import unittest from sqlglot import Dialect, Dialects, ErrorLevel, UnsupportedError, parse_one class Validator(unittest.TestCase): dialect = None def parse_one(self, sql): return parse_one(sql, read=self.dialect) def validate_identity(self, sql, write_sql=None): expression = self.parse_one(sql) self.assertEqual(write_sql or sql, expression.sql(dialect=self.dialect)) return expression def validate_all(self, sql, read=None, write=None, pretty=False): """ Validate that: 1. Everything in `read` transpiles to `sql` 2. `sql` transpiles to everything in `write` Args: sql (str): Main SQL expression dialect (str): dialect of `sql` read (dict): Mapping of dialect -> SQL write (dict): Mapping of dialect -> SQL """ expression = self.parse_one(sql) for read_dialect, read_sql in (read or {}).items(): with self.subTest(f"{read_dialect} -> {sql}"): self.assertEqual( parse_one(read_sql, read_dialect).sql( self.dialect, unsupported_level=ErrorLevel.IGNORE, pretty=pretty ), sql, ) for write_dialect, write_sql in (write or {}).items(): with self.subTest(f"{sql} -> {write_dialect}"): if write_sql is UnsupportedError: with self.assertRaises(UnsupportedError): expression.sql(write_dialect, unsupported_level=ErrorLevel.RAISE) else: self.assertEqual( expression.sql( write_dialect, unsupported_level=ErrorLevel.IGNORE, pretty=pretty, ), write_sql, ) class TestDialect(Validator): maxDiff = None def test_enum(self): for dialect in Dialects: self.assertIsNotNone(Dialect[dialect]) self.assertIsNotNone(Dialect.get(dialect)) self.assertIsNotNone(Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect)) self.assertIsNotNone(Dialect[dialect.value]) def test_cast(self): self.validate_all( "CAST(a AS TEXT)", write={ "bigquery": "CAST(a AS STRING)", "clickhouse": "CAST(a AS TEXT)", "drill": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)", "duckdb": "CAST(a AS TEXT)", "mysql": "CAST(a AS TEXT)", "hive": "CAST(a AS STRING)", "oracle": "CAST(a AS CLOB)", "postgres": "CAST(a AS TEXT)", "presto": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)", "redshift": "CAST(a AS TEXT)", "snowflake": "CAST(a AS TEXT)", "spark": "CAST(a AS STRING)", "starrocks": "CAST(a AS STRING)", }, ) self.validate_all( "CAST(a AS BINARY(4))", write={ "bigquery": "CAST(a AS BINARY(4))", "clickhouse": "CAST(a AS BINARY(4))", "drill": "CAST(a AS VARBINARY(4))", "duckdb": "CAST(a AS BINARY(4))", "mysql": "CAST(a AS BINARY(4))", "hive": "CAST(a AS BINARY(4))", "oracle": "CAST(a AS BLOB(4))", "postgres": "CAST(a AS BYTEA(4))", "presto": "CAST(a AS VARBINARY(4))", "redshift": "CAST(a AS VARBYTE(4))", "snowflake": "CAST(a AS BINARY(4))", "sqlite": "CAST(a AS BLOB(4))", "spark": "CAST(a AS BINARY(4))", "starrocks": "CAST(a AS BINARY(4))", }, ) self.validate_all( "CAST(a AS VARBINARY(4))", write={ "bigquery": "CAST(a AS VARBINARY(4))", "clickhouse": "CAST(a AS VARBINARY(4))", "duckdb": "CAST(a AS VARBINARY(4))", "mysql": "CAST(a AS VARBINARY(4))", "hive": "CAST(a AS BINARY(4))", "oracle": "CAST(a AS BLOB(4))", "postgres": "CAST(a AS BYTEA(4))", "presto": "CAST(a AS VARBINARY(4))", "redshift": "CAST(a AS VARBYTE(4))", "snowflake": "CAST(a AS VARBINARY(4))", "sqlite": "CAST(a AS BLOB(4))", "spark": "CAST(a AS BINARY(4))", "starrocks": "CAST(a AS VARBINARY(4))", }, ) self.validate_all( "CAST(MAP('a', '1') AS MAP(TEXT, TEXT))", write={ "clickhouse": "CAST(map('a', '1') AS Map(TEXT, TEXT))", }, ) self.validate_all( "CAST(ARRAY(1, 2) AS ARRAY)", write={ "clickhouse": "CAST([1, 2] AS Array(Int8))", }, ) self.validate_all( "CAST((1, 2) AS STRUCT)", write={ "clickhouse": "CAST((1, 2) AS Tuple(a Int8, b Int16, c Int32, d Int64))", }, ) self.validate_all( "CAST(a AS DATETIME)", write={ "postgres": "CAST(a AS TIMESTAMP)", "sqlite": "CAST(a AS DATETIME)", }, ) self.validate_all( "CAST(a AS STRING)", write={ "bigquery": "CAST(a AS STRING)", "drill": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)", "duckdb": "CAST(a AS TEXT)", "mysql": "CAST(a AS TEXT)", "hive": "CAST(a AS STRING)", "oracle": "CAST(a AS CLOB)", "postgres": "CAST(a AS TEXT)", "presto": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)", "redshift": "CAST(a AS TEXT)", "snowflake": "CAST(a AS TEXT)", "spark": "CAST(a AS STRING)", "starrocks": "CAST(a AS STRING)", }, ) self.validate_all( "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)", write={ "bigquery": "CAST(a AS STRING)", "drill": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)", "duckdb": "CAST(a AS TEXT)", "mysql": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)", "hive": "CAST(a AS STRING)", "oracle": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR2)", "postgres": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)", "presto": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)", "redshift": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)", "snowflake": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)", "spark": "CAST(a AS STRING)", "starrocks": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)", }, ) self.validate_all( "CAST(a AS VARCHAR(3))", write={ "bigquery": "CAST(a AS STRING(3))", "drill": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR(3))", "duckdb": "CAST(a AS TEXT(3))", "mysql": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR(3))", "hive": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR(3))", "oracle": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR2(3))", "postgres": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR(3))", "presto": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR(3))", "redshift": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR(3))", "snowflake": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR(3))", "spark": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR(3))", "starrocks": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR(3))", }, ) self.validate_all( "CAST(a AS SMALLINT)", write={ "bigquery": "CAST(a AS INT64)", "drill": "CAST(a AS INTEGER)", "duckdb": "CAST(a AS SMALLINT)", "mysql": "CAST(a AS SMALLINT)", "hive": "CAST(a AS SMALLINT)", "oracle": "CAST(a AS NUMBER)", "postgres": "CAST(a AS SMALLINT)", "presto": "CAST(a AS SMALLINT)", "redshift": "CAST(a AS SMALLINT)", "snowflake": "CAST(a AS SMALLINT)", "spark": "CAST(a AS SHORT)", "sqlite": "CAST(a AS INTEGER)", "starrocks": "CAST(a AS SMALLINT)", }, ) self.validate_all( "TRY_CAST(a AS DOUBLE)", read={ "postgres": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE PRECISION)", "redshift": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE PRECISION)", }, write={ "duckdb": "TRY_CAST(a AS DOUBLE)", "drill": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE)", "postgres": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE PRECISION)", "redshift": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE PRECISION)", }, ) self.validate_all( "CAST(a AS DOUBLE)", write={ "bigquery": "CAST(a AS FLOAT64)", "clickhouse": "CAST(a AS Float64)", "drill": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE)", "duckdb": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE)", "mysql": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE)", "hive": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE)", "oracle": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE PRECISION)", "postgres": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE PRECISION)", "presto": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE)", "redshift": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE PRECISION)", "snowflake": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE)", "spark": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE)", "starrocks": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE)", }, ) self.validate_all( "CAST('1 DAY' AS INTERVAL)", write={ "postgres": "CAST('1 DAY' AS INTERVAL)", "redshift": "CAST('1 DAY' AS INTERVAL)", }, ) self.validate_all( "CAST(a AS TIMESTAMP)", write={ "starrocks": "CAST(a AS DATETIME)", "redshift": "CAST(a AS TIMESTAMP)", }, ) self.validate_all( "CAST(a AS TIMESTAMPTZ)", write={ "starrocks": "CAST(a AS DATETIME)", "redshift": "CAST(a AS TIMESTAMPTZ)", }, ) self.validate_all("CAST(a AS TINYINT)", write={"oracle": "CAST(a AS NUMBER)"}) self.validate_all("CAST(a AS SMALLINT)", write={"oracle": "CAST(a AS NUMBER)"}) self.validate_all("CAST(a AS BIGINT)", write={"oracle": "CAST(a AS NUMBER)"}) self.validate_all("CAST(a AS INT)", write={"oracle": "CAST(a AS NUMBER)"}) self.validate_all( "CAST(a AS DECIMAL)", read={"oracle": "CAST(a AS NUMBER)"}, write={"oracle": "CAST(a AS NUMBER)"}, ) def test_time(self): self.validate_all( "STR_TO_TIME(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')", read={ "duckdb": "STRPTIME(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')", }, write={ "mysql": "STR_TO_DATE(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%S')", "duckdb": "STRPTIME(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')", "hive": "CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP(x, 'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss')) AS TIMESTAMP)", "presto": "DATE_PARSE(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%S')", "drill": "TO_TIMESTAMP(x, 'yyyy-MM-dd''T''HH:mm:ss')", "redshift": "TO_TIMESTAMP(x, 'YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MI:SS')", "spark": "TO_TIMESTAMP(x, 'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss')", }, ) self.validate_all( "STR_TO_TIME('2020-01-01', '%Y-%m-%d')", write={ "drill": "TO_TIMESTAMP('2020-01-01', 'yyyy-MM-dd')", "duckdb": "STRPTIME('2020-01-01', '%Y-%m-%d')", "hive": "CAST('2020-01-01' AS TIMESTAMP)", "oracle": "TO_TIMESTAMP('2020-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD')", "postgres": "TO_TIMESTAMP('2020-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD')", "presto": "DATE_PARSE('2020-01-01', '%Y-%m-%d')", "redshift": "TO_TIMESTAMP('2020-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD')", "spark": "TO_TIMESTAMP('2020-01-01', 'yyyy-MM-dd')", }, ) self.validate_all( "STR_TO_TIME(x, '%y')", write={ "drill": "TO_TIMESTAMP(x, 'yy')", "duckdb": "STRPTIME(x, '%y')", "hive": "CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP(x, 'yy')) AS TIMESTAMP)", "presto": "DATE_PARSE(x, '%y')", "oracle": "TO_TIMESTAMP(x, 'YY')", "postgres": "TO_TIMESTAMP(x, 'YY')", "redshift": "TO_TIMESTAMP(x, 'YY')", "spark": "TO_TIMESTAMP(x, 'yy')", }, ) self.validate_all( "STR_TO_UNIX('2020-01-01', '%Y-%M-%d')", write={ "duckdb": "EPOCH(STRPTIME('2020-01-01', '%Y-%M-%d'))", "hive": "UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2020-01-01', 'yyyy-mm-dd')", "presto": "TO_UNIXTIME(DATE_PARSE('2020-01-01', '%Y-%i-%d'))", "starrocks": "UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2020-01-01', '%Y-%i-%d')", }, ) self.validate_all( "TIME_STR_TO_DATE('2020-01-01')", write={ "drill": "CAST('2020-01-01' AS DATE)", "duckdb": "CAST('2020-01-01' AS DATE)", "hive": "TO_DATE('2020-01-01')", "presto": "DATE_PARSE('2020-01-01', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s')", "starrocks": "TO_DATE('2020-01-01')", }, ) self.validate_all( "TIME_STR_TO_TIME('2020-01-01')", write={ "drill": "CAST('2020-01-01' AS TIMESTAMP)", "duckdb": "CAST('2020-01-01' AS TIMESTAMP)", "hive": "CAST('2020-01-01' AS TIMESTAMP)", "presto": "DATE_PARSE('2020-01-01', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s')", }, ) self.validate_all( "TIME_STR_TO_UNIX('2020-01-01')", write={ "duckdb": "EPOCH(CAST('2020-01-01' AS TIMESTAMP))", "hive": "UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2020-01-01')", "presto": "TO_UNIXTIME(DATE_PARSE('2020-01-01', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S'))", }, ) self.validate_all( "TIME_TO_STR(x, '%Y-%m-%d')", write={ "drill": "TO_CHAR(x, 'yyyy-MM-dd')", "duckdb": "STRFTIME(x, '%Y-%m-%d')", "hive": "DATE_FORMAT(x, 'yyyy-MM-dd')", "oracle": "TO_CHAR(x, 'YYYY-MM-DD')", "postgres": "TO_CHAR(x, 'YYYY-MM-DD')", "presto": "DATE_FORMAT(x, '%Y-%m-%d')", "redshift": "TO_CHAR(x, 'YYYY-MM-DD')", }, ) self.validate_all( "TIME_TO_TIME_STR(x)", write={ "drill": "CAST(x AS VARCHAR)", "duckdb": "CAST(x AS TEXT)", "hive": "CAST(x AS STRING)", "presto": "CAST(x AS VARCHAR)", "redshift": "CAST(x AS TEXT)", }, ) self.validate_all( "TIME_TO_UNIX(x)", write={ "drill": "UNIX_TIMESTAMP(x)", "duckdb": "EPOCH(x)", "hive": "UNIX_TIMESTAMP(x)", "presto": "TO_UNIXTIME(x)", }, ) self.validate_all( "TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR(x)", write={ "duckdb": "SUBSTRING(CAST(x AS TEXT), 1, 10)", "hive": "SUBSTRING(CAST(x AS STRING), 1, 10)", "presto": "SUBSTRING(CAST(x AS VARCHAR), 1, 10)", }, ) self.validate_all( "TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE(x)", write={ "duckdb": "CAST(x AS DATE)", "hive": "TO_DATE(x)", "presto": "CAST(SUBSTR(CAST(x AS VARCHAR), 1, 10) AS DATE)", }, ) self.validate_all( "TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE(x, '%-d')", write={ "duckdb": "CAST(STRPTIME(x, '%-d') AS DATE)", "hive": "TO_DATE(x, 'd')", "presto": "CAST(DATE_PARSE(x, '%e') AS DATE)", "spark": "TO_DATE(x, 'd')", }, ) self.validate_all( "UNIX_TO_STR(x, y)", write={ "duckdb": "STRFTIME(TO_TIMESTAMP(CAST(x AS BIGINT)), y)", "hive": "FROM_UNIXTIME(x, y)", "presto": "DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME(x), y)", "starrocks": "FROM_UNIXTIME(x, y)", }, ) self.validate_all( "UNIX_TO_TIME(x)", write={ "duckdb": "TO_TIMESTAMP(CAST(x AS BIGINT))", "hive": "FROM_UNIXTIME(x)", "oracle": "TO_DATE('1970-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD') + (x / 86400)", "postgres": "TO_TIMESTAMP(x)", "presto": "FROM_UNIXTIME(x)", "starrocks": "FROM_UNIXTIME(x)", }, ) self.validate_all( "UNIX_TO_TIME_STR(x)", write={ "duckdb": "CAST(TO_TIMESTAMP(CAST(x AS BIGINT)) AS TEXT)", "hive": "FROM_UNIXTIME(x)", "presto": "CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME(x) AS VARCHAR)", }, ) self.validate_all( "DATE_TO_DATE_STR(x)", write={ "drill": "CAST(x AS VARCHAR)", "duckdb": "CAST(x AS TEXT)", "hive": "CAST(x AS STRING)", "presto": "CAST(x AS VARCHAR)", }, ) self.validate_all( "DATE_TO_DI(x)", write={ "drill": "CAST(TO_DATE(x, 'yyyyMMdd') AS INT)", "duckdb": "CAST(STRFTIME(x, '%Y%m%d') AS INT)", "hive": "CAST(DATE_FORMAT(x, 'yyyyMMdd') AS INT)", "presto": "CAST(DATE_FORMAT(x, '%Y%m%d') AS INT)", }, ) self.validate_all( "DI_TO_DATE(x)", write={ "drill": "TO_DATE(CAST(x AS VARCHAR), 'yyyyMMdd')", "duckdb": "CAST(STRPTIME(CAST(x AS TEXT), '%Y%m%d') AS DATE)", "hive": "TO_DATE(CAST(x AS STRING), 'yyyyMMdd')", "presto": "CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST(x AS VARCHAR), '%Y%m%d') AS DATE)", }, ) self.validate_all( "TS_OR_DI_TO_DI(x)", write={ "duckdb": "CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST(x AS TEXT), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)", "hive": "CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST(x AS STRING), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)", "presto": "CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST(x AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)", "spark": "CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST(x AS STRING), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)", }, ) self.validate_all( "DATE_ADD(x, 1, 'day')", read={ "mysql": "DATE_ADD(x, INTERVAL 1 DAY)", "starrocks": "DATE_ADD(x, INTERVAL 1 DAY)", }, write={ "bigquery": "DATE_ADD(x, INTERVAL 1 'day')", "drill": "DATE_ADD(x, INTERVAL '1' DAY)", "duckdb": "x + INTERVAL 1 day", "hive": "DATE_ADD(x, 1)", "mysql": "DATE_ADD(x, INTERVAL 1 DAY)", "postgres": "x + INTERVAL '1' 'day'", "presto": "DATE_ADD('day', 1, x)", "spark": "DATE_ADD(x, 1)", "starrocks": "DATE_ADD(x, INTERVAL 1 DAY)", "tsql": "DATEADD(day, 1, x)", }, ) self.validate_all( "DATE_ADD(x, 1)", write={ "bigquery": "DATE_ADD(x, INTERVAL 1 'day')", "drill": "DATE_ADD(x, INTERVAL '1' DAY)", "duckdb": "x + INTERVAL 1 DAY", "hive": "DATE_ADD(x, 1)", "mysql": "DATE_ADD(x, INTERVAL 1 DAY)", "presto": "DATE_ADD('day', 1, x)", "spark": "DATE_ADD(x, 1)", "starrocks": "DATE_ADD(x, INTERVAL 1 DAY)", }, ) self.validate_all( "DATE_TRUNC('day', x)", write={ "mysql": "DATE(x)", }, ) self.validate_all( "DATE_TRUNC('week', x)", write={ "mysql": "STR_TO_DATE(CONCAT(YEAR(x), ' ', WEEK(x, 1), ' 1'), '%Y %u %w')", }, ) self.validate_all( "DATE_TRUNC('month', x)", write={ "mysql": "STR_TO_DATE(CONCAT(YEAR(x), ' ', MONTH(x), ' 1'), '%Y %c %e')", }, ) self.validate_all( "DATE_TRUNC('quarter', x)", write={ "mysql": "STR_TO_DATE(CONCAT(YEAR(x), ' ', QUARTER(x) * 3 - 2, ' 1'), '%Y %c %e')", }, ) self.validate_all( "DATE_TRUNC('year', x)", write={ "mysql": "STR_TO_DATE(CONCAT(YEAR(x), ' 1 1'), '%Y %c %e')", }, ) self.validate_all( "DATE_TRUNC('millenium', x)", write={ "mysql": UnsupportedError, }, ) self.validate_all( "DATE_TRUNC('year', x)", read={ "starrocks": "DATE_TRUNC('year', x)", }, write={ "starrocks": "DATE_TRUNC('year', x)", }, ) self.validate_all( "DATE_TRUNC(x, year)", read={ "bigquery": "DATE_TRUNC(x, year)", }, write={ "bigquery": "DATE_TRUNC(x, year)", }, ) self.validate_all( "STR_TO_DATE(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')", read={ "mysql": "STR_TO_DATE(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%S')", "starrocks": "STR_TO_DATE(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%S')", }, write={ "drill": "TO_DATE(x, 'yyyy-MM-dd''T''HH:mm:ss')", "mysql": "STR_TO_DATE(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%S')", "starrocks": "STR_TO_DATE(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%S')", "hive": "CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP(x, 'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss')) AS DATE)", "presto": "CAST(DATE_PARSE(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%S') AS DATE)", "spark": "TO_DATE(x, 'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss')", }, ) self.validate_all( "STR_TO_DATE(x, '%Y-%m-%d')", write={ "drill": "CAST(x AS DATE)", "mysql": "STR_TO_DATE(x, '%Y-%m-%d')", "starrocks": "STR_TO_DATE(x, '%Y-%m-%d')", "hive": "CAST(x AS DATE)", "presto": "CAST(DATE_PARSE(x, '%Y-%m-%d') AS DATE)", "spark": "TO_DATE(x)", }, ) self.validate_all( "DATE_STR_TO_DATE(x)", write={ "drill": "CAST(x AS DATE)", "duckdb": "CAST(x AS DATE)", "hive": "TO_DATE(x)", "presto": "CAST(DATE_PARSE(x, '%Y-%m-%d') AS DATE)", "spark": "TO_DATE(x)", }, ) self.validate_all( "TS_OR_DS_ADD('2021-02-01', 1, 'DAY')", write={ "drill": "DATE_ADD(CAST('2021-02-01' AS DATE), INTERVAL '1' DAY)", "duckdb": "CAST('2021-02-01' AS DATE) + INTERVAL 1 DAY", "hive": "DATE_ADD('2021-02-01', 1)", "presto": "DATE_ADD('DAY', 1, DATE_PARSE(SUBSTR('2021-02-01', 1, 10), '%Y-%m-%d'))", "spark": "DATE_ADD('2021-02-01', 1)", }, ) self.validate_all( "DATE_ADD(CAST('2020-01-01' AS DATE), 1)", write={ "drill": "DATE_ADD(CAST('2020-01-01' AS DATE), INTERVAL '1' DAY)", "duckdb": "CAST('2020-01-01' AS DATE) + INTERVAL 1 DAY", "hive": "DATE_ADD(CAST('2020-01-01' AS DATE), 1)", "presto": "DATE_ADD('day', 1, CAST('2020-01-01' AS DATE))", "spark": "DATE_ADD(CAST('2020-01-01' AS DATE), 1)", }, ) self.validate_all( "TIMESTAMP '2022-01-01'", write={ "drill": "CAST('2022-01-01' AS TIMESTAMP)", "mysql": "CAST('2022-01-01' AS TIMESTAMP)", "starrocks": "CAST('2022-01-01' AS DATETIME)", "hive": "CAST('2022-01-01' AS TIMESTAMP)", }, ) self.validate_all( "TIMESTAMP('2022-01-01')", write={ "mysql": "TIMESTAMP('2022-01-01')", "starrocks": "TIMESTAMP('2022-01-01')", "hive": "TIMESTAMP('2022-01-01')", }, ) for unit in ("DAY", "MONTH", "YEAR"): self.validate_all( f"{unit}(x)", read={ dialect: f"{unit}(x)" for dialect in ( "bigquery", "drill", "duckdb", "mysql", "presto", "starrocks", ) }, write={ dialect: f"{unit}(x)" for dialect in ( "bigquery", "drill", "duckdb", "mysql", "presto", "hive", "spark", "starrocks", ) }, ) def test_array(self): self.validate_all( "ARRAY(0, 1, 2)", write={ "bigquery": "[0, 1, 2]", "duckdb": "LIST_VALUE(0, 1, 2)", "presto": "ARRAY[0, 1, 2]", "spark": "ARRAY(0, 1, 2)", }, ) self.validate_all( "ARRAY_SIZE(x)", write={ "bigquery": "ARRAY_LENGTH(x)", "duckdb": "ARRAY_LENGTH(x)", "drill": "REPEATED_COUNT(x)", "presto": "CARDINALITY(x)", "spark": "SIZE(x)", }, ) self.validate_all( "ARRAY_SUM(ARRAY(1, 2))", write={ "trino": "REDUCE(ARRAY[1, 2], 0, (acc, x) -> acc + x, acc -> acc)", "duckdb": "LIST_SUM(LIST_VALUE(1, 2))", "hive": "ARRAY_SUM(ARRAY(1, 2))", "presto": "ARRAY_SUM(ARRAY[1, 2])", "spark": "AGGREGATE(ARRAY(1, 2), 0, (acc, x) -> acc + x, acc -> acc)", }, ) self.validate_all( "REDUCE(x, 0, (acc, x) -> acc + x, acc -> acc)", write={ "trino": "REDUCE(x, 0, (acc, x) -> acc + x, acc -> acc)", "duckdb": "REDUCE(x, 0, (acc, x) -> acc + x, acc -> acc)", "hive": "REDUCE(x, 0, (acc, x) -> acc + x, acc -> acc)", "presto": "REDUCE(x, 0, (acc, x) -> acc + x, acc -> acc)", "spark": "AGGREGATE(x, 0, (acc, x) -> acc + x, acc -> acc)", }, ) def test_order_by(self): self.validate_all( "SELECT fname, lname, age FROM person ORDER BY age DESC NULLS FIRST, fname ASC NULLS LAST, lname", write={ "bigquery": "SELECT fname, lname, age FROM person ORDER BY age DESC NULLS FIRST, fname NULLS LAST, lname", "duckdb": "SELECT fname, lname, age FROM person ORDER BY age DESC NULLS FIRST, fname NULLS LAST, lname", "oracle": "SELECT fname, lname, age FROM person ORDER BY age DESC NULLS FIRST, fname NULLS LAST, lname", "presto": "SELECT fname, lname, age FROM person ORDER BY age DESC NULLS FIRST, fname, lname NULLS FIRST", "hive": "SELECT fname, lname, age FROM person ORDER BY age DESC NULLS FIRST, fname NULLS LAST, lname", "spark": "SELECT fname, lname, age FROM person ORDER BY age DESC NULLS FIRST, fname NULLS LAST, lname", }, ) def test_json(self): self.validate_all( "JSON_EXTRACT(x, 'y')", read={ "postgres": "x->'y'", "presto": "JSON_EXTRACT(x, 'y')", "starrocks": "x->'y'", }, write={ "oracle": "JSON_EXTRACT(x, 'y')", "postgres": "x->'y'", "presto": "JSON_EXTRACT(x, 'y')", "starrocks": "x->'y'", }, ) self.validate_all( "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR(x, 'y')", read={ "postgres": "x->>'y'", "presto": "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR(x, 'y')", }, write={ "postgres": "x->>'y'", "presto": "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR(x, 'y')", }, ) self.validate_all( "JSONB_EXTRACT(x, 'y')", read={ "postgres": "x#>'y'", }, write={ "postgres": "x#>'y'", }, ) self.validate_all( "JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR(x, 'y')", read={ "postgres": "x#>>'y'", }, write={ "postgres": "x#>>'y'", }, ) def test_cross_join(self): self.validate_all( "SELECT a FROM x CROSS JOIN UNNEST(y) AS t (a)", write={ "drill": "SELECT a FROM x CROSS JOIN UNNEST(y) AS t(a)", "presto": "SELECT a FROM x CROSS JOIN UNNEST(y) AS t(a)", "spark": "SELECT a FROM x LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE(y) t AS a", }, ) self.validate_all( "SELECT a, b FROM x CROSS JOIN UNNEST(y, z) AS t (a, b)", write={ "drill": "SELECT a, b FROM x CROSS JOIN UNNEST(y, z) AS t(a, b)", "presto": "SELECT a, b FROM x CROSS JOIN UNNEST(y, z) AS t(a, b)", "spark": "SELECT a, b FROM x LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE(y) t AS a LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE(z) t AS b", }, ) self.validate_all( "SELECT a FROM x CROSS JOIN UNNEST(y) WITH ORDINALITY AS t (a)", write={ "presto": "SELECT a FROM x CROSS JOIN UNNEST(y) WITH ORDINALITY AS t(a)", "spark": "SELECT a FROM x LATERAL VIEW POSEXPLODE(y) t AS a", }, ) def test_lateral_subquery(self): self.validate_identity( "SELECT art FROM tbl1 INNER JOIN LATERAL (SELECT art FROM tbl2) AS tbl2 ON tbl1.art = tbl2.art" ) self.validate_identity( "SELECT * FROM tbl AS t LEFT JOIN LATERAL (SELECT * FROM b WHERE b.t_id = t.t_id) AS t ON TRUE" ) def test_set_operators(self): self.validate_all( "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b", read={ "bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a UNION DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b", "clickhouse": "SELECT * FROM a UNION DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b", "duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b", "presto": "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b", "spark": "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b", }, write={ "bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a UNION DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b", "drill": "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b", "duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b", "presto": "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b", "spark": "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b", }, ) self.validate_all( "SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b", read={ "bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b", "clickhouse": "SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b", "duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b", "presto": "SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b", "spark": "SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b", }, write={ "bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b", "duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b", "presto": "SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b", "spark": "SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b", }, ) self.validate_all( "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b", read={ "bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b", "duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b", "presto": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b", "spark": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b", }, write={ "bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b", "duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b", "presto": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b", "spark": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b", }, ) self.validate_all( "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b", read={ "bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b", "duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b", "presto": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b", "spark": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b", }, write={ "bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b", "duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b", "presto": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b", "spark": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b", }, ) self.validate_all( "SELECT * FROM a UNION DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b", write={ "bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a UNION DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b", "duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b", "presto": "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b", "spark": "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b", }, ) self.validate_all( "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b", write={ "bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b", "duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b", "presto": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b", "spark": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b", }, ) self.validate_all( "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT ALL SELECT * FROM b", write={ "bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT ALL SELECT * FROM b", "duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT ALL SELECT * FROM b", "presto": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT ALL SELECT * FROM b", "spark": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT ALL SELECT * FROM b", }, ) self.validate_all( "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b", write={ "bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b", "duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b", "presto": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b", "spark": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b", }, ) self.validate_all( "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT ALL SELECT * FROM b", read={ "bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT ALL SELECT * FROM b", "duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT ALL SELECT * FROM b", "presto": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT ALL SELECT * FROM b", "spark": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT ALL SELECT * FROM b", }, ) def test_operators(self): self.validate_identity("some.column LIKE 'foo' || another.column || 'bar' || LOWER(x)") self.validate_identity("some.column LIKE 'foo' + another.column + 'bar'") self.validate_all( "x ILIKE '%y'", read={ "clickhouse": "x ILIKE '%y'", "duckdb": "x ILIKE '%y'", "postgres": "x ILIKE '%y'", "snowflake": "x ILIKE '%y'", }, write={ "bigquery": "LOWER(x) LIKE '%y'", "clickhouse": "x ILIKE '%y'", "drill": "x `ILIKE` '%y'", "duckdb": "x ILIKE '%y'", "hive": "LOWER(x) LIKE '%y'", "mysql": "LOWER(x) LIKE '%y'", "oracle": "LOWER(x) LIKE '%y'", "postgres": "x ILIKE '%y'", "presto": "LOWER(x) LIKE '%y'", "snowflake": "x ILIKE '%y'", "spark": "x ILIKE '%y'", "sqlite": "LOWER(x) LIKE '%y'", "starrocks": "LOWER(x) LIKE '%y'", "trino": "LOWER(x) LIKE '%y'", }, ) self.validate_all( "SELECT * FROM a ORDER BY col_a NULLS LAST", write={ "mysql": UnsupportedError, "starrocks": UnsupportedError, }, ) self.validate_all( "POSITION(' ' in x)", write={ "drill": "STRPOS(x, ' ')", "duckdb": "STRPOS(x, ' ')", "postgres": "STRPOS(x, ' ')", "presto": "STRPOS(x, ' ')", "spark": "LOCATE(' ', x)", "clickhouse": "position(x, ' ')", "snowflake": "POSITION(' ', x)", "mysql": "LOCATE(' ', x)", }, ) self.validate_all( "STR_POSITION('a', x)", write={ "drill": "STRPOS(x, 'a')", "duckdb": "STRPOS(x, 'a')", "postgres": "STRPOS(x, 'a')", "presto": "STRPOS(x, 'a')", "spark": "LOCATE('a', x)", "clickhouse": "position(x, 'a')", "snowflake": "POSITION('a', x)", "mysql": "LOCATE('a', x)", }, ) self.validate_all( "POSITION('a', x, 3)", write={ "drill": "STRPOS(SUBSTR(x, 3), 'a') + 3 - 1", "presto": "STRPOS(SUBSTR(x, 3), 'a') + 3 - 1", "spark": "LOCATE('a', x, 3)", "clickhouse": "position(x, 'a', 3)", "snowflake": "POSITION('a', x, 3)", "mysql": "LOCATE('a', x, 3)", }, ) self.validate_all( "CONCAT_WS('-', 'a', 'b')", write={ "duckdb": "CONCAT_WS('-', 'a', 'b')", "presto": "ARRAY_JOIN(ARRAY['a', 'b'], '-')", "hive": "CONCAT_WS('-', 'a', 'b')", "spark": "CONCAT_WS('-', 'a', 'b')", }, ) self.validate_all( "CONCAT_WS('-', x)", write={ "duckdb": "CONCAT_WS('-', x)", "presto": "ARRAY_JOIN(x, '-')", "hive": "CONCAT_WS('-', x)", "spark": "CONCAT_WS('-', x)", }, ) self.validate_all( "CONCAT(a)", write={ "mysql": "a", "tsql": "a", }, ) self.validate_all( "IF(x > 1, 1, 0)", write={ "drill": "`IF`(x > 1, 1, 0)", "duckdb": "CASE WHEN x > 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END", "presto": "IF(x > 1, 1, 0)", "hive": "IF(x > 1, 1, 0)", "spark": "IF(x > 1, 1, 0)", "tableau": "IF x > 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END", }, ) self.validate_all( "CASE WHEN 1 THEN x ELSE 0 END", write={ "drill": "CASE WHEN 1 THEN x ELSE 0 END", "duckdb": "CASE WHEN 1 THEN x ELSE 0 END", "presto": "CASE WHEN 1 THEN x ELSE 0 END", "hive": "CASE WHEN 1 THEN x ELSE 0 END", "spark": "CASE WHEN 1 THEN x ELSE 0 END", "tableau": "CASE WHEN 1 THEN x ELSE 0 END", }, ) self.validate_all( "x[y]", write={ "drill": "x[y]", "duckdb": "x[y]", "presto": "x[y]", "hive": "x[y]", "spark": "x[y]", }, ) self.validate_all( """'["x"]'""", write={ "duckdb": """'["x"]'""", "presto": """'["x"]'""", "hive": """'["x"]'""", "spark": """'["x"]'""", }, ) self.validate_all( 'true or null as "foo"', write={ "bigquery": "TRUE OR NULL AS `foo`", "drill": "TRUE OR NULL AS `foo`", "duckdb": 'TRUE OR NULL AS "foo"', "presto": 'TRUE OR NULL AS "foo"', "hive": "TRUE OR NULL AS `foo`", "spark": "TRUE OR NULL AS `foo`", }, ) self.validate_all( "SELECT IF(COALESCE(bar, 0) = 1, TRUE, FALSE) as foo FROM baz", write={ "bigquery": "SELECT CASE WHEN COALESCE(bar, 0) = 1 THEN TRUE ELSE FALSE END AS foo FROM baz", "duckdb": "SELECT CASE WHEN COALESCE(bar, 0) = 1 THEN TRUE ELSE FALSE END AS foo FROM baz", "presto": "SELECT IF(COALESCE(bar, 0) = 1, TRUE, FALSE) AS foo FROM baz", "hive": "SELECT IF(COALESCE(bar, 0) = 1, TRUE, FALSE) AS foo FROM baz", "spark": "SELECT IF(COALESCE(bar, 0) = 1, TRUE, FALSE) AS foo FROM baz", }, ) self.validate_all( "LEVENSHTEIN(col1, col2)", write={ "duckdb": "LEVENSHTEIN(col1, col2)", "drill": "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE(col1, col2)", "presto": "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE(col1, col2)", "hive": "LEVENSHTEIN(col1, col2)", "spark": "LEVENSHTEIN(col1, col2)", }, ) self.validate_all( "LEVENSHTEIN(coalesce(col1, col2), coalesce(col2, col1))", write={ "duckdb": "LEVENSHTEIN(COALESCE(col1, col2), COALESCE(col2, col1))", "drill": "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE(COALESCE(col1, col2), COALESCE(col2, col1))", "presto": "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE(COALESCE(col1, col2), COALESCE(col2, col1))", "hive": "LEVENSHTEIN(COALESCE(col1, col2), COALESCE(col2, col1))", "spark": "LEVENSHTEIN(COALESCE(col1, col2), COALESCE(col2, col1))", }, ) self.validate_all( "ARRAY_FILTER(the_array, x -> x > 0)", write={ "presto": "FILTER(the_array, x -> x > 0)", "hive": "FILTER(the_array, x -> x > 0)", "spark": "FILTER(the_array, x -> x > 0)", }, ) def test_limit(self): self.validate_all( "SELECT * FROM data LIMIT 10, 20", write={"sqlite": "SELECT * FROM data LIMIT 10 OFFSET 20"}, ) self.validate_all( "SELECT x FROM y LIMIT 10", write={ "sqlite": "SELECT x FROM y LIMIT 10", "oracle": "SELECT x FROM y FETCH FIRST 10 ROWS ONLY", }, ) self.validate_all( "SELECT x FROM y LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5", write={ "sqlite": "SELECT x FROM y LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5", "oracle": "SELECT x FROM y OFFSET 5 ROWS FETCH FIRST 10 ROWS ONLY", }, ) self.validate_all( "SELECT x FROM y OFFSET 10 FETCH FIRST 3 ROWS ONLY", write={ "oracle": "SELECT x FROM y OFFSET 10 ROWS FETCH FIRST 3 ROWS ONLY", }, ) self.validate_all( "SELECT x FROM y OFFSET 10 ROWS FETCH FIRST 3 ROWS ONLY", write={ "oracle": "SELECT x FROM y OFFSET 10 ROWS FETCH FIRST 3 ROWS ONLY", }, ) self.validate_all( '"x" + "y"', read={ "clickhouse": '`x` + "y"', "sqlite": '`x` + "y"', "redshift": '"x" + "y"', }, ) self.validate_all( "[1, 2]", write={ "bigquery": "[1, 2]", "clickhouse": "[1, 2]", }, ) self.validate_all( "SELECT * FROM VALUES ('x'), ('y') AS t(z)", write={ "spark": "SELECT * FROM VALUES ('x'), ('y') AS t(z)", }, ) self.validate_all( "CREATE TABLE t (c CHAR, nc NCHAR, v1 VARCHAR, v2 VARCHAR2, nv NVARCHAR, nv2 NVARCHAR2)", write={ "duckdb": "CREATE TABLE t (c CHAR, nc CHAR, v1 TEXT, v2 TEXT, nv TEXT, nv2 TEXT)", "hive": "CREATE TABLE t (c CHAR, nc CHAR, v1 STRING, v2 STRING, nv STRING, nv2 STRING)", "oracle": "CREATE TABLE t (c CHAR, nc CHAR, v1 VARCHAR2, v2 VARCHAR2, nv NVARCHAR2, nv2 NVARCHAR2)", "postgres": "CREATE TABLE t (c CHAR, nc CHAR, v1 VARCHAR, v2 VARCHAR, nv VARCHAR, nv2 VARCHAR)", "sqlite": "CREATE TABLE t (c TEXT, nc TEXT, v1 TEXT, v2 TEXT, nv TEXT, nv2 TEXT)", }, ) self.validate_all( "POWER(1.2, 3.4)", read={ "hive": "pow(1.2, 3.4)", "postgres": "power(1.2, 3.4)", }, ) self.validate_all( "CREATE INDEX my_idx ON tbl (a, b)", read={ "hive": "CREATE INDEX my_idx ON TABLE tbl (a, b)", "sqlite": "CREATE INDEX my_idx ON tbl (a, b)", }, write={ "hive": "CREATE INDEX my_idx ON TABLE tbl (a, b)", "postgres": "CREATE INDEX my_idx ON tbl (a, b)", "sqlite": "CREATE INDEX my_idx ON tbl (a, b)", }, ) self.validate_all( "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX my_idx ON tbl (a, b)", read={ "hive": "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX my_idx ON TABLE tbl (a, b)", "sqlite": "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX my_idx ON tbl (a, b)", }, write={ "hive": "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX my_idx ON TABLE tbl (a, b)", "postgres": "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX my_idx ON tbl (a, b)", "sqlite": "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX my_idx ON tbl (a, b)", }, ) self.validate_all( "CREATE TABLE t (b1 BINARY, b2 BINARY(1024), c1 TEXT, c2 TEXT(1024))", write={ "duckdb": "CREATE TABLE t (b1 BINARY, b2 BINARY(1024), c1 TEXT, c2 TEXT(1024))", "hive": "CREATE TABLE t (b1 BINARY, b2 BINARY(1024), c1 STRING, c2 STRING(1024))", "oracle": "CREATE TABLE t (b1 BLOB, b2 BLOB(1024), c1 CLOB, c2 CLOB(1024))", "postgres": "CREATE TABLE t (b1 BYTEA, b2 BYTEA(1024), c1 TEXT, c2 TEXT(1024))", "sqlite": "CREATE TABLE t (b1 BLOB, b2 BLOB(1024), c1 TEXT, c2 TEXT(1024))", "redshift": "CREATE TABLE t (b1 VARBYTE, b2 VARBYTE(1024), c1 TEXT, c2 TEXT(1024))", }, ) def test_alias(self): self.validate_all( "SELECT a AS b FROM x GROUP BY b", write={ "drill": "SELECT a AS b FROM x GROUP BY b", "duckdb": "SELECT a AS b FROM x GROUP BY b", "presto": "SELECT a AS b FROM x GROUP BY 1", "hive": "SELECT a AS b FROM x GROUP BY 1", "oracle": "SELECT a AS b FROM x GROUP BY 1", "spark": "SELECT a AS b FROM x GROUP BY 1", }, ) self.validate_all( "SELECT y x FROM my_table t", write={ "drill": "SELECT y AS x FROM my_table AS t", "hive": "SELECT y AS x FROM my_table AS t", "oracle": "SELECT y AS x FROM my_table t", "postgres": "SELECT y AS x FROM my_table AS t", "sqlite": "SELECT y AS x FROM my_table AS t", }, ) self.validate_all( "WITH cte1 AS (SELECT a, b FROM table1), cte2 AS (SELECT c, e AS d FROM table2) SELECT b, d AS dd FROM cte1 AS t JOIN cte2 WHERE cte1.a = cte2.c", write={ "hive": "WITH cte1 AS (SELECT a, b FROM table1), cte2 AS (SELECT c, e AS d FROM table2) SELECT b, d AS dd FROM cte1 AS t JOIN cte2 WHERE cte1.a = cte2.c", "oracle": "WITH cte1 AS (SELECT a, b FROM table1), cte2 AS (SELECT c, e AS d FROM table2) SELECT b, d AS dd FROM cte1 t JOIN cte2 WHERE cte1.a = cte2.c", "postgres": "WITH cte1 AS (SELECT a, b FROM table1), cte2 AS (SELECT c, e AS d FROM table2) SELECT b, d AS dd FROM cte1 AS t JOIN cte2 WHERE cte1.a = cte2.c", "sqlite": "WITH cte1 AS (SELECT a, b FROM table1), cte2 AS (SELECT c, e AS d FROM table2) SELECT b, d AS dd FROM cte1 AS t JOIN cte2 WHERE cte1.a = cte2.c", }, ) def test_nullsafe_eq(self): self.validate_all( "SELECT a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM b", read={ "mysql": "SELECT a <=> b", "postgres": "SELECT a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM b", }, write={ "mysql": "SELECT a <=> b", "postgres": "SELECT a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM b", }, ) def test_nullsafe_neq(self): self.validate_all( "SELECT a IS DISTINCT FROM b", read={ "postgres": "SELECT a IS DISTINCT FROM b", }, write={ "mysql": "SELECT NOT a <=> b", "postgres": "SELECT a IS DISTINCT FROM b", }, ) def test_hash_comments(self): self.validate_all( "SELECT 1 /* arbitrary content,,, until end-of-line */", read={ "mysql": "SELECT 1 # arbitrary content,,, until end-of-line", "bigquery": "SELECT 1 # arbitrary content,,, until end-of-line", "clickhouse": "SELECT 1 #! arbitrary content,,, until end-of-line", }, ) self.validate_all( """/* comment1 */ SELECT x, /* comment2 */ y /* comment3 */""", read={ "mysql": """SELECT # comment1 x, # comment2 y # comment3""", "bigquery": """SELECT # comment1 x, # comment2 y # comment3""", "clickhouse": """SELECT # comment1 x, # comment2 y # comment3""", }, pretty=True, ) def test_transactions(self): self.validate_all( "BEGIN TRANSACTION", write={ "bigquery": "BEGIN TRANSACTION", "mysql": "BEGIN", "postgres": "BEGIN", "presto": "START TRANSACTION", "trino": "START TRANSACTION", "redshift": "BEGIN", "snowflake": "BEGIN", "sqlite": "BEGIN TRANSACTION", }, ) self.validate_all( "BEGIN", read={ "presto": "START TRANSACTION READ WRITE, ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE", "trino": "START TRANSACTION READ WRITE, ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE", }, ) self.validate_all( "BEGIN", read={ "presto": "START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ", "trino": "START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ", }, ) self.validate_all( "BEGIN IMMEDIATE TRANSACTION", write={"sqlite": "BEGIN IMMEDIATE TRANSACTION"}, )