# title: lateral # execute: false SELECT a, m FROM z LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE([1, 2]) q AS m; SELECT "z"."a" AS "a", "q"."m" AS "m" FROM "z" AS "z" LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE(ARRAY(1, 2)) q AS "m"; # title: unnest # execute: false SELECT x FROM UNNEST([1, 2]) AS q(x, y); SELECT "q"."x" AS "x" FROM UNNEST(ARRAY(1, 2)) AS "q"("x", "y"); # title: Union in CTE WITH cte AS ( ( SELECT a FROM x ) UNION ALL ( SELECT b AS a FROM y ) ) SELECT * FROM cte; WITH "cte" AS ( ( SELECT "x"."a" AS "a" FROM "x" AS "x" ) UNION ALL ( SELECT "y"."b" AS "a" FROM "y" AS "y" ) ) SELECT "cte"."a" AS "a" FROM "cte"; # title: Chained CTEs WITH cte1 AS ( SELECT a FROM x ), cte2 AS ( SELECT a + 1 AS a FROM cte1 ) SELECT a FROM cte1 UNION ALL SELECT a FROM cte2; WITH "cte1" AS ( SELECT "x"."a" AS "a" FROM "x" AS "x" ) SELECT "cte1"."a" AS "a" FROM "cte1" UNION ALL SELECT "cte1"."a" + 1 AS "a" FROM "cte1"; # title: Correlated subquery SELECT a, SUM(b) AS sum_b FROM ( SELECT x.a, y.b FROM x, y WHERE (SELECT max(b) FROM y WHERE x.b = y.b) >= 0 AND x.b = y.b ) d WHERE (TRUE AND TRUE OR 'a' = 'b') AND a > 1 GROUP BY a; WITH "_u_0" AS ( SELECT MAX("y"."b") AS "_col_0", "y"."b" AS "_u_1" FROM "y" AS "y" GROUP BY "y"."b" ) SELECT "x"."a" AS "a", SUM("y"."b") AS "sum_b" FROM "x" AS "x" LEFT JOIN "_u_0" AS "_u_0" ON "x"."b" = "_u_0"."_u_1" JOIN "y" AS "y" ON "x"."b" = "y"."b" WHERE "_u_0"."_col_0" >= 0 AND "x"."a" > 1 GROUP BY "x"."a"; # title: Root subquery (SELECT a FROM x) LIMIT 1; ( SELECT "x"."a" AS "a" FROM "x" AS "x" ) LIMIT 1; # title: Root subquery is union (SELECT b FROM x UNION SELECT b FROM y ORDER BY b) LIMIT 1; ( SELECT "x"."b" AS "b" FROM "x" AS "x" UNION SELECT "y"."b" AS "b" FROM "y" AS "y" ORDER BY "b" ) LIMIT 1; # title: broadcast # dialect: spark SELECT /*+ BROADCAST(y) */ x.b FROM x JOIN y ON x.b = y.b; SELECT /*+ BROADCAST(`y`) */ `x`.`b` AS `b` FROM `x` AS `x` JOIN `y` AS `y` ON `x`.`b` = `y`.`b`; # title: aggregate # execute: false SELECT AGGREGATE(ARRAY(x.a, x.b), 0, (x, acc) -> x + acc + a) AS sum_agg FROM x; SELECT AGGREGATE(ARRAY("x"."a", "x"."b"), 0, ("x", "acc") -> "x" + "acc" + "x"."a") AS "sum_agg" FROM "x" AS "x"; # title: values SELECT cola, colb FROM (VALUES (1, 'test'), (2, 'test2')) AS tab(cola, colb); SELECT "tab"."cola" AS "cola", "tab"."colb" AS "colb" FROM (VALUES (1, 'test'), (2, 'test2')) AS "tab"("cola", "colb"); # title: spark values # dialect: spark SELECT cola, colb FROM (VALUES (1, 'test'), (2, 'test2')) AS tab(cola, colb); SELECT `tab`.`cola` AS `cola`, `tab`.`colb` AS `colb` FROM VALUES (1, 'test'), (2, 'test2') AS `tab`(`cola`, `colb`); # title: complex CTE dependencies WITH m AS ( SELECT a, b FROM (VALUES (1, 2)) AS a1(a, b) ), n AS ( SELECT a, b FROM m WHERE m.a = 1 ), o AS ( SELECT a, b FROM m WHERE m.a = 2 ) SELECT n.a, n.b, o.b FROM n FULL OUTER JOIN o ON n.a = o.a CROSS JOIN n AS n2 WHERE o.b > 0 AND n.a = n2.a; WITH "m" AS ( SELECT "a1"."a" AS "a", "a1"."b" AS "b" FROM (VALUES (1, 2)) AS "a1"("a", "b") ), "n" AS ( SELECT "m"."a" AS "a", "m"."b" AS "b" FROM "m" WHERE "m"."a" = 1 ), "o" AS ( SELECT "m"."a" AS "a", "m"."b" AS "b" FROM "m" WHERE "m"."a" = 2 ) SELECT "n"."a" AS "a", "n"."b" AS "b", "o"."b" AS "b" FROM "n" JOIN "n" AS "n2" ON "n"."a" = "n2"."a" FULL JOIN "o" ON "n"."a" = "o"."a" WHERE "o"."b" > 0; # title: Broadcast hint # dialect: spark WITH m AS ( SELECT x.a, x.b FROM x ), n AS ( SELECT y.b, y.c FROM y ), joined as ( SELECT /*+ BROADCAST(n) */ m.a, n.c FROM m JOIN n ON m.b = n.b ) SELECT joined.a, joined.c FROM joined; SELECT /*+ BROADCAST(`y`) */ `x`.`a` AS `a`, `y`.`c` AS `c` FROM `x` AS `x` JOIN `y` AS `y` ON `x`.`b` = `y`.`b`; # title: Mix Table and Column Hints # dialect: spark WITH m AS ( SELECT x.a, x.b FROM x ), n AS ( SELECT y.b, y.c FROM y ), joined as ( SELECT /*+ BROADCAST(m), MERGE(m, n) */ m.a, n.c FROM m JOIN n ON m.b = n.b ) SELECT /*+ COALESCE(3) */ joined.a, joined.c FROM joined; SELECT /*+ COALESCE(3), BROADCAST(`x`), MERGE(`x`, `y`) */ `x`.`a` AS `a`, `y`.`c` AS `c` FROM `x` AS `x` JOIN `y` AS `y` ON `x`.`b` = `y`.`b`; WITH cte1 AS ( WITH cte2 AS ( SELECT a, b FROM x ) SELECT a1 FROM ( WITH cte3 AS (SELECT 1) SELECT a AS a1, b AS b1 FROM cte2 ) ) SELECT a1 FROM cte1; SELECT "x"."a" AS "a1" FROM "x" AS "x"; # title: recursive cte WITH RECURSIVE cte1 AS ( SELECT * FROM ( SELECT 1 AS a, 2 AS b ) base CROSS JOIN (SELECT 3 c) y UNION ALL SELECT * FROM cte1 WHERE a < 1 ) SELECT * FROM cte1; WITH RECURSIVE "base" AS ( SELECT 1 AS "a", 2 AS "b" ), "y" AS ( SELECT 3 AS "c" ), "cte1" AS ( SELECT "base"."a" AS "a", "base"."b" AS "b", "y"."c" AS "c" FROM "base" AS "base" CROSS JOIN "y" AS "y" UNION ALL SELECT "cte1"."a" AS "a", "cte1"."b" AS "b", "cte1"."c" AS "c" FROM "cte1" WHERE "cte1"."a" < 1 ) SELECT "cte1"."a" AS "a", "cte1"."b" AS "b", "cte1"."c" AS "c" FROM "cte1"; # title: right join should not push down to from SELECT x.a, y.b FROM x RIGHT JOIN y ON x.a = y.b WHERE x.b = 1; SELECT "x"."a" AS "a", "y"."b" AS "b" FROM "x" AS "x" RIGHT JOIN "y" AS "y" ON "x"."a" = "y"."b" WHERE "x"."b" = 1; # title: right join can push down to itself SELECT x.a, y.b FROM x RIGHT JOIN y ON x.a = y.b WHERE y.b = 1; WITH "y_2" AS ( SELECT "y"."b" AS "b" FROM "y" AS "y" WHERE "y"."b" = 1 ) SELECT "x"."a" AS "a", "y"."b" AS "b" FROM "x" AS "x" RIGHT JOIN "y_2" AS "y" ON "x"."a" = "y"."b"; # title: lateral column alias reference SELECT x.a + 1 AS c, c + 1 AS d FROM x; SELECT "x"."a" + 1 AS "c", "x"."a" + 2 AS "d" FROM "x" AS "x"; # title: column reference takes priority over lateral column alias reference SELECT x.a + 1 AS b, b + 1 AS c FROM x; SELECT "x"."a" + 1 AS "b", "x"."b" + 1 AS "c" FROM "x" AS "x"; # title: unqualified struct element is selected in the outer query # execute: false WITH "cte" AS ( SELECT FROM_JSON("value", 'STRUCT>>>') AS "struct" FROM "tbl" ) SELECT "struct"."f1"."f2"."f3"."f4" AS "f4" FROM "cte"; SELECT FROM_JSON("tbl"."value", 'STRUCT>>>')."f1"."f2"."f3"."f4" AS "f4" FROM "tbl" AS "tbl"; # title: qualified struct element is selected in the outer query # execute: false WITH "cte" AS ( SELECT FROM_JSON("value", 'STRUCT, STRUCT>') AS "struct" FROM "tbl" ) SELECT "cte"."struct"."f1"."f2" AS "f2", "cte"."struct"."f1"."f3" AS "f3" FROM "cte"; SELECT FROM_JSON("tbl"."value", 'STRUCT, STRUCT>')."f1"."f2" AS "f2", FROM_JSON("tbl"."value", 'STRUCT, STRUCT>')."f1"."f3" AS "f3" FROM "tbl" AS "tbl"; # title: left join doesnt push down predicate to join in merge subqueries # execute: false SELECT main_query.id, main_query.score FROM ( SELECT alias_1.id, score FROM ( SELECT company_table.score AS score, id FROM company_table ) AS alias_1 JOIN ( SELECT id FROM ( SELECT company_table_2.id, CASE WHEN unlocked.company_id IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END AS is_exported FROM company_table AS company_table_2 LEFT JOIN unlocked AS unlocked ON company_table_2.id = unlocked.company_id ) WHERE NOT id IS NULL AND is_exported = FALSE ) AS alias_2 ON ( alias_1.id = alias_2.id ) ) AS main_query; SELECT "company_table"."id" AS "id", "company_table"."score" AS "score" FROM "company_table" AS "company_table" JOIN "company_table" AS "company_table_2" ON "company_table"."id" = "company_table_2"."id" LEFT JOIN "unlocked" AS "unlocked" ON "company_table_2"."id" = "unlocked"."company_id" WHERE CASE WHEN "unlocked"."company_id" IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END = FALSE AND NOT "company_table_2"."id" IS NULL; # title: db.table alias clash # execute: false select * from db1.tbl, db2.tbl; SELECT * FROM "db1"."tbl" AS "tbl" CROSS JOIN "db2"."tbl" AS "tbl_2"; # execute: false SELECT *, IFF( IFF( uploaded_at >= '2022-06-16', 'workday', 'bamboohr' ) = source_system, 1, 0 ) AS sort_order FROM unioned WHERE ( source_system = 'workday' AND '9999-01-01' >= '2022-06-16' ) OR ( source_system = 'bamboohr' AND '0001-01-01' < '2022-06-16' ) QUALIFY ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( PARTITION BY unique_filter_key ORDER BY sort_order DESC, 1 ) = 1; SELECT *, IFF( IFF("unioned"."uploaded_at" >= '2022-06-16', 'workday', 'bamboohr') = "unioned"."source_system", 1, 0 ) AS "sort_order" FROM "unioned" AS "unioned" WHERE "unioned"."source_system" = 'bamboohr' OR "unioned"."source_system" = 'workday' QUALIFY ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY "unioned"."unique_filter_key" ORDER BY "unioned"."sort_order" DESC, 1) = 1; # title: pivoted source with explicit selections # execute: false SELECT * FROM (SELECT a, b, c FROM sc.tb) PIVOT (SUM(c) FOR b IN ('x','y','z')); SELECT "_q_1"."a" AS "a", "_q_1"."x" AS "x", "_q_1"."y" AS "y", "_q_1"."z" AS "z" FROM ( SELECT "tb"."a" AS "a", "tb"."b" AS "b", "tb"."c" AS "c" FROM "sc"."tb" AS "tb" ) AS "_q_0" PIVOT(SUM("_q_0"."c") FOR "_q_0"."b" IN ('x', 'y', 'z')) AS "_q_1"; # title: pivoted source with implicit selections # execute: false SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM u) PIVOT (SUM(f) FOR h IN ('x', 'y')); SELECT "_q_1"."g" AS "g", "_q_1"."x" AS "x", "_q_1"."y" AS "y" FROM ( SELECT "u"."f" AS "f", "u"."g" AS "g", "u"."h" AS "h" FROM "u" AS "u" ) AS "_q_0" PIVOT(SUM("_q_0"."f") FOR "_q_0"."h" IN ('x', 'y')) AS "_q_1"; # title: selecting explicit qualified columns from pivoted source with explicit selections # execute: false SELECT piv.x, piv.y FROM (SELECT f, h FROM u) PIVOT (SUM(f) FOR h IN ('x', 'y')) AS piv; SELECT "piv"."x" AS "x", "piv"."y" AS "y" FROM ( SELECT "u"."f" AS "f", "u"."h" AS "h" FROM "u" AS "u" ) AS "_q_0" PIVOT(SUM("_q_0"."f") FOR "_q_0"."h" IN ('x', 'y')) AS "piv"; # title: selecting explicit unqualified columns from pivoted source with implicit selections # execute: false SELECT x, y FROM u PIVOT (SUM(f) FOR h IN ('x', 'y')); SELECT "_q_0"."x" AS "x", "_q_0"."y" AS "y" FROM "u" AS "u" PIVOT(SUM("u"."f") FOR "u"."h" IN ('x', 'y')) AS "_q_0"; # title: selecting all columns from a pivoted CTE source, using alias for the aggregation and generating bigquery # execute: false # dialect: bigquery WITH u_cte(f, g, h) AS (SELECT * FROM u) SELECT * FROM u_cte PIVOT(SUM(f) AS sum FOR h IN ('x', 'y')); WITH `u_cte` AS ( SELECT `u`.`f` AS `f`, `u`.`g` AS `g`, `u`.`h` AS `h` FROM `u` AS `u` ) SELECT `_q_0`.`g` AS `g`, `_q_0`.`sum_x` AS `sum_x`, `_q_0`.`sum_y` AS `sum_y` FROM `u_cte` AS `u_cte` PIVOT(SUM(`u_cte`.`f`) AS `sum` FOR `u_cte`.`h` IN ('x', 'y')) AS `_q_0`; # title: selecting all columns from a pivoted source and generating snowflake # execute: false # dialect: snowflake SELECT * FROM u PIVOT (SUM(f) FOR h IN ('x', 'y')); SELECT "_q_0"."G" AS "G", "_q_0"."'x'" AS "'x'", "_q_0"."'y'" AS "'y'" FROM "U" AS "U" PIVOT(SUM("U"."F") FOR "U"."H" IN ('x', 'y')) AS "_q_0" ; # title: selecting all columns from a pivoted source and generating spark # note: spark doesn't allow pivot aliases or qualified columns for the pivot's "field" (`h`) # execute: false # dialect: spark SELECT * FROM u PIVOT (SUM(f) FOR h IN ('x', 'y')); SELECT `_q_0`.`g` AS `g`, `_q_0`.`x` AS `x`, `_q_0`.`y` AS `y` FROM ( SELECT * FROM `u` AS `u` PIVOT(SUM(`u`.`f`) FOR `h` IN ('x', 'y')) ) AS `_q_0`; # title: quoting is maintained # dialect: snowflake with cte1("id", foo) as (select 1, 2) select "id" from cte1; WITH "CTE1" AS ( SELECT 1 AS "id" ) SELECT "CTE1"."id" AS "id" FROM "CTE1"; # title: ensures proper quoting happens after all optimizations # execute: false SELECT "foO".x FROM (SELECT 1 AS x) AS "foO"; WITH "foO" AS ( SELECT 1 AS "x" ) SELECT "foO"."x" AS "x" FROM "foO" AS "foO"; # title: lateral subquery # execute: false # dialect: postgres SELECT u.user_id, l.log_date FROM users u CROSS JOIN LATERAL ( SELECT l.log_date FROM logs l WHERE l.user_id = u.user_id AND l.log_date <= 100 ORDER BY l.log_date DESC NULLS LAST LIMIT 1 ) l; SELECT "u"."user_id" AS "user_id", "l"."log_date" AS "log_date" FROM "users" AS "u" CROSS JOIN LATERAL ( SELECT "l"."log_date" AS "log_date" FROM "logs" AS "l" WHERE "l"."log_date" <= 100 AND "l"."user_id" = "u"."user_id" ORDER BY "l"."log_date" DESC NULLS LAST LIMIT 1 ) AS "l"; # title: bigquery column identifiers are case-insensitive # execute: false # dialect: bigquery WITH cte AS ( SELECT refresh_date AS `reFREsh_date`, term AS `TeRm`, `rank` FROM `bigquery-public-data.GooGle_tReNDs.TOp_TeRmS` ) SELECT refresh_date AS `Day`, term AS Top_Term, rank, FROM cte WHERE rank = 1 AND refresh_date >= DATE_SUB(CURRENT_DATE(), INTERVAL 2 WEEK) GROUP BY `dAy`, `top_term`, rank ORDER BY `DaY` DESC; SELECT `TOp_TeRmS`.`refresh_date` AS `day`, `TOp_TeRmS`.`term` AS `top_term`, `TOp_TeRmS`.`rank` AS `rank` FROM `bigquery-public-data`.`GooGle_tReNDs`.`TOp_TeRmS` AS `TOp_TeRmS` WHERE `TOp_TeRmS`.`rank` = 1 AND CAST(`TOp_TeRmS`.`refresh_date` AS DATE) >= DATE_SUB(CURRENT_DATE, INTERVAL 2 WEEK) GROUP BY `day`, `top_term`, `rank` ORDER BY `day` DESC; # title: group by keys cannot be simplified SELECT a + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 AS b, 2 + 1 AS c FROM x GROUP BY a + 1 + 1 HAVING a + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 > 1; SELECT "x"."a" + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 AS "b", 3 AS "c" FROM "x" AS "x" GROUP BY "x"."a" + 1 + 1 HAVING "x"."a" + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 > 1; # title: replace alias with mult expression without wrapping it WITH cte AS (SELECT a * b AS c, a AS d, b as e FROM x) SELECT c + d - (c - e) AS f FROM cte; SELECT "x"."a" * "x"."b" + "x"."a" - ( "x"."a" * "x"."b" - "x"."b" ) AS "f" FROM "x" AS "x"; # title: wrapped table without alias # execute: false SELECT * FROM (tbl); SELECT * FROM ( "tbl" AS "tbl" ); # title: wrapped table with alias # execute: false SELECT * FROM (tbl AS tbl); SELECT * FROM ( "tbl" AS "tbl" ); # title: wrapped join of tables without alias SELECT a, c FROM (x LEFT JOIN y ON a = c); SELECT "x"."a" AS "a", "y"."c" AS "c" FROM ( "x" AS "x" LEFT JOIN "y" AS "y" ON "x"."a" = "y"."c" ); # title: wrapped join of tables with alias # execute: false SELECT a, c FROM (x LEFT JOIN y ON a = c) AS t; SELECT "x"."a" AS "a", "y"."c" AS "c" FROM "x" AS "x" LEFT JOIN "y" AS "y" ON "x"."a" = "y"."c"; # title: chained wrapped joins without aliases # execute: false SELECT * FROM ((a CROSS JOIN ((b CROSS JOIN c) CROSS JOIN (d CROSS JOIN e)))); SELECT * FROM ( ( "a" AS "a" CROSS JOIN ( ( "b" AS "b" CROSS JOIN "c" AS "c" ) CROSS JOIN ( "d" AS "d" CROSS JOIN "e" AS "e" ) ) ) ); # title: chained wrapped joins with aliases # execute: false SELECT * FROM ((a AS foo CROSS JOIN b AS bar) CROSS JOIN c AS baz); SELECT * FROM ( ( "a" AS "foo" CROSS JOIN "b" AS "bar" ) CROSS JOIN "c" AS "baz" ); # title: table joined with join construct SELECT x.a, y.b, z.c FROM x LEFT JOIN (y INNER JOIN z ON y.c = z.c) ON x.b = y.b; SELECT "x"."a" AS "a", "y"."b" AS "b", "z"."c" AS "c" FROM "x" AS "x" LEFT JOIN ( "y" AS "y" JOIN "z" AS "z" ON "y"."c" = "z"."c" ) ON "x"."b" = "y"."b"; # title: select * from table joined with join construct # execute: false SELECT * FROM x LEFT JOIN (y INNER JOIN z ON y.c = z.c) ON x.b = y.b; SELECT "y"."b" AS "b", "y"."c" AS "c", "z"."a" AS "a", "z"."c" AS "c", "x"."a" AS "a", "x"."b" AS "b" FROM "x" AS "x" LEFT JOIN ( "y" AS "y" JOIN "z" AS "z" ON "y"."c" = "z"."c" ) ON "x"."b" = "y"."b"; # title: select * from wrapped subquery # execute: false SELECT * FROM ((SELECT * FROM tbl)); WITH "_q_0" AS ( SELECT * FROM "tbl" AS "tbl" ) SELECT * FROM ( "_q_0" AS "_q_0" ); # title: select * from wrapped subquery joined to a table (known schema) SELECT * FROM ((SELECT * FROM x) INNER JOIN y ON a = c); SELECT "x"."a" AS "a", "x"."b" AS "b", "y"."b" AS "b", "y"."c" AS "c" FROM ( "x" AS "x" JOIN "y" AS "y" ON "x"."a" = "y"."c" ); # title: select * from wrapped subquery joined to a table (unknown schema) # execute: false SELECT * FROM ((SELECT c FROM t1) JOIN t2); WITH "_q_0" AS ( SELECT "t1"."c" AS "c" FROM "t1" AS "t1" ) SELECT * FROM ( "_q_0" AS "_q_0" CROSS JOIN "t2" AS "t2" ); # title: select specific columns from wrapped subquery joined to a table SELECT b FROM ((SELECT a FROM x) INNER JOIN y ON a = b); SELECT "y"."b" AS "b" FROM ( "x" AS "x" JOIN "y" AS "y" ON "x"."a" = "y"."b" ); # title: select * from wrapped join of subqueries (unknown schema) # execute: false SELECT * FROM ((SELECT * FROM t1) JOIN (SELECT * FROM t2)); WITH "_q_0" AS ( SELECT * FROM "t1" AS "t1" ), "_q_1" AS ( SELECT * FROM "t2" AS "t2" ) SELECT * FROM ( "_q_0" AS "_q_0" CROSS JOIN "_q_1" AS "_q_1" ); # title: select * from wrapped join of subqueries (known schema) SELECT * FROM ((SELECT * FROM x) INNER JOIN (SELECT * FROM y) ON a = c); SELECT "x"."a" AS "a", "x"."b" AS "b", "y"."b" AS "b", "y"."c" AS "c" FROM ( "x" AS "x" JOIN "y" AS "y" ON "x"."a" = "y"."c" ); # title: replace scalar subquery, wrap resulting column in a MAX SELECT a, SUM(c) / (SELECT SUM(c) FROM y) * 100 AS foo FROM y INNER JOIN x ON y.b = x.b GROUP BY a; WITH "_u_0" AS ( SELECT SUM("y"."c") AS "_col_0" FROM "y" AS "y" ) SELECT "x"."a" AS "a", SUM("y"."c") / MAX("_u_0"."_col_0") * 100 AS "foo" FROM "y" AS "y" CROSS JOIN "_u_0" AS "_u_0" JOIN "x" AS "x" ON "y"."b" = "x"."b" GROUP BY "x"."a"; # title: select * from a cte, which had one of its two columns aliased WITH cte(x, y) AS (SELECT 1, 2) SELECT * FROM cte AS cte(a); WITH "cte" AS ( SELECT 1 AS "x", 2 AS "y" ) SELECT "cte"."a" AS "a", "cte"."y" AS "y" FROM "cte" AS "cte"("a"); # title: select single column from a cte using its alias WITH cte(x) AS (SELECT 1) SELECT a FROM cte AS cte(a); WITH "cte" AS ( SELECT 1 AS "x" ) SELECT "cte"."a" AS "a" FROM "cte" AS "cte"("a"); # title: joined ctes with a "using" clause, one of which has had its column aliased WITH m(a) AS (SELECT 1), n(b) AS (SELECT 1) SELECT * FROM m JOIN n AS foo(a) USING (a); WITH "m" AS ( SELECT 1 AS "a" ), "n" AS ( SELECT 1 AS "b" ) SELECT COALESCE("m"."a", "foo"."a") AS "a" FROM "m" JOIN "n" AS "foo"("a") ON "m"."a" = "foo"."a"; # title: reduction of string concatenation that uses CONCAT(..), || and + # execute: false SELECT CONCAT('a', 'b') || CONCAT(CONCAT('c', 'd'), CONCAT('e', 'f')) + ('g' || 'h' || 'i'); SELECT 'abcdefghi' AS "_col_0"; # title: complex query with derived tables and redundant parentheses # execute: false # dialect: snowflake SELECT ("SUBQUERY_0"."KEY") AS "SUBQUERY_1_COL_0" FROM ( SELECT * FROM ((( SELECT * FROM ( SELECT event_name AS key, insert_ts FROM ( SELECT insert_ts, event_name FROM sales WHERE insert_ts > '2023-08-07 21:03:35.590 -0700' ) ) ))) AS "SF_CONNECTOR_QUERY_ALIAS" ) AS "SUBQUERY_0"; SELECT "SALES"."EVENT_NAME" AS "SUBQUERY_1_COL_0" FROM "SALES" AS "SALES" WHERE "SALES"."INSERT_TS" > '2023-08-07 21:03:35.590 -0700'; # title: using join without select * # execute: false with alias1 as (select * from table1), alias2 as (select * from table2), alias3 as ( select cid, min(od) as m_od, count(odi) as c_od, from alias2 group by 1 ) select alias1.cid, alias3.m_od, coalesce(alias3.c_od, 0) as c_od, from alias1 left join alias3 using (cid); WITH "alias3" AS ( SELECT "table2"."cid" AS "cid", MIN("table2"."od") AS "m_od", COUNT("table2"."odi") AS "c_od" FROM "table2" AS "table2" GROUP BY "table2"."cid" ) SELECT "table1"."cid" AS "cid", "alias3"."m_od" AS "m_od", COALESCE("alias3"."c_od", 0) AS "c_od" FROM "table1" AS "table1" LEFT JOIN "alias3" ON "table1"."cid" = "alias3"."cid";