-------------------------------------- -- Qualify columns -------------------------------------- SELECT a FROM x; SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x; SELECT a FROM x AS z; SELECT z.a AS a FROM x AS z; SELECT a AS a FROM x; SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x; SELECT x.a FROM x; SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x; SELECT x.a AS a FROM x; SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x; SELECT a AS b FROM x; SELECT x.a AS b FROM x AS x; SELECT 1, 2 FROM x; SELECT 1 AS "_col_0", 2 AS "_col_1" FROM x AS x; SELECT a + b FROM x; SELECT x.a + x.b AS "_col_0" FROM x AS x; SELECT a + b FROM x; SELECT x.a + x.b AS "_col_0" FROM x AS x; SELECT a, SUM(b) FROM x WHERE a > 1 AND b > 1 GROUP BY a; SELECT x.a AS a, SUM(x.b) AS "_col_1" FROM x AS x WHERE x.a > 1 AND x.b > 1 GROUP BY x.a; SELECT a AS j, b FROM x ORDER BY j; SELECT x.a AS j, x.b AS b FROM x AS x ORDER BY j; SELECT a AS j, b FROM x GROUP BY j; SELECT x.a AS j, x.b AS b FROM x AS x GROUP BY x.a; SELECT a, b FROM x GROUP BY 1, 2; SELECT x.a AS a, x.b AS b FROM x AS x GROUP BY x.a, x.b; SELECT a, b FROM x ORDER BY 1, 2; SELECT x.a AS a, x.b AS b FROM x AS x ORDER BY a, b; SELECT DATE(a), DATE(b) AS c FROM x GROUP BY 1, 2; SELECT DATE(x.a) AS "_col_0", DATE(x.b) AS c FROM x AS x GROUP BY DATE(x.a), DATE(x.b); SELECT x.a AS c FROM x JOIN y ON x.b = y.b GROUP BY c; SELECT x.a AS c FROM x AS x JOIN y AS y ON x.b = y.b GROUP BY y.c; SELECT DATE(x.a) AS d FROM x JOIN y ON x.b = y.b GROUP BY d; SELECT DATE(x.a) AS d FROM x AS x JOIN y AS y ON x.b = y.b GROUP BY DATE(x.a); SELECT a AS a, b FROM x ORDER BY a; SELECT x.a AS a, x.b AS b FROM x AS x ORDER BY a; SELECT a, b FROM x ORDER BY a; SELECT x.a AS a, x.b AS b FROM x AS x ORDER BY a; SELECT a FROM x ORDER BY b; SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x ORDER BY x.b; # dialect: bigquery SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY a ORDER BY b) AS row_num FROM x QUALIFY row_num = 1; SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY x.a ORDER BY x.b) AS row_num FROM x AS x QUALIFY row_num = 1; # dialect: bigquery SELECT x.b, x.a FROM x LEFT JOIN y ON x.b = y.b QUALIFY ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY x.b ORDER BY x.a DESC) = 1; SELECT x.b AS b, x.a AS a FROM x AS x LEFT JOIN y AS y ON x.b = y.b QUALIFY ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY x.b ORDER BY x.a DESC) = 1; -------------------------------------- -- Derived tables -------------------------------------- SELECT y.a AS a FROM (SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x) AS y; SELECT y.a AS a FROM (SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x) AS y; SELECT y.a AS a FROM (SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x) AS y(a); SELECT y.a AS a FROM (SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x) AS y; SELECT y.c AS c FROM (SELECT x.a AS a, x.b AS b FROM x AS x) AS y(c); SELECT y.c AS c FROM (SELECT x.a AS c, x.b AS b FROM x AS x) AS y; SELECT a FROM (SELECT a FROM x AS x) y; SELECT y.a AS a FROM (SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x) AS y; SELECT a FROM (SELECT a AS a FROM x); SELECT "_q_0".a AS a FROM (SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x) AS "_q_0"; SELECT a FROM (SELECT a FROM (SELECT a FROM x)); SELECT "_q_1".a AS a FROM (SELECT "_q_0".a AS a FROM (SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x) AS "_q_0") AS "_q_1"; SELECT x.a FROM x AS x JOIN (SELECT * FROM x); SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x JOIN (SELECT x.a AS a, x.b AS b FROM x AS x) AS "_q_0"; -------------------------------------- -- Joins -------------------------------------- SELECT a, c FROM x JOIN y ON x.b = y.b; SELECT x.a AS a, y.c AS c FROM x AS x JOIN y AS y ON x.b = y.b; SELECT a, c FROM x, y; SELECT x.a AS a, y.c AS c FROM x AS x, y AS y; -------------------------------------- -- Unions -------------------------------------- SELECT a FROM x UNION SELECT a FROM x; SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x UNION SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x; SELECT a FROM x UNION SELECT a FROM x UNION SELECT a FROM x; SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x UNION SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x UNION SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x; SELECT a FROM (SELECT a FROM x UNION SELECT a FROM x); SELECT "_q_0".a AS a FROM (SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x UNION SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x) AS "_q_0"; -------------------------------------- -- Subqueries -------------------------------------- SELECT a FROM x WHERE b IN (SELECT c FROM y); SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x WHERE x.b IN (SELECT y.c AS c FROM y AS y); SELECT (SELECT c FROM y) FROM x; SELECT (SELECT y.c AS c FROM y AS y) AS "_col_0" FROM x AS x; SELECT a FROM (SELECT a FROM x) WHERE a IN (SELECT b FROM (SELECT b FROM y)); SELECT "_q_1".a AS a FROM (SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x) AS "_q_1" WHERE "_q_1".a IN (SELECT "_q_0".b AS b FROM (SELECT y.b AS b FROM y AS y) AS "_q_0"); -------------------------------------- -- Correlated subqueries -------------------------------------- SELECT a FROM x WHERE b IN (SELECT c FROM y WHERE y.b = x.a); SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x WHERE x.b IN (SELECT y.c AS c FROM y AS y WHERE y.b = x.a); SELECT a FROM x WHERE b IN (SELECT c FROM y WHERE y.b = a); SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x WHERE x.b IN (SELECT y.c AS c FROM y AS y WHERE y.b = x.a); SELECT a FROM x WHERE b IN (SELECT b FROM y AS x); SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x WHERE x.b IN (SELECT x.b AS b FROM y AS x); SELECT a FROM x AS i WHERE b IN (SELECT b FROM y AS j WHERE j.b IN (SELECT c FROM y AS k WHERE k.b = j.b)); SELECT i.a AS a FROM x AS i WHERE i.b IN (SELECT j.b AS b FROM y AS j WHERE j.b IN (SELECT k.c AS c FROM y AS k WHERE k.b = j.b)); # dialect: bigquery SELECT aa FROM x, UNNEST(a) AS aa; SELECT aa AS aa FROM x AS x, UNNEST(x.a) AS aa; SELECT aa FROM x, UNNEST(a) AS t(aa); SELECT t.aa AS aa FROM x AS x, UNNEST(x.a) AS t(aa); -------------------------------------- -- Expand * -------------------------------------- SELECT * FROM x; SELECT x.a AS a, x.b AS b FROM x AS x; SELECT x.* FROM x; SELECT x.a AS a, x.b AS b FROM x AS x; SELECT * FROM x JOIN y ON x.b = y.b; SELECT x.a AS a, x.b AS b, y.b AS b, y.c AS c FROM x AS x JOIN y AS y ON x.b = y.b; SELECT x.* FROM x JOIN y ON x.b = y.b; SELECT x.a AS a, x.b AS b FROM x AS x JOIN y AS y ON x.b = y.b; SELECT x.*, y.* FROM x JOIN y ON x.b = y.b; SELECT x.a AS a, x.b AS b, y.b AS b, y.c AS c FROM x AS x JOIN y AS y ON x.b = y.b; SELECT a FROM (SELECT * FROM x); SELECT "_q_0".a AS a FROM (SELECT x.a AS a, x.b AS b FROM x AS x) AS "_q_0"; SELECT * FROM (SELECT a FROM x); SELECT "_q_0".a AS a FROM (SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x) AS "_q_0"; -------------------------------------- -- CTEs -------------------------------------- WITH z AS (SELECT x.a AS a FROM x) SELECT z.a AS a FROM z; WITH z AS (SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x) SELECT z.a AS a FROM z; WITH z(a) AS (SELECT a FROM x) SELECT * FROM z; WITH z AS (SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x) SELECT z.a AS a FROM z; WITH z AS (SELECT a FROM x) SELECT * FROM z as q; WITH z AS (SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x) SELECT q.a AS a FROM z AS q; WITH z AS (SELECT a FROM x) SELECT * FROM z; WITH z AS (SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x) SELECT z.a AS a FROM z; WITH z AS (SELECT a FROM x), q AS (SELECT * FROM z) SELECT * FROM q; WITH z AS (SELECT x.a AS a FROM x AS x), q AS (SELECT z.a AS a FROM z) SELECT q.a AS a FROM q; WITH z AS (SELECT * FROM x) SELECT * FROM z UNION SELECT * FROM z; WITH z AS (SELECT x.a AS a, x.b AS b FROM x AS x) SELECT z.a AS a, z.b AS b FROM z UNION SELECT z.a AS a, z.b AS b FROM z; WITH z AS (SELECT * FROM x), q AS (SELECT b FROM z) SELECT b FROM q; WITH z AS (SELECT x.a AS a, x.b AS b FROM x AS x), q AS (SELECT z.b AS b FROM z) SELECT q.b AS b FROM q; WITH z AS ((SELECT b FROM x UNION ALL SELECT b FROM y) ORDER BY b) SELECT * FROM z; WITH z AS ((SELECT x.b AS b FROM x AS x UNION ALL SELECT y.b AS b FROM y AS y) ORDER BY b) SELECT z.b AS b FROM z; -------------------------------------- -- Except and Replace -------------------------------------- SELECT * REPLACE(a AS d) FROM x; SELECT x.a AS d, x.b AS b FROM x AS x; SELECT * EXCEPT(b) REPLACE(a AS d) FROM x; SELECT x.a AS d FROM x AS x; SELECT x.* EXCEPT(a), y.* FROM x, y; SELECT x.b AS b, y.b AS b, y.c AS c FROM x AS x, y AS y; SELECT * EXCEPT(a) FROM x; SELECT x.b AS b FROM x AS x; -------------------------------------- -- Using -------------------------------------- SELECT x.b FROM x JOIN y USING (b); SELECT x.b AS b FROM x AS x JOIN y AS y ON x.b = y.b; SELECT x.b FROM x JOIN y USING (b) JOIN z USING (b); SELECT x.b AS b FROM x AS x JOIN y AS y ON x.b = y.b JOIN z AS z ON x.b = z.b; SELECT b FROM x AS x2 JOIN y AS y2 USING (b); SELECT COALESCE(x2.b, y2.b) AS b FROM x AS x2 JOIN y AS y2 ON x2.b = y2.b; SELECT b FROM x JOIN y USING (b) WHERE b = 1 and y.b = 2; SELECT COALESCE(x.b, y.b) AS b FROM x AS x JOIN y AS y ON x.b = y.b WHERE COALESCE(x.b, y.b) = 1 AND y.b = 2; SELECT b FROM x JOIN y USING (b) JOIN z USING (b); SELECT COALESCE(x.b, y.b, z.b) AS b FROM x AS x JOIN y AS y ON x.b = y.b JOIN z AS z ON x.b = z.b;