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It performs DNS lookups and + displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that + were queried. Most DNS administrators use <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> to + troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and + clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality + than <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span>. + </p> + + <p> + Although <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> is normally used with + command-line + arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup + requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments + and options is printed when the <code class="option">-h</code> option is given. + Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of + <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> allows multiple lookups to be issued + from the + command line. + </p> + + <p> + Unless it is told to query a specific name server, + <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> will try each of the servers listed in + <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. If no usable server addresses + are found, <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> will send the query to the local + host. + </p> + + <p> + When no command line arguments or options are given, + <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> will perform an NS query for "." (the root). + </p> + + <p> + It is possible to set per-user defaults for <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> via + <code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>. This file is read and + any options in it + are applied before the command line arguments. + </p> + + <p> + The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level + domain names. Either use the <code class="option">-t</code> and + <code class="option">-c</code> options to specify the type and class, + use the <code class="option">-q</code> the specify the domain name, or + use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains. + </p> + + </div> + + <div class="refsection"> +<a name="id-1.14.2.8"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2> + + + <p> + A typical invocation of <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> looks like: + </p> +<pre class="programlisting"> dig @server name type </pre> +<p> + where: + + </p> +<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">server</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This + can be an IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6 + address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied + <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is a hostname, + <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> resolves that name before querying + that name server. + </p> + <p> + If no <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is + provided, <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> consults + <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>; if an + address is found there, it queries the name server at + that address. If either of the <code class="option">-4</code> or + <code class="option">-6</code> options are in use, then + only addresses for the corresponding transport + will be tried. If no usable addresses are found, + <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> will send the query to the + local host. The reply from the name server that + responds is displayed. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">name</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">type</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + indicates what type of query is required — + ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc. + <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> can be any valid query + type. If no + <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> argument is supplied, + <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> will perform a lookup for an + A record. + </p> + </dd> +</dl></div> +<p> + </p> + + </div> + + <div class="refsection"> +<a name="id-1.14.2.9"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2> + + + <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"> +<dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Use IPv4 only. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-6</span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Use IPv6 only. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address[<span class="optional">#port</span>]</code></em></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Set the source IP address of the query. + The <em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em> must be a valid address on + one of the host's network interfaces, or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An + optional port may be specified by appending "#<port>" + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Set the query class. The + default <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> is IN; other classes + are HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Batch mode: <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> reads a list of lookup + requests to process from the + given <em class="parameter"><code>file</code></em>. Each line in the file + should be organized in the same way they would be + presented as queries to + <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> using the command-line interface. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-i</span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Do reverse IPv6 lookups using the obsolete RFC 1886 IP6.INT + domain, which is no longer in use. Obsolete bit string + label queries (RFC 2874) are not attempted. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>keyfile</code></em></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Sign queries using TSIG using a key read from the given file. + Key files can be generated using + <span class="citerefentry"> + <span class="refentrytitle">tsig-keygen</span>(8) + </span>. + When using TSIG authentication with <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span>, + the name server that is queried needs to know the key and + algorithm that is being used. In BIND, this is done by + providing appropriate <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> + and <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> statements in + <code class="filename">named.conf</code>. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-m</span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Enable memory usage debugging. + + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Send the query to a non-standard port on the server, + instead of the default port 53. This option would be used + to test a name server that has been configured to listen + for queries on a non-standard port number. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + The domain name to query. This is useful to distinguish + the <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> from other arguments. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + The resource record type to query. It can be any valid query + type. If it is a resource record type supported in BIND 9, it + can be given by the type mnemonic (such as "NS" or "AAAA"). + The default query type is "A", unless the <code class="option">-x</code> + option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup. A zone + transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When + an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required, set the + <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> to <code class="literal">ixfr=N</code>. + The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes + made to the zone since the serial number in the zone's SOA + record was + <em class="parameter"><code>N</code></em>. + </p> + <p> + All resource record types can be expressed as "TYPEnn", where + "nn" is the number of the type. If the resource record type is + not supported in BIND 9, the result will be displayed as + described in RFC 3597. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-u</span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Print query times in microseconds instead of milliseconds. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Print the version number and exit. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Simplified reverse lookups, for mapping addresses to + names. The <em class="parameter"><code>addr</code></em> is an IPv4 address + in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 + address. When the <code class="option">-x</code> is used, there is no + need to provide + the <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> + and <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> + arguments. <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> automatically performs a + lookup for a name like + <code class="literal">94.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa</code> and sets the + query type and class to PTR and IN respectively. IPv6 + addresses are looked up using nibble format under the + IP6.ARPA domain (but see also the <code class="option">-i</code> + option). + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]keyname:secret</code></em></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Sign queries using TSIG with the given authentication key. + <em class="parameter"><code>keyname</code></em> is the name of the key, and + <em class="parameter"><code>secret</code></em> is the base64 encoded shared secret. + <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em> is the name of the key algorithm; + valid choices are <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>, + <code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>, + <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>, or + <code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code>. If <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em> + is not specified, the default is <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code> + or if MD5 was disabled <code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>. + </p> + <p> + NOTE: You should use the <code class="option">-k</code> option and + avoid the <code class="option">-y</code> option, because + with <code class="option">-y</code> the shared secret is supplied as + a command line argument in clear text. This may be visible + in the output from + <span class="citerefentry"> + <span class="refentrytitle">ps</span>(1) + </span> + or in a history file maintained by the user's shell. + </p> + </dd> +</dl></div> + </div> + + <div class="refsection"> +<a name="id-1.14.2.10"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2> + + + <p><span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> + provides a number of query options which affect + the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of + these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which + sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout + and retry strategies. + </p> + + <p> + Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign + (<code class="literal">+</code>). Some keywords set or reset an + option. These may be preceded + by the string <code class="literal">no</code> to negate the meaning of + that keyword. Other + keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They + have the form <code class="option">+keyword=value</code>. + Keywords may be abbreviated, provided the abbreviation is + unambiguous; for example, <code class="literal">+cd</code> is equivalent + to <code class="literal">+cdflag</code>. + The query options are: + + </p> +<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaflag</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + A synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]aaonly</code></em>. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaonly</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Sets the "aa" flag in the query. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]additional</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Display [do not display] the additional section of a + reply. The default is to display it. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]adflag</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the + query. This requests the server to return whether + all of the answer and authority sections have all + been validated as secure according to the security + policy of the server. AD=1 indicates that all records + have been validated as secure and the answer is not + from a OPT-OUT range. AD=0 indicate that some part + of the answer was insecure or not validated. This + bit is set by default. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]all</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Set or clear all display flags. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]answer</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Display [do not display] the answer section of a + reply. The default is to display it. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]authority</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Display [do not display] the authority section of a + reply. The default is to display it. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]badcookie</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Retry lookup with the new server cookie if a + BADCOOKIE response is received. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]besteffort</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Attempt to display the contents of messages which are + malformed. The default is to not display malformed + answers. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+bufsize=B</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 + to <em class="parameter"><code>B</code></em> bytes. The maximum and + minimum sizes of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively. + Values outside this range are rounded up or down + appropriately. Values other than zero will cause a + EDNS query to be sent. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cdflag</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in + the query. This requests the server to not perform + DNSSEC validation of responses. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]class</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the + record. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cmd</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the + output identifying the version of <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> + and the query options that have been applied. This + comment is printed by default. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]comments</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. + The default is to print comments. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cookie[<span class="optional">=####</span>]</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Send a COOKIE EDNS option, with optional + value. Replaying a COOKIE from a previous response will + allow the server to identify a previous client. The + default is <code class="option">+cookie</code>. + </p> + <p> + <span class="command"><strong>+cookie</strong></span> is also set when +trace + is set to better emulate the default queries from a + nameserver. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]crypto</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Toggle the display of cryptographic fields in DNSSEC + records. The contents of these field are unnecessary + to debug most DNSSEC validation failures and removing + them makes it easier to see the common failures. The + default is to display the fields. When omitted they + are replaced by the string "[omitted]" or in the + DNSKEY case the key id is displayed as the replacement, + e.g. "[ key id = value ]". + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]defname</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Deprecated, treated as a synonym for + <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]search</code></em> + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]dnssec</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC + OK bit (DO) in the OPT record in the additional section + of the query. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+domain=somename</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Set the search list to contain the single domain + <em class="parameter"><code>somename</code></em>, as if specified in + a <span class="command"><strong>domain</strong></span> directive in + <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, and enable + search list processing as if the + <em class="parameter"><code>+search</code></em> option were given. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+dscp=value</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Set the DSCP code point to be used when sending the + query. Valid DSCP code points are in the range + [0..63]. By default no code point is explicitly set. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]edns[=#]</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values + are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause + a EDNS query to be sent. <code class="option">+noedns</code> + clears the remembered EDNS version. EDNS is set to + 0 by default. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ednsflags[=#]</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Set the must-be-zero EDNS flags bits (Z bits) to the + specified value. Decimal, hex and octal encodings are + accepted. Setting a named flag (e.g. DO) will silently be + ignored. By default, no Z bits are set. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ednsnegotiation</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Enable / disable EDNS version negotiation. By default + EDNS version negotiation is enabled. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ednsopt[=code[:value]]</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Specify EDNS option with code point <code class="option">code</code> + and optionally payload of <code class="option">value</code> as a + hexadecimal string. <code class="option">code</code> can be + either an EDNS option name (for example, + <code class="literal">NSID</code> or <code class="literal">ECS</code>), + or an arbitrary numeric value. <code class="option">+noednsopt</code> + clears the EDNS options to be sent. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]expire</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Send an EDNS Expire option. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]fail</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL. + The default is to not try the next server which is + the reverse of normal stub resolver behavior. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]header-only</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Send a query with a DNS header without a question section. + The default is to add a question section. The query type + and query name are ignored when this is set. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]identify</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number + that supplied the answer when the + <em class="parameter"><code>+short</code></em> option is enabled. If + short form answers are requested, the default is not + to show the source address and port number of the + server that provided the answer. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]idnin</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Process [do not process] IDN domain names on input. + This requires IDN SUPPORT to have been enabled at + compile time. The default is to process IDN input. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]idnout</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Convert [do not convert] puny code on output. + This requires IDN SUPPORT to have been enabled at + compile time. The default is to convert output. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ignore</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying + with TCP. By default, TCP retries are performed. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]keepopen</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Keep the TCP socket open between queries and reuse + it rather than creating a new TCP socket for each + lookup. The default is <code class="option">+nokeepopen</code>. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]mapped</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Allow mapped IPv4 over IPv6 addresses to be used. The + default is <code class="option">+mapped</code>. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]multiline</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Print records like the SOA records in a verbose + multi-line format with human-readable comments. The + default is to print each record on a single line, to + facilitate machine parsing of the <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> + output. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+ndots=D</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Set the number of dots that have to appear in + <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> to <em class="parameter"><code>D</code></em> + for it to be considered absolute. The default value + is that defined using the ndots statement in + <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, or 1 if no + ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots + are interpreted as relative names and will be searched + for in the domains listed in the <code class="option">search</code> + or <code class="option">domain</code> directive in + <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code> if + <code class="option">+search</code> is set. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nsid</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending + a query. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nssearch</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + When this option is set, <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> + attempts to find the authoritative name servers for + the zone containing the name being looked up and + display the SOA record that each name server has for + the zone. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]onesoa</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Print only one (starting) SOA record when performing + an AXFR. The default is to print both the starting + and ending SOA records. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]opcode=value</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Set [restore] the DNS message opcode to the specified + value. The default value is QUERY (0). + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]qr</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Print [do not print] the query as it is sent. By + default, the query is not printed. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]question</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Print [do not print] the question section of a query + when an answer is returned. The default is to print + the question section as a comment. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]rdflag</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + A synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]recurse</code></em>. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]recurse</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit + in the query. This bit is set by default, which means + <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> normally sends recursive + queries. Recursion is automatically disabled when + the <em class="parameter"><code>+nssearch</code></em> or + <em class="parameter"><code>+trace</code></em> query options are used. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+retry=T</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to + server to <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the + default, 2. Unlike <em class="parameter"><code>+tries</code></em>, + this does not include the initial query. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]rrcomments</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Toggle the display of per-record comments in the + output (for example, human-readable key information + about DNSKEY records). The default is not to print + record comments unless multiline mode is active. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]search</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Use [do not use] the search list defined by the + searchlist or domain directive in + <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> (if any). The search + list is not used by default. + </p> + <p> + 'ndots' from <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> (default 1) + which may be overridden by <em class="parameter"><code>+ndots</code></em> + determines if the name will be treated as relative + or not and hence whether a search is eventually + performed or not. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]short</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the + answer in a verbose form. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]showsearch</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate + results. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]sigchase</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be compiled + with -DDIG_SIGCHASE. This feature is deprecated. + Use <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> instead. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+split=W</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Split long hex- or base64-formatted fields in resource + records into chunks of <em class="parameter"><code>W</code></em> + characters (where <em class="parameter"><code>W</code></em> is rounded + up to the nearest multiple of 4). + <em class="parameter"><code>+nosplit</code></em> or + <em class="parameter"><code>+split=0</code></em> causes fields not to + be split at all. The default is 56 characters, or + 44 characters when multiline mode is active. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]stats</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + This query option toggles the printing of statistics: + when the query was made, the size of the reply and + so on. The default behavior is to print the query + statistics. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]subnet=addr[/prefix-length]</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Send (don't send) an EDNS Client Subnet option with the + specified IP address or network prefix. + </p> + <p> + <span class="command"><strong>dig +subnet=0.0.0.0/0</strong></span>, or simply + <span class="command"><strong>dig +subnet=0</strong></span> for short, sends an EDNS + CLIENT-SUBNET option with an empty address and a source + prefix-length of zero, which signals a resolver that + the client's address information must + <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> be used when resolving + this query. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]tcp</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The + default behavior is to use UDP unless a type + <code class="literal">any</code> or <code class="literal">ixfr=N</code> + query is requested, in which case the default is TCP. + AXFR queries always use TCP. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+timeout=T</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + + Sets the timeout for a query to + <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> seconds. The default + timeout is 5 seconds. + An attempt to set <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> to less + than 1 will result + in a query timeout of 1 second being applied. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]topdown</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top-down + validation. Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE. + This feature is deprecated. Use <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> instead. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]trace</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root + name servers for the name being looked up. Tracing + is disabled by default. When tracing is enabled, + <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> makes iterative queries to + resolve the name being looked up. It will follow + referrals from the root servers, showing the answer + from each server that was used to resolve the lookup. + </p> <p> + If @server is also specified, it affects only the + initial query for the root zone name servers. + </p> <p> + <span class="command"><strong>+dnssec</strong></span> is also set when +trace + is set to better emulate the default queries from a + nameserver. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+tries=T</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server + to <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default, + 3. If <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> is less than or equal + to zero, the number of tries is silently rounded up + to 1. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+trusted-key=####</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used + with <code class="option">+sigchase</code>. Each DNSKEY record + must be on its own line. + </p> <p> + If not specified, <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> will look + for <code class="filename">/etc/trusted-key.key</code> then + <code class="filename">trusted-key.key</code> in the current + directory. + </p> <p> + Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE. + This feature is deprecated. Use <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> instead. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttlid</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the + record. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttlunits</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Display [do not display] the TTL in friendly human-readable + time units of "s", "m", "h", "d", and "w", representing + seconds, minutes, hours, days and weeks. Implies +ttlid. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]unknownformat</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Print all RDATA in unknown RR type presentation format + (RFC 3597). The default is to print RDATA for known types + in the type's presentation format. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]vc</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This + alternate syntax to <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]tcp</code></em> + is provided for backwards compatibility. The "vc" + stands for "virtual circuit". + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]zflag</code></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Set [do not set] the last unassigned DNS header flag in a + DNS query. This flag is off by default. + </p> + </dd> +</dl></div> +<p> + + </p> + </div> + + <div class="refsection"> +<a name="id-1.14.2.11"></a><h2>MULTIPLE QUERIES</h2> + + + <p> + The BIND 9 implementation of <span class="command"><strong>dig </strong></span> + supports + specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to + supporting the <code class="option">-f</code> batch file option). Each of those + queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query + options. + </p> + + <p> + In this case, each <em class="parameter"><code>query</code></em> argument + represent an + individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each + consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be + looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that + should be applied to that query. + </p> + + <p> + A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries, + can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the + first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options + supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except + the <code class="option">+[no]cmd</code> option) can be + overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example: + </p> +<pre class="programlisting"> +dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr +</pre> +<p> + shows how <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> could be used from the + command line + to make three lookups: an ANY query for <code class="literal">www.isc.org</code>, a + reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of + <code class="literal">isc.org</code>. + + A global query option of <em class="parameter"><code>+qr</code></em> is + applied, so + that <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> shows the initial query it made + for each + lookup. The final query has a local query option of + <em class="parameter"><code>+noqr</code></em> which means that <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> + will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for + <code class="literal">isc.org</code>. + </p> + + </div> + + <div class="refsection"> +<a name="id-1.14.2.12"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2> + + <p> + If <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> has been built with IDN (internationalized + domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names. + <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> appropriately converts character encoding of + domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a + reply from the server. + If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, use + parameters <em class="parameter"><code>+noidnin</code></em> and + <em class="parameter"><code>+noidnout</code></em>. + </p> + </div> + + <div class="refsection"> +<a name="id-1.14.2.13"></a><h2>FILES</h2> + + <p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code> + </p> + <p><code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code> + </p> + </div> + + <div class="refsection"> +<a name="id-1.14.2.14"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2> + + <p><span class="citerefentry"> + <span class="refentrytitle">delv</span>(1) + </span>, + <span class="citerefentry"> + <span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1) + </span>, + <span class="citerefentry"> + <span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8) + </span>, + <span class="citerefentry"> + <span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8) + </span>, + <em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</em>. + </p> + </div> + + <div class="refsection"> +<a name="id-1.14.2.15"></a><h2>BUGS</h2> + + <p> + There are probably too many query options. + </p> + </div> + +</div> +<div class="navfooter"> +<hr> +<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"> +<tr> +<td width="40%" align="left"> +<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch13.html">Prev</a> </td> +<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="Bv9ARM.ch13.html">Up</a></td> +<td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="man.mdig.html">Next</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Manual pages </td> +<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Bv9ARM.html">Home</a></td> +<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> <span class="application">mdig</span> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +</div> +<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.11.5-P4 (Extended Support Version)</p> +</body> +</html> |