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<h1 class="modulename">
<a href="./../../sqlglot.html">sqlglot</a><wbr>.<a href="./../optimizer.html">optimizer</a><wbr>.qualify </h1>
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<div class="pdoc-code codehilite"><pre><span></span><span id="L-1"><a href="#L-1"><span class="linenos"> 1</span></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">__future__</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">annotations</span>
</span><span id="L-2"><a href="#L-2"><span class="linenos"> 2</span></a>
</span><span id="L-3"><a href="#L-3"><span class="linenos"> 3</span></a><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">typing</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">t</span>
</span><span id="L-4"><a href="#L-4"><span class="linenos"> 4</span></a>
</span><span id="L-5"><a href="#L-5"><span class="linenos"> 5</span></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlglot</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">exp</span>
</span><span id="L-6"><a href="#L-6"><span class="linenos"> 6</span></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlglot.dialects.dialect</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Dialect</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">DialectType</span>
</span><span id="L-7"><a href="#L-7"><span class="linenos"> 7</span></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlglot.optimizer.isolate_table_selects</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">isolate_table_selects</span>
</span><span id="L-8"><a href="#L-8"><span class="linenos"> 8</span></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlglot.optimizer.normalize_identifiers</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">normalize_identifiers</span>
</span><span id="L-9"><a href="#L-9"><span class="linenos"> 9</span></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlglot.optimizer.qualify_columns</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="L-10"><a href="#L-10"><span class="linenos">10</span></a> <span class="n">pushdown_cte_alias_columns</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">pushdown_cte_alias_columns_func</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-11"><a href="#L-11"><span class="linenos">11</span></a> <span class="n">qualify_columns</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">qualify_columns_func</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-12"><a href="#L-12"><span class="linenos">12</span></a> <span class="n">quote_identifiers</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">quote_identifiers_func</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-13"><a href="#L-13"><span class="linenos">13</span></a> <span class="n">validate_qualify_columns</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">validate_qualify_columns_func</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-14"><a href="#L-14"><span class="linenos">14</span></a><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="L-15"><a href="#L-15"><span class="linenos">15</span></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlglot.optimizer.qualify_tables</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">qualify_tables</span>
</span><span id="L-16"><a href="#L-16"><span class="linenos">16</span></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlglot.schema</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Schema</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ensure_schema</span>
</span><span id="L-17"><a href="#L-17"><span class="linenos">17</span></a>
</span><span id="L-18"><a href="#L-18"><span class="linenos">18</span></a>
</span><span id="L-19"><a href="#L-19"><span class="linenos">19</span></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">qualify</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="L-20"><a href="#L-20"><span class="linenos">20</span></a> <span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Expression</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-21"><a href="#L-21"><span class="linenos">21</span></a> <span class="n">dialect</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">DialectType</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-22"><a href="#L-22"><span class="linenos">22</span></a> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-23"><a href="#L-23"><span class="linenos">23</span></a> <span class="n">catalog</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-24"><a href="#L-24"><span class="linenos">24</span></a> <span class="n">schema</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">dict</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Schema</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-25"><a href="#L-25"><span class="linenos">25</span></a> <span class="n">expand_alias_refs</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-26"><a href="#L-26"><span class="linenos">26</span></a> <span class="n">expand_stars</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-27"><a href="#L-27"><span class="linenos">27</span></a> <span class="n">infer_schema</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-28"><a href="#L-28"><span class="linenos">28</span></a> <span class="n">isolate_tables</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-29"><a href="#L-29"><span class="linenos">29</span></a> <span class="n">qualify_columns</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-30"><a href="#L-30"><span class="linenos">30</span></a> <span class="n">validate_qualify_columns</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-31"><a href="#L-31"><span class="linenos">31</span></a> <span class="n">quote_identifiers</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-32"><a href="#L-32"><span class="linenos">32</span></a> <span class="n">identify</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-33"><a href="#L-33"><span class="linenos">33</span></a><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Expression</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span><span id="L-34"><a href="#L-34"><span class="linenos">34</span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""</span>
</span><span id="L-35"><a href="#L-35"><span class="linenos">35</span></a><span class="sd"> Rewrite sqlglot AST to have normalized and qualified tables and columns.</span>
</span><span id="L-36"><a href="#L-36"><span class="linenos">36</span></a>
</span><span id="L-37"><a href="#L-37"><span class="linenos">37</span></a><span class="sd"> This step is necessary for all further SQLGlot optimizations.</span>
</span><span id="L-38"><a href="#L-38"><span class="linenos">38</span></a>
</span><span id="L-39"><a href="#L-39"><span class="linenos">39</span></a><span class="sd"> Example:</span>
</span><span id="L-40"><a href="#L-40"><span class="linenos">40</span></a><span class="sd"> >>> import sqlglot</span>
</span><span id="L-41"><a href="#L-41"><span class="linenos">41</span></a><span class="sd"> >>> schema = {"tbl": {"col": "INT"}}</span>
</span><span id="L-42"><a href="#L-42"><span class="linenos">42</span></a><span class="sd"> >>> expression = sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT col FROM tbl")</span>
</span><span id="L-43"><a href="#L-43"><span class="linenos">43</span></a><span class="sd"> >>> qualify(expression, schema=schema).sql()</span>
</span><span id="L-44"><a href="#L-44"><span class="linenos">44</span></a><span class="sd"> 'SELECT "tbl"."col" AS "col" FROM "tbl" AS "tbl"'</span>
</span><span id="L-45"><a href="#L-45"><span class="linenos">45</span></a>
</span><span id="L-46"><a href="#L-46"><span class="linenos">46</span></a><span class="sd"> Args:</span>
</span><span id="L-47"><a href="#L-47"><span class="linenos">47</span></a><span class="sd"> expression: Expression to qualify.</span>
</span><span id="L-48"><a href="#L-48"><span class="linenos">48</span></a><span class="sd"> db: Default database name for tables.</span>
</span><span id="L-49"><a href="#L-49"><span class="linenos">49</span></a><span class="sd"> catalog: Default catalog name for tables.</span>
</span><span id="L-50"><a href="#L-50"><span class="linenos">50</span></a><span class="sd"> schema: Schema to infer column names and types.</span>
</span><span id="L-51"><a href="#L-51"><span class="linenos">51</span></a><span class="sd"> expand_alias_refs: Whether to expand references to aliases.</span>
</span><span id="L-52"><a href="#L-52"><span class="linenos">52</span></a><span class="sd"> expand_stars: Whether to expand star queries. This is a necessary step</span>
</span><span id="L-53"><a href="#L-53"><span class="linenos">53</span></a><span class="sd"> for most of the optimizer's rules to work; do not set to False unless you</span>
</span><span id="L-54"><a href="#L-54"><span class="linenos">54</span></a><span class="sd"> know what you're doing!</span>
</span><span id="L-55"><a href="#L-55"><span class="linenos">55</span></a><span class="sd"> infer_schema: Whether to infer the schema if missing.</span>
</span><span id="L-56"><a href="#L-56"><span class="linenos">56</span></a><span class="sd"> isolate_tables: Whether to isolate table selects.</span>
</span><span id="L-57"><a href="#L-57"><span class="linenos">57</span></a><span class="sd"> qualify_columns: Whether to qualify columns.</span>
</span><span id="L-58"><a href="#L-58"><span class="linenos">58</span></a><span class="sd"> validate_qualify_columns: Whether to validate columns.</span>
</span><span id="L-59"><a href="#L-59"><span class="linenos">59</span></a><span class="sd"> quote_identifiers: Whether to run the quote_identifiers step.</span>
</span><span id="L-60"><a href="#L-60"><span class="linenos">60</span></a><span class="sd"> This step is necessary to ensure correctness for case sensitive queries.</span>
</span><span id="L-61"><a href="#L-61"><span class="linenos">61</span></a><span class="sd"> But this flag is provided in case this step is performed at a later time.</span>
</span><span id="L-62"><a href="#L-62"><span class="linenos">62</span></a><span class="sd"> identify: If True, quote all identifiers, else only necessary ones.</span>
</span><span id="L-63"><a href="#L-63"><span class="linenos">63</span></a>
</span><span id="L-64"><a href="#L-64"><span class="linenos">64</span></a><span class="sd"> Returns:</span>
</span><span id="L-65"><a href="#L-65"><span class="linenos">65</span></a><span class="sd"> The qualified expression.</span>
</span><span id="L-66"><a href="#L-66"><span class="linenos">66</span></a><span class="sd"> """</span>
</span><span id="L-67"><a href="#L-67"><span class="linenos">67</span></a> <span class="n">schema</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ensure_schema</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">schema</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dialect</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dialect</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="L-68"><a href="#L-68"><span class="linenos">68</span></a> <span class="n">expression</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">normalize_identifiers</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dialect</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dialect</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="L-69"><a href="#L-69"><span class="linenos">69</span></a> <span class="n">expression</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">qualify_tables</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">catalog</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">catalog</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">schema</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">schema</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="L-70"><a href="#L-70"><span class="linenos">70</span></a>
</span><span id="L-71"><a href="#L-71"><span class="linenos">71</span></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">isolate_tables</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span><span id="L-72"><a href="#L-72"><span class="linenos">72</span></a> <span class="n">expression</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">isolate_table_selects</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">schema</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">schema</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="L-73"><a href="#L-73"><span class="linenos">73</span></a>
</span><span id="L-74"><a href="#L-74"><span class="linenos">74</span></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">Dialect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_or_raise</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dialect</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span><span id="L-75"><a href="#L-75"><span class="linenos">75</span></a> <span class="n">expression</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pushdown_cte_alias_columns_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="L-76"><a href="#L-76"><span class="linenos">76</span></a>
</span><span id="L-77"><a href="#L-77"><span class="linenos">77</span></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">qualify_columns</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span><span id="L-78"><a href="#L-78"><span class="linenos">78</span></a> <span class="n">expression</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">qualify_columns_func</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="L-79"><a href="#L-79"><span class="linenos">79</span></a> <span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-80"><a href="#L-80"><span class="linenos">80</span></a> <span class="n">schema</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-81"><a href="#L-81"><span class="linenos">81</span></a> <span class="n">expand_alias_refs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">expand_alias_refs</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-82"><a href="#L-82"><span class="linenos">82</span></a> <span class="n">expand_stars</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">expand_stars</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-83"><a href="#L-83"><span class="linenos">83</span></a> <span class="n">infer_schema</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">infer_schema</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="L-84"><a href="#L-84"><span class="linenos">84</span></a> <span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="L-85"><a href="#L-85"><span class="linenos">85</span></a>
</span><span id="L-86"><a href="#L-86"><span class="linenos">86</span></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">quote_identifiers</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span><span id="L-87"><a href="#L-87"><span class="linenos">87</span></a> <span class="n">expression</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">quote_identifiers_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dialect</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dialect</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">identify</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">identify</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="L-88"><a href="#L-88"><span class="linenos">88</span></a>
</span><span id="L-89"><a href="#L-89"><span class="linenos">89</span></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">validate_qualify_columns</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span><span id="L-90"><a href="#L-90"><span class="linenos">90</span></a> <span class="n">validate_qualify_columns_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="L-91"><a href="#L-91"><span class="linenos">91</span></a>
</span><span id="L-92"><a href="#L-92"><span class="linenos">92</span></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">expression</span>
</span></pre></div>
</section>
<section id="qualify">
<input id="qualify-view-source" class="view-source-toggle-state" type="checkbox" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">
<div class="attr function">
<span class="def">def</span>
<span class="name">qualify</span><span class="signature pdoc-code multiline">(<span class="param"> <span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a href="../expressions.html#Expression">sqlglot.expressions.Expression</a></span>,</span><span class="param"> <span class="n">dialect</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Union</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n"><a href="../dialects/dialect.html#Dialect">sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect</a></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n"><a href="../dialects/dialect.html#Dialect">sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect</a></span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">NoneType</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>,</span><span class="param"> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>,</span><span class="param"> <span class="n">catalog</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>,</span><span class="param"> <span class="n">schema</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Union</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n"><a href="../schema.html#Schema">sqlglot.schema.Schema</a></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NoneType</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>,</span><span class="param"> <span class="n">expand_alias_refs</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>,</span><span class="param"> <span class="n">expand_stars</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>,</span><span class="param"> <span class="n">infer_schema</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>,</span><span class="param"> <span class="n">isolate_tables</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>,</span><span class="param"> <span class="n">qualify_columns</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>,</span><span class="param"> <span class="n">validate_qualify_columns</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>,</span><span class="param"> <span class="n">quote_identifiers</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>,</span><span class="param"> <span class="n">identify</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span></span><span class="return-annotation">) -> <span class="n"><a href="../expressions.html#Expression">sqlglot.expressions.Expression</a></span>:</span></span>
<label class="view-source-button" for="qualify-view-source"><span>View Source</span></label>
</div>
<a class="headerlink" href="#qualify"></a>
<div class="pdoc-code codehilite"><pre><span></span><span id="qualify-20"><a href="#qualify-20"><span class="linenos">20</span></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">qualify</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="qualify-21"><a href="#qualify-21"><span class="linenos">21</span></a> <span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Expression</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="qualify-22"><a href="#qualify-22"><span class="linenos">22</span></a> <span class="n">dialect</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">DialectType</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="qualify-23"><a href="#qualify-23"><span class="linenos">23</span></a> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="qualify-24"><a href="#qualify-24"><span class="linenos">24</span></a> <span class="n">catalog</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="qualify-25"><a href="#qualify-25"><span class="linenos">25</span></a> <span class="n">schema</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">dict</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Schema</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="qualify-26"><a href="#qualify-26"><span class="linenos">26</span></a> <span class="n">expand_alias_refs</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="qualify-27"><a href="#qualify-27"><span class="linenos">27</span></a> <span class="n">expand_stars</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="qualify-28"><a href="#qualify-28"><span class="linenos">28</span></a> <span class="n">infer_schema</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="qualify-29"><a href="#qualify-29"><span class="linenos">29</span></a> <span class="n">isolate_tables</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="qualify-30"><a href="#qualify-30"><span class="linenos">30</span></a> <span class="n">qualify_columns</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="qualify-31"><a href="#qualify-31"><span class="linenos">31</span></a> <span class="n">validate_qualify_columns</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="qualify-32"><a href="#qualify-32"><span class="linenos">32</span></a> <span class="n">quote_identifiers</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="qualify-33"><a href="#qualify-33"><span class="linenos">33</span></a> <span class="n">identify</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="qualify-34"><a href="#qualify-34"><span class="linenos">34</span></a><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="n">exp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Expression</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span><span id="qualify-35"><a href="#qualify-35"><span class="linenos">35</span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""</span>
</span><span id="qualify-36"><a href="#qualify-36"><span class="linenos">36</span></a><span class="sd"> Rewrite sqlglot AST to have normalized and qualified tables and columns.</span>
</span><span id="qualify-37"><a href="#qualify-37"><span class="linenos">37</span></a>
</span><span id="qualify-38"><a href="#qualify-38"><span class="linenos">38</span></a><span class="sd"> This step is necessary for all further SQLGlot optimizations.</span>
</span><span id="qualify-39"><a href="#qualify-39"><span class="linenos">39</span></a>
</span><span id="qualify-40"><a href="#qualify-40"><span class="linenos">40</span></a><span class="sd"> Example:</span>
</span><span id="qualify-41"><a href="#qualify-41"><span class="linenos">41</span></a><span class="sd"> >>> import sqlglot</span>
</span><span id="qualify-42"><a href="#qualify-42"><span class="linenos">42</span></a><span class="sd"> >>> schema = {"tbl": {"col": "INT"}}</span>
</span><span id="qualify-43"><a href="#qualify-43"><span class="linenos">43</span></a><span class="sd"> >>> expression = sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT col FROM tbl")</span>
</span><span id="qualify-44"><a href="#qualify-44"><span class="linenos">44</span></a><span class="sd"> >>> qualify(expression, schema=schema).sql()</span>
</span><span id="qualify-45"><a href="#qualify-45"><span class="linenos">45</span></a><span class="sd"> 'SELECT "tbl"."col" AS "col" FROM "tbl" AS "tbl"'</span>
</span><span id="qualify-46"><a href="#qualify-46"><span class="linenos">46</span></a>
</span><span id="qualify-47"><a href="#qualify-47"><span class="linenos">47</span></a><span class="sd"> Args:</span>
</span><span id="qualify-48"><a href="#qualify-48"><span class="linenos">48</span></a><span class="sd"> expression: Expression to qualify.</span>
</span><span id="qualify-49"><a href="#qualify-49"><span class="linenos">49</span></a><span class="sd"> db: Default database name for tables.</span>
</span><span id="qualify-50"><a href="#qualify-50"><span class="linenos">50</span></a><span class="sd"> catalog: Default catalog name for tables.</span>
</span><span id="qualify-51"><a href="#qualify-51"><span class="linenos">51</span></a><span class="sd"> schema: Schema to infer column names and types.</span>
</span><span id="qualify-52"><a href="#qualify-52"><span class="linenos">52</span></a><span class="sd"> expand_alias_refs: Whether to expand references to aliases.</span>
</span><span id="qualify-53"><a href="#qualify-53"><span class="linenos">53</span></a><span class="sd"> expand_stars: Whether to expand star queries. This is a necessary step</span>
</span><span id="qualify-54"><a href="#qualify-54"><span class="linenos">54</span></a><span class="sd"> for most of the optimizer's rules to work; do not set to False unless you</span>
</span><span id="qualify-55"><a href="#qualify-55"><span class="linenos">55</span></a><span class="sd"> know what you're doing!</span>
</span><span id="qualify-56"><a href="#qualify-56"><span class="linenos">56</span></a><span class="sd"> infer_schema: Whether to infer the schema if missing.</span>
</span><span id="qualify-57"><a href="#qualify-57"><span class="linenos">57</span></a><span class="sd"> isolate_tables: Whether to isolate table selects.</span>
</span><span id="qualify-58"><a href="#qualify-58"><span class="linenos">58</span></a><span class="sd"> qualify_columns: Whether to qualify columns.</span>
</span><span id="qualify-59"><a href="#qualify-59"><span class="linenos">59</span></a><span class="sd"> validate_qualify_columns: Whether to validate columns.</span>
</span><span id="qualify-60"><a href="#qualify-60"><span class="linenos">60</span></a><span class="sd"> quote_identifiers: Whether to run the quote_identifiers step.</span>
</span><span id="qualify-61"><a href="#qualify-61"><span class="linenos">61</span></a><span class="sd"> This step is necessary to ensure correctness for case sensitive queries.</span>
</span><span id="qualify-62"><a href="#qualify-62"><span class="linenos">62</span></a><span class="sd"> But this flag is provided in case this step is performed at a later time.</span>
</span><span id="qualify-63"><a href="#qualify-63"><span class="linenos">63</span></a><span class="sd"> identify: If True, quote all identifiers, else only necessary ones.</span>
</span><span id="qualify-64"><a href="#qualify-64"><span class="linenos">64</span></a>
</span><span id="qualify-65"><a href="#qualify-65"><span class="linenos">65</span></a><span class="sd"> Returns:</span>
</span><span id="qualify-66"><a href="#qualify-66"><span class="linenos">66</span></a><span class="sd"> The qualified expression.</span>
</span><span id="qualify-67"><a href="#qualify-67"><span class="linenos">67</span></a><span class="sd"> """</span>
</span><span id="qualify-68"><a href="#qualify-68"><span class="linenos">68</span></a> <span class="n">schema</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ensure_schema</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">schema</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dialect</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dialect</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="qualify-69"><a href="#qualify-69"><span class="linenos">69</span></a> <span class="n">expression</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">normalize_identifiers</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dialect</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dialect</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="qualify-70"><a href="#qualify-70"><span class="linenos">70</span></a> <span class="n">expression</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">qualify_tables</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">catalog</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">catalog</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">schema</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">schema</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="qualify-71"><a href="#qualify-71"><span class="linenos">71</span></a>
</span><span id="qualify-72"><a href="#qualify-72"><span class="linenos">72</span></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">isolate_tables</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span><span id="qualify-73"><a href="#qualify-73"><span class="linenos">73</span></a> <span class="n">expression</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">isolate_table_selects</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">schema</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">schema</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="qualify-74"><a href="#qualify-74"><span class="linenos">74</span></a>
</span><span id="qualify-75"><a href="#qualify-75"><span class="linenos">75</span></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">Dialect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_or_raise</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dialect</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span><span id="qualify-76"><a href="#qualify-76"><span class="linenos">76</span></a> <span class="n">expression</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pushdown_cte_alias_columns_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="qualify-77"><a href="#qualify-77"><span class="linenos">77</span></a>
</span><span id="qualify-78"><a href="#qualify-78"><span class="linenos">78</span></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">qualify_columns</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span><span id="qualify-79"><a href="#qualify-79"><span class="linenos">79</span></a> <span class="n">expression</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">qualify_columns_func</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="qualify-80"><a href="#qualify-80"><span class="linenos">80</span></a> <span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="qualify-81"><a href="#qualify-81"><span class="linenos">81</span></a> <span class="n">schema</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="qualify-82"><a href="#qualify-82"><span class="linenos">82</span></a> <span class="n">expand_alias_refs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">expand_alias_refs</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="qualify-83"><a href="#qualify-83"><span class="linenos">83</span></a> <span class="n">expand_stars</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">expand_stars</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="qualify-84"><a href="#qualify-84"><span class="linenos">84</span></a> <span class="n">infer_schema</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">infer_schema</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="qualify-85"><a href="#qualify-85"><span class="linenos">85</span></a> <span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="qualify-86"><a href="#qualify-86"><span class="linenos">86</span></a>
</span><span id="qualify-87"><a href="#qualify-87"><span class="linenos">87</span></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">quote_identifiers</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span><span id="qualify-88"><a href="#qualify-88"><span class="linenos">88</span></a> <span class="n">expression</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">quote_identifiers_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dialect</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dialect</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">identify</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">identify</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="qualify-89"><a href="#qualify-89"><span class="linenos">89</span></a>
</span><span id="qualify-90"><a href="#qualify-90"><span class="linenos">90</span></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">validate_qualify_columns</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span><span id="qualify-91"><a href="#qualify-91"><span class="linenos">91</span></a> <span class="n">validate_qualify_columns_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="qualify-92"><a href="#qualify-92"><span class="linenos">92</span></a>
</span><span id="qualify-93"><a href="#qualify-93"><span class="linenos">93</span></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">expression</span>
</span></pre></div>
<div class="docstring"><p>Rewrite sqlglot AST to have normalized and qualified tables and columns.</p>
<p>This step is necessary for all further SQLGlot optimizations.</p>
<h6 id="example">Example:</h6>
<blockquote>
<div class="pdoc-code codehilite">
<pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sqlglot</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">schema</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"tbl"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"col"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"INT"</span><span class="p">}}</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">expression</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n"><a href="../../sqlglot.html#parse_one">sqlglot.parse_one</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"SELECT col FROM tbl"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">qualify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">schema</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">schema</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="go">'SELECT "tbl"."col" AS "col" FROM "tbl" AS "tbl"'</span>
</code></pre>
</div>
</blockquote>
<h6 id="arguments">Arguments:</h6>
<ul>
<li><strong>expression:</strong> Expression to qualify.</li>
<li><strong>db:</strong> Default database name for tables.</li>
<li><strong>catalog:</strong> Default catalog name for tables.</li>
<li><strong>schema:</strong> Schema to infer column names and types.</li>
<li><strong>expand_alias_refs:</strong> Whether to expand references to aliases.</li>
<li><strong>expand_stars:</strong> Whether to expand star queries. This is a necessary step
for most of the optimizer's rules to work; do not set to False unless you
know what you're doing!</li>
<li><strong>infer_schema:</strong> Whether to infer the schema if missing.</li>
<li><strong>isolate_tables:</strong> Whether to isolate table selects.</li>
<li><strong>qualify_columns:</strong> Whether to qualify columns.</li>
<li><strong>validate_qualify_columns:</strong> Whether to validate columns.</li>
<li><strong>quote_identifiers:</strong> Whether to run the quote_identifiers step.
This step is necessary to ensure correctness for case sensitive queries.
But this flag is provided in case this step is performed at a later time.</li>
<li><strong>identify:</strong> If True, quote all identifiers, else only necessary ones.</li>
</ul>
<h6 id="returns">Returns:</h6>
<blockquote>
<p>The qualified expression.</p>
</blockquote>
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