path: root/create.cc

/*  Tarlz - Archiver with multimember lzip compression
    Copyright (C) 2013-2019 Antonio Diaz Diaz.

    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/

#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64

#include <algorithm>
#include <cerrno>
#include <climits>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#if defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__)
#include <sys/sysmacros.h>		// for major, minor
#endif
#include <ftw.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <lzlib.h>

#include "arg_parser.h"
#include "tarlz.h"


const CRC32 crc32c( true );

int cl_owner = -1;			// global vars needed by add_member
int cl_group = -1;
int cl_data_size = 0;
Solidity solidity = bsolid;

namespace {

LZ_Encoder * encoder = 0;		// local vars needed by add_member
const char * archive_namep = 0;
unsigned long long partial_data_size = 0;	// size of current block
Resizable_buffer grbuf;				// extended header + data
int goutfd = -1;
int error_status = 0;

class File_is_the_archive
  {
  dev_t archive_dev;
  ino_t archive_ino;
  bool initialized;

public:
  File_is_the_archive() : initialized( false ) {}
  bool init( const int fd )
    {
    struct stat st;
    if( fstat( fd, &st ) != 0 ) return false;
    if( S_ISREG( st.st_mode ) )
      { archive_dev = st.st_dev; archive_ino = st.st_ino; initialized = true; }
    return true;
    }
  bool operator()( const struct stat & st ) const
    {
    return initialized && archive_dev == st.st_dev && archive_ino == st.st_ino;
    }
  } file_is_the_archive;


bool option_C_after_relative_filename( const Arg_parser & parser )
  {
  for( int i = 0; i < parser.arguments(); ++i )
    if( !parser.code( i ) && parser.argument( i ).size() &&
        parser.argument( i )[0] != '/' )	// relative_filename
      while( ++i < parser.arguments() )
        if( parser.code( i ) == 'C' ) return true;
  return false;
  }


// infd and outfd can refer to the same file if copying to a lower file
// position or if source and destination blocks don't overlap.
// max_size < 0 means no size limit.
bool copy_file( const int infd, const int outfd, const long long max_size = -1 )
  {
  const int buffer_size = 65536;
  // remaining number of bytes to copy
  long long rest = ( ( max_size >= 0 ) ? max_size : buffer_size );
  long long copied_size = 0;
  uint8_t * const buffer = new uint8_t[buffer_size];
  bool error = false;

  while( rest > 0 )
    {
    const int size = std::min( (long long)buffer_size, rest );
    if( max_size >= 0 ) rest -= size;
    const int rd = readblock( infd, buffer, size );
    if( rd != size && errno )
      { show_error( "Error reading input file", errno ); error = true; break; }
    if( rd > 0 )
      {
      if( !writeblock_wrapper( outfd, buffer, rd ) ) { error = true; break; }
      copied_size += rd;
      }
    if( rd < size ) break;				// EOF
    }
  delete[] buffer;
  return ( !error && ( max_size < 0 || copied_size == max_size ) );
  }


/* Check archive type. Return position of EOF blocks or -1 if failure.
   If remove_eof, leave fd file pos at beginning of the EOF blocks.
   Else, leave fd file pos at 0. */
long long check_appendable( const int fd, const bool remove_eof )
  {
  struct stat st;				// fd must be regular
  if( fstat( fd, &st ) != 0 || !S_ISREG( st.st_mode ) ) return -1;
  if( lseek( fd, 0, SEEK_SET ) != 0 ) return -1;
  enum { bufsize = header_size + ( header_size / 8 ) };
  uint8_t buf[bufsize];
  const int rd = readblock( fd, buf, bufsize );
  if( rd == 0 && errno == 0 ) return 0;		// append to empty archive
  if( rd < min_member_size || ( rd != bufsize && errno ) ) return -1;
  const Lzip_header * const p = (const Lzip_header *)buf;	// shut up gcc
  if( !p->verify_magic() || !p->verify_version() ) return -1;
  LZ_Decoder * decoder = LZ_decompress_open();	// decompress first header
  if( !decoder || LZ_decompress_errno( decoder ) != LZ_ok ||
      LZ_decompress_write( decoder, buf, rd ) != rd ||
      LZ_decompress_read( decoder, buf, header_size ) != header_size )
    { LZ_decompress_close( decoder ); return -1; }
  LZ_decompress_close( decoder );
  const bool maybe_eof = block_is_zero( buf, header_size );
  if( !verify_ustar_chksum( buf ) && !maybe_eof ) return -1;
  const long long end = lseek( fd, 0, SEEK_END );
  if( end < min_member_size ) return -1;

  Lzip_trailer trailer;
  if( seek_read( fd, trailer.data, Lzip_trailer::size,
                 end - Lzip_trailer::size ) != Lzip_trailer::size ) return -1;
  const long long member_size = trailer.member_size();
  if( member_size < min_member_size || member_size > end ||
      ( maybe_eof && member_size != end ) ) return -1;

  Lzip_header header;
  if( seek_read( fd, header.data, Lzip_header::size,
                 end - member_size ) != Lzip_header::size ) return -1;
  if( !header.verify_magic() || !header.verify_version() ||
      !isvalid_ds( header.dictionary_size() ) ) return -1;

  const unsigned long long data_size = trailer.data_size();
  if( data_size < header_size || data_size > 32256 ) return -1;
  const unsigned data_crc = trailer.data_crc();
  const CRC32 crc32;
  uint32_t crc = 0xFFFFFFFFU;
  for( unsigned i = 0; i < data_size; ++i ) crc32.update_byte( crc, 0 );
  crc ^= 0xFFFFFFFFU;
  if( crc != data_crc ) return -1;

  const long long pos = remove_eof ? end - member_size : 0;
  if( lseek( fd, pos, SEEK_SET ) != pos ) return -1;
  return end - member_size;
  }


/* Skip all tar headers. Return position of EOF blocks or -1 if failure.
   If remove_eof, leave fd file pos at beginning of the EOF blocks.
   Else, leave fd file pos at 0. */
long long check_uncompressed_appendable( const int fd, const bool remove_eof )
  {
  struct stat st;			// fd must be regular
  if( fstat( fd, &st ) != 0 || !S_ISREG( st.st_mode ) ) return -1;
  if( lseek( fd, 0, SEEK_SET ) != 0 ) return -1;
  if( st.st_size == 0 ) return 0;	// append to empty archive
  long long eof_pos = 0;
  Extended extended;			// metadata from extended records
  Resizable_buffer rbuf;		// extended records buffer
  bool prev_extended = false;		// prev header was extended
  while( true )				// process one tar member per iteration
    {
    Tar_header header;
    const int rd = readblock( fd, header, header_size );
    if( rd == 0 && errno == 0 ) break;		// missing EOF blocks
    if( rd != header_size ) return -1;
    if( !verify_ustar_chksum( header ) )	// maybe EOF
      { if( block_is_zero( header, header_size ) ) break; else return -1; }
    const Typeflag typeflag = (Typeflag)header[typeflag_o];
    if( typeflag == tf_extended || typeflag == tf_global )
      {
      if( prev_extended ) return -1;
      const unsigned long long edsize = parse_octal( header + size_o, size_l );
      const unsigned long long bufsize = round_up( edsize );
      if( edsize == 0 || edsize >= 1ULL << 33 || bufsize >= INT_MAX )
        return -1;			// overflow or no extended data
      if( !rbuf.resize( bufsize ) ) return -1;
      if( readblock( fd, (uint8_t *)rbuf(), bufsize ) != (int)bufsize )
        return -1;
      if( typeflag == tf_extended )
        { if( !extended.parse( rbuf(), edsize, false ) ) return -1;
          prev_extended = true; }
      continue;
      }
    prev_extended = false;

    eof_pos = lseek( fd, round_up( extended.get_file_size_and_reset( header ) ),
                     SEEK_CUR );
    if( eof_pos <= 0 ) return -1;
    }

  if( prev_extended ) return -1;
  const long long pos = remove_eof ? eof_pos : 0;
  if( lseek( fd, pos, SEEK_SET ) != pos ) return -1;
  return eof_pos;
  }


bool archive_write( const uint8_t * const buf, const int size )
  {
  static bool flushed = true;		// avoid flushing empty lzip members

  if( size <= 0 && flushed ) return true;
  flushed = ( size <= 0 );
  if( !encoder )					// uncompressed
    return writeblock_wrapper( goutfd, buf, size );
  enum { obuf_size = 65536 };
  uint8_t obuf[obuf_size];
  int sz = 0;
  if( size <= 0 ) LZ_compress_finish( encoder );	// flush encoder
  while( sz < size || size <= 0 )
    {
    const int wr = LZ_compress_write( encoder, buf + sz, size - sz );
    if( wr < 0 ) internal_error( "library error (LZ_compress_write)." );
    sz += wr;
    if( sz >= size && size > 0 ) break;		// minimize dictionary size
    const int rd = LZ_compress_read( encoder, obuf, obuf_size );
    if( rd < 0 ) internal_error( "library error (LZ_compress_read)." );
    if( rd == 0 && sz >= size ) break;
    if( !writeblock_wrapper( goutfd, obuf, rd ) ) return false;
    }
  if( LZ_compress_finished( encoder ) == 1 &&
      LZ_compress_restart_member( encoder, LLONG_MAX ) < 0 )
    internal_error( "library error (LZ_compress_restart_member)." );
  return true;
  }


bool write_extended( const Extended & extended )
  {
  const long long ebsize = extended.format_block( grbuf );
  if( ebsize < 0 ) return false;
  for( long long pos = 0; pos < ebsize; )    // write extended block to archive
    {
    int size = std::min( ebsize - pos, 1LL << 20 );
    if( !archive_write( (const uint8_t *)grbuf() + pos, size ) ) return false;
    pos += size;
    }
  return true;
  }


// Return true if it stores filename in the ustar header.
bool store_name( const char * const filename, Extended & extended,
                 Tar_header header, const bool force_extended_name )
  {
  const char * const stored_name = remove_leading_dotslash( filename, true );

  if( !force_extended_name )	// try storing filename in the ustar header
    {
    const int len = std::strlen( stored_name );
    enum { max_len = prefix_l + 1 + name_l };	// prefix + '/' + name
    if( len <= name_l )				// stored_name fits in name
      { std::memcpy( header + name_o, stored_name, len ); return true; }
    if( len <= max_len )			// find shortest prefix
      for( int i = len - name_l - 1; i < len && i <= prefix_l; ++i )
        if( stored_name[i] == '/' )		// stored_name can be split
          {
          std::memcpy( header + name_o, stored_name + i + 1, len - i - 1 );
          std::memcpy( header + prefix_o, stored_name, i );
          return true;
          }
    }
  // store filename in extended record, leave name zeroed in ustar header
  extended.path( stored_name );
  return false;
  }


// add one tar member to the archive
int add_member( const char * const filename, const struct stat *,
                const int flag, struct FTW * )
  {
  if( Exclude::excluded( filename ) ) return 0;		// skip excluded
  unsigned long long file_size = 0;
  Extended extended;		// metadata for extended records
  Tar_header header;
  if( !fill_headers( filename, extended, header, file_size, flag ) ) return 0;
  const int infd = file_size ? open_instream( filename ) : -1;
  if( file_size && infd < 0 ) { set_error_status( 1 ); return 0; }

  if( encoder && solidity == bsolid &&
      block_is_full( extended, file_size, partial_data_size ) &&
      !archive_write( 0, 0 ) ) return 1;

  if( !write_extended( extended ) || !archive_write( header, header_size ) )
    return 1;
  if( file_size )
    {
    enum { bufsize = 32 * header_size };
    uint8_t buf[bufsize];
    unsigned long long rest = file_size;
    while( rest > 0 )
      {
      int size = std::min( rest, (unsigned long long)bufsize );
      const int rd = readblock( infd, buf, size );
      rest -= rd;
      if( rd != size )
        {
        if( verbosity >= 0 )
          std::fprintf( stderr, "File '%s' ends unexpectedly at pos %llu\n",
                        filename, file_size - rest );
        close( infd ); return 1;
        }
      if( rest == 0 )				// last read
        {
        const int rem = file_size % header_size;
        if( rem > 0 )
          { const int padding = header_size - rem;
            std::memset( buf + size, 0, padding ); size += padding; }
        }
      if( !archive_write( buf, size ) ) { close( infd ); return 1; }
      }
    if( close( infd ) != 0 )
      { show_file_error( filename, "Error closing file", errno ); return 1; }
    }
  if( encoder && solidity == no_solid && !archive_write( 0, 0 ) ) return 1;
  if( verbosity >= 1 ) std::fprintf( stderr, "%s\n", filename );
  return 0;
  }

} // end namespace


bool writeblock_wrapper( const int outfd, const uint8_t * const buffer,
                         const int size )
  {
  if( writeblock( outfd, buffer, size ) != size )
    { show_file_error( archive_namep, "Write error", errno ); return false; }
  return true;
  }


// write End-Of-Archive records
bool write_eof_records( const int outfd, const bool compressed )
  {
  if( compressed )
    {
    enum { eof_member_size = 44 };
    const uint8_t eof_member[eof_member_size] = {
      0x4C, 0x5A, 0x49, 0x50, 0x01, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6F, 0xFD, 0xFF, 0xFF,
      0xA3, 0xB7, 0x80, 0x0C, 0x82, 0xDB, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x9F, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00,
      0x2E, 0xAF, 0xB5, 0xEF, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
      0x2C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
    return writeblock_wrapper( outfd, eof_member, eof_member_size );
    }
  enum { bufsize = 2 * header_size };
  uint8_t buf[bufsize];
  std::memset( buf, 0, bufsize );
  return writeblock_wrapper( outfd, buf, bufsize );
  }


/* Removes any amount of leading "./" and '/' strings from filename.
   Optionally also removes prefixes containing a ".." component. */
const char * remove_leading_dotslash( const char * const filename,
                                      const bool dotdot )
  {
  // prevent two threads from modifying the list of prefixes at the same time
  static pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
  static std::vector< std::string > prefixes;	// list of prefixes
  const char * p = filename;

  if( dotdot )
    for( int i = 0; filename[i]; ++i )
      if( dotdot_at_i( filename, i ) ) p = filename + i + 2;
  while( *p == '/' || ( *p == '.' && p[1] == '/' ) ) ++p;
  if( p != filename )
    {
    std::string msg( filename, p - filename );
    unsigned i = 0;
    xlock( &mutex );
    while( i < prefixes.size() && prefixes[i] != msg ) ++i;
    if( i >= prefixes.size() )
      {
      prefixes.push_back( msg );
      msg.insert( 0, "Removing leading '" ); msg += "' from member names.";
      show_error( msg.c_str() );
      }
    xunlock( &mutex );
    }
  if( *p == 0 && *filename != 0 ) p = ".";
  return p;
  }


bool fill_headers( const char * const filename, Extended & extended,
                   Tar_header header, unsigned long long & file_size,
                   const int flag )
  {
  struct stat st;
  if( hstat( filename, &st ) != 0 )
    { show_file_error( filename, "Can't stat input file", errno );
      set_error_status( 1 ); return false; }
  if( file_is_the_archive( st ) )
    { show_file_error( archive_namep, "File is the archive; not dumped." );
      return false; }
  init_tar_header( header );
  bool force_extended_name = false;

  const mode_t mode = st.st_mode;
  print_octal( header + mode_o, mode_l - 1,
               mode & ( S_ISUID | S_ISGID | S_ISVTX |
                        S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO ) );
  const uid_t uid = ( cl_owner >= 0 ) ? (uid_t)cl_owner : st.st_uid;
  const gid_t gid = ( cl_group >= 0 ) ? (gid_t)cl_group : st.st_gid;
  if( uid >= 2 << 20 || gid >= 2 << 20 )
    { show_file_error( filename, "uid or gid is larger than 2_097_151." );
      set_error_status( 1 ); return false; }
  print_octal( header + uid_o, uid_l - 1, uid );
  print_octal( header + gid_o, gid_l - 1, gid );
  const unsigned long long mtime = (st.st_mtime >= 0) ? st.st_mtime : 0;
  if( mtime >= 1ULL << 33 )
    { show_file_error( filename, "mtime is out of ustar range [0, 8_589_934_591]." );
      set_error_status( 1 ); return false; }
  print_octal( header + mtime_o, mtime_l - 1, mtime );
  Typeflag typeflag;
  if( S_ISREG( mode ) ) { typeflag = tf_regular; file_size = st.st_size; }
  else if( S_ISDIR( mode ) )
    {
    typeflag = tf_directory;
    if( flag == FTW_DNR )
      { show_file_error( filename, "Can't open directory", errno );
        set_error_status( 1 ); return false; }
    }
  else if( S_ISLNK( mode ) )
    {
    typeflag = tf_symlink;
    long len, sz;
    if( st.st_size <= linkname_l )
      {
      len = sz = readlink( filename, (char *)header + linkname_o, linkname_l );
      while( len > 1 && header[linkname_o+len-1] == '/' )	// trailing '/'
        { --len; header[linkname_o+len] = 0; }
      }
    else
      {
      char * const buf = new char[st.st_size+1];
      len = sz = readlink( filename, buf, st.st_size );
      if( sz == st.st_size )
        {
        while( len > 1 && buf[len-1] == '/' ) --len;	// trailing '/'
        if( len <= linkname_l ) std::memcpy( header + linkname_o, buf, len );
        else { buf[len] = 0; extended.linkpath( buf );
               force_extended_name = true; }
        }
      delete[] buf;
      }
    if( sz != st.st_size )
      { show_file_error( filename, "Error reading link", (sz < 0) ? errno : 0 );
        set_error_status( 1 ); return false; }
    }
  else if( S_ISCHR( mode ) || S_ISBLK( mode ) )
    {
    typeflag = S_ISCHR( mode ) ? tf_chardev : tf_blockdev;
    if( (unsigned)major( st.st_rdev ) >= 2 << 20 ||
        (unsigned)minor( st.st_rdev ) >= 2 << 20 )
      { show_file_error( filename, "devmajor or devminor is larger than 2_097_151." );
        set_error_status( 1 ); return false; }
    print_octal( header + devmajor_o, devmajor_l - 1, major( st.st_rdev ) );
    print_octal( header + devminor_o, devminor_l - 1, minor( st.st_rdev ) );
    }
  else if( S_ISFIFO( mode ) ) typeflag = tf_fifo;
  else { show_file_error( filename, "Unknown file type." );
         set_error_status( 2 ); return false; }
  header[typeflag_o] = typeflag;
//  errno = 0;
  const struct passwd * const pw = getpwuid( uid );
  if( pw && pw->pw_name )
    std::strncpy( (char *)header + uname_o, pw->pw_name, uname_l - 1 );
/*  else { show_file_error( filename, "Can't read user name from database", errno );
         set_error_status( 1 ); } */	// numerical only
//  errno = 0;
  const struct group * const gr = getgrgid( gid );
  if( gr && gr->gr_name )
    std::strncpy( (char *)header + gname_o, gr->gr_name, gname_l - 1 );
/*  else { show_file_error( filename, "Can't read group name from database", errno );
         set_error_status( 1 ); } */	// numerical only
  if( file_size >= 1ULL << 33 )
    { extended.file_size( file_size ); force_extended_name = true; }
  else print_octal( header + size_o, size_l - 1, file_size );
  store_name( filename, extended, header, force_extended_name );
  print_octal( header + chksum_o, chksum_l - 1, ustar_chksum( header ) );
  return true;
  }


bool block_is_full( const Extended & extended,
                    const unsigned long long file_size,
                    unsigned long long & partial_data_size )
  {
  const unsigned long long member_size =
    header_size + extended.full_size() + round_up( file_size );
  const unsigned long long target_size = cl_data_size;
  if( partial_data_size >= target_size ||
      ( partial_data_size >= min_data_size &&
        partial_data_size + member_size / 2 > target_size ) )
    { partial_data_size = member_size; return true; }
  partial_data_size += member_size; return false;
  }


void set_error_status( const int retval )
  {
  // prevent two threads from modifying the error_status at the same time
  static pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;

  xlock( &mutex );
  if( error_status < retval ) error_status = retval;
  xunlock( &mutex );
  }

int final_exit_status( int retval, const bool show_msg )
  {
  if( !retval && error_status )
    { if( show_msg )
        show_error( "Exiting with failure status due to previous errors." );
      retval = error_status; }
  return retval;
  }

unsigned ustar_chksum( const uint8_t * const header )
  {
  unsigned chksum = chksum_l * 0x20;	// treat chksum field as spaces
  for( int i = 0; i < chksum_o; ++i ) chksum += header[i];
  for( int i = chksum_o + chksum_l; i < header_size; ++i ) chksum += header[i];
  return chksum;
  }


bool verify_ustar_chksum( const uint8_t * const header )
  { return ( verify_ustar_magic( header ) &&
    ustar_chksum( header ) == parse_octal( header + chksum_o, chksum_l ) ); }


bool has_lz_ext( const std::string & name )
  {
  return ( name.size() > 3 &&
           name.compare( name.size() - 3, 3, ".lz" ) == 0 ) ||
         ( name.size() > 4 &&
           name.compare( name.size() - 4, 4, ".tlz" ) == 0 );
  }


int concatenate( std::string archive_name, const Arg_parser & parser,
                 const int filenames )
  {
  if( !filenames )
    { if( verbosity >= 1 ) show_error( "Nothing to concatenate." ); return 0; }
  const bool to_stdout = archive_name.empty();
  const int outfd =
    to_stdout ? STDOUT_FILENO : open_outstream( archive_name, false );
  if( outfd < 0 ) return 1;
  if( to_stdout ) archive_name = "(stdout)";
  else if( !file_is_the_archive.init( outfd ) )
    { show_file_error( archive_name.c_str(), "Can't stat", errno ); return 1; }
  int compressed;					// tri-state bool
  if( to_stdout ) compressed = -1;			// unknown
  else
    {
    compressed = has_lz_ext( archive_name );		// default value
    long long pos = check_appendable( outfd, true );
    if( pos > 0 ) compressed = true;
    else if( pos < 0 )
      {
      pos = check_uncompressed_appendable( outfd, true );
      if( pos > 0 ) compressed = false;
      else if( pos < 0 )
        { show_file_error( archive_name.c_str(), compressed ?
            "This does not look like an appendable tar.lz archive." :
            "This does not look like an appendable tar archive." );
          return 2; }
      }
    }

  int retval = 0;
  bool eof_pending = false;
  for( int i = 0; i < parser.arguments(); ++i )		// copy archives
    {
    if( parser.code( i ) ) continue;			// skip options
    if( parser.argument( i ).empty() ) continue;	// skip empty names
    const char * const filename = parser.argument( i ).c_str();
    if( Exclude::excluded( filename ) ) continue;	// skip excluded
    const int infd = open_instream( filename );
    if( infd < 0 ) { retval = 1; break; }
    struct stat st;
    if( !to_stdout && fstat( infd, &st ) == 0 && file_is_the_archive( st ) )
      { show_file_error( filename, "File is the archive; not concatenated." );
        close( infd ); continue; }
    long long size;
    if( compressed < 0 )	// not initialized yet
      {
      if( ( size = check_appendable( infd, false ) ) > 0 ) compressed = true;
      else if( ( size = check_uncompressed_appendable( infd, false ) ) > 0 )
        compressed = false;
      else { size = -1 ; compressed = has_lz_ext( filename ); }
      }
    else size = compressed ? check_appendable( infd, false ) :
                             check_uncompressed_appendable( infd, false );
    if( size < 0 )
      { show_file_error( filename, compressed ?
                                   "Not an appendable tar.lz archive." :
                                   "Not an appendable tar archive." );
        close( infd ); retval = 2; break; }
    if( !copy_file( infd, outfd, size ) || close( infd ) != 0 )
      { show_file_error( filename, "Error copying archive", errno );
        eof_pending = false; retval = 1; break; }
    eof_pending = true;
    if( verbosity >= 1 ) std::fprintf( stderr, "%s\n", filename );
    }

  if( eof_pending && !write_eof_records( outfd, compressed ) && !retval )
    retval = 1;
  if( close( outfd ) != 0 && !retval )
    { show_file_error( archive_name.c_str(), "Error closing archive", errno );
      retval = 1; }
  return retval;
  }


int encode( const std::string & archive_name, const Arg_parser & parser,
            const int filenames, const int level, const int num_workers,
            const int out_slots, const int debug_level, const bool append,
            const bool dereference )
  {
  struct Lzma_options
    {
    int dictionary_size;		// 4 KiB .. 512 MiB
    int match_len_limit;		// 5 .. 273
    };
  const Lzma_options option_mapping[] =
    {
    {   65535,  16 },		// -0
    { 1 << 20,   5 },		// -1
    { 3 << 19,   6 },		// -2
    { 1 << 21,   8 },		// -3
    { 3 << 20,  12 },		// -4
    { 1 << 22,  20 },		// -5
    { 1 << 23,  36 },		// -6
    { 1 << 24,  68 },		// -7
    { 3 << 23, 132 },		// -8
    { 1 << 25, 273 } };		// -9
  const bool compressed = ( level >= 0 && level <= 9 );

  if( archive_name.size() && !compressed && has_lz_ext( archive_name ) )
    { show_file_error( archive_name.c_str(),
      "Uncompressed mode incompatible with .lz extension." ); return 2; }

  if( !filenames )
    {
    if( !append && archive_name.size() )	// create archive
      { show_error( "Cowardly refusing to create an empty archive.", 0, true );
        return 1; }
    else		// create/append to stdout or append to archive
      { if( verbosity >= 1 ) show_error( "Nothing to append." ); return 0; }
    }

  if( archive_name.empty() )			// create/append to stdout
    goutfd = STDOUT_FILENO;
  else if( !append )				// create archive
    { if( ( goutfd = open_outstream( archive_name ) ) < 0 ) return 1; }
  else						// append to archive
    {
    if( ( goutfd = open_outstream( archive_name, false ) ) < 0 ) return 1;
    if( compressed && check_appendable( goutfd, true ) < 0 )
      { show_file_error( archive_name.c_str(),
        "This does not look like an appendable tar.lz archive." ); return 2; }
    if( !compressed && check_uncompressed_appendable( goutfd, true ) < 0 )
      { show_file_error( archive_name.c_str(),
        "This does not look like an appendable tar archive." ); return 2; }
    }

  archive_namep = archive_name.size() ? archive_name.c_str() : "(stdout)";
  if( !file_is_the_archive.init( goutfd ) )
    { show_file_error( archive_namep, "Can't stat", errno ); return 1; }

  if( compressed )
    {
    const int dictionary_size = option_mapping[level].dictionary_size;
    if( cl_data_size <= 0 )
      {
      if( level == 0 ) cl_data_size = 1 << 20;
      else cl_data_size = 2 * dictionary_size;
      }
    /* CWD is not per-thread; multi-threaded --create can't be used if a
       -C option appears after a relative filename in the command line. */
    if( solidity != asolid && solidity != solid && num_workers > 0 &&
        !option_C_after_relative_filename( parser ) )
      {
      // show_file_error( archive_namep, "Multi-threaded --create" );
      return encode_lz( parser, dictionary_size,
                        option_mapping[level].match_len_limit, num_workers,
                        goutfd, out_slots, debug_level, dereference );
      }
    encoder = LZ_compress_open( dictionary_size,
                option_mapping[level].match_len_limit, LLONG_MAX );
    if( !encoder || LZ_compress_errno( encoder ) != LZ_ok )
      {
      if( !encoder || LZ_compress_errno( encoder ) == LZ_mem_error )
        show_error( mem_msg2 );
      else
        internal_error( "invalid argument to encoder." );
      return 1;
      }
    }

  int retval = 0;
  for( int i = 0; i < parser.arguments(); ++i )		// parse command line
    {
    const int code = parser.code( i );
    const std::string & arg = parser.argument( i );
    const char * filename = arg.c_str();
    if( code == 'C' && chdir( filename ) != 0 )
      { show_file_error( filename, "Error changing working directory", errno );
        retval = 1; break; }
    if( code ) continue;				// skip options
    if( parser.argument( i ).empty() ) continue;	// skip empty names
    std::string deslashed;		// arg without trailing slashes
    unsigned len = arg.size();
    while( len > 1 && arg[len-1] == '/' ) --len;
    if( len < arg.size() )
      { deslashed.assign( arg, 0, len ); filename = deslashed.c_str(); }
    if( Exclude::excluded( filename ) ) continue;	// skip excluded
    struct stat st;
    if( lstat( filename, &st ) != 0 )	// filename from command line
      { show_file_error( filename, "Can't stat input file", errno );
        set_error_status( 1 ); }
    else if( ( retval = nftw( filename, add_member, 16,
                              dereference ? 0 : FTW_PHYS ) ) != 0 )
      break;					// write error
    else if( encoder && solidity == dsolid && !archive_write( 0, 0 ) )
      { retval = 1; break; }
    }

  if( !retval )			// write End-Of-Archive records
    {
    enum { bufsize = 2 * header_size };
    uint8_t buf[bufsize];
    std::memset( buf, 0, bufsize );
    if( encoder &&
        ( solidity == asolid || ( solidity == bsolid && partial_data_size ) ) &&
        !archive_write( 0, 0 ) ) retval = 1;		// flush encoder
    else if( !archive_write( buf, bufsize ) ||
             ( encoder && !archive_write( 0, 0 ) ) ) retval = 1;
    }
  if( encoder && LZ_compress_close( encoder ) < 0 )
    { show_error( "LZ_compress_close failed." ); retval = 1; }
  if( close( goutfd ) != 0 && !retval )
    { show_file_error( archive_name.c_str(), "Error closing archive", errno );
      retval = 1; }
  return final_exit_status( retval );
  }