"), exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"), exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"), exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func( "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position") ), exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})", exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func( "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()), ), exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"), exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql, exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql, exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func( "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e) ), exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})", exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"), exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e), exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression), exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True), exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("snowflake"), exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql, exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"), exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"), exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"), } TYPE_MAPPING = { **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ", } STAR_MAPPING = { "except": "EXCLUDE", "replace": "RENAME", } PROPERTIES_LOCATION = { **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION, exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED, exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED, } def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str: value = expression.this if value.type is None: from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types value = annotate_types(value) if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN): return super().trycast_sql(expression) # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake return self.cast_sql(expression) def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str: if not expression.expression: return self.func("LN", expression.this) return super().log_sql(expression) def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str: unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias") offset = expression.args.get("offset") columns = [ exp.to_identifier("seq"), exp.to_identifier("key"), exp.to_identifier("path"), offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"), seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0) or exp.to_identifier("value"), exp.to_identifier("this"), ] if unnest_alias: unnest_alias.set("columns", columns) else: unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns) explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))" alias = self.sql(unnest_alias) alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else "" return f"{explode}{alias}" def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str: scope = self.sql(expression, "scope") scope = f" {scope}" if scope else "" scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind") if scope_kind: scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}" return f"SHOW {expression.name}{scope_kind}{scope}" def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str: # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct group = expression.args.get("group") parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c")) occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1)) position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1)) return self.func( "REGEXP_SUBSTR", expression.this, expression.expression, position, occurrence, parameters, group, ) def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str: if not expression.args.get("distinct", False): self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake") return super().except_op(expression) def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str: if not expression.args.get("distinct", False): self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake") return super().intersect_op(expression) def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str: # Default to table if kind is unknown kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE" kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else "" this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}" expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True) expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else "" return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}" def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint ) -> str: start = expression.args.get("start") start = f" START {start}" if start else "" increment = expression.args.get("increment") increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else "" return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}" def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str: this = self.sql(expression, "this") return f"SWAP WITH {this}" def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str: return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")